| delivery of the non-membrane-permeative antibiotic gentamicin into mammalian cells by using shigella flexneri membrane vesicles. | we developed a model to test whether non-membrane-permeative therapeutic agents such as gentamicin could be delivered into mammalian cells by means of bacterial membrane vesicles. many gram-negative bacteria bleb off membrane vesicles (mvs) during normal growth, and the quantity of these vesicles can be increased by brief exposure to gentamicin (j. l. kadurugamuwa and t. j. beveridge, j. bacteriol. 177:3998-4008, 1995), which can be entrapped within the mvs. gentamicin-induced mvs (g-mvs) were i ... | 1998 | 9624497 |
| novel metallo beta-lactamase mediated by a shigella flexneri plasmid. | novel carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase (newly named met-1) encoded on a transferable plasmid pms390 from shigella flexneri js19622 was purified. the molecular weight was 28,000 by sds-page and the isoelectric point was higher than 9.3. this beta-lactamase favorably hydrolyzed classical cephalosporins and oxyimino-cephalosporins rather than penicillins and carbapenems, but did not hydrolyze monobactams. the enzymatic activity was inhibited by edta, and the enzyme was found to contain two mol ... | 1998 | 9627953 |
| two highly related regulatory proteins, shigella flexneri virf and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli rns, have common and distinct regulatory properties. | the rns protein of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) and the virf protein of shigella flexneri are members of the arac family of transcription regulators. rns is required for positive activation of the cs1 fimbrial genes, while virf is a positive regulator of an invasion gene regulon. the amino acid sequences of the proteins are 36% identical, and both proteins activate transcription in response to increases in temperature. here, we show that rns is capable of complementing fully a null mu ... | 1998 | 9627965 |
| identification of the region required for monomerization of the rolling circle plasmid pkym. | plasmid pkym, isolated from the gram-negative bacterium shigella sonnei, is a small multicopy plasmid which replicates by a rolling circle mechanism. the formation of multimers has been observed in a derivative of pkym which lost a part of the origin region, and the loss of the monomerization mechanism would have led to these multimers. by analyzing the constructs of several mutants, we discovered that a dna region required for monomerization was present upstream of the repk binding site in the ... | 1998 | 9628577 |
| revised model for aerobic growth of shigella flexneri to extend the validity of predictions at temperatures between 10 and 19 degrees c. | although shigella is a major foodborne pathogen, its growth in foods has received little attention. growth of s. flexneri 5348 inoculated into commercially available sterile foods (canned broths, meat, fish, uht milk, baby foods) was studied at 10 to 37 degrees c. s. flexneri was enumerated by surface-plating on tryptic soy agar and growth curves were fitted by means of the gompertz equation. observed growth kinetics values and values calculated using a previously developed response surface mode ... | 1998 | 9631334 |
| antibiotic sensitivity of endemic shigella in mbarara, uganda. | we analysed the chimio-sensitivity to antibiotics of endemic strains of shigella isolated in mbarara district, southwest uganda. twenty four strains were isolated, of which none was sensitive to cotrimoxazole and eight (33.4%, 95% ci [15.6-55.3]) to ampicillin, the two antibiotics recommended to treat dysentery during non epidemic periods in uganda. two isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid and none was resistant to the fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin). it is concluded that the ... | 1998 | 9640814 |
| in-vitro activity of piperacillin and tazobactam combination against clinically significant bacteria. | the in-vitro activity of piperacillin/tazobactum which is not among the routinely tested antibiotic at the public health bacteriology laboratory, parirenyatwa hospital, harare, zimbabwe was evaluated for its activity against bacterial pathogens using the kirby-bauer disk diffusion method. piperacillin/tazobactum showed superior in-vitro activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria when compared with routinely tested antibiotics such as gentamicin, erythromycin, tetracycline, pe ... | 1998 | 9640815 |
| [shigella dysenteriae strains possessing a new serovar (204/96) isolated from imported diarrheal cases in japan]. | five shigella strains isolated from stool cultures of imported diarrheal cases in japan, did not react to any antisera of the established shigella serovars. these strains had the typical biochemical characteristics of shigella dysenteriae, and were biochemically identical. all strains were positive in the sereny test and other tests for invasivness; these indicate that they can cause shigellosis in humans. the results of antigenic analysis revealed that they did not belong to any of the recogniz ... | 1998 | 9642939 |
| shiga toxin attacks bacterial ribosomes as effectively as eucaryotic ribosomes. | several pathogenic bacteria, including shigelladysenteriae and certain strains of escherichia coli, produce potent class 2 ribosome inhibiting proteins (rips) termed shiga toxins (stx). the toxins are bipartite molecules composed of a single a chain (stxa) noncovalently associated with a pentamer of receptor-binding b subunits (stxb). stxa and stx1a from e. coli are protoxins. proteolysis generates an a1 enzyme (28 kda) and an a2 fragment (3 kda), which remain bound, inactivating the enzyme, unt ... | 1998 | 9649321 |
| surgical lessons learned from the shigella dysenteriae type i epidemic. | an epidemic of shigella dysenteriae type i is spreading through africa. it is a particularly infectious and virulent form of dysentery which can cause clinical confusion with other endemic diseases and may present to the surgeon as a result of its complications. a total of 140 children with shigella dysenteriae type i presented to the paediatricians at king edward viii hospital in 1995; 35 were referred to the surgeons because of abdominal tenderness, distension, peritonitis or perforation. ten ... | 1998 | 9654875 |
| prevalence of fecal shedding of salmonella organisms among captive green iguanas and potential public health implications. | to determine prevalence of fecal shedding of salmonella organisms among captive green iguanas (iguana iguana). | 1998 | 9656023 |
| demographic data on salmonella enteritidis infection in thailand, 1990-1995. | the data for the comprehensive analysis of salmonella enteritidis infection was based on the information recorded in the request form submitted for salmonella typing and the results of serotyping at the who national salmonella and shigella center, department of medical sciences, ministry of public health, thailand during 1990-1995. fifty-one cases of s. enteritidis (se) infection were confirmed in 1990. the morbidity being markedly increased each year from 1991 to 1995, with 105, 307, 471, 659 a ... | 1997 | 9656401 |
| shiga toxin type 1 activates tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene transcription and nuclear translocation of the transcriptional activators nuclear factor-kappab and activator protein-1. | shiga toxins (stxs) produced by shigella dysenteriae 1 and escherichia coli have been implicated in the pathogenesis of bloody diarrhea, acute renal failure, and neurologic abnormalities. the pathologic hallmark of stx-mediated tissue damage is the development of vascular lesions in which endothelial cells are swollen and detached from underlying basement membranes. however, in vitro studies using human vascular endothelial cells demonstrated minimal stx-induced cytopathic effects, unless the ta ... | 1998 | 9657756 |
| identification of cpxr as a positive regulator essential for expression of the shigella sonnei virf gene. | virf is the master regulator which activates the virulence determinant genes of shigella spp. such as ipabcd and virg. we previously reported that expression of virf itself is regulated in a ph-dependent manner and that cpxa, a sensor of a two-component regulatory system, is involved in this regulation (s. nakayama and h. watanabe, j. bacteriol. 177:5062-5069, 1995). disruption of cpxr, which has been thought to be the cognate response regulator of cpxa (j. dong, s. iuchi, h.-s. kwan, z. lue, an ... | 1998 | 9657992 |
| travelers' diarrhea. epidemiology, prevention, and self-treatment. | risk factors for travelers' diarrhea include adventurous behavior, consumption of unclean water or food, and special hosts like those taking long acting h2 blockers. approaches to prevention include education about risk factors, which often fails to lead to modification of risky behavior, and chemoprophylaxis with bismuth subsalicylate-containing compounds or antimicrobial agents. chemoprophylaxis is generally discouraged except in special circumstances and in high-risk hosts. self-treatment of ... | 1998 | 9658246 |
| occurrence and susceptibility to antibiotics of shigella species in stools of hospitalized children with bloody diarrhea in pakistan. | the aim of the present investigation was to study the frequency of shigella spp. in patients with bloody diarrhea in pakistan and the susceptibility of isolated shigella to three antibiotics: ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and nalidixic acid. in addition, the frequency of campylobacter and salmonella was also determined. stool samples (n = 152) were collected from 152 diarrheic children less than six years of age passing blood and mucus in their stools who were admitted to paediatric department of ma ... | 1998 | 9660467 |
| enteric bacterial pathogens in stools of residents of urban and rural regions in nigeria: a comparison of patients with and without diarrhoea and controls without diarrhoea. | a total of 2,400 stool samples comprising 1,200 from patients with diarrhoea (600 each from urban and rural area) and 1,200 similarly divided controls were obtained from school children and clinic attendants of government and private clinics around three designated study centres of edo, lagos and cross river states, nigeria. these were screened for the prevalence of bacteria that could cause diarrhoea. diarrhoea cases in urban areas had a high prevalence rate for campylobacter spp. (28%), follow ... | 1997 | 9661320 |
| fresh orange juice implicated in an outbreak of shigella flexneri among visitors to a south african game reserve. | | 1998 | 9661958 |
| topics in microbial risk assessment: dynamic flow tree process. | microbial risk assessment is emerging as a new discipline in risk assessment. a systematic approach to microbial risk assessment is presented that employs data analysis for developing parsimonious models and accounts formally for the variability and uncertainty of model inputs using analysis of variance and monte carlo simulation. the purpose of the paper is to raise and examine issues in conducting microbial risk assessments. the enteric pathogen escherichia coli o157:h7 was selected as an exam ... | 1998 | 9664727 |
| etiological study of diarrheal patients in vientiane, lao people's democratic republic. | the etiological agents of diarrhea in vientiane, lao people's democratic republic (lao pdr), were studied in the period from october 1996 to august 1997. a total of 880 patients with diarrhea visiting medical facilities were examined for shigella, salmonella, diarrheagenic escherichia coli, vibrio, aeromonas, campylobacter, and rotavirus. shigella spp., heat-stable enterotoxin (st)-producing e. coli, and serogroup-based enteropathogenic e. coli were found to be the main organisms causing diarrhe ... | 1998 | 9665990 |
| transferable trimethoprim resistance in shigella strains. | the susceptibility patterns of 35 shigella isolates (16 s. flexneri, 14 s. dysenteriae and 5 s. sonnei) to trimethoprim (tp) and various antibiotics including amoxycillin, amoxycillin-clavulanic acid, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone, were investigated. twenty-two (62.8%) strains were resistant to tp with a minimal inhibitory concentration (mic50) value of 512 mg/l. only six isolates were amoxycillin resistant, to which clavulanic acid restored sensitivity in all of the ... | 1998 | 9669647 |
| interactions of the invasive pathogens salmonella typhimurium, listeria monocytogenes, and shigella flexneri with m cells and murine peyer's patches. | invasive enteric bacteria must pass through the intestinal epithelium in order to establish infection. it is becoming clear that a common target for intestinal mucosa penetration is the specialized epithelial cell of peyer's patches, the m cell. in order to gain a better understanding of how bacteria interact with m cells, we have compared the interactions of salmonella typhimurium, listeria monocytogenes, and shigella flexneri with m cells by using a murine ligated-loop model. our results indic ... | 1998 | 9673259 |
| inactivation of dsba, but not dsbc and dsbd, affects the intracellular survival and virulence of shigella flexneri. | in this study, three mutants, dsba::kan, dsbc-kan, and dsbd-kan, of shigella flexneri serotype 5 were constructed and characterized to investigate the role of the periplasmic thiol:disulfide oxidoreductases in pathogenicity. in gentamicin protection assays and the serény test, the dsba mutant showed reduced virulence while the dsbc and dsbd mutants were similar to the wild type. that inactivation of dsba was responsible for the reduced virulence was verified by complementation with the cloned wi ... | 1998 | 9673279 |
| hemolysin-positive enteroaggregative and cell-detaching escherichia coli strains cause oncosis of human monocyte-derived macrophages and apoptosis of murine j774 cells. | infection of human monocyte-derived macrophages (hmdm) and j774 cells (murine macrophage cell line) with several enteroaggregative and cytodetaching escherichia coli (eaggec and cdec, respectively) strains demonstrated that some strains could induce macrophage cell death accompanied by release of lactate dehydrogenase activity and interleukin 1beta (il-1beta) into culture supernatants. the mode of cell death differed in the two types of macrophages. damage to macrophage plasma membrane integrity ... | 1998 | 9673280 |
| measurement of interglycosidic 3jch coupling constants of selectively 13c labeled oligosaccharides by 2d j-resolved 1h nmr spectroscopy. | tri-, tetra-, and penta-saccharide fragments of the o-specific polysaccharide of shigella dysenteriae type 1 have been prepared in which a d-galactose residue of each oligosaccharide methyl glycoside derivative contains a 13c label at c-1. the interglycosidic coupling constants (3jch) of these 13c nuclei with the h-3 nuclei of the adjacent 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose residues have been measured by two-dimensional, j-resolved 1h nmr spectroscopy. the magnitudes of these coupling constants indic ... | 1998 | 9675362 |
| structure of the shigella dysenteriae haem transport locus and its phylogenetic distribution in enteric bacteria. | the ability to transport and use haemin as an iron source is frequently observed in clinical isolates of shigella spp. and pathogenic escherichia coli. we found that many of these haem-utilizing e. coli strains contain a gene that hybridizes at high stringency to the s. dysenteriae type 1 haem receptor gene, shua. these shua-positive strains belong to multiple phylogenetic groups and include clinical isolates from enteric, urinary tract and systemic infections. the distribution of shua in these ... | 1998 | 9680204 |
| overexpression and topology of the shigella flexneri o-antigen polymerase (rfc/wzy). | lipopolysaccharides (lps), particularly the o-antigen component, are one of many virulence determinants necessary for shigella flexneri pathogenesis. o-antigen biosynthesis is determined mostly by genes located in the rfb region of the chromosome. the rfc/wzy gene encodes the o-antigen polymerase, an integral membrane protein, which polymerizes the o-antigen repeat units of the lps. the wild-type rfc/wzy gene has no detectable ribosome-binding site (rbs) and four rare codons in the translation i ... | 1998 | 9680210 |
| the yersinia yops inhibit invasion of listeria, shigella and edwardsiella but not salmonella into epithelial cells. | yersinia virulence is dependent on the expression of plasmid-encoded secreted proteins called yops. after bacterial adherence to receptors on the mammalian cell membrane, several yops are transported by a type iii secretion pathway into the host cell cytoplasm. two yops, yoph and yope, prevent macrophages from phagocytosing yersinia by disrupting the host cell cytoskeleton and signal transduction pathways. in contrast to this active inhibition of phagocytosis by yersinia, other pathogens such as ... | 1998 | 9680215 |
| biologically active polymers: synthesis and antimicrobial activity of modified glycidyl methacrylate polymers having a quaternary ammonium and phosphonium groups. | polymers with antibacterial activity have been synthesized by chemical modification of poly(glycidyl methacrylate). the glycidyl methacrylate was polymerized by the free radical polymerization technique. the poly(glycidyl methacrylate) was hydrolyzed and was chloroacetylated using chloroacetyl chloride. the chloroacetylated product was modified to yield polymers with either quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salts. the antimicrobial activity of the modified glycidyl methacrylate polymers has bee ... | 1998 | 9685881 |
| nutritional status and diarrhoeal pathogen in hospitalized children in bangladesh. | we studied the relationship between nutritional status and infection due to specific enteropathogens in young children with diarrhoea. overall, 26% of the children were severely underweight, 27% were severely wasted and 19% were severely stunted. children with shigellae and v. cholerae o1 were significantly more severely underweight, wasted and stunted than those with rotavirus diarrhoea (p < 0.0001). our results indicate that an effective nutrition programme for young children might have greate ... | 1998 | 9686653 |
| "biphasic" fevers often consist of more than two phases. | this paper disproves the common belief that all doses of lipopolysaccharide (lps) that are commonly referred to as biphasic fever inducing (>/=2 microg/kg) cause truly biphasic responses. a catheter was implanted into the right jugular vein of several strains of adult male rats, and the animals were habituated to the experimental conditions. at an ambient temperature of 30.0 degrees c, loosely restrained animals were injected with a 10 microg/kg dose of lps (various preparations), and their colo ... | 1998 | 9688995 |
| epidemic shigella dysenteriae in mumias, western kenya. | | 1998 | 9692143 |
| diagnosis of bacterial enteric infections in children in zambia. | the bacterial pathogens commonly responsible for diarrhea in children under the age of 5 in zambia were identified and the most effective methods of diagnosis of such infections in laboratories with limited resources, such as those in developing countries, are recommended. | 1998 | 9695302 |
| [bacteriological and virological studies on the cause of sporadic acute gastroenteritis in tama, tokyo (1991-1996)]. | between may 1991 and december 1996, bacteriological and virological investigations on the fecal samples from patient of infantile diarrhea (155 cases), or infectious gastroenteritis (1,409 cases) diagnosed with 9 medical institutions in tama of tokyo were carried out. of 1,564 samples, 722 (46.2%) were enteropathogen positive cases, and mixed infection was also observed in about 15% of the positive cases. among 13 different kinds of enteropathogens identified, the most prevalent one was pathogen ... | 1998 | 9695470 |
| [usefulness of genotypic analysis for investigation of an epidemic of shigella sonnei infections in ooami-shirasato town, chiba prefecture]. | in march 1996, an epidemic of shigella sonnei infection occurred in ooamishira-sato town, chiba prefecture. colicine typing, antibiotic resistance patterns, plasmid profiles, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and random amplified poly-morphic dna (rapd) were used for the investigation of the epidemic. ninety-four isolates from patients exhibited three different colicine types and five different antibiotic resistance patterns. but the patterns of plasmid profile, pfge and rapd were uniform ... | 1998 | 9695472 |
| antimicrobial resistances among shigella in new zealand. | to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistances among recent isolates of shigella in new zealand. | 1998 | 9695753 |
| surfing on a retrograde wave: how does shiga toxin reach the endoplasmic reticulum? | bacterial shiga toxin and related toxins are endocytosed by higher eukaryotic cells. the toxin protein is then transported via the golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum (er) and into the cytosol, where it exerts its toxic effect. this review discusses current understanding of this retrograde transport pathway and how newly developed modified toxins that allow detection and quantification of specific transport steps might prove useful tools in the future. | 1998 | 9695830 |
| sepa, the 110 kda protein secreted by shigella flexneri: two-domain structure and proteolytic activity. | shigellosis is characterized by a strong inflammatory response which is induced by bacteria invading the colonic mucosa. characterization of a sepa mutant indicated that sepa, the major protein secreted by shigella flexneri growing in laboratory media, might be involved in invasion and destruction of the host intestinal epithelium. the sequence of the first 500 residues of mature sepa (110 kda) is homologous to that of the n-terminal region of iga1 proteases. to investigate the potential proteol ... | 1998 | 9695914 |
| the tip of the hydrophobic hairpin of colicin u is dispensable for colicin u activity but is important for interaction with the immunity protein. | the hydrophobic c terminus of pore-forming colicins associates with and inserts into the cytoplasmic membrane and is the target of the respective immunity protein. the hydrophobic region of colicin u of shigella boydii was mutated to identify determinants responsible for recognition of colicin u by the colicin u immunity protein. deletion of the tip of the hydrophobic hairpin of colicin u resulted in a fully active colicin that was no longer inactivated by the colicin u immunity protein. replace ... | 1998 | 9696757 |
| population-based prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic astrovirus infection in rural mayan infants. | symptomatic and asymptomatic astrovirus infection was prospectively determined in a 3-year birth cohort of mayan infants. stool samples from 271 infants and 268 older siblings were tested for astrovirus, adenovirus 40/41, rotavirus and salmonella, shigella and campylobacter species. concurrent diarrhea, vomiting, fever, or anorexia were noted. astrovirus was detected in 164 infants (61%) and 20 siblings (7%). rotavirus (4%) and adenovirus 40/41 (13%) were isolated less frequently. of all diarrhe ... | 1998 | 9697712 |
| increasing frequency of mecillinam-resistant shigella isolates in urban dhaka and rural matlab, bangladesh: a 6 year observation. | a total of 14,915 shigella isolates obtained in 1991-1996 from patients attending the dhaka (urban) and matlab (rural) treatment centres of the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh were examined for susceptibility to ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, nalidixic acid, mecillinam and ciprofloxacin by a disc diffusion method. there were no ciprofloxacin-resistant shigella isolates. the prevalence of resistance to ampicillin, co-trimoxazole and nalldixic acid varied between isol ... | 1998 | 9700536 |
| [interhospital spread of shigella flexneri 2a]. | in this article the results of the study of regularities in the development of outbreak morbidity in shigellosis, caused by s.flexneri 2a, in hospitals are presented. the study was carried out with the use of the method of typing by the plasmid profile. the study showed the continuity of the epidemic process in the foci which appeared at intervals considerably exceeding the incubation period. the fact of the interhospital spread of s.flexneri 2a was established. the strain causing the disease wa ... | 1998 | 9700878 |
| [genotyping of shigella flexneri 2a strains isolated from patients with acute dysentery in st. petersburg]. | polymerase chain reaction with universal primers (up-pcr) was used for the genotyping of 76 s.flexneri 2a cultures isolated from patients with acute dysentery in infectious and psychoneurological hospitals of st. petersburg. 9 types were determined, and each of them included cultures with identical up-pcr patterns. the population of the infective agent was more heterogeneous in psychoneurological hospitals where the change of types was registered in may-september 1995. some of these types were p ... | 1998 | 9700887 |
| incidence & enteropathogenicity of aeromonas spp in children suffering from acute diarrhoea in chennai. | a total of 200 stool samples from children below 10 yr suffering from diarrhoea were screened for enteric pathogens with special interest on aeromonas. aeromonas spp were isolated from 6.5 per cent of the patients, comprising 4 per cent a. hydrophila, 2 per cent a. sobria and 0.5 per cent a. caviae. among the 13 isolates obtained, 10 isolates produced enterotoxin in ligated rabbit ileal loops, and 11 produced cytotoxin in hep 2 cells. many of the aeromonas isolates exhibited resistance to common ... | 1998 | 9701892 |
| alterations in high molecular mass penicillin-binding protein 1 associated with beta-lactam resistance in shigella dysenteriae. | beta-lactam resistance poses a major problem in the chemotherapy of shigellosis caused by shigella dysenteriae. such resistance may arise from alterations in the affinities or amounts of the penicillin-binding proteins (pbps) for beta-lactams, elaboration of beta-lactamases and reduced permeability across the outer membrane. the mechanisms of resistance in s. dysenteriae have not been studied in depth. this report describes a laboratory mutant, m19 which was characterized by the appearance of tw ... | 1998 | 9703984 |
| study of the relatedness of isolates of shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei obtained in 1986 and 1987 and in 1994 and 1995 from hong kong. | we used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) to study the genetic relatedness of 235 isolates of shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei collected in hong kong (97 isolates from 1986 and 1987 and 138 isolates from 1994 and 1995). altogether, 13 gels were run with bacteriophage lambda ladder dna (pharmacia) as an external reference in every sixth lane, standardized reagents and methods, and isolates randomized for species and years. for quantitative illustration of the relationships within a lar ... | 1998 | 9705363 |
| serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of shigella species isolated from children in calcutta, india. | | 1998 | 9707320 |
| [mortality in breast-fed infants with persistent diarrhea: risk factors associated with death]. | persistent diarrhea is a frequent disease in developing countries. in this research, we studied 21 patients that passed away among 189 that were hospitalized with persistent diarrhea at the "hospital italo brasileiro umberto i foundation", from january of 1985 until december of 1992. | 1998 | 9711316 |
| examination of serpulina pilosicoli for attachment and invasion determinants of enterobacteria. | the spirochaete, serpulina pilosicoli, is the agent of intestinal spirochaetosis, a diarrhoeal disease of humans and other species. by mechanisms as yet unknown, large numbers of these spirochaetes intimately attach to the colonic mucosa by one cell end. in some infected individuals, the spirochaetes may invade the lamina propria and adjacent tissues, and they may cause spirochaetaemia. to examine s. pilosicoli for pathogenic determinants homologous with enterobacteria, dna was extracted from si ... | 1998 | 9711840 |
| characterization of enteroinvasive escherichia coli and shigella strains by rapd analysis. | genetic variation of 33 enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec), 12 non-eiec and 39 shigella strains (representing the 4 species of this genus) was analyzed using the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) technique. reproducible polymorphisms were generated and the combined data allowed us to construct a dendrogram using jaccard's distance. two main groups were obtained: one for shigella and the other for eiec and non-eiec strains. the first group contained four clusters, one for each shigella ... | 1998 | 9711853 |
| requirement of the shigella flexneri virulence plasmid in the ability to induce trafficking of neutrophils across polarized monolayers of the intestinal epithelium. | attachment of an array of enteric pathogens to epithelial surfaces is accompanied by recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) across the intestinal epithelium. in this report, we examine how shigella-intestinal epithelium interactions evoke the mucosal inflammatory response. we modeled these interactions in vitro by using polarized monolayers of the human intestinal epithelial cell line, t84, isolated human pmns, and shigella flexneri. we show that shigella attachment to t84-cell basola ... | 1998 | 9712773 |
| comparison of sample sequences of the salmonella typhi genome to the sequence of the complete escherichia coli k-12 genome. | raw sequence data representing the majority of a bacterial genome can be obtained at a tiny fraction of the cost of a completed sequence. to demonstrate the utility of such a resource, 870 single-stranded m13 clones were sequenced from a shotgun library of the salmonella typhi ty2 genome. the sequence reads averaged over 400 bases and sampled the genome with an average spacing of once every 5,000 bases. a total of 339,243 bases of unique sequence was generated (approximately 7% representation). ... | 1998 | 9712782 |
| shiga toxin binds human platelets via globotriaosylceramide (pk antigen) and a novel platelet glycosphingolipid. | hemolytic-uremic syndrome is a clinical syndrome characterized by acute renal failure, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia that often follows infection by shiga toxin- or verotoxin-producing strains of escherichia coli. because thrombocytopenia and platelet activation are hallmark features of hemolytic-uremic syndrome, we examined the ability of shiga toxin to bind platelets by flow cytometry and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (hptlc) of isolated platelet glycosph ... | 1998 | 9712788 |
| alteration of hla-b27 peptide presentation after infection of transfected murine l cells by shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri is a triggering agent for reactive arthritis in hla-b27-susceptible individuals. considering the intracellular multiplication of bacteria, it seems likely that bacterial peptides may be presented by the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i pathway. to examine this hypothesis, we infected hla-b*2705- and/or human beta2-microglobulin-transfected murine l-cell lines with m90t, an invasive strain of s. flexneri. bacterial infection induced no detectable modifications in t ... | 1998 | 9712804 |
| construction of a stable attenuated shigella sonnei deltavirg vaccine strain, wrss1, and protective efficacy and immunogenicity in the guinea pig keratoconjunctivitis model. | construction of a stable shigella sonnei vaccine has been complicated by the instability of the virulence phenotype caused by the spontaneous loss of the invasion plasmid. to select a suitable candidate for vaccine construction, 16 s. sonnei strains were screened for stability of the virulence phenotype. a stable strain, s. sonnei mosely, was selected for further work. pdeltavirg2, a deletion derivative of the virg gene in the sacb suicide vector pcvd442, was used to generate an s. sonnei virg d ... | 1998 | 9712824 |
| longitudinal investigation of bacterium-specific synovial lymphocyte proliferation in reactive arthritis and lyme arthritis. | antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation of synovial fluid mononuclear cells (sf mnc) has been reported repeatedly in reactive arthritis and lyme arthritis; however, less information is available on serial investigations of sf mnc in the same patients. | 1998 | 9714358 |
| randomised comparison of ciprofloxacin suspension and pivmecillinam for childhood shigellosis. | infections caused by multiply resistant shigella species are a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in third world countries. the fluoroquinolone agent ciprofloxacin is active in vitro against these strains of bacteria, but has not been routinely used to treat acute childhood infections because of concern that quinolones may cause arthropathy in children. we undertook a randomised double-blind study to test the effects of ciprofloxacin treatment in children with shigella dysentery. | 1998 | 9716056 |
| molecular and cellular mechanisms of invasion of the intestinal barrier by enteric pathogens. the paradigm of shigella. | the pathogenesis of bacillary dysentery can be studied at different levels of integration of the cellular components that constitute the colonic mucosal barrier. we considered the interaction of shigella flexneri in three experimental systems that provide complementary information and a scheme of events occurring in human colorectal mucosa as shigella invasion proceeds. interaction of s. flexneri with individual epithelial cells shows a series of events in which the bacterium, upon contact with ... | 1998 | 9717250 |
| interaction of vaccinia virus with the actin cytoskeleton. | vaccinia virus infection results in large rearrangements of the host actin cytoskeleton including the formation of actin tails that are strikingly similar to those seen in listeria, shigella and rickettsia infections. using actin polymerization as the driving force the intracellular enveloped form of the vaccinia virus (iev) is propelled on the tip of actin tails at a speed of 2.8 microns/min, both intra- and intercellularly. the similarities between the actin-based motility of the vaccinia viru ... | 1998 | 9717258 |
| prevalence and susceptibility of shigella species to 11 antibiotics in a kuwait teaching hospital. | during the 5-year period 1990-1993 and 1996, 202 shigella spp. were isolated from stool specimens of symptomatic patients of all age groups seen in our hospital. over these periods the trend of the incidence of shigellosis showed that 18% of the total strains were isolated during the invasion year (1990) followed by an upsurge (24%) during the gulf war period (1991) and a steady decline in the post-war period, 17% in 1992 and 14% in 1993. there was another wave of increased isolation rate (27%) ... | 1998 | 9720466 |
| biochemistry and regulation of a novel escherichia coli k-12 porin protein, ompg, which produces unusually large channels. | a novel porin, ompg, is produced in response to a chromosomal mutation termed cog-192. molecular characterization of cog-192 revealed that it is a large chromosomal deletion extending from the 3' end of pspa through to the 5' end of an open reading frame located immediately upstream of ompg. as a result of this 13.1-kb deletion, the expression of ompg was placed under the control of the pspa promoter. characterization of ompg revealed that it is quite different from other porins. proteoliposome ... | 1998 | 9721282 |
| the shigella virulence gene regulatory cascade: a paradigm of bacterial gene control mechanisms. | shigella flexneri is the causative agent of bacillary dysentery and is a facultative intracellular pathogen. its virulence regulon is subject to tight control by several mechanisms involving the products of over 20 genes and an array of environmental signals. the reguion is carried on a plasmid that is prone to instability and to integration into the chromosome, with associated silencing of the virulence genes. closely related regulons are found in other species of shigella and in enteroinvasive ... | 1998 | 9723908 |
| enteroinvasive bacteria directly activate expression of inos and no production in human colon epithelial cells. | in these studies, we investigated whether bacterial infection of human colon epithelial cells is a sufficient stimulus to upregulate epithelial cell expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) and nitric oxide (no) production. human colon epithelial cells (caco-2 and ht-29) rapidly upregulated inos mrna and protein expression and no production after infection with enteroinvasive escherichia coli, salmonella dublin, or shigella flexneri but not after infection with noninvasive e. coli or ... | 1998 | 9724270 |
| age-related prevalence of shigella and salmonella antibodies and their association with diarrhoeal diseases in peruvian children. | shigella and salmonella antibodies in relation to diarrhoea were studied in a cohort of 413 children between 2 and 27 months of age in peri-urban lima, peru. blood samples were obtained at 2, 3 and 12 months of age. antibody titres against lipopolysaccharide from shigella flexneri serotype y, shigella dysenteriae serotype 1, shigella sonnei, salmonella serogroups ao, bo, do, and shigella ipa and salmonella typhi vi antigens were measured by enzyme immunoassay. igg titres against s. flexneri and ... | 1998 | 9730303 |
| phylogenetic relationships of salmonella based on rrna sequences. | to establish the phylogenetic relationships between the subspecies of salmonella enterica (official name salmonella choleraesuis), salmonella bongori and related members of enterobacteriaceae, sequence comparison of rrna was performed by maximum-likelihood analysis. the two salmonella species were separated by 16s rrna analysis and found to be closely related to the escherichia coli and shigella complex by both 16s and 23s rrna analyses. the diphasic serotypes s. enterica subspp. i and vi were s ... | 1998 | 9731304 |
| chronic diarrhoea among hiv-infected adult patients in nairobi, kenya. | chronic diarrhoea and wasting are well recognized features of aids in africa. however, because of resource constraints few comprehensive aetiological studies have been conducted in sub-saharan africa which have included a broad range of microbiological investigations. we undertook a prospective cross-sectional study of adult patients admitted to a government hospital in nairobi, kenya, to determine possible bacterial, mycobacterial, parasitic and viral causes of diarrhoea; to consider which may ... | 1998 | 9733379 |
| a case of hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with epstein-barr virus infection. | the precise etiology of hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) is unknown. however, it has been associated with bacterial (shigella, salmonella, e. coli, s. pneumoniae), bartonella, and viral (coxsackie, echo, influenza, varicella. epstein-barr) infections and with endotoxemia. recently, we experienced a case of hus in a 16-year-old boy who was in the acute phase of an epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection. he had typical manifestations of hus and ebv infection. he also transiently presented disseminated ... | 1998 | 9735670 |
| resistance to antimicrobial agents: a personal view. | problems of antimicrobial drug resistance are presently serious, but not yet desperate. the principal areas of concern are two-fold: multiresistant opportunist bacteria that affect vulnerable patients in high dependency areas of hospitals (the most pressing problem for developed countries); and multidrug resistance among classic pathogens like mycobacterium tuberculosis, salmonella typhi, shigella spp., neisseria gonorrhoeae and plasmodium falciparum (mainly, although not exclusively, a problem ... | 1998 | 9736155 |
| an outbreak of infection with shigella flexneri 1b in south east england. | | 1998 | 9737062 |
| serotype conversion of a shigella flexneri candidate vaccine strain via a novel site-specific chromosome-integration system. | shigella flexneri sfl124 (serotype y) is a promising live oral vaccine candidate, which has been shown to be safe and immunogenic in human volunteers. to change the serotype of this vaccine strain, we inserted a serotype conversion gene cluster into the chromosome of sfl124 by using a bacteriophage-based site-specific integration system. by cloning an integrase gene (int), an attachment site (attp) and a glucosyl transfer gene cluster from bacteriophage sfx into a suicide vector, and subsequentl ... | 1998 | 9741086 |
| binding of modified fragments of the shigella dysenteriae type 1 o-specific polysaccharide to monoclonal igm 3707 e9 and docking of the immunodeterminant to its modeled fv. | the o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp) of shigella dysenteriae type 1 has been shown by others to have the structure-->3)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->2)-alp ha-d- galp-(1-->3)-alpha-d-glcpnac-(1-->. we have shown in the past that igm 3707 e9, an anti s. dysenteriae type 1 o-sp monoclonal antibody, binds specifically to the -alpha-l-rhap-(1-->2)-alpha-d-galp-determinant of the polysaccharide. in this report we show that determinant to have hydrogen bonds, necessary for binding to the ant ... | 1998 | 9742688 |
| oxidative stress response in shigella & nonpathogenic gut bacteria. | the effect of oxidative stress in the form of exogenous h2o2 on the survival of four species of shigella and two nonpathogenic gram negative gut bacteria and the role of catalase as an antioxidant enzyme, neutralizing the effect of h2o2 were examined. a significant decrease in the number of colony forming units (cfus) after exposure to exogenous h2o2 (122 +/- 37), compared to control bacteria (218 +/- 63, p < 0.001) was observed. there was an induction of catalase activity after exposure to exog ... | 1998 | 9745211 |
| identification of two shigella flexneri chromosomal loci involved in intercellular spreading. | the ability of shigella flexneri to multiply within colonic epithelial cells and spread to adjacent cells is essential for production of dysentery. two s. flexneri chromosomal loci that are required for these processes were identified by screening a pool of tnphoa insertion mutants. these mutants were able to invade cultured epithelial cells but could not form wild-type plaques. analysis of the nucleotide sequence indicated that the sites of tnphoa insertion were within two different regions tha ... | 1998 | 9746567 |
| expression of the virulence plasmid-carried apyrase gene (apy) of enteroinvasive escherichia coli and shigella flexneri is under the control of h-ns and the virf and virb regulatory cascade. | the transcription of the virulence plasmid (pinv)-carried invasion genes of shigella flexneri and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) is induced at 37 degreesc and repressed at 30 degreesc. in this work, we report that the o135: k-:h- eiec strain hn280 and s. flexneri sfzm53, m90t, and 454, of serotypes 4, 5, and 2a, respectively, produce apyrase (atp-diphosphohydrolase), the product of the apy gene. in addition, the s. flexneri strains, but not the eiec strain, produce a nonspecific phosphat ... | 1998 | 9746603 |
| shigella infections among children in andaman--an archipelago of tropical islands in bay of bengal. | shigellosis is common among children in the andaman and nicobar islands. our experience showed two distinct features of shigellosis within a span of 3 years in 1994-6: (i) changing patterns of serotype or subtype specific shigellosis and (ii) emergence of multidrug resistant isolates with changing r-patterns. the rate of isolation was 10.4-27.9% with the rate of isolation of shigella flexneri interchanging with s. dysenteriae alternately. in 1994, s. flexneri superseded s. dysenteriae (48.6% vs. ... | 1998 | 9747754 |
| h-ns regulates dna repair in shigella. | we report a new role for h-ns in shigella spp.: suppression of repair of dna damage after uv irradiation. h-ns-mediated suppression of virulence gene expression is thermoregulated in shigella, being functional at 30 degrees c and nonfunctional at 37 to 40 degrees c. we find that h-ns-mediated suppression of dna repair after uv irradiation is also thermoregulated. thus, shigella flexneri m90t, incubated at 37 or 40 degrees c postirradiation, shows up to 30-fold higher survival than when incubated ... | 1998 | 9748466 |
| molecular characterization of the virulence gene virg of ptiku 12. | the virulence (vir) genes of agrobacterium tumefaciens ku12, a korean strain, were not induced by acetosyringone and the strain showed weak tumor forming ability and broad plant host ranges. we identified complete nucleotide sequence of virg of ptiku12, an octopine ti plasmid of this strain. when it was compared with those of other ti plasmids, ptiku12 virg contained an open reading frame (orf) of 726 nucleotides which showed much lower homology (about 77%) than those (above 98%) already known a ... | 1998 | 9749525 |
| microbial disinfection capacity of municipal solid waste (msw) composting. | the disinfection capacity of a municipal solid waste (msw) composting plant (siloda) has been evaluated. in spring and summer, msw was followed during the composting process from raw material to mature compost and long-term storage (1 year). ascaris eggs, salmonella, shigella, total streptococci, faecal streptococci, total coliforms, faecal coliforms and escherichia coli were studied. disinfection was successful in terms of a decrease in faecal contamination indicators and disappearance of faeca ... | 1998 | 9750296 |
| occurrence of bacteriocin production among environmental enterococci. | the occurrence of enteroccoci in cattle dung water from the basins of 25 cattle farms of 15 northeastern slovakia districts was screened as well as bacteriocin production among selective enterococcal isolates. the average total count of enterococci detected reached 5.0 x 10(3) cfu ml-1. enterococcus faecium was the predominant species (25%) followed by ent. casseliflavus (19.2%), ent. faecalis (9.6%), ent. avium and ent. durans (1.9%). the antagonistic activity of isolates showed a mainly antili ... | 1998 | 9750323 |
| major histocompatibility complex class i presentation of exogenous soluble tumor antigen fused to the b-fragment of shiga toxin. | targeting exogenous antigen into the mhc class i-restricted presentation pathway is a prerequisite for the induction of cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) which have been shown to represent an important component of the protective and therapeutic immune response to viral infections and tumors. in this study, we produced recombinant proteins composed of the receptor-binding non-toxic b-fragment of bacterial shiga toxin derived from shigella dysenteriae associated with an epitope from a model tumor ant ... | 1998 | 9754560 |
| acid-sensitive enteric pathogens are protected from killing under extremely acidic conditions of ph 2.5 when they are inoculated onto certain solid food sources. | gastric acidity is recognized as the first line of defense against food-borne pathogens, and the ability of pathogens to resist this ph corresponds to their oral infective dose (id). naturally occurring and genetically engineered acid-sensitive enteric pathogens were examined for their ability to survive under acidic conditions of ph 2.5 for 2 h at 37 degreesc when inoculated onto ground beef. each of the strains displayed significantly high survival rates under these normally lethal conditions. ... | 1998 | 9758814 |
| gram-negative bacteria produce membrane vesicles which are capable of killing other bacteria. | naturally produced membrane vesicles (mvs), isolated from 15 strains of gram-negative bacteria (citrobacter, enterobacter, escherichia, klebsiella, morganella, proteus, salmonella, and shigella strains), lysed many gram-positive (including mycobacterium) and gram-negative cultures. peptidoglycan zymograms suggested that mvs contained peptidoglycan hydrolases, and electron microscopy revealed that the murein sacculi were digested, confirming a previous modus operandi (j. l. kadurugamuwa and t. j. ... | 1998 | 9765585 |
| antibacterial effects of n-sulfonated and n-sulfobenzoyl chitosan and application to oyster preservation. | the antibacterial effects of sulfonated and sulfobenzoyl chitosans were evaluated and compared with that of 69% deacetylated chitosan (dd69 chitosan). minimal inhibitory concentrations of sulfonated chitosan (sc1, 0.63% sulfur content) against shigella dysenteriae, aeromonas hydrophila, salmonella typhimurium, and bacillus cereus were found to be lower than those of dd69 chitosan. a high sulfur content in sulfonated chitosan adversely influenced its antibacterial effect. sulfobenzoyl chitosan (s ... | 1998 | 9766062 |
| a role for h-ns in the regulation of the virf gene of shigella and enteroinvasive escherichia coli. | we have investigated the role of h-ns, one of the major components of the bacterial nucleoid, in the expression of the virf gene present on the large virulence plasmid of shigella and enteroinvasive escherichia coli in response to different environmental conditions. virf is an arac-like protein which activates at least two promoters, virb and virg, both repressed by h-ns. band shift experiments reveal that the affinity of h-ns for the virf and virb promoters is comparable, while the affinity for ... | 1998 | 9766205 |
| [ampicillin resistance mediated by the r plasmid in strains of shigella flexneri]. | forty shigella flexneri strains isolated from children attended to at the children's hospital of camagüey during an outbreak of acute diarrheal disease were studied; the minimal inhibitory concentration of ampicillin was determined. 33 strains (82.5%) were resistant to higher concentrations: 8 to 16 micrograms/ml, and 7 were susceptible to 4 micrograms/ml concentrations. resistance plasmid (r) extraction was carried out in all the isolated strains and a common plasmid was found this plasmid was ... | 1994 | 9768253 |
| [shigellae isolated in 1997--plasmid profiles and antibiotic resistance]. | shigella spp is one of the most frequently isolated bacteria causing acute diarrhea with us. genetics of pathogenicity of shigella spp. includes chromosomal and plasmid genes. most virulence factors are coded by invasion plasmid antigen genes residing on a 180-230 mda plasmid. there is a big problem with multiple resistance of shigella spp. strains, which is mostly plasmid-borne. genetic analysis of bacterial cells, that is plasmid profile analysis, is important for investigation of sources and ... | 1998 | 9769662 |
| [invasion of escherichia coli a2 induces reorganization of actin microfilaments in hep-2 cells]. | bacteria of spontaneously isolated non-pathogenic strain e. coli a2 have been previously shown to produce a new proteinase, referred to as protease ecp 32, which specifically cleaves actin (khaitlina et al., 1988; matveyev et al., 1996). similar proteinase activity was found in revertants of shigella flexneri l-forms. in this work immunofluorescence and electron microscopy were used to address a question of whether e. coli a2 can invade epithelial cells similarly as it has been demonstrated for ... | 1998 | 9778735 |
| shigella and enteroinvasive escherichia coli strains are derived from distinct ancestral strains of e. coli. | the differentiation between shigella subspecies, and the phylogenetic position of shigella clones within escherichia coli clones was determined by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms of rdna (ribotyping). seventy-five shigella strains belonging to the four subspecies and 13 enteroinvasive e. coli (eiec) strains were compared with the 72 e. coli strains of the ecor collection, which have been classified into four phylogenetic groups (a, b1, b2 and d). seventeen shigella dysenter ... | 1998 | 9782516 |
| [an antigenic analysis and the protective properties of the r-form lipopolysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria]. | the antigenic and immunogenic properties of the r-form lipopolysaccharides (r-lps) of pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella minnesota, escherichia coli and shigella were studied. the results of the study revealed the existence of antigenic relationship between p.aeruginosa r-lps and r-lps escherichia and shigella. in serological tests no antigenic relationship between p. aeruginosa r-lps and salmonella r-lps was revealed, but as shown in earlier experiments of the protection of mice, re-glycolipid ... | 1998 | 9783402 |
| [an outbreak of acute intestinal infections in general education schools (2)]. | | 1998 | 9783419 |
| disruption of an internal membrane-spanning region in shiga toxin 1 reduces cytotoxicity. | shiga toxin type 1 (stx1) belongs to the shiga family of bipartite ab toxins that inactivate eukaryotic 60s ribosomes. the a subunit of stxs are n-glycosidases that share structural and functional features in their catalytic center and in an internal hydrophobic region that shows strong transmembrane propensity. both features are conserved in ricin and other ribosomal inactivating proteins. during eukaryotic cell intoxication, holotoxin likely moves retrograde from the golgi apparatus to the end ... | 1998 | 9784530 |
| [the inductive immunosuppressive activity of the lipopolysaccharide from shigella sonnei r forms]. | investigations have been carried out to find the position of lypopolysaccharide (lps) structural part which can be activated by the redox system and to study peculiarities of its activation. cell-free culture filtrate (cf) of shigella sonnei strain r colonies on the nutrient agar medium was used. it was shown that cf contained three active fractions possessing inductive immunosuppressive properties. from all the phenol-water lps fractions only lipid a possessed activity after redox treatment. o- ... | 1998 | 9785801 |
| protein profile characterization of bacterial lysates by capillary electrophoresis. | a fast and reproducible method was developed to characterize cell lysates by their electrophoretic profiles using capillary electrophoresis (ce). characteristic and reproducible patterns were recorded for each bacterial strains when "dynamic sieving" ce, using a polymer solution in the capillary, was applied to distinguish four strains of the enterobacteriaceae family. the electropherograms showed distinct differences when comparing them to the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electroph ... | 1998 | 9788315 |
| changes in outer membrane protein profiles of bacteria after meropenem-induced postantibiotic effect studied by capillary electrophoresis. | persistent inhibition of bacterial growth, called postantibiotic effect (pae), after a short exposure to a new carbapenem, meropenem, was determined in different strains of the enterobacteriaceae family. capillary electrophoresis (ce), as well as sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) were used to study the outer membrane protein (omp) profiles before and after meropenem treatment. ce proved to be suitable for the characterization of the omp profiles of bacteria. si ... | 1998 | 9788316 |
| human microvascular endothelial cells are strongly sensitive to shiga toxins. | we show here that the susceptibility of endothelial cells to shiga toxin (stx)s differs remarkably depending on their cellular origins. the concentration of stx-1 required to reduce cell viability by 50% as measured by mtt assay was 30 and 300 fm for neonatal and adult human microvascular endothelial cells (hmvec), respectively, and 30 pm for human coronary artery endothelial cells (hcaec). human umbilical venous endothelial cells (huvec) and bovine aortic endothelial cells (baec) showed no sens ... | 1998 | 9790920 |
| [water-borne epidemics of sonne dysentery--a myth or reality?]. | | 1998 | 9793447 |
| [ciprofloxacin in the treatment of dysentery caused by type 1 shigella dysenteriae during an epidemic in rwandan refugees in goma in 1994]. | there was an outbreak of dysentery caused by type i shigella dysenteriae among rwandan refugees at goma, in what was then zaire, in 1994. the causal organism was resistant to all antibiotics available from the public health authorities. the only effective antimicrobial agent available was ciprofloxacin. it was given to 326 inpatients at the médecins sans frontières (msf) center, mostly children under the age of 5, pregnant women and immunocompromised patients. a standard dose schedule was used: ... | 1998 | 9794043 |
| [a case of bacillary dysentery caused by new quinolone-resistant shigella flexneri 2a]. | a 73-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of detection of shigella flexneri 2a from his stool. antimicrobial treatment with levofloxacin (lvfx) was started, but could not eliminate the organism in the stool. in the examination of drug susceptibility, this strain was highly resistant to all new quinolones. the minimal inhibitory concentration of norfloxacin, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin to this strain was 12.5 micrograms/ml, 6.25 micrograms/ml and 6.25 micrograms/ml, respectively. th ... | 1998 | 9796193 |
| [septicemia due to shigella. a case report and review of the literature]. | knowing that the isolation of shigella in blood is considered as an unusual medical event, a case of an infant deceased from septicemia by shigella sonnei is presented here. this is the first case of the kind reported in pinar del río province. a review of the literature is included. | 1995 | 9805084 |
| predictors of serum retinol in children with shigellosis. | low serum retinol can be useful as an indicator of depleted liver vitamin a stores, particularly in population-based studies. however, serum retinol concentrations decrease transiently during infection, independent of any changes in liver stores. the magnitude of the decrease in serum retinol is often proportional to indicators of disease severity. | 1998 | 9808227 |