| involvement of soluble proteinous factors in auxin-induced modulation of p-type atpase in rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings. | the marked difference in auxin sensitivity between plant roots and shoots was studied in terms of auxin-induced stimulation of membrane p-type atpase. the results suggest the existence in rice seedlings of, at least, two isoforms of soluble proteinous factors (spf), spf(i) and spf(ii), which are involved in the stimulatory action of auxin on the enzyme. it also is indicated that spf(i) which mediates the auxin effect in low hormone concentration range (10(-10)-10(-7) m iaa) is the dominant isofo ... | 1997 | 9202160 |
| a group 3 lea cdna of rice, responsive to abscisic acid, but not to jasmonic acid, shows variety-specific differences in salt stress response. | a cdna clone oslea3, encoding a group 3 late-embryogenesis abundant (lea) protein was isolated from roots of rice seedlings (oryza sativa l.). the encoded oslea3 protein has previously been found to accumulate to higher levels in roots of two salt-tolerant compared to a salt-sensitive rice variety in response to abscisic acid (aba) [moons et al., 1995. plant physiol. 107, 177-186]. the oslea3 protein (mr 20.5, pi 6.5) characteristically contains ten imperfect 11-mer amino acid repeats. exogenous ... | 1997 | 9218720 |
| does decrease in ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase by antisense rbcs lead to a higher n-use efficiency of photosynthesis under conditions of saturating co2 and light in rice plants? | rice (oryza sativa l.) plants with decreased ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco) were obtained by transformation with the rice rbcs antisense gene under the control of the rice rbcs promoter. the primary transformants were screened for the rubisco to leaf n ratio, and the transformant with 65% wild-type rubisco was selected as a plant set with optimal rubisco content at saturating co2 partial pressures for photosynthesis under conditions of high irradiance and 25[deg]c. this optimal ... | 1997 | 12223722 |
| expression of arginine decarboxylase in seedlings of indica rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars as affected by salinity stress. | the effect of salinity stress on the activity of arginine decarboxylase (adc, ec 4.1.1.19), the first enzyme in biosynthesis of polyamines (pa) from arginine, as well as its transcript level has been compared in salt-sensitive (m-1-48) and salt-tolerant (pokkali) rice cultivars. treatment of 72 h grown seedlings either with increasing concentrations of nacl or with 150 mm nacl for different time periods, showed a gradual increase of activity in pokkali. in m-1-48 an immediate increase followed b ... | 1997 | 9225858 |
| comparative evaluation of within-cultivar variation of rice (oryza sativa l.) using microsatellite and rflp markers. | the objective of this study was to determine an efficient way of detecting within-cultivar variation in rice varieties obtained from national and international germplasm collections. seventy-one rice cultivars were evaluated for within-cultivar variation using a combination of phenotypic, rflp, and microsatellite or simple sequence length polymorphism (sslp). variation between individuals within and accession and between duplicate accessions within a cultivar was detected even in cultivars that ... | 1997 | 9202415 |
| transgenic rice (oryza sativa) endosperm expressing daffodil (narcissus pseudonarcissus) phytoene synthase accumulates phytoene, a key intermediate of provitamin a biosynthesis. | rice (oryza sativa l.), the major food staple for more than two billion people, contains neither beta-carotene (provitamin a) nor c40 carotenoid precursors thereof in its endosperm. to improve the nutritional value of rice, genetic engineering was chosen as a means to introduce the ability to make beta-carotene into rice endosperm tissue. investigation of the biochemical properties of immature rice endosperm using [14c]-labelled substrates revealed the presence of geranyl geranyl diphosphate, th ... | 1997 | 9193076 |
| transient expression of multiple genes in salinity-stressed young seedlings of rice (oryza sativa l.) cv. bura rata. | to date only about 15 abundantly expressed osmoresponsive genes/proteins have been described in rice cultivars. using in vivo radiolabeling followed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and autoradiography, a record number of at least 35 salinity stress-induced polypeptides (14-90 kda) and 17 salt stress-repressed polypeptides were detected in a halotolerant indica rice cultivar bura rata. these include > 20 hitherto unreported rice polypeptides that exhibited a low abundance, short-term expressio ... | 1997 | 9168910 |
| activity and distribution of methane-oxidizing bacteria in flooded rice soil microcosms and in rice plants (oryza sativa). | the activity and distribution of ch(inf4)-oxidizing bacteria (mob) in flooded rice (oryza sativa) soil microcosms was investigated. ch(inf4) oxidation was shown to occur in undisturbed microcosms by using (sup14)ch(inf4), and model calculations indicated that almost 90% of the oxidation measured had taken place at a depth where only roots could provide the o(inf2) necessary. slurry from soil planted with rice had an apparent k(infm) for ch(inf4) of 4 (mu)m and a v(infmax) of 0.1 (mu)mol g (dry w ... | 1997 | 16535562 |
| expansins and internodal growth of deepwater rice. | the distribution and activity of the cell wall-loosening protein expansin is correlated with internodal growth in deepwater rice (oryza sativa l.). acid-induced extension of native cell walls and reconstituted extension of boiled cell walls were confined to the growing region of the internode, i.e. to the intercalary meristem (im) and the elongation zone. immunolocalization by tissue printing and immunoblot analysis, using antibody against cucumber expansin 29 as a probe, confirmed that rice exp ... | 1997 | 12223665 |
| genetics of hybrid sterility and hybrid breakdown in an intersubspecific rice (oryza sativa l.) population. | f1 hybrid sterility and "hybrid breakdown" of f2 and later generations in rice (oryza sativa l.) are common and genetically complicated. we used a restriction fragment length polymorphism linkage map and f4 progeny testing to investigate hybrid sterility and hybrid breakdown in a cross between "widely compatible" o. sativa ssp. japonica cultivar lemont from the southern u.s. and ssp. indica cultivar teqing from china. our results implicate different genetic mechanisms in hybrid sterility and hyb ... | 1997 | 9093864 |
| phototropism of rice (oryza sativa l.) coleoptiles: fluence-response relationships, kinetics and photogravitropic equilibrium. | phototropism of rice (oryza sativa l.) coleoptiles induced by unilateral blue light was characterized using red-light-grown seedlings. phototropic fluence-response relationships, investigated mainly with submerged coleoptiles, revealed three response types previously identified in oat and maize coleoptiles: two pulse-induced positive phototropisms and a phototropism that depended on stimulation time. the effective ranges of fluences and fluence rates were comparable to those reported for maize. ... | 1997 | 11541281 |
| plant regeneration of indica rice (oryza sativa) cultivars from mature embryo-derived calli. | plant regeneration from seven-week-old callus cultures derived from mature embryos of several indica rice cultivars was achieved with frequencies of morphogenic calli from 10 to 47%. three media were tested both for callogenesis and plant regeneration. for 3 of the 7 genotypes examined, the best combination of media for plant regeneration was murashige & skoog basal medium: msc (callogenesis) and msr (regeneration). the rates of callogenesis were not related to the capacity for plant regeneratio ... | 1997 | 9404510 |
| rapid reconstitution of tonoplast h(+)-translocating pyrophosphatase from cultured rice cells into liposomes. | we report the rapid and functional reconstitution of h(+)-pyrophosphatase (h(+)-ppase) from the tonoplast of cultured rice (oryza sativa l.) cells to proteoliposomes. the chaps-solubilized h(+)-ppase was incorporated into liposomes by gel-filtration. both the activities of ppi-hydrolysis and h(+)-pumping were influenced by the lipid-protein ratio and cholesterol. | 1997 | 9150610 |
| phosphorylation of the c2 subunit of the proteasome in rice (oryza sativa l.). | proteasomes function mainly in the atp-dependent degradation of proteins that have been conjugated with ubiquitin. to demonstrate the phosphorylation of proteasomes in plants, we conducted an enzymatic dephosphorylation experiment with a crude extract of rice cultured cells. the results indicated that the c2 subunit of the 20s proteasome is phosphorylated in vivo in cultured cells. an in-gel kinase assay and analysis of phospho-amino acids revealed that the c2 subunit is phosphorylated by a 40-k ... | 1997 | 9091324 |
| chromosomal regions associated with segregation distortion of molecular markers in f2, backcross, doubled haploid, and recombinant inbred populations in rice (oryza sativa l.). | chromosomal regions associated with marker segregation distortion in rice were compared based on six molecular linkage maps. mapping populations were derived from one interspecific backcross and five inter-subspecific (indica/japonica) crosses, including two f2 populations, two doubled haploid (dh) populations, and one recombinant inbred (ri) population. mapping data for each population consisted of 129-629 markers. segregation distortion was determined based on chi-square analysis (p < 0.01) an ... | 1997 | 9065686 |
| purification and characterization of a (1-->3)-beta-d-glucan endohydrolase from rice (oryza sativa) bran. | a (1-->3)-beta-glucanase with an apparent m(r) of 29,000 and an isoelectric point of 4.0 has been purified 2000-fold from extracts of rice bran, using fractional precipitation with ammonium sulfate, anion exchange chromatography, size-exclusion chromatography, chromatofocussing, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. the enzyme can be classified with the ec 3.2.1.39 group, because it releases laminarabiose and higher laminara-oligosaccharides from linear (1-->3)-beta-d-glucans with an actio ... | 1997 | 9076936 |
| differential ammonia-elicited changes of cytosolic ph in root hair cells of rice and maize as monitored by 2[prime],7[prime]-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5 (and -6)-carboxyfluorescein-fluorescence ratio. | intact hair cells of young rice (oryza sativa l.) and maize roots (zea mays l.), grown without external nitrogen, were specifically loaded with 2[prime],7[prime]-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5 (and -6)-carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester to monitor fluorescence ratio cytosolic ph changes in response to external ammonia (nh4+/nh3) application. in neutral media, cytosolic ph of root hairs was 7.15 [plus or minus] 0.13 (o. sativa) and 7.08 [plus or minus] 0.11 (z. mays). application of 2 mm ammonia at e ... | 1997 | 12223619 |
| epistasis for three grain yield components in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the genetic basis for three grain yield components of rice, 1000 kernel weight (kw), grain number per panicle (gn), and grain weight per panicle (gwp), was investigated using restriction fragment length polymorphism markers and f4 progency testing from a cross between rice subspecies japonica (cultivar lemont from usa) and indica (cv. tequing from china). following identification of 19 qtl affecting these traits, we investigated the role of epistasis in genetic control of these phenotypes. among ... | 1997 | 9071598 |
| characterization of a maize beta-amylase cdna clone and its expression during seed germination. | a maize (zea mays l.) cdna clone (pzmb2) encoding beta-amylase was isolated from a cdna library prepared from the aleurone rna of germinating kernels. the cdna encodes a predicted product of 488 amino acids with significant similarity to known beta-amylases from barley (hordeum vulgare), rye (secale cereale), and rice (oryza sativa). glycine-rich repeats found in the carboxyl terminus of the endosperm-specific beta-amylase of barley and rye are absent from the maize gene product. the n-terminal ... | 1997 | 9046591 |
| phytoalexin production by amino acid conjugates of jasmonic acid through induction of naringenin-7-o-methyltransferase, a key enzyme on phytoalexin biosynthesis in rice (oryza sativa l.). | amino acid conjugates of jasmonic acid are found to elicit production of the flavonoid phytoalexin, sakuranetin in rice leaves. the elicitation is shown to arise from induction of naringenin 7-o-methyltransferase, a key enzyme of sakuranetin biosynthesis. the (-)-phenylalanine conjugate, one of the active compounds, is characterized by high activity for both sakuranetin and enzyme induction and low phytotoxicity against rice growth. both (+)-enantiomers of the conjugates and free amino acids do ... | 1997 | 9013895 |
| effects of ethylene and gibberellins on the elongation of rice seedlings (oryza sativa l.). | three-day-old rice seedlings treated with ethylene showed elongation of the 2nd and 3rd leaves. this ethylene-stimulated elongation was not observed in the presence of uniconazole-p or prohexadione, both gibberellin (ga) biosynthesis inhibitors, suggesting that ga was involved in the response. an analysis of endogenous gas by gc-ms revealed that the ga1 level was reduced in the 3rd leaf in response to ethylene. dose-response experiments showed that the responsiveness to ga1 was enhanced by ethyl ... | 1997 | 28862568 |
| semi quantification of gibberellins in the anthers of thermosensitive genetic male sterile rice (oryza sativa l. cv. pl12). | the levels of endogenous gas in the anthers of rice (oryza sativa l., cv. reimei (normal)) and in those of sterile and fertile plants of a thermosensitive genetic male sterile line (norin pl12; derived from reimei) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). high levels of ga4/7 were detected in the anthers of reimei (normal fertility) and fertile (growing under fertile conditions) pl 12, while such levels were markedly reduced with increased sterility in pl12. the anthers of the ... | 1997 | 27393172 |
| identifying different types of de-differentiated microspores from indica-japonica f(1) hybrids with subspecies-differentiating rflp probes in rice. | the indica, japonica and intermediary types of de-differentiated microspores from indica-japonica f(1) hybrids were identified with 11 subspecies-differentiating relp probes in rice (oryza sativa l.). the results showed that the distribution of indica, japonica and intermediary types of de-differentiated microspores could be easily detected in a simple and quick way using the rflp method. moreover, the microspores from the same f(1) hybrid but inoculated onto different media, or microspores from ... | 1997 | 19352742 |
| characteristics of genetic variation in the progenies of protoplast-derived plants of rice, oryza sativa cv nipponbare. | genetic variation in protoplast-derived rice (oryza sativa l.) plants was characterized using first and second generation selfed progenies. a total of 133 regenerated plants were obtained from ten protoplasts of the japonica rice cultivar nipponbare. sixty two regenerated plants which set enough seeds for the subsequent field tests at the next generation and were derived from five protoplasts were selected, and their selfed seeds were used as the first selfed-seed progeny (pt(1) generation). fif ... | 1997 | 19352738 |
| ultraviolet b-sensitive rice cultivar deficient in cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimer repair. | repair of cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers (cpds) in dna is essential in most organisms to prevent biological damage by ultraviolet (uv) light. in higher plants tested thus far, uv-sensitive strains had higher initial damage levels or deficient repair of nondimer dna lesions but normal cpd repair. this suggested that cpds might not be important for biological lesions. the photosynthetic apparatus has also been proposed as a critical target. we have analyzed cpd induction and repair in the uv-sensiti ... | 1997 | 12223592 |
| an abscisic-acid- and salt-stress-responsive rice cdna from a novel plant gene family. | a novel cdna clone osr40cl, encoding a abscisic acid (aba)-responsive 40-kda protein previously associated with salt tolerance (moons et al. '1995' plant physiol 107: 177-186), was isolated from roots of rice seedlings (oryza sativa l.). exogenously applied aba and salt shock induced a marked increase of the osr40cl transcript level in roots of seedlings whereas constant osr40cl mrna levels were found in the shoot. the root-specific salinity-induced osr40cl mrna accumulation was rapid and gradua ... | 1997 | 9265787 |
| cell wall (1-->3)- and (1-->3, 1-->4)-beta-glucans during early grain development in rice (oryza sativa l.). | immunogold labeling was used to study the distribution of (1-->3)-beta-glucans and (1-->3, 1-->4)-beta-glucans in the rice grain during cellularization of the endosperm. at approximately 3-5 d after pollination the syncytial endosperm is converted into a cellular tissue by three developmentally distinct types of wall. the initial free-growing anticlinal walls, which compartmentalize the syncytium into open-ended alveoli, are formed in the absence of mitosis and phragmoplasts. this stage is follo ... | 1997 | 9265785 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a cdna for plastidic copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase in rice (oryza sativa l.). | a cdna encoding plastidic cu/zn-sod was isolated from rice. the deduced amino acid sequence included a transit peptide in the amino-terminal residues and showed a high similarity to those of plastidic cu/zn-sods from other plants. the level of expression of this transcript was high in green leaves and differed from that of other rice sod mrnas in various tissues. | 1997 | 9057336 |
| expression characteristics of os-acs1 and os-acs2, two members of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase gene family in rice (oryza sativa l. cv. habiganj aman ii) during partial submergence. | deepwater rice can grow in the regions of southeast asia that are flooded during the monsoon season because it has several adaptations allowing it to survive under flooded conditions. one such adaptation is the ability for rapid internode elongation upon partial submergence to maintain its foliage above the rising flood water levels. ethylene is considered to be the trigger of this growth response because deepwater conditions not only trap ethylene in submerged organs, but also enhance the activ ... | 1997 | 9037160 |
| characterization of three rice basic/leucine zipper factors, including two inhibitors of embp-1 dna binding activity. | the promoter of the wheat em gene contains elements with a cacgtg core sequence (g-boxes), which are recognized by embp-1, a wheat basic/leucine zipper (bzip) protein. g-boxes are required for em expression in response to the phytohormone abscisic acid and for transactivation by the viviparous-1 protein (vp1) using transient expression systems. in order to identify other factors that are part of the transcriptional complex that associates with g-boxes, we have screened a rice (oryza sativa) cdna ... | 1996 | 8940135 |
| rates of ethylene release, photosynthesis and transpiration of rice measured in closed-type chamber. | to obtain the basic data of gas exchange of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare), rates of ethylene release, photosynthesis and transpiration of the rice plant were measured by using a closed-type chamber. each rate increased until the heading stage and thereafter decreased. ethylene release rate (e) gradually increased with day after seeding and rates of photosynthesis (p) and transpiration (t) did exponentially. at the heading stage, e, p and t were maximum and had values of about 2.0 mmol pl ... | 1996 | 11541585 |
| lazy gene (la) responsible for both an agravitropism of seedlings and lazy habit of tiller growth in rice (oryza sativa l.). | using an isogenic line of rice having lazy gene (la), we studied the correlation between the agravitropic response at the young seedling stage and the lazy habit (prostrate growth of tillers) at the more advanced stage of growth. in this study, it was found that both agravitropism and lazy habit were controlled by the single recessive la gene. that is, f2 segregants of kamenoo x lazy-kamenoo, which had an agravitropic response at their young seedling stage, showed a lazy habit of growth in the m ... | 1996 | 11539861 |
| polyamine accumulation and near loss of morphogenesis in long-term callus cultures of rice (restoration of plant regeneration by manipulation of cellular polyamine levels). | we have shown (s. bajaj and m.v. rajam [1995] plant cell rep 14: 717-720) that a significant reduction in morphogenetic potential occurs in callus cultures of rice (oryza sativa l. cv tn-1) (up to 1 year old), and that plant regeneration could be improved in such cultures with spermidine treatment. we now show a near loss in plant regeneration capacity, concomitant with massive polyamine accumulation (primarily the diamine putrescine), due to the increase in arginine decarboxylase activity and a ... | 1996 | 12226449 |
| chalcone synthase in rice (oryza sativa l.): detection of the chs protein in seedlings and molecular mapping of the chs locus. | the chalcone synthase is a key enzyme that catalyses the first dedicated reaction of the flavonoid pathway in higher plants. the chs gene and its protein product in rice has been investigated. the presence of a chalcone synthase (chs) protein in rice seedlings and its developmental stage-specific expression has been demonstrated by western analysis. the chalcone synthase of rice was found to be immunologically similar to that of maize. a rice cdna clone, os-chs cdna, encoding chalcone synthase, ... | 1996 | 8980525 |
| rna expression patterns of a type 2 metallothionein-like gene from rice. | a type 2 metallothionein-like gene from rice, osmt-2 (oryza sativa metallothionein-like gene-2), was isolated in its cdna form and sequenced. by northern analyses osmt-2 expression was shown to be induced under stress by sucrose starvation, heat shock and, to a lesser extent, abscisic acid, but not excess metals, including copper. its response to sucrose starvation was transient and different from osmt-1, a type 1 metallothionein-like gene of rice inducible by copper. these results suggest that ... | 1996 | 8980501 |
| characterization and mapping of cdna encoding aspartate aminotransferase in rice, oryza sativa l. | fifteen cdna clones, putatively identified as encoding aspartate aminotransferase (ast, ec 2.6.1.1.), were isolated and partially sequenced. together with six previously isolated clones putatively identified to encode asts (sasaki, et al. 1994, plant journal 6, 615-624), their sequences were characterized and classified into 4 cdna species. two of the isolated clones, c60213 and c2079, were full-length cdnas, and their complete nucleotide sequences were determined. c60213 was 1612 bp long and it ... | 1996 | 9039500 |
| dna fingerprints of rice (oryza sativa) obtained from hypervariable chloroplast simple sequence repeats. | the aim of this research was to develop a convenient polymerase chain reaction-based assay that would allow intraspecific chloroplast variability to be detected. our approach is based on the detection of length polymorphism within chloroplast mononucleotide microsatellite loci. information from the fully sequenced rice chloroplast genome was used to identify 12 regions with a minimum of ten uninterrupted mononucleotide repeats. primers flanking these repeats were used in conjunction with polymer ... | 1996 | 8914327 |
| variability and genetics of tolerance for aluminum toxicity in rice (oryza sativa l.). | a study was undertaken to investigate the variability among lowland rice cultivars and the mode of gene action of aluminum (al) toxicity tolerance in rice. pregerminated seeds were grown in a nutrient solution containing 30 ppm al and in normal nutrient solution, and relative root length (rrl) was determined at the 14-day-old stage to characterize genotypes for tolerance. sixty-two traditional rice cultivars grown on lowland acid sulfate soil areas of asia and west africa were tested. tolerant v ... | 1996 | 24162402 |
| cool temperature-induced chlorosis in rice plants (ii. effects of cool temperature on the expression of plastid-encoded genes during shoot growth in darkness). | it has been proposed that cool temperature-induced chlorosis (ctic) in indica cultivars of rice (oryza sativa l.) is caused by cell growth and plastid development being impeded at cool temperatures. since it is well known that the overall rate of transcription of plastid-encoded genes changes dramatically during the early phases of plastid development, in this study we focused on the patterns of expression of these genes. northern blot analysis revealed that the level of 16s rrna is decreased in ... | 1996 | 12226412 |
| phylogenetic relationships in a-genome species of rice as revealed by rapd analysis. | in order to clarify the phylogenetic relationships in a-genome species of rice, rapd analysis was carried out using 29 accessions (8 oryza sativa, 6 o. glaberrima, 13 o. perennis, and 2 o. breviligulata). their total dna was used as template for pcr with 14 decamer primers. the amplified products were electrophoresed in agarose gel, and the banding patterns were observed. average number of total amplified bands for each accession using 14 primers was 84.6. by comparing the banding patterns, the ... | 1996 | 8979372 |
| isolation and characterization of cdnas encoding vacuolar h(+)-pyrophosphatase isoforms from rice (oryza sativa l.). | the vacuolar h(+)-pyrophosphatase (v-ppase) is an electrogenic h+ pump, which was found in the plant vacuolar membrane. two cdna clones (ovp1 and ovp2) encoding the v-ppase were isolated from cultured rice (oryza sativa l.) cells and subsequently sequenced. the sequence analysis has revealed that ovp1 contains 2316 nucleotides of open reading frame (orf) and 362 nucleotides of the 3'-untranslated region, whereas ovp2 comprises 2304 nucleotides of orf and 312 nucleotides of the 3'-untranslated re ... | 1996 | 8843945 |
| phytohormone-regulated beta-amylase gene expression in rice. | the expression of beta-amylase genes in rice (oryza sativa) and its regulation by phytohormones gibberellic acid (ga) and abscisic acid (aba) were examined. upon germination beta-amylase is synthesized de novo in aleurone cells and (ga) is not required. exogenous addition of ga does not enhance the beta-amylase activity, while aba inhibits the beta-amylase activity, mrna accumulation, and the germination of rice seeds. ga can reverse aba inhibition of beta-amylase expression, but not aba inhibit ... | 1996 | 8843940 |
| molecular mapping of the ge (s) gene controlling the super-giant embryo character in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the giant-embryo character is useful for quality improvement in rice. three alleles controlling embryo size have been reported at the ge locus. based on trisomic analysis, this locus is known to reside on chromosome 7. the objective of the present study was to identify linkage between molecular markers and the ge (s) gene using an existing molecular map of rice and an f2 population derived from hwacheongbyeo-ge (s) (super-giant embryo)/milyang 23. the bulked-segregant method was used to screen 3 ... | 1996 | 24162226 |
| growth inhibition in suspension-cultured rice cells under phosphate deprivation is mediated through putrescine accumulation. | the effects of phosphate deprivation on the growth and polyamine levels of suspension-cultured rice (oryza sativa) cells were investigated. when rice suspension cells were deprived of phosphate, cell growth was markedly inhibited. phosphate deprivation resulted in a higher putrescine level and lower spermidine and spermine levels in rice suspension cells. the growth of rice cells cultured in the absence of phosphate did not recover as a result of spermidine and spermine addition. d-arginine and ... | 1996 | 12226323 |
| purification and properties of a basic endo-1,3-beta-glucanase from rice (oryza sativa l.). | a 1,3-beta-glucanase purified from rice grain is a 33 kda monomer with a pi of > or = 10.4. the enzyme was determined to be an endo-1,3-beta-glucanase (ec 3.2.1.39) by end product analysis using laminaria digitata laminarin as substrate. its amino-terminal amino acid sequence revealed strong homology to an endo-1,3-beta-glucanase from barley. | 1996 | 8819316 |
| centromere mapping and orientation of the molecular linkage map of rice (oryza sativa l.). | rice has become a model cereal plant for molecular genetic research. rice has the most comprehensive molecular linkage maps with more than 2000 dna markers and shows synteny and colinearity with the maps of other cereal crops. until now, however, no information was available about the positions of centromeres and arm locations of markers on the molecular linkage map. secondary and telotrisomics were used to assign restriction fragment length polymorphism markers to specific chromosome arms and t ... | 1996 | 8650237 |
| transformation of haploid, microspore-derived cell suspension protoplasts of rice (oryza sativa l.). | we compared the transient activity of three cereal gene-derived promoter-gus fusions and the efficiency of selection mediated by three different selectable genes in a polyethylene glycol transformation system with haploid cell suspension protoplasts of rice. the maize ubiquitin promoter was found to be the most active in transformed protoplasts, and selection on ammonium glufosinate mediated by the bar gene was the most efficient for producing resistant calluses. cotransformation of protoplasts ... | 1996 | 24178168 |
| effect of oxygen-enriched aeration on regeneration of rice (oryza sativa l.) cell culture. | the effect of the oxygen concentration in the aeration gas on regeneration from rice cells in bioreactor cultures was investigated. the efficiency of regeneration in cultures aerated with over 40% oxygen was higher than that in a flask culture. in the case of a culture in which the dissolved oxygen(do) was saturated by aeration with air, the efficiency of regeneration was less than the half that of cultures aerated with 40% oxygen. in cultures with the do levels controlled at 8,10 and 12 mg/ℓ, t ... | 1996 | 24178160 |
| rflp mapping of qtls for yield and related characters in rice (oryza sativa l.). | quantitative triat loci (qtls) for yield and related traits in rice were mapped based on rflp maps from two indica/indica f2 populations, tesanai 2/cb and waiyin 2/cb. in tesanai 2/cb, 14 intervals carrying qtls for eight traits were detected, including 3 for grain weight per plant (gwt), 2 for number of panicles per plant (np), 2 for number of grains per panicle (ng), 1 for total number of spikelets per panicle (tns), 1 for spikelet fertility (sf), 3 for 1000-grain weight (tgwt), 1 for spikelet ... | 1996 | 24166618 |
| the origin, identification, and plant morphology of five rice monosomics. | five different monosomics of rice (oryza sativa l.) were obtained by treatment of pollen with gamma irradiation, as a by-product of attempts to determine the cytological loci of certain marker genes, i.e., mature pollen carrying normal alleles at all loci was given gamma rays and used for pollinating strains that were homozygous for recessive marker genes. the monosomics showed distinguishable morphological features and had complete seed sterility. cytological studies revealed that one monosomic ... | 1996 | 18469913 |
| epidermal growth factor binding proteins in rice (oryza sativa l.) leaves. | a ligand blotting experiment using [125i]epidermal growth factor (egf) showed that there are egf binding proteins in rice leaves. egf binding proteins have isoelectric points and relative molecular masses of 5.5/35 kda, 7.5/50 kda and 8.3/40 kda, respectively. the amino acid sequences of the n-terminal and internal regions of the egf binding proteins were determined. the amino acid sequences of 35 kda protein and 40 kda were found to be homologous with those of the photosystem ii oxygen-evolving ... | 1996 | 8799499 |
| submergence enhances expression of a gene encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase in deepwater rice. | partial submergence greatly stimulates internodal growth in deep water rice (oryza sativa l.). previous work has shown that the effect of submergence is, at least in part, mediated by ethylene, which accumulates in the air spaces of submerged internodes. to investigate the expression of the genes encoding ethylene biosynthetic enzymes during accelerated growth of deep water rice, we cloned a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) oxidase cdna (os-aco1) from internodes of submerged plants and me ... | 1996 | 8759917 |
| a methyltransferase for synthesis of the flavanone phytoalexin sakuranetin in rice leaves. | rice (oryza sativa l.) leaves irradiated with short wave uv light accumulated the major rice phytoalexin, flavanone sakuranetin. the extracts from these leaves catalyzed the methylation of the hydroxyl group at position 7 of naringenin to yield sakuranetin, with s-adenosyl-l-methionine as the methyl donor. activity of the naringenin 7-o-methyltransferase was not found in healthy rice leaves but increased upon irradiation with uv light in parallel with increase in sakuranetin. the autoradiogram o ... | 1996 | 8651913 |
| mapping quantitative trait loci associated with root penetration ability in rice (oryza sativa l.). | root penetration ability is an important factor for rice drought resistance in areas with soils subject to both compaction and periodic water deficits. however, breeding for root penetration ability is inhibited by the difficulties associated with measuring root traits. our objective was to identify restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) associated with root penetration ability. using wax-petrolatum layers as a proxy for compacted soil, we counted the number of vertical root axes pene ... | 1996 | 24166384 |
| function of silica bodies in the epidermal system of rice (oryza sativa l.): testing the window hypothesis. | silicon has been considered to be important for normal growth and development of the rice plant (oryza sativa l.). to investigate the physiological function of deposited silica in rice leaves, the hypothesis that silica bodies in the leaf epidermal system might act as a 'window' to facilitate the transmission of light to photosynthetic mesophyll tissue was tested. the silica content of leaves increased with supplied silicon and was closely correlated with the number of silica bodies per unit lea ... | 1996 | 11539362 |
| rice gibberellin-binding phosphoprotein structurally related to ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase. | a gibberellin a (ga)-binding protein was identified from rice (oryza sativa l.) leaves by a ligand-binding assay. the dissociation constant of ga-binding protein and ga complex was about 100 nm. this protein has a relative molecular mass of 47 000 and an isoelectric point of 5.1. the partial amino acid sequence of the protein was determined for 54 residues from both the n-terminal and internal regions. a sequence homology search indicated that the amino acid sequence of ga-binding protein was ho ... | 1996 | 8612816 |
| effect of culture methods on the regeneration of albino rice (oryza sativa l.) plantlets. | in our study, we investigated the effects of regeneration conditions on both green and albino rice plants (oryza sativa l.). the regeneration frequency of an albino cell line was compared to a normal cell line obtained from mature seed under two kinds of culture conditions; namely, the static culture on semi-solid regeneration medium and the suspension culture in liquid regeneration medium. the albino cell line, from which only albino plantlets were regenerated, was induced from the albino leaf ... | 1996 | 24178525 |
| molecular mapping of quantitative trait loci in japonica rice. | rice (oryza sativa l.) molecular maps have previously been constructed using interspecific crosses or crosses between the two major subspecies: indica and japonica. for japonica breeding programs, however, it would be more suitable to use intrasubspecific crosses. a linkage map of 129 random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) and 18 restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) markers was developed using 118 f2 plants derived from a cross between two japonica cultivars with high and low seedlin ... | 1996 | 18469902 |
| characterization of four induced chromosome deficiencies in rice (oryza sativa l.). | four rice (oryza sativa l.) deficiencies, involving chromosomes 4 (df4), 8 (df8), and 11 (df11-1, df11-2), were studied. the deficiencies were induced by means of the pseudodominance technique, i.e., strains carrying one or more recessive marker genes were fertilized with irradiated pollen of a strain carrying normal alleles at corresponding loci. no characteristic morphological features were found in the deficiencies, as compared with the normal f1 plants in the progeny. the deficiencies showed ... | 1996 | 18469895 |
| variations in glutelin and high molecular weight endosperm proteins among subspecies of rice (oryza sativa l.) detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. | variations in endosperm polypeptides among 16 cultivars of rice were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. one glutelin alpha-subunit (alpha 8) with a molecular mass of 32.5 kda was exclusively present in indica cultivars. by contrast, the glutelin alpha 3 subunit, with a molecular mass of 32 kda, was present only in japonica and javanica cultivars. glutelin alpha-subunits alpha 5a and alpha 5b, which have a molecular mass of 32 kda and slightly different isoelectric points, differed ... | 1996 | 8752866 |
| evidence for genomic changes in transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.) recovered from protoplasts. | the occurrence of genomic modifications in transgenic rice plants recovered from protoplasts and their transmission to the self-pollination progeny has been verified with the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) approach. the plant was the indica-type rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivar chinsurah boro ii. the analysed material was: (1) microspore-derived embryogenic rice cells grown in suspension culture, (2) transgenic plants recovered from protoplasts produced from the cultured cells and (3) th ... | 1996 | 8866891 |
| cool-temperature-induced chlorosis in rice plants. | we have established an experimental system for mimicking the phenomenon of cool-temperature-induced chlorosis (ctic) in rice plants (oryza sativa l.). rice seedlings were initially grown in darkness under cool-temperature conditions and then exposed to light and warm conditions to follow the expression of ctic. induction of ctic in the sensitive cultivar (cv surjamukhi) was bimodally dependent on the temperatures experienced during the initial growth in darkness. ctic was maximally induced betwe ... | 1996 | 8819872 |
| isolation and characterization of two cdna clones for mrnas that are abundantly expressed in immature anthers of rice (oryza sativa l.). | the relationship between the length of anthers and the stage of development of microspores was examined in rice (oryza sativa l. cv. hayayuki). anthers of < or = 2 mm and 2.1-2.2 mm in length and those ready to dehiscence were determined to be at the uninucleate, binucleate and trinucleate microspore stage, respectively. two cdnas (yy1 and yy2), representing genes that are specifically expressed in anthers at the uninucleate microspore stage, were isolated and characterized. yy1 cdna encoded an ... | 1996 | 8704128 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a cdna for the beta subunit of a g protein from rice. | we isolated a cdna for the beta subunit of a heterotrimeric g protein from rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare). the amino acid sequence deduced from the cdna was 76% an 94% homologus to the sequences of the beta subunits from arabidopsis and maize (ag beta 1 and zg beta 1), respectively. | 1996 | 8665097 |
| export of β-1,3-glucanase from mutant rice cells rechallenged and stressed with lysine plus threonine. | mutant rice cells (oryza sativa l.) grown in liquid suspension cultures exported greater quantities of protein and β-glucanases than controls. these mutants were isolated from anther calli resistant to 1 mm lysine plus threonine (lt), regenerated and reestablished as cell suspension cultures from seeds. cellular protein levels are genetically conditioned, and the levels of extracellular proteins and enzyme activities are inversely related to that of the cellular portions. the rechallenge of cell ... | 1996 | 24166174 |
| identification of qtls affecting traits of agronomic importance in a recombinant inbred population derived from a subspecific rice cross. | to detect qtls controlling traits of agronomic importance in rice, two elite homozygous lines 9024 and lh422, which represent the indica and japonica subspecies of rice (oryza sativa), were crossed. subsequently a modified single-seed-descent procedure was employed to produce 194 recombinant inbred lines (f8). the 194 lines were genotyped at 141 rflp marker loci and evaluated in a field trial for 13 quantitative traits including grain yield. transgressive segregants were observed for all traits ... | 1996 | 24166172 |
| two new loci for hybrid sterility in cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.). | female gamete abortion in indica-japonica crosses of rice was earlier identified to be due to an allelic interaction at the s-5 locus on chromosome 6. recently, in other crosses of rice, similar allelic interactions were found at loci designated as s-7 and s-8, located on chromosomes 7 and 6 respectively. all of them are independent of each other. at the s-5 locus, indica and japonica rice have s-5 (i) and s-5 (j) alleles respectively and javanicas, such as ketan nangka, have a neutral allele s- ... | 1996 | 24166167 |
| diauxic growth in rice suspension cells grown on mixed carbon sources of acetate and glucose. | diauxic growth was observed in rice (oryza sativa l.) suspension cells growing on acetate (10 mm) and glucose (10 mm). cells used acetate during the first growth phase and the acetate level in the medium was rapidly decreased, whereas the level of glucose remained essentially unchanged. after acetate was depleted from the medium, cells started to use glucose, forming the second growth phase. it appears that uptake of [14c]glucose was repressed during the first growth phase and became active duri ... | 1996 | 12226198 |
| involvement of jasmonic acid in elicitor-induced phytoalexin production in suspension-cultured rice cells. | it has been suggested that jasmonic acid (ja) could be an integral part of a general signal transduction system regulating inducible defense genes in plants. it was reported that treatment with an elicitor (n-acetylchitoheptaose) induced production of phytoalexin in suspension-cultured rice (oryza sativa l.) cells. in this study, the role of ja in the induction of phytoalexin production by n-acetylchitoheptaose was investigated. exogenously applied ([plus or minus])-ja (10-4 m) clearly induced t ... | 1996 | 12226190 |
| isolation of a thiamine-binding protein from rice germ and distribution of similar proteins. | a thiamine-binding protein was purified from rice germ (oryza sativa l.) by extraction, salting-out with ammonium sulfate, and column chromatography. from the results of molecular mass, kd and bmax values for thiamine-binding, binding specificity for thiamine phosphates and analog, the protein was suggested to be identical to the thiamine-binding protein in rice bran. the thiamine-binding protein w as more efficiently purified from rice germ than from rice bran. the protein was rich in glutamic ... | 1996 | 27299548 |
| additive and antagonistic effects of ozone and salinity on the growth, ion contents and gas exchange of five varieties of rice (oryza sativa l.). | five varieties of rice (oryza sativa l.) of varying salinity resistance were grown in non-saline and in saline conditions, with and without a repeated exposure to ozone at a concentration of 83 nmol mol(-1) giving an aot40 (cumulative exposure above 40 nmol mol(-1)) of 3600 nmol mol(-1) h. salinity caused a substantial reduction in shoot and root dry weight in all varieties, but the effect on root growth was proportionately less than on shoot growth. ozone reduced root dry weight but the treatme ... | 1996 | 15091377 |
| expression of a late embryogenesis abundant protein gene, hva1, from barley confers tolerance to water deficit and salt stress in transgenic rice. | a late embryogenesis abundant (lea) protein gene, hva1, from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) was introduced into rice suspension cells using the biolistic-mediated transformation method, and a large number of independent transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.) plants were generated. expression of the barley hva1 gene regulated by the rice actin 1 gene promoter led to high-level, constitutive accumulation of the hva1 protein in both leaves and roots of transgenic rice plants. second-generation transgenic r ... | 1996 | 12226181 |
| coordinated regulation of the genes participating in starch biosynthesis by the rice floury-2 locus. | the recessive floury-2 (flo-2) locus of rice (oryza sativa l.), which is located on chromosome 4, causes a strong reduction in expression of the gene encoding an isoform of branching enzyme rbe1 in immature seeds 10 d after flowering. mapping of the rbe1 gene demonstrated the localization on rice chromosome 6, suggesting that the wild-type floury-2 (flo-2) gene regulates rbe1 gene expression in trans. however, reduced expression of the genes encoding some other starch-synthesizing enzymes, inclu ... | 1996 | 12226172 |
| novel dna probes capable of discriminating indica and japonica rice cultivars. | we obtained two dna clones, g93 (1.6kb) and g318 (1.7kb) from indica rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivar culture 340. southern hybridization analysis indicated that both dna probes hybridized with dna of indica cultivars but not with japonica cultivars. some javanica cultivars dnas did not hybridize with these probes. nucleotide sequence (400bp) of a part of g93 showed a 65.8% g + c content. these novel dna probes can be used for the study of evolutional fingerprinting of rice cultivars. | 1996 | 8988367 |
| genomic structure of the rice aldolase isozyme c-1 gene and its regulation through a ca 2+ -mediated protein kinase-phosphatase pathway. | complementary and genomic dna clones coding for aldolase c-1, the fourth-type isozyme of aldolase in rice oryza sativa l., have been characterized. the organization of the gene is quite similar to those encoding rice aldolase c-a and a maize cytoplasmic-type aldolase, in that introns are located in the same position. amino acid sequences are highly conserved among cytoplasmic aldolases in plants. expression of the gene in rice callus is activated by a protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid, ... | 1996 | 8616263 |
| morphometric analysis of rice seed protein bodies (implication for a significant contribution of prolamine to the total protein content of rice endosperm). | electron microscopic observation of thin sections of rice (oryza sativa l.) endosperm revealed two types of protein bodies (pbs): spherical and irregular-shaped ones. immunocytochemical localization studies using antibodies raised against purified glutelins, prolamines, and globulins indicated that the prolamines were localized in the spherical pb, whereas the irregular-shaped pb contained glutelins and globulins. we counted and measured the surface area and the relative volume of 2303 pbs rando ... | 1995 | 12228685 |
| mitochondrial plasmid-like dnas of the b1 family in the genus oryza: sequence heterogeneity and evolution. | four kinds of circular plasmid-like dna, designated b1, b2, b3 and b4, have been found in the mitochondria of oryza sativa l. with an aa genome. three novel b1-homologous mitochondrial plasmid-like dnas, designated, m1, m2 and m3, were isolated in the present study from strains with cc and ccdd genomes in the genus oryza. we cloned and sequenced these dnas and found that the sequences of these molecules have wide regions of homology. b1, m2 and m3 each lack about 300 bp of a region that is prese ... | 1995 | 8790446 |
| genomic organization of 57 ribosomal protein genes in rice (oryza sativa l.) through rflp mapping. | four hundred cdna clones from rice (oryza sativa l.) callus and root cdna libraries, with a high similarity to about 70 kinds of ribosomal proteins (r-protein) in eukaryotic as well as procaryotic organisms, were identified by their deduced amino acid sequences. southern hybridization of 114 independent cdna clones with total rice genomic dna showed 77 distinct and specific hybridization patterns. of the 77 clones representing the above hybridization patterns, copies of 67 clones corresponding t ... | 1995 | 8654915 |
| frequency of microsatellite sequences in rice (oryza sativa l.). | this study was undertaken to estimate the relative frequencies of 13 microsatellite motifs in the rice genome as a basis for efficient development of a microsatellite map. two dinucleotide, seven trinucleotide, and four tetranucleotide repeat motifs were end labelled and used as hybridization probes to screen genomic and cdna libraries of rice, cv. ir36. optimal washing temperatures for identification of clones containing specific microsatellite motifs were estimated based on washing temperature ... | 1995 | 8654913 |
| inhibition of gibberellin-induced elongation growth of rice by feruloyl oligosaccharides. | the biological activity of cell wall-derived feruloyl oligosaccharides was investigated using a modified micro-drop bioassay. a feruloyl arabinoxylan trisaccharide (faxx) and a feruloyl arabinoxylan tetrasaccharide (faxxx) were found to inhibit the gibberellin-induced elongation of dwarf rice (oryza sativa l., cv, tan-ginbozu) that had been treated with uniconazole (s-3307), an inhibitor of the biosynthesis of gibberellins. an arabinoxylan trisaccharide (axx) was ineffective. the growth-inhibito ... | 1995 | 8589928 |
| an integration of photosynthetic traits and mechanisms that can increase crop photosynthesis and grain production. | the hypothesis we propose is that during photosynthesis the balance between potentially detrimental and beneficial photochemically induced events can be tipped beneficially toward increased photosynthesis and toward increased crop yield. to test this hypothesis a procedure has been devised with the rice plant, oryza sativa, that has resulted in increasing both canopy photosynthesis and rice grain yield. two elite rice varieties selected independently in the contrasting environments of either sou ... | 1995 | 24301579 |
| tagging and mapping the thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile gene in rice (oryza sativa l.) with molecular markers. | the thermo-sensititve genic male-sterile (tgms) gene in rice can alter fertility in response to temperature and is useful in the two-line system of hybrid rice production. however, little is known about the tgms gene at the molecular level. the objective of this study was to identify molecular markers tightly linked with the tgms gene and to map the gene onto a specific rice chromosome. bulked segregant analysis of an f2 population from 5460s (a tgms mutant line) x 'hong wan 52' was used to iden ... | 1995 | 24170005 |
| the bean seed storage protein [beta]-phaseolin is synthesized, processed, and accumulated in the vacuolar type-ii protein bodies of transgenic rice endosperm. | the seed storage protein [beta]-phaseolin of the common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) was expressed in the endosperm of transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.) plants. the 5.1- or 1.8-kb promoter fragment of the rice seed storage protein glutelin gt1 gene was fused transcriptionally to either the genomic or cdna coding sequence of the [beta]-phaseolin gene. the highest quantity of phaseolin estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was 4.0% of the total endosperm protein in the transgenic rice see ... | 1995 | 12228632 |
| photoperiod shift effects on yield characteristics of rice. | edible yield must be maximized for each crop species selected for inclusion in the controlled ecological life-support system (celss) proposed by nasa to support long-term manned space missions. in a greenhouse study aimed at increasing biomass partitioning to rice (oryza sativa l.) grain, plants of the high yielding semi-dwarf rice cultivar ai-nan-tsao were started in pots under 8-h photoperiods at a density of 212 plants m-2. after different periods of time under 8-h photoperiods, pots were swi ... | 2016 | 11540306 |
| expression of functional oat phytochrome a in transgenic rice. | to investigate the biological functions of phytochromes in monocots, we generated, by electric discharge particle bombardment, transgenic rice (oryza sativa cv gulfmont) that constitutively expresses the oat phytochrome a apoprotein. the introduced 124-kd polypeptide bound chromophore and assembled into a red- and far-red-light-photoreversible chromoprotein with absorbance spectra indistinguishable from those of phytochrome purified from etiolated oats. transgenic lines expressed up to 3 and 4 t ... | 1995 | 8552709 |
| cloning and nucleotide sequence of a leaf ferredoxin-nitrite reductase cdna of rice. | a ferredoxin-nitrite reductase (ec 1.7.7.1) cdna was isolated and sequenced from a lambda gt 11 cdna library constructed from nitrate-induced greening shoots of rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings. the nucleotide sequence of the cdna clone contains an open reading frame of 1788 nucleotides. there exists a strong bias for the third codon usage of g/c (95.5%) as in the case of the maize enzyme. the deduced amino acid sequence shows an overall homology to the maize (81%) and the dicot enzymes (70-74%) ... | 1995 | 8541663 |
| a gibberellin-stimulated ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme gene is involved in alpha-amylase gene expression in rice aleurone. | a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (ubc) gene, induced by gibberellin (ga) within an hour, was identified in rice (oryza sativa) seeds by the mrna differential display technique. ga inducibility was confirmed by rna hybridization. a full-length ubc cdna clone and a genomic clone have been isolated and sequenced. the deduced amino acid sequence shares a significant identity with several known ubc sequences, which are probably involved in the pathway responsible for degrading short-lived regulatory pr ... | 1995 | 8541504 |
| analysis of randomly isolated cdnas from developing endosperm of rice (oryza sativa l.): evaluation of expressed sequence tags, and expression levels of mrnas. | using a cdna library prepared from poly(a)+ rna from 10-day-old rice endosperm, partial nucleotide sequences of randomly isolated clones were analyzed. a total of 153 (30.6%) out of 500 cdna clones showed high amino acid identity to previously identified genes. there was significant redundancy in cdnas encoding prolamine and glutelin. about 21.0% of the cdna clones were found to code for seed storage protein genes. consequently, 37 independent genes were identified. using cdna clones encoding gl ... | 1995 | 8541495 |
| purification and properties of oryza sativa cu-zn superoxide dismutase. | superoxide dismutase has been purified to homogeneity from oryza sativa germinated seeds growth in the dark. the purified enzyme contained two electrophoretically distinct bands on continuous gel electrophoresis or analytical gel electrofocusing. sds-page showed a single band of an m(r) 15000 while gel chromatography on sephadex g 100 showed a single peak of an m(r) 32000. it contained two cu and two zn ions. the spectra of ultraviolet and visible regions were similar to those of cu-zn mammalian ... | 1996 | 8784923 |
| isolation of mammalian pol beta type dna polymerase in shoot tips of germinated seedlings of ir-8 rice (oryza sativa l.). | a single polypeptide of approx. 67 kda mol.wt. with dna polymerase activity has been chromatographically purified from shoot tips of 72 hr. grown germinated seedlings of rice (oryza sativa.l.cv ir-8). an approx. 4800 fold enrichment of specific activity was measured by the incorporation of 3h-dtmp into trichloroacetic acid insoluble fraction, using activated calf thymus dna as template-primer. the enzyme uses different types of dna but not rna as a template. the enzyme requires mg+2, high kcl, a ... | 1996 | 8799334 |
| mechanism of safening action of dymuron and its two monomethyl analogues against bensulfuron-methyl injury to rice (oryza sativa) | the comparative efficacy and mechanism of action of the herbicide dymuron and its two optically active monomethyl analogues, (r)-1-(alpha-methylbenzyl)-3-(p-tolylurea) (r-mbtu) and s-mbtu, as safeners of rice against injury from bensulfuron-methyl were investigated. bioassays using etiolated seedlings of rice (oryza sativa l., cv. lemont), grown either in agar or in liquid media containing bensulfuron-methyl, showed that this sulfonylurea herbicide is a potent inhibitor of rice root growth (i50 ... | 1996 | 8980030 |
| neighboring base composition and transversion/transition bias in a comparison of rice and maize chloroplast noncoding regions. | the correspondence between the transversion/transition ratio and the neighboring base composition in chloroplast dna is examined. for 18 noncoding regions of the chloroplast genome, alignments between rice (oryza sativa) and maize (zea mays) were generated by two different methods. difficulties of aligning noncoding dna are discussed, and the alignments are analyzed in a manner that reduces alignment artifacts. sequence divergence is < 10%, so multiple substitutions at a site are assumed to be r ... | 1995 | 7568204 |
| a rapid method to monitor dna precipitation onto microcarriers before particle bombardment. | the binding or precipitation of dna onto gold or tungsten microcarriers represents one of the most crucial steps for gene transfer via the particle bombardment process. we have developed a simple and rapid method to monitor dna precipitation onto microcarriers before delivery to intact cells or tissues. binding of dna constructs to different microcarriers was evaluated with relative fluorescence values using a dedicated fluorometer. significantly greater precipitation was detected using gold vs. ... | 1995 | 24186715 |
| polymorphic distribution and molecular diversification of mitochondrial plasmid-like dnas in the genus oryza. | four kinds of circular plasmid-like dna, designated b1, b2, b3 and b4, have been found in the mitochondria of rice (oryza sativa l.). we analyzed the distribution of families of plasmid-like dnas homologous to those of o. sativa in 40 strains of the genus oryza with aa, bb, bbcc, cc, ccdd and ee genomes. plasmid-like dnas were observed only strains having aa, cc and ccdd genomes. the distribution patterns of strains with aa genome were highly polymorphic. we amplified the plasmid-like dnas from ... | 1995 | 8527166 |
| identification and gene expression of anaerobically induced enolase in echinochloa phyllopogon and echinochloa crus-pavonis. | enolase (2-phospho-d-glycerate hydrolase, ec 4.2.1.11) has been identified as an anaerobic stress protein in echinochloa oryzoides based on the homology of its internal amino acid sequence with those of enolases from other organisms, by immunological reactivity, and induction of catalytic activity during anaerobic stress. enolase activity was induced 5-fold in anoxically treated seedlings of three flood-tolerant species (e. oryzoides, echinochloa phyllopogon, and rice [oryza sativa l.]) but not ... | 1995 | 7480340 |
| complete sequence of the maize chloroplast genome: gene content, hotspots of divergence and fine tuning of genetic information by transcript editing. | the nucleotide sequence of the chloroplast (cp) dna from maize (zea mays) has been completed. the circular double-stranded dna, which consists of 140,387 base-pairs, contains a pair of inverted repeat regions (ira and irb) with 22,748 base-pairs each, which are separated by a small and a large single copy region (ssc and lsc) of 12,536 and 82,355 base-pairs, respectively. the gene content and the relative positions of a total of 104 genes (70 peptide-encoding genes, 30 trna genes and four rrna g ... | 1995 | 7666415 |
| plant regeneration from rice (oryza sativa l.) embryogenic suspension cells cryopreserved by vitrification. | rice cells were precultured for 10 d in medium containing 60 g/l sucrose and subsequently for 1 d in medium supplemented with 0. 4 m sorbitol. after loading with 25%pvs2 at 22°c for 10 min and dehydration in 100%pvs2 at 0°c for 7. 5 min,they were plunged into liquid nitrogen directly. survival was 45. 0 ±5.1% (based on the reduction of triphenyl tetrazolium chloride)following warming and unloading. for regrowth, cells were plated on semi-solid medium replenished with 40%(w/v) starch for 2d prior ... | 1995 | 24186632 |
| efficient plant regeneration from long-term callus cultures of rice by spermidine. | a significant reduction in regeneration potential with increasing age (upto 12months) in rice (oryza sativa l. cv.tn-1) embryogenic callus cultures was observed. spermidine, while having an inhibitory effect on plant regeneration in fresh callus cultures, promoted morphogenesis in long-term callus cultures. a massive accumulation of polyamines, particularly putrescine (5-fold) was observed in 12 month old cultures resulting in a change of putrescine /spermidine ratio, which seems to be important ... | 1995 | 24186629 |
| genetic variation detected by dna fingerprinting with a rice minisatellite probe in oryza sativa l. | a rice minisatellite probe detecting dna fingerprints was used to assess genetic variation in cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.). fifty-seven cultivars of rice, including 40 closely related cultivars released in the us, were studied. rice dna fingerprinting revealed high levels of polymorphism among distantly related cultivars. the variability of fingerprinting pattern was reduced in the closely related cultivars. a genetic similarity index (s) was computed based on shared fragments between each ... | 1995 | 24169839 |
| aneuhaploids and tetrasomics in rice (oryza sativa l.) derived from anther culture of trisomics. | eight types of aneuhaploids (aneuhaplo 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12) and eight types of tetrasomics (tetraplo 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 12) of rice have been obtained from anther culture of trisomics. this paper reports the plant morphology of these aneuploids and their chromosome behavior at metaphase i. aneuhaploids for different chromosomes are distinguishable from each other and are morphologically similar to the parental trisomics, suggesting that the extra chromosome has similar genetic e ... | 1995 | 18470197 |