| targeted analysis of orthologous phytochrome a regions of the sorghum, maize, and rice genomes using comparative gene-island sequencing. | a "gene-island" sequencing strategy has been developed that expedites the targeted acquisition of orthologous gene sequences from related species for comparative genome analysis. a 152-kb bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) clone from sorghum (sorghum bicolor) encoding phytochrome a (phya) was fully sequenced, revealing 16 open reading frames with a gene density similar to many regions of the rice (oryza sativa) genome. the sequences of genes in the orthologous region of the maize (zea mays) a ... | 2002 | 12481045 |
| purification and characterization of lipoxygenase from aromatic and non-aromatic rice (oryza sativa l.). | lipoxygenase (lox) has been extensively purified from aromatic (bas-370) and non-aromatic (pusa-834) rice varieties. crude isolates of lox from the aromatic varieties (bas-370 and pb-1) showed higher specific activity (4-fold) when compared to non-aromatic varieties (pusa-677 and pusa-834). the activity was optimum at ph 8.0 in all four varieties. anionic page of lox from three days old seedlings revealed one extra band (rm 0.48) in aromatic varieties, besides the presence of a major band (rm 0. ... | 2002 | 22905398 |
| dyneins motor on in plants. | a recent report based on analysis of the arabidopsis genome suggested that angiosperms do not contain the dynein microtubule motor. however, examination of the whole genome shotgun sequence for rice (oryza sativa) has revealed that four dynein heavy chains are present in this monocot, indicating that the apparent lack of these sequences in arabidopsis is not a general feature of angiosperm genomic organization. these observations also suggest that, in contrast to an earlier proposal, flowering p ... | 2002 | 12453155 |
| sequence and analysis of rice chromosome 4. | rice is the principal food for over half of the population of the world. with its genome size of 430 megabase pairs (mb), the cultivated rice species oryza sativa is a model plant for genome research. here we report the sequence analysis of chromosome 4 of o. sativa, one of the first two rice chromosomes to be sequenced completely. the finished sequence spans 34.6 mb and represents 97.3% of the chromosome. in addition, we report the longest known sequence for a plant centromere, a completely seq ... | 2002 | 12447439 |
| functional conservation of wheat and rice mlo orthologs in defense modulation to the powdery mildew fungus. | homologs of barley mlo are found in syntenic positions in all three genomes of hexaploid bread wheat, triticum aestivum, and in rice, oryza sativa. candidate wheat orthologs, designated tamlo-a1, tamlo-b1, and tamlo-d1, encode three distinct but highly related proteins that are 88% identical to barley mlo and appear to originate from the three diploid ancestral genomes of wheat. tamlo-b1 and the rice ortholog, osmlo2, are able to complement powdery mildew-resistant barley mlo mutants at the sing ... | 2002 | 12437305 |
| expression of alpha-expansin and expansin-like genes in deepwater rice. | previously, we have studied the expression and regulation of four alpha- and 14 beta-expansin genes in deepwater rice (oryza sativa). we now report on the structure, expression, and regulation of 22 additional alpha-expansin (os-exp) genes, four expansin-like (os-expl) genes, and one expansin-related (os-expr) gene, which have recently been identified in the expressed sequence tag and genomic databases of rice. alpha-expansins are characterized by a series of conserved cys residues in the n-term ... | 2002 | 12428004 |
| isolation and characterization of a rice dwarf mutant with a defect in brassinosteroid biosynthesis. | we have isolated a new recessive dwarf mutant of rice (oryza sativa l. cv nipponbare). under normal growth conditions, the mutant has very short leaf sheaths; has short, curled, and frizzled leaf blades; has few tillers; and is sterile. longitudinal sections of the leaf sheaths revealed that the cell length along the longitudinal axis is reduced, which explains the short leaf sheaths. transverse sections of the leaf blades revealed enlargement of the motor cells along the dorsal-ventral axis, wh ... | 2002 | 12427982 |
| salt-tolerant atpase activity in the plasma membrane of the marine angiosperm zostera marina l. | plasma membrane (pm) h(+)-atpase and h(+) transport activity were detected in pm fractions prepared from zostera marina (a seagrass), vallisneria gigantea (a freshwater grass) and oryza sativa (rice, a terrestrial plant). the properties of z. marina pm h(+)-atpase, specifically, the optimal ph for atpase activity and the result of trypsin treatment, were similar to those of authentic pm h(+)-atpases in higher plants. in v. gigantea and o. sativa pm fractions, vanadate-sensitive (p-type) atpase a ... | 2002 | 12407193 |
| [effect of enhanced uv-b radiation on polyamine metabolism and endogenous hormone contents in rice (oryza sativa l.)]. | the results showed that the activities of agrinine decarboxylase(adc), ornithine decarboxylase(odc) and s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase(samdc) were increased by 165.74%, 104.60% and 89.60% in the leaves of shan you63(sy63) and by 59.91%, 41.30% and 23.68% in the leaves of nancheum(nc). only adc and odc activities were increase by 115.93%, 14.45%, but samdc activity was decreased by 33.01% in the leaves of ir65600-85 respectively in the exposure to enhanced uv-b radiation for 7-14 days. in lat ... | 2002 | 12385208 |
| tagging qtls for maximum root length in rainfed lowland rice (oryza sativa l.) using molecular markers. | a number of morphological, physiological and phenological traits are known to improve the performance of rice challenged by drought. root morphological traits and stress-induced response form important components of drought tolerance. enhancing grain yield remains the principal objective of most breeding programs. interaction between primary traits poses a formidable challenge while dealing with grain yield under stress. the evaluation of root morphology at three different growth stages and grai ... | 2002 | 12378237 |
| long-term fate of the herbicide cinosulfuron in lysimeters planted with rice over four consecutive years. | in order to elucidate the long-term fate of the sulfonylurea herbicide cinosulfuron, the 14c-labelled chemical was applied to a clay loam soil, encased in two lysimeters, 22 days after rice (oryza sativa l.) transplanting, and rice plants were grown for four consecutive years. throughout the experimental period, leaching through soil profiles, absorption and translocation by rice plants, and distribution of 14c by downward movement in the soil layers were clarified. the total volume of leachates ... | 2002 | 12375864 |
| long terminal repeat retrotransposons of oryza sativa. | long terminal repeat (ltr) retrotransposons constitute a major fraction of the genomes of higher plants. for example, retrotransposons comprise more than 50% of the maize genome and more than 90% of the wheat genome. ltr retrotransposons are believed to have contributed significantly to the evolution of genome structure and function. the genome sequencing of selected experimental and agriculturally important species is providing an unprecedented opportunity to view the patterns of variation exis ... | 2002 | 12372141 |
| proteomic characterization of wheat amyloplasts using identification of proteins by tandem mass spectrometry. | we describe the initial characterization of the wheat amyloplast proteome, consisting of the identification and classification of 171 proteins. whole amyloplasts and purified amyloplast membranes were prepared from wheat (triticum aestivum). protein extracts were examined by one-dimensional and two-dimensional electrophoresis, followed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of separated proteins. tandem mass spectrometry data of individual peptides was then searched b ... | 2002 | 12362334 |
| proteomic analysis of rice leaves during drought stress and recovery. | three-week old plants of rice (oryza sativa l. cv ct9993 and cv ir62266) developed gradual water stress over 23 days of transpiration without watering, during which period the mid-day leaf water potential declined to approximately -2.4 mpa, compared with approximately -1.0 mpa in well-watered controls. more than 1000 protein spots that were detected in leaf extracts by proteomic analysis showed reproducible abundance within replications. of these proteins, 42 spots showed a significant change in ... | 2002 | 12362332 |
| phenylboronic acid--a potent inhibitor of lipase from oryza sativa. | the kinetics of inhibition of rice bran lipase (rbl) by phenylboronic acid (pba) was studied to elucidate the nature of inhibition and the effect of the inhibitor on the structure-function of rbl. the effectiveness of an inhibitor is normally expressed by the constant k(i), which is calculated from the lineweaver-burk plot and found to be 1.7 mm at ph 7.4. the kinetics of inhibition by pba was competitive, indicating the presence of serine in the active site of the enzyme. the loss of activity o ... | 2002 | 12358477 |
| physiological functions of the water-water cycle (mehler reaction) and the cyclic electron flow around psi in rice leaves. | changes in chlorophyll fluorescence, p700(+)-absorbance and gas exchange during the induction phase and steady state of photosynthesis were simultaneously examined in rice (oryza sativa l.), including the rbcs antisense plants. the quantum yield of photosystem ii (phipsii) increased more rapidly than co(2) assimilation in 20% o(2). this rapid increase in phipsii resulted from the electron flux through the water-water cycle (wwc) because of its dependency on o(2). the electron flux of wwc reached ... | 2002 | 12354919 |
| protective role of exogenous polyamines on salinity-stressed rice (oryza sativa) plants. | salt-tolerant pokkali rice plants accumulate higher polyamines (pas) such as spermidine (spd) and spermine (spm) in response to salinity stress, while the sensitive cultivarm-1-48 is unable to maintain high titres of these pas under similar conditions. the effects of the triamine spd and the tetramine spm on physiological and biochemical changes in 12-day-old rice seedlings were investigated during salinity stress to determine whether they could protect the sensitive plants from stress effects. ... | 2002 | 12354195 |
| marker-assisted introgression of quantitative trait loci associated with plant regeneration ability in anther culture of rice (oryza sativa l.). | a marker-assisted selection (mas) breeding program was used to improve the plant regenerability of indica rice. a significant quantitative trait loci (qtl) that is associated with the capacity for green plant regeneration in the anther culture of rice was mapped on chromosome 10 using recombinant inbred (ri) population from milyang 23/gihobyeo. the marker that was chosen to follow the qtl region was used in mas. this marker co-segregated with the regeneration ability in f2 individuals that were ... | 2002 | 12243348 |
| characterization of transposable elements in the genome of rice (oryza sativa l.) using representational difference analysis (rda). | representational difference analysis was applied to characterize genomic differentiations between rice ( oryza sativa) and foxtail millet ( setaria italica) and subsequently to identify rice transposable elements. rice was used as the tester and millet as the driver. a total of eleven, non-redundant, positive clones were isolated from the library. their analysis revealed that they all represent dispersed repetitive dna sequences. in addition, homology searches using the blast procedure showed th ... | 2002 | 12242506 |
| characterization of dna polymerase delta from a higher plant, rice (oryza sativa l.). | dna polymerase delta (pol delta), which is comprised of at least two essential subunits, is an important enzyme involved in dna replication and repair. we have cloned and characterized both the catalytic and small subunits of pol delta from rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare). the open reading frames of ospoldelta1 and delta2 encoded a predicted product of 1105 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 124 kda for ospoldelta1, and of 429 residues with a molecular weight of 48 kda for ospo ... | 2002 | 12242007 |
| identification and characterization of a novel u14 small nucleolar rna gene cluster in oryza sativa. | small nucleolar rnas (snornas) are required for ribose 2'-o-methylation of eukaryotic ribosomal rna. through computer search in international rice genome database, a novel u14 snorna gene cluster, consisting of two u14 snorna gene candidates, was found on rice chromosome ii. they both have box c/d sequences and a 14 nucleotides (nt)-long complementarity to rice 18s ribosomal rna (rrna). functional analysis of this gene cluster indicated that both were transcribed in vivo and might guide the meth ... | 2002 | 12234680 |
| correlation of cytokinin levels in the endosperms and roots with cell number and cell division activity during endosperm development in rice. | cell number and cell division activity in rice (oryza sativa) endosperms are possibly regulated by cytokinin levels in the endosperm and its source in the roots. this study tried to find the possible correlations among them. six rice genotypes were grown in nutrient solution. two patterns of endosperm cell division, synchronous and asynchronous, were observed among the genotypes based on the cell division rate of superior and inferior spikelets. contents of zeatin (z) + zeatin riboside (zr) were ... | 2002 | 12234149 |
| physical and kinetic evidence for an association between sucrose-phosphate synthase and sucrose-phosphate phosphatase. | the possible formation of a multienzyme complex between sucrose (suc)-phosphate synthase (sps) and suc-phosphate phosphatase (spp) was examined by measuring the rates of suc-6-phosphate (suc-6-p) synthesis and hydrolysis in mixing experiments with partially purified enzymes from spinach (spinacia oleracea) and rice (oryza sativa) leaves. the addition of spp to sps stimulated the rate of suc-6-p synthesis. sps inhibited the hydrolysis of exogenous suc-6-p by spp when added in the absence of its s ... | 1997 | 12223802 |
| growth and n allocation in rice plants under co2 enrichment. | the effects of co2 enrichment on growth and n allocation of rice (oryza sativa l.) were examined. the plants were grown hydroponically in growth chambers with a 14-h photoperiod (1000 [mu]mol quanta m-2 s-1) and a day/night temperature of 25/20[deg]c. from the 28th to 70th d after germination, the plants were exposed to two co2 partial pressures, namely 36 and 100 pa. the co2 enrichment increased the final biomass, but this was caused by a stimulation of the growth rate during the first week of ... | 1997 | 12223800 |
| the effect of elevated partial pressures of co2 on the relationship between photosynthetic capacity and n content in rice leaves. | the effects of growth co2 levels on the photosynthetic rates; the amounts of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco), chlorophyll (chl), and cytochrome f; sucrose phosphate synthase activity; and total n content were examined in young, fully expanded leaves of rice (oryza sativa l.). the plants were grown hydroponically under two co2 partial pressures of 36 and 100 pa at three n concentrations. the light-saturated photosynthesis at 36 pa co2 was lower in the plants grown in 100 pa co2 th ... | 1997 | 12223799 |
| effects of osmoprotectants upon nacl stress in rice. | plants accumulate a number of osmoprotective substances in response to nacl stress, one of them being proline (pro). while characterizing some of the changes in solute accumulation in nacl-stressed rice (oryza sativa l.), we identified several other potential osmoprotectants. one such substance, trehalose, begins to accumulate in small amounts in roots after 3 d. we performed a series of experiments to compare the effects of pro and trehalose on ion accumulation to determine whether the two chem ... | 1997 | 12223797 |
| accelerated early growth of rice at elevated co2 (is it related to developmental changes in the shoot apex?). | the influence of elevated co2 on the development of the shoot apex and on subsequent vegetative growth and grain yield was investigated using rice (oryza sativa l. cv jarrah) grown in flooded soil at either 350 or 700 [mu]l co2 l-1. at 8 d after planting (dap), elevated co2 increased the height and diameter of the apical dome and lengths of leaf primordia and tiller buds but had no effect on their numbers. by 16 dap, there were five tiller buds in the apex at 700 [mu]l co2 l-1 compared with only ... | 1997 | 12223789 |
| a single nucleotide polymorphism in the alternative oxidase gene among rice varieties differing in low temperature tolerance. | alternative oxidase (aox) is encoded in a multigene family, and multiple isoforms have been observed in various plant species. we found for the first time an allelic variation in the same aox locus. on sds-gel blots of callus protein of rice (oryza sativa l.), varieties without the qtl for low temperature tolerance showed a 32-kda aox band, whereas those with the qtl showed a 34-kda band. the variation was attributed to the substitution of lys(71) for asn(71) caused by a single nucleotide polymo ... | 2002 | 12220657 |
| genome sequencing of a 239-kb region of rice chromosome 10l reveals a high frequency of gene duplication and a large chloroplast dna insertion. | in this study we describe a 239-kb region on the long arm of rice chromosome 10 that contains a high density (71%) of locally duplicated genes, including 24 copies of a glutathione s-transferase gene. intriguingly, embedded within this cluster is a large insertion (approximately 33 kb) of rice (oryza sativa) chloroplast dna that is derived from two separate regions of the chloroplast genome. we used dna fiber-based fluorescence in situ hybridization (fiber-fish) analyses of o. sativa spp. japoni ... | 2002 | 12207219 |
| gsh-dependent peroxidase activity of the rice (oryza sativa) glutaredoxin, a thioltransferase. | glutaredoxin (grx) is a 12-kda thioltransferase that reduces disulfide bonds of other proteins and maintains the redox potential of cells. in addition to its oxidoreductase activity, we report here that a rice grx (osgrx) can also function as a gsh-dependent peroxidase. because of this antioxidant activity, osgrx protects glutamine synthetase from oxidative damage. individually replacing the conserved cys residues in osgrx with ser shows that cys(23), but not cys(26), is essential for the thiolt ... | 2002 | 12207894 |
| developmental behavior of gene expression for brown rice thickness under different environments. | the dynamic changes of genetic effects, including main effects, and genotype x environment (ge) interaction effects on brown rice thickness (brt) across environments were investigated by using the developmental genetic models. seven cytoplasmic male sterile lines of indica rice (oryza sativa l.) as females and five restoring lines as males were used in a factorial design to produce grains of f(1)s and f(2)s in two environments (years) for developmental genetic analysis. the results indicate that ... | 2002 | 12203916 |
| proteome analysis of differentially displayed proteins as a tool for investigating ozone stress in rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings. | employing classical two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-de), amino acid sequencing and immunoblot analysis, we examine for the first time the effect of ozone, a highly notorious environmental pollutant, on rice seedling proteins. drastic visible necrotic damage to leaf by ozone and consequent increase in ascorbate peroxidase protein(s) was accompanied by rapid changes in the 2-de protein profiles, over controls. out of a total of 56 proteins investigated, which were reproducible in repeated exper ... | 2002 | 12203890 |
| transcriptional regulation of a rice mitogen-activated protein kinase gene, osmapk4, in response to environmental stresses. | mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades play important roles in signal transduction of extracellular stimuli in eukaryotes. however, stimulatory signals for plant mapks have not been well elucidated. here, a cdna clone, termed oryza sativa mapk4 (osmapk4), from rice encoding a protein that showed homology with the eukaryotic mapks was isolated. according to the phylogenetic analysis, osmapk4 belongs to subgroup iv mapk in plants. osmapk4 transcripts were expressed strongly in mature lea ... | 2002 | 12198199 |
| isolation and characterization of triacontanol-regulated genes in rice (oryza sativa l.): possible role of triacontanol as a plant growth stimulator. | triacontanol (tria) is a saturated long-chain alcohol that is known to have a growth promoting activity when exogenously supplied to a number of plants. in this study, dry weight, protein and chlorophyll contents of rice seedlings were increased by foliar application of tria. leaf net photosynthesis rate (pn) was increased very quickly and persistently at a given photon flux density (pfd). the tria-regulated genes in rice were isolated from cdna library by differential screening with probes gene ... | 2002 | 12198189 |
| [genetic variation of main restorer lines of hybrid rice in china was revealed by microsatellite markers]. | a total of thirty-five restorer lines of hybrid rice (oryza sativa l.) were analyzed by twenty-five ssr (simple sequence repeats) primer pairs, which disperse on 12 chromosomes in rice. those primers detected 65 alleles among 35 restorer lines of hybrid rice. per primer pair detected 2.6 alleles on the average. pic (polymorphism index content) values ranged from 0.206 to 0.682. pic value is 0.414 on the average. the result from cluster analysis shows that hybrid rice restorer lines have abundant ... | 2002 | 12182081 |
| [physical mapping of the 45s rdna and 5s rdna to rice prometaphase chromosome]. | rice (oryza sativa l.) is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. the chromosomes of rice are relatively small in size. with the help of fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish), several rice dnas have been localized on rice chromosomes. 45s rdna and 5s rdna are encoding sequences for ribosomal rna synthesis. for detecting the chromosomes related to 45s rdna and 5s rdna, the digoxigenin-dutp labeled probe dna was probed to the prometaphase chromosomes which were prepared from the r ... | 2002 | 12182079 |
| [analysis of gene loci and epistasis for drought tolerance in seedling stage of rice (oryza sativa l.)]. | drought tolerance of rice is important because a considerable proportion of the world rice area is not irrigated and is prone to water deficit. in this study, an indica variety, zhai ye qing 8 (zyq8), and a japonica variety, jing xi 17 (jx17), and their double haploid (dh) population were used for genetic study of drought tolerance. water supply was stopped in seedling period for 15 days and then drought tolerance of the dh population and their parents were investigated. mapping quantitative tra ... | 2002 | 12182078 |
| abscisic acid and cytokinins in the root exudates and leaves and their relationship to senescence and remobilization of carbon reserves in rice subjected to water stress during grain filling. | the possible regulation of senescence-initiated remobilization of carbon reserves in rice (oryza sativa l.) by abscisic acid (aba) and cytokinins was studied using two rice cultivars with high lodging resistance and slow remobilization. the plants were grown in pots and either well-watered (ww, soil water potential = 0 mpa) or water-stressed (ws, soil water potential = -0.05 mpa) from 9 days after anthesis until they reached maturity. leaf water potentials of both cultivars markedly decreased at ... | 2002 | 12172848 |
| quantitative trait loci associated with leaf and neck blast resistance in recombinant inbred line population of rice (oryza sativa). | blast is an economically important disease of rice. to map genes controlling blast resistance, recombinant inbred lines (ril) were developed from khao dawk mali 105, an aromatic, blast-susceptible cultivar and the blast resistance donor, ct 9993-5-10-m (ct). a linkage map encompassing 2112 cm was constructed from 141 rils using 90 restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) and 31 simple sequence repeats (ssr). virulent isolates of blast fungus were identified by screening differential hos ... | 2002 | 12168952 |
| proteomic survey of metabolic pathways in rice. | a systematic proteomic analysis of rice (oryza sativa) leaf, root, and seed tissue using two independent technologies, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by tandem mass spectrometry and multidimensional protein identification technology, allowed the detection and identification of 2,528 unique proteins, which represents the most comprehensive proteome exploration to date. a comparative display of the expression patterns indicated that enzymes involved in central metabolic pathways are ... | 2002 | 12163647 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a novel beta-1,3-glucanase gene from rice. | beta-1,3-glucanases are referred to as pathogenesis-related proteins and they are also involved in several developmental processes. we isolated a cdna for beta-1,3-glucanase from rice anther and named it oryza sativa glucanase 1 (osg1). phylogenetic analysis showed that osg1 belonged to monocotyledonous endo-beta-1,3-glucanase subgroup a. rt-pcr analysis revealed that osg1 transcripts were present in leaves, roots, and anthers. | 2002 | 12162569 |
| molecular and biochemical characterization of a calcium/calmodulin-binding protein kinase from rice. | a ca2+/calmodulin (cam)-binding protein kinase from rice ( oryza sativa ), oscbk, has been characterized that lacks ca2+-binding ef hands and has ca2+/cam-independent autophosphorylation and substrate-phosphorylation activity. oscbk has all 11 subdomains of a kinase catalytic domain and a putative cam-binding domain, and shares high identity with ca2+-dependent-protein-kinase ('cdpk')-related protein kinases in plants. oscbk bound cam in a ca2+-dependent manner as previously reported for ca2+/ca ... | 2002 | 12160464 |
| modulation of proton pumping across proteoliposome membranes reconstituted with tonoplast h(+)-atpase from cultured rice (oryza sativa l. var. boro) cells by acyl steryl glucoside and steryl glucoside. | tonoplast h(+)-atpase purified from cultured rice cells (oryza sativa l. var. boro) was reconstituted into asolectin liposomes containing steryl glucoside (sg) or acyl steryl glucoside (asg), and the effects of sg and asg on proton pumping, atp-hydrolysis activity and proton permeability of the proteoliposome membranes were investigated. in the proteoliposomes containing 10 mol% sg, proton pumping and atp-hydrolysis activity were increased to around 140% of those in sg-free proteoliposomes. in t ... | 2002 | 12154145 |
| phytochrome mediates the external light signal to repress ft orthologs in photoperiodic flowering of rice. | phytochromes confer the photoperiodic control of flowering in rice (oryza sativa), a short-day plant. to better understand the molecular mechanisms of day-length recognition, we examined the interaction between phytochrome signals and circadian clocks in photoperiodic-flowering mutants of rice. monitoring behaviors of circadian clocks revealed that phase setting of circadian clocks is not affected either under short-day (sd) or under long-day (ld) conditions in a phytochrome-deficient mutant tha ... | 2002 | 12154129 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic studies of rice alpha-galactosidase. | alpha-galactosidases catalyze the hydrolysis of galactooligosaccharides and galactopolysaccharides to alpha-galactose residues and are widely distributed in microorganisms, plants and animals. alpha-galactosidase from rice (oryza sativa l. ssp. japonica) was crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. the crystals belong to space group p2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 63.1, b = 71.3, c = 85.6 a, and diffract beyond 1.9 a resolution. | 2002 | 12136160 |
| dasheng: a recently amplified nonautonomous long terminal repeat element that is a major component of pericentromeric regions in rice. | a new and unusual family of ltr elements, dasheng, has been discovered in the genome of oryza sativa following database searches of approximately 100 mb of rice genomic sequence and 78 mb of bac-end sequence information. with all of the cis-elements but none of the coding domains normally associated with retrotransposons (e.g., gag, pol), dasheng is a novel nonautonomous ltr element with high copy number. over half of the approximately 1000 dasheng elements in the rice genome are full length (5. ... | 2002 | 12136031 |
| octadecanoid signaling component "burst" in rice (oryza sativa l.) seedling leaves upon wounding by cut and treatment with fungal elicitor chitosan. | octadecanoid pathway components, 12-oxo-phytodieonic acid (opda) and jasmonic acid (ja), are key biologically active regulators of plant self-defense response(s). however, to date these compounds have been studied mostly in dicots, and used large (1-10 g fresh weight, fw) samples for quantification, even when examined in mature rice plants, which is a drawback considering their rapid responsiveness to stress. focusing on rice--a monocot cereal crop research model--this work describes an efficien ... | 2002 | 12135598 |
| differential susceptibility of photosynthesis to light-chilling stress in rice (oryza sativa l.) depends on the capacity for photochemical dissipation of light. | the primary target for light-chilling stress in chilling-sensitive cucumber leaves is the chloroplast cu,zn-superoxide dismutase, followed by subsequent inactivation of the photosystem (ps) i by reactive oxygen species (ros). to test this hypothesis, two rice cultivars that were different in their ecological origins (a chilling-resistant stejaree 45 and a chilling-sensitive milyang 23) were evaluated with respect to photosynthetic properties, the ros scavenging system, and expression of genes th ... | 2002 | 12132582 |
| rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars tolerant to high temperature at flowering: anther characteristics. | we examined the relationship between morphological characteristics of anthers and fertility in japonica rice cultivars subjected to high temperature (37.5(26 degrees c day/night) at flowering. percentage fertility was negatively correlated with the number of cell layers that separated the anther locule from the lacuna that formed between the septum and the stomium. the cell layers consisted of the remaining septum and degraded tapetum, and serve to keep the adjacent two locules closed. anther de ... | 2002 | 12102523 |
| cloning and characterization of rice (oryza sativa l) telomerase reverse transcriptase, which reveals complex splicing patterns. | plant chromosomes terminate in telomeres as in other eukaryotes. telomeres are vital to genome stability and their malfunctioning is lethal. one of the core components of the telomere complex is telomerase. the enzyme activity depends on rna (ter) and reverse transcriptase (tert) subunits. we describe here the isolation, sequencing and characterization of the telomerase reverse transcriptase catalytic subunit from the monocot plant oryza sativa l. (ostert). a single copy of this gene is present ... | 2002 | 12100484 |
| isolation of novel rice (oryza sativa l.) multiple stress responsive map kinase gene, osmsrmk2, whose mrna accumulates rapidly in response to environmental cues. | in search for components of mapk (mitogen-activated protein kinase) cascades in rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare), we identified a single copy gene called osmsrmk2 from jasmonic acid (ja) treated rice seedling leaf cdna library. this gene has a conserved protein kinase domain, including a mapk family signature, and encodes a 369 amino acid polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 42995.43 and a pi of 5.48. osmsrmk2 did not show constitutive expression in leaves and was induced within 1 ... | 2002 | 12074577 |
| overlapping expression of cytosolic glutamine synthetase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in immature leaf blades of rice. | in order to estimate whether cytosolic glutamine synthetase (gs1; ec 6.3.1.2) is partly coupled to the reaction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal; ec 4.3.1.5) in developing organs of rice (oryza sativa l.), we compared the expression pattern of transcripts and proteins for gs1 and pal in the tissue sections from leaf blades at various stages of development. in immature vascular bundles of unexpanded leaf blades, gs1 mrna was mainly detected in xylem parenchyma cells, mestome-sheath cells, and ... | 2001 | 12060286 |
| a cdpk type protein kinase is involved in rice sps light modulation. | a protein kinase activity that can phosphorylate and inactivate rice (oryza sativa) sucrose-phosphate synthase (sps; udp-glucose: d-fructose-6-phosphate-2-glucosyl transferase, ec 2.4.1.14) was measured in extracts prepared from leaves exposed to light-dark transitions. enzyme activity present in extracts from dark leaves was about 5-fold higher than the activity in extracts from leaves that had been collected in the light. the protein kinase (named r-spsk) was purified about 100-fold from dark ... | 2002 | 12060234 |
| purification and characterization of a novel 7-kda non-specific lipid transfer protein-2 from rice (oryza sativa). | a novel 7-kda non-specific lipid transfer protein-2 (nsltp2) has been isolated from rice (oryza sativa) seeds. in contrast to nsltp1s, few nsltp2s have been purified and characterized. complete amino acid sequence of rice nsltp2 was determined by n-terminal edman degradation of the intact protein as well as the peptide fragments resulted from trypsin digestions. rice nsltp2 consists of 69 amino acid residues with eight conserved cysteines forming four disulfide bonds. the secondary structure of ... | 2002 | 12056799 |
| aox1c, a novel rice gene for alternative oxidase; comparison with rice aox1a and aox1b. | a novel gene for alternative oxidase (aox) was isolated from rice (oryza sativa l.) and characterized. the deduced amino acid sequence of the novel aox gene contains features that are conserved among other aoxs. this aox gene was designated aox1c based on a phylogenetic analysis of the aox genes. northern hybridization analyses revealed that aox1c and aox1a/aox1b transcripts accumulated differently in various rice organs and rice seedlings under low temperature conditions. aox1c mrna was mainly ... | 2002 | 12036102 |
| genetic diversity in cultivars and landraces of oryza sativa subsp. indica as revealed by aflp markers. | genetic diversity among 49 indian accessions of rice (oryza sativa subsp. indica), including 29 landraces from jeypore, 12 modern cultivars, and 8 traditional cultivars from tamil nadu, was investigated using aflp markers. in total, nine primer combinations revealed 664 aflps, 408 of which were found to be polymorphic. the percentage of polymorphic aflps was approximately the same within the cultivars and landraces. similar results were obtained when genetic diversity values were estimated using ... | 2002 | 12033612 |
| a high efficient approach used for bac-contig extension of oryza sativa with pcr screening the bac clone pools. | to extend 8 bac contigs, which were previously located in the 56.1-68 cm region of the chromosome 4 of the oryza sativa indica guangluai4, 14 pairs of primers were designed according to the terminal sequences of the existing seed bacs and were deliberately divided into 3 groups. with the 3 groups of primer mixtures, 233 pools of bac dna that represent 22 368 bac clones from o.sativa indica guangluai4 genomic library were screened. 65 positive clones corresponding to the 8 contigs were isolated a ... | 2002 | 12019452 |
| two uncoupling protein genes of rice (oryza sativa l.): molecular study reveals the defects in the pre-mrna processing for the heat-generating proteins of the subtropical cereal. | the recent finding of uncoupling proteins (ucps) in plants has demonstrated that plant mitochondria contain at least two distinct types of potential heat-generating protein, i.e. uncoupling proteins (ucps) and alternative oxidases. in this study, we isolated and characterized two rice genes encoding ucps with the aim of improving cold tolerance of rice through the modification of ucp expression. the two rice nuclear genes, osucp1 and osucp2, appeared to encode functional ucps, as far as the amin ... | 2002 | 12012245 |
| solution structure of plant nonspecific lipid transfer protein-2 from rice (oryza sativa). | the three-dimensional structure of rice nonspecific lipid transfer protein (nsltp2) has been solved for the first time. the structure of nsltp2 was obtained using 813 distance constraints, 30 hydrogen bond constraints, and 19 dihedral angle constraints. fifteen of the 50 random simulated annealing structures satisfied all of the constraints and possessed good nonbonded contacts. the novel three-dimensional fold of rice nsltp2 contains a triangular hydrophobic cavity formed by three prominent hel ... | 2002 | 12011089 |
| heat shocks increase the chilling tolerance of rice (oryza sativa) seedling radicles. | the growth of rice (oryza sativa l., cv. m202) seedling radicles, initially 10 +/- 1 mm long, was linear for the 96 h it took them to grow to 150 mm at 25 degrees c. exposure to 5 degrees c for 24 h reduced the rate of growth by about 50%, and longer exposures caused a progressive reduction in growth. initial radicle length significantly affected chilling sensitivity: with 2 days at 5 degrees c inhibiting growth at 25 degrees c by 23% for 1-mm radicles, 63% for 10-mm radicles, and 87% for 40-mm ... | 2002 | 12009992 |
| a fine physical map of the rice chromosome 4. | as part of an international effort to completely sequence the rice genome, we have produced a fine bacterial artificial chromosome (bac)-based physical map of the oryza sativa japonica nipponbare chromosome 4 through an integration of 114 sequenced bac clones from a taxonomically related subspecies o. sativa indica guangluai 4 and 182 rflp and 407 expressed sequence tag (est) markers with the fingerprinted data of the nipponbare genome. the map consists of 11 contigs with a total length of 34.5 ... | 2002 | 11997348 |
| characterisation of rice anther proteins expressed at the young microspore stage. | in combination with two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-de) protein mapping and mass spectrometry analysis, the pattern of gene expression in specific tissues at a specific stage can be displayed and characterised. we used this approach for rice (oryza sativa l. cultivar doongara) to display and assign identity to proteins in the anthers at the young microspore stage. over 4000 anther proteins in the pi range of 4-11 and molecular mass range of 6-122 kda were reproducibly resol ... | 2001 | 11990509 |
| [detection and analysis of qtl for resistance to the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (stål), in rice (oryza sativa l.), using backcross inbred lines]. | a mapping population of 98 bc1f9 lines (backcross inbred lines: bils), derived from a backcross of nipponbare (japonica)/kasalath (indica)//nipponbare by the single-seed descent methods, was used to detect quantitative trait loci (qtl) for resistance to brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens (stål). seedbox screening technique (sst) was applied to evaluate the reactions of two parents and 98 bils to bph at the seedling stage, and the entries were graded on ratio of dead seedlings. a total o ... | 2002 | 11985267 |
| expression of asparagine synthetase in rice (oryza sativa) roots in response to nitrogen. | the expression of asparagine synthetase (as; ec 6.3.5.4) in response to externally supplied nitrogen was investigated with respect to enzyme activity and protein levels as detected immunologically in rice (oryza sativa) seedlings. the asparagine content was very low in leaves and roots of nitrogen-starved rice plants but increased significantly after the supply of 1 mm nh4+ to the nutrient solution. while neither as activity nor as protein could be detected in leaves and roots prior to the suppl ... | 2002 | 11982933 |
| cell wall invertase in developing rice caryopsis: molecular cloning of oscin1 and analysis of its expression in relation to its role in grain filling. | to establish the significance of cell wall invertase in grain filling of rice (oryza sativa l.), we cloned a cdna for a cell wall invertase from developing grains of rice. the cdna, designated oscin1, contains an open reading frame of 1731 bp encoding a polypeptide of 577 amino acid residues. the deduced amino acid sequence showed typical features of the cell wall invertases, including a beta-fructosidase motif and a cysteine catalytic site, and shared 78.6 and 73.7% identity with maize cell wal ... | 2002 | 11978873 |
| pyruvate,orthophosphate dikinase in leaves and chloroplasts of c(3) plants undergoes light-/dark-induced reversible phosphorylation. | pyruvate,orthophosphate (pi) dikinase (ppdk) is best recognized as a chloroplastic c(4) cycle enzyme. as one of the key regulatory foci for controlling flux through this photosynthetic pathway, it is strictly and reversibly regulated by light. this light/dark modulation is mediated by reversible phosphorylation of a conserved threonine residue in the active-site domain by the ppdk regulatory protein (rp), a bifunctional protein kinase/phosphatase. ppdk is also present in c(3) plants, although it ... | 2002 | 11950985 |
| the alpha-amylase induction in endosperm during rice seed germination is caused by gibberellin synthesized in epithelium. | we recently isolated two genes (osga3ox1 and osga3ox2) from rice (oryza sativa) encoding 3beta-hydroxylase, which catalyzes the final step of active gibberellin (ga) biosynthesis (h. itoh, m. ueguchi-tanaka, n. sentoku, h. kitano, m. matsuoka, m. kobayashi [2001] proc natl acad sci usa 98: 8909-8914). using these cloned cdnas, we analyzed the temporal and spatial expression patterns of the 3beta-hydroxylase genes and also an alpha-amylase gene (ramy1a) during rice seed germination to investigate ... | 2002 | 11950975 |
| the rice mutant esp2 greatly accumulates the glutelin precursor and deletes the protein disulfide isomerase. | rice (oryza sativa) accumulates prolamins and glutelins as storage proteins. the latter storage protein is synthesized on the endoplasmic reticulum (er) as a 57-kd proglutelin precursor, which is then processed into acidic and basic subunits in the protein storage vacuole. three esp2 mutants, cm1787, em44, and em747, contain larger amounts of the 57-kd polypeptide and corresponding lower levels of acidic and basic glutelin subunits than normal. electron microscopic observation revealed that esp2 ... | 2002 | 11950970 |
| a dual effect on protein synthesis and degradation modulates the tubulin level in rice cells treated with oryzalin. | the effect of the anti-microtubular drug oryzalin on growth and morphology of cultured rice (oryza sativa l., cv. roncarolo) cells was evaluated with specific reference to mechanisms that control intracellular tubulin levels. the addition of oryzalin caused a great reduction in the level of both alpha- and beta-tubulin polypeptides, as detected by western blot analysis. however, no appreciable decrease was observed in the population of total or isotype-specific alpha- and beta-tubulin mrnas. onl ... | 2002 | 11941459 |
| multinuclear magnetic resonance analysis of two humic acid fractions from lowland rice soils. | to determine the effects of intensive cropping of tropical lowland rice (oryza sativa l.) and the associated long-term soil submergence on chemical properties of soil organic matter, we used solid-state 13c and 15n and solution 31p nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy to analyze the labile mobile humic acid (mha) and the more recalcitrant calcium humate (caha) fractions extracted from a series of soils supporting several long-term field experiments in the philippines. the soils varied m ... | 2017 | 11931429 |
| mutations that cause amino acid substitutions at the invariant positions in homeodomain of osh3 knox protein suggest artificial selection during rice domestication. | knox homeodomain (hd) proteins encoded by knotted1-like homeobox genes (knox genes) are considered to work as important regulators for plant developmental and morphogenetic events. we found that osh3, one of the knox genes isolated from a cultivar of oryza sativa (nipponbare), encodes a novel hd, which has two amino acid substitutions at invariant positions. sequence analysis of osh3 from various domesticated and wild species of rice has revealed that these substitutions are distributed only in ... | 2001 | 11922107 |
| effects of the cryopreservation procedures on recovered rice cell populations. | cryogenic storage of plant cells allows the long-term maintenance of valuable genotypes. cryopreservation of calli and cell suspensions is often performed using cryoprotectants and slow cooling rates. rice calli (oryza sativa l.) were cryopreserved by this procedure as well as by direct immersion in liquid nitrogen without cryoprotection. subsequently, the characteristics of the recovered cells as well as the effects of putative cryoselection were investigated by microscopic observations and flo ... | 2015 | 11912503 |
| genetic manipulation and quantitative-trait loci mapping for nitrogen recycling in rice. | immunocytological studies in this laboratory have suggested that nadh-dependent glutamate synthase (nadh-gogat; ec 1.4.1.14) in developing organs of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. sasanishiki) is involved in the utilization of glutamine remobilized from senescing organs through the phloem. because most of the indica cultivars contained less nadh-gogat in their sink organs than japonica cultivars, over-expression of nadh-gogat gene from japonica rice was investigated using kasalath, an indica cultivar ... | 2002 | 11912234 |
| novel genes are enriched in normalized cdna libraries from drought-stressed seedlings of rice (oryza sativa l. subsp. indica cv. nagina 22). | we have utilized an efficient method to enrich cdna libraries for novel genes and genes responsive to drought stress in rice (oryza sativa l. subsp. indica). we separately constructed standard and normalized cdna libraries from leaf tissue of rice seedlings grown under controlled drought stress. sequencing from the 3' end was performed on 1000 clones from the normalized leaf cdna library and 200 clones from the standard leaf cdna library. for the first 200 clones, the clone redundancy in the non ... | 2002 | 11908663 |
| uptake kinetics of arsenic species in rice plants. | arsenic (as) finds its way into soils used for rice (oryza sativa) cultivation through polluted irrigation water, and through historic contamination with as-based pesticides. as is known to be present as a number of chemical species in such soils, so we wished to investigate how these species were accumulated by rice. as species found in soil solution from a greenhouse experiment where rice was irrigated with arsenate contaminated water were arsenite, arsenate, dimethylarsinic acid, and monometh ... | 2002 | 11891266 |
| gene-containing regions of wheat and the other grass genomes. | deletion line-based high-density physical maps revealed that the wheat (triticum aestivum) genome is partitioned into gene-rich and -poor compartments. available deletion lines have bracketed the gene-containing regions to about 10% of the genome. emerging sequence data suggest that these may further be partitioned into "mini" gene-rich and gene-poor regions. an average of about 10% of each gene-rich region seem to contain genes. sequence analyses in various species suggest that uneven distribut ... | 2002 | 11891237 |
| genetic basis for co-adaptive gene complexes in rice (oryza sativa l.) landraces. | one hundred and twenty-two aflp markers were mapped using an ir64 x azucena rice doubled-haploid (dh) population. the distribution of these mapped markers was monitored across a set of 48 diverse landraces of rice. strong statistical associations were observed between 960 of the 7381 possible pairs of markers across the diverse material. these 960 strongly associated pairs of markers mapped to the same chromosomes in only 111 cases. the remaining 849 pairs were the result of association between ... | 2001 | 11869343 |
| why phenolic acids are unlikely primary allelochemicals in rice. | allelopathy in rice (oryza sativa, l.) effective against weeds has been found in about 3.5% of tested rice germplasm in both laboratory and field experimentation. however, the allelochemicals responsible for growth inhibition of rice-associated weeds have not yet been identified. in the literature, phenolic acids are often mentioned as putative allelochemicals. if phenolic acids commonly reach growth inhibitory concentrations in rice ecosystems, it must be expected that the degree of tolerance t ... | 2002 | 11868676 |
| characterization of plant proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) and flap endonuclease-1 (fen-1), and their distribution in mitotic and meiotic cell cycles. | the biochemical and cell cycle-dependent properties of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (ospcna) and flap endonuclease-1 (osfen-1) were characterized from rice (oryza sativa). ospcna was physically associated with osfen-1 and increased the flap-endonuclease activity of osfen-1 by 2.5-fold. northern and western blotting analysis revealed that ospcna and osfen-1 were present in meristematic tissues such as cultured cells, shoot apical meristem and root apical meristem. no expression was detected ... | 2001 | 11851910 |
| relationship between ultraviolet-b sensitivity and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photorepair in rice. | among indica rice cultivars (oryza sativa l. cvs.) that belong to the aus ecotype from the tropical bengal region, where the amount of ultraviolet-b (uv-b) radiation in the solar radiation is relatively great, marich-bati cultivar has exhibited resistance to uv-b radiation, while surjamkhi cultivar appeared to be less resistant. we have examined the susceptibility to cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (cpd) induction by uv-b radiation and the ability to photorepair cpds using these two cultivars. uv-b ... | 2001 | 11840646 |
| [developmental genetic analysis for transparency of rice (oryza sativa l.) at different environments]. | the developmental behavior of gene expression for transparency of rice (tr) was analyzed from two-year experimental data at different filling stages by using both conditional and unconditional analysis methods for quantitative traits of seeds in cereal crops. it was revealed that the gene expression was most active for the performance of tr at the middle and late filling stages (8-21 d after flowering). the differences of expression at different environments for triploid endosperm nuclear genes, ... | 2002 | 11838376 |
| [qtl analysis of sheath blight resistance in rice (oryza sativa l.)]. | in this study, an indica variety zhai ye qing 8 (zyq8) and a japonica variety jing xi 17(jx17) and their double haploid (dh) population were used. sheath blight resistance of the dh population and their parents was investigated using a syringe inoculation method. quantitative trait loci (qtl) analysis was undertaken based on a constructed molecular linkage map of this population in hangzhou and hainandao respectively. a total of four sheath blight resistant qtls (qsbr-2, qsbr-3, qsbr-7 and qsbr- ... | 2002 | 11838375 |
| ectopic expression of osmads3, a rice ortholog of agamous, caused a homeotic transformation of lodicules to stamens in transgenic rice plants. | in order to clarify the evolutionary relationship of floral organs between grasses and dicots, we expressed osmads3, a rice (oryza sativa l.) agamous(ag) ortholog, in rice plants under the control of an actin1 promoter. as a consequence of the ectopic expression of the osmads3, lodicules were homeotically transformed into stamens. in total, the transformation of lodicules to staminoid organs was observed in 18 out of 26 independent transgenic lines. in contrast to the almost complete transformat ... | 2002 | 11828031 |
| semidwarf (sd-1), "green revolution" rice, contains a defective gibberellin 20-oxidase gene. | the introduction of semidwarf rice (oryza sativa l.) led to record yield increases throughout asia in the 1960s. the major semidwarfing allele, sd-1, is still extensively used in modern rice cultivars. the phenotype of sd-1 is consistent with dwarfism that results from a deficiency in gibberellin (ga) plant growth hormones. we propose that the semidwarf (sd-1) phenotype is the result of a deficiency of active gas in the elongating stem arising from a defective 20-oxidase ga biosynthetic enzyme. ... | 2002 | 12077303 |
| ostf1: a hd-gl2 family homeobox gene is developmentally regulated during early embryogenesis in rice. | in many eukaryotic organisms, homeobox genes are important regulators that specify the cell fate and body plan in early embryogenesis. in this study, a gene designated ostf1 (oryza sativa transcription factor 1) encoding a homeodomain protein in rice was isolated and characterized. the encoded ostf1, although sharing only approximately 51% sequence identity with other hd-gl2 members, contains four characteristic motifs (an n-terminal acidic region, a homeodomain, a truncated leucine zipper, and ... | 2002 | 12091716 |
| response of rice to al stress and identification of quantitative trait loci for al tolerance. | rice (oryza sativa l.) shows the highest tolerance to al toxicity among small-grain cereal crops, however, the mechanisms and genetics responsible for its high al tolerance are not yet well understood. we investigated the response of rice to al stress using the japonica variety koshihikari in comparison to the indica variety kasalath. koshihikari showed higher tolerance at various al concentrations than kasalath. the al content in root apexes was less in koshihikari than in kasalath, suggesting ... | 2002 | 12091719 |
| [physiological indices for evaluating iron-toxicity tolerance of rice (oryza sativa l.)]. | this paper studied the content malodialdehyde (mda) and the leakage rate of electrolyte in leaves of various rice varieties with different iron-toxicity tolerance and of echinochloa crusgalli under excessive fe2+ (160 mg.l-1) stress. the results showed that both the mda content and the leakage rate of electrolyte in leaves of plants were significantly and negatively correlated with the tolerance of test plants to iron toxicity. it was suggested that both mda content and leakage rate of electroly ... | 2001 | 11813424 |
| diverse variation of reproductive barriers in three intraspecific rice crosses. | reproductive barriers are thought to play an important role in the processes of speciation and differentiation. asian rice cultivars, oryza sativa, can be classified into two main types, japonica and indica, on the basis of several characteristics. the fertility of japonica-indica hybrids differs from one cross to another. many genes involved in reproductive barriers (hybrid sterility, hybrid weakness, and gametophytic competition genes) have been reported in different japonica-indica crosses. t ... | 2002 | 11805066 |
| methane production and oxidation in an anoxic rice soil as influenced by inorganic redox species. | the effects of addition of inorganic redox substances (species of no3-, mn4+, fe3+, and so4(2-)) on methane production and oxidation in anoxic rice (oryza sativa l.) soil samples were examined. sulfate was the most inhibitory for methane production followed by fe3+, no3-, and mn4+, in that order. addition of rice straw at a rate of 1% (w/w) as a carbon source to increase the electron donor to the electron acceptor ratio did not completely alleviate the inhibitory effects of redox species on meth ... | 2016 | 11790032 |
| effect of erythrogen on post-thaw recovery of cryopreserved cell suspensions of indica rice (oryza sativa l.). | this study shows that adding haemoglobin solution (erythrogen) to post-thaw medium of indica rice (oryza sativa l.) cells enhances survival following cryopreservation. haemoglobin (1:50 - 1:200 v:v) had a beneficial effect on post-thaw viability and subsequent cell growth. a key finding was that the successful recovery from cryopreservation of cell suspensions of the indica rice cvs. br26 and pajam, and their re-establishment in aa2 medium, reflected a requirement for such supplementation of the ... | 2015 | 11788878 |
| pregrowth-desiccation: a simple and efficient procedure for the cryopreservation of rice (oryza sativa l.) embryogenic suspension cells. | rice embryogenic suspension cells were successfully cryopreserved by a pregrowth-desiccation procedure. cells were precultured in liquid aa medium containing 0.175 mol/l sucrose for 3 d and then in liquid aa medium containing 0.4 mol/l sorbitol for 1 d. after air-drying for about 20 h to a water content of 10%, the cells were placed into cryotubes and quenched into liquid nitrogen. using this pregrowth-desiccation procedure, a survival rate of 96+/-6% (ttc reduction assay) or 100% (cell clump re ... | 2015 | 11788862 |
| the dual effect of antifreeze protein on cryopreservation of rice (oryza sativa l.) embryogenic suspension cells. | the effects of fish antifreeze protein afp-i on cryopreservation of rice suspension cells by three different protocols were investigated. during the two-step method, afp-i at 0.01 mg/ml significantly lowered the viability of both precultured and non-precultured cells. during the vitrification method, afp-i at 0.2 mg/ml improved the viability of suboptimally thawed cells; however, much higher doses of this protein (10mg/ml) attenuated the cell viability. during rapid freezing of rice cells in the ... | 2015 | 11788857 |
| nonsymbiotic hemoglobins in rice are synthesized during germination and in differentiating cell types. | nonsymbiotic hemoglobins (ns-hbs) previously have been found in monocots and dicots; however, very little is known about the tissue and cell type localization as well as the physiological function(s) of these oxygen-binding proteins. we report the immunodetection and immunolocalization of ns-hbs in rice (oryza sativa l.) by western blotting and in situ confocal laser scanning techniques. ns-hbs were detected in soluble extracts of different tissues from the developing rice seedling by immunoblot ... | 2001 | 11770429 |
| [genetic effect of panicle traits of intersubspecific crosses of rice (oryza sativa.) and its interaction with environment]. | the models of genetic effects and genotype x environment interaction for additive-dominant-additive x additive epistasis were used to analyze the panicle traits of intersubspecific crosses of rice (oryza sativa.) in different environments. it was found that significant additive, dominant and additive x additive epistatic effects and genotype x environment (ge) interaction were observed in main panicle length, spikelet density, primary branches, total lengths of primary and secondary branches, bu ... | 2000 | 11766595 |
| effects of phenotyping environment on identification of quantitative trait loci for rice root morphology under anaerobic conditions. | in the rainfed lowlands, rice (oryza sativa l.) develops roots under anaerobic soil conditions with ponded water, prior to exposure to aerobic soil conditions and water stress. constitutive root system development in anaerobic soil conditions has been reported to have a positive effect on subsequent expression of adaptive root traits and water extraction during water stress. we examined effects of phenotyping environment on identification of quantitative trait loci (qtls) for constitutive root m ... | 2002 | 11756283 |
| a quinolone alkaloid with antioxidant activity from the aleurone layer of anthocyanin-pigmented rice. | the aleurone layer of oryza sativa cv. heugjinmi yielded a new quinolone alkaloid, 4-carbomethoxy-6-hydroxy-2-quinolone (1), showing moderate antioxidative activity in a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free-radical scavenging assay. physical and spectroscopic evidence has determined the structure of the compound. | 2001 | 11754619 |
| role of root hairs and lateral roots in silicon uptake by rice. | the rice plant (oryza sativa l. cv oochikara) is known to be a si accumulator, but the mechanism responsible for the high uptake of si by the roots is not well understood. we investigated the role of root hairs and lateral roots in the si uptake using two mutants of rice, one defective in the formation of root hairs (rh2) and another in that of lateral roots (rm109). uptake experiments with nutrient solution during both a short term (up to 12 h) and relatively long term (26 d) showed that there ... | 2001 | 11743120 |
| identification, purification, and characterization of a thermally stable lipase from rice bran. a new member of the (phospho) lipase family. | a thermally stable lipase (ec 3.1.1.3.) was first identified in rice (oryza sativa) bran, and the enzyme was purified to homogeneity using octyl-sepharose chromatography. the enzyme was purified to 7.6-fold with the final specific activity of 0.38 micromol min(-1) mg(-1) at 80 degrees c using [9,10-(3)h]triolein as a substrate. the purified enzyme was found to be a glycoprotein of 9.4 kd. enzyme showed a maximum activity at 80 degrees c and at ph 11.0. the protein was biologically active and ret ... | 2001 | 11743116 |
| toward a cytological characterization of the rice genome. | rice (oryza sativa l.) will be the first major crop, as well as the first monocot plant species, to be completely sequenced. integration of dna sequence-based maps with cytological maps will be essential to fully characterize the rice genome. we have isolated a set of 24 chromosomal arm-specific bacterial artificial chromosomes to facilitate rice chromosome identification. a standardized rice karyotype was constructed using meiotic pachytene chromosomes of o. sativa spp. japonica rice var. nippo ... | 2001 | 11731505 |
| characterization of a ca2+-dependent protein kinase from rice root: differential response to cold and regulation by abscisic acid. | the ca2+-dependent protein kinases (cdpks) and abscisic acid (aba) are known to be involved in low-temperature stress response. the focus of this study was to characterize the 45 kda protein kinase identified in the crude extract of rice (oryza sativa l.) seedling roots in response to cold (5 degrees c) stress. the activity of the 45 kda protein kinase decreased at low temperature as evident by an in-gel kinase assay using histone iii-s as a substrate. also, the ca2+-dependent activity of this p ... | 2001 | 11725971 |