| estimation of the genetic variation in complement activity of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | the complement status of hybrid, laboratory raised carp was determined by an in vitro approach of the alternate complement activity (ach50) and total haemolytic activity (ch50), and by measurement of serum c3 levels. the lysis of target sheep red blood cells (rbc) in the haemolytic assay for ch50 activity depended, amongst others, on the haemolysin concentration in the assay. rocket electrophoresis showed a mean serum c3 concentration of 0.95 mg ml-1. the variation for both ach50 and ch50 haemol ... | 1993 | 8236805 |
| [localization and activity of several enzymes in tissues of bothriocephalus acheilognathi and khawia sinensis tapeworms parasitizing carp]. | in this study, an attempt has been made to compare the most common species of tapeworms in carp: non-segmentary khawia sinensis and segmentary bothriocephalus acheilognathi on the basis of histoenzymatic examination of 8 enzymes, i.e. alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, nonspecific esterase alfa, succinic dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, leucine aminopeptidase and gamma-glutamylo transferase. | 1993 | 8237009 |
| multiphasic allometry. | a multiphasic linear model is presented that describes the allometric relation between body components and permits a smooth transition from one linear segment to the next. three applications of a diphasic linear model to allometric growth problems were used to illustrate the model. the data sets were selected because a breakpoint exists in the allometric relation. relations between growth of the alimentary tract and of empty body weight in rabbits, growth of length and of body weight in larval-c ... | 1993 | 8244622 |
| the expression of rat gap-43 cdna in transgenic carp. | to understand more about growth-associated protein-43 (gap-43), we produced transgenic carp by introduction of a rat gap-43 cdna linked to the rous sarcoma virus-long terminal repeat into fertilized eggs. of 180 eggs microinjected with exogenous gene, 59 embryos hatched and 4 fish were found to contain the exogenous gene sequences in the genomic dna. from a mature female transgenic carp, parthenogenetically, 126 progeny were derived and 52 of them survived for more than 90 days. the exogenous ge ... | 1993 | 8257558 |
| antibody dependent haemolysin, complement and opsonin in sera of a major carp, cirrhina mrigala and catfish, clarias batrachus and heteropneustes fossilis. | the present communication is a continuation of our earlier study on the natural serum haemagglutinin/lectins of cirrhina mrigala, clarias batrachus and heteropneustes fossilis. sera of cirrhina mrigala, belonging to the major carp family, could not only agglutinate heterologous rabbit erythrocytes, but also lyse them spontaneously. this lysis of rabbit rbc by cirrhina mrigala sera was calcium ion dependent and heat sensitive, indicating thereby that the haemolysis was mediated by the fish serum ... | 1993 | 8281746 |
| localized leucocyte response to ichthyophthirius multifiliis establishment in immune carp cyprinus carpio l. | o-group carp (cyprinus carpio) which had been immunized against ichthyophthirius multifiliis by controlled infections were challenged by topical application of theronts to the caudal fin. the parasites which established were examined ultrastructurally, and host leucocyte responses were compared with those observed in primary infections. in the primary exposure group eosinophils and (to a lesser extent) basophils were the predominant cells infiltrating infection sites. in contrast, parasite devel ... | 1993 | 8291210 |
| molecular cloning and sequencing of a carp cdna encoding mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. | we have cloned a full-length cdna encoding the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (mkk) from a carp liver cdna library. the cdna contains 1970 bp with a single open reading frame encoding a 397 amino acid protein. by comparing with known mkk sequences from other species, carp mkk is 78%, 80%, 76% and 58% identical to rat mkk1, rat mkk2, xenopus mkk and drosophila mkk. | 1994 | 8312367 |
| the occurrence of sphaerospora renicola k-stages in the choroidal rete mirabile of the common carp. | it is known from earlier studies that the so-called k-protozoa, the late presporogonic stages of sphaerospora renicola, a parasite causing renal sphaerosporosis in common carp (cyprinus carpio), accumulate in the swimbladder wall and give rise to the disease called myxosporean swimbladder inflammation. the present study indicates that in the case of intensive infection these parasites also occur in the rete mirabile of the choroid of the eye, causing haemorrhages and necrosis. the results sugges ... | 1993 | 8314174 |
| purification and properties of an indian major carp (cirrhinus mrigala, ham.) pituitary thyrotropin. | thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh) was isolated and purified from the pituitaries of indian major carp, cirrhinus mrigala, with the help of a sensitive in vitro bioassay system, based on incubating isolated thyroid follicles from murrel, channa gachua. in this assay, addition of test material containing tsh increased thyroxine (t4) release into the medium which was then measured by radioimmunoassay (ria). tsh activity was eluted as one major peak on sephadex g-100 gel filtration (peak i), which a ... | 1993 | 8319876 |
| expansion of genes that encode mhc class i molecules in cyprinid fishes. | we have analyzed the genomic genes and the mrna that encode mhc class i molecules in cyprinid fishes, namely, the ginbuna crucian carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii) and the carp (cyprinus carpio). the presence of several distinct class i genes was revealed in the genome of cyprinid fishes, and distinct class i genes that are expressed in carp cells were identified. the sequences of the alpha 3 domain of these class i genes are relatively well conserved, whereas the sequences of the respective ... | 1993 | 8326125 |
| effects of inoculum route and dose on the immune response of common carp, cyprinus carpio to the blood parasite, trypanoplasma borreli. | carp were inoculated intramuscularly (im) or intraperitoneally (ip) with different doses of live trypanoplasma borreli. prepatent period was shortened by using the im route and by increasing the dose. haematocrit was reduced following im inoculation with 9.5 x 10(5) parasites. most fish recovered between 8 and 13 weeks post-inoculation (wpi). neither parasitaemia nor anaemia was detected in any recovered fish following homologous challenge. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to q ... | 1993 | 8333145 |
| regulation of expression of transgenes in developing fish. | the transcriptional regulatory elements of the beta-actin gene of carp (cyprinus carpio) have been examined in zebrafish and goldfish harbouring transgenes. the high sequence conservation of the putative regulatory elements in the beta-actin genes of animals suggested that their function would be conserved, so that transgenic constructs with the same transcriptional control elements would promote similar levels of transgene expression in different species of transgenic animals. to test this assu ... | 1993 | 8353534 |
| expression and inheritance of rsvltr-rtgh1 complementary dna in the transgenic common carp, cyprinus carpio. | transgenic common carp, cyprinus carpio, possessing the long terminal repeat (ltr) sequence of avian rous sarcoma virus (rsv) fused to the rainbow trout (rt) growth hormone (gh1) complementary dna (cdna) were produced by microinjection. initial studies showed that the transgenic common carp transmitted the foreign dna to a significant fraction of their progeny in three of four crosses of transgenic males with control females. these progeny grew 20 to 40% faster than their nontransgenic full sibl ... | 1993 | 8364692 |
| efficiency of introns from various origins in fish cells. | several vectors containing (1) regulatory regions from rous sarcoma virus (rsv), human cytomegalovirus (cmv), and herpes simplex thymidine kinase (tk); (2) introns from early or late sv40 genes and from trout growth hormone gene (tgh); (3) chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (cat); and (4) transcription terminators from sv40 were transfected into carp epc cells, salmon chse cells, tilapia to2 cells, quail qt6 cells, and hamster cho cells. cat activity was measured in extracts from several cel ... | 1993 | 8395951 |
| recombinant carp (cyprinus carpio) growth hormone: expression, purification, and determination of biological activity in vitro and in vivo. | carp growth hormone (cgh) cdna (koren et al., 1989) was cloned under the control of lambda-phage plol promoter and lambda cll ribosomal binding site into pbr322 plasmid to enable its expression in escherichia coli a1645 that produces constitutively the thermolabile lambda repressor c1857. temperature shift to 42 degrees abolished the repression, resulting in a high level of cgh expression. the bacterially expressed cgh protein, contained within the refractile body pellet, was solubilized in 4.5 ... | 1993 | 8428649 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of cdnas encoding the mhc class ii beta chain in atlantic salmon (salmo salar). | atlantic salmon (salmo salar) cdnas encoding the major histocompatibility complex (mhc-sasa) class ii beta chain were isolated from a leucocyte library by a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) approach. three different cdnas (c144, c22, and c157) encoding the entire mature beta chain have been analyzed. clone c144 differs from clone c157 in 12.6% of the nucleotides in the beta 1-encoding region. the corresponding differences between clones c144 and c22, and clones c22 and c157, are 10.3% and 5.2%, r ... | 1993 | 8436418 |
| plasmodium falciparum: the immune response in rabbits to the clustered asparagine-rich protein (carp) after immunization in freund's adjuvant or immunostimulating complexes (iscoms). | the plasmodium falciparum clustered asparagine-rich protein (carp) is a merozoite-associated antigen which contains approximately 30% asparagine. analysis of the dna sequences located 5' of the cloned 1.4-kb carp gene in the p. falciparum genome suggests that this gene fragment may encode the complete carp and that the gene product is a protein of m(r) 50,000. to analyze the immunogenicity of carp, the gene was expressed as a fusion protein with staphylococcal protein a (spa-carp). immunization ... | 1993 | 8454022 |
| distribution of non-class-iii beta-tubulin isoforms in neuronal and non-neuronal cells. | beta-tubulin isoforms in brain tissues and in cell lines were analyzed by high-resolution isoelectric focusing in combination with monoclonal antibodies. post-translational modifications of brain non-class-iii beta-tubulin isoforms were found in phylogenetically distant species ranging from pig to carp. less extensive modifications were also observed in neuro-2a, hela and 3t3 cells, where most acidic isoforms were glutamylated, while the basic, most abundant isoforms were not. the data suggest p ... | 1993 | 8462682 |
| characterization of beta 2-microglobulin transcripts from two teleost species. | using degenerate primers based on published beta 2-microglobulin sequences we were able to obtain an expected 111 base pairs (bp) polymerase chain reaction (pcr) fragment from tilapia genomic dna. the sequence of this fragment showed a high degree of similarity to mouse beta 2-microglobulin at the protein level. we used these primers in an "anchored pcr" to obtain a 213 bp pcr fragment from a carp cdna library. this was then used to clone a full-length beta 2-microglobulin cdna from carp. the ca ... | 1993 | 8462991 |
| an invertebrate calcium-binding protein of the calbindin subfamily: protein structure, genomic organization, and expression pattern of the calbindin-32 gene of drosophila. | antisera against vertebrate calcium-binding proteins cross-react with drosophila nervous and muscle tissue. we have used an antiserum against carp parvalbumin to isolate from a drosophila head cdna library immunopositive expression clones. tissue in situ hybridization identified a clone that labeled specific neurons and muscles similar to the parvalbumin-like immunohistochemical staining pattern. five independent cdnas derive from an mrna whose open reading frame codes for a 310 amino acid polyp ... | 1993 | 8478695 |
| the deduced amino acid sequence of human carbonic anhydrase-related protein (carp) is 98% identical to the mouse homologue. | a recently reported mrna, encoding 'carbonic anhydrase-related polypeptide' (carp) from the purkinje cells of mouse cerebellum, was shown to have a 30-40% deduced amino acid sequence identity with the carbonic anhydrases (ca) of mammals. in order to compare the mouse and human carp sequences, we used the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to amplify human carp sequences from several cdna libraries (salivary gland, testis and placenta). the sequence has an 89.3% sequence identity with mouse carp at ... | 1993 | 8482548 |
| tempo and mode of mitochondrial dna evolution in vertebrates at the amino acid sequence level: rapid evolution in warm-blooded vertebrates. | by using complete sequence data of mitochondrial dnas, three markov models (dayhoff, proportional, and poisson models) for amino acid substitutions during evolution were applied in maximum likelihood analyses of mitochondrially encoded proteins to estimate a phylogenetic tree depicting human, cow, whale, and murids (mouse and rat), with chicken, frog, and carp as outgroups. a cow/whale clade was confirmed with a more than 99.8% confidence level by any of the three models, but the branching order ... | 1993 | 8483165 |
| isolation and primary structure of the three major forms of granulin-like peptides from hematopoietic tissues of a teleost fish (cyprinus carpio). | granulins are cysteine-rich polypeptides purified from human and rat hematopoietic cells and structurally related to the epithelin family of growth modulatory factors. a prototypic form of granulin was isolated from the hematopoietic organs of teleost fish (belcourt, d., and bennett, h.p.j. (1988) j. cell biol. 107, 629 (abstr.)). this study reports the structure of three granulins purified from the spleen and head kidney of the carp (cyprinus carpio). ion-spray mass spectrometric analysis of gr ... | 1993 | 8486624 |
| [the population level and distribution of ectoparasites in carp]. | the abundance and the distribution of dactylogyrus extensus and ichthyophthirius multifiliis on gills of two-years old carps have been investigated. it has been established that at least there are five groups, which differs from each other on the asymmetry of infection. | 1993 | 8488057 |
| presence of growth hormone receptors in carp liver and intestine. | membranes were prepared from tissues of the carp ctenopharynogodon idellus including liver, kidney, intestine, adipose tissue, ovary, gill, heart, muscle and spleen. the carp liver and intestine membranes bound 125i-labeled bovine growth hormone and the binding could be displaced by cold bovine growth hormone. no changes in the ability to bind 125i-labeled bovine growth hormone occurred after treatment of the carp liver membrane with dnase, rnase, alpha-amylase and beta-glucosidase, suggesting t ... | 1993 | 8490577 |
| intestinal, segmented, filamentous bacteria in a wide range of vertebrate species. | segmented, filamentous bacteria (sfbs) form a group of bacteria with similar morphology and are identified on the basis of their morphology only. the relationships of these organisms are unclear as the application of formal taxonomic criteria is impossible currently due to the lack of an in vitro technique to culture sfbs. the intestine of laboratory animals such as mice, rats, chickens, dogs, cats and pigs is known to harbour sfbs. to see whether this extends to other animal species, intestines ... | 1993 | 8501895 |
| determination of ichthiomycin concentration by biological test with cyprinus carpio l. | we have found out that one-year-old carps are extremely sensitive to ichthiomycin in concentrations between 25-125 micrograms/dm3. this fact permitted the use of biological methods for determination of ichthiomycin concentrations in cultural medium of streptomyces levoris 1107 or crude preparations of the antibiotic. | 1993 | 8511994 |
| gaba- and glycine-immunoreactive neurons in the spinal cord of the carp, cyprinus carpio. | gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) and glycine are the two main inhibitory transmitter amino acids in the central nervous system of vertebrates. the distribution of cells containing gaba and glycine in the carp spinal cord was examined by using specific antisera raised against the two amino acids conjugated to bovine serum albumin. the immunoreaction on serial paraffin sections was visualized by a streptavidin-biotin method. both antisera gave highly specific labelings of cells. at least three types ... | 1993 | 8514921 |
| an aquatic toxicological evaluation of fenthion in the context of finch control in south africa. | queletox, containing fenthion as active ingredient, is the avicide formulation used in south africa to control red-billed finches (quelea quelea). control measures involve night spraying of roosting areas with a light aircraft. since roosting areas often include reedbeds along riversides and on islands, proper control is difficult without exposing the aquatic environment to some risk of contamination. this study tested the acute effects of fenthion, in association with the queletox formulation, ... | 1995 | 8521783 |
| localization, trafficking, and temperature-dependence of the aequorea green fluorescent protein in cultured vertebrate cells. | the localization, trafficking, and fluorescence of aequorea green fluorescent protein (gfp) in cultured vertebrate cells transiently transfected with gfp cdna were studied. fluorescence of gfp in uv light was found to be strongest when cells were incubated at 30 degrees c but was barely visible at an incubation temperature of 37 degrees c. cos-1 cells, primary chicken embryonic retina cells, and carp epithelial cells were fluorescently labeled under these conditions. gfp was distributed uniforml ... | 1995 | 8524871 |
| genetic variation in susceptibility to trypanoplasma borreli infection in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | gynogenetic reproduction of homozygous females, or crossbreeding two homozygous animals, results in fish lines without genetic variation. hybrid crosses are expected to express a more stable development than homozygous lines, the latter may have an important value for gaining insight into genetic components of host resistance to parasite infection. we examined the antibody response of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) to infection with trypanoplasma borreli. outbred carp responded with a production of s ... | 1995 | 8533293 |
| [high molecular weight forms of aminoacyl-trna synthetases in animals. ii. high molecular weight aminoacyl-trna synthetase complexes in lower animals]. | high-molecular-weight aminoacyl-trna synthetase complexes have been found in hen, frog and carp liver cytosol as well as in cytosol from snails and paramecium. the complexes from vertebrates and snails contained 13-15 aminoacyl-trna synthetases, revealed mass of about 4,000 kda and sedimentation constant about 19 s. the complex from paramecium containing 11 aminoacyl-trna synthetases, revealed a mass of about 1,600 kda and sedimentation constant 15 s. the results of the present study support the ... | 1993 | 8534161 |
| evidence that the inhibitory effects of stress on reproduction in teleost fish are not mediated by the action of cortisol on ovarian steroidogenesis. | ovarian follicles of goldfish, common carp, and the sparid pagrus auratus (new zealand snapper) were incubated in vitro to assess the effects of cortisol (f) on ovarian steroidogenesis. unstimulated goldfish follicles produced little testosterone (t) or 17 beta-estradiol (e2), whereas both carp and snapper follicles spontaneously produced e2 and to a lesser extent t. goldfish follicles produced increased amounts of e2 in response to treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg), whereas carp ... | 1995 | 8536936 |
| somatostatin-, vasoactive intestinal peptide-, and granulin-like peptides isolated from intestinal extracts of goldfish, carassius auratus. | three new peptides were originally isolated from intestinal extracts of goldfish. they were structurally related with somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip), and granulin (grn) and thus termed goldfish somatostatin (gss-28), gvip, and ggrn, respectively. the primary structures of these peptides were determined as: svessnhlpa 10rerkagcknf20ywkgftsc for the gss-28; hsdavftdny10sryrkqmaak20kylnsvla-nh2 for the gvip, and vihcdsstic10 pdgttcclsp20ygvwyccpfs30mgqccrdgih40ccrhgyhcds50tsthclr ... | 1995 | 8536941 |
| investigations into the ubiquitous nature of high or low immune responsiveness after divergent selection for antibody production in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | this paper reports on the selection of individual carp with a high or low antibody response, in combination with reproduction by gynogenesis, in order to develop well-characterised inbred carp lines consisting of practically unlimited numbers of carp with the same genotype. two homozygous progenies, previously characterised as having a high or low immune response to dinitrophenyl keyhole limpet haemocyanin (dnp-klh), were immunised with either a t-dependent (dnp-human serum albumin (dnp-hsa)) or ... | 1995 | 8578693 |
| eighteen years of vaccination against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia in france. | viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (vhs) has been considered for many years to be a major cause of loss in the french trout industry. the high prevalence of vhs in certain geographic areas made a control strategy based on control policy unfeasible. this provided the impetus for immunoprophylaxis development that resulted in 3 successive types of vaccines: inactivated, live attenuated and recombinant vaccines. when delivered by intraperitoneal injection, the 2 propiolactone-inactivated vhs virus was ... | 1995 | 8581010 |
| comparison of the polymerases (l genes) of spring viremia of carp virus and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. | we have determined the partial nucleotide sequences of the polymerase genes of the fish rhabdoviruses, spring viremia of carp virus (svcv) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv). at this point we have deduced the amino acid sequences and analysed the first 1,400 amino acids comprising two thirds of the polymerase genes of svcv and ihnv. we have compared sequence similarities of svcv and ihnv polymerases with other rhabdovirus and paramyxovirus polymerases. the svcv polymerase showed ... | 1995 | 8581012 |
| detection of spring viremia of carp virus by hybridization with biotinylated dna probes. | | 1995 | 8581035 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial dna genome of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial dna of the rainbow trout, onchorynchus mykiss, has been determined. the total length of the molecule is 16,660 bp. the rainbow trout mitochondrial dna has the same organization described in eutherian mammals, the clawed frog (xenopus laevis), and the two fish species, oriental stream loach (crossotoma lacustre) and carp (cyprinus carpio). alignment and comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the 13 proteins encoded by rainbow trout ... | 1995 | 8587139 |
| [light and electron microscopic studies on the sporogenesis of sphaerospora molnari in the gill lamellas of carp (cyprinus carpio)]. | the sporogenesis of sphaerospora molnari in the gill lamellas of the common carp was investigated by light- and electron microscopy. whereas pseudoplasmodia were not identified, the development from one secondary cell containing two tertiary cells to the mature spore was pursued. monosporic sporoblasts surrounded by an envelope cell were observed lying isolated in the host tissue. sporoblast generative cells differentiated into two capsulogenic cells, two mononucleate sporoplasms and two valvoge ... | 1995 | 8593138 |
| insulin/igf-i binding ratio in skeletal and cardiac muscles of vertebrates: a phylogenetic approach. | insulin and insulin-like growth factor (igf-i) receptor binding and tyrosine kinase activity were characterized in cardiac and skeletal muscles of several vertebrates. specific insulin binding per unit weight of skeletal muscle was clearly higher in pigeon and rat than in ectothermic vertebrates (32 +/- 5 and 25 +/- 2.7%/100 mg initial tissue in pigeon and rat, respectively, vs. 4.4 +/- 0.2%/100 mg in carp samples). insulin binding clearly predominated over igf-i binding in skeletal muscle of en ... | 1995 | 8594939 |
| neutrophilic granulocytes in carp, cyprinus carpio, possess a spontaneous cytotoxic activity. | this study demonstrates for the first time that carp (cyprinus carpio) neutrophilic granulocytes from the head kidney possess potent spontaneous cytotoxic activity against several human tumor cell lines. carp head kidney cells isolated at a density of 1.09 g/ml contained more than 90% neutrophilic granulocytes. these cells were round and approximately 10 millimicrons in diameter with reniform or polymorphic nuclei and slightly eosinophilic cytoplasm when stained with giemsa. electron microscopy ... | 1995 | 8617402 |
| spermatozoa: models for studying regulatory aspects of energy metabolism. | spermatozoa are highly specialized cells, and they offer advantages for studying several basic aspects of metabolic control such as the role of adenosine triphosphate-(atp)-homeostasis for cell function, the mechanisms of fatigue and metabolic depression, the metabolic channelling through the cytoplasm and the organization and regulation of glycolytic enzymes. spermatozoa of four species with different reproductive modes are introduced and the first results are presented: spermatozoa of the mari ... | 1996 | 8641386 |
| the characterisation of the 5' regulatory region of a temperature-induced myosin-heavy-chain gene associated with myotomal muscle growth in the carp. | we have isolated and characterised the 5' region of a member of the carp myosin heavy chain gene family. expression of this gene has previously been shown to be induced by an increase in environmental temperature and is restricted to the small-diameter white myotomal muscle fibres which are associated with growth. the whole isoform gene, including potential regulatory sequence 5' to the transcription start site and the 3' untranslated region was cloned in a lambda2001 bacteriophage vector. studi ... | 1996 | 8665910 |
| in vitro polarization of carp leucocytes in response to the blood fluke sanguinicola inermis plehn, 1905 (trematoda: sanguinicolidae). | an in vitro assay was used to determine the effects of sanguinicola inermis adults and cercariae on the polarization responses of pronephric leucocytes of carp. leucocytes were isolated and exposed to live adult flukes or cercariae for up to 48 h. differences in polarization responses were related to the presence of the parasite, the presence or absence of carp serum and the time of incubation. the mean proportions of cells exhibiting polarization in unstimulated controls ranged from 5 to 30% ov ... | 1996 | 8677139 |
| a tgacg motif mediates growth-hormone factor-1/pituitary-transcriptional-activator-1-dependent camp regulation of the rainbow trout growth-hormone promoter. | the mechanisms involved in the regulation of the rainbow trout growth hormone (tgh) gene promoter by the pituitary-specific transcription factor ghf1 (growth hormone factor 1), also called pit1 (pituitary transcriptional activator 1), and camp have been investigated in mammalian and fish cells. the -340 to +24 5'-flanking fegion of the tgh gene focused to the luciferase gene was activated in rat pituitary gc cells and in hela cells cotransfected with an effector plasmid encoding rat ghfi. gc cel ... | 1996 | 8706656 |
| effects of microcystin-lr on the partial reactions of the na(+)-k+ pump of the gill of carp (cyprinus carpio linneo). | several partial reactions of the na(+)-k+ pump enzyme were studied in a microsomal fraction derived from the gill of carp (cyprinus carpio linneo). we tested the effect of three toxins [(i) microcystin-lr, (ii) microcystin-lr-like toxin component isolated from microcystis aeruginosa culture and (iii) okadaic acid] on the phosphorylation, ouabain binding and atpase activity of the na(+)-k+ pump. the k(+)-dependent hydrolysis of the na(+)-dependent phosphorylation of na(+)-k+ pump, as well the rel ... | 1996 | 8735244 |
| identifiable achatina giant neurones: their localizations in ganglia, axonal pathways and pharmacological features. | 1. an african giant snail (achatina fulica férussac), originally from east africa, is now found abundantly in tropical and subtropical regions of asia, including okinawa in japan. this is one of the largest land snail species in the world. the achatina central nervous system is composed of the buccal, cerebral and suboesophageal ganglia. the 37 giant neurones were identified in these ganglia by the series of studies conducted over about 20 years. the identifications were made by the localization ... | 1996 | 8742492 |
| structural modifications of non-mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) isoforms: design of novel gnrh analogues. | three natural forms of vertebrate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) provided the structural basis upon which to design new gnrh agonists: [his5,trp7,leu8]-gnrh, dogfish (df) gnrh; [his5,asn8]-gnrh, catfish (cf) gnrh; and [his5,trp7,tyr8]-gnrh, chicken (c) gnrh-ii. the synthetic peptides incorporated the position 6 dextro (d)-isomers d-arginine (d-arg) or d-naphthylalanine (d-nal) in combination with an ethylamide substitution of position 10. the in vitro potencies for lh and fsh release of t ... | 1995 | 8746537 |
| identification of pk-a phosphorylation sites in the carboxyl terminus of l-type calcium channel alpha 1 subunits. | full length l-type calcium channel alpha 1 subunits are rapidly phosphorylated by protein kinase a (pk-a) in vitro and in vivo at sites located in their long carboxyl terminal tails. in skeletal muscle, heart, and brain the majority of biochemically isolated alpha 1 subunits lacks these phosphorylation sites due to posttranslational proteolytic processing. truncation may therefore modify the regulation of channel activity by pk-a. we combined site-directed mutagenesis and heterologous expression ... | 1996 | 8755718 |
| an isothermal induction of delta 9-desaturase in cultured carp hepatocytes. | cold exposure of carp leads to the induced activity of the hepatic delta 9-desaturase (schünke, m. and wodtke, e. (1983) biochim. biophys. acta 734, 70-75). we have investigated the controlled expression of this enzyme using isolated carp hepatocytes. culture at 30 degrees c, of cells isolated from 30 degrees c-acclimated carp. resulted in an 8-13-fold increase in desaturase-specific activity over 4 days, whilst another enzyme of intermediary metabolism, glucose-6-phosphatase, decreased by more ... | 1996 | 8765141 |
| estimation of essential fatty acid requirements of common carp larvae using semi-purified artificial diets. | two trials were conducted with duplicate groups of (first feeding) carp larvae fed artificial dry diets based on casein and dextrin over 21 or 25 days. one control diet based on yeast was also tested. survival, growth and fatty acid profiles of larvae were studied. in trial 1, (n-3) fatty acid requirement was estimated using diets supplemented or not with methyl linolenate or cod liver oil. after 21 days, the best survival and growth were observed in larvae fed the unsupplemented diet [(n-3) fat ... | 1996 | 8766972 |
| influence of dietary fatty acid composition and vitamin e on fatty acids and alpha-tocopherol in carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | this paper examines the effect of different fatty acid composition, together with varying dietary vitamin e contents on fatty acid composition and tocopherol and tocotrienol contents of carp, and compares with other species of fish and the storage quality of the fish produced. dietary fatty acid composition affected fatty acid patterns of tissues of carp significantly, but this was correlated with the fat content of the diet. varying the vitamin e content results in no or only very slight variat ... | 1996 | 8766975 |
| dietary effects on fatty acid metabolism of common carp. | the paper summarises experimental data demonstrating effects of various dietary factors exerting changes in the fatty acid composition and fatty acid metabolism of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). among the dietary factors (1) supplementary feeding in fish ponds, (2) absence of essential fatty acids (efa) in the diet, (3) starvation, and (4) ration level were studied. it was concluded that supplementary feeding in carp rearing ponds is frequently excessive in the hungarian carp culture prac ... | 1996 | 8766976 |
| protein sparing effect and nutritive significance of lipid supplementation in carp diets. | although carp is in a position to utilize carbohydrates efficiently, lipids are an important energy source in carp diets. in general fat-enriched high-energy diets result in rapid growth and favourable feed conversion. many authors emphasize the protein-sparing effect of lipid supplementation in carp diets. for efficient protein-utilization an optimal protein/energy ratio in feed is necessary. good results may be obtained with diets containing 30-50% high-quality protein, > 14 mj digestible ener ... | 1996 | 8766977 |
| antibody against pulmonary surfactant protein a recognizes proteins in intestine and swim bladder of the freshwater fish, carp. | an antibody raised against rat pulmonary surfactant protein a (sp-a) bound on western blots to proteins present in intestinal mucosa and in swim bladder, but not in gills of the carp. the fish protein(s) revealed by the antibody exhibited an electrophoretical behavior similar to that of rat sp-a with a characteristic triplet in the 30- to 35-kda range. it therefore appears that proteins immunologically very close to mammalian sp-a are present in modern fish which evolved from ancestors that neve ... | 1996 | 8780709 |
| corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh) receptors in the mesenteric small arteries of rats resemble the (2)-subtype. | the potencies of the corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh) agonistic peptides ocrh, h/rcrh, frog sauvagine, and carp urotensin i and of the antagonistic peptide alpha-helical crh9-41 were compared in 3 different in vitro assays: (a) receptor binding to rat brain membranes; (b) release of acth/beta-endorphin from rat pituitary cells; and (c) relaxation of rat mesenteric small arteries. from their potency profiles, especially from the high potency of sauvagine relative to crh in the relaxation ass ... | 1996 | 8781499 |
| fast neutralization/immunoperoxidase assay for viral haemorrhagic septicaemia with anti-nucleoprotein monoclonal antibody. | an enzyme-immunohistochemical procedure was employed to facilitate neutralization/diagnostic tests for viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv), a significant pathogen in trout farms throughout europe. the method described can be used for trout or mice antibodies; increases speed (1 day), simplicity, and minimizes the use of reagents compared to other neutralization assays. furthermore, the test requires a minimum handling of the cell cultures under sterile conditions, decreasing frequent con ... | 1996 | 8783145 |
| nuclear sm antigens in the sperm of different organisms. | immunoblot analysis of sperm protein from several species revealed the presence of polypeptides recognised by anti-sm sera obtained from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. immunoreactive polypeptides in human, bull, mouse and rat sperm were identified as protein b', b and d as compared with the sm polypeptides of hela cells. in the sperm of rooster, the teleost fish cyprinus carpio and the mussel choromytilus chorus, the immunoreactive polypeptide profile was more complex. to ascertain ... | 1994 | 8785681 |
| vertebrate heart development. | this review summarizes recent studies of the cellular and molecular events involved in the determination and differentiation of cardiac myocytes in vertebrate embryos. fate-mapping studies in mouse, chick, amphibian and zebrafish embryos suggest that cardiac muscle precursors are specified shortly before or at the time of gastrulation. nuclear factors, such as dhand, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, gata-6, nkx-2.3, growth arrest homeobox (gax) and cardiac adriamycin responsive protein (carp), which h ... | 1996 | 8791539 |
| multiple regulation of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) macrophages and neutrophilic granulocytes by serum factors: influence of infection with atypical aeromonas salmonicida. | normal carp serum contains inhibitory and stimulatory factors for macrophage and neutrophilic granulocyte respiratory burst activity. as stimulatory factors were only effective in combination with phorbol myristate actetate (pma) activation, it is concluded that they are probably linked to protein kinase c activation. both the stimulatory and inhibitory factors are heat stable. macrophage- and neutrophilic granulocyte-enriched cell fractions from the pronephros of carp had high respiratory burst ... | 1996 | 8797288 |
| inhibition of cytotoxic activity of carp lymphocytes (cyprinus carpio) by anti-thymocyte monoclonal antibodies. | a series of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were developed against carp thymocytes and carp immunoglobulin (igm). anti-thymocyte mabs reacted with thymocytes, head kidney lymphocytes (hkl) as well as peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) at various proportions. anti-igm antibody reacted with hkl and pbl but not with thymocytes. pbl from carp immunized with xenogeneic mouse myeloma cells exhibited cytotoxic activity against target cells but pbl from unimmunized fish showed weak cytotoxicity. treatment ... | 1996 | 8797290 |
| characterization and ion channel activities of novel antibacterial proteins from the skin mucosa of carp (cyprinus carpio). | a detergent-solubilized fraction of skin mucus of carp (cyprinus carpio) induced ion channels after reconstitution into planar lipid bilayers. a differential extraction using a non-ionic detergent followed by electrophoretic separation led to the isolation of two hydrophobic 31-kda and 27-kda proteins. in contrast to the 27-kda protein, which was glycosylated, the 31-kda did not bind to concanavalin a. the reconstitution of these proteins into a planar lipid bilayer restored the ionophore behavi ... | 1996 | 8797847 |
| development of a radioimmunoassay for european eel growth hormone and application to the study of silvering and experimental fasting. | a specific and sensitive homologous radioimmunoassay for eel (anguilla anguilla l.) growth hormone (anggh) has been developed. the antiserum, raised against purified anggh and used at 1:20,000 final dilution, did not cross-react with eel prolactin or thyrotropin, carp gonadotropin ii, bovine gh, or serum from hypophysectornized eel. the inhibition curves for eel pituitary extracts and serum were parallel to that of anggh standard. the ed50 value was between 1 and 2 ng/tube and the recovery of pu ... | 1996 | 8804566 |
| the glycoprotein genes and gene junctions of the fish rhabdoviruses spring viremia of carp virus and hirame rhabdovirus: analysis of relationships with other rhabdoviruses. | the nucleotide sequences of the glycoprotein genes and all of the internal gene junctions of the fish pathogenic rhabdoviruses spring viremia of carp virus (svcv) and hirame rhabdovirus (hirrv) have been determined from cdna clones generated from viral genomic rna. the svcv glycoprotein gene sequence is 1588 nucleotides (nt) long and encodes a 509 amino acid (aa) protein. the hirrv glycoprotein gene sequence comprises 1612 nt, coding for a 508 aa protein. in sequence comparisons of 15 rhabdoviru ... | 1996 | 8806175 |
| a highly repetitive sequence isolated from genomic dna of the medaka (oryzias latipes). | a highly repetitive interspersed dna sequence (mre) was isolated from the genome of medaka, oryzias latipes, and characterized. three distinct sequences of mre were cloned and compared. the conserved sequences of mre were approximately 220 bp in length. on average, one copy of mre was present in every 153 kb, and the number of copies of mre in the genome was calculated to be approximately 9800. mre constituted approximately 0.14% of the genome. mre-related sequences were not detected in carp (cy ... | 1996 | 8817927 |
| purification and molecular cloning of carp ovarian cystatin. | the ovarian fluid of carp consists of many components. using the antiserum against carp serum, western blot analysis of ovarian fluid was done in order to distinguish substances synthesized by the ovary from those derived from the serum. several ovary-specific substances were detected including a protein of 12 kda (p12), which was purified to homogeneity. purified p12 displays a single band in sds-page under nonreducing condition and it can inhibit the enzymatic activity of papain with an appare ... | 1996 | 8829807 |
| lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns in bird, carp and mammalian sera. | isoenzyme patterns of lactate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.27) in avian sera are described and compared with those of carp and some mammals. the predominant portion of lactate dehydrogenase in avian sera was concentrated in the muscular form of the enzyme (lactate dehydrogenase 5). most mammalian sera (with the exception of rat serum) showed a different pattern, in which the main portion of lactate dehydrogenase activity migrated in the first three anodic fractions. fish serum lactate dehydrogenase i ... | 1996 | 8833639 |
| characterization of gamma-crystallin from the eye lens of bullfrog: complexity of gamma-crystallin multigene family as revealed by sequence comparison among different amphibian species. | gamma-crystallin is the major and most abundant lens protein present in the eye lens of lower vertebrates such as amphibian and piscine species. to facilitate structural characterization of gamma-crystallins isolated from the lens of the bullfrog (rana catesbeiana), a cdna mixture was synthesized from the poly(a)+mrna isolated from fresh eye lenses. cdna encoding gamma-crystallin was then amplified using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based on two primers designed according to the relatively co ... | 1996 | 8838595 |
| distribution of pasii/pmp22 and connexin 32 proteins in the peripheral nervous system. | various mutations of po, pasii/pmp22 and connexin 32 genes were recently reported in hereditary neuropathies, such as charcot-marie-tooth disease (cmt) and dejerine sottas disease (ds). however, physiological roles of the proteins in pns are not well understood. to address the functions of the proteins, we examined their localization in pns comparatively by immunohistochemical methods. in western blotting, a polyclonal antibody against the carboxyl terminal peptide of pasii/pmp22 reacted to 20-2 ... | 1995 | 8845738 |
| insulin and insulin-like growth factor-i receptors in fish brain. | we investigated insulin and insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) receptor-binding and receptor intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity in the brain of carp (cyprinus carpio) and trout (salmo trutta fario). glycoprotein fractions of semi-purified receptors were prepared by wga-agarose affinity chromatography. insulin receptors were found in the brains of both fish species investigated. carp and trout brain preparations bound, respectively (per 50 micrograms glycoprotein), with 6.0 +/- 1.5% and 8.0 +/- ... | 1996 | 8852819 |
| molecular cloning, structural analysis, and expression of carp zp3 gene. | two types of cdnas coding for a major component of carp egg membrane were clones from a carp ovarian cdna library. they encode polypeptides of 422-424 amino acid residues whose sequences are homologous to those of medaka and mammalian zp3. similar to the mammalian zp3 genes, carp zp3 gene also consists of eight exons and seven introns. carp zp3 genes are 2.9 kb in length and present in multiple forms. carp zp3 is a glycoprotein of 45 kda. it was transcribed and translated exclusively in oocytes, ... | 1996 | 8858599 |
| expression, characterization, and genomic structure of carp jak1 kinase gene. | a 3.7-kb cdna encodes the carp jak1 kinase of 1,156 amino acid residues. the overall amino acid sequence identity between carp jak1 and murine jak1, jak2, jak3, and human tyk2 is 57%, 35.5%, 31.3%, and 42.4%, respectively. in addition, carp jak1 shows higher sequence homology to mammalian jak1 in both the kinase-like (jh2) and kinase (jh1) domains (approximately 70% identity). therefore, carp jak1 is a homolog of mammalian jak1. to investigate the possible function of jh2 domain, full-length, an ... | 1996 | 8892755 |
| involvement of phospholipid molecular species in controlling structural order of vertebrate brain synaptic membranes during thermal evolution. | fluorescence anisotropy parameter of [p-(6-phenyl)-1,3,5-hexatrienyl]phenyl-propionic acid (dph-pa) and 1-(4-trimethylammoniumphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (tma-dph) embedded in synaptic plasma membranes prepared from brains of cold (5 degrees c) and warm (22 degrees c) adapted fish (cyprinus carpio l.), rat (rattus norvegicus) and bird (branta canadensis), was studied. fatty acid composition of total lipids as well as molecular species composition of diacyl phosphatidylcholines and phosphat ... | 1996 | 8898303 |
| binding sites for melanin-concentrating hormone (mch) in brain synaptosomes and membranes from peripheral tissues identified with highly tritiated mch. | melanin-concentrating hormone (mch) is a neuropeptide occurring in the brain of all vertebrate species. in chromatophores of teleost fishes it induces pigment granule aggregation. in mammals, however, its physiological function is not yet clear. attempts to identify the site(s) of its action by binding analysis failed because radioiodinated mch with the natural sequence was devoid of biological activity. we have now synthesized an analogue of rat/human mch, [pra4,8,12,19]-mch, containing four l- ... | 1995 | 8903959 |
| vimentin in a cold-water fish, the rainbow trout: highly conserved primary structure but unique assembly properties. | we have isolated from a rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) spleen cdna library a clone coding for vimentin. the deduced amino acid sequence reveals a high degree of identity with vimentin from carp (81%), frog (71%), chick and human (73% each). large stretches in the central alpha-helical rod are identical within all four classes of vertebrates, but in 17 residues spread over the entire rod, the two fish differ distinctly from the tetrapod species. in addition, in the more diverged non-helical ... | 1996 | 8907703 |
| comparison of the activity of carp and rat beta-actin gene regulatory sequences in tilapia and rainbow trout embryos. | a comparative study on the level of expression of lacz reporter constructs driven by equivalent carp and rat beta-actin regulatory sequences was carried out in embryos of tilapia and rainbow trout. dna was microinjected into fertilised tilapia and rainbow trout eggs and the embryos/fry were assayed at various developmental stages for beta-galactosidase expression. we provide evidence to demonstrate that the carp beta-actin promoter/ lacz reporter gene is expressed at higher levels than the equiv ... | 1996 | 8914067 |
| the adenohypophysis of the swamp eel, synbranchus marmoratus, an immunocytochemical analysis. | the adenohypophyseal cell types of the protogynous fish synbranchus marmoratus were studied by histochemical and immunocytochemical staining with antisera raised against piscine and human pituitary hormones to ascertain their distribution. the prolactin (prl) cells were distributed in the rostral pars distalis and showed specific binding to antisera to carp and chum salmon prolactin. no reaction was observed with antiserum to human prolactin. the corticotrops showed strong immunoreactivity with ... | 1996 | 8916462 |
| primary cultures of dispersed pituitary cells from estradiol-pretreated female silver eels (anguilla anguilla l.): immunocytochemical characterization of gonadotropic cells and stimulation of gonadotropin release. | to analyze the multihormonal control mechanisms of gth secretion in the eel, primary culture of pituitary cells from control or estradiol-treated female silver eels, a treatment known to stimulate in vivo gth synthesis, was developed. dispersed eel pituitary cells obtained by enzymatic (trypsin/dnase) and mechanical dispersion were cultured in earles m199, at 18 degrees. immunoreactive gth (ir-gth) cells were characterized by the immunoperoxidase method, using antiserum to carp gth beta subunit. ... | 1996 | 8921361 |
| protective effect of lysozyme-galactomannan or lysozyme-palmitic acid conjugates against edwardsiella tarda infection in carp, cyprinus carpio l. | the protective effect of lysozyme-galactomannan or lysozyme-palmitic acid conjugates orally administered to carp, cyprinus carpio l. was investigated using a virulent strain of gram-negative edwardsiella tarda isolated from an infected fish. lysozyme-galactomannan conjugate was prepared through controlled maillard reaction. lysozyme-palmitic acid conjugate was prepared through base-catalyzed ester exchange using n-hydroxysuccinimide ester of palmitic acid. the conjugates provided substantial pro ... | 1996 | 8925907 |
| [detection of the spring viremia of carp virus by hybridization with nonradioactive dna probes]. | in order to detect spring viraemia of carp virus, dna probes have been constructed using reverse transcription-pcr amplification technique and cdna cloning in plasmid and phage vectors. the sensitivity and specificity of viral rna detection was assessed using nonradioactive probes in infected fhm cell culture and in tissues from dead fish. viral rna was more frequently detected in the brain and gill than in the abdominal organs. | 1996 | 8927059 |
| characterization of isogenic carp (cyprinus carpio l.) lines with a genetically determined high or low antibody production. | antibody production to dinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet haemocyanin (dnp-klh) served as the immune parameter to divergently select carp (cyprinus carpio l.) to produce high- and low-responder f1 hybrid lines. antibody production to trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide (tnp-lps) and to dnp-klh were similar in magnitude. by contrast, some high-responder lines were low responders to dnp-human serum albumin, and vice versa. low-responder carp were relatively susceptible to infection with the parasite trypa ... | 1996 | 8930071 |
| fish biliary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites estimated by fixed-wavelength fluorescence: comparison with hplc-fluorescent detection. | fixed wavelength fluorescence (ff) was compared to high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (hplc-f) as an estimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) exposure to fish. two excitation/emission wavelength pairs were used to measure naphthalene- and benzo[a]pyrene (b[a]p)-type metabolites. early nonmetabolite fluorescent peaks were negligible in hplc chromatograms of bile of brown bullhead, white sucker, and common carp. linear regression analysis of ff and hplc-f ... | 1996 | 8930501 |
| a radioimmunoassay for african catfish growth hormone: validation and effects of substances modulating the release of growth hormone. | a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay has been developed for measuring plasma growth hormone (gh) concentrations in the african catfish (clarias gariepinus). the lower detection limit of the assay was 0.1 ng/ml and the standard curve had an ed50 value of 0.5 ng/ml. the validity of the assay was established and the effects of several neurotransmitters on the release of gh were examined. in vitro experiments, using a static culture system for dispersed pituitary cells, demonstrated that the gh relea ... | 1996 | 8930605 |
| production of recombinant insulin-like growth factor-ii in the development of a radioimmunoassay in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) insulin-like growth factor-ii (igf-ii) cdna was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and cloned into an expression vector (parhs3) for production by escherichia coli. recombinant rainbow trout igf-ii (rtigf-ii) was recovered from bacterial inclusion bodies, solubilized, and purified by gel filtration chromatography under reducing conditions. after refolding of the peptide by dialysis at basic ph, we obtained a final yield of 820 microgr ... | 1996 | 8930606 |
| comparative effects of diverse vertebrate gonadotropins on estradiol-17 beta formation in vitro in an immature rat sertoli cell bioassay. | the biopotencies of pituitary gonadotropins (gths) from various vertebrate classes were examined in an in vitro rat sertoli cell bioassay which was previously established for mammalian follicle-stimulating hormones (fshs). potencies of the gonadotropins were determined by incubation of sertoli cells obtained from 10-day-old rats, with increasing doses of gths, which resulted in dose-related and parallel estradiol-17 beta formation converted from added 19-hydroxy-androstenedione. in general, mamm ... | 1996 | 8930616 |
| effects induced by feeding organochlorine-contaminated carp from saginaw bay, lake huron, to laying white leghorn hens. i. effects on health of adult hens, egg production, and fertility. | this study was conducted to determine the effects of consumption of halogenated hydrocarbon compounds, primarily polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), contained in great lakes fish by the domestic chicken (gallus domesticus). in this article we report the results of feeding white leghorn hens for a period of 8 wk diets that contained 31-35% ocean fish and/or carp (cyprinus carpio) from saginaw bay, lake huron, mi, which provided 0.3 (control), 0.8 (low-dose group), or 6.6 (high-dose group) mg pcb/kg ... | 1996 | 8931740 |
| effects induced by feeding organochlorine-contaminated carp from saginaw bay, lake huron, to laying white leghorn hens. ii. embryotoxic and teratogenic effects. | carp from saginaw bay, lake huron, mi, was fed to white leghorn chickens for a period of 8 wk. the diets contained 0.3 (control; 0% carp), 0.8 (3.4% carp), and 6.6 (35% carp) mg polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs)/kg diet, by wet weight (ww). these concentrations corresponded to 3.3, 26, and 59 pg 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) equivalents/g diet ww, respectively. though the diets were not acutely toxic to the adult laying hens, dose- and time-dependent responses were observed in the em ... | 1996 | 8931741 |
| two amino acid residues in the iiis5 segment of l-type calcium channels differentially contribute to 1,4-dihydropyridine sensitivity. | the transmembrane segment iiis5 of the l-type calcium channel alpha1 subunit participates in the formation of the 1,4-dihydropyridine (dhp) interaction domain (grabner, m., wang, z., hering, s., striessnig, j., and glossmann, h. (1996) neuron 16, 207-218). we applied mutational analysis to identify amino acid residues within this segment that contribute to dhp sensitivity. dhp agonist and antagonist modulation of ba2+ inward currents was assessed after coexpression of chimeric and mutant calcium ... | 1996 | 8939992 |
| carp cdna sequence encoding a putative diazepam-binding inhibitor/endozepine/acyl-coa-binding protein. | a full-length cdna coding for common carp diazepam-binding inhibitor (dbi)/endozepine (ep)/acyl-coa-binding protein (acbp) was isolated and sequenced. the deduced dbi/ep/acbp is comprised of 87 amino acids (including initiating methionine) without possessing a signal peptide. common carp dbi/ep/acbp displays 77%, 78%, 70%, 63%, 61% and 45% identity with human, bovine, rat, frog, duck and yeast dbi/ep/acbp, respectively. | 1996 | 8948484 |
| ca2+ sensitivity and caffeine-induced changes in skinned cardiac muscle fibers of the carp, cyprinus carpio. | ca2+ sensitivity and caffeine-induced sensitivity changes in skinned carp heart fibers were compared with those of guinea pig and rat heart. the ca2+ concentration-response curves of saponin-treated left atrial skinned fibers obtained from guinea pig and rat were almost identical. doses of 5 and 20 mmol.l-1 caffeine shifted this curve to the left. however, when a relatively high concentration (50 mmol.l-1) of caffeine was used, the left-ward shift was reduced. caffeine reduced the peak of the ca ... | 1996 | 8956502 |
| de novo balanced translocation (6;18)(q21;q21.3 or q22) [corrected] in a patient with heterotaxia. | we report on a sporadic case of heterotaxia with a de novo chromosome structural abnormality. the patient had inversely located heart (dextrocardia), stomach, duodenum, and cecum. in addition, she had cerebral atrophy, hypertelorism with telecanthus, infraorbital skin furrows, ear-lobe grooves, prominent maxilla and teeth, large carp mouth, short fifth fingers with limited flexion, generalized hypotonicity, and severe psychomotor retardation. high-resolution chromosome banding analysis demonstra ... | 1996 | 8958327 |
| purification and characterization of the eighth and ninth components of carp complement. | complement components corresponding to mammalian c8 and c9 were isolated from carp (cyprinus carpio) serum. carp c8 (m(r) 146,000) proved to be a gamma-globulin composed of three polypeptide chains (alpha-chain, m(r) 62,000; beta-chain, m(r) 62,000; gamma-chain, m(r) 22,000). the alpha-chain was disulfide-linked to the gamma-chain and the beta-chain was non-covalently associated with the alpha-gamma chain, in fair agreement with mammalian c8. however, the n-terminal amino acid sequences of the t ... | 1996 | 8960116 |
| terminal components of carp complement constituting a membrane attack complex. | the membrane attack complex (mac) of carp complement was extracted with deoxycholate from rabbit erythrocytes lysed by carp serum and purified by a two-step chromatographic procedure. on two-dimensional sds-page of carp mac, eight bands were detected. the band of m(r) 91,000 was identified as carp c9 by western blotting using anti-carp c9, and two bands of m(r) 62,000 and one band of m(r) 22,000 were confirmed as those of carp c8 alpha, c8 beta and c8 gamma, respectively, by their n-terminal ami ... | 1996 | 8960117 |
| proliferation of pronephric lymphocytes of carp, cyprinus carpio induced by extracts of bothriocephalus acheilognathi. | the interaction between bothriocephalus acheilognathi yamaguti, 1934 (cestoda) and pronephric lymphocytes of carp, cyprinus carpio l. was studied by examining proliferation of lymphocytes isolated from both naïve fish and fish injected intraperitoneally with cestode extract. lymphocytes from naïve hosts were stimulated to proliferate in the presence of the extract depending upon the extract protein concentrations; lower concentrations (0.01-0.05 microgram/ml) induced the greatest response, and i ... | 1996 | 8960208 |
| two point mutations convert a catalytically inactive carbonic anhydrase-related protein (carp) to an active enzyme. | a murine carbonic anhydrase-related protein (carp) has been expressed in escherichia coli and purified to near homogeneity. the polypeptide chain consists of 290 amino acid residues and has a calculated molecular mass of 32,950 da. by introducing two mutations, arg117 --> his and glu115 --> gln, we created a metal-binding center homologous to that in the carbonic anhydrases from the animal kingdom. in contrast to unmodified carp, this double mutant was isolated as a 1:1 zinc-protein complex. whi ... | 1996 | 8977131 |
| adherence of carp leucocytes to adults and cercariae of the blood fluke sanguinicola inermis. | live adult and cercarial stages of sanguinicola inermis plehn, 1905 (trematoda:sanguinicolidae) were maintained in vitro in the presence of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) leucocytes. cells and parasites were fixed at intervals from 0.25 to 48 h and examined using light microscopy, sem and tem. within 12 h of exposure, leucocytes were found attached to cercariae although, by 24 h, fewer cells were found attached to postcercarial, juvenile adult stages that had shed their tails. neutrophils and macroph ... | 1996 | 8991915 |
| cytokeratin-filament expression in epithelial and non-epithelial tissues of the common carp (cyprinus carpio). | cytokeratin expression in mammals is generally restricted to epithelial cells and has been utilized to differentiate epithelial from nonepithelial tissues in these species. since cytokeratins have been shown to be highly conserved during vertebrate evolution, the objective of the present study has been to ascertain the expression pattern of cytokeratins in tissues of the common carp (cyprinus carpio). a panel of 10 anti-human cytokeratin antibodies was evaluated using a streptavidin-biotin-perox ... | 1997 | 8995209 |
| growth hormone-releasing hormone immunoreactivity in the brain, pituitary, and pineal of the goldfish, carassius auratus. | using antisera directed against carp growth hormone-releasing hormone (cghrh), the distribution of immunoreactive (ir) structures in the brain, pituitary, and pineal of the goldfish, carassius auratus, was investigated. the antisera were produced in rabbits by administration of cghrh(1-44)-nh(2) followed by cghrh(1-45)-oh for different periods of time, both coupled to human alpha-globulins via bisdiazotized benzidine as immunogen. immunoreactive perikarya were visualized in the nucleus preopticu ... | 1996 | 8998965 |
| distribution and variation of nv genes in fish rhabdoviruses. | the fish rhabdovirus infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) contains a non-virion (nv) gene between the glycoprotein (g) and polymerase (l) genes on its rna genome. the present study investigated three other fish rhabdovirus genomes and found that the nv gene of hirame rhabdovirus is closely related to the nv of ihnv, whereas the viral haemorrhagic septicemia nv gene showed evidence of significant divergence. most importantly, spring viraemia of carp virus, the only vesiculovirus-like f ... | 1997 | 9010293 |