| the global importance of the cereal cyst nematode (heterodera spp.) on wheat and international approaches to its control. | the cereal cyst nematodes (ccns) are a group of several closely related species which have been documented to cause economic yield loss on rainfed wheat production systems in several part of the world including north africa, west asia, china, india, australia, america and several countries in europe. the most commonly reported species is heterodera avenae, however there are at least two other species h. filipjevi and h. latipons are implicated. it is well appreciated that plants under water and ... | 2007 | 18399504 |
| mapping qtls with epistatic effects and qtl x environment interactions for plant height using a doubled haploid population in cultivated wheat. | quantitative trait loci (qtls) for plant height in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were studied using a set of 168 doubled haploid (dh) lines, which were derived from the cross huapei 3/yumai 57. a genetic linkage map was constructed using 283 ssr and 22 est-ssr markers. the dh population and the parents were evaluated for wheat plant height in 2005 and 2006 in tai'an and 2006 in suzhou. qtl analyses were performed using the software of qtlnetwork version 2.0 based on the mixed linear model. four a ... | 2008 | 18407059 |
| [high molecular weight protein detected in higher plant cells by antibodies against dynein is associated with vesicular organelles including golgi apparatus]. | the cytoplasmic dynein is a multisubunit complex driving organelles along microtubules to their minus-end. we used antibodies against two functional domains (motor and microtubule-binding) of one of principal components of the complex--dynein heavy chain of slime mould dictyostelium discoideum--to test root meristem cells of wheat triticum aestivum. the antibodies reacted with a high molecular weight protein (> 500 kda) in the total cell extract and the band recognized by the antibodies in plant ... | 2008 | 18409378 |
| [mapping of the quantitative trait loci (qtl) associated with grain quality characteristics of the common wheat grown under different environmental conditions]. | the quantitative trait loci (qtl) associated with individual characteristics of grain and flour quality in wheat lines grown under contrasting environmental conditions were mapped. overall, 22 qtl that manifested under contrasting environmental conditions with various significances were detected on 10 chromosomes. grain hardness and vitreousness were associated with three loci on chromosomes 5d, 6a, and 3a, while the gluten content, with two loci on chromosomes 5b and 7a. dough extensibility was ... | 2008 | 18409391 |
| retroelement insertional polymorphisms, diversity and phylogeography within diploid, d-genome aegilops tauschii (triticeae, poaceae) sub-taxa in iran. | the diploid goat grass aegilops tauschii (2n = 2x = 14) is native to the middle east and is the d-genome donor to hexaploid bread wheat. the aim of this study was to measure the diversity of different subspecies and varieties of wild ae. tauschii collected across the major areas where it grows in iran and to examine patterns of diversity related to the taxa and geography. | 2008 | 18411258 |
| expression of the novel wheat gene tm20 confers enhanced cadmium tolerance to bakers' yeast. | cadmium causes the generation of reactive oxygen species, which in turn causes cell damage. we isolated a novel gene from a wheat root cdna library, which conferred cd(ii)-specific tolerance when expressed in yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae). the gene, which we called tatm20, for triticum aestivum transmembrane 20, encodes a putative hydrophobic polypeptide of 889 amino acids, containing 20 transmembrane domains arranged as a 5-fold internal repeating unit of 4 transmembrane domains each. expres ... | 2008 | 18411273 |
| determination of trace alkaline phosphatase by solid-substrate room-temperature phosphorimetry based on triticum vulgare lectin labeled with fullerenol. | fullerenol (f) shows a strong and stable room-temperature phosphorescence (rtp) signal on the surface of nitrocellulose membrane (ncm) at lambda ex max/ lambda em max =542.0/709.4 nm. when modified by dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt (dbs), fullerenol emits a stronger signal. it was also found that quantitative specific affinity-adsorption reaction can be carried out between triticum vulgare lectin (wga) labeled with dbs-f and alkaline phosphatase (alp) on the surface of ncm, and the prod ... | 2008 | 18421752 |
| positive role of a wheat hvabi5 ortholog in abiotic stress response of seedlings. | aba-responsive element binding protein (areb) and aba-responsive element binding factor (abf), members of the basic region/leucine zipper (bzip)-type protein family, act as major transcription factors in aba-responsive gene expression under abiotic stress conditions in arabidopsis. barley hvabi5 and rice transcription factor responsible for aba regulation 1 (trab1) are homologues of areb/abf and are expressed in drought- and aba-treated seedlings. however, no direct evidence has shown an associa ... | 2008 | 18433415 |
| cereal cyst nematode resistance conferred by the cre7 gene from aegilops triuncialis and its relationship with cre genes from australian wheat cultivars. | cereal cyst nematode (ccn; heterodera avenae woll.) is a root pathogen of cereal crops that can cause severe yield losses in wheat (triticum aestivum). differential host-nematode interactions occur in wheat cultivars carrying different ccn resistance (cre) genes. the objective of this study was to determine the ccn resistance conferred by the cre7 gene from aegilops triuncialis in a 42-chromosome introgression line and to assess the effects of the cre1, cre3, cre4, and cre8 genes present in aust ... | 2008 | 18438434 |
| the wheat mitogen-activated protein kinases tampk3 and tampk6 are differentially regulated at multiple levels during compatible disease interactions with mycosphaerella graminicola. | many race- or isolate-specific disease resistance responses of plants toward pathogens (incompatible interactions) invoke hypersensitive response (hr)-like programmed cell death (pcd) and the coordinated activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases homologous with arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) atmpk6 and atmpk3 (or tobacco [nicotiana tabacum] sipk and wipk), respectively. resistance of wheat (triticum aestivum) leaves to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen mycosphaerella graminicola can als ... | 2008 | 18441220 |
| effects of diet on population growth of psocids lepinotus reticulatus and liposcelis entomophila. | we investigated the suitability of 11 diets as culture media for the psocids lepinotus reticulatus enderlein (psocoptera: trogiidae) and liposcelis entomophila (enderlein) (psocoptera: liposcelididae). the culture media comprised six diets made of plain cereals, namely, wheat (triticum aestivum l.), corn (zea mays l.), milo sorghum bicolor (l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.), oats (avena sativa l.), and rice (oryza sativa l.), and five artificial diets. we found that, with the exception of corn, l ... | 2008 | 18459431 |
| detection of quantitative trait loci associated with leaf rust resistance in bread wheat. | leaf rust, caused by puccinia recondita rob. ex desm., is a common disease in wheat. the objective of this study was to develop molecular markers associated with the quantitative trait loci (qtls) putatively conferring durable leaf rust resistance in triticum aestivum l. em. thell. a population of 77 recombinant inbred lines (rils) developed from 'parula' (resistant) and 'siete cerros' (moderately susceptible) was used. bulked segregant analysis was done using random amplified polymorphic dnas ( ... | 1997 | 18464825 |
| structural organization of an alien thinopyrum intermedium group 7 chromosome in u.s. soft red winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) resistance in soft red winter wheat (srww) cultivars has been achieved by substituting a group 7 chromosome from thinopyrum intermedium for chromosome 7d. to localize bydv resistance, a detailed molecular genetic analysis was done on the alien group 7 th. intermedium chromosome to determine its structural organization. triticeae group 7 rflp markers and rye specific repetitive sequences used in the analysis showed that the alien chromosome in the p29 substitution ... | 1997 | 18464860 |
| functional characterization of hfr1, a high-mannose n-glycan-specific wheat lectin induced by hessian fly larvae. | we previously cloned and characterized a novel jacalin-like lectin gene from wheat (triticum aestivum) plants that responds to infestation by hessian fly (mayetiola destructor) larvae, a major dipteran pest of this crop. the infested resistant plants accumulated higher levels of hfr-1 (for hessian fly-responsive gene 1) transcripts compared with uninfested or susceptible plants. here, we characterize the soluble and active recombinant his(6)-hfr1 protein isolated from escherichia coli. functiona ... | 2008 | 18467454 |
| genotoxicity of triasulfuron in the wing spot test of drosophila melanogaster is modulated by winter wheat seedlings. | triasulfuron (ts) is a widely used sulfonylurea herbicide which inhibits the acetolactate synthase in broad-leaf weeds and in some wheat crop grasses (triticum aestivum l.). residues can be found in soil and superficial water with high toxicity to primary producers. in cereals, ts metabolism depends on cytochromes p450 (cyps), the age of seedlings and the interaction with compounds. the genotoxicity of ts was demonstrated in the wing spot test of drosophila melanogaster, an in vivo assay based o ... | 2008 | 18468945 |
| identification, mapping, and application of polymorphic dna associated with resistance gene pm21 of wheat. | a new powdery mildew resistance gene designated pm21, from haynaldia villosa, a relative of wheat, has been identified and incorporated into wheat through an alien translocation line. cytogenetic and biochemical analyses showed that chromosome arms 6vs and 6al were involved in this translocation. random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis was performed on recipient wheat cultivar yangmai 5, the translocation line, and h. villosa with 180 random primers. eight of the 180 primers amplified p ... | 1996 | 18469886 |
| molecular cytogenetic analysis of agropyron chromatin specifying resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus in wheat. | nine families of bread wheat (tc5, tc6, tc7, tc8, tc9, tc10, tc14, 5395-(243aa), and 5395) with resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus and containing putative translocations between wheat and a group 7 chromosome of agropyron intermedium (l1 disomic addition line, 7ai#1 chromosome) induced by homoeologous pairing or tissue culture were analyzed. c-banding, genomic in situ hybridization (gish), and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) in combination with repetitive agropyron-specific ... | 1996 | 18469897 |
| a gene for resistance to a necrosis-inducing isolate of pyrenophora tritici-repentis located on 5bl of triticum aestivum cv. chinese spring. | several sources of high-level resistance to tan spot caused by pyrenophora tritici-repentis have been identified in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). this study was conducted to determine the number and chromosome location of a gene(s) in the cultivar chinese spring (cs) that confers resistance to a tan necrosis inducing isolate (nec+chl−) of p. tritici-repentis, 86-124, and insensitivity to ptr necrosis toxin. reciprocal crosses were made between cs (resistant-insensitive) and 'keny ... | 1996 | 18469918 |
| varying chromosome composition of 56-chromosome wheat x thinopyrum intermedium partial amphiploids. | thinopyrum intermedium (2n = 42) is a source of many potentially useful genes for wheat improvement. many partial amphiploids have been produced between th. intermedium and triticum aestivum that are fertile and stable. these partial amphiploids all have 56 chromosomes, including seven pairs of chromosomes from th. intermedium. to explore the genomic composition of these lines, meiotic analysis was conducted on 32 hybrid combinations between eight different partial amphiploids. all but two of th ... | 1993 | 18469982 |
| inheritance of leaf rust and stem rust resistance in 'roblin' wheat. | the canadian common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivar 'roblin' is resistant to both leaf rust (puccinia recondita rob. ex. desm.) and stem rust (puccinia graminis pers. f. sp. tritici eriks. and e. henn.). to study the genetics of this resistance, 'roblin' was crossed with 'thatcher', a leaf rust susceptible cultivar, and rl6071, a stem rust susceptible line. a set of f6 random lines was developed from each cross. the random lines and the parents were grown in a field rust nursery artificial ... | 1993 | 18469988 |
| alloplasmic wheat - elymus ciliaris chromosome addition lines. | alloplasmic euploid wheat with the cytoplasm of elymus ciliaris (2n = 4x = 28, scscycyc) is male sterile and has reduced vigor. however, alloplasmic plants with e. ciliaris chromosomes 1sc or 1yc marked by gliadin genes gli-sc1 and gli-ycl, respectively, are vigorous and fertile. the rf genes on 1sc and 1yc are named rf-sc1 and rf-yc1. two chromosome translocations involving 1yc were isolated. the first involved the short arm of 1yc translocated to the short arm of wheat chromosome 3b. the secon ... | 1993 | 18469991 |
| the mechanism and inheritance of adult plant leaf rust resistance in 12 wheat lines. | twelve lines of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were developed that had susceptible infection types to leaf rust (puccinia recondita rob. ex desm. f.sp. tritici) race un 15 in the seedling stage but were resistant in the adult plant stage in the field. the lines were developed from four crosses, each involving four parents (eight in total) that had originally been selected for adult plant or field resistance to stem rust (puccinia graminis pers. f.sp. tritici eriks, and henn.). the objectives of th ... | 1993 | 18470035 |
| transfer of leaf rust and stem rust resistance genes from triticum triaristatum to durum and bread wheats and their molecular cytogenetic localization. | six accessions of triticum triaristatum (willd) godr. &gren. (syn. aegilops triaristata) (6x, uummunun), having good resistance to both leaf rust (puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici rob. ex desm) races and stem rust (p. graminis f.sp. tritici eriks. &henn.) races, were successfully crossed with both susceptible durum wheats (t. turgidum var. durum l., 2n = 28, aabb) and bread wheats (t. aestivum, 2n = 42, aabbdd). in some crosses, embryo rescue was necessary. the t. triaristatum resistance was exp ... | 1994 | 18470085 |
| gene-for-gene interactions between the rye mildew fungus and wheat cultivars. | genetic mechanisms of the incompatibility between erysiphe graminis f.sp. secalis and wheat cultivars were analyzed using f1 hybrids between e. graminis f.sp. secalis, sk-1, and f.sp. tritici, tk-1. the avirulence of sk-1 on triticum aestivum 'norin 4', 'chinese spring', and 'kokeshi-komugi' was controlled by a single gene. the resistance of the three cultivars to sk-1 was also controlled by a single gene, pm15, a gene for resistance to e. graminis f.sp. agropyri. implications of these results w ... | 1994 | 18470120 |
| resistance to wheat leaf rust and stem rust in triticum tauschii and inheritance in hexaploid wheat of resistance transferred from t. tauschii. | twelve accessions of triticum tauschii (coss.) schmal. were genetically analyzed for resistance to leaf rust (puccinia recondita rob. ex desm.) and stem rust (puccinia graminis pers. f.sp. tritici eriks. and e. henn.) of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). four genes conferring seedling resistance to leaf rust, one gene conferring seedling resistance to stem rust, and one gene conferring adult-plant resistance to stem rust were identified. these genes were genetically distinct from genes previo ... | 1994 | 18470124 |
| rflp markers linked to powdery mildew resistance genes pm1, pm2, pm3, and pm4 in wheat. | near-isogenic lines (nils) and their recurrent parent chancellor (cc) were used to identify restriction fragment length polymorphic markers linked to powdery mildew (blumeria graminis (dc.) e.o. speer f.sp. tritici) resistance genes pm1, pm2, pm3, and pm4 in wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell). by mapping these polymorphic markers in f2 progenies from crosses of the nils with cc, it was found that pm1 cosegregated with a polymorphic locus detected by dna probe cdo347; pm2 was linked to a locu ... | 1994 | 18470129 |
| cytological and molecular characterization of a triticum aestivum x lophopyrum ponticum backcross derivative resistant to barley yellow dwarf. | barley yellow dwarf is the most damaging virus-caused disease in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). a resistant line, sw335.1.2-13-11-1-5 (2n = 47), derived from a cross of t. aestivum x lophopyrum ponticum was characterized by meiotic chromosome pairing, by in situ dna hybridization and by expression of molecular markers to determine its chromosome constitution. all progeny of this line had three pairs of l. ponticum chromosomes from homoeologous chromosome groups 3, 5, and 6 and the 2n = 47 p ... | 1994 | 18470130 |
| detection of a 2.6 kb single/low copy dna sequence on chromosomes of wheat (triticum aestivum) and rye (secale cereale) by fluorescence in situ hybridization. | a fluorescence in situ hybridization procedure was developed to detect a 2.6 kb single/low copy dna sequence on chromosomes of wheat (triticum aestivum) and rye (secale cereale). the probe, pttksui26, was from the wheat genomic library generated at kansas state university and was labeled with bio-11-dutp by nick translation. the signal was amplified by a protocol of avidin-fitc (fluorescein isothiocyanate), biotinylated goat anti-avidin antibody, avidin-fitc. two rye chromosomes and several whea ... | 1995 | 18470163 |
| disomic thinopyrum intermedium addition lines in wheat with barley yellow dwarf virus resistance and with rust resistances. | zhong 5 is a partial amphiploid (2n = 56) between triticum aestivum (2n = 42) and thinopyrum intermedium (2n = 42) carrying all the chromosomes of wheat and seven pairs of chromosomes from th. intermedium. following further backcrossing to wheat, six independent stable 2n = 44 lines were obtained representing 4 disomic chromosome addition lines. one chromosome confers barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) resistance, whereas two other chromosomes carry leaf and stem rust resistance; one of the latter ... | 1995 | 18470177 |
| introgression and characterization of barley yellow dwarf virus resistance from thinopyrum intermedium into wheat. | wheatgrasses (species of agropyron complex) have previously been reported to be resistant to barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv). to introgress this resistance into wheat, triticum aestivum x thinopyrum (agropyron) intermedium hybrids were advanced through a backcrossing program and reaction to bydv, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), is reported for the first time in backcross populations of wide hybrids between wheat and wheatgrasses. elisa values revealed highly resistan ... | 1995 | 18470179 |
| molecular mapping of wheat. homoeologous group 3. | a prerequisite for molecular level genetic studies and breeding in wheat is a molecular marker map detailing its similarities with those of other grass species in the gramineae family. we have constructed restriction fragment length polymorphism maps of the a-, b-, and d-genome chromosomes of homoeologous group 3 of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell) using 114 f7-8 lines from a synthetic x bread wheat cross. the map consists of 58 markers spanning 230 cm on chromosome 3a, 62 marker ... | 1995 | 18470186 |
| lateral-flow colloidal gold-based immunoassay for the rapid detection of deoxynivalenol with two indicator ranges. | a lateral-flow immunoassay using a colloidal gold-labelled monoclonal antibody was developed for the rapid detection of deoxynivalenol (don). different parameters, such as the amount of immunoreagents, type of the materials, composition of the blocking solution and of the detector reagent mixture, were investigated to provide the optimum assay performance. the experimental results demonstrated that such a visual test had an indicator range rather than a cut-off value. thus, tests for don determi ... | 2008 | 18482609 |
| [inhibition of lipase activity by low-molecular-weight chitosan]. | inhibition of enzymatic activity of lipase (ec 3.1.1.3) from the fungus candida rugosa and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) germ by low-molecular-weight chitosan with an average molecular weight of 5.7 kda in reactions of p-nitrophenyl palmitate cleavage was studied. preincubation of lipases with chitosan, prior to addition of the substrate to solution, showed that equilibrium during the lipase-inhibitor complex formation was reached within 30 min. the inhibition constants for c. rugosa lipase and w ... | 2008 | 18491595 |
| construction of multiform scfv antibodies using linker peptide. | multiform single chain variable fragments (scfvs) including different length linker scfvs and bispecific scfv were constructed. the linker lengths of 0, 3, 5, 8, 12, and 15 amino acids between v(h) and v(l) of antideoxynivalenol (anti-don) scfv were used to analyze the affinities of scfvs. the affinity constants of these scfvs increased when the linker was lower than 12 amino acids. the affinity constant would not change when the linker was longer than 12 amino acids. fusion gene of anti-don scf ... | 2008 | 18499076 |
| study of the refirming effect of a plant complex. | loss of skin elasticity is one of the main problems of ageing. this is a mechanical property influenced by elastin, a protein in the dermis which, together with collagen and glycosaminoglycans, makes up the connective tissue. this tissue is affected by a large number of events (such as cutaneous ageing, pregnancy, slimming processes and cellulitis) which eventually cause it to change. at the same time, the metabolism of the proteins of the connective tissue decreases and there is an ever greater ... | 1998 | 18505506 |
| clomiphene citrate modulates the expression of endometrial carbohydrates (especially n-acetyl-d-glucosamine and sialic acid) in pseudopregnant rats. | this study investigated the presence of carbohydrates n-acetyl-d-glucosamine and sialic acid oligosaccharides, in the uterine epithelium of pseudopregnant rats treated with ovarian hormones and clomiphene citrate (cc) a commonly used fertility drug associated with low pregnancy rates. ovariectomized sexually mature rats were given 0.25mg cc prior to the implantation-priming hormone sequence of 5mg progesterone for 3 days and a single dose of 0.5microg estradiol-17beta (e(2)) on day 3 (pp(pe)) an ... | 2008 | 18514805 |
| molecular mapping of quantitative trait loci for yield and yield components in spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | an f1 derived doubled haploid (dh) population of 402 lines from the adapted spring wheat cross superb (high yielding)/bw278 (low yielding) was developed to identify quantitative trait loci (qtl) associated with yield and yield components. a subset of the population (186 lines) was evaluated in replicated field trials in 2001 and 2002 at six locations in manitoba and saskatchewan, canada. agronomic parameters, grain yield and yield components including 1,000 grain weight, harvest index, average s ... | 2008 | 18516583 |
| toxic reactivity of wheat (triticum aestivum) plants to herbicide isoproturon. | the herbicide isoproturon is widely used for controlling weed/grass in agricultural practice. however, the side effect of isoproturon as contaminants on crops is unknown. in this study, we investigated isoproturon-induced oxidative stress in wheat ( triticum aestivum). the plants were grown in soils with isoproturon at 0-20 mg/kg and showed negative biological responses. the growth of wheat seedlings with isoproturon was inhibited. chlorophyll content significantly decreased at the low concentra ... | 2008 | 18522406 |
| quantitative trait loci for grain fructan concentration in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | fructans (fructo-oligosaccharides) are prebiotics that are thought to selectively promote the growth of colonic bifidobacteria, thereby improving human gut health. fructans are present in the grain of wheat, a staple food crop. in the research reported here, we aimed to detect and map loci affecting grain fructan concentration in wheat using a doubled-haploid population derived from a cross between a high-fructan breeding line, berkut, and a low-fructan cultivar, krichauff. fructan concentration ... | 2008 | 18536901 |
| [cellular features of immune reaction of common wheat with lr19 gene to brown rust fungus infection]. | the effect of resistant gene lr19 on the development of brown rust fungus puccinia triticina in the immune line of thatcher variety was similar to that of nonhost species. the development of the fungus was inhibited in the plant tissue at the early stages. the fungus cells demonstrated structural disorganization of the nuclei and mitochondria before host cell invasion. the plant cell membranes and chloroplasts were changed; large chromatin aggregates appeared in their nuclei. hypersensitive reac ... | 2008 | 18540192 |
| novel properties of the wheat aluminum tolerance organic acid transporter (taalmt1) revealed by electrophysiological characterization in xenopus oocytes: functional and structural implications. | many plant species avoid the phytotoxic effects of aluminum (al) by exuding dicarboxylic and tricarboxylic acids that chelate and immobilize al(3+) at the root surface, thus preventing it from entering root cells. several novel genes that encode membrane transporters from the almt and mate families recently were cloned and implicated in mediating the organic acid transport underlying this al tolerance response. given our limited understanding of the functional properties of almts, in this study ... | 2008 | 18550686 |
| identification and mapping qtl for high-temperature adult-plant resistance to stripe rust in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivar 'stephens'. | high-temperature adult-plant (htap) resistance from the winter wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivar 'stephens' has protected wheat crops from stripe rust caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici for 30 years. the objectives of this study were to identify quantitative trait loci (qtl) for htap resistance in stephens through genetic linkage analysis and identify dna markers linked to the qtl for use in marker-assisted breeding. mapping populations consisted of 101 recombinant inbred lines (rils ... | 2008 | 18584147 |
| phytochemical quantification and total antioxidant capacities of emmer (triticum dicoccon schrank) and einkorn (triticum monococcum l.) wheat landraces. | in this study, samples of 18 ancient wheat (12 emmer, 6 einkorn) and 2 bread wheat varieties grown in different regions of turkey were examined for their total phenolics and flavonoids, phenolic acids, lutein, total yellow pigment, and total radical scavenging capacities against abts cation. results showed that health beneficial phytochemicals and total antioxidant capacities were generally significantly different in emmer and einkorn wheat groups. remarkably higher total antioxidant activity (1 ... | 2008 | 18593174 |
| effect of temperature and commodity on insecticidal efficacy of spinosad dust against sitophilus oryzae (coleoptera: curculionidae) and rhyzopertha dominica (coleoptera: bostrychidae). | the insecticidal effect of spinosad dust, a formulation that contains 0.125% spinosad, was evaluated against adults of sitophilus oryzae (l.) and rhyzopertha dominica (f.) at three temperature levels (20, 25, and 30 degrees c) and four commodities (wheat, triticum aestivum l.; barley, hordeum vulgare l.; rice, oryza sativa l.; and maize, zea mays l.). for this purpose, quantities of the above-mentioned grains were treated with spinosad at two dose rates (20 and 50 ppm of the formulation, corresp ... | 2008 | 18613602 |
| immediate and delayed mortality of rhyzopertha dominica (coleoptera: bostrichidae) and sitophilus oryzae (coleoptera: curculionidae) adults exposed to spinosad-treated commodities. | a series of tests was conducted to characterize differences in the mortality of the lesser grain borer, rhyzopertha dominica (f.) (coleoptera: bostrichidae), and rice weevil, sitophilus oryzae (l.) (coleoptera: curculionidae), exposed to three commodities treated with a liquid and dry spinosad formulation. in laboratory bioassays, adults of the two insect species were exposed to untreated wheat, triticum aestivum l., corn, zea mays l., and sorghum, sorghum bicolor (l.) moench., and to commoditie ... | 2008 | 18613608 |
| [new data on the distribution of hybrid necrosis genes in winter bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars]. | hybrid necrosis genotypes have been identified in 125 russian cultivars of winter bread wheat. more than half of them (56%) carry the ne2 gene (genotype ne1ne1ne2ne2); others are free of necrosis genes (genotype ne1ne1ne2ne2). the possible causes of the increase in the ne2 allele frequency and the loss of the ne1ne1ne2ne2 genotype in modem russian cultivars of winter wheat are discussed. the principal component method has been used to compare the structures of the genetic diversity of cultivars ... | 2008 | 18619039 |
| simulating the influence of vernalization, photoperiod and optimum temperature on wheat developmental rates. | accurately representing development is essential for applying crop simulations to investigate the effects of climate, genotypes or crop management. development in wheat (triticum aestivum, t. durum) is primarily driven by temperature, but affected by vernalization and photoperiod, and is often simulated by reducing thermal-time accumulation using vernalization or photoperiod factors or limiting accumulation when a lower optimum temperature (t(optl)) is exceeded. in this study t(optl) and methods ... | 2008 | 18628262 |
| molecular mapping of leaf rust resistance gene lrzh84 in chinese wheat line zhou 8425b. | leaf rust, caused by puccinia triticina, is one of the most widespread diseases in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) worldwide. with the objective of identifying and mapping new genes for resistance to leaf rust, f(1), f(2) plants and f(3) lines from a cross between resistant line zhou 8425b and susceptible line chinese spring were inoculated with chinese p. triticina races thtt and mbhp in the greenhouse. a total of 793 pairs of ssr primers were used to test the parents and resistant and susc ... | 2008 | 18651124 |
| models for the field-based toxicity of copper and zinc salts to wheat in 11 australian soils and comparison to laboratory-based models. | laboratory-based relationships that model the phytotoxicity of metals using soil properties have been developed. this paper presents the first field-based phytotoxicity relationships. wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was grown at 11 australian field sites at which soil was spiked with copper (cu) and zinc (zn) salts. toxicity was measured as inhibition of plant growth at 8 weeks and grain yield at harvest. the added cu and zn ec10 values for both endpoints ranged from approximately 3 to 4760 mg/kg. ... | 2008 | 18653265 |
| late foliar diseases in wheat crops decrease nitrogen yield through n uptake rather than through variations in n remobilization. | french wheat grains may be of little value on world markets because they have low and highly variable grain protein concentrations (gpc). this nitrogen-yield to yield ratio depends on crop nitrogen (n) fertilization as well as on crop capacity to use n, which is known to vary with climate and disease severity. here an examination is made of the respective roles that n remobilization and post-anthesis n uptake play in n yield variations; in particular, when wheat crops (triticum aestivum) are aff ... | 2008 | 18660494 |
| [effect of hydrogen peroxide on morphological characteristics and resistance of wheat calluses to the stinking smut fungus]. | we studied the effect of hydrogen peroxide on morphological characteristics and resistance of common wheat calluses (triticum aestivum l.) to tilletia caries till. the induction of the defense response and morphogenesis in calluses depended on h2o2 concentration. a correlation was revealed between the elevated concentration of hydrogen peroxide in wheat calluses and high activity of oxalate oxidase in the cell wall. administration of h2o2 into the callus culture medium was followed by rhizogenes ... | 2008 | 18663963 |
| [influence of the surface features and physiological reactions of non-host species on the development of cellular structures of rust fungi]. | parasitic rust fungi puccinia triticina and p. coronata specialized to cereals are not able to form functionally completed cellular structures (germ tubes and appressoria) on the surface of plant species that do not belong to poaceae. fungus structures are induced by the surface features of grains leaves (millet, maize, oat, common wheat) to a different extent. nuclear division and activity of parasites are partially suppressed on the non-host leaves. fungi intrusions into sub-stomal cavities of ... | 2008 | 18683590 |
| significant improvement of stress tolerance in tobacco plants by overexpressing a stress-responsive aldehyde dehydrogenase gene from maize (zea mays). | aldehyde dehydrogenases (aldhs) play a central role in detoxification processes of aldehydes generated in plants when exposed to the stressed conditions. in order to identify genes required for the stresses responses in the grass crop zea mays, an aldh (zmaldh22a1) gene was isolated and characterized. zmaldh22a1 belongs to the family aldh22 that is currently known only in plants. the zmaldh22a1 encodes a protein of 593 amino acids that shares high identity with the orthologs from saccharum offic ... | 2008 | 18688729 |
| immobilization and phytotoxicity of cd in contaminated soil amended with chicken manure compost. | the experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of compost application on the immobilization and biotoxicity of cd in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) potted soils. soils treated with various levels of cd (0-50 mg cd kg(-1) soil) were amended with 0, 30, 60 and 120 g compost kg(-1) soil. the fractions of cd in soil were evaluated by a sequential extraction procedure. compost application resulted in more than 70% lower soluble/exchangeable cd (kno(3)) but increased the concentration of org ... | 2009 | 18692313 |
| tolerance of hordeum marinum accessions to o2 deficiency, salinity and these stresses combined. | when root-zone o(2) deficiency occurs together with salinity, regulation of shoot ion concentrations is compromised even more than under salinity alone. tolerance was evaluated amongst 34 accessions of hordeum marinum, a wild species in the triticeae, to combined salinity and root-zone o(2) deficiency. interest in h. marinum arises from the potential to use it as a donor for abiotic stress tolerance into wheat. | 2009 | 18701600 |
| different mechanisms of adaptation to cyclic water stress in two south australian bread wheat cultivars. | in the south australian wheat belt, cyclic drought is a frequent event represented by intermittent periods of rainfall which can occur around anthesis and post-anthesis in wheat. three south australian bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars, excalibur, kukri, and rac875, were evaluated in one greenhouse and two growth-room experiments. in the first growth-room experiment, where plants were subjected to severe cyclic water-limiting conditions, rac875 and excalibur (drought-tolerant) showed ... | 2008 | 18703496 |
| transcriptome analysis of the wheat-puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici interaction. | stripe rust [caused by puccinia striiformis westend. f. sp. tritici eriks. (pst)] is a destructive disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) worldwide. genetic resistance is the preferred method for control and the yr5 gene, originally identified in triticum spelta var. album, represents a major resistance (r) gene that confers all-stage resistance to all currently known races of pst in the united states. to identify transcripts associated with the yr5-mediated incompatible interaction and the yr5 ... | 2008 | 18705849 |
| transcriptome analysis of high-temperature adult-plant resistance conditioned by yr39 during the wheat-puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici interaction. | stripe rust [caused by puccinia striiformis westend. f. sp. tritici eriks. (pst)] is a destructive disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) worldwide. high-temperature adult-plant (htap) resistance to stripe rust is race non-specific, inherited quantitatively and durable. previously, we identified and mapped the single yr39 htap stripe rust resistance gene in the spring wheat cultivar alpowa, which was identified on chromosome 7bl and accounted for 64.2% of the variation in resistance. to identif ... | 2008 | 18705862 |
| a genetic map constructed using a doubled haploid population derived from two elite chinese common wheat varieties. | genetic mapping provides a powerful tool for the analysis of quantitative trait loci (qtls) at the genomic level. herein, we report a new genetic linkage map developed from an f(1)-derived doubled haploid (dh) population of 168 lines, which was generated from the cross between two elite chinese common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties, huapei 3 and yumai 57. the map contained 305 loci, represented by 283 simple sequence repeat (ssr) and 22 expressed sequence tag (est)-ssr markers, which cov ... | 2008 | 18713343 |
| reproductive allocation patterns in different density populations of spring wheat. | the effects of increased intraspecific competition on size hierarchies (size inequality) and reproductive allocation were investigated in populations of the annual plant, spring wheat (triticum aestivum). a series of densities (100, 300, 1000, 3000 and 10,000 plants/m(2)) along a gradient of competition intensity were designed in this experiment. the results showed that average shoot biomass decreased with increased density. reproductive allocation was negatively correlated to gini coefficient ( ... | 2008 | 18713435 |
| the contribution of distant hybridization with decaploid agropyron elongatum to wheat improvement in china. | wheat is a staple food crop in the world as well as in china. because of the progress of wheat breeding and other agricultural scitechnologies, the wheat grain yield per unit area has increased more than five folds from 1952 to 2006 in china. the first part of this article briefly reviews the history of wheat breeding in china. second, the establishment of "triticum aestivum-agropyron" distant hybridization system and its contribution to wheat production and breeding in china are summarized. fin ... | 2008 | 18721781 |
| specific interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting bacteria: as revealed by different combinations. | the interactions between two plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr, pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25 and paenibacillus brasilensis pb177), two arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi (glomus mosseae and glomus intraradices) and one pathogenic fungus (microdochium nivale) were investigated on winter wheat (triticum aestivum cultivar tarso) in a greenhouse trial. pb177, but not sbw25, had strong inhibitory effects on m. nivale in dual culture plate assays. the results from the greenhouse experiment sh ... | 2008 | 18754788 |
| characterization of the taaidfa gene encoding a crt/dre-binding factor responsive to drought, high-salt, and cold stress in wheat. | dehydration responsive element-binding factors (dbfs) belong to the ap2/erf superfamily and play vital regulatory roles in abiotic stress responses in plants. in this study, we isolated three novel homologs of the dbf gene family in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by screening a drought-induced cdna library and designated them as taaidfs (t. aestivum abiotic stress-induced dbfs). compared to taaidfb and taaidfc, taaidfa lacks a short ser/thr-rich region, a putative phosphorylation site, following t ... | 2008 | 18800227 |
| pm23: a new allele of pm4 located on chromosome 2al in wheat. | powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is one of the major diseases of common wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. the powdery mildew resistance gene pm23, identified in the common wheat line 81-7241 and originally assigned to wheat chromosome 5a, was relocated on chromosome 2al with the aid of molecular markers. mapping of microsatellite markers in two wheat crosses segregating for pm23 and pm4b, respectively, in combination with the reported mapping of pm4a, indicated that ... | 2008 | 18818899 |
| colonization and nitrogenase activity of triticum aestivum (cv. baccross and mahdavi) to the dual inoculation with azospirillum brasilense and rhizobium meliloti plus 2,4-d. | the potential enhancement of root colonization and nitrogenase activity of wheat cultivars (baccross and mahdavi) was studied with application of two azospirillum brasilense strains (native and sp7) co-inoculated with two rhizobium meliloti strains (native and dsmz 30135). the results indicated that the colonization was different due to the strains and cultivars of wheat were used. native a. brasilense colonized wheat root better than sp7 strain. however, baccross cv. reacted better with native ... | 2008 | 18819640 |
| effects of tetrabromobisphenol a as an emerging pollutant on wheat (triticum aestivum) at biochemical levels. | biochemical responses of wheat (triticum aestivum) to the stress of tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa) as an emerging pollutant were examined. the results indicated that reduction of the chlorophyll (chl) content in wheat leaves could be observed. however, the changes in the chl content with the increasing tbbpa concentration from 50 to 5000 mg kg(-1) were insignificant (p>0.05). increased malondialdehyde levels were detected in wheat leaves after both 7-d and 12-d exposures. the changes in the activ ... | 2008 | 18835007 |
| [induction, regeneration, and biolistic sensitivity of different genotypes of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.)]. | the induction, regeneration, and biolistic sensitivities of different genotypes of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) have been determined in order to develop an efficient system for transformation of russian cultivars of spring wheat. short-term (two days) cold treatment (4 degrees c) has been demonstrated to distinctly increase the frequency of morphogenetic callus induction. the optimal phytohormonal composition of the nutrient medium ensuring an in vitro regeneration rate of the common whea ... | 2008 | 18846824 |
| increasing the physical markers of wheat chromosomes using ssrs as fish probes. | in plants the marker sequences used to identify chromosomes are mainly repetitive dna probes. simple sequence repeats (ssrs) are major components of many plant genomes and could be good markers for chromosome identification. in a previous work, we reported the physical distribution of 4 oligonucleotides, (ag)12, (cat)5, (aac)5, and (aag)5, on triticum aestivum l. chromosomes. the distinctive distribution pattern found suggested that ssr in situ hybridization is useful as a diagnostic tool in whe ... | 2008 | 18923532 |
| transgressive segregation, heritability, and number of genes controlling durable resistance to stripe rust in one chinese and two italian wheat cultivars. | abstract wheat (triticum aestivum) cvs. libellula (lb), san pastore (sp), and xian nong 4 (xn4) possess durable resistance to stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, and cv. ming xian 169 (mx169) is highly susceptible to the rust. inheritance of stripe rust resistance was studied by crossing the four cultivars and evaluating the resistance of parental, f(1), f(2), backcross, and f(3) plants in the fields. transgressive segregation for resistance was observed in the resistant ... | 2001 | 18942998 |
| quantitative trait loci mapping for adult-plant resistance to powdery mildew in bread wheat. | abstract powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is a major disease to wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. use of adult-plant resistance (apr) is an effective method to develop wheat cultivars with durable resistance to powdery mildew. in the present study, 432 molecular markers were used to map quantitative trait loci (qtl) for apr to powdery mildew in a doubled haploid (dh) population with 107 lines derived from the cross fukuho-komugi x oligoculm. field trials were conduc ... | 2006 | 18943153 |
| performance and mapping of leaf rust resistance transferred to wheat from triticum timopheevii subsp. armeniacum. | abstract host plant resistance is an economical and environmentally sound method of control of leaf rust caused by the fungus puccinia triticina, which is one of the most serious diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. wild relatives of wheat, including the tetraploid t. timopheevii subsp. armeniacum, represent an important source of genes for resistance to leaf rust. the objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate the performance of leaf rust resistance genes previously transferred t ... | 2003 | 18943158 |
| microsatellite markers for genes lr34/yr18 and other quantitative trait loci for leaf rust and stripe rust resistance in bread wheat. | abstract leaf rust and stripe rust, caused by puccinia triticina and p. striiformis, respectively, are important diseases of wheat in many countries. in this study we sought to identify molecular markers for adult plant resistance genes that could aid in incorporating such durable resistance into wheat. we used a doubled haploid population from a japanese cv. fukuho-komugi x israeli wheat oligoculm cross that had segregated for resistance to leaf rust and stripe rust in field trials. joint and/o ... | 2003 | 18943170 |
| quantitative trait loci for seedling and adult plant resistance to stagonospora nodorum in wheat. | stagonospora nodorum blotch (snb) caused by stagonospora nodorum is a severe disease of wheat (triticum aestivum) in many areas of the world. s. nodorum affects both seedling and adult plants causing necrosis of leaf and glume tissue, inhibiting photosynthetic capabilities, and reducing grain yield. the aims of this study were to evaluate disease response of 280 doubled haploid (dh) individuals derived from a cross between resistant (6hrwsn125) and susceptible (wawht2074) genotypes, compare quan ... | 2008 | 18943206 |
| specificity of incomplete resistance to mycosphaerella graminicola in wheat. | we examined interactions between wheat (triticum aestivum) and mycosphaerella graminicola, causal agent of septoria tritici blotch, to determine whether specific interactions occur between host and pathogen genotypes that could be involved in eroding resistance. the moderate resistance of the wheat cultivar madsen has eroded significantly in the willamette valley of oregon since its release in 1990. foote is a replacement cultivar expressing moderate resistance and was released in 2000. isolates ... | 2008 | 18943223 |
| quantitative trait loci for high-temperature adult-plant and slow-rusting resistance to puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in wheat cultivars. | stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most damaging diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum) globally. high-temperature adult-plant resistance (htapr) and slow-rusting have great potential for sustainable management of the disease. the wheat cultivars luke and aquileja have been previously reported to possess htapr and slow-rusting to stripe rust, respectively. aquileja displayed less number of stripes per unit leaf area than luke, while luke showed lower infecti ... | 2008 | 18943256 |
| simple sequence repeat diversity of a worldwide collection of puccinia triticina from durum wheat. | abstract isolates of puccinia triticina collected from durum wheat from argentina, chile, ethiopia, france, mexico, spain, and the united states were analyzed with 11 simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers in order to determine the genetic relationship among isolates. these isolates also were compared with p. triticina isolates from common wheat from north america, and an isolate collected from aegilops speltoides from israel, to determine genetic relationships among groups of p. triticina found o ... | 2007 | 18943576 |
| identification of a novel fusarium head blight resistance quantitative trait locus on chromosome 7a in tetraploid wheat. | abstract fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium graminearum is one of the most destructive diseases of durum (triticum turgidum sp. durum) and common wheat (t. aestivum). promising sources of fhb resistance have been identified among common (hexaploid) wheats, but the same is not true for durum (tetraploid) wheats. a previous study indicated that chromosome 7a from t. turgidum sp. dicoccoides accession pi478742 contributed significant levels of resistance to fhb. the objectives of this re ... | 2007 | 18943578 |
| virulence phenotypes of a worldwide collection of puccinia triticina from durum wheat. | abstract a total of 78 isolates of puccinia triticina from durum wheat from argentina, chile, ethiopia, france, mexico, spain and the united states and 10 representative isolates of p. triticina from common wheat from the united states were tested for virulence phenotypes on seedling plants of 35 near-isogenic lines of thatcher wheat. isolates with virulence on lines with leaf rust resistance genes lr10, lr14b, lr20, lr22a, lr23, lr33, lr34, lr41, and lr44 represented the most frequent phenotype ... | 2007 | 18943655 |
| resistance of wheat line kavkaz-k4500 l.6.a.4 to septoria tritici blotch controlled by isolate-specific resistance genes. | abstract the international maize and wheat improvement center (cimmyt), mexico, germplasm-derived wheat (triticum aestivum) kavkaz-k4500 l.6.a.4 (kk) is one of the major sources of resistance to septoria tritici blotch (stb). kk is resistant to stb in field conditions in the uk even though a large majority of mycosphaerella graminicola isolates are virulent to it. the genetics of the resistance of kk to four isolates of m. graminicola were investigated. kk has at least five isolate-specific resi ... | 2005 | 18943783 |
| tagging and validation of a major quantitative trait locus for leaf rust resistance and leaf tip necrosis in winter wheat cultivar forno. | abstract a major leaf rust (puccinia triticina) resistance quantitative trait locus (qtl) (qlrp.sfr-7ds) previously has been described on chromosome 7ds in the winter wheat (triticum aestivum) cv. forno. it was detected in a population of single-seed descent (ssd) lines derived from the cross arina x forno. qlrp.sfr-7ds conferred a durable and slow-rusting resistance phenotype, co-segregated with a qtl for leaf tip necrosis (ltn) and was mapped close to xgwm295 at a very similar location as the ... | 2004 | 18943790 |
| inhibition of blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici germination and partial enhancement of wheat defenses by milsana. | abstract the prophylactic efficiency of milsana against powdery mildew was evaluated on wheat (triticum aestivum). a single short spraying on 10-day-old plantlets reduced the infection level by 85% and two long sprayings led to the total restriction of the disease. although microscopic studies showed that milsana treatments enhance hydrogen peroxide accumulation at the fungal penetration site, biochemical analysis did not allow us to correlate this accumulation with the activation of several enz ... | 2006 | 18943966 |
| evidence for natural selection in the mitochondrial genome of mycosphaerella graminicola. | abstract pathogenicity assays were combined with restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) markers in the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes to compare mycosphaerella graminicola populations adapted to bread wheat (triticum aestivum) and durum wheat (t. turgidum) in the mediterranean basin. the majority of isolates had unique nuclear dna fingerprints and multilocus haplotypes. only six mitochondrial dna (mtdna) haplotypes were identified among 108 isolates assayed. there were minor differen ... | 2004 | 18943974 |
| forensic pathology of canadian bread wheat: the case of tan spot. | abstract pyrenophora tritici-repentis causes necrosis and chlorosis in its wheat host. susceptibility to races 2 (necrosis) and 5 (chlorosis) of the pathogen is known to be mediated by ptr toxa and ptr toxb, respectively. sensitivity to each toxin is controlled by a single dominant and independently inherited gene. we used sensitivity to ptr toxa and ptr toxb as two genetic markers to investigate the origin and the state of tan spot susceptibility in canadian western red spring (cwrs) wheat over ... | 2005 | 18943983 |
| genetic differentiation of puccinia triticina populations in central asia and the caucasus. | abstract isolates of puccinia triticina collected from common wheat in the central asia countries of kazakhstan, uzbekistan, tajikistan, and kyrgyzstan and the caucasus countries of azerbaijan, georgia, and armenia were tested for virulence to 20 isolines of thatcher wheat with different leaf rust resistance genes and molecular genotype at 23 simple sequence repeat (ssr) loci. after clone correction within each country, 99 isolates were analyzed for measures of population diversity, variation at ... | 2007 | 18944179 |
| aggressiveness of mycosphaerella graminicola isolates from susceptible and partially resistant wheat cultivars. | abstract the selective effect of quantitative host resistance on pathogen aggressiveness is poorly understood. because two previous experiments with a small number of bread wheat cultivars and isolates of mycosphaerella graminicola had indicated that more susceptible hosts selected for more aggressive isolates, we conducted a larger experiment to test that hypothesis. in each of 2 years, six cultivars differing in their levels of partial resistance were planted in field plots, and isolates were ... | 2002 | 18944259 |
| expression of thinopyrum intermedium-derived barley yellow dwarf virus resistance in elite bread wheat backgrounds. | abstract resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) is not found in wheat but is available in a thinopyrum intermedium translocation (ti) carried on chromosome 7dl of bread wheat recombinant lines. we used one of those lines (tc14/2*spear) to introgress the ti into bread wheat cultivars and to determine the influence of wheat backgrounds, with and without known tolerance to bydv, on the expression of resistance. two single and three backcross populations, segregating for the presence of the ... | 2001 | 18944278 |
| genetic analysis of resistance to pyrenophora tritici-repentis races 1 and 5 in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat. | tan spot of wheat, caused by the fungus pyrenophora tritici-repentis, is a destructive disease worldwide that can lead to serious losses in quality and quantity of wheat grain production. resistance to multiple races of p. tritici-repentis was identified in a wide range of genetically diverse genotypes, including three different species triticum aestivum (aabbdd), t. spelta (aabbdd), and t. turgidum (aabb). the major objectives of this study were to determine the genetic control of resistance to ... | 2008 | 18944295 |
| distribution of pathotypes with regard to host cultivars in french wheat leaf rust populations. | abstract isolates of wheat leaf rust collected from durum and bread wheat cultivars in france during 1999-2002 were analyzed for virulence on 18 thatcher lines with single genes for leaf rust resistance (lr genes). sampling focused on the five most widely grown bread wheat cultivars (two susceptible and three resistant) to allow statistical comparison of diversity indexes between the cultivars. leaf rust populations from durum and bread wheats were different. the diversity of the bread wheat lea ... | 2006 | 18944441 |
| genetic analysis of sensitivity to a pyrenophora tritici-repentis necrosis-inducing toxin in durum and common wheat. | abstract the fungus pyrenophora tritici-repentis produces a toxin (ptr toxa) that causes rapid cell necrosis in sensitive wheat genotypes. a single recessive gene (tsn1) on chromosome 5bl in common wheat confers insensitivity to this toxin. our objectives were to analyze the allelic relationships of genotypes that have shown insensitivity to a p. tritici-repentis necrosis-inducing toxin, map the gene for insensitivity to the necrosis-inducing factor produced by p. tritici-repentis in a durum whe ... | 1999 | 18944773 |
| a major gene for powdery mildew resistance transferred to common wheat from wild einkorn wheat. | abstract a major gene for resistance to wheat powdery mildew (blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici = erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici) has been successfully transferred into hexaploid common wheat (triticum aestivum, 2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd) from wild einkorn wheat (triticum monococcum subsp. aegilopoides, 2n = 2x = 14, aa). nc96bgta5 is a germ plasm line with the pedigree saluda x 3/pi427662. the response patterns for powdery mildew resistance in nc96bgta5 were tested with 30 differential isolates of ... | 1998 | 18944983 |
| xanthomonas translucens from small grains: diversity and phytopathological relevance. | abstract sixty-eight presumptive xanthomonas translucens strains isolated from 15 small grains or grass species were studied by pathogenicity tests on barley, bread wheat, oat, and bromegrass species, and also by aflp, analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (fame), and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of protein extracts. the x. translucens strains were divided into three pathogenicity types based on differences observed on barley and bread wheat. two unspeciated strains p ... | 1997 | 18945007 |
| mapping a stripe rust resistance gene yrc591 in wheat variety c591 with ssr and aflp markers. | stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis westend. f. sp. tritici (pst), is one of the most destructive diseases of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). to determine inheritance of stripe rust resistance and map the resistance gene(s) in wheat variety c591, f(1), f(2,) and f(3) progenies derived from the taichung 29 x c591 cross were inoculated with chinese pst race cy32 in the greenhouse. genetic analysis identified a single dominant gene, temporarily designated yrc591. a total of 178 ssr and ... | 2009 | 18946654 |
| [the generation of h2o2 in wheat hypersensitive reaction induced by leaf rust fungus]. | h2o2 burst in the defense responses of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) infected with compatible and incompatible leaf rust fungus races (puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici) was investigated firstly. cytofluorimetric analysis using the fluorescent probe dcfhda scrutinized the generation of h2o2 in wheat primary leaves. the results indicated that h2o2 burst could be induced by either compatible or incompatible leaf rust fungus. however, the kinetics of h2o2 burst in incompatible interaction were biphas ... | 2008 | 18958998 |
| fusarium sinensis sp. nov., a new species from wheat in china. | two strains of fusarium sinensis sp. nov. were isolated from the seeds and roots of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in shandong province, china. they are superficially similar to f. dlaminii in producing fusiform-to-reniform and napiform microconidia and chlamydospores in almost the same size range as f. dlaminii. however the colonies and chlamydospores of f. sinensis resemble those of species in sections roseum, gibbosum and discolor. phylogenetic analysis of partial translation elongation factor ... | 2008 | 18959160 |
| diurnal photosynthesis, water use efficiency and light use efficiency of wheat under mediterranean field conditions. | photosynthesis and transpiration rates of wheat leaves (triticum aestivum l.) were measured at 30 min intervals under mediterranean field conditions, using photosynthesis monitor system (pm-48m). the dynamics of net photosynthetic rate (p(n)), transpiration rate (e(t)), water use efficiency (wue), light use efficiency (lue), stomatal conductance (g(s)), photosynthetically active radiation (par), air temperature (t), relative humidity (rh), and atmospheric co2 concentration (catm) were quantified ... | 2008 | 18972699 |
| independent evolution of functional pm3 resistance genes in wild tetraploid wheat and domesticated bread wheat. | the pm3 alleles of cultivated bread wheat confer gene for gene resistance to the powdery mildew fungus. they represent a particular case of plant disease resistance gene evolution, because of their recent origin and possible evolution after the formation of hexaploid wheat. the pm3 locus is conserved in tetraploid wheat, thereby allowing the comparative evolutionary study of the same resistance locus in a domesticated species and in one of its wild ancestors. we have identified 61 pm3 allelic se ... | 2009 | 18980638 |
| accumulation and translocation of toxic heavy metals in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) growing in agricultural soil of zhengzhou, china. | a field experiment was conducted to study the accumulation of toxic heavy metals by winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown in the agricultural soil in the suburb of zhengzhou city, china. the quantities of heavy metals (cd, cr, pb, as, hg) were determined in different parts of wheat plant. the content of five toxic metals was found significantly higher in roots than in the aerial parts of wheat (stems and leaves, and grains). additionally, wheat roots were enriched in cd, pb, and hg from the ... | 2009 | 18987775 |
| [screening hv-s/tpk from tac library of a triticum aestivum-haynaldia villosa translocation line]. | hv-s/tpk gene, a resistance related gene to powdery mildew, was cloned by using genechip, and its expression was upregulated after the inoculation of blumeria graminis to haynaldia villosa. using the specific primers of hv-s/tpk to screen a genomic tac (transformation-competent artificial chromosome) library of translocation line 6vs/6al, a positive tac was screened. a 5-kb fragment containing hv-s/tpk was subcloned and identified. this 5160-bp fragment (genbank accession no. eu153366) was deter ... | 2008 | 18998531 |
| a novel homeobox-like gene associated with reaction to stripe rust and powdery mildew in common wheat. | stripe rust and powdery mildew, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, respectively, are severe diseases in wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. in our study, differential amplification of a 201-bp cdna fragment was obtained in a cdna-amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis between near-isogenic lines yr10nil and avocet s, inoculated with p. striiformis f. sp. tritici race cyr29. a full-length cdna (1,357 bp) of a homeobox-like gene, ta ... | 2008 | 19000003 |
| blufensin1 negatively impacts basal defense in response to barley powdery mildew. | plants have evolved complex regulatory mechanisms to control the defense response against microbial attack. both temporal and spatial gene expression are tightly regulated in response to pathogen ingress, modulating both positive and negative control of defense. blufensin1 (bln1), a small peptide belonging to a novel family of proteins in barley (hordeum vulgare), is highly induced by attack from the obligate biotrophic fungus blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (bgh), casual agent of powdery mildew ... | 2009 | 19005086 |