| some factors influencing patulin production by penicillium expansum in pome fruits. | the objective of our study was to examine the effects of penicillium expansum on patulin production in relation to isolates, species and cultivar type, incidence and severity of decay. in addition, patulin production at different incubation times and its diffusion were also investigated. these factors were evaluated in pome fruits inoculated with p. expansum and kept at 20 °c for short periods of time. | 2010 | 20623709 |
| detection of babesia vogeli in stray cats of metropolitan bangkok, thailand. | the combination of a rapidly growing stray animal population and the lack of animal control in bangkok has resulted in a unique opportunity to evaluate the potential role of companion animals as sentinels and reservoirs of infectious diseases, including several of those caused by vector-borne parasites. the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with the distribution of babesia species infections among stray cats in bangkok. blood samples were collected from ... | 2010 | 20638794 |
| ultrastructural analysis of chlamydia pneumoniae in the alzheimer's brain. | we recently reported identification of the bacterium chlamydia pneumoniae in affected brain regions of patients with alzheimer's disease (ad) (balin et al., 1998). in this report, we extend those initial observations to demonstrate that, in addition to the frequently described, standard morphological forms of the organism, pleiomorphic forms are also present in the ad brain. all ad and control brain tissues examined were verified to be pcr-positive and negative, respectively, for the organism. d ... | 1999 | 20671799 |
| inhibitory effects of antioxidant reagent in reactive oxygen species generation and penetration of appressoria of alternaria alternata japanese pear pathotype. | in the japanese pear pathotype of alternaria alternata, h2o2 is generated solely from penetration pegs and not from other portions of subcuticular hyphae within the pectin layers of host leaves. a close association between h2o2 generation and fungal aggressiveness is expected because the pegs are important for fungal penetration into the host epidermis. to determine the potential role of reactive oxygen species in microbial pathogenicity, we studied the inhibitory effects of the antioxidant reag ... | 2010 | 20701480 |
| cornelian cherry (cornus mas l.) juices as a source of minerals in human diet. | the aim of this study was to determine the mineral content of cornelian cherry (cornus mas l.), as this fruit and its preservatives may be considered as important nutritional supplements. potassium (k), calcium (ca), sodium (na), iron (fe), zinc (zn), manganese (mn), and copper (cu) were present in cornelian cherry juice as measured by atomic absorption. compared to other juices obtained from plum, pear, and apple, cornelian cherry juice contained high levels of ca, reaching 10-fold higher (323 ... | 2010 | 20706938 |
| sensory profile of a model energy drink with varying levels of functional ingredients-caffeine, ginseng, and taurine. | energy drinks have increased in popularity in recent years due to the claimed energy boost provided by functional ingredients. a multitude of functional ingredients have been utilized; however, there is limited research on their sensory effects in energy drink formulations. a 13-member descriptive analysis panel was conducted to investigate the effects on the sensory and rheological properties of 3 common functional ingredients-caffeine, ginseng, and taurine-in a noncarbonated model energy drink ... | 2010 | 20722948 |
| host range, biological variation, and phylogenetic diversity of eutypa lata in california. | the objectives of this study were to investigate the host range of eutypa lata in the major grape-growing regions in california and to analyze the phenotypic variation and phylogenetic diversity of e. lata isolates. perithecia of e. lata were found on grapevines, in apricot, almond, cherry, apple, and pear tree orchards, and on ornamentals (oleander) and native plant species (california buckeye, big leaf maple, and willow). multigene phylogenies of ribosomal dna internal transcribed spacer, β-tu ... | 2010 | 20839940 |
| mechanistically compatible mixtures of bacterial antagonists improve biological control of fire blight of pear. | mixtures of biological control agents can be superior to individual agents in suppressing plant disease, providing enhanced efficacy and reliability from field to field relative to single biocontrol strains. nonetheless, the efficacy of combinations of pseudomonas fluorescens a506, a commercial biological control agent for fire blight of pear, and pantoea vagans strain c9-1 or pantoea agglomerans strain eh252 rarely exceeds that of individual strains. a506 suppresses growth of the pathogen on fl ... | 2011 | 20839962 |
| control of fire blight by pseudomonas fluorescens a506 and pantoea vagans c9-1 applied as single strains and mixed inocula. | the biological control agents pseudomonas fluorescens a506 and pantoea vagans c9-1 were evaluated individually and in combination for the suppression of fire blight of pear or apple in 10 field trials inoculated with the pathogen erwinia amylovora. the formulation of pathogen inoculum applied to blossoms influenced establishment of the pathogen and the efficacy of biological control. pantoea vagans c9-1 suppressed fire blight in all five trials in which the pathogen was applied as lyophilized ce ... | 2010 | 20839963 |
| [relationship between ige antibodies to recombinant allergens rbet v 1 and rbet v 2 and food causing oral allergy syndrome in cases of birch-pollen allergy]. | persons allergic to birch pollen often report oral and pharyngeal hypersensitivity to fruit and vegetables, such as apples and peaches due to immunological cross-reactivity, or oral allergy syndrome (oas) sometimes accompanied by systemic reaction. such cross-reactive antigen reactions involve bet v 1, the main birch-pollen allergen, and bet v 2, birch-pollen profilin. we evaluated the food/antigen relationship. | 2010 | 20845708 |
| human motion tracking by temporal-spatial local gaussian process experts. | human pose estimation via motion tracking systems can be considered as a regression problem within a discriminative framework. it is always a challenging task to model the mapping from observation space to state space because of the high-dimensional characteristic in the multimodal conditional distribution. in order to build the mapping, existing techniques usually involve a large set of training samples in the learning process which are limited in their capability to deal with multimodality. we ... | 2011 | 20851794 |
| diversity of the bacterial community in the surface soil of a pear orchard based on 16s rrna gene analysis. | a cultivation-independent approach based on polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-amplified partial small subunit rrna genes was used to characterize bacterial populations in the surface soil of a commercial pear orchard consisting of different pear cultivars during two consecutive growing seasons. pyrus communis l. cvs blanquilla, conference, and williams are among the most widely cultivated cultivars in europe and account for the majority of pear production in northeastern spain. to assess the heter ... | 2010 | 20890846 |
| genetic analysis of streptomycin-resistant (sm(r)) strains of erwinia amylovora suggests that dissemination of two genotypes is responsible for the current distribution of sm(r) e. amylovora in michigan. | streptomycin-resistant (sm(r)) strains of the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora were first isolated in southwest michigan in 1991. since that time, resistant strains have progressed northward to other apple-producing regions in the state. a total of 98.7% of sm(r) strains isolated between 2003 and 2009 in michigan harbored the stra-strb genes on transposon tn5393. stra and strb encode phosphotransferase enzymes that modify streptomycin to a nonbactericidal form. mutational resistance to str ... | 2011 | 20923367 |
| evaluation of kasugamycin for fire blight management, effect on nontarget bacteria, and assessment of kasugamycin resistance potential in erwinia amylovora. | the emergence and spread of streptomycin-resistant strains of erwinia amylovora in michigan has necessitated the evaluation of new compounds effective for fire blight control. the aminoglycoside antibiotic kasugamycin (ks) targets the bacterial ribosome and is particularly active against e. amylovora. the efficacy of ks formulated as kasumin 2l for control of fire blight was evaluated in six experiments conducted over four field seasons in our experimental orchards in east lansing, mi. blossom b ... | 2011 | 20923369 |
| microfluidic immunosensor with micromagnetic beads coupled to carbon-based screen-printed electrodes (spces) for determination of botrytis cinerea in tissue of fruits. | a wide range of plant species, including economically important crops such as vegetables, ornamentals, bulbs, and fundamentally fruits, can be affected by gray mold caused by the fungal pathogen botrytis cinerea . this paper describes the development of a microfluidic immunosensor with micromagnetic beads (mmbs) coupled to carbon-based screen-printed electrodes (spces) for the rapid and sensitive quantification of b. cinerea in apple (red delicious), table grape (pink moscatel), and pear (willia ... | 2010 | 20931959 |
| genome sequence of the biocontrol agent pantoea vagans strain c9-1. | pantoea vagans is a gram-negative enterobacterial plant epiphyte of a broad range of plants. here we report the 4.89-mb genome sequence of p. vagans strain c9-1 (formerly pantoea agglomerans), which is commercially registered for biological control of fire blight, a disease of pear and apple trees caused by erwinia amylovora. | 2010 | 20952567 |
| differential effect of elicitors on biphenyl and dibenzofuran formation in sorbus aucuparia cell cultures. | the rosaceous subtribe pyrinae (formerly subfamily maloideae) is well-known for its economically important fruit trees, such as apple and pear, and also includes sorbus aucuparia. elicitor-treated s. aucuparia cell cultures are used to study the biosynthesis of the pyrinae-specific phytoalexins, biphenyls and dibenzofurans. three biphenyls (aucuparin, noraucuparin, 2'-hydroxyaucuparin) and a dibenzofuran (eriobofuran) were isolated and structure elucidated using gc-ms and nmr. a second dibenzofu ... | 2010 | 20961041 |
| identification of tritrichomonas foetus pseudocysts in fresh preputial secretion samples from bulls. | tritrichomonas foetus is a serious veterinary pathogen that causes bovine trichomonosis, a sexually transmitted disease that eventually leads to abortion and infertility. t. foetus has a simple life cycle that consists of only a trophozoitic form. during unfavorable environmental conditions, the trophozoites, which are polar and flagellated, can adopt a spherical shape and internalize their flagella. these rounded organisms are known as pseudocysts. although it is currently assumed that t. foetu ... | 2010 | 21035271 |
| 'candidatus liberibacter europaeus' sp. nov. that is associated with and transmitted by the psyllid cacopsylla pyri apparently behaves as an endophyte rather than a pathogen. | 'candidatus liberibacter spp.' cause serious plant diseases. 'candidatus liberibacter asiaticus', 'ca. l. americanus' and 'ca. l. africanus' are the aetiological agents of citrus greening (huanglongbing) in asia, america and africa. 'candidatus liberibacter solanacearum' causes diseases in solanaceae in america and new zealand. all four species are vectored by psyllid insects of different genera. here, we show that the pear psyllid pest cacopsylla pyri (l.) hosts a novel liberibacter species tha ... | 2010 | 21040355 |
| selenium accumulation, distribution, and speciation in spineless prickly pear cactus: a drought- and salt-tolerant, selenium-enriched nutraceutical fruit crop for biofortified foods. | the organ-specific accumulation, spatial distribution, and chemical speciation of selenium (se) were previously unknown for any species of cactus. we investigated se in opuntia ficus-indica using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, microfocused x-ray fluorescence elemental and chemical mapping (μxrf), se k-edge x-ray absorption near-edge structure (xanes) spectroscopy, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms). μxrf showed se concentrated inside small conic, vestigial leaves ... | 2010 | 21059825 |
| complete genome sequence of japanese erwinia strain ejp617, a bacterial shoot blight pathogen of pear. | the japanese erwinia strain ejp617 is a plant pathogen that causes bacterial shoot blight of pear in japan. here, we report the complete genome sequence of strain ejp617 isolated from nashi pears in japan to provide further valuable insight among related erwinia species. | 2010 | 21075933 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization vibrio cholerae o139 of clinical and aquatic isolates in china. | to enhance the understanding of epidemiological impact of environmental vibrio cholerae o139 strains, we characterized 10 clinical and 20 environmental isolates collected from human clinical samples and pear river estuary during 2006 to 2008. isolates were tested by pcr for eight virulence genes: cholera toxin (ctxa), zonula occludens toxin (zot), accessory cholera enterotoxin (ace), hemolysin (hlya), nag-specific heat-stable toxin (st), toxin-coregulated pilus (tcpa), outer membrane protein (om ... | 2010 | 21079963 |
| multicystic bone disease (gorham-stout syndrome) in a spider monkey (ateles geoffroyi ). | in april 2000, a 2.5-year-old pet female geoffroyi's spider monkey presented for reduced activity, a subdued demeanor, and boney enlargement involving both radii. | 2010 | 21158869 |
| insecticidal activity against bemisia tabaci biotype b of peel essential oil of citrus sinensis var. pear and citrus aurantium cultivated in northeast brazil. | the fumigant action of peel essential oils of citrus sinensis var. pear (pear orange = po) and c. aurantium (bitter orange = bo) from the northeast of brazil were evaluated against bemisia tabaci biotype b and compared with eugenol as a positive control. the oil concentration in the po at 8.5 microl/l of air caused 97% mortality, while the oil concentration of bo at 9.5 microl/l of air caused 99% mortality. however, the lc50 estimates for both oils (lc50 = 3.80 microl/l of air for po and lc50 = ... | 2010 | 21213990 |
| horizontal gene and chromosome transfer in plant pathogenic fungi affecting host range. | plant pathogenic fungi adapt quickly to changing environments including overcoming plant disease resistance genes. this is usually achieved by mutations in single effector genes of the pathogens, enabling them to avoid recognition by the host plant. in addition, horizontal gene transfer (hgt) and horizontal chromosome transfer (hct) provide a means for pathogens to broaden their host range. recently, several reports have appeared in the literature on hgt, hct and hybridization between plant path ... | 2011 | 21223323 |
| the outer membrane protein tolc is required for phytoalexin resistance and virulence of the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora. | erwinia amylovora causes fire blight on several plant species such as apple and pear, which produce diverse phytoalexins as defence mechanisms. an evolutionary successful pathogen thus must develop resistance mechanisms towards these toxic compounds. the e. amylovora outer membrane protein, tolc, might mediate phytoalexin resistance through its interaction with the multidrug efflux pump, acrab. to prove this, a tolc mutant and an acrb/tolc double mutant were constructed. the minimal inhibitory c ... | 2009 | 21255278 |
| characterization of the rcsc sensor kinase from erwinia amylovora and other enterobacteria. | rcsc is a hybrid sensor kinase which contains a sensor domain, a histidine kinase domain, and a receiver domain. we have previously demonstrated that, although the erwinia amylovora rcsc mutant produces more amylovoran than the wild-type (wt) strain in vitro, the mutant remains nonpathogenic on both immature pear fruit and apple plants. in this study, we have comparatively characterized the erwinia rcsc and its homologs from various enterobacteria. results demonstrate that expression of the erwi ... | 2011 | 21261468 |
| hypersensitive response and acyl-homoserine lactone production of the fire blight antagonists erwinia tasmaniensis and erwinia billingiae. | fire blight caused by the gram-negative bacterium erwinia amylovora can be controlled by antagonistic microorganisms. we characterized epiphytic bacteria isolated from healthy apple and pear trees in australia, named erwinia tasmaniensis, and the epiphytic bacterium erwinia billingiae from england for physiological properties, interaction with plants and interference with growth of e. amylovora. they reduced symptom formation by the fire blight pathogen on immature pears and the colonization of ... | 2008 | 21261861 |
| ordinary glomeruli in the antennal lobe of male and female tortricid moth grapholita molesta (busck) (lepidoptera: tortricidae) process sex pheromone and host-plant volatiles. | both sexes of grapholita molesta, a key pest of stone fruits, are able to detect host-plant volatiles and the sex pheromone emitted by females, and to modify their behaviour accordingly. how olfactory information is processed in the central nervous system is unknown. intracellular recordings and stainings were used to characterize antennal lobe (al) neuron responses to single pheromone components, a behaviourally active blend of five peach volatiles and a pear-fruit ester. al neurons with differ ... | 2011 | 21270313 |
| ultrasonographic characterization of the liver, caudal vena cava, portal vein, and gallbladder in goats. | to characterize the localization, visible extent (ie, measurement of selected dimensions), and appearance of the liver, caudal vena cava, portal vein, and gallbladder during ultrasonography in healthy goats. | 2011 | 21281196 |
| molecular variability analyses of apple chlorotic leaf spot virus capsid protein. | the complete sequences of the coat protein (cp) gene of 26 isolates of apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (aclsv) from india were determined. the isolates were obtained from various pome (apple, pear and quince) and stone (plum, peach, apricot, almond and wild himalayan cherry) fruit trees. other previously characterized aclsv isolates and trichoviruses were used for comparative analysis. indian aclsv isolates among themselves and with isolates from elsewhere in the world shared 91-100% and 70-98% ... | 2010 | 21289443 |
| complete genome sequence of pirellula staleyi type strain (atcc 27377). | pirellula staleyi schlesner and hirsch 1987 is the type species of the genus pirellula of the family planctomycetaceae. members of this pear- or teardrop-shaped bacterium show a clearly visible pointed attachment pole and can be distinguished from other planctomycetes by a lack of true stalks. strains closely related to the species have been isolated from fresh and brackish water, as well as from hypersaline lakes. here we describe the features of this organism, together with the complete genome ... | 2009 | 21304671 |
| complete genome sequence of planctomyces limnophilus type strain (mü 290). | planctomyces limnophilus hirsch and müller 1986 belongs to the order planctomycetales, which differs from other bacterial taxa by several distinctive features such as internal cell compartmentalization, multiplication by forming buds directly from the spherical, ovoid or pear-shaped mother cell and a cell wall which is stabilized by a proteinaceous layer rather than a peptidoglycan layer. besides pirellula staleyi, this is the second completed genome sequence of the family planctomycetaceae. p. ... | 2010 | 21304691 |
| improvement of the efficacy of linear undecapeptides against plant-pathogenic bacteria by incorporation of d-amino acids. | a set of 31 undecapeptides, incorporating 1 to 11 d-amino acids and derived from the antimicrobial peptide bp100 (kklfkkilkyl-nh(2)), was designed and synthesized. this set was evaluated for inhibition of growth of the plant-pathogenic bacteria erwinia amylovora, pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, and xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria, hemolysis, and protease degradation. two derivatives were as active as bp100, and 10 peptides displayed improved activity, with the all-d isomer being the mo ... | 2011 | 21335383 |
| housing and feeding of xenopus laevis. | introductiongood animal husbandry is vital for maintaining a healthy frog population. this requires some effort but is generally rewarded by high-quality egg and embryo production. a healthy frog is placid, with moderately slimy skin and a nice pear shape. jumpy frogs, frogs with dry or excessively slimy skin, bloated frogs, and frogs that look gray and thin or reddish are not healthy and should not be used for egg collection, as this would lead to further deterioration of the animals' condition ... | 2007 | 21357089 |
| oxidative stress responses and root lignification induced by fe deficiency conditions in pear and quince genotypes. | we analysed pyrus communis cv. conference and cydonia oblonga ba29, differently tolerant to lime-induced chlorosis, to identify the key mechanisms involved in their different performance under fe deficiency induced by the absence of fe (-fe) or by the presence of bicarbonate (+febic). under our experimental conditions, a decrease in root elongation was observed in ba29 under bicarbonate supply. superoxide dismutase (sod) and peroxidase (pod) activities were analysed and the relative isoforms wer ... | 2011 | 21389006 |
| tissue culture and top-fruit tree species. | the commercial cultivation of rosaceous fruit trees (e.g., pear, apple, cherry, peach, plum) relies heavily upon the quality and performance of the rootstocks. this is even more the case now that self-rooted scions produce larger trees with a longer juvenile phase (1). it would, therefore, be of special interest for the fruit breeder to have general purpose rootstocks with a wide ecophysiological adaptation and high compatibility coupled with early cropping. in addition, many of the older and hi ... | 1990 | 21390607 |
| determination of dodine in fruit samples by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. | a rapid and sensitive lc/electrospray ionization-ms/ms method has been developed for the determination of dodine in fruit samples. based on a liquid-liquid extraction of 10 g solid fruit homogenate using an acetone-dichloromethane-hexane mixture and acetate ammonium buffer (ph 4.5), this lc/ms/ms procedure was characterized by recoveries above 50%, with good intra-assay precision (rsd < 13%) and interassay precision (rsd < 18%) for seven different matrixes (apple, apricot, cherry, peach, pear, p ... | 2011 | 21391507 |
| nutritive value and chemical composition of prickly pear seeds (opuntia ficus indica l.) growing in turkey. | the proximate composition and physico-chemical properties (moisture, crude lipid, crude protein, ash, and crude fiber, peroxide value, saponification value, acidity, relative density and refractive index) of prickly pear seed and corresponding oil were determined. the mineral contents (ca, cu, fe, k, mg, na, p, mn and zn) of samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. minerals determined were: calcium 471.2-ámg/kg, potassium 532.7-ámg/kg, magnesium 117.3-ámg ... | 2011 | 21391790 |
| selection of a biocontrol agent based on a potential mechanism of action: degradation of nicotinic acid, a growth factor essential for erwinia amylovora. | this work describes a medium-based screening method for selecting microbial biocontrol agents against erwinia amylovora based on the degradation of a specific growth factor. erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of the devastating fire blight disease, requires nicotinic acid or nicotinamide as an essential growth factor. potential biocontrol agents are either selected for antimicrobial production in plate or directly on immature pears or apple blossoms. in this work, we have attempted to streamlin ... | 2010 | 21404214 |
| mineral and heavy metal contents of the outer and inner tissues of commonly used fruits. | the rate of heavy metal pollution in some minor fruit samples growing at roadsides in turkey were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (icp-aes). the mineral contents of samples were found to be different depending on the several parts citrus fruits. the highest minor and heavy metal levels for citrus fruits were determined between 17.24 and 45.30 mg/kg boron, 2.08 and 15.05 mg/kg copper, 1.01 and 16.00 mg/kg iron and 2.35 and 9.87 mg/kg zinc. boron content range ... | 2011 | 21409363 |
| re-evaluation of pathogens causing valsa canker on apple in china. | valsa canker is a destructive disease on apple that causes serious economic losses in eastern asia. in the present study fungal isolates from cankered apple and pear bark were examined and compared with morphology and rdna-its sequences. valsa mali was confirmed to be an independent species and a causal pathogen of valsa canker on apple and pear in china. it was the predominant species (96.7% of isolates) on apple and was complemented by v. malicola (3.3% of isolates). significant intraspecific ... | 2011 | 21415290 |
| iron homeostasis and fire blight susceptibility in transgenic pear plants overexpressing a pea ferritin gene. | the bacterial pathogen erwinia amylovora causes the devastating disease known as fire blight in some rosaceous plants including apple and pear. one of the pathogenicity factors affecting fire blight development is the production of a siderophore, desferrioxamine, which overcomes the limiting conditions in plant tissues and also protects bacteria against active oxygen species. in this paper we examine the effect of an iron chelator protein encoded by the pea ferritin gene on the fire blight susce ... | 2011 | 21421420 |
| the hrpn effector of erwinia amylovora, which is involved in type iii translocation, contributes directly or indirectly to callose elicitation on apple leaves. | erwinia amylovora is responsible for fire blight of apple and pear trees. its pathogenicity depends on a type iii secretion system (t3ss) mediating the translocation of effectors into the plant cell. the dspa/e effector suppresses callose deposition on apple leaves. we found that e. amylovora and pseudomonas syringae dc3000 tts mutants or peptide flg22 do not trigger callose deposition as strongly as the dspa/e mutant on apple leaves. this suggests that, on apple leaves, callose deposition is po ... | 2011 | 21463207 |
| eop1 from a rubus strain of erwinia amylovora functions as a host-range limiting factor. | strains of erwinia amylovora, the bacterium causing the disease fire blight of rosaceous plants, are separated into two groups based on host range: spiraeoideae and rubus strains. spiraeoideae strains have wide host ranges, infecting plants in many rosaceous genera, including apples and pears. in the field, rubus strains infect the genus rubus exclusively, which includes raspberries and blackberries. based on comparisons of limited sequence data from a rubus and a spiraeoideae strain, the gene e ... | 2011 | 21469934 |
| comparative study of hops-containing products on human cytochrome p450-mediated metabolism. | the potential for 15 different ales (6), ciders (2 apple and 1 pear), and porters (6) and 2 non-alcoholic products to affect cytochrome p450 (cyp)-mediated biotransformation and p-glycoprotein-mediated efflux of rhodamine was examined. as in our previous study, a wide range of recovered nonvolatile suspended solids dry weights were noted. aliquots were also found to have varying effects on biotransformation and efflux. distinct differences in product ability to affect the safety and efficacy of ... | 2011 | 21476568 |
| temporal dynamics of the arthropod community in pear orchards intercropped with aromatic plants. | background: increasing attention has been paid to enhancing biological control through habitat management in agricultural systems for enhanced pest management. pest management benefits can be realised by intercropping, which can increase natural enemy abundance and, in turn, reduce pest abundance. in this study, the composition and temporal dynamics of arthropod communities in pear orchards when intercropped with aromatic plants were investigated, and the effectiveness and applicability of aroma ... | 2011 | 21480464 |
| a new myxosporean species myxobolus sclerii sp. nov. and one known species m. stomum ali et al. 2003 from two indian major carp fishes. | the present communication deals with description of one new species of myxobolus (myxozoa: myxosporea: bivalvulida), m. sclerii sp. nov. infecting eye ball of catla catla (hamilton) and redescription of m. stomum infecting scales of labeo rohita (hamilton), two major carps of kanjali and ropar wetlands respectively. spores of m. sclerii sp. nov. measure 7.9-9.5(8.7 ± 1.13) × 4.3-5.7(5 ± 0.98) μm in size. parietal folds absent. polar capsules two, equal and measuring 4-5.4(4.7 ± 0.98) × 1-2.6(1.8 ... | 2010 | 21526031 |
| reduction in bacterial ooze formation on immature fruitlets after preventive treatments of fosethyl-al against fire blight erwinia amylovora. | fire blight, caused by the bacterium erwinia amylovora (burill winslow et al.), is a very important bacterial disease on apple and pear orchards with devastating effects in some production area and in some years. fire blight control consists in a whole strategy of measures that should start with control measures in and around the fruit tree nurseries. only the use of vacciplant (laminarin), an inducer of the self-defence mechanism, is registered in belgium since 2009. in other european countries ... | 2010 | 21534464 |
| new remarkable records of microfungi from sardinia (italy). | in june 2009 we organized a botanical student excursion to the eastern part of sardinia, italy. on this occasion we were able to collect and identify over 80 species of microfungi growing on higher plants. the collecting sites were spread over a large area, among them were la caletta, capo comino, monte albo, cala gonone, monte maccione, san teodoro, capo testa. the collected microfungi were parasitic or saprophytic; basidiomycotina (uredinales), ascomycotina and deuteromycotina (hyphomycetes, c ... | 2010 | 21534478 |
| immersion of 'coscia' pear fruit in water at 55 degrees c for 60 sec controls penicillium expansum decay and delays ripening during short storage. | 'coscia' is an early ripening pear with a short postharvest life (1 month) and chemical treatments to prevent decay are generally not undertaken. this, along with the fast deterioration under shelf-life conditions, makes it difficult to contain postharvest moulds. 1-methylcyclopropene (1-mcp) has been employed with success to delay ripening and, as a co-effect, the development of decay was contained, but this treatment is not allowed for organically grown crops. here we report the results of an ... | 2010 | 21534485 |
| integrated management of phytoplasma diseases in pome fruit: an overview of efficacy results of ipm insecticides against pear psylla (cacopsylla pyri). | phytoplasmas are plant pathogenic mollicutes that cause devastating diseases in various crops worldwide. the closely related pome fruit tree phytoplasmas candidatus phytoplasma mali and candidatus phytoplasma pyri are the causal agents of apple proliferation and pear decline, respectively. they can be transmitted from tree to tree by psyllidae. as pear suckers (cacopsylla pyri) are widely considered to be the most important pest in pear orchards, a good control of this insect vector is a key ele ... | 2010 | 21539243 |
| from the cover: neuroanatomical dissociation for taxonomic and thematic knowledge in the human brain. | it is thought that semantic memory represents taxonomic information differently from thematic information. this study investigated the neural basis for the taxonomic-thematic distinction in a unique way. we gathered picture-naming errors from 86 individuals with poststroke language impairment (aphasia). error rates were determined separately for taxonomic errors ("pear" in response to apple) and thematic errors ("worm" in response to apple), and their shared variance was regressed out of each me ... | 2011 | 21540329 |
| [promoting effect of chlamydia pneumoniae infection on human laryngeal carcinoma hep-2 cell adhesion and migration]. | to explore the effect of chlamydia pneumoniae (c.pn) infection on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line hep-2 cell adhesion and migration, to further clarify the role and mechanism of c.pn infection in tumor metastasis. | 2011 | 21575458 |
| phenotypic plasticity of stem water potential correlates with crop load in horticultural trees. | conceptual models accounting for the influence of source:sink ratio on water relations of trees are theoretically relevant from a physiological perspective and practically important for irrigation scheduling. midday stem water potential of horticultural trees often declines with increasing crop load but the actual response depends on environmental, management and plant factors. here we advance a quantitative synthesis of the response of stem water potential to crop load from the perspective of p ... | 2011 | 21636690 |
| headspace-single drop microextraction (hs-sdme) in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) to evaluate the content of alkyl- and methoxy-phenolic compounds in biomass smoke. | the content of ten phenolic compounds present in four different biomass smoke materials: rock rose (cistus monpelienisis), prickly pear (opuntia ficus indica), pine needles (pinus canariensis), and almonds skin (prunus dulcis), have been evaluated. the sampling method mainly consisted of a trap alkaline solution to solubilize the phenols, and was optimized by an experimental design. average sampling efficiencies of 78.1% and an average precision value of 10.6% (as relative standard deviation, rs ... | 2011 | 21807181 |
| stylet penetration of cacopsylla pyri; an electrical penetration graph (epg) study. | detailed information on plant penetration activities by pear psylla cacopsylla pyri l. (hemiptera psyllidae) is essential to study phytoplasma transmission of "candidatus phytoplasma pyri" responsible of pear decline disease (pd) and to trace and evaluate resistant traits in new pear tree selections for advanced breeding programs. the electrical penetration graph technique or (full) epg may relevantly contribute to this knowledge. c. pyri epg waveforms were characterized on basis of amplitude, f ... | 2011 | 21802423 |
| molecular and physiological properties of bacteriophages from north america and germany affecting the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora. | for possible control of fire blight affecting apple and pear trees, we characterized erwinia amylovora phages from north america and germany. the genome size determined by electron microscopy (em) was confirmed by sequence data and major coat proteins were identified from gel bands by mass spectroscopy. by their morphology from em data, fea1h and fea100 were assigned to the podoviridae and fea104 and fea116 to the myoviridae. host ranges were essentially confined to e. amylovora, strains of the ... | 2011 | 21791029 |
| genetic characterization of the hrpl regulon of the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora reveals novel virulence factors. | the bacterial pathogen erwinia amylovora is the causal agent of fire blight, an economically significant disease of apple and pear. disease initiation by e.ôçâamylovora requires the translocation of effector proteins into host cells via the hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp) type iii secretion system (t3ss). the alternative sigma factor hrpl positively regulates the transcription of structural and translocated components of the t3ss via hrp promoter elements. to characterize genome- ... | 2011 | 21831138 |
| erwinia uzenensis sp. nov., a novel pathogen that affects european pear trees (pyrus communis l.). | bacteria were isolated from black lesions on shoots of european pear (pyrus communis) trees in an orchard in japan this novel pathogen has been characterized by phenotypic and genotypic methods, which suggested that it should belong to the genus erwinia but might not correspond to either erwinia amylovora or erwinia pyrifoliae (mizuno et al., 2010). the phylogenetic analyses of the 16s rdna, gyrb and rpod sequences indicated that it could not be assigned to any regognized species of the genus. d ... | 2011 | 21986725 |
| erwinia amylovora novel plasmid pei70: complete sequence, biogeography, and role in aggressiveness in the fire blight phytopathogen. | comparative genomics of several strains of erwinia amylovora, a plant pathogenic bacterium causal agent of fire blight disease, revealed that its diversity is primarily attributable to the flexible genome comprised of plasmids. we recently identified and sequenced in full a novel 65.8 kb plasmid, called pei70. annotation revealed a lack of known virulence-related genes, but found evidence for a unique integrative conjugative element related to that of other plant and human pathogens. comparative ... | 2011 | 22174857 |
| giant gallstone: a case report. | introduction: there is a high incidence of gallstones in the chilean population. presentation of case: we report on a 57-year-old man who complained of abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant. abdominal ultrasound indicated acute cholecystitis and a single, extremely large pear-shaped gallstone (16.8 cm long, and 7.8 cm at its widest point and 4.1 cm at its narrowest point). its fresh weight (at operation) was 278.0 g and, after 4 years, its dry weight was 259.5 g. emergency classical cholec ... | 2011 | 22096735 |
| Histochemical screening, metabolite profiling and expression analysis reveal Rosaceae roots as the site of flavan-3-ol biosynthesis. | Histochemical screening of 30 Rosaceae genera representing all classic subfamilies demonstrated flavan-3-ols (catechins) as general secondary metabolites in roots of Rosaceae. Semi-quantitative LC-MS analyses confirmed the presence of catechin, epicatechin and various dimeric flavan-3-ols (also representing higher polymeric proanthocyanidins) as prominent polyphenols in root tips of Fragaria (strawberry), Malus (apple), Rosa (rose), Pyrus (pear) and Prunus (plum). Distinct patterns of flavan-3-o ... | 2012 | 21973223 |
| comparing the genetic structure of codling moth cydia pomonella (l.) from greece and france: long distance gene-flow in a sedentary pest species. | codling moth cydia pomonella l. (lepidoptera: tortricidae) is the most important insect pest of apple production in europe. despite the economic importance of this pest, there is not information about the genetic structure of its population in greece and the patterns of gene-flow which might affect the success of control programs. in this study, we analysed nine samples from apple, pear and walnut from various regions of mainland greece using 11 microsatellite loci. six samples from the aforemen ... | 2011 | 22032419 |
| vermouth technology of production and quality characteristics. | the aperitif wine, known as vermouth, is primarily prepared by adding a mixture of herbs and spices or their extract to a base wine. as such, it could also be called aromatized liquor, or a fortified wine. various plant parts, such as seeds, wood, leaves, bark, or roots in dry form can be used in flavoring. these additives may be infused, macerated, or distilled in a base white wine, or added at various stages of preparation. the final liquid is filtered, pasteurized, and fortified (by the addit ... | 2011 | 21867897 |
| polarized growth in fungi: symmetry breaking and hyphal formation. | cell shape is a critical determinant for function. the baker's yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae changes shape in response to its environment, growing by budding in rich nutrients, forming invasive pseudohyphal filaments in nutrient poor conditions and pear shaped shmoos for growth towards a partner during mating. the human opportunistic pathogen candida albicans can switch from budding to hyphal growth, in response to numerous environmental stimuli to colonize and invade its host. hyphal growth, t ... | 2011 | 21906692 |
| Genome-Wide Identification of Genes Regulated by the Rcs Phosphorelay System in Erwinia amylovora. | The exopolysaccharide amylovoran is one of the major pathogenicity factors in Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight of apples and pears. We have previously demonstrated that the RcsBCD phosphorelay system is essential for virulence by controlling amylovoran biosynthesis. We have also found that the hybrid sensor kinase RcsC differentially regulates amylovoran production in vitro and in vivo. To further understand how the Rcs system regulates E. amylovora virulence gene expression, w ... | 2012 | 21936662 |
| detection of erwinia species from the apple and pear flora by mass spectroscopy of whole cells and with novel pcr primers. | to detect the apple and pear pathogens erwinia amylovora and erwinia pyrifoliae as well as the related epiphytes erwinia tasmaniensis and erwinia billingiae, we created novel pcr primers and also applied them to a series of other plant-associated bacteria as control. to facilitate fast diagnosis, we used matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms). | 2012 | 21973322 |
| the mycotoxin, patulin, increases the expression of pxr and ahr and their target cytochrome p450s in primary cultured human hepatocytes. | the mycotoxin, patulin (pat), which is frequently found in apples, grapes, oranges, pear, peaches, and in apple juices, has previously been shown to be cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic. in this study, we have investigated the effect of pat on mrna level of pregnane x receptor (pxr), constitutive androstane receptor (car), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr), and their corresponding target cytochrome p450s. using primary cultures of adult human hepatocytes, we evaluated pat cytotoxicity on hepatoc ... | 2011 | 21939362 |
| use of a multivariate approach to assess the incidence of alicyclobacillus spp. in concentrate fruit juices marketed in argentina: results of a 14-year survey. | the purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of alicyclobacillus spp. in fruit/vegetable juices (concentrated pulps and clarified and non-clarified juices) marketed in argentina between 1996 and 2009. the presence of alicyclobacillus was determined in a total of 8556 samples of fruit and vegetable juices (apple, pear, grape, peach, blend of juices, tangerine, pineapple, orange, mango, plum, guava, apricot, lemon, banana, kiwi, carrot, strawberry, grapefruit, and beetroot) collected i ... | 2011 | 21962940 |
| hopx1 in erwinia amylovora functions as an avirulence protein in apple and is regulated by hrpl. | fire blight is a devastating disease of rosaceous plants caused by the gram-negative bacterium erwinia amylovora. this pathogen delivers virulence proteins into host cells utilizing the type iii secretion system (t3ss). expression of the t3ss and of translocated and secreted substrates is activated by the alternative sigma factor hrpl, which recognizes hrp box promoters upstream of regulated genes. a collection of hidden markov model (hmm) profiles was used to identify putative hrp boxes in the ... | 2011 | 22123252 |
| development of an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay applied to the botrytis cinerea quantification in tissues of postharvest fruits. | botrytis cinerea is a phytopathogenic fungus responsible for the disease known as gray mold, which causes substantial losses of fruits at postharvest. this fungus is present often as latent infection and an apparently healthy fruit can deteriorate suddenly due to the development of this infection. for this reason, rapid and sensitive methods are necessary for its detection and quantification. this article describes the development of an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (eli ... | 2011 | 21970317 |
| effect of several different pollens on the bio-ecological parameters of the predatory mite typhlodromus athenas swirski and ragusa (acari: phytoseiidae). | the development, survivorship, and reproduction of the predacious mite typhlodromus athenas swirski and ragusa were studied in the laboratory by rearing the predator on nine different plant pollens [almond(prunus amygdalis batsch), apple (malus domestica borkh.), apricot (prunus armeniaca l.), cherry (prunus avium l.), pear (pyrus communis l.), plum (prunus domestica l.), walnut (juglans regia l.), olive (olea europaea l.), typha sp.], and pollen collected from bee hives. all experiments were c ... | 2011 | 22251637 |
| analysis of the global transcriptional profiles of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) isolate e24377a. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) is an important pathogenic variant (pathovar) of e. coli in developing countries from a human health perspective, causing significant morbidity and mortality. previous studies have examined specific regulatory networks in etec, although little is known about the global effects of inter- and intra-kingdom signaling on the expression of virulence and colonization factors in etec. in this study, an e.coli/shigella pan-genome microarray, combined with quantita ... | 2012 | 22215741 |
| growth characteristics and physiological functionality of yeasts in pear marc extracts. | kluyveromyces fragilis kctc 7260 and saccharomyces cerevisiae kctc 7904, which both grew well in pear marc extract, were selected and their growth profiles and physiological functionalities were determined. both of the selected yeasts established maximal growth by 20 hr of cultivation at 30℃ in pear marc extract. the cell-free extracts showed high antihypertensive angiotensin i-converting enzyme inhibitory activity of 68.9% and 52.1%, respectively. the extracts also displayed 9.2 u/ml and 12.0 u ... | 2011 | 22783099 |
| microbial ecology studies of spontaneous fermentation: starter culture selection for prickly pear wine production. | a procedure for designing starter cultures for fermentation is illustrated for prickly pear wine production. the illustration includes kinetic studies on inoculated and spontaneous fermentation, microorganism identification studies based on molecular biology tools, and microbial ecology studies, which led to the selection of strains that are capable of synthesizing alcohol and desirable volatile compounds. results show that a mixed starter inoculum containing pichia fermentans and saccharomyces ... | 2011 | 22417507 |
| the fading distinctions between classical patterns of ripening in climacteric and non-climacteric fruit and the ubiquity of ethylene-an overview. | the process of fruit ripening is normally viewed distinctly in climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. but, many fruits such as guava, melon, japanese plum, asian pear and pepper show climacteric as well as non-climacteric behaviour depending on the cultivar or genotype. investigations on in planta levels of co2 and ethylene at various stages of fruits during ripening supported the role and involvement of changes in the rate of respiration and ethylene production in non-climacteric fruits such a ... | 2011 | 23572821 |
| diversity of apple mosaic virus isolates in india based on coat protein and movement protein genes. | apple mosaic virus (apmv), an ilarvirus is one of the most common pathogens of apple worldwide. during field surveys in commercial plantations of himachal pradesh and jammu & kashmir, observations of bright chlorotic mosaic like symptoms on apple trees indicated probable infection by the virus, which was later detected by double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (das-elisa). an incidence of 24 and 28% (based on elisa) was obtained as 6/25 and 15/53 samples from hp and j&k were ... | 2011 | 23637501 |
| divisional morphogenesis in bakuella pampinaria nov. spec, and reevaluation of the classification of the urostylids (ciliophora, hypotrichida). | a new hypotrichous ciliare, bakuella pampinaria nov. spec, colonizing vineleaf and pear-tree litter, is described. bakuella pampinaria differs from the other species of the genus by having distinct rows of yellowish cortical granules. several morphogenetic differences separate bakuella pampinaria from bakuella edaphoni and other congeners, especially in that the transverse cirri do not participate in the formation of the oral primordium. the type population of pseudourostyla cristata was reinves ... | 2011 | 23195347 |
| appressorium-localized nadph oxidase b is essential for aggressiveness and pathogenicity in the host-specific, toxin-producing fungus alternaria alternata japanese pear pathotype. | black spot disease, alternaria alternata japanese pear pathotype, produces the host-specific toxin ak-toxin, an important pathogenicity factor. previously, we have found that hydrogen peroxide is produced in the hyphal cell wall at the plant-pathogen interaction site, suggesting that the fungal reactive oxygen species (ros) generation machinery is important for pathogenicity. in this study, we identified two nadph oxidase (noxa and noxb) genes and produced nox disruption mutants. δnoxa and δnoxb ... | 2012 | 23279187 |
| burdock fructooligosaccharide induces fungal resistance in postharvest kyoho grapes by activating the salicylic acid-dependent pathway and inhibiting browning. | burdock fructooligosaccharide (bfo) is a natural elicitor from arcitum lappa. the effects of bfo in controlling postharvest disease in grape, apple, banana, kiwi, citrus, strawberry, and pear were investigated. the disease index, decay percentage, and area under the disease progress curve indicated that bfo has general control effects on postharvest disease of fruits. kyoho grapes were studied to elucidate the mechanism of bfo in boosting the resistance of grapes to botrytis cinerea infection. b ... | 2012 | 23265522 |
| effect of available nutrients on yield and quality of pear fruit bartlett in kashmir valley india. | pear is one of the most important commercial crops grown in the kashmir valley of india. a study was conducted during 2008 to find out the effect of available nutrients on yield and quality parameters of pear cultivar "bartlett" which revealed that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium exhibited significant and positive relationship with fruit length (0.882, 0.856, and 0.482 mm, respectively), diameter (0.869, 0.794 and 0.458 mm, respectively), weight (0.876, 0.825 and 0.439 g, respectively), volum ... | 2012 | 23741793 |
| [the importance of genus alternaria in mycotoxins production and human diseases]. | alternaría is a cosmopolitan fungal genus that includes saprophytic, endophytic and pathogenic species, widely distributed in soil and organic matter in decomposition. plant pathogenic species affect cereals, vegetables and fruit crops in the field and during storage. alternaría spp. contamination is responsible for some of the world's most devastating plant diseases, causing serious reduction of crop yields and considerable economic losses. alternaría species produce more than 70 secondary meta ... | 2012 | 23588425 |
| comparative genomics of japanese erwinia pyrifoliae strain ejp617 with closely related erwinias. | japanese erwinia pyrifoliae strains cause bacterial shoot blight of pear (bsbp) in japan. the genetics of japanese erwinia remains largely unknown relative to the abundant genomic information available for other erwinia strains. we compared the genome of japanese and korean e. pyrifoliae strains along with those of e. amylovora and e. tasmaniensis. comparisons with the korean e. pyrifoliae strain revealed numerous gene insertions/deletions, rearrangements, and inversions in the central regions o ... | 2012 | 23517317 |
| beware the batus cactus--cactus dermatitis in exercising soldiers on the albertan prairie. | species of the opuntia or prickly pear genus of cacti are endemic to the british army training unit suffield (batus) training area in alberta, canada. they are known to provoke a dermatitis reaction in harvesters of the cacti fruit. it's spines are frequently an uncomfortable nuisance to unwary soldiers exercising in batus. we report two cases of particularly debilitating adverse skin reactions to the cacti spines that occurred during the 2010 exercise prairie thunder season. | 2012 | 23472572 |
| comparison of activated carbon and oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified with bis(3-nitrobenzylidene)-1,2-ethanediamine for enrichment of trace amounts of some metal ions. | the efficiency of modified activated carbon (ac) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (mwcnts) for the separation/preconcentration and determination of co, cd, pb, zn, and cu following their complexation by bis(3-nitrobenzylidene)-1,2-ethanediamine has been described and compared. a one-at-a-time optimization method investigated the influence of various parameters that significantly influence the recoveries of the studied metal ions. at the optimum values of all variables, the response was linear ov ... | 2012 | 23451396 |
| the tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome revisited. | the tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome (trps) is a rare congenital disorder, characterized by (1) a peculiar and somewhat pear-shaped nose, (2) sparse and brittle scalp hair, and (3) radiographic evidence of cone-shaped epiphyses of the hands. on the basis of clinical, radiographic and genetic criteria, two subtypes (type i and ii) are discerned. we describe an intermediate "hybrid" variant of the trps in a patient with clinical and radiographic features of trps type i, but with a clearly abnormal ... | 2012 | 3496219 |
| the internal acoustic meatus. anatomic variations and relations to other temporal bone structures. | the internal acoustic meatus was evaluated in 97 temporal bone specimens, half of which were radiographed in different projections. part of the material was also examined by multidirectional and computed tomography. casts of the specimens were prepared and the meatuses were measured in different planes. the anatomic variations, especially in the transverse plane, and their relations to other structures in the petrous bone, were assessed. the meatus varied in shape, being mainly either long and t ... | 2013 | 3799220 |
| [intraluminal diverticulum of the duodenum. report of a case and review of published cases]. | the intraluminal diverticulum of the duodenum is very rare; it is an anatomical sac like formation, located in the interior of the duodenum and communicating with it through an orifice situated a the upper pole of the diverticulum where the wall is covered by mucosa on both faces. it has interesting etiopathogenic problems. we present an observation after reviewing the corresponding literature. it was a 32-year old woman suffering from moderate epigastric pains, pyrosis, chronic constipation, ma ... | 2000 | 97140 |
| [a reconstruction attempt in progressive osteolysis (gorham disease) of the mandible. a case report]. | | 2012 | 3313700 |
| inferior vena caval occlusion: characteristic radiographic changes on excretory urography and barium enema examination. | acute occlusion of the inferior vena cava produces characteristic radiographic findings on intravenous urogram and barium enema examination. the urinary bladder is compressed anteriorly and superiorly giving an inverted pear-shaped appearance, and the distal ureters are medially displaced. barium enema examinations demonstrate narrowing and elevation of the rectosigmoid region along with an increase in the presacral space. four cases are described to illustrate the usefulness of these findings i ... | 1989 | 401585 |
| [epithelial hemangioma and hemangioendothelioma]. | a comparison was performed of common as well as of different marks of 5 epitheloid hemangiomas and 5 epitheloid hemangioendotheliomas. histiocytoid features of tumour endothelial cells was obvious in both cases but a common structural basis was represented by solid epithelial buds growing from vessels of medium class and tunnelized by fusion of big cytoplasmic vacuoles. differential diagnosis of epitheloid hemangioma was related to vasculitic processes. there were difficulties in discriminating ... | 2012 | 3768992 |
| topography of vestibulocochlear nerve fibers in the posterior cranial fossa. | in the posterior cranial fossa, the separation of the vestibular and cochlear subdivisions of the eighth nerve is clear in about 75% of cases. although in the remaining cases the vestibulocochlear cleavage plane is not visible macroscopically, the large-fibered vestibular subdivision and the small-fibered cochlear subdivision are well recognized in histological sections. within the cochlear subdivision, some fibers of large caliber are mixed with fibers of small caliber in a region we named the ... | 2012 | 3302570 |
| bladder shape and racial origin. | the shape of the full bladder was studied during the course of 70 consecutive normal intravenous urograms. a conical or pear-shaped bladder was more frequently seen in patients of black african origin than in white northern europeans and more frequently in males than in females. this configuration was found in the absence of pelvic pathology and is considered a normal variant. non-pathological medial deviation of the ureters is not closely associated, suggesting that the mechanisms for medial pl ... | 2014 | 4064527 |
| [follow-up in gorham-stout syndrome]. | | 2012 | 3460945 |
| the influence of instructional set on schizophrenic vs. organic concreteness. | 36 male patients (12 schizophrenic, 12 organic, and 12 neurotic), age 19-57, each took two forms of the gorham proverbs test under two different instructional sets. it was hypothesized that for schizophrenics, a higher level of abstraction would be obtained on the proverbs task when the instructions required less personal involvement of the patient than when a more personalized set was used; whereas the performance of organic and neurotic patients would not be affected by the variation in instru ... | 2000 | 14808 |
| systemic beta-adrenoceptor responses to salbutamol given by metered-dose inhaler alone and with pear shaped spacer attachment: comparison of electrocardiographic, hypokalaemic and haemodynamic effects. | 1. seven normal subjects were given cumulative doubling doses of inhaled salbutamol either by metered-dose inhaler (mdi) alone, or in conjunction with a pear shaped spacer attachment (pss). dose increments were made every 20 min from 100 micrograms to 2000 micrograms. 2. plasma potassium (k), electrocardiographic (ecg) and haemodynamic (hr, sbp and dbp) responses were measured at each dose increment. 3. there were falls in k (as mean and 95% ci) in response to salbutamol (p less than 0.001): 3.7 ... | 2006 | 2547409 |
| [prickly pear as an acid absorber]. | | 2008 | 2631173 |
| [detection of fruit juice adulteration in apple and pear juice]. | a method has been developed to detect the adulteration of pear juice with apples and apple juice with pears. in different varieties of apples and pears and in several commercial juices the flavonoids were examined by hplc with respect to their quality and quantity. the chalcones phloretin glucoside and phloretin xyloglucoside are typical compounds found in apples (detection limit 7 ng). they are suitable indicators for detecting adulteration of pear juice with apples. isohamnetin glucoside canno ... | 2008 | 2718633 |
| virus-like flexuous rods associated with pear vein yellows. | | 2014 | 4107034 |