| development of an improved selective and differential medium for isolation of salmonella spp. | we describe an improved selective, differential, and cost-effective medium, xa medium, which contains d-arabinose, to facilitate the selective isolation of salmonella spp. the sensitivity and the specificity of xa medium were compared to those of xylose lysine desoxycholate agar (xld) using stock cultures and naturally contaminated food samples. xa medium and xld were evaluated with a total of 82 salmonella and 69 non-salmonella stock cultures. of 82 strains of salmonella spp. tested, 76 produce ... | 2012 | 22814469 |
| multiplex t-rflp allows for increased target number and specificity: detection of salmonella enterica and six species of listeria in a single test. | a multiplex t-rflp test was developed to detect and identify salmonella enterica and all six species of listeria inoculated into milk at minimal levels. extensive in silico analysis was used to design a fifteen-primer, six-amplimer methodology and in vitro application showed target organism dna, when amplified individually, yielded the predicted terminal restriction fragments (trfs) following digestion. non-target organisms were either not-amplified or yielded trfs which did not interfere with t ... | 2012 | 22937073 |
| engineered protein nano-compartments for targeted enzyme localization. | compartmentalized co-localization of enzymes and their substrates represents an attractive approach for multi-enzymatic synthesis in engineered cells and biocatalysis. sequestration of enzymes and substrates would greatly increase reaction efficiency while also protecting engineered host cells from potentially toxic reaction intermediates. several bacteria form protein-based polyhedral microcompartments which sequester functionally related enzymes and regulate their access to substrates and othe ... | 2012 | 22428024 |
| rapid sample processing for detection of food-borne pathogens via cross-flow microfiltration. | this paper reports an approach to enable rapid concentration and recovery of bacterial cells from aqueous chicken homogenates as a preanalytical step of detection. this approach includes biochemical pretreatment and prefiltration of food samples and development of an automated cell concentration instrument based on cross-flow microfiltration. a polysulfone hollow-fiber membrane module having a nominal pore size of 0.2 μm constitutes the core of the cell concentration instrument. the aqueous chic ... | 2013 | 24014538 |
| detection of salmonella spp, salmonella enteritidis and typhimurium in naturally infected broiler chickens by a multiplex pcr-based assay. | the presence of salmonella in the intestinal tract, on the chickens skin and among their feathers, may cause carcasses contamination during slaughtering and processing and possibly it is responsible by the introduction of this microorganism in the slaughterhouses. a rapid method to identify and monitor salmonella and their sorovars in farm is becoming necessary. a pre-enriched multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-pcr) assay employing specific primers was developed and used to detect salmonella ... | 2013 | 24159281 |
| emergence of kpc-2-producing salmonella enterica serotype schwarzengrund in argentina. | | 2014 | 25114136 |
| fructose-asparagine is a primary nutrient during growth of salmonella in the inflamed intestine. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (salmonella) is one of the most significant food-borne pathogens affecting both humans and agriculture. we have determined that salmonella encodes an uptake and utilization pathway specific for a novel nutrient, fructose-asparagine (f-asn), which is essential for salmonella fitness in the inflamed intestine (modeled using germ-free, streptomycin-treated, ex-germ-free with human microbiota, and il10-/- mice). the locus encoding f-asn utilization, fra, provi ... | 2014 | 24967579 |
| laser optical sensor, a label-free on-plate salmonella enterica colony detection tool. | we investigated the application capabilities of a laser optical sensor, bardot (bacterial rapid detection using optical scatter technology) to generate differentiating scatter patterns for the 20 most frequently reported serovars of salmonella enterica. initially, the study tested the classification ability of bardot by using six salmonella serovars grown on brain heart infusion, brilliant green, xylose lysine deoxycholate, and xylose lysine tergitol 4 (xlt4) agar plates. highly accurate discrim ... | 2014 | 24496794 |
| growth kinetics of salmonella enterica in hajna tetrathionate broth, rappaport broth and modified semisolid rappaport agar. | to determine the appropriate method for isolating salmonella enterica, we compared the growth of s. enterica serovars using three selective enrichment media. s. enterica was more successfully isolated from artificially contaminated fecal samples after enrichment in hajna tetrathionate broth or modified semisolid rappaport agar than in rappaport broth. since most bacteria (other than motile s. enterica) do not migrate on modified semisolid rappaport agar, the growth characteristics of s. enterica ... | 2015 | 26498402 |
| inca/c plasmid carrying bla(ndm-1), bla(cmy-16), and fosa3 in a salmonella enterica serovar corvallis strain isolated from a migratory wild bird in germany. | a salmonella enterica serovar corvallis strain was isolated from a wild bird in germany. this strain carried the inca/c2 prh-1238 plasmid. complete sequencing of the plasmid was performed, identifying the blandm-1, blacmy-16, fosa3, sul1, sul2, stra, strb, aac(6')-ib, aada5, apha6, teta(a), mpha, flor, dfra7, and mera genes, which confer clinically relevant resistance to most of the antimicrobial classes, including β-lactams with carbapenems, fosfomycin, aminoglycosides, co-trimoxazole, tetracyc ... | 2015 | 26169417 |
| characterization of inci1 sequence type 71 epidemic plasmid lineage responsible for the recent dissemination of ctx-m-65 extended-spectrum β-lactamase in the bolivian chaco region. | during the last decade, a significant diffusion of ctx-m-type extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls) was observed in commensal escherichia coli from healthy children in the bolivian chaco region, with initial dissemination of ctx-m-2, which was then replaced by ctx-m-15 and ctx-m-65. in this work, we demonstrate that the widespread dissemination of ctx-m-65 observed in this context was related to the polyclonal spreading of an inci1 sequence type 71 (st71) epidemic plasmid lineage. the structure ... | 2015 | 26100713 |
| ingested salmonella enterica, cronobacter sakazakii, escherichia coli o157:h7, and listeria monocytogenes: transmission dynamics from adult house flies to their eggs and first filial (f1) generation adults. | the mechanical transmission of pathogenic bacteria by synanthropic filth flies is widely recognized. while many studies report the fate and the temporospatial distribution of ingested foodborne bacteria by filth flies, there is little evidence about the transmission dynamics of ingested foodborne bacteria by adult house flies (musca domestica) to their progeny. in this study, we fed parental house fly adults with food contaminated with low, medium, and high concentrations of salmonella enterica, ... | 2015 | 26228457 |
| identification of bacterial contaminants in polyherbal medicines used for the treatment of tuberculosis in amatole district of the eastern cape province, south africa, using rapid 16s rrna technique. | polyherbal medicines are used for the treatment of many diseases in many african and asian communities. with the increasing use of these remedies, several investigations have shown that they are associated with a broad variety of residues and contaminants. this study investigates the presence of bacteria in the polyherbal medicines used for the treatment of tuberculosis (tb) in the eastern cape province of south africa. | 2016 | 27549141 |
| using a human challenge model of infection to measure vaccine efficacy: a randomised, controlled trial comparing the typhoid vaccines m01zh09 with placebo and ty21a. | typhoid persists as a major cause of global morbidity. while several licensed vaccines to prevent typhoid are available, they are of only moderate efficacy and unsuitable for use in children less than two years of age. development of new efficacious vaccines is complicated by the human host-restriction of salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) and lack of clear correlates of protection. in this study, we aimed to evaluate the protective efficacy of a single dose of the oral vaccine candida ... | 2016 | 27533046 |
| characterization of five podoviridae phages infecting citrobacter freundii. | citrobacter freundii causes opportunistic infections in humans and animals, which are becoming difficult to treat due to increased antibiotic resistance. the aim of this study was to explore phages as potential antimicrobial agents against this opportunistic pathogen. we isolated and characterized five new virulent phages, sh1, sh2, sh3, sh4, and sh5 from sewage samples in tunisia. morphological and genomic analyses revealed that the five c. freundii phages belong to the caudovirales order, podo ... | 2016 | 27446058 |
| a highly precise and portable genome engineering method allows comparison of mutational effects across bacterial species. | currently available tools for multiplex bacterial genome engineering are optimized for a few laboratory model strains, demand extensive prior modification of the host strain, and lead to the accumulation of numerous off-target modifications. building on prior development of multiplex automated genome engineering (mage), our work addresses these problems in a single framework. using a dominant-negative mutant protein of the methyl-directed mismatch repair (mmr) system, we achieved a transient sup ... | 2016 | 26884157 |
| inflammatory effects of edwardsiella ictaluri lipopolysaccharide modifications in catfish gut. | bacterial lipopolysaccharides (lps) are structural components of the outer membranes of gram-negative bacteria and also are potent inducers of inflammation in mammals. higher vertebrates are extremely sensitive to lps, but lower vertebrates, like fish, are resistant to their systemic toxic effects. however, the effects of lps on the fish intestinal mucosa remain unknown. edwardsiella ictaluri is a primitive member of the enterobacteriaceae family that causes enteric septicemia in channel catfish ... | 2014 | 24866806 |
| diversity of bacterial communities on four frequently used surfaces in a large brazilian teaching hospital. | frequently used hand-touch surfaces in hospital settings have been implicated as a vehicle of microbial transmission. in this study, we aimed to investigate the overall bacterial population on four frequently used surfaces using a culture-independent illumina massively parallel sequencing approach of the 16s rrna genes. surface samples were collected from four sites, namely elevator buttons (eb), bank machine keyboard buttons (bmkb), restroom surfaces, and the employee biometric time clock syste ... | 2016 | 26805866 |
| validation of a predictive model describing growth of salmonella in enteral feeds. | the growth of salmonella enterica subs. enterica sorovar typhimurium at 25ºc was monitored in industrialized and hospital formulated enteral feeds and the results were used to validate the mathematical model of salmonella growth presented by the pathogen modeling program (pmp) 7.0 (usda-usa). the generation time of salmonella in enteral feeds ranged from 21 to 34.8 min and, the maximum growth rate (μmax) varied from 1.28 to 1.95 h(-1), resulting in a population increase from 5 to 6 log10 cycles ... | 2009 | 24031335 |
| crosstalk between virulence loci: regulation of salmonella enterica pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1) by products of the std fimbrial operon. | invasion of intestinal epithelial cells is a critical step in salmonella infection and requires the expression of genes located in salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1). a key factor for spi-1 expression is dna adenine (dam) methylation, which activates synthesis of the spi-1 transcriptional activator hild. dam-dependent regulation of hild is postranscriptional (and therefore indirect), indicating the involvement of unknown cell functions under dam methylation control. a genetic screen has i ... | 2012 | 22291968 |
| new delhi metallo-β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae, united states. | we characterized 9 new delhi metallo-β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae (5 klebsiella pneumoniae, 2 escherichia coli, 1 enterobacter cloacae, 1 salmonella enterica serovar senftenberg) isolates identified in the united states and cultured from 8 patients in 5 states during april 2009-march 2011. isolates were resistant to β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides, demonstrated mics ≤1 µg/ml of colistin and polymyxin, and yielded positive metallo-β-lactamase screening results. eight ... | 2013 | 23731823 |
| genes ycfr, sira and yigg contribute to the surface attachment of salmonella enterica typhimurium and saintpaul to fresh produce. | salmonella enterica is a frequent contaminant of minimally-processed fresh produce linked to major foodborne disease outbreaks. the molecular mechanisms underlying the association of this enteric pathogen with fresh produce remain largely unexplored. in our recent study, we showed that the expression of a putative stress regulatory gene, ycfr, was significantly induced in s. enterica upon exposure to chlorine treatment, a common industrial practice for washing and decontaminating fresh produce d ... | 2013 | 23451197 |
| thiouracil-forming bacteria identified and characterized upon porcine in vitro digestion of brassicaceae feed. | in recent years, the frequent detection of the banned thyreostat thiouracil (tu) in livestock urine has been related to endogenous tu formation following digestion of glucosinolate-rich brassicaceae crops. recently, it was demonstrated that, upon in vitro digestion of brassicaceae, fecal bacteria induce tu detection in livestock (porcine livestock > bovines). therefore, the present study was intended to isolate and identify bacteria involved in this intestinal tu formation upon brassicaceae dige ... | 2014 | 25261511 |
| long-term dissemination of ctx-m-5-producing hypermutable salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium sequence type 328 strains in russia, belarus, and kazakhstan. | in this paper, we present evidence of long-term circulation of cefotaxime-resistant clonally related salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains over a broad geographic area. the genetic relatedness of 88 isolates collected from multiple outbreaks and sporadic cases of nosocomial salmonellosis in various parts of russia, belarus, and kazakhstan from 1996 to 2009 was established by multilocus tandem-repeat analysis (mlva) and multilocus sequence typing (mlst). the isolates belong to sequence ... | 2014 | 24957829 |
| high resolution assembly and characterization of genomes of canadian isolates of salmonella enteritidis. | there is a need to characterize genomes of the foodborne pathogen, salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (se) and identify genetic information that could be ultimately deployed for differentiating strains of the organism, a need that is yet to be addressed mainly because of the high degree of clonality of the organism. in an effort to achieve the first characterization of the genomes of se of canadian origin, we carried out massively parallel sequencing of the nucleotide sequence of 11 se isol ... | 2014 | 25156331 |
| bacterial meningitis in malawian infants <2 months of age: etiology and susceptibility to world health organization first-line antibiotics. | neonatal meningitis is an important cause of morbidity in sub-saharan africa and requires urgent empiric treatment with parenteral administered antibiotics. here we describe the etiology, antimicrobial susceptibility and suitability of the world health organization first-line recommended antibiotics (penicillin and gentamicin) for bacterial meningitis in young infants in malawi. | 2014 | 24378940 |
| fluoroquinolone susceptibility testing of salmonella enterica: detection of acquired resistance and selection of zone diameter breakpoints for levofloxacin and ofloxacin. | fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin) have become a mainstay for treating severe salmonella infections in adults. fluoroquinolone resistance in salmonella is mostly due to mutations in the topoisomerase genes, but plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) mechanisms have also been described. in 2012, the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) revised the ciprofloxacin interpretive criteria (breakpoints) for disk diffusion and mic test methods for salmonella. in 2013, the clsi pub ... | 2014 | 24391204 |
| acquisition of the lac operon by salmonella enterica. | classical bacteriological characteristics of salmonella enterica indicate that the members of this species are unable to utilize lactose as a carbon source. however, lactose-fermenting (lac+) strains of several salmonella serovars have been isolated from different foodborne outbreaks as well as different geographical regions worldwide. in the present study, we sequenced the genomes of 13 lac + s. enterica isolates and characterized the lac region, comparing it to the lac region in other enteric ... | 2015 | 26303940 |
| characterization of foodborne outbreaks of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis with whole-genome sequencing single nucleotide polymorphism-based analysis for surveillance and outbreak detection. | salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis is a significant cause of gastrointestinal illness in the united states; however, current molecular subtyping methods lack resolution for this highly clonal serovar. advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have made it possible to examine whole-genome sequencing (wgs) as a potential molecular subtyping tool for outbreak detection and source trace back. here, we conducted a retrospective analysis of s. enteritidis isolates from seven epidemiolog ... | 2015 | 26269623 |
| clonal spread of mcr-1 in pmqr-carrying st34 salmonella isolates from animals in china. | since initial identification in china, the widespread geographical occurrence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in enterobacteriaceae has been of great concern. in this study, a total of 22 salmonella enterica were resistant to colistin, while only five isolates which belonged to st34 salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) were mcr-1 positive. four of them shared nearly identical pfge type, although they were from different host species and diverse geographical ... | 2016 | 27917926 |
| salmonella typhimurium and multidirectional communication in the gut. | the mammalian digestive tract is home to trillions of microbes, including bacteria, archaea, protozoa, fungi, and viruses. in monogastric mammals the stomach and small intestine harbor diverse bacterial populations but are typically less populated than the colon. the gut bacterial community (microbiota hereafter) varies widely among different host species and individuals within a species. it is influenced by season of the year, age of the host, stress and disease. ideally, the host and microbiot ... | 2016 | 27920756 |
| diverse distribution of toxin-antitoxin ii systems in salmonella enterica serovars. | type ii toxin-antitoxin systems (tas), known for their presence in virulent and antibiotic resistant bacterial strains, were recently identified in salmonella enterica isolates. however, the relationships between the presence of tas (ccdab and vapbc) and the epidemiological and genetic features of different non-typhoidal salmonella serovars are largely unknown, reducing our understanding of the ecological success of different serovars. salmonella enterica isolates from different sources, belongi ... | 2016 | 27357537 |
| use of attenuated but metabolically competent salmonella as a probiotic to prevent or treat salmonella infection. | salmonella enterica is among the most burdensome of foodborne disease agents. there are over 2,600 serovars that cause a range of disease manifestations ranging from enterocolitis to typhoid fever. while there are two vaccines in use in humans to protect against typhoid fever, there are none that prevent enterocolitis. if vaccines preventing enterocolitis were to be developed, they would likely protect against only one or a few serovars. in this report, we tested the hypothesis that probiotic or ... | 2016 | 27185789 |
| antibiotic resistance in salmonella typhimurium associates with crispr sequence type. | salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhimurium is a leading cause of foodborne salmonellosis in the united states. the number of antibiotic resistant isolates identified in humans is steadily increasing, suggesting that the spread of antibiotic resistant strains is a major threat to public health. s. typhimurium is commonly identified in a wide range of animal hosts, food sources, and environments, but little is known about the factors mediating the spread of antibiotic resistance i ... | 2013 | 23796925 |
| ingress of salmonella enterica typhimurium into tomato leaves through hydathodes. | internal contamination of salmonella in plants is attracting increasing attention for food safety reasons. in this study, three different tomato cultivars "florida lanai", "crown jewel", "ailsa craig" and the transgenic line sp5 of "ailsa craig" were inoculated with 1 µl gfp-labeled salmonella typhimurium through guttation droplets at concentrations of 10(9) or 10(7) cfu/ml. survival of salmonella on/in tomato leaves was detected by both direct plating and enrichment methods. salmonella cells su ... | 2013 | 23320087 |
| transmission and retention of salmonella enterica by phytophagous hemipteran insects. | several pest insects of human and livestock habitations are known as vectors of salmonella enterica; however, the role of plant-feeding insects as vectors of s. enterica to agricultural crops remains unexamined. using a hemipteran insect pest-lettuce system, we investigated the potential for transmission and retention of s. enterica. specifically, macrosteles quadrilineatus and myzus persicae insects were fed s. enterica-inoculated lettuce leaf discs or artificial liquid diets confined in parafi ... | 2014 | 24973069 |
| structure, diversity, and mobility of the salmonella pathogenicity island 7 family of integrative and conjugative elements within enterobacteriaceae. | integrative and conjugative elements (ices) are self-mobile genetic elements found in the genomes of some bacteria. these elements may confer a fitness advantage upon their host bacteria through the cargo genes that they carry. salmonella pathogenicity island 7 (spi-7), found within some pathogenic strains of salmonella enterica, possesses features indicative of an ice and carries genes implicated in virulence. we aimed to identify and fully analyze ices related to spi-7 within the genus salmone ... | 2012 | 22247511 |
| the tip of the tail needle affects the rate of dna delivery by bacteriophage p22. | the p22-like bacteriophages have short tails. their virions bind to their polysaccharide receptors through six trimeric tailspike proteins that surround the tail tip. these short tails also have a trimeric needle protein that extends beyond the tailspikes from the center of the tail tip, in a position that suggests that it should make first contact with the host's outer membrane during the infection process. the base of the needle serves as a plug that keeps the dna in the virion, but role of th ... | 2013 | 23951045 |
| mapping and regulation of genes within salmonella pathogenicity island 12 that contribute to in vivo fitness of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | salmonella pathogenicity island 12 (spi-12) of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a 15-kb region that encompasses genes stm2230 to stm2245 and encodes a remnant phage known to contribute to bacterial virulence. in mouse infection experiments and replication assays in macrophages, we demonstrated a role for four genes in spi-12 for bacterial survival in the host. stm2239, a potential q antiterminator, showed a prominent contribution to bacterial fitness. transcriptional reporter experimen ... | 2013 | 23630960 |
| dsba and mgrb regulate stea expression through the two-component system phoq/phop in salmonella enterica. | stea is a protein that can be translocated into host cells through the two virulence-related type iii secretion systems that are present in salmonella enterica. we used the t-pop system to carry out general screens for loci that exhibited activation or repression of a stea::lacz fusion. these screens identified the histidine kinase phoq and the response regulator phop as positive regulators of stea. transcription of this gene is σ70 dependent, and the promoter of stea contains a phop-binding sit ... | 2013 | 23504014 |
| contribution of the salmonella enterica kdgr regulon to persistence of the pathogen in vegetable soft rots. | during their colonization of plants, human enteric pathogens, such as salmonella enterica, are known to benefit from interactions with phytopathogens. at least in part, benefits derived by salmonella from the association with a soft rot caused by pectobacterium carotovorum were shown to be dependent on salmonella kdgr, a regulator of genes involved in the uptake and utilization of carbon sources derived from the degradation of plant polymers. a salmonella kdgr mutant was more fit in soft rots bu ... | 2016 | 26682862 |
| evolution of the metabolic and regulatory networks associated with oxygen availability in two phytopathogenic enterobacteria. | dickeya dadantii and pectobacterium atrosepticum are phytopathogenic enterobacteria capable of facultative anaerobic growth in a wide range of o2 concentrations found in plant and natural environments. the transcriptional response to o2 remains under-explored for these and other phytopathogenic enterobacteria although it has been well characterized for animal-associated genera including escherichia coli and salmonella enterica. knowledge of the extent of conservation of the transcriptional respo ... | 2012 | 22439737 |
| characterization of salmonella type iii secretion hyper-activity which results in biofilm-like cell aggregation. | we have previously reported the cloning of the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium spi-1 secretion system and the use of this clone to functionally complement a δspi-1 strain for type iii secretion activity. in the current study, we discovered that s. typhimurium cultures containing cloned spi-1 display an adherent biofilm and cell clumps in the media. this phenotype was associated with hyper-expression of spi-1 type iii secretion functions. the biofilm and cell clumps were associated with c ... | 2012 | 22412985 |
| mapping the aetiology of non-malarial febrile illness in southeast asia through a systematic review--terra incognita impairing treatment policies. | an increasing use of point of care diagnostic tests that exclude malaria, coupled with a declining malaria burden in many endemic countries, is highlighting the lack of ability of many health systems to manage other causes of febrile disease. a lack of knowledge of distribution of these pathogens, and a lack of screening and point-of-care diagnostics to identify them, prevents effective management of these generally treatable contributors to disease burden. while prospective data collection is v ... | 2012 | 22970193 |
| transcriptional specialization of human dendritic cell subsets in response to microbial vaccines. | the mechanisms by which microbial vaccines interact with human apcs remain elusive. herein, we describe the transcriptional programs induced in human dcs by pathogens, innate receptor ligands and vaccines. exposure of dcs to influenza, salmonella enterica and staphylococcus aureus allows us to build a modular framework containing 204 transcript clusters. we use this framework to characterize the responses of human monocytes, monocyte-derived dcs and blood dc subsets to 13 vaccines. different vac ... | 2014 | 25335753 |
| travel-acquired infections and illnesses in canadians: surveillance report from cantravnet surveillance data, 2009-2011. | important knowledge gaps exist in our understanding of migration medicine practice and the impact of pathogens imported by canadian travellers. we present here a comprehensive, canada-specific surveillance summary of illness in a cohort of returned canadian travellers and new immigrants. | 2014 | 25009682 |
| activation of rida chaperone function by n-chlorination. | escherichia coli rida is a member of a structurally conserved, yet functionally highly diverse protein family involved in translation inhibition (human), hsp90-like chaperone activity (fruit fly) and enamine/imine deamination (salmonella enterica). here, we show that e. coli rida modified with hocl acts as a highly effective chaperone. although activation of rida is reversed by treatment with dtt, ascorbic acid, the thioredoxin system and glutathione, it is independent of cysteine modification. ... | 2014 | 25517874 |
| polyfunctional cd4+ t cell responses to immunodominant epitopes correlate with disease activity of virulent salmonella. | salmonella enterica serovars are intracellular bacteria capable of causing typhoid fever and gastroenteritis of significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. current prophylactic and therapeutic treatment is hampered by the emergence of multidrug-resistant (mdr) strains of salmonella, and vaccines provide only temporal and partial protection in vaccinees. to develop more effective salmonella vaccines, it is important to understand the development of protective adaptive immunity to virulent salm ... | 2012 | 22912884 |
| curli synthesis and biofilm formation in enteric bacteria are controlled by a dynamic small rna module made up of a pseudoknot assisted by an rna chaperone. | rydc pseudoknot aided by hfq is a dynamic regulatory module. we report that rydc reduces expression of curli-specific gene d transcription factor required for adhesion and biofilm production in enterobacteria. during curli formation, csgd messenger rna (mrna) synthesis increases when endogenous levels of rydc are lacking. in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica, stimulation of rydc expression also reduces biofilm formation by impairing curli synthesis. inducing rydc early on in growth lowers ... | 2014 | 24489123 |
| survival of salmonella enterica in poultry feed is strain dependent. | feed components have low water activity, making bacterial survival difficult. the mechanisms of salmonella survival in feed and subsequent colonization of poultry are unknown. the purpose of this research was to compare the ability of salmonella serovars and strains to survive in broiler feed and to evaluate molecular mechanisms associated with survival and colonization by measuring the expression of genes associated with colonization (hila, inva) and survival via fatty acid synthesis (cfa, faba ... | 0 | 24570467 |
| salmonella enterica biofilm-mediated dispersal by nitric oxide donors in association with cellulose nanocrystal hydrogels. | protected by extracellular polymers, microbes within biofilms are significantly more resistant to disinfectants. current research has been instrumental in identifying nitric oxide donors and hydrogels as potential disinfectant additives. nitric oxide (no) donors are considered a very promising molecule as biofilm dispersal agents and hydrogels have recently attracted a lot of interest due to their biocompatible properties and ability to form stable thin films. when the no donor mahma nonoate was ... | 2015 | 26020015 |
| immunogenicity of recombinant proteins consisting of plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein allelic variant-derived epitopes fused with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium flagellin. | a plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (csp)-based recombinant fusion vaccine is the first malaria vaccine to reach phase iii clinical trials. resistance to infection correlated with the production of antibodies to the immunodominant central repeat region of the csp. in contrast to p. falciparum, vaccine development against the csp of plasmodium vivax malaria is far behind. based on this gap in our knowledge, we generated a recombinant chimeric protein containing the immunodominant cen ... | 2013 | 23863502 |
| a constitutively mannose-sensitive agglutinating salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strain, carrying a transposon in the fimbrial usher gene stbc, exhibits multidrug resistance and flagellated phenotypes. | static broth culture favors salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium to produce type 1 fimbriae, while solid agar inhibits its expression. a transposon inserted in stbc, which would encode an usher for stb fimbriae of a non-flagellar salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium lb5010 strain, conferred it to agglutinate yeast cells on both cultures. rt-pcr revealed that the expression of the fimbrial subunit gene fima, and fimz, a regulatory gene of fima, were both incr ... | 2012 | 22654583 |
| systematic analysis of the ability of nitric oxide donors to dislodge biofilms formed by salmonella enterica and escherichia coli o157:h7. | biofilms in the industrial environment could be problematic. encased in extracellular polymeric substances, pathogens within biofilms are significantly more resistant to chlorine and other disinfectants. recent studies suggest that compounds capable of manipulating nitric oxide-mediated signaling in bacteria could induce dispersal of sessile bacteria and provide a foundation for novel approaches to controlling biofilms formed by some microorganisms. in this work, we compared the ability of five ... | 2014 | 24995149 |
| development of an avirulent salmonella surrogate for modeling pathogen behavior in pre- and postharvest environments. | recurrent outbreaks of bacterial gastroenteritis linked to the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables highlight the paucity of understanding of the ecology of salmonella enterica under crop production and postharvest conditions. these gaps in knowledge are due, at least in part, to the lack of suitable surrogate organisms for studies for which biosafety level 2 is problematic. therefore, we constructed and validated an avirulent strain of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. the strain l ... | 2016 | 27129962 |
| three-dimensional structure of a protozoal double-stranded rna virus that infects the enteric pathogen giardia lamblia. | giardia lamblia virus (glv) is a small, nonenveloped, nonsegmented double-stranded rna (dsrna) virus infecting giardia lamblia, the most common protozoan pathogen of the human intestine and a major agent of waterborne diarrheal disease worldwide. glv (genus giardiavirus) is a member of family totiviridae, along with several other groups of protozoal or fungal viruses, including leishmania rna viruses and trichomonas vaginalis viruses. interestingly, glv is more closely related than other totivir ... | 2014 | 25378500 |
| live vaccination tactics: possible approaches for controlling visceral leishmaniasis. | vaccination with durable immunity is the main goal and fundamental to control leishmaniasis. to stimulate the immune response, small numbers of parasites are necessary to be presented in the mammalian host. similar to natural course of infection, strategy using live vaccine is more attractive when compared to other approaches. live vaccines present the whole spectrum of antigens to the host immune system in the absence of any adjuvant. leishmanization was the first effort for live vaccination an ... | 2014 | 24744757 |
| mapping polyclonal antibody responses to bacterial infection using next generation phage display. | mapping polyclonal antibody responses to infectious diseases to identify individual epitopes has the potential to underpin the development of novel serological assays and vaccines. here, phage-peptide library panning coupled with screening using next generation sequencing was used to map antibody responses to bacterial infections. in the first instance, pigs experimentally infected with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium was investigated. igg samples from twelve infected pigs were probed in ... | 2016 | 27072017 |
| antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase activities of plant seed extracts from brazilian semiarid region. | the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase activities of ethanolic seed extracts of twenty-one plant species from brazilian semiarid region were investigated. the extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity against six bacteria strains and three yeasts. six extracts presented activity against the gram (-) organism salmonella choleraesuis and the gram (+) organisms staphylococcus aureus and bacillus subtilis. the mic values ranged from 4.96 to 37.32 mg/ml. the triplaris gardnerian ... | 2013 | 24386637 |
| temperature and oxygen dependent metabolite utilization by salmonella enterica serovars derby and mbandaka. | salmonella enterica is a zoonotic pathogen of clinical and veterinary significance, with over 2500 serovars. in previous work we compared two serovars displaying host associations inferred from isolation statistics. here, to validate genome sequence data and to expand on the role of environmental metabolite constitution in host range determination we use a phenotypic microarray approach to assess the ability of these serovars to metabolise ~500 substrates at 25°c with oxygen (aerobic conditions) ... | 2015 | 25798944 |
| transcription networks responsible for early regulation of salmonella-induced inflammation in the jejunum of pigs. | the aim of this study was to identify transcription factors/regulators that play a crucial role in steering the (innate) immune response shortly (within a few hours) after the first contact of the intestinal mucosa with an inflammatory mediator, and to test whether the processes regulated by these factors/regulators can be modulated by chemical substances of natural origin. | 2013 | 23590759 |
| proteomic analysis of egg white heparin-binding proteins: towards the identification of natural antibacterial molecules. | the chicken egg resists most environmental microbes suggesting that it potentially contains efficient antimicrobial molecules. considering that some heparin-binding proteins in mammals are antibacterial, we investigated the presence and the antimicrobial activity of heparin-binding proteins from chicken egg white. mass spectrometry analysis of the proteins recovered after heparin-affinity chromatography, revealed 20 proteins, including known antimicrobial proteins (avidin, lysozyme, tenp, ovalbu ... | 2016 | 27294500 |
| identification of bapa in strains of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolated from wild animals kept in captivity in sinaloa, mexico. | bapa, previously named stm2689, encodes the bapa protein, which, along with cellulose and fimbriae, constitutes biofilms. biofilms are communities of microorganisms that grow in a matrix of exopolysaccharides and may adhere to living tissues or inert surfaces. biofilm formation is associated with the ability to persist in different environments, which contributes to the pathogenicity of several species. we analyzed the presence of bapa in 83 strains belonging to 17 serovars of salmonella enteric ... | 2016 | 27379195 |
| pathogenic enterobacteria in lemurs associated with anthropogenic disturbance. | as human population density continues to increase exponentially, speeding the reduction and fragmentation of primate habitat, greater human-primate contact is inevitable, making higher rates of pathogen transmission likely. anthropogenic effects are particularly evident in madagascar, where a diversity of endemic lemur species are threatened by rapid habitat loss. despite these risks, knowledge of how anthropogenic activities affect lemur exposure to pathogens is limited. to improve our understa ... | 2014 | 25328106 |
| antisense transcription is pervasive but rarely conserved in enteric bacteria. | noncoding rnas, including antisense rnas (asrnas) that originate from the complementary strand of protein-coding genes, are involved in the regulation of gene expression in all domains of life. recent application of deep-sequencing technologies has revealed that the transcription of asrnas occurs genome-wide in bacteria. although the role of the vast majority of asrnas remains unknown, it is often assumed that their presence implies important regulatory functions, similar to those of other nonco ... | 2012 | 22872780 |
| genome sequence of salmonella enterica phage det7. | det7 is a myoviridae bacteriophage that gains entry into its salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium host cells by adsorbing to o-antigen polysaccharide. we report here the complete 157,498-bp sequence of its genome. det7, together with its vi01-like relatives, are distantly related to phage t4. | 2015 | 25953168 |
| virulence and stress-related periplasmic protein (visp) in bacterial/host associations. | gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane containing lps. lps is constituted of an oligosaccharide portion and a lipid-a moiety that embeds this molecule within the outer membrane. lps is a pathogen-associated molecular pattern, and several pathogens modify their lipid-a as a stealth strategy to avoid recognition by the innate immune system and gain resistance to host factors that disrupt the bacterial cell envelope. an essential feature of salmonella enterica typhimurium pathogenesis is its ... | 2013 | 23302685 |
| recent findings about the yersinia enterocolitica phage shock protein response. | the phage shock protein (psp) system is a conserved extracytoplasmic stress response in bacteria that is essential for virulence of the human pathogen yersinia enterocolitica. this article summarizes some recent findings about y. enterocolitica psp system function. increased psp gene expression requires the transcription factor pspf, but under non-inducing conditions pspf is inhibited by an interaction with another protein, pspa, in the cytoplasm. a psp-inducing stimulus causes pspa to relocate ... | 2012 | 22367931 |
| characterization of mannanase from bacillus circulans nt 6.7 and its application in mannooligosaccharides preparation as prebiotic. | this study focused on the characterization of mannanase from bacillus circulans nt 6.7 for mannooligosaccharides (mos) production. the enzyme from b. circulans nt 6.7 was produced using defatted copra meal as a carbon source. the mannanase was purified by ultrafiltration and column chromatography of q-sepharose. the purified protein (m1) was a dimeric protein with a 40 kda subunit. the purified m1 exhibited optimum ph and temperature at ph 6.0 and 60 °c, respectively. it was activated by mn(2+,) ... | 2015 | 26697281 |
| host-mediated sugar oxidation promotes post-antibiotic pathogen expansion. | changes in the gut microbiota may underpin many human diseases, but the mechanisms that are responsible for altering microbial communities remain poorly understood. antibiotic usage elevates the risk of contracting gastroenteritis caused by salmonella enterica serovars, increases the duration for which patients shed the pathogen in their faeces, and may on occasion produce a bacteriologic and symptomatic relapse. these antibiotic-induced changes in the gut microbiota can be studied in mice, in w ... | 2016 | 27309805 |
| a phylogenetic and phenotypic analysis of salmonella enterica serovar weltevreden, an emerging agent of diarrheal disease in tropical regions. | salmonella enterica serovar weltevreden (s. weltevreden) is an emerging cause of diarrheal and invasive disease in humans residing in tropical regions. despite the regional and international emergence of this salmonella serovar, relatively little is known about its genetic diversity, genomics or virulence potential in model systems. here we used whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics analyses to define the phylogenetic structure of a diverse global selection of s. weltevreden. phylogenetic a ... | 2016 | 26867150 |
| physico-cultural parameters during agnps biotransformation with bactericidal activity against human pathogens. | production of agnps with desired morphologies and surface characteristics using facile, economic and non-laborious processes is highly imperative. cell extract based syntheses are emerging as a novel technique for the production of diverse forms of nps, and is assured to meet the requirements. therefore, in order to have a better understanding, and to improvise and gain control over the nps morphological and surface characteristics, the present investigation systematically evaluates the influenc ... | 2017 | 28284311 |
| the role of universal stress proteins in bacterial infections. | universal stress proteins are ubiquitously expressed in bacteria, archaea and plants and other eukaryotes. a general property of usps is their role in adaptation of bacteria to oxidative stress, high temperature, low ph and/or hypoxia. there is increasing evidence that these proteins facilitate the adaption of bacterial pathogens to the human host environment, thereby facilitating colonisation and pathogenicity. usps in mycobacterium tuberculosis are well studied and may play a role in latency o ... | 2017 | 28120710 |
| inhibition of salmonella enterica biofilm formation using small-molecule adenosine mimetics. | biofilms have been widely implicated in chronic infections and environmental persistence of salmonella enterica, facilitating enhanced colonization of surfaces and increasing the ability of the bacteria to be transmitted to new hosts. salmonella enterica serovar typhi biofilm formation on gallstones from humans and mice enhances gallbladder colonization and bacterial shedding, while salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium biofilms facilitate long-term persistence in a number of environments impo ... | 2015 | 25313216 |
| evaluation of gram-negative bacterial infection by a stable and conjugative bioluminescence plasmid in a mouse model. | the green fluorescence protein (gfp)-associated fluorescence method and the luciferase-associated bioluminescence method are the two major methods for ivis imaging system to investigate the bacterial infection in animal models. the aim of this study was to evaluate the infection route of gram-negative bacteria carrying a stable and broad range of conjugative bioluminescence plasmid pse-lux1 in a mouse model. | 2014 | 25135473 |
| lethal synergy involving bicyclomycin: an approach for reviving old antibiotics. | one way to address the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance is to revive old compounds that may have intrinsic lethal activity that is obscured by protective factors. bicyclomycin is an old inhibitor of the rho transcription terminator that by itself shows little rapid lethal activity. however, bicyclomycin participates in bacteriostatic synergy, which raises the possibility that conditions for lethal synergy may exist, perhaps through a suppression of protective factors. | 2014 | 25085655 |
| a broad-spectrum antibiofilm peptide enhances antibiotic action against bacterial biofilms. | biofilm-related infections account for at least 65% of all human infections, but there are no available antimicrobials that specifically target biofilms. their elimination by available treatments is inefficient since biofilm cells are between 10- and 1,000-fold more resistant to conventional antibiotics than planktonic cells. here we describe the synergistic interactions, with different classes of antibiotics, of a recently characterized antibiofilm peptide, 1018, to potently prevent and eradica ... | 2014 | 24982074 |
| phosphinothricin acetyltransferases identified using in vivo, in vitro, and bioinformatic analyses. | acetylation of small molecules is widespread in nature, and in some cases, cells use this process to detoxify harmful chemicals. streptomyces species utilize a gcn5 n-acetyltransferase (gnat), known as bar, to acetylate and detoxify a self-produced toxin, phosphinothricin (ppt), a glutamate analogue. bar homologues, such as mdda from salmonella enterica, acetylate methionine analogues such as methionine sulfoximine (msx) and methionine sulfone (mso), but not ppt, even though bar homologues are a ... | 2016 | 27694229 |
| aerobic bacterial microbiota isolated from the cloaca of the european pond turtle (emys orbicularis) in poland. | we conducted a comparative analysis of the aerobic cloacal bacteria of european pond turtles (emys orbicularis) living in their natural environment and juvenile turtles reared under controlled conditions in a breeding center. we included 130 turtles in the study. the aerobic bacteria isolated from the cloaca of the juvenile turtles were less diverse and more prevalent than the bacteria isolated from free-living adults. we isolated 17 bacterial species from juvenile captive turtles, among which t ... | 2015 | 25380369 |
| dietary myrtle (myrtus communis l.) improved non-specific immune parameters and bactericidal activity of skin mucus in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. | the present study examined the effects of dietary myrtle (myrtus communis l.) on non-specific immune parameters and bactericidal activity of skin mucus in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. three hundred and sixty fingerlings (6.50 ± 0.55 g (were distributed in twelve cages (65 × 65 × 65 cm) with a metal framework. the study included four treatments repeated in triplicates. the treatments were feeding trouts with experimental diets containing different levels (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5%) o ... | 2017 | 28330807 |
| application of edible coating with starch and carvacrol in minimally processed pumpkin. | the present study evaluated the effect of an edible coating of cassava starch and carvacrol in minimally processed pumpkin (mpp). the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of carvacrol against escherichia coli, salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium, aeromonas hydrophila, and staphylococcus aureus was determined. the edible coating that contained carvacrol at the mic and 2 × mic was applied to mpp, and effects were evaluated with regard to the survival of experimentally inoculated bacteria an ... | 2016 | 27413224 |
| antimicrobial peptide, hdmolluscidin, purified from the gill of the abalone, haliotis discus. | a 4.7 kda antimicrobial peptide was purified from the acidified gill extract of the abalone, haliotis discus, by cation-exchange and c18 reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (hplc). comparison of the amino acid sequences and molecular weight of this peptide with those of other known antimicrobial peptides revealed that this antimicrobial peptide have high sequence homology with that of cgmolluscidin and was designated hdmolluscidin. hdmolluscidin is composed of 46 amino acid res ... | 2016 | 27033467 |
| a novel antimicrobial peptide derived from fish goose type lysozyme disrupts the membrane of salmonella enterica. | in aquaculture, accumulation of antibiotics resulted in development of resistance among bacterial pathogens. consequently, it became mandatory to find alternative to synthetic antibiotics. antimicrobial peptides (amps) which are described as evolutionary ancient weapons have been considered as promising alternates in recent years. in this study, a novel antimicrobial peptide had been derived from goose type lysozyme (lyzg) which was identified from the cdna library of freshwater fish channa stri ... | 2015 | 26477736 |
| photodynamic inactivation mediated by erythrosine and its derivatives on foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria. | the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic inactivation (pdi) mediated by erythrosine (ery) and its ester derivatives erythrosine methyl ester (erymet) and erythrosine butyl ester (erybut) on foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria. we evaluated staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923, aeromonas hydrophila atcc 7966, salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium atcc 14028, escherichia coli atcc 25922, and pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 27853. the toxicity of all of the com ... | 2015 | 25925153 |
| [sensitivity of three inmunocromathographic tests in faeces samples for campylobacter and salmonella detection in comparison to culture]. | introduction: campylobacter sp. and salmonella enterica are two of the main organisms causing gastroenteritis in our environment. immunochromatographic tests for antigen detection performed directly on stool samples for its simplicity and rapid results may make them useful diagnostic elements in the context of primary care. | 2014 | 24940890 |
| synthesis and anti-microbial potencies of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-alkylimidazolium chloride ionic liquids: microbial viabilities at different ionic liquids concentrations. | three 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-alkylimidazolium chloride room temperature ionic liquids (ils) [2ohimc(n)][cl]; (n=0, 1, 4) have been synthesized from the appropriate imidazole precursors and characterized by ir and nmr spectroscopies and elemental analysis. their anti-microbial activities were investigated using the well-diffusion method. the viabilities of escherichia coli, aeromonas hydrophila, listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enterica as a function of il concentrations were studied. the mini ... | 2013 | 23107478 |
| screening of microbial contamination and antimicrobial activity of sea cucumber holothuria polii. | microbiological studies were carried out on microbial contamination and antimicrobial activity of sea cucumber holothuria polii collected from mediterranean sea at abu-kir shore of alexandria, egypt. the obtained results revealed the presence of isolates of five human gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, representing five genera were identified to species level, including, esherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella sp. and shigella sp. in addition, an yeast candida ... | 2013 | 22653870 |
| structural characterization of the plig lysozyme inhibitor family. | several gram-negative bacteria protect themselves against the lytic action of host lysozymes by producing specific proteinaceous inhibitors. so far, four different families of lysozyme inhibitors have been identified including ivy (inhibitor of vertebrate lysozyme), mlic/plic (membrane associated/periplasmic inhibitor of c-type lysozyme), plii and plig (periplasmic inhibitors of i- and g-type lysozymes, respectively). here we provide the first crystallographic description of the plig family. cry ... | 2012 | 22634186 |
| emergence and stability of high-pressure resistance in different food-borne pathogens. | high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) processing is becoming a valuable nonthermal food pasteurization technique, although there is reasonable concern that bacterial hhp resistance could compromise the safety and stability of hhp-processed foods. while the degree of natural hhp resistance has already been shown to vary greatly among and within bacterial species, a still unresolved question remains as to what extent different food-borne pathogens can actually develop hhp resistance. in this study, we t ... | 2012 | 22344661 |
| diversity of antibiotic-resistance genes in canadian isolates of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida: dominance of psn254b and discovery of pasa8. | the bacterium aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is a common pathogen in fish farms worldwide. since the antibiotic resistance of this bacterial species is on the increase, it is important to have a broader view on this issue. in the present study, we tested the presence of known plasmids conferring multi-drug resistance as well as antibiotic resistance genes by a pcr approach in 100 canadian a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida isolates. our study highlighted the dominance of the conjugative ... | 2016 | 27752114 |
| the selectable antibiotic marker, teta(c), increases pseudomonas aeruginosa susceptibility to the herbicide/superoxide generator, paraquat. | the presence of the widely used selectable antibiotic marker, teta(c), unexpectedly increased the sensitivity of pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1 to the superoxide-generating herbicide, paraquat. a dna fragment spanning the first 99 amino acids of teta(c) was sufficient to confer paraquat sensitivity. the teta(c)-induced paraquat sensitive phenotype was observed in other gram-negative bacteria such as agrobacterium tumefaciens, salmonella enterica ser. typhimurium and xanthomonas campestris suggestin ... | 2013 | 23907582 |
| ssef, a type iii effector protein from the mammalian pathogen salmonella enterica, requires resistance-gene-mediated signalling to activate cell death in the model plant nicotiana benthamiana. | type iii effector proteins (t3es) of many gram-negative pathogenic bacteria manipulate highly conserved cellular processes, indicating conservation in virulence mechanisms during the infection of hosts of divergent evolutionary origin. in order to identify conserved effector functions, we used a cross-kingdom approach in which we expressed selected t3es from the mammalian pathogen salmonella enterica in leaves of nicotiana benthamiana and searched for possible virulence or avirulence phenotypes. ... | 2012 | 22471508 |
| aneurysm of the cranial mesenteric artery as a site of carriage of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar abortusequi in the horse. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar abortusequi is a pathogen restricted to horses. our investigation targeted 4 draft horses (9-10 months old) kept on a japanese farm that had suffered an outbreak of s. abortusequi abortion. the 4 horses were suspected to be carriers of the bacterium owing to their high agglutination titers (≥1:2,560) in tube agglutination testing. the owners' on-farm observations confirmed that the horses had no apparent abnormalities, and s. abortusequi was not isolat ... | 2016 | 27271985 |
| co-occurrence of free-living protozoa and foodborne pathogens on dishcloths: implications for food safety. | in the present study, the occurrence of free-living protozoa (flp) and foodborne bacterial pathogens on dishcloths was investigated. dishcloths form a potentially important source of cross-contamination with flp and foodborne pathogens in food-related environments. first various protocols for recovering and quantifying flp from dishcloths were assessed. the stomacher technique is recommended to recover flagellates and amoebae from dishcloths. ciliates, however, were more efficiently recovered us ... | 2014 | 25260173 |
| arcobacter butzleri induces a pro-inflammatory response in thp-1 derived macrophages and has limited ability for intracellular survival. | recent case reports have identified arcobacter (a.) butzleri to be another emerging pathogen of the family campylobacteraceae causing foodborne diseases. however, little is known about its interaction with the human immune system. as macrophages act as first defense against bacterial infections, we studied for the first time the impact of a. butzleri on human macrophages using thp-1 derived macrophages as an in vitro infection model. our investigations considered the inflammatory response, intra ... | 2014 | 25245281 |
| inactivation of pathogens in feces by desiccation and urea treatment for application in urine-diverting dry toilets. | ecological sanitation technologies can be effective in providing health and environmental pollution control if they can efficiently reduce the pathogenicity of microorganisms carried in fecal material to safe levels. this study evaluated the sanitizing effects of different additives for dry treatment of feces from urine-diverting dry toilets, based on inactivation of enterococcus faecalis, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, bacteriophages ms2 and φx, and ascaris suum. the additives, ash (a ... | 2013 | 23335764 |
| biological activity of the essential oils from cinnamodendron dinisii and siparuna guianensis. | this study had analyzed the antibacterial, antifungal and trypanocidal activity of the essential oils from cinnamodendron dinisii schwacke (canellaceae) and siparuna guianensis aublet (siparunaceae). the essential oils were obtained from fresh leaves by hydrodistillation, using a modified clevenger apparatus. chemical analysis by gas-liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (gc-ms) showed that these essential oils are rich in monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. activity against ... | 2015 | 26221107 |
| beeswax: a minireview of its antimicrobial activity and its application in medicine. | beeswax is the substance that forms the structure of a honeycomb; the bees secrete wax to build the honeycombs where to store honey. thanks to its rich hydrophobic protective properties, the beeswax is in fact present within cosmetics and body products. also, beeswax is used in the food industry: as a film to wrap cheese for maturing or as a food additive (e901) to give shine to the products. exactly as the honey which it contains, beeswax is also characterized by several therapeutic properties ... | 2016 | 27633295 |
| three phoma spp. synthesised novel silver nanoparticles that possess excellent antimicrobial efficacy. | the authors report extracellular mycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) by phoma capsulatum, phoma putaminum and phoma citri. the agnps thus synthesised were characterised by uv-visible spectrophotometer, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nanosight lm20 and transmission electron microscopy, which confirmed the synthesis of mostly spherical and polydisperse nanoparticles capped with proteins. the size of agnps was found in the range of 10-80 , 5-80 and 5-90 nm with an average size o ... | 2015 | 26435281 |
| mechanistic aspects of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles against food- and water-borne microbes. | in the present study, silver nanoparticles (agnps) synthesized from aqueous leaves extract of malva crispa and their mode of interaction with food- and water-borne microbes were investigated. formation of agnps was conformed through uv-vis, fe-sem, eds, afm, and hr-tem analyses. further the concentration of silver (ag) in the reaction mixture was conformed through icp-ms analysis. different concentration of nanoparticles (1-3 mm) tested to know the inhibitory effect of bacterial pathogens such a ... | 2015 | 26178241 |