| protection of cattle from bhv-1 infection by immunization with recombinant glycoprotein giv. | high levels of recombinant bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein iv were produced in baculovirus, adenovirus, vaccinia virus and escherichia coli expression systems. the different recombinant forms as well as authentic giv were injected intramuscularly into seronegative calves. with the exception of e. coli-produced giv, all forms of giv induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies both in the serum and in the nasal superficial mucosa. animals immunized with giv produced in insect or mamma ... | 1993 | 8381248 |
| a comparative evaluation of two sensitive serum neutralization tests for bovine herpesvirus-1 antibodies. | two sensitive serum neutralization (sn) tests for the detection of antibodies to bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) in bovine sera were evaluated. both sn tests used a 24 h incubation of test sera with 100 ccid50 of bhv-1 before the addition of susceptible cells. the tests differed in the presence (c test) or absence (d test) of complement and were compared with a standard 1 h incubation sn test and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). although the mean titer of the c test was twofold higher ... | 1993 | 8381701 |
| restriction maps of the dna of cervid herpesvirus 1 and cervid herpesvirus 2, two viruses related to bovine herpesvirus 1. | restriction maps of cervid herpesviruses 1 and 2 which are antigenetically related to bovine herpesvirus 1, were deduced from southern blot hybridization with hindiii restriction fragments of bhv-1 dna as probes. | 1993 | 8382040 |
| identification of different target glycoproteins for bovine herpes virus type 1-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes depending on the method of in vitro stimulation. | vaccinia virus recombinants expressing the three major bovine herpes virus-1 (bhv-1) glycoproteins gi, giii and giv were used to identify the major target antigens for bhv-1-specific ctl isolated from immune cattle. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) expanded in vitro in the presence of interleukin-2 (il-2) and lysed both giii- and giv-infected target cells. secondary in vitro stimulation of pbmc was also performed in the presence of either fixed bhv-1-infected autologous fibroblasts or u ... | 1993 | 8382189 |
| immediate-early transcription over covalently joined genome ends of bovine herpesvirus 1: the circ gene. | herpesvirus genomes are linear molecules in virions. prior to replication in host cells, they form circular templates by unknown mechanisms. examining lytic infection with bovine herpesvirus 1, we observed immediate-early transcription over joined genome ends, which suggested that circles are present at the initial stage of infection. among the transcripts was a spliced immediate-early rna (1.5 kb) sharing exon 1 with previously described major immediate-early transcripts from the right genome e ... | 1993 | 8382298 |
| a subclinical infection of bulls with bovine herpesvirus type 1 at an artificial insemination centre. | a subclinical bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv1) infection affected bulls at an artificial insemination centre for at least six months. the virus was detected in semen samples from 43 out of 116 bulls examined; 27 of them shed virus during one consecutive period of up to 10 days and 16 shed the virus intermittently. the virus titres ranged between 10 and 100,000 tcid50/ml. vaccinated bulls tended to excrete the virus less frequently than unvaccinated bulls. approximately 50 per cent of the bulls t ... | 1993 | 8382889 |
| analysis of bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein giv truncations and deletions expressed by recombinant vaccinia viruses. | glycoprotein giv is an envelope component of bovine herpesvirus type 1 and appears to be involved in attachment, penetration, and cell fusion. four antigenic domains which include both continuous and discontinuous epitopes have been previously defined by competition binding assays using giv-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs). here we describe the construction of c-terminal truncations and internal deletions in the giv-encoding gene and analyses of the effects of these mutations on the synthes ... | 1993 | 8383232 |
| restriction endonuclease analysis of herpesviruses isolated from two peninsular bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis cremnobates). | in 1989, herpesviruses were isolated from nasal swabs taken from two peninsular bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis cremnobates) in the anza-borrego desert state park, san diego county, california (usa). using restriction endonuclease analysis (rea) with pst1 enzyme, each isolate was found to be similar to the cooper strain of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv). the rea patterns of the two herpesviruses from bighorn sheep were typical of either field strains or vaccine strains of ibrv com ... | 1993 | 8383254 |
| comparison of immediate-early transcripts among bovine herpesvirus type 1 and type 5 strains differing in neurovirulent potential. | northern (rna) blot analysis was used to compare immediate-early (ie) transcripts among strains of bovine herpesvirus type 1 and type 5 differing in neurovirulent potential. results obtained from the neurovirulent strain n569 were compared to those from two non-neurovirulent strains, jura and k22. strain n569 expressed three major ie transcripts with similar size and transcription pattern as previously reported for strain jura and k22 (wirth et al., 1989, 1991, 1992), except for some differences ... | 1993 | 8383391 |
| an intradermal test for the diagnosis of bhv-1 infection. the effect of repeated testing on the immune status of cattle. | the effect of the repeated delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) testing (an intradermal test--id) on virus neutralizing (vn) antibody and dth responses has been studied. repeated intradermal injection of inactivated bhv-1 antigen elicited neither the virus neutralizing antibody nor positive skin reaction in cattle free from bhv-1 infection. on the other, hand, the same manipulation carried out in a herd infected with bhv-1 provoked seroconversion and/or positive dth reaction in some of the animal ... | 1993 | 8384397 |
| the effect of (s)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonyl-methoxypropyl)cytosine (hpmpc) on bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) infection and reactivation in cattle. | a reproducible pattern of respiratory disease was produced in calves inoculated intranasally with a pathogenic strain of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1). a latent infection was established which could be reactivated by means of corticosteroid administration. groups of calves were given a single dose of 20 mg/kg of (s)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonyl-methoxypropyl)cytosine (hpmpc) either the day before or the day following virus inoculation. the drug markedly reduced clinical signs and virus replication; ... | 1993 | 8384432 |
| hemadsorptive activity of transfected cos-7 cells expressing bhv-1 glycoprotein giii. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein giii plays an important role in virus adsorption. the sr alpha promoter expression vector containing bhv-1 giii gene was transfected into cos-7 cells. fluorescent antibody staining using a panel of monoclonal antibodies demonstrated antigenic authenticity with regard to at least three nonoverlapping neutralization sites as well as surface expression of the glycoprotein. c57bl mouse erythrocytes were found to absorb onto the giii-expressing cells. the hem ... | 1993 | 8384743 |
| resistance and susceptibility of bovine cells expressing herpesviral glycoprotein d homologs to herpesviral infections. | bovine cell lines individually expressing two related herpesviral proteins, pseudorabies virus glycoprotein 50 and herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein d, were examined for their susceptibility/resistance to infection with several alphaherpesviruses. cell lines expressing gp50 or gd-1 resisted plaque formation by the homologous virus more than by the heterologous viruses. bovine cells expressing bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein iv (giv) were susceptible to infection with three other bovine ... | 1993 | 8386880 |
| isolation and characterization of encephalitic bovine herpesvirus type 1 isolates from cattle in north america. | nine cns bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) isolates, recovered from bovine brain samples submitted to the texas veterinary medical diagnostic laboratories from 1974-1989, were compared by analyzing their dna restriction endonuclease (re) fragment migration pattern. seven had pattern similar to that of the respiratory bhv-1 cooper strain. the remaining 2 isolates, however, had variant patterns, similar to that of each other, but completely different from patients for the other 7. the re patterns ... | 1993 | 8387250 |
| detection of the bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) genome by pcr. | the amplification of the 468 bp fragment of the bhv-1 genome by pcr is described. the 22 bp oligomers from the bhv-1 gi gene were used as primers. for successful amplification the thermal denaturation (100 degrees c/8 min, ice) of the dna sample was carried out prior to the cycling (95 degrees c for 1 min, 56 degrees c for 1 min, 73 degrees c for 1 min). the presence of glycerol markedly enhances the pcr. | 1993 | 8388400 |
| risk of infection with bovine herpes virus 1 (bhv1): a review. | bovine herpes virus 1 (bhv1) consists of three subtypes, which probably differ in their epizootiological characteristics. bhv1 subtypes 1 and 2a are mainly associated with the respiratory form of the disease (ibr), subtype 2b with ipv/ibp, and subtype 3 with encephalitis. bhv1 subtype 1 is excreted in high titres in nasal secretions and spreads more effectively than the other subtypes. cattle are the only significant source of viral spread. although other species may become infected, they probab ... | 1993 | 8388593 |
| glycoproteins giii and gp50 play dominant roles in the biphasic attachment of pseudorabies virus. | virus infections are initiated by adsorption of virions to target cells. this step is mediated by viral attachment proteins that interact with specific cellular receptors. it has previously been shown that the alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (prv) attaches to cells by way of a process that involves the viral envelope glycoprotein giii (gc) and a heparin-like cellular surface moiety (t. c. mettenleiter, l. zsak, f. zuckermann, n. sugg, h. kern, and t. ben-porat (1990) j. virol. 64, 278-286). ... | 1993 | 8389078 |
| effect of copper deficiency on tissue, blood characteristics, and immune function of calves challenged with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and pasteurella hemolytica. | fourteen holstein steers, averaging 30 d of age, were fed a semipurified diet (1.5 mg of cu/kg) supplemented with 0 (-cu) or 10 mg of cu/kg of diet (+cu) for 5 mo. calves were then challenged by consecutive exposure to aerosol preparations of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) and pasteurella hemolytica on d 0 and 7, respectively, of the 30-d study. serum ceruloplasmin and plasma copper were higher in +cu calves throughout the challenge period and increased in +cu calves after microb ... | 1993 | 8389346 |
| restriction enzyme analysis of bovine herpesvirus-1 dna from an indian isolate. | an indian isolate of bhv-1 was analyzed using several restriction endonucleases. the restriction pattern of bhv-1 dna with hindiii, bamhi and ecori was found to be similar to other reported restriction endonuclease patterns for respiratory isolates of bhv-1. thus, this isolate could be grouped under bhv-1.1 (respiratory form of bhv-1). few restriction endonucleases yielded distinct restriction profile of bhv-1 dna. the total molecular size of bhv-1 dna for the isolate studied was also estimated ... | 1993 | 8389633 |
| characterization of the myristylated polypeptide encoded by the ul1 gene that is conserved in the genome of defective interfering particles of equine herpesvirus 1. | equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1, kentucky a strain) preparations enriched for defective interfering particles (dips) can readily establish persistent infection. the ul1 gene, which is conserved in the genome of dips that mediate persistent infection, maps between nucleotides 1418 and 2192 (258 amino acids) from the l (long) terminus. ul1 has no homology with any known gene encoded by herpes simplex virus type 1 but has limited homology to open reading frame 2 of varicella-zoster virus and the "circ" ... | 1993 | 8389920 |
| [detection of bovine herpesvirus-1 using the dot-blot hybridization method]. | with the development of molecular biology in the 1980s methods of microorganism detection start to innovate. one of the main advantages of the molecular-genetic methods, namely hybridization of nucleic acids and pcr methods, is the detection of genome of microorganism without the need for cellular cultivation. to detect bhv-1 (etiological agens ibr-ipv) the dot-blot hybridization method on nitrocellulose filters was used together with different types of dna probes (two-fiber recombinant plasmids ... | 1993 | 8390122 |
| species selective interaction of alphaherpesvirinae with the "unspecific" immune system of the host. | during evolution herpesviridae have developed glycoproteins, which interact with essential components of the immune system. besides immunoglobulin-binding proteins (= fc-receptors), expressed by several members of the herpesfamily, the interaction with the complement system plays a role in the pathogenicity of herpes simplex virus. here we report that the ability to interact with the third complement component (c3), the central mediator of complement activation, was also found among several anim ... | 1993 | 8390825 |
| identification and deletion mutagenesis of the bovine herpesvirus 1 dutpase gene and a gene homologous to herpes simplex virus ul49.5. | the gene encoding bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv 1) deoxyuridine triphosphatase (dutpase) was isolated by a pcr procedure using degenerate oligonucleotide primers whose sequences were based upon conserved motifs commonly present in dutpase genes. this gene was found to reside between 0.059 and 0.066 map units in the bhv 1 cooper strain. dna sequence analysis of this region revealed an open reading frame of 975 base pairs capable of encoding 325 amino acids. the deduced amino acid sequence of the open ... | 1993 | 8391186 |
| molecular characterization of south american bovine herpesvirus-1 isolates with monoclonal antibodies and sds-page. | antigenic patterns of bhv-1 isolates from argentina, chile and brazil were examined with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) generated with bhv-1.1 and bhv-1.3 strains. among the argentinian isolates, 7/8 neurological cases showed bhv-1.3 characteristics and 10/12 non-neurological cases from all countries exhibited bhv-1.1/2 pattern. all viral isolates from genital infections showed bhv-1.1/2 characteristics. chilean isolates exhibited bhv-1.1/2 pattern and one among 3 brazilian viruses was ... | 1993 | 8391743 |
| immunopotentiation of bovine respiratory disease virus vaccines by interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-2. | three experiments, using 85 crossbred beef calves, were conducted to evaluate the adjuvanticity of single, multiple, and combined doses of recombinant bovine il-1 beta (rboil-1 beta) and recombinant bovine il-2 (rboil-2), with a modified-live bovine herpesvirus-1/parainfluenza-3 (bhv-1/pi-3) virus vaccine and a killed bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus vaccine. cytokines were administered intramuscularly at vaccination but at different injection sites. all cytokine treatments increased non-major ... | 1993 | 8393601 |
| [bhv-1 intradermal test in cattle]. | investigations concerning an intradermal test for the diagnosis of bhv 1 infection were carried out in 221 cattle. in 16% of cases the result of the test was dependent on the time the test was read (48 or 72 h). fifteen per cent of the animals older than 9 months showed no reaction to the intradermal test though humoral antibodies against bhv 1 were detectable by elisa. intradermal injection of test antigen resulted in seroconversion in seronegative cattle. the antibodies remained detectable in ... | 1993 | 8394034 |
| comparative study on sixteen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of antibodies to bovine herpesvirus 1 in cattle. | sixteen commercial or non-commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) for bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1)-specific antibody detection in serum were compared using 41 bovine sera of well defined origin. all elisas were able to detect correctly most of the antibody negative sera (specificity > or = 92%). the ability, however, to detect specific antibodies varied considerably between elisas. sensitivity, estimated by testing 18 positive sera, ranged between 50% and 100%. sera with titers of ... | 1993 | 8395742 |
| diversity of the virulence for c57bl mice among bhv-1 strains. | virulence of bovid herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) for c57bl suckling mice was compared among respiratory, genital and attenuated vaccine strains. the 50% mouse lethal dose of the respiratory strain was approximately 1,000-fold lower than that of the vaccine strain. the genital strain showed intermediate virulence. the kinetic studies suggested that the respiratory strain appeared to multiply in the brain of the animals, and that the genital and vaccine strains were eradicated from the animals. | 1993 | 8399760 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of psti fragments of bovine herpesvirus-1 dna. | the dna from an indian isolate of bhv-1 was cleaved with the restriction enzyme psti and cloned into puc9 plasmid. two recombinant plasmids were then analyzed using restriction endonucleases psti, ecori, bamhi, smai, sali, hindiii, bgli, haeiii, xhoi, rsai and stui. on the basis of digested fragments of recombinant plasmids, two plasmids could be mapped for restriction enzymes sali, stui, smai and xhoi using single and double digestion. | 1993 | 8401302 |
| molecular cloning and restriction endonuclease analysis of 0.4 kb hin diii'o' fragment of bovine herpesvirus 1 dna. | bovine herpesvirus 1 dna has been isolated by sds lysis of the virus purified from potassium tartrate (10-50%) density gradient centrifugation. the quality and quantity of viral dna was checked by uv spectrophotometry and ethidium bromide stained agarose gel electrophoresis. the 0.4 kb hin diii'o' fragment of bhv-1 dna was selectively cloned into hin diii cut puc9 plasmid dna (2.665 kb). recombinants were screened by white/blue colonies as well as hin diii restriction enzyme analysis. on restric ... | 1993 | 8406544 |
| recent advances in bovine vaccine technology. | a description of new commercial and experimental vaccines for viral and bacterial diseases of cattle can be broadly divided into those used for both beef and dairy cows and those used predominantly in dairy cattle. for both types of cattle, newer and experimental vaccines are directed against several of the important viral (e.g., bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza type 3, and foot-and-mouth disease virus) and bacterial pathogens ( ... | 1993 | 8408872 |
| type-i interferon genotypes and severity of clinical disease in cattle inoculated with bovine herpesvirus 1. | genomic dna samples and health records from 98 unrelated, mixed-breed cattle inoculated with bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) were examined to determine the relationship between interferon (ifn) genotype and severity of clinical disease. cattle were retrospectively classified as moderately or severely affected on the basis of rectal temperature, feed intake, and weight gain after intranasal inoculation of bhv-1. southern blot analysis of 16 type-i ifn genes identified alleles at 3 ifn loci (ifnb1, i ... | 1993 | 8427475 |
| an evaluation of an intradermal test for the diagnosis of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) infection in cattle. | an intradermal (id) test (a delayed-type hypersensitivity test) was used for the diagnosis of bhv-1 infection in cattle. a threshold value for the test positive results was established based on the analysis of the agreement between the results of id test and those of virus neutralization (vn24) assay. linear regression analysis revealed no correlation between the intensity of the skin reaction (expressed as an increase in skin-fold thickness) and the vn24 antibody titre. the sensitivity and spec ... | 1993 | 8456567 |
| detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 in the semen of experimentally infected bulls by dot-blot hybridisation, polymerase chain reaction and virus isolation. | two 18-month-old bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1)-seronegative bulls were inoculated experimentally with bhv1 via their prepuces. semen collected at intervals was examined by optimised virus isolation, dot-blot hybridisation and the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for detection of bhv1, and the infection was monitored serologically by using a virus neutralisation test. antibodies were first detected 10 days after inoculation and were still present 40 days after inoculation. semen collected from four ... | 1995 | 8525113 |
| differences in the role of glycoprotein c of hsv-1 and hsv-2 in viral binding may contribute to serotype differences in cell tropism. | heparan sulfate serves as a receptor for several herpesviruses. for herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1), pseudorabies virus, and bovine herpesvirus 1, glycoprotein c homologues have been shown to mediate the binding to cell-surface heparan sulfate. it has been assumed that glycoprotein c of hsv-2 (gc-2) plays a similar role in hsv-2 entry, but this has not been established experimentally. we first determined, using heparin-affinity chromatography, that gc-2 is a heparin-binding glycoprotein. to exami ... | 1995 | 8525631 |
| virulence and genotype of a bovine herpesvirus 1 isolate from semen of a subclinically infected bull. | a bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) isolate from the semen of a subclinically infected bull was administered to cattle by various routes to assess its virulence. cattle that were artificially inseminated or inoculated intrapreputially did not develop clinical signs, but did transmit the virus to contact cattle. however, the isolate induced severe signs of rhinotracheitis and vulvovaginitis in cattle that were inoculated by the intravaginal, intranasal or intravenous routes, but did not infect the fet ... | 1995 | 8533214 |
| isotype-specific antibody responses to bovine herpesvirus 1 in sera and mucosal secretions of calves after experimental reinfection and after reactivation. | isotype-specific antibody responses to bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) were measured in sera, nasal, ocular and genital secretions of calves that were reinfected with bhv1 and 6 weeks later treated with corticosteroids to reactivate putative latent virus. after reinfection and after reactivation, no bhv1-specific igm antibody response was detected. the serum iga response was only transiently detectable after reinfection and again appeared rapidly after reactivation in most calves. most calves showed ... | 1995 | 8533302 |
| lymphocyte proliferative responses to recombinant bovine herpes virus type 1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein gd (giv) in immune cattle: identification of a t cell epitope. | the lymphocyte proliferative response to bhv-1 in immune cattle was compared to recombinant wild-type gd and truncated gd produced from recombinant vaccinia viruses. the response exhibited by recombinant proteins was comparable to the response induced by bhv-1 suggesting that gd is the major target structure for stimulation of bovine lymphocytes. analysis of the proliferative response using vaccinia virus vectors expressing various modified forms of gd identified a region between residues 165 an ... | 1995 | 8546801 |
| identification and characterization of the bovine herpesvirus 1 ul7 gene and gene product which are not essential for virus replication in cell culture. | the ul7 gene of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) strain schönböken was found at a position and in a context predicted from the gene order in the prototype alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus type 1. the gene and flanking regions were sequenced, the ul7 rna and protein were characterized, and 98.3% of the ul7 open reading frame was deleted from the viral genome without destroying productive virus replication. concomitant deletion of nine 3' codons from the bhv-1 ul6 orf and 77 amino acids from the ... | 1996 | 8551568 |
| characterization of the camel skin cell line dubca. | a skin fibroblast cell culture was established from a 2-month-old dromedary foetus. the cells were transformed by infection with sv40 and cloned in soft agar. the established cell line is now designated dubca cells (dubai camel) and has been in permanent culture for 95 passages. the cell culture was examined morphologically, chromosome preparations made and dna fingerprinting performed by hybridization with the oligonucleotide probe (gtg)5. sv40 large t antigen was detected by western blotting. ... | 1995 | 8556315 |
| persistence of bovine herpesvirus-1-specific antibodies in cattle after intranasal vaccination with a live virus vaccine. | to study the development and persistence of circulating antibodies directed against bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) induced by vaccination, approximately 80 per cent of the seronegative cows in four partly seronegative dairy herds were vaccinated once with a temperature-sensitive live virus vaccine. most (83 per cent) of the vaccinated animals developed antibodies to bhv-1 within two months after the vaccination. in the same period, 21 per cent of the unvaccinated control cattle also seroconverted, ... | 1995 | 8560685 |
| effects of perinatal vaccination on humoral and cellular immune responses in cows and young calves. | to examine the effects of perinatal vaccination on cellular and humoral responses in cows and on passive transfer of antibodies and cells to calves, and to assess the role of maternal antibodies in vaccination responses of neonatal calves. | 1996 | 8575972 |
| detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 in clinical samples by the polymerase chain reaction. | a pcr assay with primers selected from the gl gene and flanking a 468 bp dna fragment was tested on clinical samples. of 27 samples (nasal swabs, lung, lymph nodes, tracheal mucosa) collected from 16 different outbreaks in scotland, 18 were positive by pcr and 13 by virus isolation. some samples of isolated dna had to be diluted by a factor 50-100 to obtain a positive pcr result. pcr assay could detect the bhv-1 positive samples collected from different european regions, namely from slovakia, it ... | 1995 | 8582261 |
| cell-mediated and humoral immunity in bulls infected with ibr/ipv virus (bhv 1). | time-related changes in specific cell-mediated immunity (cmi) and in humoral immunity were monitored in 20 bulls, aging 12 to 16 months, in four groups, each consisting of 5 animals. group i was experimentally and group iii-naturally infected with bhv 1 virus, groups ii and iv serving as control animals. tests for cmi included delayed type hypersensitivity (dth), leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (lmif) and granulocyte migration inhibitor factor (gmif-lif-buffy coat leukocyte migration inhib ... | 1994 | 8590901 |
| [clinical experiences in the use of para-immunity inducers in cattle during animal exhibitions]. | ibr positive cattle after vaccination with dead vaccine may excrete ibr/ipv (bhv-1) virus when facing a stress situation. on cattle exhibitions the share of such individuals may vary between 8 and 34%. since 1988 in order to protect animals against infections ibr negative cattle and cows on 7 regional, one national and one international exhibitions were treated with duphamun and baypamun, respectively. after returning of animals to their owner ibr outbreaks were confirmed in 8 forms. this is low ... | 1995 | 8593769 |
| monitoring experimental alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 infection in cattle by nucleic-acid hybridization and pcr. | the dna probe sw15 derived from the laboratory-attenuated alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (ahv-1) strain wc11 as well as from the polymerase chain-reaction test (hsu, shih, castro & zee 1990), was used to detect viral dna of malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) in six experimentally infected cattle. heparinized blood samples were collected and tested at least three times a week over a period of up to 142 d. results of hybridization and pcr tests were compared with the results of clinical examinations, and ... | 1995 | 8600434 |
| bovine herpesvirus meningoencephalitis association with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) vaccine. | during 1992, on a farm in the tokachi district of hokkaido, japan, approximately 20 holstein-friesian calves showed neuroparalysis and died within 7-10 days after routine vaccination. six male calves, aged about 1.5 months, were submitted to our laboratory for pathological examination and diagnosed as acute or subacute necrotizing meningoencephalitis due to bovine herpes virus (bhv) infection. the main necropsy findings included a few hemorrhages or clots, and malacic lesions localized in the co ... | 1995 | 8615076 |
| identification and characterization of a bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein gl which is required for proper antigenicity, processing, and transport of bhv-1 glycoprotein gh. | dna sequence analysis of the bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) genome revealed the presence of an open reading frame named ul1 which exhibited limited homology to glycoprotein gl of herpes simplex virus-1 (s. k. khattar, s. van drunen littel-van den hurk, l. a. babiuk, and s. k. tikoo, virology 213, 28-37). to identify the bhv-1 ul1 protein, rabbit antisera were prepared against two synthetic peptides that were predicted by computer analysis to encompass antigenic epitopes. sera against both peptides ... | 1996 | 8623555 |
| identification and characterization of bicp27, an early protein of bovine herpesvirus 1 which may stimulate mrna 3' processing. | sequence analysis of the left genomic terminus of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) revealed two convergently transcribed genes with 3' ends about 300 bp apart. the gene on the left is the previously described circ gene; that on the right was found to encode a protein of 400 amino acids which was designated bicp27 because of its homology to icp27 (vmw63) of herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) and related proteins from other alpha- beta- and gammaherpesviruses. rabbit antisera raised against a synthetic ol ... | 1996 | 8627249 |
| bovine herpesvirus 1 ul49.5 homolog gene encodes a novel viral envelope protein that forms a disulfide-linked complex with a second virion structural protein. | we previously reported that the genome of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) contains an open reading frame (orf) homologous to the herpes simplex virus ul49.5 orf, and as with the herpes simplex virus ul49.5 orf, the deduced amino acid sequence of the bhv-1 ul49.5 homolog (ul49.5h) contains features characteristic of an integral membrane protein, implying that it may constitute a functional gene encoding a novel viral envelope protein. this communication reports on the identification of the bhv-1 ul4 ... | 1996 | 8627662 |
| glycoprotein bb, the n-terminal subunit of bovine herpesvirus 1 gb, can bind to heparan sulfate on the surfaces of madin-darby bovine kidney cells. | the present study confirms our previous findings made by using heparin affinity chromatography that bovine herpesvirus 1 gb can bind to heparin-like structures. in order to locate the functional domain for heparin binding, we expressed the extracellular portion of gb (gbt) and the large subunit of gb (gbb) in madin darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cells under the control of the bovine heat shock protein 70a gene promoter. the recombinant gbt and gbb were both efficiently secreted from the transfected ... | 1996 | 8627732 |
| bovine herpesvirus 1 u(s) open reading frame 4 encodes a glycoproteoglycan. | sequence analysis of the short unique (us) segment of the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) genome predicted that the us open reading frame (orf) 4 encodes a protein with homology to glycoprotein g (gg) of other alpha-herpesviruses (p. leung-tack, j.-c. audonnet, and m. riviere, virology 199:409-421, 1994). rna analysis showed that the us orf4 is contained within two transcripts of 3.5 and 1.8 kb. the 3.5 kb rna represents a structurally bicistronic rna which encompasses the us orf3 and us orf4, wher ... | 1996 | 8627780 |
| construction of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) recombinants which express pseudorabies virus (prv) glycoproteins gb, gc, gd, and ge. | we have improved the method for constructing recombinants of bovine herpesvirus type-1 (bhv-1). using this method, we constructed three recombinants in which the pseudorabies virus (prv) thymidine kinase (tk) gene was inserted at three different sites in the unique short region of bhv-1. these three sites are located in the open reading frame of ge, gg and gi genes. previously, two sites (tk and gc) had been used to insert foreign dna fragments to bhv-1 genome. therefore we now have 5 sites in b ... | 1996 | 8629951 |
| pathology of bovine abortion and newborn calf death caused by dual infection with chlamydia psittaci and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. | nine aborted fetuses and one newborn calf, diagnosed as chlamydia psittaci (c. psittaci) infection, were pathologically examined. the characteristic lesions in the liver were focal necrosis in 9 aborted fetuses and granulomatous necrotic foci in the newborn calf. moderate numbers of intranuclear inclusion bodies were found in necrotic foci of the liver, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, adrenal gland, kidney, lung and forestomach. immunohistologically, a small number of c. psittaci antigens was demon ... | 1996 | 8645759 |
| identification and characterization of the pseudorabies virus ul3.5 protein, which is involved in virus egress. | alphaherpesvirus genomes exhibit a generally collinear gene arrangement, and most of their genes are conserved among the different members of the subfamily. among the exceptions is the ul3.5 gene of pseudorabies virus (prv) for which positional homologs have been detected in the genomes of varicella-zoster virus, equine herpesvirus 1, and bovine herpesvirus 1 but not in the genomes of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. to identify and characterize the predicted 224 amino acid ul3.5 protein of p ... | 1996 | 8648685 |
| the latency-related gene of bovine herpesvirus 1 encodes a product which inhibits cell cycle progression. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) establishes a latent infection in the sensory ganglionic neurons of cattle. the exclusive viral rna expressed in a latent infection is the latency-related (lr) rna, suggesting that it regulates some aspect of a latent infection. during the course of a productive infection, alphaherpesviruses induce certain events which occur during cell cycle progression. consequently, we hypothesized that a bhv-1 infection might induce events in neurons which occur during cell cycle ... | 1996 | 8648716 |
| inactivated bovine herpesvirus 1 induces apoptotic cell death of mitogen-stimulated bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) is able to inhibit the proliferation of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. here, we have demonstrated that live bhv-1 and, interestingly, inactivated bhv-1 can induce apoptosis of mitogen-stimulated bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. | 1996 | 8648752 |
| differential control of transcription by homologous homeodomain coregulators. | the human herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) transactivator vp16 and its homolog from bovine herpes-virus 1 (bhv-1) can each recruit the human homeodomain protein oct-1 into a transcriptional regulatory complex. here, we show that these two oct-1 coregulators possess similar, if not identical, homeodomain recognition properties but possess different virus-specific cis-regulatory specificities: the hsv-1 vp-16 protein activates transcription from the hsv-1 vp16 response element, and the bhv-1 vp ... | 1996 | 8649408 |
| sequence and expression of a bovine herpesvirus-1 gene homologous to the glycoprotein k-encoding gene of herpes simplex virus-1. | in the bovine herpes virus-1 (bhv-1) genome, a gene equivalent to the glycoprotein k (gk)-encoding gene of other herpesviruses was identified and sequenced. the primary translation product is predicted to comprise 338 amino acids (aa) and to exhibit a molecular mass of 37.5 kda. it possesses characteristics typical for membrane glycoproteins including a potential cleavable signal sequence, three transmembrane domains and two potential n-linked glycosylation sites. comparison to the gk proteins o ... | 1996 | 8654942 |
| expression of bovine interleukin-1 beta in a bovine herpesvirus-1 vector: in vitro analysis. | in order to evaluate whether bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) could be used as a live viral vector for the expression of cytokines, we constructed a recombinant bhv-1 expressing bovine interleukin-1 beta (boil-1 beta). the boil-1 beta coding sequence, corresponding to the cleaved mature product, was fused with the bhv-1 glycoprotein c (gc) signal peptide sequence; the resultant gc-boil-1 beta fusion gene was recombined into the gc locus of the bhv-1 genome. southern blot analysis confirmed the prope ... | 1996 | 8661416 |
| [detection of bovine infectious rhinotracheitis virus by hybridization using nonradioactive dna-probes]. | biotin-labeled dna probes for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus also known as bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) have been developed. the procedure is based on dot-blot hybridization using biotin-labeled bacteriophage m13 and plasmid probes containing cloned psti and ecori-psti restriction fragments of viral genome. the probes obtained were used to detect viral nucleic acids in specimens of bovine spermatic fluid or nasal swabs of calves. the method is simple and rapid, taking less than 24 h, an ... | 1995 | 8686268 |
| enhancement of antibody response to bovine herpesvirus 1 with non-specific immunostimulants. | stimulatory effects of aluminium hydroxide, lipopolysaccharide (lps), muramyldipeptide (mdp), and empty liposomes on the antigenicity of inactivated bovine herpesvirus 1 were tested in mice. compared with the standard effect of aluminium hydroxide, stronger antibody responses were observed in mice treated with empty liposomes or lps alone, or a combination thereof. the strongest antibody response was recorded in mice treated with a combination of inactivated bhv-1, mdp and empty liposomes. | 1996 | 8693667 |
| rapid method for visual identification of specific dna sequences based on dna-tagged liposomes. | we describe a rapid method for visually determining specific dna sequences at femtomole concentrations. liposomes, encapsulating a red dye and labeled with oligonucleotide, were used in a capillary migration-sandwich hybridization assay. capture probe was immobilized on nitrocellulose strips, and liposomes, migrating along each strip, formed a visually discernible band in the presence of target dna. one femtomole of synthetic target sequence could be detected in < 10 min. sufficiently stringent ... | 1996 | 8697578 |
| the distinction of serologically related ruminant alphaherpesviruses by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and restriction endonuclease analysis. | the amplification and analysis of a 468bp fragment from the gb gene of the serologically related ruminant alphaherpesviruses bovine herpesvirus-1.1 and 1.2 (bhv-1.1 and bhv-1.2), caprine herpesvirus-1 (caphv-1), cervine herpesvirus-1 (cerhv-1) and rangiferine herpesvirus-1 (ranhv-1) by pcr and restriction endonuclease analysis is described. as primers, 22bp oligomers selected from the bhv-1 gb gene sequences were used for the amplification of the dna from the five viruses. the amplification prod ... | 1996 | 8701569 |
| virulence and immunogenicity in calves of thymidine kinase- and glycoprotein e-negative bovine herpesvirus 1 mutants. | a deletion was introduced into the thymidine kinase (tk) gene of the bhv1 strain lam and, or, the complete coding region of the glycoprotein e (ge) gene was deleted to reduce virulence and to make serological differentiation possible. the virulence and immunogenicity of these three bhv1 mutants (tk-, ge- and tk-/ge) were studied in specific-pathogen-free calves. although inactivation of tk strongly reduced the virulence of the lam strain, deletion of the ge gene alone sufficed to yield complete ... | 1996 | 8701570 |
| efficacy of a temperature-sensitive modified-live bovine herpesvirus type-1 vaccine against abortion and stillbirth in pregnant heifers. | to evaluate the efficacy of a commercially available temperature-sensitive modified-live bovine herpesvirus type-1 (bhv-1) vaccine against bhv-1 challenge-induced abortion and stillbirth. | 1996 | 8707679 |
| the use of marker vaccines in eradication of herpesviruses. | marker vaccines are vaccines that allow serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated individuals. this differentiation is based on the absence of one or more microbial proteins in the vaccine that are present in the wild-type micro-organism. consequently, after infection, but not after vaccination, an antibody response against that specific protein(s) can be detected. with a protein-specific antibody test infected individuals can thus be distinguished from vaccinated individuals. ... | 1996 | 8717389 |
| amino acid substitutions in glycoprotein d mediate the ability of fusion from without-positive herpes simplex virus type 1 strains to penetrate at 4 degrees and in the presence of soluble glycoprotein d. | in former studies, we described herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) strains ang, ang path and hszp as strains with special fusion activities, caused by mutations in the syn 3 locus. in this report, we describe the special penetration properties of these strains: their ability to penetrate at 4 degrees and to overcome the infection block caused by soluble glycoprotein d-1 (gd-1) in the medium. using intertypic recombinants of hsv-1 strains ang path and kos, we showed that these penetration proper ... | 1995 | 8724859 |
| the bovine herpesvirus type 1 major tegument protein vp8 expressed in recombinant vaccinia virus does not induce significant immunity in mice. | we previously reported the characterization of the gene encoding the bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) major tegument protein vp8. with the aim of defining the immunological properties of this protein, we constructed a recombinant vaccinia virus (vv-vp8) in which expression of the vp8 gene was regulated by the p7.5 early/late promoter. since the sequence of the vp8 gene contained a tttttnt motif known to serve as a transcription termination signal of vaccinia virus genes of the early class, a se ... | 1996 | 8725115 |
| immunogenicity of bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein d in mice: effect of antigen form on the induction of cellular and humoral immune responses. | for the development of veterinary subunit vaccines, modifications to the antigen may be needed to make the production of these vaccines cost effective. to investigate the effect of antigen modifications on immune response, we used glycoprotein d, one of the major glycoproteins of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), as a model antigen. we developed a mouse model to assess the immune response elicited by immunization with either a recombinant truncated (tgd) or the authentic full-length (gd) form of bhv ... | 1996 | 8733915 |
| demonstration of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus antigen by immunoperoxidase method in tissues of aborted bovine fetuses preserved for 25 years in paraffin blocks. | infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus antigen was demonstrated by the immunoperoxidase method in tissues of two aborted bovine fetuses, which had been stored for 25 years after fixing in formalin and embedding in paraffin. necrotic foci were detected in the liver, kidney, adrenal gland, and thymus of the fetuses. coincidenting with the distribution of the necrotic foci, ibr virus antigen was demonstrated by immunostaining. the present study proved the immunoperoxidase method in one of us ... | 1996 | 8741609 |
| glycoprotein h (gii/gp108) and glycoprotein l form a functional complex which plays a role in penetration, but not in attachment, of bovine herpesvirus 1. | the glycoproteins of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) play important roles in the interactions between virions and target cells. a 108 kda glycoprotein, designated gii or gp 108, has been identified by two different panels of monoclonal antibodies. the gii- and gp 108-specific monoclonal antibodies were shown to react with the same protein, which was identified by n-terminal sequencing as the homologue of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) gh. when bhv-1 gh was purified by immunoadsorbent chromatog ... | 1996 | 8757994 |
| identification of a 56 kda putative bovine herpesvirus 1 cellular receptor by anti-idiotype antibodies. | polyclonal anti-idiotype antibodies (anti-ids) to anti-bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) mabs blocked virus infection in cell cultures, indicating that they contain internal images of a viral attachment protein(s). in the present study anti-id (anti-83) of bhv-1 gb was used as a probe to detect the cellular receptor. anti-id specifically identified a 56 kda protein in radioimmunoprecipitation analysis (ripa) of madin-darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cell membranes suggesting the involvement of this cell su ... | 1996 | 8760439 |
| serological and virological studies on the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in algeria. | clinical cases of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and infectious pustular vulvovaginitis were observed within the cattle population in algeria. the isolation and identification of six bovine herpes virus type 1 strains from diseased cattle and the serological surveys undertaken in the central region of the country on 2948 sera revealed a 20.5% incidence of ibr infections in algeria. the dna restriction profiles of the isolated strains showed the existence of only the bhv1-2a subtype associated ... | 1996 | 8767771 |
| immunogenicity of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (bhv-1) proteins integrated into iscoms or liposomes. | dynamics and persistence of antibody responses to immunization and reimmunization of rabbits with bhv-1 iscoms or bhv-1 liposomes were investigated for 20 weeks and compared with those induced by a commercial vaccine against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) or free bhv-1 protein subunits. comparable levels of antibodies to bhv-1, determined by elisa, were found throughout the observation period in rabbits treated with bhv-1 iscoms or the commercial vaccine. the immunogenicity of bhv-1 lip ... | 1996 | 8774120 |
| the effect of molybdenum-induced copper deficiency on acute-phase protein concentrations, superoxide dismutase activity, leukocyte numbers, and lymphocyte proliferation in beef heifers inoculated with bovine herpesvirus-1. | this study was conducted to determine the effect of cu deficiency on acute-phase protein concentrations, superoxide dismutase activity, leukocyte numbers, and lymphocyte proliferation in heifers inoculated with live bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1). hereford x angus heifers were allotted by weight and initial liver cu concentrations into molybdenum (mo)-supplemented (n = 6) or control (n = 6) groups. control heifers were fed a basal diet supplemented with cu-sulfate to achieve a dietary concentratio ... | 1996 | 8778102 |
| rapid detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 in the semen of infected bulls by a nested polymerase chain reaction assay. | a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed for the detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) in bovine semen and compared with the virus isolation method. when extended semen, commonly used in the bovine artificial insemination industry, was inoculated with bhv-1, the pcr assay detected bhv-1 dna in semen inoculated at 0.25-2.5 tcid50 per 0.5 ml. in contrast, the lower limit of detection for virus isolation was 250 tcid50 of bhv-1 inoculated in 0.5 ml of extended semen. these m ... | 1996 | 8785714 |
| serological responses in calves to vaccines against bovine respiratory syncytial, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral diarrhoea and parainfluenza-3 viruses. | the istituto superiore di sanità (iss), the national veterinary services laboratory in italy, is in charge of assessing the quality, safety and efficacy of veterinary vaccines before and after licensing. to evaluate the relative potency of several vaccines against bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and parainfluenza-3 virus (pi3v), the serological responses in vaccinated calves were studied. vaccination w ... | 1996 | 8785944 |
| effects of b vitamin injections on plasma b vitamin concentrations of feed-restricted beef calves infected with bovine herpesvirus-1. | for nonruminants, stress and disease greatly increase requirements for vitamin b6, folic acid, pantothenic acid, and ascorbate. the effects of feed restriction, virus infection, and vitamin injections on plasma concentrations of b vitamins critical to the immune response were evaluated. twelve beef steer calves, 6 to 8 mo of age, were fed below maintenance for 17 d and deprived of food for 3 d during a 20-d period after weaning. they then were inoculated intranasally with live attenuated bovine ... | 1996 | 8791209 |
| effects of b vitamin injection on bovine herpesvirus-1 infection and immunity in feed-restricted beef calves. | because feed and water deprivation during marketing and transport of feedlot calves may reduce ruminal b vitamin synthesis at a time when calves are most susceptible to infectious agents, we studied the effect of b vitamin injections on infection and immunity in 12 6-mo-old beef steer calves (153 +/- 8 kg) that were weaned, limit-fed, and deprived of feed. six calves were injected with b vitamins and ascorbic acid every 48 h for 28 d starting 2 wk before virus inoculation. all calves were infect ... | 1996 | 8791210 |
| serum haptoglobin as an indicator of the acute phase response in bovine respiratory disease. | the early stages of the host response to infectious agents include a number of physiologic changes, collectively known as the acute phase response. the acute phase response is comprised of reactions localized at the site of infection, as well as the initiation of systemic responses, which include a rapid increase in the serum concentration of some proteins, known as acute phase proteins (app). using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, we detected two app of approximately 22 and 37 kda molecular ... | 1996 | 8792565 |
| a non-specific defence inducer in preventing clinical signs of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in calves. | one calf was infected with bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) and mixed with five other calves, of which one had been vaccinated with a bhv-1 modified live vaccine one month earlier. the other four calves were vaccinated at the time the experimentally infected calf developed the first signs of the disease (fever, depression, nasal discharge), i.e. on post infection day (pid) 2. in addition to the vaccine, two of the four pid 2 vaccinated calves also received a non-specific defence (nsd) inducer (baypa ... | 1996 | 8800541 |
| the cytoplasmic domain of bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein b is important for maintaining conformation and the high-affinity binding site of gb. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein b (gb) has been shown to interact with two types of receptor on madin darby bovine kidney cells. the first receptor is heparan sulfate proteoglycan, whereas the second high-affinity receptor remains unknown. in order to study the structural requirement for gb's high-affinity binding activity, different forms of the gb ectodomain were expressed and compared with authentic gb. by using chemical cross-linking and sucrose gradient centrifugation, we found th ... | 1996 | 8806507 |
| induction of systemic and mucosal immune responses in cotton rats immunized with human adenovirus type 5 recombinants expressing the full and truncated forms of bovine herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein gd. | we generated both replication-incompetent (had5-gd-e1 and had5-tgd-e1) and replication-competent (had5-gd-e3 and had5-tgd-e3) human adenovirus type 5 (had5) recombinants expressing the full (gd) or truncated form (tgd) of the glycoprotein gd gene of bovine herpevirus type 1 (bhv-1). recombinant gd and tgd expressed by had5-gd-e1 and had5-gd-e3 and by had5-tgd-e1 and had5-tgd-e3, respectively, were recognized by gd-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against linear and conformational e ... | 1996 | 8806514 |
| bovine interleukins 2 and 4 expressed in recombinant bovine herpesvirus 1 are biologically active secreted glycoproteins. | the open reading frames encoding bovine interleukin 2 (boil-2) and bovine interleukin 4 (boil-4) were integrated into the unique short segment of the genome of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) and expressed under control of the murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) immediate-early 1 (ie1) enhancer-promoter element or the mcmv early 1 (e1) promoter. madin-darby bovine kidney cells infected with the recombinant viruses secreted boil-2 or boil-4 into the culture medium. secretion was inhibited by the presence ... | 1996 | 8811023 |
| the cytoplasmic domain of bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein b is important for maintaining conformation and the high-affinity binding site of gb | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein b (gb) has been shown to interact with two types of receptor on madin darby bovine kidney cells. the first receptor is heparan sulfate proteoglycan, whereas the second high-affinity receptor remains unknown. in order to study the structural requirement for gb's high-affinity binding activity, different forms of the gb ectodomain were expressed and compared with authentic gb. by using chemical cross-linking and sucrose gradient centrifugation, we found th ... | 1996 | 8813035 |
| mucosal and systemic immunity to bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein d confer resistance to viral replication and latency in cattle. | mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract directed against bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein b forms an effective barrier against bhv-1 replication in cattle. here we investigated the ability of a second bhv-1 glycoprotein, gd, to engender specific antibodies in nasal secretion and serum and protect against infection. we expected gd to give greater protection than gb because anti-gd antibodies prevent viral penetration into cells at much lower concentrations than anti-gb antibodies. calv ... | 1996 | 8821651 |
| efficacy of an experimental bhv-1 subunit giv vaccine in beef calves challenged with bhv-1 in aerosol. | thirty-six beef calves were used to test the efficacy of an experimental truncated bhv-1 glycoprotein (tgiv) vaccine. calves from 1 source and +/- 1 mo of age were randomly divided into 4 groups: 1) control (adjuvant vsa3), 2) vaccinated with tgiv at 3 and 4 mo of age, 3) vaccinated with tgiv at 3 and 7 mo of age, or 4) vaccinated with tgiv at 6 and 7 mo of age. calves were challenged with bhv-1 in aerosol (strain 108) at 7 1/2 mo of age. prior to challenge, serum neutralizing (sn) antibody tite ... | 1996 | 8825995 |
| establishment of a rabbit model for bovine herpesvirus type 5 neurological acute infection. | this study was conducted to evaluate the suitability of the rabbit as a model for bovine, herpesvirus 5 (bhv-5) acute infection. in a preliminary experiment, a total of 24 one-month old new zealand white rabbits were inoculated with bhv-5 or bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) by the intraconjunctival, intracerebral or intranasal routes. bhv-5 or bhv-1 inoculated in the conjunctiva induced virus proliferation in the eye mucosae and the nasal cavity of rabbits without meningo-encephalitis. on the other ... | 1996 | 8828120 |
| effect of bovine herpesvirus-1 on expression of interleukin-2 receptors and effect of interleukin-12 on lymphocyte proliferation. | expression of the interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain (il-2r alpha) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from holstein calves, both experimentally-infected with bovine herpesvirus-l (bhv-l) and controls, was measured by flow cytometry. expression of il-2r alpha was 35 percent and 23 percent higher in infected calves than controls, on days 2 and 3 postinfection (pi), respectively. concurrent with this increase in il-2r alpha expression, a significant decrease (p < 0.001) was observed in th ... | 1996 | 8861643 |
| rapid and high sensitivity test for direct detection of bovine herpesvirus-1 genome in clinical samples. | a procedure for direct detection of the bhv-1 genome in clinical samples, including semen, was developed. the method is based on the pcr amplification of a highly conserved dna fragment within the glycoprotein gi sequence of the virus (323 bp between nt 1491 to nt 1814). the method is rapid and highly specific for all 27 subtypes assayed, which are included in the clinical and genetically different groups of bhv-1. the viral origin of the pcr product was assessed by southern hybridization, with ... | 1996 | 8861645 |
| transcriptional and translational expression kinetics of the early gene encoding the bicp27 protein of bovine herpesvirus type 1. | the expression kinetics of an essential trans-regulatory protein, icp27, from herpes simplex virus type 1 correspond to that of an immediate-early gene whose expression increases rapidly upon infection and then decreases as of 7 hr postinfection. in contrast, here we report that the bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) homolog bicp27, a 50-kda protein, is expressed as an early gene. both the transcript and protein accumulated gradually reaching peak levels at approximately 12 hr postinfection, afte ... | 1996 | 8862429 |
| a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for the detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) in selectively digested whole bovine semen. | a pcr assay for the detection of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv1) dna in selectively digested whole bovine semen was developed and evaluated. a brief treatment with proteinase-k was used to lyse free virus, virus present in non-sperm cells and virus adhering to the spermatozoa. genomic bovine dna was not released by this treatment. primers and probes were based on the nucleotide sequence of the gd gene. bhv1 virus-spiked split samples were used as positive controls and the pcr products were dete ... | 1996 | 8865582 |
| epidemiologic association between antibody titres against bovine virus diarrhoea virus, rinderpest disease virus and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in a buffalo herd. | the association between antibody titres against bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) and rinderpest disease virus (rpdv) in buffaloes was investigated in a cross-sectional study. thirty-six lactating buffaloes from a herd in landhi cattle colony, karachi were bled and serum samples subjected to a micro-neutralisation test at the plum island animal disease center, usa, to categorise each buffalo either as positive or negative against each of 3 viral ... | 1996 | 8888525 |
| synthesis, processing, and oligomerization of bovine herpesvirus 1 ge and gi membrane proteins. | this study reports the identification and initial characterization of the precursors, modified forms, and oligomers of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) gi and ge proteins with polyvalent rabbit serum specific for gi or ge. our experiments used the colorado strain of bhv-1 and mutant viruses with insertions of the escherichia coli lacz gene into the predicted ge and gi reading frames. we also translated the ge and gi open reading frames in vitro and expressed them in uninfected cells using eukaryotic ... | 1996 | 8892910 |
| glycoprotein e of bovine herpesvirus type 1 is involved in virus transmission by direct cell-to-cell spread. | in order to identify the role of the bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein e (ge) in the viral infection cycle, we have constructed a bhv-1 ge deletion mutant strain (bhv-1 ge-). this strain was assayed in vitro by comparing its growth kinetics with the wild type strain used as a host of the deletion. our results indicate that those conditions which prevent the infection by direct adsorption to the cells (presence of a semi-solid medium or presence of neutralizing antibodies in the medi ... | 1996 | 8896241 |
| protective immunity of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) recombinants which express pseudorabies virus (prv) glycoproteins gb, gc, gd and ge. | we have constructed recombinants of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) which express pseudorabies virus (prv) gb, gc, gd or ge either individually or in combination. to test the protective immunity, mice were inoculated with these bhv-1 recombinants and challenged three weeks later with virulent prv. a bhv-1 recombinant, bhv-1/tf7-1, which express prv gc, gd, ge and gi but not prv gb, protected all 7 mice from the challenge with 20 ld50 virulent prv and 6 out of 7 from the challenge with 100 ld50 prv, ... | 1996 | 8898277 |
| development of immuno-pcr for diagnosis of bovine herpesvirus 1 infection. | a highly sensitive immuno-pcr method specific for the detection of antigens of and antibodies to bovine herpesvirus 1 was established. this assay attained a high sensitivity of up to 10(7.0) times higher than that of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) or pcr for antigen detection and 10(5.0) times higher than that of elisa for antibody detection. | 1996 | 8904452 |
| construction and characterization of an attenuated bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) recombinant virus. | a recombinant bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) virus (gal-tk) has been constructed. the gal-tk virus contains a chimeric reporter/marker gene coding for bacterial beta-galactosidase (beta-gal gene) that was inserted stably within the viral tk gene. this resulted in inactivation of the tk gene. the beta-gal gene is under the regulation of a strong, human cytomegalovirus-immediate early (hcmv-ie) promoter and is expressed as an authentic viral-coded gene. even though the one-step growth kinetics ... | 1996 | 8914247 |
| the efficacy of an inactivated ibr vaccine in the prevention of intra-uterine infection and its use in a disease-control programme. | the effects of administration of an established, inactivated ibr vaccine were studied in 30 cows from two herds (one seropositive and one seronegative). all acquired immunity which, after subsequent intratracheal infection with ibr virus, prevented development of symptoms in the cows and protected their foetuses against viral infection in utero. the calves were all healthy and were born at normal term. ten non-vaccinated cows from the seronegative herd responded to the experimental infection wit ... | 1996 | 8919965 |