| non-cs pre-erythrocytic protective antigens. | three novel non-cs antigens have been identified on p. falciparum and p. berghei sporozoites and exoerythrocytic parasites. csp-2 is a sporozoite surface protein common to p. falciparum and p. berghei that elicits antibody-mediated protection, and is also found within p. berghei ee parasites. lsa is a p. falciparum ee-specific antigen localized within the parasitophorous vacuole. lsa-2 is a p. berghei ee-specific antigen, localized on the parasitophorous vacuole membrane, that protected mice to ... | 1990 | 2283163 |
| plasma orosomucoid metabolism and susceptibility to malarial infection in rodents. | the effects of plasmodium berghei infection on liver function and plasma orosomucoid metabolism were investigated in wistar rats. infected rats with 20-25% parasitaemia manifested increased serum transaminase levels, hypoalbuminaemia and hypoproteinaemia. in spite of such indications of deranged liver function, the hepatic synthesis rate (as measured by 14c-amino acid incorporation) of seromucoids predominantly orosomucoid or alpha 1-acid glycoprotein) was increased by 73%. the circulating level ... | 1990 | 2283175 |
| plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis circumsporozoite gene structure and its implications for the evolution of the repeat regions. | the circumsporozoite (cs) gene encodes the most immunogenic component of the plasmodial sporozoites. the immunodominant epitope-encoding domain of the cs gene shows sequences that are repeated in tandem. a detailed analysis of the cs repeats of certain closely related malaria parasites (strains of plasmodium cynomolgi, plasmodium knowlesi, and plasmodium vivax) showed that they evolve rapidly yet are well conserved within the gene. we were interested in studying whether the cs repeats of plasmod ... | 1990 | 2290446 |
| antimalarial activity of some 4-alkylamino 2/3 methoxy-4-aminodiphenyl sulphones. | from a series of thirty six 2,3, n-substituted 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulphones studied for their suppressive activity in mice against blood induced erythrocytic stage of plasmodium berghei infection, six sulphones (1-6) showed 100% suppressive and curative activity at an intraperitoneal dose of 1 mg/kg x 4 days. these sulphones have been studied for their suppressive activity in still lower doses ranging from 1.0-0.25 mg/kg i.p. x 4 days and for their curative activity at 1 mg/kg i.p. x 4 days in ... | 1990 | 2292320 |
| preliminary evaluation of extracts of alstonia scholaris bark for in vivo antimalarial activity in mice. | the petroleum either extract and methanol extract of the bark of alstonia scholaris were found to be devoid of antiamalarial activity in mice infected with plasmodium berghei. however, a dose-dependent improvement of conditions and delayed mortality amongst animals receiving methanol extract of a. scholaris was noticed. studies with a. constricta and alstonine shall help resolve the antimalarial status of the bark in question. | 1990 | 2345460 |
| role of dna-binding antibodies in kidney pathology associated with murine malaria infections. | we performed a series of studies to examine the sequential development of nephritis during murine malaria infections and to define the role of dna-binding antibodies in the associated pathology. serum levels of these antibodies were assessed throughout acute and chronic malaria infections. increased levels of double-stranded dna- and single-stranded dna-binding antibodies were initially detected in mice infected with plasmodium vinckei or plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis during the middle stages of ... | 1990 | 2365456 |
| plasmodium berghei: the antimalarial action of artemisinin and sodium artelinate in vivo and in vitro, studied by flow cytometry. | sodium artelinate, a new water-soluble and relatively stable derivative of artemisinin, and its parent compound were tested for their antimalarial action. experiments were done in vitro with synchronous cultures of plasmodium berghei. the inhibition of growth by different concentrations of sodium artelinate and artemisinin was determined using flow cytometry. in vivo testing was done by subcutaneous injection of each drug in mice infected with p. berghei. sodium artelinate, being stable in aqueo ... | 1990 | 2404778 |
| development of malaria parasites in mosquitoes fed with ookinetes suspended in defined media. | information concerning the specific nutritional requirements of malarial parasites developing in the mosquito host has been difficult to obtain, owing primarily to the complex nature of the blood meal that accompanies the parasites and the lack of success in culturing the complete invertebrate cycle of plasmodium in vitro. the present report describes a blood-free system for infecting mosquitoes with ookinetes of plasmodium berghei and for allowing the latter to develop into infective sporozoite ... | 1990 | 2406164 |
| sequence of the circumsporozoite gene of plasmodium berghei anka clone and nk65 strain. | | 1990 | 2406593 |
| cytofluorimetric analysis of dna content in different life stages of plasmodium yoelii. | | 1985 | 2423000 |
| antigen-specific and mhc-restricted plasmodium falciparum-induced human t lymphocyte clones. | we established and analyzed human t lymphocyte clones induced by crude plasmodium falciparum antigens of schizont-enriched asexual blood stages. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) were stimulated for 6 days with antigen, and the t cell blasts were separated and were transferred to limiting dilution cultures with antigen, irradiated pbmc, and recombinant interleukin 2. the following observations were made. malaria antigen (m.ag) induced similar proportions of t blasts in pbmc from infected ... | 1986 | 2424980 |
| development of a sporozoite malaria vaccine. | | 1986 | 2425647 |
| [test of cross immunity in 3 strains of plasmodium berghei of different virulence in mus musculus cured of infection using thermal stress (+35 degrees c)]. | | 1986 | 2428277 |
| circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium berghei: gene cloning and identification of the immunodominant epitopes. | the gene encoding the circumsporozoite (cs) protein of the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei was cloned and characterized. a cdna library made from p. berghei sporozoite rna was screened with a monoclonal antibody for expression of cs protein epitopes. the resulting cdna clone was used to isolate the cs protein gene from a lambda library containing parasite blood-stage dna. the cs protein gene contains a central region encoding two types of tandemly repeated amino acid units, flanked by ... | 1986 | 2432395 |
| host immune response and pathological expression in malaria: possible implications for malaria vaccines. | | 1987 | 2438630 |
| ookinete antigens of plasmodium berghei: a light and electron-microscope immunogold study of expression of the 21 kda determinant recognized by a transmission-blocking antibody. | the expression of a 21 kda transmission-blocking determinant on the malarial parasite plasmodium berghei was studied by using the immunogold method at the light, scanning-electron and transmission-electron microscope levels. the determinant was shown to be expressed exclusively on the macrogamete and its immediate progeny the zygote, ookinete and oocyst. it is first detected on the plasmalemma two hours after the escape of the parasite from the red blood cell, reaches a maximal density on the yo ... | 1987 | 2440053 |
| [effects of chloroquine on polyamines and nucleic acid of malaria parasites]. | | 1987 | 2440236 |
| plasmodium species: flow cytometry and microfluorometry assessments of dna content and synthesis. | fluorescence intensities were established by flow cytometry of different erythrocytic stages of plasmodium berghei after staining of their dna with hoechst-33258 or hoechst-33342. parasites were obtained from highly synchronized infections or in vitro cultures. most fluorescence measurements were performed using a low cost, clinical flow cytometer, equipped with a mercury arc lamp. cells infected with p. berghei could be readily distinguished from uninfected cells on the basis of hoechst-dna flu ... | 1987 | 2440713 |
| 5-ht, 5-hiaa and related enzymes in p. berghei infected rats. | | 1987 | 2450048 |
| ookinete antigens of plasmodium berghei. appearance on the zygote surface of an mr 21 kd determinant identified by transmission-blocking monoclonal antibodies. | zygotes and ookinetes of the rodent malaria plasmodium berghei can be enriched 50-fold, from whole blood cultures by ammonium chloride lysis. three monoclonal antibodies (moabs) raised against such enriched preparations specifically bind to a determinant of mr 21 kd as assessed by 125i-labelled goat anti-mouse igg probed immunoblots of western transfers of sds-page gels. indirect immunofluorescence indicates that the 21 kd determinant bound by specific moabs, whilst not detectable on gametocytes ... | 1988 | 2453831 |
| breakdown of the blood-brain barrier in murine cerebral malaria. | cerebral malaria in a/j and cba/h mice infected with plasmodium berghei anka is accompanied by mononuclear cell infiltration, haemorrhage and cerebral endothelial cell damage. this damage is presumably one of the causes of the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier which was detected by measuring the movement of the dye evans blue and radioisotope labelled albumin and erythrocytes. the density of brain tissue, measured by a percoll gradient technique, was significantly reduced in mice exhibiting c ... | 1988 | 2457201 |
| a marker epitope of attenuated plasmodium berghei. | plasmodium berghei xat is an irradiation-induced, permanent attenuated derivative from high-virulence p. berghei nk65. monoclonal antibodies against xat were developed. by immunofluorescence screening, one monoclonal antibody was identified that was reactive with xat at the schizont stage but not with nk65 nor with any other stage of intra-erythrocytic development of either parasite. the monoclonal antibody precipitated a 240-kd molecule from metabolically labeled xat antigens. this molecule was ... | 1988 | 2457900 |
| bis(benzyl)polyamine analogs inhibit the growth of chloroquine-resistant human malaria parasites (plasmodium falciparum) in vitro and in combination with alpha-difluoromethylornithine cure murine malaria. | a number of bis(benzyl)polyamine analogs were found to be potent inhibitors of both chloroquine-resistant and chloroquine-sensitive strains of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum in vitro (ic50 values = 0.2-14 microm). administration of one of the compounds, mdl 27695, which is n,n'-bis(3-[(phenylmethyl)amino]propyl)-1,7-diaminoheptane (c6h5ch2nh(ch2)3nh(ch2)7nh(ch2)3nhch2c6h5), at 10-15 mg/kg i.p. three times per day for 3 days in combination with 2% alpha-difluoromethylornithine ( ... | 1989 | 2463635 |
| multiple t helper cell epitopes of the circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium berghei. | the present findings establish the lack of genetic restriction of the humoral immune response to sporozoites of plasmodium berghei, corraborating earlier observations that mice of different strains can be protected by immunization with irradiated sporozoites. most, if not all, anti-sporozoite antibodies are directed against the repetitive b cell epitope of the circumsporozoite (cs) protein. however, neither a peptide containing a dimer of this repeat (17.1), nor a peptide polymer containing mult ... | 1988 | 2464495 |
| expression of the precursor of the major merozoite surface antigens during the hepatic stage of malaria. | the precursor of major merozoite surface antigens (pmmsa) and its proteolytic products are candidates for an asexual blood stage vaccine. previous authors have shown that pmmsa epitopes are expressed in the liver or exoerythrocytic (ee) stage of malaria. using plasmodium berghei, we show that the molecular weight of the liver stage pmmsa is similar to that of the blood stage and that both ee and blood stage proteins are similarly processed. in the ee stage, it was synthesized toward the end of s ... | 1989 | 2469336 |
| pneumocystis carinii: sequence from ribosomal rna implies a close relationship with fungi. | pneumocystis carinii is the etiologic agent of a lethal pneumonia which occurs in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and other immunocompromised hosts. the basic biochemical and genetic characteristics of p. carinii are poorly understood and its taxonomic classification as a protozoan is uncertain. to address the taxonomic question, a method was developed for the extraction of total rna from p. carinii. denaturing agarose gel electrophoresis showed the two ribosomal rna ... | 1989 | 2470612 |
| the effects of polyamine analogues on malaria parasites in vitro and in vivo. | | 1988 | 2475014 |
| comparative evaluation of the protective effect of immune spleen cells and immune rna against plasmodium berghei. | earlier studies from this laboratory indicated that passive transfer of viable or frozen-thawed cells from spleens and lymph nodes of immune mice resulted in a significant protective immunity against plasmodium berghei in syngeneic recipients. to assess whether immune rna played a role in conferring such protection, experiments were designed wherein immune rna was isolated from immune monkeys, rats and mice and transferred to normal mice. the effect of transfer was assessed by challenging rna-pr ... | 1988 | 2476085 |
| cloned cytotoxic t cells recognize an epitope in the circumsporozoite protein and protect against malaria. | protective immunity against malaria is induced by vaccination of hosts with irradiation-attenuated sporozoites. this immunity is mediated in part by neutralizing antibodies that are directed mainly against the repeat domain of the circumsporozoite protein. early experiments showed, however, that b-cell-depleted mice that are immunized with sporozoites can resist challenge, indicating that t-cell effector mechanisms may also have a role in protection. this idea was supported by the recent observa ... | 1989 | 2477703 |
| a circumsporozoite-like protein is present in micronemes of mature blood stages of malaria parasites. | we demonstrate for the first time the presence of a circumsporozoite (cs)-like protein in invasive blood stages of malaria parasites. immunogold electron microscopy using antisporozoite monoclonal antibodies localized these antigens in the micronemes of merozoites. western immunoblot and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of mature blood stage extracts of plasmodium falciparum, p. berghei, p. cynomolgi, and p. brasilianum identified polypeptides having the same apparent molecular mass and isoel ... | 1989 | 2478385 |
| [tumor necrosis factor (tnf) and pathology; its relationships with other cytokines]. | tumor necrosis factor (tnf) is a cytokine produced mainly by activated monocytes/macrophages. we review here data obtained in four experimental models analyzed in our laboratory: cerebral malaria, graft-versus-host disease, bcg infection, and bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. we have shown that the triggering of these pathological conditions requires activation of t lymphocytes and overproduction of tnf, since these syndromes are associated with increased production of tnf mrna and can be pr ... | 1989 | 2482541 |
| infradian modulation of liver nucleic acid and lipid content of adult female lewis/s rats. | infradian modulation with periods of 168 h and 120 h characterizes the rna, dna and lipid content of the liver in adult female lewis/s rats. multilinear analysis shows that the fit of an infradian cosine curve with these periods is statistically significant below the 5% level (p = 0.011; p = 0.007 and p = 0.013) and that they account for 19.0, 22.7 and 20.1% of the overall variability, respectively. | 1989 | 2484289 |
| analysis of the sporogonic development of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium berghei in anopheline mosquitoes. | basic knowledge of the sporogonic development of malarial parasites is crucial when evaluating the sporontocidal activity of antimalarial drugs or when determining why certain vectors are refractory to a particular parasite while others are competent vectors. we have developed a model which we have used to i) assess the sporogonic development of plasmodium berghei anka in anopheles stephensi and a. freeborni mosquitoes and ii) determine the effect of chloroquine on the sporogony of p. falciparum ... | 1989 | 2487889 |
| the causal prophylactic activity of the novel hydroxynaphthoquinone 566c80 against plasmodium berghei infections in rats. | the influence of the novel hydroxynaphthoquinone 566c80 on exoerythrocytic development of plasmodium berghei was examined in brown norway rats. the procedure employed was designed to identify residual activity of the drug against tissue merozoites emerging into the bloodstream and to distinguish this from any observed causal prophylactic activity against the liver stages. single oral doses of 10 and 1 mg/kg of 566c80 administered 3 hours after sporozoite-inoculation were effective in preventing ... | 1989 | 2489391 |
| improved techniques for the culture of the liver stages of plasmodium berghei and their relevance to the study of causal prophylactic drugs. | the in vitro exoerythrocytic (ee) of plasmodium berghei was compared in primary rat and mouse hepatocytes and the human hepatoma cell line hepg2. all of the cell-types supported the full maturation of ee stages, but the hepg2 cells were much more susceptible to infection than the primary rodent hepatocytes and were also the most efficient host cells. following refinement of culture techniques, the development of ee forms which is now observed in hepg2 cells closely reflects that occurring in viv ... | 1989 | 2489396 |
| immune response gene regulation of immunity to plasmodium berghei sporozoites and circumsporozoite protein vaccines. overcoming genetic restriction with whole organism and subunit vaccines. | we conducted a series of experiments to define ir gene regulation of the immune response to plasmodium berghei sporozoites and circumsporozoite (cs) protein-derived subunit vaccines. the studies demonstrated that there is no apparent genetic restriction of the capacity to develop protective immunity against a large sporozoite challenge after immunization with irradiation-attenuated p. berghei sporozoites; that the th response to (asp-pro-ala-pro-pro-asn-ala-asn)n, the predominant protective b ep ... | 1989 | 2497175 |
| monoclonal antibody against interferon gamma can prevent experimental cerebral malaria and its associated overproduction of tumor necrosis factor. | experimental cerebral malaria (ecm), a lethal hyperacute neurological syndrome associated with high blood levels of tumor necrosis factor, develops in genetically susceptible (cba/ca) mice 7 days after infection with plasmodium berghei anka strain. injections of neutralizing monoclonal antibody against recombinant murine interferon gamma, not later than 4 days after infection, markedly reduced the incidence of ecm and the elevation in serum levels of tumor necrosis factor. this treatment prevent ... | 1989 | 2501793 |
| antimalarial effect of hbed and other phenolic and catecholic iron chelators. | previous studies showed that deferoxamine inhibits malaria by interacting with a labile iron pool within parasitized erythrocytes. consequently, we studied the antimalarial properties of other iron-chelating drugs such as 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-dhb) and its methyl ester as well as two polyanionic amines, n.n'-bis (o-hydroxybenzyl) ethylenediamine-n,n'-diacetic acid (hbed) and n,n'-ethylenebis(o-hydroxyphenylglycine) (ehpg) in rats infected with plasmodium berghei. all drugs were delivere ... | 1989 | 2508794 |
| immune complexes in serum of rats during infection with plasmodium berghei. | large amounts of immune complexes were present in the serum of infected rats early in infection when parasitemias were low. as the infection progressed and parasitemia increased and then decreased, the amounts of immune complexes in the serum also fell. this result suggests that increased efficiency of complex clearance was an important factor in determining the levels of immune complexes in the serum. in high performance liquid chromatography (hplc), the complexes in the serum migrated as a pea ... | 1989 | 2515536 |
| sporozoite vaccine induces genetically restricted t cell elimination of malaria from hepatocytes. | the target of the cd8+ t cell-dependent immunity that protects mice immunized with irradiation-attenuated malaria sporozoites has not been established. immune balb/c mice were shown to develop malaria-specific, cd8+ t cell-dependent inflammatory infiltrates in their livers after challenge with plasmodium berghei sporozoites. spleen cells from immune balb/c and c57bl/6 mice eliminated hepatocytes infected with the liver stage of p. berghei in vitro. the activity against infected hepatocytes is no ... | 1989 | 2524877 |
| impaired immune responsiveness in plasmodium berghei immune mice. | mice immunized against plasmodium berghei parasites by drug-controlled infection exhibited decreased immunoresponsiveness against rabbit red blood cells (rrbc). increasing rrbc antigen dose increased responsiveness, but agglutinating anti-rrbc antibodies of the igg class remained undetectable. clearance of colloidal carbon from the bloodstream of malaria-immunized mice was not different from controls. removal of all the persistent parasites from immune mice did not restore responsiveness until 1 ... | 1989 | 2531361 |
| di-octyl phthalate induced altered host resistance: viral and protozoal models in mice. | | 1989 | 2545652 |
| thermal properties of red blood cells infected by malaria parasites. | three membrane thermotropic transitions at 8, 20, and 40 degrees c have been detected in human red blood cells (rbc) by using spin-labeled stearic acids. red blood cells infected in vitro by plasmodium falciparum showed the disappearance of the 8 degrees c transition and a lowering of the 40 degrees c transition to 32 degrees c. the disappearance of the 8 degrees c transition was observed in synchronized cultures of p. falciparum trophozoites as well as in mouse rbc infected in vivo by an asynch ... | 1989 | 2551720 |
| antihistaminic drugs that reverse chloroquine resistance in plasmodium falciparum. | | 1989 | 2569137 |
| delay in emergence of mefloquine resistance in plasmodium berghei by use of drug combinations. | blood induced plasmodium berghei infection in swiss mice was exposed during successive passages to melfloquine alone or melfoquine in combination with dapsone or primaquine or erythromycin, and the level of resistance to melfoquine in four sub-lines was compared at ed90 level. treatment with mefloquine alone resulted in a 201.14 fold increase in resistance after 21 passages. use of drug combination (melfoquine + dapsone) delayed the acquisition of resistance as shown by a marginal increase of ed ... | 1989 | 2571247 |
| [the pharmacokinetics of a transdermal preparation of artesunate in mice and rabbits]. | qinghaosu, also known as artemisinin and arteannuin, is a new type of antimalarial drug isolated from artemisa annua l. its low solubility in water and oil limited its widespread clinical use. artesunate (sodium dihydroqinghaosu hydrogen hemisuccinate monoester) is easily soluble in water and is used iv in the treatment of acute cerebral and malignant malaria. however, artesunate was shown to have a very short half-life when given iv in animals as well as in human beings. a transdermal dosage fo ... | 1989 | 2618677 |
| fluorescence studies on erythrocyte membrane isolated from plasmodium berghei infected mice. | the erythrocyte host cell plays a key role in the well defined developmental stages of the malarial parasite growth and propogation in the erythrocyte cycle of malaria. the host cell serves the parasites by supplying metabolites and removing the catabolites produced by the obligatory parasites. it has been observed that the plasma membrane of the infected cells show a substantially higher fluidity due to the depletion of cholesterol content from the host cell. the protein component of the membra ... | 1989 | 2622455 |
| amine peroxides as potential antimalarials. | six model amine peroxides (4-9) were synthesized as targeted antimalarial oxidants. they were approximately 1 order of magnitude more potent than tert-butyl hydroperoxide (3) in vitro against plasmodium falciparum, but like 3, they were inactive in vivo against plasmodium berghei. | 1989 | 2642554 |
| suppression of malaria-induced autoimmunity by immunization with cryoglobulins. | cryoglobulins obtained from malaria-infected (plasmodium berghei berghei) balb/c mice were administered intraperitoneally to naive balb/c mice. ten days or 9 months following cryoglobulin administration, the naive mice were infected with malaria. comparison of sera from cryoglobulin-treated malaria-infected mice with sera from control infected mice revealed that pretreatment with cryoglobulins resulted in (1) reduced levels of circulating immune complexes; (2) reduced levels of autoantibodies re ... | 1989 | 2642745 |
| plasmodium berghei: immunosuppression of the cell-mediated immune response induced by nonviable antigenic preparations. | in this work, plasmodial antigens were examined for their ability to suppress the cellular immune response during lethal plasmodium berghei infection. splenic enlargement and the number and function of white spleen cells were assessed after injection of normal mice with irradiated parasitized erythrocytes (ipe) or with parasitized erythrocytes (pe) membranes. both ipe and pe membranes caused splenomegaly and an increase in the number of splenic white cells with concurrent alteration of the relat ... | 1989 | 2645164 |
| identification of plasmodium falciparum-infected mosquitoes using a probe containing repetitive dna. | a cloned repetitive dna sequence (rep20) was evaluated as a diagnostic probe specific for plasmodium falciparum sporozoites using experimentally infected mosquitoes squashed directly on nylon filters. head/thorax portions of mosquitoes, killed 14-16 days after ingesting p. falciparum-infected blood, gave positive signals when examined for the presence of p. falciparum sporozoite dna by hybridisation. this correlated with the number of oocysts found in a sample of the same batch of mosquitoes exa ... | 1989 | 2648141 |
| protective immunity to malaria: studies with cloned lines of rodent malaria in cba/ca mice. iv. the specificity of mechanisms resulting in crisis and resolution of the primary acute phase parasitaemia of plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi and p. yoelii yoelii. | low numbers of parasites from cloned lines of the rodent malaria parasites, plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi as and p. yoelii yoelii a, injected into cba/ca mice produce acute but usually self-limiting infections. during crisis, i.e. 1-2 days after peak parasitaemia, 'pre-immune' mice experiencing such 'background' infections were reinfected intravenously with homologous parasites or parasites of heterologous strains or species. p. c. chabaudi as pre-immune mice controlled an as challenge with essen ... | 1989 | 2648258 |
| immunological aspects of cerebral lesions in murine malaria. | the majority of male c57bl/rij mice died infected with plasmodium berghei early in the second week. death was closely correlated to collapse of the thermoregulation of the body, with perivascular oedema and petechial haemorrhages in the brain. mice that did not show a collapse of thermoregulation (temperature drop below 30 degrees c) and survived for more than 2 weeks after infection did not show haemorrhages. development of this syndrome (temperature below 30 degrees c; early death; haemorrhage ... | 1989 | 2649283 |
| plasmodium berghei: malaria infection causes increased cardiac output in rats, rattus rattus. | thirty-two 4-week-old male wistar rats were infected with plasmodium berghei malaria. on days 12 through 14, blood volume, arterial blood pressure, right ventricular pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume, hematocrit, and vascular resistances were determined. all of the cardiovascular parameters measured, with the exception of calculated pulmonary vascular resistance, changed progressively as the peripheral blood parasitemia increased. with a rising parasitemia, cardiac output incre ... | 1989 | 2649387 |
| plasmodium berghei: gametocyte production, dna content, and chromosome-size polymorphisms during asexual multiplication in vivo. | in this study the dna content and the karyotype of clones of plasmodium berghei, which differed in the capability to produce gametocytes, were determined. the dna content per haploid genome was established by cytofluorometric methods after staining of the haploid merozoites with dna-specific fluorescent dyes. field inversion gel electrophoresis was used to establish the number and size of the chromosomes. parasites of a high gametocyte producer clone (original hp) and a low producer clone (origi ... | 1989 | 2649389 |
| lectin-binding sites in the midgut of the mosquitoes anopheles stephensi liston and aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae). | the presence and distribution of binding sites for eight different lectins, con a, dba, hpl, lfa, rca i, sba, uea i, and wga, were compared in the midguts of plasmodium gallinaceum-infected aedes aegypti and plasmodium berghei-infected anopheles stephensi. lectins with high specificity for n-acetyl-d-glucosamine (glcnac) exhibited high binding preference for the peritrophic membrane and microvillar glycocalyx of ae. aegypti; the same structures were preferentially labeled by n-acetyl-d-galactosa ... | 1989 | 2649879 |
| inhibition of erythropoiesis by a soluble factor in murine malaria. | to study the cellular mechanisms involved in the ineffective erythropoiesis associated with malaria, an in vitro proliferative assay was used to measure the response to erythropoietin (epo) of erythroid progenitor cells from malaria-infected mice. in this assay, spleen (sp) cells from phenylhydrazine (phz)-treated mice (phz-sp), enriched for erythroid progenitor cells, respond to epo in a dose-dependent manner. despite a similar degree of anemia, sp and bone marrow (bm) cells from plasmodium ber ... | 1989 | 2651136 |
| involvement of tumour necrosis factor and other cytokines in immune-mediated vascular pathology. | vascular endothelial cells are actively involved in coagulation and inflammation processes and appear to represent an important element in cell-mediated immune responses. in this paper, the possible role of endothelial cells as a target for immunopathological reactions was analyzed. experimental neurovascular lesions were studied in a model of cerebral malaria, with particular attention to the role of cytokine interactions in vivo. | 1989 | 2651318 |
| molecular karyotyping of the rodent malarias plasmodium chabaudi, plasmodium berghei and plasmodium vinckei. | the molecular karyotypes of four isolates of plasmodium chabaudi, three of the subspecies p. chabaudi adami and one p. chabaudi chabaudi, as well as p. berghei and p. vinckei were studied by means of pulsed field gradient (pfg) gel electrophoresis. each species appears to have 14 chromosomes, ranging in size from approximately 730 kb to greater than 2000 kb. the three p. chabaudi adami isolates did not appear any more similar to each other than to the p. c. chabaudi isolate. the chromosome locat ... | 1989 | 2651917 |
| use of chitinase to facilitate detection of protozoan, helminth and single copy genes in squashed whole mosquitoes. | the application of dna probes to detect foreign dna in whole arthropods has been limited by the inability of the probes to distinguish between small quantities of target dna and the background signal generated by non-specific hybridization of mosquito material. we report that treatment of nitrocellulose filters upon which mosquitoes have been squashed with chitinase and proteinase k eliminates non-specific hybridization of dna probes to mosquito components. using this technique we have been able ... | 1989 | 2651922 |
| plasmodium antigens external to the parasite but with the infected erythrocyte. | three plasmodium berghei exoantigens with apparent mol. wt. of 120, 31, and 13 kda, found in infected erythrocytes by immunofluorescence, are further characterized. these antigens, synthesized in the late trophozoite and schizont stages, were released into the culture medium after schizont-infected erythrocytes were placed in culture; however, they were not found in the sera of infected animals. the 120-kda antigen proved to be somewhat heat-stable, whereas the other two did not. a monoclonal an ... | 1989 | 2652137 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of atalaphillinine and related acridone alkaloids against rodent malaria. | thirty acridone alkaloids obtained from citrus, glycosmis, or severinia plants (members of the family rutaceae) were tested for their antimalarial activities in vitro and in vivo. at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml in vitro, seven of these alkaloids suppressed 90% or more of plasmodium yoelii, which causes malaria in rodents. atalaphillinine, when injected intraperitoneally in a daily dose of 50 mg/kg for 3 days into mice infected with 10(7) erythrocytes parasitized with plasmodium berghei o ... | 1989 | 2653215 |
| soluble malarial antigens are toxic and induce the production of tumour necrosis factor in vivo. | heat-stable soluble products of rodent malarial parasites induce activated peritoneal macrophages to secrete tumour necrosis factor (tnf) in vitro. since heat-stable parasite antigens are known to be present in the circulation of patients with malaria and it has been suggested that much of the pathology of malaria is due to tnf, we investigated the ability of such antigens to induce the production of tnf in vivo and to be toxic to mice. injection of antigens obtained from plasmodium yoelii or fr ... | 1989 | 2654012 |
| relations between resistance to chloroquine and acidification of endocytic vesicle of plasmodium berghei. | in order to visualize low-ph compartments of plasmodium berghei strains we have used a basic congener of dinitrophenol, 3-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-3'-amino-n-methyldipropylamine (damp) which concentrates in acidic compartments, and can be detected by immunocytochemistry with anti-dinitrophenol antibodies. we have demonstrated that in a p. berghei chloroquine-sensitive strain (n strain), damp accumulates in the endocytic vacuoles where haemoglobin degradation is occurring. these compartments which ha ... | 1989 | 2654832 |
| metacyclic neutralizing effect of monoclonal antibody 10d8 directed to the 35- and 50-kilodalton surface glycoconjugates of trypanosoma cruzi. | it was shown in this work that the infectivity of metacyclic forms of trypanosoma cruzi was affected upon interaction with the monoclonal antibody (10d8), which reacts with a carbohydrate epitope of the 35- and 50-kilodalton (kda) surface glycoconjugates. the invasion of vero cells by metacyclic forms of strains tulahuen and g was inhibited 50 to 67% in the presence of 10d8 (10 micrograms/ml), whereas a nonrelated monoclonal antibody to plasmodium berghei had no such effect. in mice that were in ... | 1989 | 2656520 |
| antimalarial properties of ebselen. | the seleno-organic compound ebselen showed anti-malarial activity in vitro against the murine plasmodium berghei and the human p. falciparum. in p. berghei, the uptake and incorporation of [3h]-methionine and [3h]-adenosine was inhibited and the infectivity of plasmodia was reduced. ebselen affects the development of asexual stages of chloroquine-resistant and -sensitive p. falciparum strains. its ic50 for p. falciparum was about 14 mumol/l and that for p. berghei, about 10 mumol/l. the growth o ... | 1989 | 2657716 |
| therapeutic effect of chloroquine(cq)-containing immunoliposomes in rats infected with plasmodium berghei parasitized mouse red blood cells: comparison with combinations of antibodies and cq or liposomal cq. | the potential therapeutic application of chloroquine-containing immunoliposomes (fab'-lipcq) in a plasmodium berghei malaria model was studied. extending a previously described in vivo model (peeters et al. (1988) biochim. biophys. acta 943, 137-147) it was demonstrated that injection of antimouse red blood cell (anti-mrbc) fab'-lipcq was significantly more effective than liposome-encapsulated chloroquine (lipcq) or free chloroquine in delaying or preventing a patent infection after intravenous ... | 1989 | 2659088 |
| human telomeres contain at least three types of g-rich repeat distributed non-randomly. | using a combination of different oligonucleotides and restriction enzymes we have examined the gross organisation of repeats within the most distal region of human chromosomes. we demonstrate here that human telomeres do not contain a pure uniform 6 base pair repeat unit but that there are at least three types of repeat. these three types of repeat are present at the ends of most or all human chromosomes. the distribution of each type of repeat appears to be non-random. each human telomere has a ... | 1989 | 2664709 |
| antimalarials. 16. synthesis of 2-substituted analogues of 8-[(4-amino-1-methylbutyl)amino]-6-methoxy-4-methyl-5-[3- (trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]quinoline as candidate antimalarials. | a series of 2-substituted analogues of the exceptional drug 8-[(4-amino-1-methylbutyl)amino]-6-methoxy-4-methyl-5-[3- (trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]quinoline (i) were prepared and evaluated for both suppressive and prophylactic antimalarial activity. the preparation of analogues of compound i was of interest due to the high level of both blood and tissue schizonticidal activity demonstrated by this compound. one analogue, 8a, was found to be both more active and less toxic than the parent compound i. ... | 1989 | 2666665 |
| interactions of plasmodium berghei sporozoites and murine kupffer cells in vitro. | malaria sporozoites must leave the bloodstream and cross a layer of sinusoidal lining cells in order to infect hepatocytes and undergo exoerythrocytic schizogony. to determine whether kupffer cells (kc) derived from this layer interact with sporozoites, murine kc were isolated from perfused livers of balb/cj mice and incubated in vitro with plasmodium berghei sporozoites. isolated kc had characteristic macrophage surface ag and were phagocytic, ingesting both latex particles and leishmania major ... | 1989 | 2668413 |
| host diet in experimental rodent malaria: a variable which can compromise experimental design and interpretation. | over the past few years several experienced groups studying malaria have encountered significant problems with their particular rodent malaria-host system. this has involved, in some cases, periods during which the recovery of cryopreserved parasite stocks and growth of bloodstream parasites was markedly inhibited and, in other cases, periods of drastically increased mortality rates. the common factor linking these incidents was that they coincided with alterations in the experimental animal die ... | 1989 | 2668862 |
| expression of plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite antigen on the surface of exoerythrocytic schizonts and merozoites. | the intracellular distribution of circumsporozoite (cs) antigen was traced by immunoelectron microscopy in cultures of plasmodium berghei exoerythrocytic (ee) schizonts with monoclonal antibody (mab) 3d11 to the immunodominant repeat region of the p. berghei cs protein. cs antigen was localized on the parasitophorous vacuole (pv) membrane and pellicular complex of recently invaded sporozoites and on electron-dense masses of sloughed cs antigen in the host cell cytoplasm. cs antigen persisted thr ... | 1989 | 2669544 |
| antioxidants can prevent cerebral malaria in plasmodium berghei-infected mice. | a/j and cba/h mice infected with plasmodium berghei anka, a murine model of cerebral malaria, were used to see whether antioxidants influenced the outcome of this disease. untreated, infected mice died 7 to 9 days after infection, often with cerebral symptoms. haemorrhages, mononuclear infiltration and oedema were present in the central nervous system (cns). feeding a diet containing 0.75% (w/w) butylated hydroxyanisole (bha) greatly altered the course of this disease. death was delayed by up to ... | 1989 | 2669924 |
| modulation of the host's immune response to plasmodium berghei by a parasite-derived immunosuppressive factor. | it is well known that plasmodium-infected hosts are immunosuppressed, as show by their depressed immune responsiveness to a variety of antigens. it is not known, however, whether the immune response of malaria-infected animals to the malarial parasite itself is suppressed. the availability of a noninfectious, immunosuppressive factor (isf) derived from plasmodium berghei-infected rat erythrocytes made it possible to investigate this question. mice infected with p. berghei and injected with the i ... | 1989 | 2671343 |
| chloroquine containing liposomes in the chemotherapy of murine malaria. | in this study, the advantage of the use of chloroquine (cq) containing liposomes (lipcq) over free cq in the chemotherapy of murine malaria (plasmodium berghei) was demonstrated. the maximum permissible dose per intraperitoneal injection was 0.8 and 10 mg for cq and lipcq, respectively. an increase in therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of lipcq in comparison with free cq at a 0.8 mg cq dose level was found. it was possible to obtain 100% efficacy (injection at day 5 after infection; parasitae ... | 1989 | 2671876 |
| comparative morphology of human and animal malaria parasites. i. host-parasite interface. | human and animal malaria parasites (plasmodium falciparum, p. malariae, p. vivax, p. berghei, p. gallinaceum) were studied using special fixation and standardized methods, with special attention to their effects on host cells. morphological alterations induced by the parasites in infected erythrocytes included knobs, invaginations, and caveola-vesicle complexes on the surface of the host cell and clefts, microvesicles, and small vesicles in the cytoplasm of the infected erythrocytes. for p. mala ... | 1989 | 2671984 |
| effects of testosterone on blood leukocytes in plasmodium berghei-infected mice. | gonadectomized male mice aged 5 weeks were given 5 mg testosterone propionate daily for 14 days. the treatment significantly decreased the number of blood leukocytes. the number of all individual types of leukocytes except basophils in vehicle-treated gonadectomized mice was increased. testosterone-treated mice consistently had a lower number of leukocytes after being infected with plasmodium berghei than did vehicle-treated mice. the results suggest that testosterone suppresses the production o ... | 1989 | 2671986 |
| acquirement of protective immunity in mice through infection with an attenuated isolate and its failure in parent virulent plasmodium berghei. | in virulent plasmodium berghei infection, mice showed suppressive responses to sheep red blood cells srbc (pfc) as well as the parasite antigen (dth) and developed autoantibodies against homologous lymphocytes. on the other hand, mice infected with an attenuated variant derived from p. berghei did not show these responses but developed solid protective immunity against parent parasite infection accompanied by high antibody titre. when such an immune serum was transferred into mice, attenuated pa ... | 1989 | 2671987 |
| antimalarial activity of new floxacrine-related acridinedione derivatives: studies on blood schizontocidal action of potential candidates against p. berghei in mice and p. falciparum in vivo and in vitro. | deoxyfloxacrine derivatives (1-hydrazone: s 83 0083; 1-imine: s 84 7277) and floxacrine derivatives (10-methoxy-floxacrine: l 84 7667; 1-imine: l 84 7693) selected from a series of newly synthesized 3-aryl-7-chloro-3,4-dihydro-1,9(2h,10h)-acridinediones were evaluated for blood schizontocidal activities in mice infected with asexual stages of various drug-resistant lines of p. berghei and in new world monkeys infected with blood schizonts of different chloroquine-resistant strains of p. falcipar ... | 1989 | 2671988 |
| peroxides as oxidant antimalarials. | to further explore the antimalarial activity of peroxides (e.g. artemisinin 1), twenty-three peroxides (all the compounds shown in figures 3 and 4) of diverse chemical structure and acceptable stability were selected and tested for antimalarial activity in vitro against plasmodium falciparum, and in mice against p. berghei. included were hydroperoxides, dialkyl peroxides, acyl and diacylperoxides, peroxyketals, peroxycarbonates, and endoperoxides. none was active in vivo, although several were r ... | 1989 | 2673281 |
| host cell specificity and schizogony of plasmodium berghei under different in vitro conditions. | invasion and intra-erythrocytic growth of two strains of plasmodium berghei (anka and k173) were studied under different in vitro conditions. some important limiting factors for the mass cultivation of this rodent malaria parasite were reconsidered. parasites of both strains developed normally from ringforms into mature schizonts in rpmi1640 supplemented with fetal calf serum (fcs). at a temperature of 37 degrees c the duration of the schizogonic cycle was comparable to that of the same parasite ... | 1989 | 2674047 |
| induction of tnf in vitro as a model for the identification of toxic malaria antigens. | tumour necrosis factor (tnf) has been implicated as a mediator of toxicity in a number of infectious diseases, including malaria. we have shown that human and rodent blood-stage parasites liberate heat-stable soluble antigens that induce the release of tnf by activated macrophages in vitro and in vivo, and are toxic to mice made hypersensitive to tnf by d-galactosamine. these antigens induce t-independent antibodies which specifically block their ability, but not that of bacterial lipopolysaccha ... | 1989 | 2674557 |
| protective and pathological activity in serum of mice developing resistance to plasmodium berghei infection. | the serum from mice developing resistance against plasmodium berghei infection using chemotherapeutic treatment has been analysed in vivo and in vitro. during the immunization period pathological as well as protective activities which could be transferred by serum were generated. the pathological activity, which was defined as destruction of erythrocytes in normal recipient mice, was generated early in the immunization procedure, peaked at day 21, and decreased to undetectable levels by day 35. ... | 1989 | 2674863 |
| effects of malaria on o2 consumption and brown adipose tissue activity in mice. | increased energy expenditure often occurs during illness or after injection of endotoxin and can contribute to the generation of fever. in laboratory rats and mice the thermogenic response has been attributed to the sympathetic activation of brown adipose tissue (bat), although mice often fail to show pyrexia. in this study the effects of malaria on o2 consumption and bat were studied in mice inoculated with plasmodium berghei. parasitemia was maximal (greater than 50% of erythrocytes showing po ... | 1989 | 2676949 |
| cultivation of the exoerythrocytic stage of plasmodium berghei in primary cultures of mouse hepatocytes and continuous mouse cell lines. | plasmodium berghei exoerythrocytic (ee) stages have been cultured in vitro in human continuous cell lines and primary cultures of both human and rat hepatocytes. although the predominant experimental model of irradiated sporozoite-induced protective immunity is the mouse, p. berghei has not been cultivated in primary mouse hepatocytes or in continuous mouse lines. because of this, target cells are not available for determining if these immunized mice produce cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) that r ... | 1989 | 2676959 |
| [synthesis and antimalarial as well as antitumor activities of 2,4-diamino-6-(n-methyl-substituted benzylamino) quinazolines]. | sixteen 2,4-diamino-6-(n-methyl-substituted benzylamino) quinazolines (i) were synthesized by two different methods. 2-nitro-5-chloro-benzonitrile was treated with the appropriate n-methyl-substituted benzylamines and i was formed after reduction and cyclization. another method was reductive methylation, i.e., 2,4-diamino-6-substituted benzylaminoquinazolines reacted with formaldehyde and sodium cyanoborohydride at ph 6.3. suppressive therapeutic tests in mice infected with plasmodium berghei sh ... | 1989 | 2678893 |
| [effect of murine malarial circulating immune complexes on the production of reactive oxygen species by peritoneal exudate cells of normal mice]. | circulating immune complexes (cic) isolated from sera of mice infected with plasmodium berghei by precipitation with polyethylene glycol were examined for their ability to stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species by peritoneal exudate (pec) of normal mice, using luminol-aided chemiluminescence (cl). cic were found to be capable of stimulating the production of cl by normal mouse pec. weaker cl responses were observed when pec were incubated with p. berghei soluble antigens. normal mou ... | 1989 | 2680155 |
| gametocytocidal and sporontocidal activity of some standard antimalarials on p. berghei (nk 65) infection m. natalensis. | three standard antimalarials pyrimethamine, primaquine and quinine were tested against p. berghei (nk 65) for gametocytocidal and sporontocidal action. pyrimethamine at 7.5, 3.25, 2.5 and 1.25 mg/kg., primaquine at 15, 10 and 7.5 mg/kg, quinine at 225, 168.5, 140.62 and 112.5 mg/kg were given orally to infected m. natalensis for 3 consecutive days i.e., day 6, 7 and 8 post inoculation of sporozoites. to assess sporontocidal action batches of mosquitoes (a. stephensi) were fed on infected-treated ... | 1989 | 2680637 |
| ontogeny of ookinete of plasmodium berghei (nk 65): a scanning electron microscopic study. | the ontogeny of ookinete of plasmodium berghei (nk 65) was studied in vector anopheles stephensi fed on infected mastomys natalensis. the round zygote transformed into an ookinete after passing through following stages-1 gram-seed shaped zygote, 2 comma-shaped stage, 3 semilunar and 4 banana shaped ookinete. each fully formed ookinete had a 'conule' at the anterior end of the body. in some ookinetes under sem a depression was observed in the posterior half of the body. the function of the depres ... | 1989 | 2681394 |
| [mechanism of porphyrin conformational changes of hemoglobin in the blood in malarial infestation]. | the reversible conformational changes in porphirine of hemoglobin of mouse blood during malaria and under laser and tocopherol effects were studied by means of raman spectroscopy. | 1989 | 2682477 |
| chloroquine blood levels after administration of the liposome-encapsulated drug in relation to therapy of murine malaria. | in a previous report (p. a. m. peeters, c. w. e. m. huiskamp, w. m. c. eling, and d. j. a. crommelin. parasitology, 1989, in press) an increase in therapeutic and prophylactic potential was found when chloroquine (cq) was encapsulated in fluid-state liposomes (lipcq) and tested in plasmodium berghei-infected mice in comparison to intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of the free drug. in this study, the same model was used to demonstrate that encapsulation of cq into gel-state liposomes further ... | 1989 | 2682591 |
| [antimalarial action of alloxan and 5,6-diamino-2,4-dihydroxy-pyrimidine in plasmodium berghei]. | three hours after iv administration of alloxan and 5,6-diamino-2,4-dihydroxy-pyrimidine to mice infected with chloroquine-sensitive (cs) and chloroquine-resistant (cr) strains of plasmodium berghei, the 2 compounds showed remarkable antimalarial actions. parasitemia in cs and cr infected mice were reduced by about 50%. slight hemolysis was seen in mice treated with alloxan but not in mice treated with 5,6-diamino-2,4-dihydro-pyrimidine. alloxan did not inhibit glutathione reductase activity and ... | 1989 | 2683580 |
| estimating the degree of infection of plasmodium berghei infected red blood cells by evaluation of pyruvate kinase activity. | a procedure is proposed to estimate the parasitemia of red blood cells infected with p. berghei by determination of pyruvate kinase activity. the activity of this enzyme shows a linear dependence not on the relative number of infected cells but on the average number of parasites per red blood cell. to provide a transformation between these two parameters a theoretical model of multiple infections of blood cells is derived, the accuracy of which was proved experimentally. | 1989 | 2684475 |
| preparation and biological activity of new substituted antimalarial diaminodiphenylsulfones. | starting from 4,4'-diamino-diphenylsulfone (dds) as a lead structure, new 2-substituted analogues as well as new 2-substituted 4-alkylamino-4'-amino diphenylsulfones have been designed and synthetized in different ways. this has led to compounds the inhibitory activity of which against 7,8-dihydropteroic acid synthase of plasmodia and mycobacteria is clearly superior to that of sulfadoxine and in most cases to that of dds. of special interest is 4'-amino-4-n-propylamino-2-methyl-diphenylsulfone. ... | 1989 | 2686656 |
| studies on 2,3,n,n'-substituted 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfones as potential antimalarial agents. | a series of new 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfones substituted at 2 and 3 position and also at primary amino group of the phenyl rings have been synthesized and evaluated for their antimalarial activity against plasmodium berghei infection in mice. some of these compounds were active and showed complete inhibition of parasitaemia which included 7a1-7a4, 7b3, 7b4 and 16a at 1 mg/kg i.p. for 4 days and 16a, at 0.3 mg/kg for 4 days. some compounds tested for their synthetase inhibitory action in cell-fre ... | 1989 | 2686657 |
| contrasts in antigen expression in the erythrocytic and exoerythrocytic stages of rodent malaria. | the time and site of expression of five antigens, recognized by monoclonal antibodies raised against blood-stage parasites, were studied in the exoerythrocytic stage of plasmodium berghei using indirect immunofluorescent antibody staining. two monoclonal antibodies (w 3.5, i 2.6), which stain the cytoplasm of infected erythrocytes, did not stain the cytoplasm of the infected liver cell but stained the parasite itself suggesting a difference in the antigenic architecture of the erythrocytic and e ... | 1989 | 2687775 |
| the chemotherapy of rodent malaria. xliv. studies on the mode of action of cm 6606, an indolo (3,2-c) quinoline n-oxide. | cm 6606 differs in its mode of action from chloroquine but studies on its activity against parasites resistant to other antimalarials suggest that it may have some features in common with aminoalcohols. similarities in drug-induced pigment changes are especially striking. only halofantrine shows a reduced activity, however, against parasites that are highly resistant to cm 6606, while such parasites are slightly hypersensitive to sulfadoxine and clindamycin. evidence suggesting that cm 6606 may ... | 1989 | 2688575 |
| an in vivo study on the effect of the immunosuppressant drug cyclosporin in malaria-infected mice. | | 1989 | 2690419 |
| antimalarial and toxic effect of triple combination of pyronaridine, sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine. | the triple combination of pyronaridine, sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine which has been proven to be efficient in delaying emergence of drug resistance of rodent malarial parasites was further studied for potential application to malaria control. the antimalarial effect of the triple combination on plasmodium berghei anka-infected mice and the toxic effects in mice and rats were additive. a single dose of pyronaridine 500 mg in combination with sulfadoxine, 1000 or 1500 mg, and pyrimethamine, 50 or ... | 1989 | 2692191 |
| antagonism of serum of mice infected with chloroquine-resistant 'ns' line to the antimalarial action of chloroquine. | chloroquine (cq) solution was separately mixed with the serum of mice infected with chloroquine-resistant 'ns' line (smns), the serum of mice infected with chloroquine-sensitive plasmodium berghei anka strain (smcs), and the serum of normal mice (sm). these mixtures were then used in treating mice inoculated with p. berghei anka strain. the results obtained on d 5 after drug-serum administration showed that the erythrocyte infection rates in the smns + cq, smcs + cq, and sm + cq groups were 32, ... | 1989 | 2692400 |