| experimental studies on membrane permeability defects of drug-resistant bacteria. | multiply antibiotic-, lysozyme-and bacitracin-resistant, representative strains of staphylococci, escherichia coli, shigella dysenteriae and klebsiella pneumoniae were compared respectively with their parent cultures in respect of their membrane permeability as judged by fluorescence polarization spectroscopy, using a sensitive fluorescent probe. the cytoplasmic membrane of the drug-resistant mutants was found to be less fluid and permeable, compared to that from the sensitive wild types. the st ... | 1989 | 2807429 |
| purification of shiga toxin and shiga-like toxins i and ii by receptor analog affinity chromatography with immobilized p1 glycoprotein and production of cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies. | shiga toxin from shigella dysenteriae 60r was purified to homogeneity by a novel one-step receptor analog affinity chromatography method. the method was based on the binding affinity of shiga toxin for a specific disaccharide, gal alpha 1----4gal, which was also present in glycoproteins with p1 blood group seroreactivity produced in hydatid cysts from sheep infected with echinococcus granulosus. having shown that cyst fluid p1 glycoprotein bound shiga toxin on a solid phase, a p1 glycoprotein af ... | 1989 | 2807552 |
| sex- and age-related changes in catecholamine metabolism and release of rat adrenal gland. | to examine the possible existence of changes in the adrenal catecholaminergic activity during aging, we analyzed the adrenal content of catecholamines (ca) and the activities of selected enzymes involved in their metabolism as well as the basal and the k+-stimulated release of these ca in incubated adrenal tissue of aged (greater than 22 months) and young (2 months) rats of both sexes. adrenal contents of norepinephrine (ne) and epinephrine (e) of male rats were unaltered in aging, although aged ... | 1989 | 2812194 |
| sex- and age-related changes in catecholamine metabolism and release of rat adrenal gland. | to examine the possible existence of changes in the adrenal catecholaminergic activity during aging, we analyzed the adrenal content of catecholamines (ca) and the activities of selected enzymes involved in their metabolism as well as the basal and the k+-stimulated release of these ca in incubated adrenal tissue of aged (greater than 22 months) and young (2 months) rats of both sexes. adrenal contents of norepinephrine (ne) and epinephrine (e) of male rats were unaltered in aging, although aged ... | 1989 | 2812194 |
| the renal phosphate transport defect in normal mice parabiosed to x-linked hypophosphatemic mice persists after parathyroidectomy. | the x-linked hypophosphatemic (hyp) mouse is a model for human x-linked hypophosphatemia. surgical joining of normal to hyp mice by parabiosis results in the normal mice developing low renal retention of phosphate and hypophosphatemia. these results suggest a humoral component to the renal defect. to test whether this component could be parathyroid hormone, surgical parathyroidectomy (ptx) or sham surgery was performed in mice 3 weeks after parabiotic union (n greater than 20 per group). after a ... | 1989 | 2816501 |
| redistribution of nuclear ribonucleoprotein antigens during herpes simplex virus infection. | infection of human epidermoid carcinoma no. 2 cells with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) leads to a reorganization of antigens associated with both the small and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes (snrnp and hnrnp). the hnrnp core protein antigens remain associated with the host chromatin, which appears to collapse into internal aggregates and along the nuclear envelope. more striking is the formation of prominent clusters of snrnp antigens (both general and u1 snrnp specific) ... | 1987 | 2824525 |
| limb specific connections of the cat magnocellular red nucleus. | afferent and efferent connections of the limb specific divisions of the cat magnocellular red nucleus (rnm) were traced using the bidirectional transport of wheatgerm agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase complex (wga-hrp). injection sites within forelimb or hindlimb rnm regions were identified by microelectrode recording and confirmed by the position of labeled rubrospinal terminals. additional injections into structures that project to, or receive input from, rnm confirmed the somatotopic organiza ... | 1987 | 2826551 |
| cloning and sequencing of the genes for shiga toxin from shigella dysenteriae type 1. | the structural genes for shiga toxin, designated stx a and stx b, were cloned from shigella dysenteriae type 1 3818t, and a nucleotide sequence analysis was performed. both stx a and stx b were present on a single transcriptional unit, with stx a preceding stx b. the molecular weight calculated for the processed a subunit was 32,225, while the molecular weight of the processed b subunit was 7,691. comparison of the nucleotide sequences for shiga toxin and shiga-like toxin i (slt-i) from escheric ... | 1988 | 2830229 |
| transposon-induced alterations in the promoter region affect transcription of the chalcone synthase gene of antirrhinum majus. | four solid-colour revertants were isolated from the highly variegated niv-53::tam1 mutant, in which the transposable element tam1 is integrated in the promoter region of the chalcone synthase (chs) gene. dna sequence analysis revealed that in all four lines the tam1 element was deleted together with flanking nucleotides of the chs promoter. in one case the tata box of the chs gene was removed resulting in extremely low expression of the gene, and initiation of transcription occurring at a new po ... | 1988 | 2830468 |
| three distinct forms of type 2a protein phosphatase in human erythrocyte cytosol. | two type 2a protein phosphatases, phosphatases i (mr = 180,000) and iii (mr = 177,000), were purified to near homogeneity from human erythrocyte cytosol. phosphatase i was composed of alpha (34 kda), beta (63 kda), and delta (74 kda) subunits in a ratio of 1:1:1. phosphatase iii comprised alpha, beta, and gamma (53 kda) subunits in the same ratio. heparin-sepharose column chromatography converted most of phosphatase i and 20% of phosphatase iii into alpha 1 beta 1 which were indistinguishable fr ... | 1988 | 2831201 |
| two mutant alleles of the insulin receptor gene in a patient with extreme insulin resistance. | insulin receptor complementary dna has been cloned from an insulin-resistant patient with leprechaunism whose receptors exhibited multiple abnormalities in insulin binding. the patient is a compound heterozygote, having inherited two different mutant alleles of the insulin receptor gene. one allele contains a missense mutation encoding the substitution of glutamic acid for lysine at position 460 in the alpha subunit of the receptor. the second allele has a nonsense mutation causing premature cha ... | 1988 | 2834824 |
| two mutant alleles of the insulin receptor gene in a patient with extreme insulin resistance. | insulin receptor complementary dna has been cloned from an insulin-resistant patient with leprechaunism whose receptors exhibited multiple abnormalities in insulin binding. the patient is a compound heterozygote, having inherited two different mutant alleles of the insulin receptor gene. one allele contains a missense mutation encoding the substitution of glutamic acid for lysine at position 460 in the alpha subunit of the receptor. the second allele has a nonsense mutation causing premature cha ... | 1988 | 2834824 |
| dna probes for shiga-like toxins i and ii and for toxin-converting bacteriophages. | a set of dna probes has been developed to study the genes for shiga-like toxins (slt) and the bacteriophage from which these toxin genes were isolated. under stringent conditions of hybridization (80 to 90% homology), these probes detect strains containing (i) slt i-related genes, (ii) slt ii-related genes, (iii) phage sequences from the slt i-converting phage h19a/933j, and (iv) phage sequences from the slt ii-converting phage 933w. strain characterization by hybridization with the toxin gene p ... | 1988 | 2842369 |
| study of plasmid screening amongst pathogenic bacteria isolated in nigeria. | clinical isolates of neisseria gonorrhoeae, campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli, shigella dysenteriae, shigella boydii, yersinia spp. and salmonella spp. were screened for the presence of plasmids. approximately 80% of these strains harboured plasmids ranging in molecular weight from 1.0 to 45 x 10(6) daltons. | 1988 | 2845756 |
| effects of carbamylcholine on membrane potential and na-k pump activity of cultured rat skeletal myotubes. | 1. we measured changes in resting membrane potential (em) and na-k pump activity, assayed by ouabain-sensitive 86rb uptake, in response to carbamylcholine (cch) and its continued presence in single rat skeletal myotubes in culture. 2. cch caused immediate depolarization from control em (-80 to -85 mv) to near 0 followed by repolarization of varying degrees depending on the age of the culture and temperature of the recording medium; repolarization of em was most apparent by culture age 8-9 days i ... | 1988 | 2852060 |
| [effects of the long-acting analgesics 3-(beta-phenylethyl)-9 beta-methoxy-9 alpha-(m-hydroxyphenyl)-3-azabicycles [3,3,1]-nonane (p-7521) on opiate receptor binding in vitro]. | | 1988 | 2855686 |
| court of appeals rules dhss notice on family planning contrary to law. | in the december 1982 case of gillick v. west norfolk and wisbech aha, the british court of appeal acceded to mrs. victoria gillick's petition that no professional employed by the health authority be permitted to give contraceptive or abortion treatment to any of her children under the age of 16 without her prior knowledge and consent. the ruling held that a 1980 department of health and social security notice allowing treatment of minors without parental consent was contrary to law. the court ... | 1985 | 2856993 |
| nalidixic-acid-resistant shigella dysenteriae i. | | 1985 | 2858035 |
| effects of a high-sucrose diet on the development of enzyme-altered foci in chemical hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. | dietary factors can modify metabolic events involved in the initiation, promotion, or progression of tumors. to determine whether a high-sucrose diet has any effect on the development of enzyme-altered foci during the promotion step of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis in rats, 1-day-old sprague-dawley rats were given a single i.p. dose of diethylnitrosamine; controls received an equivalent i.p. volume of 0.9% nacl solution. at 21 days of age, the rats were weaned, segregated by sex, separated in gr ... | 1985 | 2859110 |
| effects of a high-sucrose diet on the development of enzyme-altered foci in chemical hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. | dietary factors can modify metabolic events involved in the initiation, promotion, or progression of tumors. to determine whether a high-sucrose diet has any effect on the development of enzyme-altered foci during the promotion step of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis in rats, 1-day-old sprague-dawley rats were given a single i.p. dose of diethylnitrosamine; controls received an equivalent i.p. volume of 0.9% nacl solution. at 21 days of age, the rats were weaned, segregated by sex, separated in gr ... | 1985 | 2859110 |
| epidemic shiga bacillary dysentery in rangoon, burma, 1984/85. | | 1985 | 2861376 |
| evidence against putrescine and polyamines as endogenous mediators of fever. | endogenous concentrations of putrescine, spermidine, spermine and related biosynthetic enzymes were not affected by the administration of bacterial endotoxin and the subsequent development of fever in rabbits. in addition, the febrile response to endotoxin was unaffected either by the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor, dl-alpha-difluoromethylornithine or by putrescine. these data indicate polyamines are not involved in the development of fever. | 1985 | 2862252 |
| multiresistant shigella infections in bangladesh. | | 1985 | 2863461 |
| immunocytochemical studies of somatostatin neurons in brain. | immunohistochemical studies with antisera to somatostatin have, in many instances, led the way to our present understanding of the peptidergic nervous system. somatostatin was among the first of the hypophysiotropic hormones shown to be contained in diverse neuronal circuits outside of the hypothalamus. for example, somatostatin is found within neurons ranging in location from the cerebral cortex to primary sensory neurons to enteric neurons within the gut wall. somatostatin was also the first n ... | 1985 | 2863929 |
| two distinct toxins active on vero cells from escherichia coli o157. | | 1985 | 2864594 |
| multiresistant shigella dysenteriae type 1. | | 1985 | 2865444 |
| transglutaminase and neuronal differentiation. | during mouse brain maturation cellular transglutaminase specific activity increases 2.5 fold from day 3 to adulthood. a more pronounced increase is seen during morphological differentiation of mouse neuroblastoma cells, where serum withdrawal induces neurite outgrowth concomitant with a 10 fold increase in transglutaminase specific activity. in contrast, non-dividing neuroblastoma cells lacking neurites show only a 1.5 fold increase in enzyme specific activity. transglutaminase activity does not ... | 1986 | 2870428 |
| transglutaminase and neuronal differentiation. | during mouse brain maturation cellular transglutaminase specific activity increases 2.5 fold from day 3 to adulthood. a more pronounced increase is seen during morphological differentiation of mouse neuroblastoma cells, where serum withdrawal induces neurite outgrowth concomitant with a 10 fold increase in transglutaminase specific activity. in contrast, non-dividing neuroblastoma cells lacking neurites show only a 1.5 fold increase in enzyme specific activity. transglutaminase activity does not ... | 1986 | 2870428 |
| integrating treatments in schizophrenia. | schizophrenia is a common and severe illness found throughout the world. onset is usually in adolescence and young adulthood, and many individuals have illness-related impairments for life. schizophrenia assaults the very essence of what is distinctly human. the personality is devastated, subjective experience and thought distorted, and the psychological building blocks of everyday life torn asunder. this article discusses diagnostic and conceptual considerations, pharmacotherapy, and interperso ... | 1986 | 2870478 |
| platelet aggregation caused by carybdea rastonii toxins (crtx-i, ii and iii) obtained from a jellyfish, carybdea rastonii. | the pharmacological mechanisms of platelet aggregation induced by highly toxic proteins (crtx-i, crtx-ii, and crtx-iii) obtained from tentacles of a jellyfish, carybdea rastonii, were investigated. when the partially purified toxin (pcrtx) and crtxs were added to the citrated platelet-rich plasma (prp), aggregation was produced in a concentration-dependent manner. the activity of crtxs was approximately 100 times more potent than pcrtx. the crtxs-induced aggregation was little affected by indome ... | 1986 | 2870502 |
| blood-finding strategy of a capillary-feeding sandfly, lutzomyia longipalpis. | salivary gland homogenates of adult female lutzomyia longipalpis inhibited platelet aggregation induced by adp and collagen. apyrase (atp diphosphohydrolase) activity was prominent, requiring ca2+ but not mg2+ and a ph optimum of 8.0. human as well as rabbit hosts developed a well delimited erythema, evident 2-3 min after initial probing and lasting for as long as 2 days. erythema, not accompanied by itching or swelling, developed in previously exposed hosts as well as in those not previously ex ... | 1986 | 2870860 |
| blood-finding strategy of a capillary-feeding sandfly, lutzomyia longipalpis. | salivary gland homogenates of adult female lutzomyia longipalpis inhibited platelet aggregation induced by adp and collagen. apyrase (atp diphosphohydrolase) activity was prominent, requiring ca2+ but not mg2+ and a ph optimum of 8.0. human as well as rabbit hosts developed a well delimited erythema, evident 2-3 min after initial probing and lasting for as long as 2 days. erythema, not accompanied by itching or swelling, developed in previously exposed hosts as well as in those not previously ex ... | 1986 | 2870860 |
| pharmacokinetics of t-2 toxin and its metabolite ht-2 toxin, after intravenous administration in dogs. | the pharmacokinetics of t-2 toxin and ht-2 toxin were investigated comparatively in five dogs, after iv administration of the toxins (0.4 mg/kg). t-2 toxin was very rapidly and almost completely biotransformed to ht-2 toxin (fm = 83.6 +/- 3.9%). the following mean pharmacokinetic parameters were determined in this study for t-2 toxin and ht-2 toxin, respectively: half-life 5.3 +/- 2.1 and 19.6 +/- 4.7 min, clearance 0.107 +/- 0.056 and 0.167 +/- 0.074 liters/min/kg, and volume of distribution 0. ... | 1986 | 2870902 |
| pharmacokinetics of t-2 toxin and its metabolite ht-2 toxin, after intravenous administration in dogs. | the pharmacokinetics of t-2 toxin and ht-2 toxin were investigated comparatively in five dogs, after iv administration of the toxins (0.4 mg/kg). t-2 toxin was very rapidly and almost completely biotransformed to ht-2 toxin (fm = 83.6 +/- 3.9%). the following mean pharmacokinetic parameters were determined in this study for t-2 toxin and ht-2 toxin, respectively: half-life 5.3 +/- 2.1 and 19.6 +/- 4.7 min, clearance 0.107 +/- 0.056 and 0.167 +/- 0.074 liters/min/kg, and volume of distribution 0. ... | 1986 | 2870902 |
| anxiolytic effects of progesterone are sexually dimorphic. | we evaluated the effects of progesterone administration to estrogen-primed rats on licking behavior during a lick suppression test. this test assesses the behavior of water-deprived rats to lick a drinking tube for water reinforcement that is paired to electric shock. chlordiazepoxide (a commonly used tranquilizer) is very effective in increasing licking during this test. normal females and neonatally castrated males displayed an increase in shock-punished responses in tests conducted after horm ... | 1986 | 2871472 |
| chronic treatment with iprindole reduces immobility of rats in the behavioural 'despair' test by activating dopaminergic mechanisms in the brain. | iprindole, 10 mg kg-1 i.p., once daily for 21 days, enhanced the metabolism of dopamine in the frontal cortex and striatum of rats with no effect in the nucleus accumbens 1 h after the last injection. noradrenaline metabolism in the brainstem and telencephalon was also increased in these conditions. no effect on dopamine or noradrenaline metabolism was seen 24 h after the last injection. the same repeated treatment schedule with iprindole markedly reduced the immobility of rats in the behavioura ... | 1986 | 2872301 |
| 5-(2-cyclohexylideneethyl)-5-ethyl barbituric acid (cheb): correlation of hypnotic and convulsant properties with alterations of synaptosomal 45ca2+ influx. | male icr mice (20-35 g) were given either 5-(2-cyclohexylideneethyl)-5-ethyl barbituric acid (cheb) alone (10-15 mg/kg i.p.) or cheb (25-75 mg/kg i.p.) after a 1 h pretreatment with phenobarbital (75 mg/kg i.p.). cheb alone (10 mg/kg) produced excitatory behavior but not convulsive seizures. higher doses (11-15 mg/kg) produced convulsive seizures resulting in death. pretreatment with phenobarbital prevented seizure activity. following phenobarbital pretreatment, cheb in doses of 50 and 75, but n ... | 1986 | 2875881 |
| stimulant action of ethanol on posttetanic potentiation of hindlimb monosynaptic reflexes. | | 1986 | 2876435 |
| non-haemagglutinating fimbriae of enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec). | two hundred and thirteen escherichia coli strains originating in 12 countries were included in the study. of these, 157 were classical enteropathogenic e. coli (epec) serotypes, 54 belonged to o138, o139 and o141 serogroups i.e. porcine edema disease strains and two strains were of serogroup o157 associated with haemorrhagic colitis. surface hydrophobicity was determined by the salt aggregation test (sat). haemagglutination was assayed against erythrocytes of six animal species with strains grow ... | 1986 | 2876564 |
| an n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor antagonist reduces bicuculline-induced depolarization shifts in neocortical explant cultures. | we investigated the actions of a specific n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) antagonist, 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (2-apv), on bicuculline-induced epileptogenesis in organotypic explant cultures from neonatal rat neocortex. explants were maintained in roller tubes for 3-5 weeks. the late, plateau phase of the intracellularly recorded paroxysmal depolarization shift was sensitive to both intracellularly injected hyperpolarizing currents and 2-apv, suggesting that this component is generated by a v ... | 1986 | 2877418 |
| media for isolating shigella. | | 1987 | 2881104 |
| comparison of the effects of fe2+ and cu2+ on prostaglandin synthesis in rabbit kidney medulla slices. | the effects of fe2+ and cu2+ on the generation of medullary prostaglandins e2 and f2 alpha have been compared. fe2+ markedly promoted the lipid peroxidation of rabbit kidney medulla slices. the lipid peroxidation induced by fe2+ inhibited both prostaglandin e2 and prostaglandin f2 alpha formation to a similar extent. while cu2+ produced only a small increase in lipid peroxidation, it had a powerful inhibitory effect on prostaglandin e2 formation. simultaneously, prostaglandin f2 alpha production ... | 1987 | 2883291 |
| plasmid-mediated resistance to nalidixic acid in shigella dysenteriae type 1. | in an epidemic of shigellosis in southern bangladesh the causal organism, shigella dysenteriae type 1, was resistant to nalidixic acid as well as to co-trimoxazole (trimethoprimsulphamethoxazole) and ampicillin. the genes coding for resistance to nalidixic acid, but not those coding for resistance to co-trimoxazole or ampicillin, are located on a conjugative 20 megadalton plasmid. this epidemic is of particular importance because of the resistance to nalidixic acid, an antibiotic to which shigel ... | 1987 | 2887725 |
| enhancement of contractile responses to partial alpha-adrenoceptor agonists during warming in rat aorta. | we examined the effects of warming on the contractile responses to full and partial alpha-adrenoceptor agonists in rat aorta. the contractions elicited by norepinephrine and methoxamine were not affected during warming (40 degrees c, 42 degrees c), whereas those induced by clonidine and st 587 were significantly enhanced. kcl-induced contractions of rat aorta were not affected by warming. the dissociation constants of clonidine and st 587 at 40 degrees c were not different from those at 37 degre ... | 1987 | 2895427 |
| clinical impact of drug resistance. | | 1988 | 2896697 |
| a selective inhibitor of camp-specific phosphodiesterase, ro 20-1724, has no effect on the quantal release of acetylcholine from the mouse phrenic nerve. | the indirect twitch response of the mouse isolated phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation, partially paralysed by tubocurarine, was restored only by about 10% by ro 20-1724 at 2 to 280 microm. the solvent vehicle, dimethylsulphoxide, also showed the same effect to a similar extent. intracellular recordings with glass microelectrodes revealed that ro 20-1724 (40 microm) affected neither the resting membrane potential, the amplitude and frequency of miniature endplate potentials nor the amplitude of ... | 1988 | 2897454 |
| dysentery due to multiresistant shiga bacillus in rural iran. | | 1988 | 2902359 |
| nalidixic-acid resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 in eastern india. | | 1988 | 2902361 |
| brain cellular injury and recovery--horizons for improving medical therapies in stroke and trauma. | an edited summary of an interdepartmental conference arranged by the department of medicine of the ucla school of medicine, los angeles. the director of conferences is william m. pardridge, md, professor of medicine. after ischemic and traumatic brain injury, many cells may be rendered dysfunctional but are not irreversibly damaged or disrupted. the brain tissue may become metabolically deranged, and neurons, while still alive, are paralyzed and cannot create an action potential or conduct an el ... | 1988 | 2902711 |
| improved sexual function in hemodialysis patients on recombinant erythropoietin: a possible role for prolactin. | as it was reported that correction of anemia in long-term hemodialysis patients by recombinant human erythropoietin (r-huepo) is associated with improved sexual function, we conducted the present study to further delineate the mechanism(s) by which this is brought about. serum prolactin, testosterone, and parathyroid hormone (pth) levels were followed during 4 months of r-huepo therapy. within 4 months of treatment with r-huepo, hematocrit values rose from 23.7 +/- 1.2 to 35.7 +/- 0.2% and hemog ... | 1989 | 2914405 |
| arthrodesis of metatarsophalangeal joints in a dog. | chronic osteomyelitis and septic arthritis involving the 3rd and 4th metatarsophalangeal joints were diagnosed in a doberman pinscher. arthrodesis of the 3rd and 4th metatarsophalangeal joints resulted in a subtle persistent gait abnormality, but limb function was preserved. arthrodesis of metatarsophalangeal joints is an alternative to amputation, especially when main weight-bearing digits are involved. | 1989 | 2914800 |
| the protective effect of thromboxane synthetase inhibition on renal function in systemic sepsis. | to study the role of thromboxane in systemic sepsis and renal failure, peritonitis was induced surgically in 22 sheep, leading to local and systemic sepsis. a selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, u63,557a (upjohn co, kalamazoo, mi) was given before surgery in five animals and 30 minutes after surgery in five animals. a typical picture of volume-loaded, normotensive, vasodilated septic shock developed in all animals. twenty four hours after induction of sepsis, the control group showed a m ... | 1989 | 2916566 |
| sensitivity of campylobacter pylori to colloidal bismuth subcitrate. | | 1989 | 2921366 |
| three potassium currents in mouse motor nerve terminals. | a study of the k conductance of the presynaptic membrane has been performed in the triangularis sterni muscle of the mouse. external currents generated in the presynaptic terminals upon invasion by action potentials have been recorded using microelectrodes inserted into the perineurium of preterminal nerve bundles. the voltage-dependent k current could be pharmacologically dissected into fast (ikf) and slow (iks) components. while both are sensitive to 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-dap), only ikf is ... | 1989 | 2928092 |
| nontraditional pedagogy for implementing human genetics education. | | 1989 | 2929601 |
| adp-ribosylatable content of elongation factor-2 changes during cell cycle of normal and cancerous human cells. | the amount of protein elongation factor ef-2 that can be inactivated by diphtheria toxin-mediated adp-ribosylation, a measure of its active content, decreases by 45% and 66% in g1-arrested normal human fibroblasts and in hela cells respectively. on restimulation of cells with fresh serum, the amounts of adp-ribosylatable ef-2 begin to increase within 4 h. whereas the level of active ef-2 returns to normal (exponential phase of growth) in 20 h in the case of fibroblasts, only 47% recovery was obs ... | 1989 | 2930555 |
| dose-related effects of synthetic human beta-endorphin and naloxone on fed gastrointestinal motility. | in humans, plasma beta-endorphin levels rise during application of acute stressful stimuli (vertigo, cold pain, and transcutaneous electrical stimulation) that induce gut motor disturbances. whereas it is possible that circulating beta-endorphin participates in the mediation of these central effects on gut motility, its role cannot be established solely on the basis of changes in plasma levels. therefore, we designed the present study to investigate 1) the dose-related effects of intravenous syn ... | 1986 | 2942039 |
| effect of b cell stimulatory factor-1 (interleukin 4) on fc epsilon and fc gamma receptor expression on murine b lymphocytes and b cell lines. | culture of murine splenic b cells with interleukin 4 (il-4) caused the up-regulation of the lymphocyte fc receptor for immunoglobulin e (ige) (fc epsilon r) over a similar dose range as required for ia up-regulation. however, the expression level of the fc receptor for immunoglobulin g (fc gamma r) did not increase, rather il-4 caused a slight but consistent decrease in the fc gamma r level on the b cells. fc epsilon r+ b hybridoma cells also responded to il-4 by exhibiting increased fc epsilon ... | 1987 | 2958544 |
| an outbreak of dysentery due to shigella dysenteriae type 1 in rangoon, burma. | | 1987 | 2963061 |
| [effect of nicotinic acid, nicotinamide and its combination with ziksorin and phenobarbital on the udp glucuronyl transferase activity of the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum in the rat]. | nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (100 mg/kg) increase the activity of the rat liver microsomal uridine diphosphate-glucuronyltransferase by 55 and 73.8%. administration of nicotinamide in combination with ziksorin or phenobarbital enhanced the enzyme-inducing effects of the latter. | 1988 | 2966073 |
| epidemiological aspects of plasmid profiles in shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains isolated from burma & india. | | 1987 | 2967798 |
| the relationships between oligomeric structure and function of band 3 protein from human erythrocyte membranes: present knowledge and suggestions for further experiments. | | 1988 | 2976450 |
| middle tumor antigen of polyomavirus transformation-defective mutant ng59 is associated with pp60c-src. | we have found that lysis of mouse embryo cells infected with the polyomavirus host range transformation-defective (hr-t) mutant ng59 under gentle conditions that avoid ionic detergents results in detectable ng59-encoded middle tumor antigen (mtag) associated with pp60c-src. this mtag-pp60c-src complex could be immunoprecipitated from ng59-infected cell lysates by either sera from animals bearing polyomavirus-induced tumors or by monoclonal antibodies directed against mtag. immune complex kinase ... | 1985 | 2981329 |
| serologic survey of rotavirus, norwalk agent and prototheca wickerhamii in wastewater workers. | analysis of paired sera from 48 wastewater workers and controls who reported gastrointestinal illness did not reveal any excess of seroconversions to norwalk agent or to rotavirus. inexperienced wastewater-exposed workers had higher levels of antibody to norwalk agent than did experienced and control workers and those with high and medium aerosol exposure had higher titres than those in the low aerosol category. analysis for prototheca antibody titres was essentially negative. | 1985 | 2981485 |
| immunologic characterization of herpes simplex virus type 2 antigens icp10 and icsp11/12. | infected cell protein 10 (icp10) or antigen 4 (ag4) and infected cell-specific protein 11/12 (icsp11/12) have been suggested as specific antigenic markers for cervical carcinoma. experiments were designed to determine whether icp10 and icsp11/12 are distinct antigens and to determine the cellular localization of icp10. results indicate that an apparent 160 kdalton (kda) protein analyzed by 8.5% polyacrylamide gels (= 144 kda protein analyzed by 7.0% polyacrylamide gels) was detected in hsv-2-inf ... | 1985 | 2988230 |
| induction of cellular dna synthesis by a simian virus 40 mutant defective in nuclear transport of t antigen. | the simian virus 40 (sv40) (ct)-3 mutant [sv40(ct)-3], which is defective in nuclear transport of t antigen, was utilized to determine whether cellular dna synthesis can be stimulated by sv40 in the absence of detectable nuclear t antigen. cellular dna synthesis was examined in the temperature-sensitive cell cycle mutants, bhk ts13 and bhk tsaf8, after microinjection of quiescent cells with plasmid dna containing cloned copies of wild-type sv40 or sv40(ct)-3. the efficiency of induction of cellu ... | 1985 | 2993869 |
| the biologic significance of the mixed lymphocyte kidney culture in humans. | the mixed lymphocyte kidney culture (mlkc) in humans has been studied in normal and abnormal clinical conditions. human renal cortical cells were extracted by collagenase treatment from the kidneys of "normal" heart-beating cadaver organ donors (n = 13), patients with end-stage renal disease (esrd) at pretransplant bilateral nephrectomy and splenectomy (n = 13), and from irreversibly rejected renal allografts at the time of graft nephrectomy (n = 5). proliferation of peripheral blood t lymphocyt ... | 1985 | 2996186 |
| elicitation of conspecific attack or defense in the male rat by intraventricular injection of a gaba agonist or antagonist. | the involvement of central gabaergic mechanisms in the control over offensive and defensive behaviours in the rat was studied using intracerebroventricular injections (5 microliter) of a gaba agonist (thip) or a gaba antagonist (bicuculline methiodide). intracerebroventricular injections of thip (1.25 and 2.5 micrograms) induced attacks and offensive sideways towards an untreated partner, in animals placed in a neutral area where no aggressive reactions occur in controls. social approach behavio ... | 1985 | 2999844 |
| elicitation of conspecific attack or defense in the male rat by intraventricular injection of a gaba agonist or antagonist. | the involvement of central gabaergic mechanisms in the control over offensive and defensive behaviours in the rat was studied using intracerebroventricular injections (5 microliter) of a gaba agonist (thip) or a gaba antagonist (bicuculline methiodide). intracerebroventricular injections of thip (1.25 and 2.5 micrograms) induced attacks and offensive sideways towards an untreated partner, in animals placed in a neutral area where no aggressive reactions occur in controls. social approach behavio ... | 1985 | 2999844 |
| repression of adenovirus early gene expression by coinfection with a temperature-sensitive mutant in the immediate-early gene of pseudorabies virus. | wild-type adenovirus was coinfected with a mutant temperature sensitive for the immediate-early gene of pseudorabies virus. at the nonpermissive temperature, this mutant, tsg, strongly inhibited the transcription of all adenovirus early genes, including e1a. this inhibition was not observed with wild-type pseudorabies virus coinfection or with tsg coinfection at the permissive temperature. the level of repression was dependent upon the ratio of tsg to adenovirus in the infection. the results sug ... | 1986 | 3001339 |
| synaptic transmission in the rabbit inferior mesenteric ganglion. | electrical properties, cholinergic neurotransmission and non-cholinergic neurotransmission in the rabbit inferior mesenteric ganglion (img) in vitro were examined with intracellular recording techniques. a single ganglionic neuron received an average of 42 nicotinic cholinergic synaptic inputs. an atropine-sensitive slow excitatory postsynaptic potential not followed by a non-cholinergic late slow excitatory postsynaptic potential (ls-epsp) was observed in 7% of the cells. in 63% of the cells a ... | 1985 | 3003179 |
| interaction of stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analogs u46619 and u44069 with human platelet membranes: coupling of receptors with high-affinity gtpase and adenylate cyclase. | it has been demonstrated using a membrane preparation of human platelets that stable analogs of pgh2, u46619 and u44069, control the activity of adenylate cyclase and a high-affinity hormone-sensitive gtpase. at 10(-8)-10(-6) m, the analogs inhibit the basal activity of adenylate cyclase by 20-25%. with a further rise in u46619 and u44069 concentrations up to 10(-5)-10(-4) m, the inhibition is abolished and adenylate cyclase activity is stimulated in a dose-dependent fashion. in the presence of ... | 1985 | 3003958 |
| [experimental basis for the use of collagenase preparations to prevent aging of the skin]. | | 1985 | 3004061 |
| near infrared optical monitoring of intact skeletal muscle during hypoxia and hemorrhagic hypotension in cats. | | 1985 | 3008518 |
| complete dissociation between the activation of phosphoinositide turnover and of nadph oxidase by formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine in human neutrophils depleted of ca2+ and primed by subthreshold doses of phorbol 12,myristate 13,acetate. | evidences have been provided by many laboratories that the activation of the nadph oxidase in neutrophils by formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fmlp) is strictly linked to a transduction pathway that involves the stimulation, via gtp binding protein, of the phosphoinositide turnover and the increase in [ca2+]i. the results presented in this paper demonstrate that fmlp can activate the nadph oxidase by triggering a transduction pathway completely independent of phosphoinositide turnover and c ... | 1986 | 3008746 |
| cloning and expression of the genes specifying shiga-like toxin production in escherichia coli h19. | some strains of escherichia coli produce a protein which is cytotoxic for vero cell and hela cell monolayers. this toxin is very similar to the toxin of shigella dysenteriae 1 and has been named verotoxin or e. coli shiga-like toxin. it has been shown that toxin conversion is due to a group of bacteriophages, one of which has been designated h-19b. in this study we report hybridization experiments showing that part of the h-19b genome is homologous to phage lambda. we have cloned a 1.7-kilobase ... | 1986 | 3009393 |
| studies on enterotoxin of shigella dysenteriae type 1. ii. systemic effects in rabbits of shigella dysenteriae 1 enterotoxin. | the enterotoxin of shigella dysenteriae type 1 is an acid and heat-labile protein. it induces a gut dilatory response and increases the levels of blood glucose, serum alkaline phosphatase and serum acid phosphatase in rabbits. | 1986 | 3019069 |
| the effects of furosemide on adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate, guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate and corticosterone production stimulated by adrenocorticotropin in monolayer cultured rat adrenal cells. | furosemide has been reported to have a suppressive effect on adh-, pth- and adrenaline-stimulated adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (camp) production, but the effect on adrenocorticotropin (acth) action has not yet been elucidated. in the present study, therefore, the effects of furosemide on camp and also on guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cgmp) and corticosterone, stimulated by acth in monolayer cultured rat adrenal cells, were investigated. the intra- and extracellular camp stimulate ... | 1986 | 3019648 |
| the effects of furosemide on adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate, guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate and corticosterone production stimulated by adrenocorticotropin in monolayer cultured rat adrenal cells. | furosemide has been reported to have a suppressive effect on adh-, pth- and adrenaline-stimulated adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (camp) production, but the effect on adrenocorticotropin (acth) action has not yet been elucidated. in the present study, therefore, the effects of furosemide on camp and also on guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cgmp) and corticosterone, stimulated by acth in monolayer cultured rat adrenal cells, were investigated. the intra- and extracellular camp stimulate ... | 1986 | 3019648 |
| substrate phosphoprotein availability regulates eclosion hormone sensitivity in an insect cns. | the final step in the moulting of all insects is ecdysis, the shedding of the cuticle of the previous instar, which is triggered in lepidoptera by the neurosecretory peptide eclosion hormone. this hormone acts directly on the nervous system to release the appropriate motor patterns for larval, pupal and adult ecdysis, but there are only brief periods near the end of each moult when the nervous system is competent to respond to the hormone. previous experiments have shown that the action of eclos ... | 1986 | 3020427 |
| substrate phosphoprotein availability regulates eclosion hormone sensitivity in an insect cns. | the final step in the moulting of all insects is ecdysis, the shedding of the cuticle of the previous instar, which is triggered in lepidoptera by the neurosecretory peptide eclosion hormone. this hormone acts directly on the nervous system to release the appropriate motor patterns for larval, pupal and adult ecdysis, but there are only brief periods near the end of each moult when the nervous system is competent to respond to the hormone. previous experiments have shown that the action of eclos ... | 1986 | 3020427 |
| differential effects of transforming growth factor type beta on the growth and function of adrenocortical cells in vitro. | transforming growth factor type beta (tgf-beta) suppresses basal as well as corticotropin (acth)-stimulated steroid formation by bovine adrenocortical cells in culture. the effect is dose dependent and is not accompanied by any change in adrenocortical cell growth. the minimum effective dose of tgf-beta is 4 x 10(-13) m (10 pg/ml), and maximal inhibition is observed at a concentration of 4 x 10(-11) m (1 ng/ml). a 16- to 20-hr incubation with tgf-beta is required to decrease steroidogenesis, and ... | 1986 | 3020557 |
| differential effects of transforming growth factor type beta on the growth and function of adrenocortical cells in vitro. | transforming growth factor type beta (tgf-beta) suppresses basal as well as corticotropin (acth)-stimulated steroid formation by bovine adrenocortical cells in culture. the effect is dose dependent and is not accompanied by any change in adrenocortical cell growth. the minimum effective dose of tgf-beta is 4 x 10(-13) m (10 pg/ml), and maximal inhibition is observed at a concentration of 4 x 10(-11) m (1 ng/ml). a 16- to 20-hr incubation with tgf-beta is required to decrease steroidogenesis, and ... | 1986 | 3020557 |
| evidence that stimulation of growth hormone release by epinephrine and vasoactive intestinal peptide is based on cell-to-cell communication in the pituitary. | epinephrine (epi) evoked a strong concentration-dependent (1-1000 nm) rise of gh release from perifused rat anterior pituitary cells cultured as aggregates in a serum-free defined culture medium. dexamethasone (dex), added to the culture medium, enhanced the secretory response to epi. aggregates of pituitary cells separated by gradient sedimentation at unit gravity widely differed in responsiveness to epi, provided dex was added to the culture medium. the poorest response was seen in aggregates ... | 1987 | 3023029 |
| evidence that stimulation of growth hormone release by epinephrine and vasoactive intestinal peptide is based on cell-to-cell communication in the pituitary. | epinephrine (epi) evoked a strong concentration-dependent (1-1000 nm) rise of gh release from perifused rat anterior pituitary cells cultured as aggregates in a serum-free defined culture medium. dexamethasone (dex), added to the culture medium, enhanced the secretory response to epi. aggregates of pituitary cells separated by gradient sedimentation at unit gravity widely differed in responsiveness to epi, provided dex was added to the culture medium. the poorest response was seen in aggregates ... | 1987 | 3023029 |
| total iridectomy does not alter outflow facility responses to cyclic amp in cynomolgus monkeys. | total outflow facility was measured by two-level constant pressure anterior chamber perfusion in surgically untouched and totally iridectomized cynomolgus monkey eyes receiving bolus intracameral infusions of cyclic amp, dibutyryl cyclic amp, or 5'amp. cyclic amp doses of 50 and 100 micrograms (corresponding to initial intracameral concentrations of 1.5- and 3 mm) increased facility by approximately 20 and 40% respectively in both surgically untouched and aniridic eyes. higher doses produced no ... | 1986 | 3023122 |
| relative activities of 5'-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase in atrial and ventricular myocardium--the enzyme paradox. | the 5'-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase activities were determined for tissue extracts of up to 10 defined regions of the normal dog heart. the specific activity of 5'-nucleotidase was very significantly higher in atrial than in ventricular myocardium (4 x) and was also higher in right than in left sites of the heart (2 x). the reason for the markedly higher specific activity in atrial muscle is not clear and appears paradoxical relative to adenine nucleotide content and pattern of atp decay ... | 1986 | 3025011 |
| diacylglycerol lipase and kinase activities in rabbit aorta and coronary microvessels. | diacylglycerol lipase and kinase activities were measured in particulate and soluble fractions from rabbit aorta (intima-media) and coronary microvessels. with rabbit aorta, the hydrolysis at the sn-1 position of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol had a ph optimum of 5-6 and was greater than hydrolysis at the sn-2 position (ph optimum of 6.5). only the 2-monoacylglycerol accumulated during incubations at ph 5 and 6.5. these results are consistent with an ordered two-step reaction sequence where th ... | 1986 | 3026422 |
| diacylglycerol lipase and kinase activities in rabbit aorta and coronary microvessels. | diacylglycerol lipase and kinase activities were measured in particulate and soluble fractions from rabbit aorta (intima-media) and coronary microvessels. with rabbit aorta, the hydrolysis at the sn-1 position of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol had a ph optimum of 5-6 and was greater than hydrolysis at the sn-2 position (ph optimum of 6.5). only the 2-monoacylglycerol accumulated during incubations at ph 5 and 6.5. these results are consistent with an ordered two-step reaction sequence where th ... | 1986 | 3026422 |
| molecular properties of f9 embryoglycan recognized by a unique antibody in sera from patients with germ cell tumors. | human antibody against an embryoglycan present on a mouse teratocarcinoma cell line f9 was found in sera from 16 of 29 patients with embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, immature teratoma, and choriocarcinoma of gonadal and extragonadal origins by farr assay. in contrast, none of the sera from patients (77 cases) with dysgerminoma, seminoma, germinoma, and mature teratoma or from patients (118 cases) with nongerm cell types of ovarian tumors contained this antibody. the antigenic embryoglycan wa ... | 1987 | 3032420 |
| detection of aspartate kinase in rat liver and its activation by ca++ and calmodulin. | the enzyme aspartate kinase (ec 2.7.2.4) has been detected in rat liver (animal tissue) for the first time. this enzyme, like the aspartate kinase from bacteria and plants is inhibited by lysine and threonine. further, the activity of the enzyme is stimulated over two fold by ca++ and calmodulin and inhibited by egta, a ca++ chelator and trifluoperazine, an anti-calmodulin compound. | 1987 | 3034280 |
| detection of aspartate kinase in rat liver and its activation by ca++ and calmodulin. | the enzyme aspartate kinase (ec 2.7.2.4) has been detected in rat liver (animal tissue) for the first time. this enzyme, like the aspartate kinase from bacteria and plants is inhibited by lysine and threonine. further, the activity of the enzyme is stimulated over two fold by ca++ and calmodulin and inhibited by egta, a ca++ chelator and trifluoperazine, an anti-calmodulin compound. | 1987 | 3034280 |
| detection of leishmania parasites by dna in situ hybridization with non-radioactive probes. | in situ hybridization techniques develop rapidly into diagnostic tools of considerable value for detection of viruses and bacteria. here we report the application of this technique for the detection of leishmania parasites. biotin-labelled total promastigote dna was hybridized to cultured leishmania parasites and to blood and impression smears of infected mice. in promastigotes kinetoplasts were strongly stained, nuclei somewhat more diffuse. in amastigotes both nuclear and kinetoplast dna hybri ... | 1987 | 3035535 |
| [expressing plasmid vectors on the basis of escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene fragments]. | with the use of synthetic dna fragments, a set of new plasmid vectors has been obtained. the vectors provided high level expression of peptides and small proteins in e. coli as fusions with fragments of beta-galactosidase of various length. these vectors were used to achieve expression of a synthetic gene for a functionally active fragment of bacteriorhodopsin. the yields of hybrid proteins consisting of beta-galactosidase and bacteriorhodopsin fragments were in the range of 5-30% from the total ... | 1987 | 3036168 |
| localization of stx, a determinant essential for high-level production of shiga toxin by shigella dysenteriae serotype 1, near pyrf and generation of stx transposon mutants. | hfr strains of shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 were constructed by transient integration of an rp4 plasmid derivative carrying transposon tn501 into the shigella chromosome through tn501-mediated cointegration. the hfr strains were mated with escherichia coli k-12 recipients carrying various auxotrophic markers, and e. coli recombinants which had received prototrophic shigella genes were selected. some of the e. coli transconjugants produced high levels of a cytotoxin which was neutralized by bo ... | 1987 | 3040592 |
| leads from the mmwr. shigella dysenteriae type 1 in tourists to cancun, mexico. | | 1988 | 3043025 |
| direct cytotoxic action of shiga toxin on human vascular endothelial cells. | to help explain a role of the shiga toxin family in hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome in humans, it has been hypothesized that these toxins cause direct damage to the vascular endothelium. we now report that shiga toxin purified from shigella dysenteriae 1 does indeed have a direct cytotoxic effect on vascular endothelial cells in cultures. human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvec) in confluent monolayers were reduced 50% by 10(-8) m shiga toxin after a lag period of 48 to 9 ... | 1988 | 3044997 |
| isolation of shiga toxin-resistant vero cells and their use for easy identification of the toxin. | shiga toxin-resistant vero cells were isolated by treatment of the cells with nitrosoguanidine. these mutant cells were not affected by shiga toxin at more than 1 microgram/ml, although the parent vero cells were sensitive to 25 pg of the toxin per ml. immunofluorescence studies showed that all the mutant cells had lost toxin-binding capacity. the cytotoxic activities of various bacterial cultures against the parent and mutant cells were compared. all samples from 10 strains of shigella dysenter ... | 1988 | 3045003 |
| cloning and sequencing of a shiga-like toxin type ii variant from escherichia coli strain responsible for edema disease of swine. | a shiga-like toxin type ii variant (slt-iiv) is produced by strains of escherichia coli responsible for edema disease of swine and is antigenically related to shiga-like toxin type ii (slt-ii) of enterohemorrhagic e. coli. however, slt-iiv is only active against vero cells, whereas slt-ii is active against both vero and hela cells. the structural genes for slt-iiv were cloned from e. coli s1191, and the nucleotide sequence was determined and compared with those of other members of the shiga toxi ... | 1988 | 3045088 |
| congo red binding and salt aggregation as indicators of virulence in shigella species. | smooth strains of shigella dysenteriae type 1, shigella flexneri, shigella boydii, and shigella sonnei which form pigmented colonies (pcr+) on congo red agar were virulent in the sereny test. smooth variants unable to bind congo red (pcr-) were avirulent. measurements of dye uptake from solution showed that s. dysenteriae type 1 bound the most dye, followed in order of uptake by s. flexneri, s. boydii, and s. sonnei. using the salt aggregation test (sat) to determine cell surface hydrophobicity, ... | 1988 | 3045151 |