| adaptation to water stress in wheat. | three experiments were designed to investigate to what extent adaptation to water stress take place. wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. kolibri) was grown in water culture at constant temperature, air humidity, and light intensity. when the plants were 16 days old, the potential of the root medium (ψr ) was lowered by 1 bar every second day by means of polyethyleneglycol 1500 down to -4 or -7 bar and then remained at these levels. as a control one experiment was grown at -0.7 bar. by regression it ... | 1976 | 28869300 |
| determination of the chromosomal location of a glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase structural gene using triticum-agropyron translocations. | the glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (got) zymogram phenotypes of a series of 15 translocation lines, a chromosome addition line and a chromosome substitution line were determined. in each of the translocation lines a segment of the long arm of triticum aestivum chromosome 3d has been replaced by a portion of an agropyron elongatum homoeologue. evidence was obtained that the products of the t. aestivum got-3 triplicate structural gene set randomly dimerize with the product of the homoeologous ... | 1976 | 17248708 |
| amino acid composition of the endosperm free amino acids and proteins from a maturing common wheat and its extracted tetraploid. | | 2008 | 1270689 |
| swelling and contraction of mitochondria from cold-hardened and nonhardened wheat and rye seedlings. | a comparison of mitochondria isolated from 2 and 24 c grown winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and winter rye (secale cereale l.) seedlings revealed no correlation between changes in swelling and contraction characteristics and extent of cold hardiness. the swelling response changed markedly due to growth at low temperature, but the change was similar for the four cultivars examined. the swelling response was also observed to change rapidly during aging of isolated mitochondria, either at 2 or ... | 1976 | 16659507 |
| [synthesis of analogues of acetohydroxam lacetic acid with phytotoxic activity]. | syntheses, spectroscopic data and phytotoxic activities of some n-acyl-o-alkylhydroxylamines, similar in structure to the natural compoud, methyl acetohydroxamyl acetate, are reported. many of synthesized compounds show strong growth-inhibiting activity on both roots and coleoptiles of triticum vulgare seedlings. | 1976 | 1253963 |
| wheat protein. | results from aid-supported nebraska research to improve the nutritional quality of wheat indicate that substantial genetic variation for grain protein content exists in wheat. experimental lines with 5% higher protein in their grain than ordinary varieties have been selected from a high-protein x high-protein cross. genetic variablity for lysine in wheat grain is limited. the genetic component of total lysine variability among 12,6000 wheats in the usda world collection was only 0.5%. genetic in ... | 2013 | 1032110 |
| diallel analysis of four agronomic traits in common wheat. | the common wheat cultivars aköz, florence, mentana, jaral, and siete cerros were crossed in 1972 in all possible combinations excluding reciprocals. in 1972--1973 the f1 hybrids and the five parents were field grown at bornova in randomized complete blocks. the characters studied were plant height, spike length, 1000-kernel weight, and plant yield. the analysis of data showed that (a) with respect to plant height and 1000-kernel weight all f1 combinations deviated from the corresponding midparen ... | 2008 | 1032104 |
| heritability estimates from four generations of a diallel cross of common wheat. | the heritabilities of 10 quantitative characters were studied on f1, f2, backcross, and selfed backcross generations of a five-parent diallel cross of common wheat grown at two locations. from this study it was found that (a) most of the characters in question were highly heritable, (b) the heritabilities estimated by regression and variance component methods were more or less the same (r=0.84** to 0.95**), and (c) the heritability of some characters was affected by location or by generation; in ... | 2008 | 1032103 |
| evaluation of branched ear derivatives of triticum aestivum l. | the branched spikes of triticum turgidum l. have a potential of producing a high number of kernels. some of the selected lines of t. turgidum yielded up to 150 kernels per spike as compared to 60--70 kernels per spike in the common wheat cultivar chenab-70. the best of these lines were crossed with the common wheats chenab-70, mexipak, and c-271. among the lines obtained by selection from the advanced generations of the t. turgidum x chenab-70 cross, some are similar to chenab-70 with respect to ... | 2002 | 1032097 |
| analysis of the genome of plants. ii. characterization of repetitive dna in barley (hordeum vulgare) and wheat (triticum aestivum). | barley and wheat dnas have been characterized by studying their kinetics of reassociation, melting properties and sedimentation behaviour in neutral cscl gradients as well as in cs2so4 gradients containing ag+ or hg2+. in both species, reassociation kinetics have revealed the presence of approx. 76% redundant nucleotide sequences which have been grouped into very rapidly reassociating (cot 0-0.01), rapidly reassociating (cot 0.01-1.0) and slowly reassociating (cot 1-100) fractions. the barley co ... | 1976 | 1247616 |
| rhythmic increase in dna content and incorporation of [(3)h]thymidine in the developing wheat embryo during seed germination. | the dna content and incorporation of [(3)h]thymidine into dna have been studied during the development of triticum aestivum (l.) embryo at various stages of seed germination up to 102 h (18°c). the dna content of the embryos increased in a rhythmic way, when superimposed on an increasing basal content of dna from 12 h onwards of germination. a temporary depression in dna content was observed before the peaks of cell division (which has earlier been published by the author). the peaks of [(3)h]th ... | 1976 | 24430821 |
| source, sink and hormonal control of translocation in wheat. | an analysis of the pattern of movement of (14)c-labelled flag leaf assimilates in wheat (triticum aestivum l. c.v. gabo) during grain development, indicated that the greater the requirement for assimilates by the ear the more rapid was the speed of movement of these through the peduncle to the ear and also the lower their concentration. experiments with [(14)c] indoleacetic acid ([(14)c]iaa) suggested that auxin production by the grains was not responsible for the control of assimilate transloca ... | 1976 | 24430683 |
| nitrate influx and efflux by intact wheat seedlings: effects of prior nitrate nutrition. | wheat (triticum vulgare l., cv. blueboy) seedlings, grown with 0.25, 1.0 and 15 mm nitrate in complete nutrient solutions, were transferred 10 days after germination to 1.0 mm k(15)no3 (∼99 a% (15)n) plus 0.1 mm caso4 at ph 6.0. the solutions were replaced periodically over a 6-h period (5 mw cm(-2); 23°). changes in the [(15)n]- and [(14)n]nitrate in the solution were determined by nitrate reductase and mass-spectrometric procedures and potassium by flame photometry. influx of [(15)n]nitrate wa ... | 1976 | 24424992 |
| abscisic acid in developing wheat grains and its relationship to grain growth and maturation. | during the later stages of growth of grains of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cvs. ww15 and gabo) there is a dramatic increase (up to 40fold) in the content of abscisic acid (aba) to 4-6 ng per grain. this level remains high from 25 to 40 days after anthesis. then, in association with natural or forced drying of the grain, there is a rapid drop (5-10 fold) in the aba content and a brief increase in the content of bound aba. the bulk of aba in an ear was in the grain (95%) and although the embryo co ... | 1976 | 24424906 |
| carbon dioxide exchange in relation to sink demand in wheat. | in this paper, experiments are described which examine the effect of requirement for assimilates by the ear on the rate of net photosynthesis in leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). different levels of requirement were achieved by various levels of sterilization of florets just before anthesis, which resulted in a range of grain numbers per ear, and by inhibiting photosynthesis of the intact ear by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (dcmu). only the ear and two uppermost leaves of the ma ... | 1976 | 24424903 |
| phytochrome controlled gibberellin metabolism in etioplast envelopes. | disruption of preparations of intact etioplasts isolated from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves in the dark leads to an increase in the level of extractable gibberellin-like (ga-like) activity. irradiation of disrupted preparations with red light causes an alteration in the rf of part of the ga-like activity. a study of sub-etioplast fractions prepared by gradient centrifugation indicates that the phytochrome and the ga-like substances are associated principally with the etioplast envelope. | 1976 | 24424835 |
| endogenous cytokinins in vernalized winter wheat grains. | the soybean callus assay was used to study the effect of vernalization on the endogenous cytokinin levels of the grains of winter wheat (triticum vulgare l.), cv. ferto and fema. vernalization of the grains was carried out at 3° c in the dark for 0, 9, 18, 27, 36 and 45 days. cytokinin activities could be detected in both the aqueous and butanol extracts of vernalized grains of both cultivars. it is suggested that flowering of winter wheat may involve changes in the levels of endogenous cytokini ... | 1976 | 24424638 |
| cytokinesis in the developing wheat grain; division with and without a phragmoplast. | cell wall formation during the transition from free-nuclear to cellular endosperm of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. heron) was investigated using correlated light and electron microscopy. partitioning of the multinucleate syncytium that lines the inner periphery of the embryo sac is initiated 1-2 days after anthesis. wall ingrowths, at first recognizable in sections as minute wall pegs, furrow inward from the edge of the embryo sac through the vacuolate cytoplasm which, to the inside, is clearl ... | 1976 | 24424543 |
| genetic diversity of the cytoplasm in triticum and aegilops : iv. distribution of the cytoplasm inducing variegation in common wheat. | twelve kinds of common wheat nuclei were placed into the cytoplasms of 23 species of aegilops and triticum by repeated backcrosses in the laboratory of genetics, kyoto university. using these nucleus-cytoplasm hybrids, the distribution of the variegation-inducing cytoplasms was investigated. the variegation was maternally inherited, and was found to be temperature-dependent; it was expressed only at low temperatures, accompanied by a remarkable reduction in the content of chlorophyll a and b, an ... | 1976 | 24413588 |
| manipulation of galactolipid fatty acid composition with substituted pyridazinones. | the fatty acid composition of the major lipids of the chloroplast membranes, the mono- and digalactosyl diglycerides, can be definably altered with various substituted pyridazinones. galactolipid fatty acid composition of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) can be altered so that there is a decrease in linolenic acid accompanied by an increase in linoleic acid without a shift in the relative proportion of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids; the fatty acid composition can be shifted toward a higher pr ... | 1976 | 16659420 |
| formation of root hairs by the wheat triticum vulgare host. trichoblasts. | the process of root hair formation has been studied by light-, transmission-and scanning electron microscopy. in the course of root hair development a break of the outer cell wall is observed by electron microscopy. it apparently occurs after the break of the fibrillar layer. the break of the outer layer of the cell wall is assumed to represent the break of the outer mucilage, the cuticle and the adjoining amorphous matrix with irregularly oriented cellulose microfibrils. the scheme of successiv ... | 1976 | 1025984 |
| effect of temperature on respiration of mitochondria and shoot segments from cold hardened and nonhardened wheat and rye seedlings. | the effect of temperature on respiration of mitochondria and tissue segments from three wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and one rye (secale cereale l.) cultivar grown at 2 and 24 c has been examined. discontinuities in arrhenius plots of respiratory activity against temperature were observed for mitochondria and tissue segments from seedlings grown at both temperatures. the rates of respiration decreased abruptly below the transition temperatures, resulting in increased energy of activation values ... | 1975 | 16659376 |
| energy supply and light-enhanced chloride uptake in wheat laminae. | the light-supported component of (36)cl uptake from 5 mm k(36)cl by green laminae, either chopped or vacuum-infiltrated, of triticum aestivum l. seedlings has been determined by subtraction of dark uptake values from light uptake values and the energy sources for the uptake elucidated on the basis of the effects of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1 dimethylurea (dcmu), carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxy-phenylhydrazone (fccp), antimycin a(1) (aa), and n(2) on light and dark uptake. the light-supported ... | 1975 | 16659375 |
| preadaptation of protein synthesis in wheat seedlings to high temperature. | the optimum temperature of protein synthesis in wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l.), measured as (14)c-leucine incorporation, depends on the growing temperature. plants grown at reduced temperature (4 c) reach their optimum at 27.5 c, whereas plants kept at 36 c have the highest rate of protein synthesis at 35 c. the transition is gradual. the activation energy of protein synthesis for seedlings grown at medium or reduced temperature is lower (about 11 kcal/mole), than for plants grown at hig ... | 1975 | 16659350 |
| conserved message of o-diphenolase in wheat embryos (triticum aestivum). | | 1975 | 812720 |
| transcription of ribosomal and messenger rnas in early wheat embryo germination. | germinating wheat embryos (triticum aestivum l). synthesize both ribosomal and messenger rna at the earliest times after the onset of germination. the rates of synthesis of these two rnas are determined at various stages in germination by an analysis of newly synthesized radioactive rna on oligo(dt)-cellulose. the rate of messenger rna synthesis is essentially constant throughout 18 hours of germination, while that of ribosomal rna synthesis increases steadily, particularly after the onset of ce ... | 1975 | 16659333 |
| chemical basis for greenbug resistance in small grains: ii. identification of the major neutral metabolite of benzyl alcohol in barley. | ((14)c)benzyl alcohol was administered either by uptake through the roots or by injection directly into the stems of wheat (triticum aestivum l. em thell), sorghum (sorghum bicolor. l moench) and two strains of barley (hordeum vulgare l.). one strain of barley was susceptible to the greenbug (schizaphis granium rondani), and the other was greenbug-resistant. in all four plants, several radioactive metabolites were formed. the major neutral metabolite has been identified as benzyl-beta-d-glucopyr ... | 1975 | 16659309 |
| synthesis of endosperm proteins in wheat seed during maturation. | the time of synthesis, the molecular weight, and the relative glutamine-glutamate and proline to leucine ratios of the endosperm proteins of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. logan) were determined using a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel technique. in general, synthesis of most proteins occurred through much of the maturation of the seed, but past 20 days the rate of synthesis of the high molecular weight proteins declined more rapidly than those of lower molecular weight. the synthesis ... | 1975 | 16659308 |
| effects of red light on the growth of intact wheat and barley coleoptiles. | the final lengths of intact dark-grown coleoptiles vary with species and cultivar. the growth distribution pattern in the apical 25-mm growing zone and the absolute amount of growth in each zone depend on the age and species of the coleoptile. a comparative study of several cultivars of wheat, triticum vulgare, and barley, hordeum vulgare, indicates that the growth distribution pattern in 30- to 38-mm coleoptiles varies with the species and cultivar. in barley, there are two patterns of growth d ... | 1975 | 16659255 |
| light-enhanced chloride uptake by wheat laminae: a comparison of chopped and vacuum-infiltrated tissue. | the time course of (36)cl(-) uptake from 5 mm kcl by 1.5-mm leaf segments of triticum aestivum l. seedlings has been determined over 24 hours both in the light and in the dark. a light-enhanced uptake of cl(-) develops after a few hours. using whole laminae which have been water-injected by vacuum infiltration, a light-enhanced uptake is apparent from zero time. uptake values achieved in the light by the two types of tissue are similar but in the dark there is a restricted uptake by the whole in ... | 1975 | 16659237 |
| nitrate uptake and assimilation by wheat seedlings during initial exposure to nitrate. | nitrate uptake, reduction, and translocation were examined in intact, 14-day-old, nitrogen-depleted wheat (triticum vulgare var. knox) seedlings during a 9-hour exposure to 0.2 mm ca (no(3))(2). the nitrate uptake rate was low during the initial 3-hour period, increased during the 3- to 6-hour period, and then declined. by the 3rd hour, 14% of the absorbed nitrate had been reduced, and this increased to 36% by the 9th hour. shoots accumulated reduced (15)n more rapidly than roots and the ratio o ... | 1975 | 16659219 |
| interactions of microtubule disorganizers, plant hormones, and red light in wheat coleoptile segment growth. | growth response of coleoptile segments excised from 3-day-old seedlings of wheat (triticum vulgare cv. baart) to gibberellic acid, indoleacetic acid, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, to red light, and to several microtubule disorganizers depends on the initial position of the excised segment in the intact coleoptile. red light, 660 nm, stimulates the growth of the apical cells, but inhibits markedly the growth of the cells in the basal region of the coleoptile. the effects of red light are in ... | 1975 | 16659210 |
| movement of c-labeled sugars into kernels of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | an anatomical study of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) kernels 14 days after anthesis revealed that the tracheary elements of the pericarp vascular bundle are not in direct continuity with those of the rachilla. the phloem was continuous from the rachilla into the crease of the pericarp.shortly after exposure of the flag leaf to (14)co(2), relatively high proportion of the (14)c extracted from the pericarp and endosperm was found in glucose and fructose. with additional time, the percentage of (14) ... | 1975 | 16659185 |
| partial restoration of the high rate of plastid pigment development and the ultrastructure of plastids in detached water-stressed wheat leaves. | detached etiolated wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. chris) leaves accumulated plastid pigments at a high rate, developed chloroplasts with stacked thylakoids, and stored plastid starch when wetted on filter paper in light. a moderate water deficit of - 10 bars markedly reduced the accumulation of chlorophyll and carotenoids in the 8-day-old detached leaves during greening. delta-aminolevulinic acid treatment of stressed leaf segments resulted in slightly increased pigment accumulations but benzyl ... | 1975 | 16659164 |
| de novo biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase during wheat embryo germination. | an 8-fold enhancement in the activity of a dna-dependent dna polymerase was found in extracts from germinating wheat (triticum vulgare var. florence) embryos, as compared to the activity found in extracts from ungerminated embryos. the enhancement of this activity during the first hours of germination is concomitant to the increase of a dnase activity. the two activities could be separated and the increased level of the dna polymerase upon germination was observed in an enzymatic fraction which ... | 1975 | 16659097 |
| stimulation of phospholipid biosynthesis during frost hardening of winter wheat. | lipids were labeled with (33)p during frost hardening of two varieties of winter wheat (triticum aestivum), hardy kharkov and much less hardy champlein. the main labeled compounds were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylglycerol. with time of incorporation the proportion of the radioactivity incorporated into the lipids increased in phosphatidylcholine, especially in kharkov and at 1 c. during hardening, phospholipid synthesis was greatly stimula ... | 1975 | 16659082 |
| developmental studies on microbodies in wheat leaves : iii. on the photocontrol of microbody development. | 1. in etiolated wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves, the development of the microbody enzymes catalase, hydroxypyruvate reductase, and glycolate oxidase was specifically stimulated by short treatments of the seedlings with red light, although the increases were less than observed after treatment with continuous white light. a comparison of the effects of short red and far-red exposures indicated the involvement of phytochrome. 2. continuous far-red light treatments also enhanced the development ... | 1975 | 24436025 |
| phytochrome medicated changes in extractable gibberellin activity in a cell-free system from etiolated wheat leaves. | irradiation with red light causes a phytochrome dependent increase in the extractable amount of acidic gibberellin-like activity in plastid preparations from etiolated leaves of triticum aestivum l. | 1975 | 24435132 |
| photocontrol of gibberellin levels as related to the unrolling of etiolated wheat leaves. | the rapid increase in acidic gibberellin-like (ga-like) activity occurring in etiolated wheat (triticum aestivum l.); leaf tissue in response to red light is phytochrome controlled. the production of some of the ga-like activity appears to possess a similar escapetime from far-red reversibility to leaf unrolling and is sensitive to amo 1618. application of these ga-like substances to leaf sections maintained in the dark causes unrolling. increased ga-like activity can also be detected in non-irr ... | 1975 | 24430157 |
| in vitro culture of wheat. iii. anther culture of the a genome aneuploids in common wheat. | callus induction was examined using the anthers of triticum aestivum cv. chinese spring and its aneuploids for the a genome chromosomes (ditelo-1a(l), -2a(s), -3a(α), -4a(α), -5a(l), -6a(α), -7a(s), nulli-1a, -2a, -4a and mono-4a) to determine the genetic role of individual chromosomes or chromosome arms in callus formation. an attempt was also made to establish the best culture conditions for callus formation from the anthers of the same wheat.results showed that: (1) callus was mostly induced ... | 1975 | 24420271 |
| chromosomal control of non-gliadin proteins from the 70% ethanol extract of wheat endosperm. | the non-gliadin fraction of the 70% ethanol extracts of compensated nulli-tetrasomics and ditelosomics of triticum aestivum cv. chinese spring has been analyzed by combined electrofocusing and electrophoresis. seventeen of the 21 protein map components of the euploid have been ascribed to eight chromosomes: 4aβ, 3bs, 6bs, 7bs, 3dβ, 4d, 5d and 7ds.the relationship of the different map components with other proteins previously associated with the same chromosomes is discussed. | 1975 | 24419509 |
| genetic control of esterases in common wheat. | a refined technique of gel electrofocusing revealed the esterases in caryopses of triticum aestivum, t. durum, and triticum timopheevi. in t. aestivum, 17 isoenzymatic bands were ascertained in the ph 5-8 range: 11 were of higher intensity, 4 were weak and two very weak. using chinese spring nulli-tetrasomic lines it was possible to locate the genetic control of several isoenzymes in the chromosomes of the homoeologous group 3. in chromosome 3a three bands are coded; in 3b four bands are coded; ... | 1975 | 24419503 |
| the effect of nucleotides and inhibitors on respiration in isolated wheat mitochondria. | the effect of mono-, di-, and trinucleoside phosphates and respiratory inhibitors on respiration in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. rideau) mitochondria has been examined. when added during state 4 respiration, subsequent to addition of adp, all of the dinucleotides stimulated oxidation and induced respiratory control with all substrates examined. similar results were obtained with amp, but other mononucleotides and all trinucleotides did not affect the rate of oxidation. nucleoside dipho ... | 1975 | 16659027 |
| [investigation on wheat varieties of better protein quantity and quality (author's transl)]. | a research has been conducted on several hundreds of cultivars and selection lines of bread wheat to find out new varieties of better nutritive characteristics. for a coarse evaluation of protein quantity and quality, a screening method (dyebinding capacity, dbc) was utilized. on the same samples, nitrogen was determined also by the kjeldahl method; in some cases aminoacids analysis was carried out. a very high correlation was found between protein content and dbc and, even higher in this case, ... | 2013 | 1243931 |
| interference in carotenogenesis as a mechanism of action of the pyridazinone herbicide sandoz 6706: accumulation of c-40 carotenoid precursors inhibition of beta-carotene synthesis and enhancement of phytoene epoxidation. | the herbicide sandoz 6706 (4-chloro-5-(dimethylamino)-2-alpha,alpha,alpha, (trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3(2h)-pyridazinone), when applied as a preplant soil treatment at a concentration of 0.05 mug/g reduced the content of beta-carotene and chlorophylls in 21-day-old wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l.) by 55% and 29%, respectively, without affecting the fresh or dry matter of the seedlings. at 0.8 mug/g, the herbicide reduced the content of beta-carotene and chlorophyll by as much as 98%, while the fr ... | 1974 | 16659000 |
| production of initial material for the breeding of short-stemmed varieties of soft wheat with enhanced technological qualities of the grain by means of crossing soft wheat (triticum aestivum l.) with hard wheat (t. durum desf.). | | 1974 | 4453839 |
| giemsa c-banding and the evolution of wheat. | the somatic chromosomes of common wheat, triticum aestivum l. (2n = 6x = 42), and those of two of its diploid progenitors and t. speltoides, have been individually identified by a giemsa staining technique. in wheat, telocentric chromosomes were used to aid the recognition of individual chromosomes, and an ideogram has been constructed depicting the c-band positions. there is no similarity in the c-banding of chromosomes within a homoeologous group, with the possible exception of group 5. compar ... | 1974 | 16592188 |
| the rôle of reducing sugars in the geotropic response of the wheat node. | the distribution of sugars in the leaf sheath base of wheat (triticum aestivum) becomes asymmetric following horizontal displacement, the reducing sugar content of the lower side rising to 300-400% of that of the upper side during a 24-h stimulation period. the changes involve the hydrolysis of sucrose and appear, in older organs, in the absence of growth. although gravity-induced, the increase in reducing sugar content is not essential for initiation of the growth which gives rise to the geotro ... | 1974 | 24458423 |
| cytogenetics of chromosome pairing in wheat. | meiotic chromosome pairing in triticum aestivum is controlled by genetic systems promoting and reducing pairing. the pairing of homoeologous chromosomes is prevented principally by the activity of a single locus (ph) distally located on the long arm of chromosome 5b. in certain hybrids, supernumerary chromosomes (b chromosomes) from aegilops species can compensate for the absence of chromosome 5b preventing or reducing homoeologous pairing. temperature-dependent variants and colchicine sensitivi ... | 1974 | 17248662 |
| stimulation of polyphenol oxidase (monophenolase) activity in wheat endosperm by gibberellic acid, cycloheximide and actinomycin d. | embryoless wheat (triticum aestivum l.) half-seeds on incubation with gibberellic acid (ga3) showed a 2- to 2.5fold stimulation of monophenolase activity. the enzyme activity was not released into the incubation medium in ga3-treated half-seeds. the effect of ga3 was counteracted by the addition of abscisic acid (aba) to the half-seeds. adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and its structural analogues were ineffective in increasing the monophenolase activity. actinomycin d and cycloheximide show ... | 1974 | 24458125 |
| rapid increase in adenosine 5'-triphosphate during early wheat embryo germination. | the atp content of isolated wheat (triticum aestivum l. var. polk) embryos increases 5-fold during the first 30 minutes and 10-fold during the first hour of germination to 80% of maximum. the atp level remains at approximately 800 nanomoles per gram of tissue during the next 15 hours. adp, amp, and total adenosine phosphates decrease between 1 and 6.5 hours, while adenylate energy charge increases from 0.6 to 0.8 and remains constant. the rapid increase in atp during imbibition is consistent wit ... | 1974 | 16658790 |
| phenolic acids in wheat coleoptile cell walls. | the phenolic constituent of nonvascular cell walls of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) coleoptiles, which yields vanillin upon nitrobenzene oxidation, is not lignin as i previously claimed. it seems to be mainly ferulic acid bonded to carbohydrate, probably by an ester linkage. the acid is associated with a fraction of the wall rich in arabinose and xylose, although it is not known whether it is esterified directly with these pentose residues. the phenolic-carbohydrate complex is released by cellula ... | 1974 | 16658778 |
| studies on the respiratory properties of mitochondria isolated from developing winter wheat seedlings. | mitochondria isolated from shoots of 2 days, light- and dark-grown winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. rideau) seedlings oxidize alpha-ketoglutarate and l-malate with good respiratory control and adp: o ratios. the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation, and respiratory control are both reduced significantly when succinate or nadh is employed as substrate. respiratory control values and adp: o ratios show a general decline in mitochondria from seedlings of increasing age, whether grown in li ... | 1974 | 16658761 |
| [genetic specificity of beta amylase in triticum aestivum: existence of 5 types of zymograms]. | | 1974 | 4211447 |
| comparison of plant cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. | the electrophoretic mobilities of the cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins of several species of plants were compared using two-dimensional electrophoresis. the total number of proteins as well as the number of acidic and basic proteins in individual species varied markedly. of the species examined, triticum aestivum had the highest number of basic cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins and hordeum vulgare had less than half as many. however, marked similarities were noted in the electrophoretic mobilities of ... | 1974 | 16658737 |
| structural and functional responses of wheat mitochondrial membranes to growth at low temperatures. | the responses in membrane lipid composition, structure, and function of four cultivars of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to growth at low temperature have been investigated. marked growth temperature-dependent alterations in the fatty acid composition and unsaturation of the mitochondrial phospholipids correlate with changes in respiratory activity in all the varieties. parameters such as the respiratory control ratio and the phosphorylative efficiency decrease in cold-adapted seedlings. three tem ... | 1974 | 16658718 |
| amino acid comparisons in male sterile wheat derived fromtriticum timopheevi zhuk. cytoplasm and its fertile counterpart. | anthers, seeds, seedlings and flag leaves of fertile and cytoplasmic male sterile (triticum timopheevi) lines of bread wheat were examined for free and acid-hydrolyzable (bound) amino acids. free asparagine was found to be high in anthers of the male sterile line and free proline high in anthers of the fertile line.among the bound amino acids, proline was lower, and aspartic and glutamic acid were higher, in male sterile than in fertile anthers. retardation of glutamic and aspartic acid conversi ... | 1974 | 24425430 |
| further discovery of alien cytoplasms inducing haploids and twins in common wheat. | in addition to the already known aegilops caudata cytoplasm, the cytoplasms of five aegilops species, all belonging to the section polyeides, were found to induce haploids (11-56%) and twins (0.5-15%) in a common wheat, salmon, at high frequencies. the great majority of the twin pairs were of the diplo-haplo type. the origin of both the haploids and twins was ascribed to the induction of parthenogenesis in salmon by the alien cytoplasm. pollen parents produced some differences in haploid frequen ... | 1974 | 24419323 |
| genetics of heading time in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). ii. the inheritance of vernalization response. | the inheritance of vernalization response was studied in crosses involving four spring wheats (sonora 64 (s), pitic 62 (p), justin (j) and thatcher (t)) and three winter wheats (blackhull (b), early blackhull (e) and extra early blackhull (ee)).-all winter cultivars were highly responsive to vernalization, and pitic 62 was the only spring cultivar whose time to heading was significantly accelerated following cold treatments. when vernalized and grown under long days, spring and winter cultivars ... | 1974 | 17248646 |
| triploidy and aneuploidy in virus infected wheat, triticum aestivum. | | 1974 | 4845180 |
| cytogenetic study of the interspecific wheat hybrid triticum aestivum x triticum dicoccum. i. characteristics of the original form and f1 hybrids. | | 1974 | 4816384 |
| the use of double-monotelodisomics to identify translocations in triticum aestivum. | | 1974 | 4463177 |
| acid-induced growth and the geotropic response of the wheat node. | growth is initiated in segments of the leaf sheath base of triticum aestivum by gravitational stimulation and by incubation in buffer solutions of ph 3. both responses involve only an increase in segment length, are rapidly terminated on removal of the stimulus, have a similar q10 and are dependent upon cell turgor. they differ, however, in that the response to acid solutions is rapid and unaffected by anoxia. acid-induced growth can be stopped and started repeatedly by changing the ph, an incre ... | 1973 | 24458791 |
| the physico-chemical basis of leaf wettability in wheat. | wild type wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and three mutant lines that have reduced glaucousness on the flag leaf sheath have been examined for variations in glaucousness, contact angles, wax chemistry and wax morphology. on the sheath and culm, organs that are glaucous in the wild type, increasing glaucousness is correlated with increasing contact angles, an increasing proportion of β-diketones plus hydroxy-β-diketones in the was and an increasing proportion of wax tubes. organs that were non-glauc ... | 1973 | 24458788 |
| the effect of an oxygen-free atmosphere on net photosynthesis and transpiration of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves. | stomata of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves failed to open in the light and close in the dark or respond to changes in the co(2) concentration of the atmosphere in either light or dark when the leaves were in an o(2)-free atmosphere. in contrast, the expected responses to environmental changes were found in atmospheres containing 1.5% o(2). it appears that o(2) is necessary for both opening and closing of wheat and barley stomata. | 1973 | 16658613 |
| content of sr90, ca, and strontium units in the grain of wheat hybrids obtained by crossing triticum aestivum times triticum dicoccum. | | 1973 | 4783216 |
| genes for dwarfness in wheat, triticum aestivum l. | the genetic control of plant height was studied in crosses of four spring wheats involving the standard height variety ramona 50 and short-statured selections olesen, d6301, and d6899. data from parent, f(1), f(2), and f(3) populations indicated that four independently segregating loci account for most of the differences among the four varieties. two major genes of a highly recessive nature condition reduced height in olesen and the norin 10 derivative d6301. olesen also carries a third dwarfing ... | 1973 | 17248645 |
| the relationship between chiasmata and crossing over in triticum aestivum. | telocentrics for the beta arm of chromosome 4a and the long arm of 6b were used as cytological markers for the determination of chiasma frequency. in concomitant studies of recombination, terminal segments of rye and t. umbellulatum chromatin carrying hp (hairy peduncle) and lr9 (leaf-rust resistance), respectively, marked 4a and 6b. two temperatures, 21 degrees and 32 degrees , were used for both the 4a and 6b experiments.-only one chiasma was observed in each heteromorphic bivalent. because th ... | 1973 | 17248642 |
| influence of temperature on sterol biosynthesis in triticum aestivum. | sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and cholesterol were isolated from green wheat (triticium aestivum var. monon) seedlings. sitosterol was the predominant sterol extracted from the shoot, root, and crown tissue. cholesterol accounted for less that 1% of sterol in shoot tissue with only trace amounts in the root. a temperature change from 10 to 1 c resulted in a general decrease in sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol in the shoot tissue. the cholesterol level was not altered significan ... | 1973 | 16658556 |
| a survey of the multiple forms of invertase in the leaves of winter wheat, triticum aestivum l. emend thell. ssp. vulgare. | | 1973 | 4750765 |
| growth initiation in the geotropic response of the wheat node. | the geotropic response in stems of triticum aestivum occurs at the leaf sheath bases. growth is initiated in the lower halves of these organs after orientation into the horizontal position. lateral transport of growth hormone is not involved in the development of curvature. continuous stimulation is necessary to maintain the response.growth can be initiated in small pieces of tissue excised from the leaf sheath base but this is entirely dependent upon the precise orientation of the tissue in the ... | 1973 | 24468728 |
| longitudinal distribution of growth substances in leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the basal fifth of the lamina, containing most of the gibberellin of young leaves, was the only part of the lamina that elongated. when the base of the lamina stopped elongating the gibberellin apparently moved up the lamina, but the leaf sheath still contained some gibberellin and continued to elongate. old, fully elongated, leaves contained most auxin and tryptophan in the apical fifth of the lamina that was dying; young leaves contained insignificant amounts of auxin. leaves contained two cyt ... | 1973 | 24469894 |
| genetics of heading time in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). i. the inheritance of photoperiodic response. | the inheritance of photoperiodic response was studied in crosses involving four spring wheats (sonora 64, pitic 62, justin and thatcher) and three winter wheats (blackhull, early blackhull and extra early blackhull). the parental cultivars were classified into a photoperiod-sensitive group (justin, thatcher, blackhull and early blackhull) and a relatively photoperiod-insensitive group (sonora 64, pitic 62 and extra early blackhull) based on their heading response when vernalized and grown under ... | 1973 | 17248607 |
| effects of patulin and method of application on growth stages of wheat. | when a single, 100-mug/ml application of patulin, produced by penicillium urticae bainier, was applied to growth stages 7, 9, 10, and 10.1 (feekes scale) of lee spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.), decreases in internodal elongation, floret number, seed weight, and seed number were observed. yields were reduced according to the proximity of application prior to heading. application of patulin to the soil in crystalline form and dissolved in aqueous solution were also investigated, and the soluti ... | 1973 | 4699215 |
| the mechanism of somatic association in common wheat, triticum aestivum l. iv. further evidence for modification of spindle tubulin through the somatic-association genes as measured by vinblastine binding. | treatment with the antitubulin vinblastine was found to disrupt the spindle system in dividing root-tip cells of common wheat, triticum aestivum l. genotypes lacking the somatic association suppressor gene on 5b(l), or containing the somatic-association promoter on 5b(s), were found to be more sensitive to the treatment. in genetic lines carrying the somatic association suppressor, sensitivity to vinblastine was lower and there was a direct correlation between dosage of the suppressor gene (0, 2 ... | 1973 | 17248593 |
| changes in phospholipid composition of a winter wheat cultivar during germination at 2 c and 24 c. | evaluation of various solvent systems for lipid extraction of wheat triticum aestivum l. cv. rideau seeds showed that boiling 2-propanol followed by the bligh-dyer procedure was the most efficient method, with respect to lipid yield and ability to inactivate lipolytic enzymes. ten phospholipids were identified in dry seeds; the major components being phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, n-acyl lysophosphatidyl-ethanolamine, n-acylphosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylethanolamine. a ... | 1973 | 16658353 |
| somatic association of telocentric chromosomes carrying homologous centromeres in common wheat. | measurements of distances between telocentric chromosomes, either homologous or representing the opposite arms of a metacentric chromosome (complementary telocentrics), were made at metaphase in root tip cells of common wheat carrying two homologous pairs of complementary telocentrics of chromosome 1 b or 6 b (double ditelosomic 1 b or 6 b). the aim was to elucidate the relative locations of the telocentric chromosomes within the cell. the data obtained strongly suggest that all four telocentric ... | 1973 | 24424980 |
| endosperm protein of wheat seed as a determinant of seedling growth. | seed of a mexican semidwarf wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. inia 66), was obtained from a nitrogen fertilizer field trial grown in mexico. a high positive correlation was obtained between seed protein content and seedling dry weight after 3 weeks growth (r = +0.92(**)). the seedling dry weight was positively related to the protein content of the aleurone layer and endosperm, but not to the embryo. small, 35 milligrams, high protein seeds (4.7 milligrams protein per seed) produced larger seedling ... | 1973 | 16658296 |
| the organization and polarity of pollen mother cells of triticum aestivum. | | 1972 | 4648502 |
| enzymatic dehydration of 3-hydroxymethyloxindole. | crude and partially purified extracts of wheat (triticum vulgare, red variety) germ catalyze the dehydration of 3-hydroxymethyloxindole to 3-methyleneoxindole. examination of the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of a reaction mixture consisting of either the extract or partially purified enzyme and 3-hydroxymethyloxindole, shows that this oxindole has undergone complete dehydration to 3-methyleneoxindole. tpnh-linked 3-methyleneoxindole reductase, also a constituent of the wheat germ extract, can ... | 1972 | 16658205 |
| auxin activity of 3-methyleneoxindole in wheat. | a product of the enzymatic oxidation of indole-3-acetic acid, 3-methyleneoxindole, is at least 50-fold more effective than indole-3-acetic acid in stimulating the growth of wheat (triticum vulgare, red variety) coleoptiles. ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid can antagonize the growth-stimulating properties of the parent compound, indole-3-acetic acid, presumably by chelating mn(2+), which is required for the enzymatic oxidation of indole-3-acetic acid. the growth stimulating effect of 3-methyleneo ... | 1972 | 16658204 |
| variation associated with an aegilops umbellulata chromosome segment incorporated in wheat. ii. peroxidase and leucine aminopeptidase isozymes. | zymograms were analyzed of a number of triticum aestivum derivatives which incorporated a segment of the aegilops umbellulata chromosome bearing resistance to leaf rust. evidence has been presented which suggests that genes involved in the production of two peroxidases and a single peptidase are located on the short arm of wheat chromosome 6b. one peroxidase isozyme, attributed to the presence of the aegilops segment, was seen in only one of the resistant lines (transfer) and it was postulated t ... | 1972 | 17248580 |
| a reassessment of the course of evolution of wheat. | chromosome pairing in hybrids involving triticum aestivum and new accessions of t. speltoides, and in an amphiploid of these species, indicates that t. speltoides can no longer be considered to be the donor of the b genome of the polyploid wheats. this necessitates a reconsideration of the genome relationships and evolutionary processes that gave rise to cultivated wheats. | 1972 | 16591976 |
| the metabolism of soluble nucleotides in wheat aleurone layers treated with gibberellic acid. | the metabolism of soluble nucleotides was investigated in wheat (triticum aestivum var. olympic) aleurone layers treated with gibberellic acid. whereas nucleotide levels were relatively unaffected by the treatment, a transient increase was observed in the incorporation of (32)p. the effect was maximal 30 to 60 minutes after gibberellic acid was administered, and by 180 minutes incorporation was lower than in the control. the greatest changes were detected in the nucleoside triphosphates, particu ... | 1972 | 16657970 |
| the levels of soluble nucleotides in wheat aleurone tissue. | the content of soluble nucleotides in aleurone layers isolated from mature wheat (triticum aestivum var. olympic) grain was investigated. the most abundant nucleotides were adenosine triphosphate, uridine triphosphate, and uridine diphosphoglucose. smaller amounts of guanosine triphosphate, cytidine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide were also identified. the levels of some of these nucleotides were increased after incubation of the tissue under certain co ... | 1972 | 16657969 |
| anion absorption by etiolated wheat leaves after vacuum infiltration. | chloride and phosphate uptake by leaf segments of green and etiolated 7-day-old seedlings of triticum aestivum l. cultivar capelle is enhanced by light. in the range from 1.0 to 10 millimolar kcl, maximal rates of uptake were obtained with 1.5-millimeter segments. above 1.5 millimeters, ion diffusion through the cut edge was the rate-limiting factor, uptake being proportional to the amount of cut edge, but vacuum infiltration of the tissue overcame this limitation, allowing uptake to be independ ... | 1972 | 16657949 |
| variation at two loci affecting homoeologous meiotic chromosome pairing in triticum aestivum x aegilops mutica hydrids. | | 1972 | 4500460 |
| effect of rye chromosome 2 substitution on kernel protein content of wheat. | significant increases in the kernel protein content of lines of the bread wheat variety chinese spring, in which a pair of rye chromosome 2 substitutes for group 2 chromosomes of wheat, were observed in plants grown at three different locations. fractionation of proteins on the basis of their solubility did not show any significant variation in the relative proportions of alcohol, salt, acid and alkali soluble proteins. similarly, electrophoretic studies of saline, alcohol and acetic acid-urea s ... | 1972 | 24430774 |
| developmental studies on microbodies in wheat leaves : ii. ontogeny of particulate enzyme associations. | crude particulate fractions from wheat leaves (triticum vulgare l.) were separated on continuous sucrose density gradients, resulting in: broken chloroplasts, a mitochondrial fraction (indicated by cytochrome c oxidase), and microbodies. the visible band of the microbody fraction from adult leaves appears at a buoyant density of 1.25 grams per cm(3) and contains most of the activities of catalase, glycolate oxidase, and hydroxypyruvate reductase on the gradient. in the shoots of freshly soaked s ... | 1972 | 16657893 |
| onset of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in germinating wheat embryos. | germinating wheat embryos (triticum vulgare var. florence) synthesize proteins before the onset of dna synthesis. the onset of dna replication occurs at about 15 hours of germination and was shown to depend on proteins synthesized before 9 hours of germination with the use of blasticidin s, a specific inhibitor of protein synthesis. a 10-fold increase in the activity of dna-dependent dna polymerase was found in extracts derived from germinated embryos, as compared to the activity found in extrac ... | 1972 | 16657890 |
| glucose metabolism of embryos and endosperms from deteriorating barley and wheat seeds. | changes in glucose utilization into co(2) and ethanol-insoluble material were followed in whole seeds, embryos, and endosperms of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) which had reached different levels of deterioration through accelerated aging treatments. excised embryos from deteriorated wheat seeds had reduced respiration and glucose utilization into ethanol-insoluble material but not into co(2). these treatments had no effect on respiration of excised endosperms, alth ... | 1971 | 16657779 |
| genetic regulation of meiotic chromosome pairing by chromosome 3d of triticum aestivum. | | 1971 | 5283628 |
| phytochrome-controlled leaf unrolling and protein synthesis. | in the primary leaf sections of etiolated wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings, red light-induced unrolling is accompanied by an increase in incorporation of (14)c-leucine into protein. by differential centrifugation, the unrolling response was found to be closely related to incorporation of the amino acid into the supernatant fraction (105,000g). cycloheximide and chloramphenicol inhibit both leaf unrolling and synthesis of the supernatant protein, although chloramphenicol exerts its effect m ... | 1971 | 16657621 |
| effects of seselin and coumarin on growth, indoleacetic acid oxidase, and peroxidase, with special reference to cucumber (cucumis sativa l.) radicles. | seselin, a natural coumarin derivative isolated from citrus roots, inhibited radicle growth in seedlings of cucumber (cucumis sativa), lettuce (lactuca sativum), radish (raphanus sativus), and wheat (triticum aestivum) grown in the dark. coumarin similarly inhibited radicle growth of cucumber seedlings. growth retardation of the cucumber radicles was accompanied by an increased activity of peroxidase and indole-3-acetic acid oxidase. both compounds antagonized indole-3-acetic acid-induced growth ... | 1971 | 16657614 |
| developmental changes in ribosomal ribonucleic acid and fraction i protein in wheat leaves. | in light-grown wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings, the amount of chloroplast and cytoplasmic ribosomal rna increased to a maximum in the first leaf near the end of its growth and declined by about 60% in the following 3 days. while total ribosomal rna was declining, labeled uracil was still incorporated into cytoplasmic ribosomal rna, but the rate of incorporation into chloroplast ribosomal rna fell by more than 80%, as did the incorporation of labeled leucine into fraction i protein. either ... | 1971 | 16657594 |
| effect of indoleacetic acid and hydroxyproline on isoenzymes of peroxidase in wheat coleoptiles. | indoleacetic acid at 0.017 millimolar inhibited the formation of three peroxidase isoenzymes in both soluble and wall-bound enzyme fractions of wheat coleoptile (triticum vulgare) tissue. hydroxyproline at 1 millimolar prevented the indoleacetic acid-induced inhibition. indoleacetic acid oxidase activity in the soluble fraction was decreased by indoleacetic acid and was restored by hydroxyproline. most of the indoleacetic acid oxidase activity was located in the electrophoretic zones occupied by ... | 1971 | 16657587 |
| genetic analysis of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat by utilization of monopentaploid hybrids. | this report deals with a method of analysis which uses existing hexaploid wheat monosomics to establish gene-chromosome associations in a tetraploid variety. monosomics of triticum aestivum cv. chinese spring belonging to the 14 lines of a and b genomes were crossed as female parents with triticum durum cv. capeiti, a spring type at present widely grown in italy. for each line, two f 1 populations were obtained, normal pentaploids (2 n = 35) and monopentaploid (2 n = 34), in which, in turn, the ... | 1971 | 24430021 |
| inhibition of carotenoid synthesis as a mechanism of action of amitrole, dichlormate, and pyriclor. | amitrole (3-amino-s-triazole), dichlormate (3,4-dichlorobenzyl methylcarbamate), and pyriclor (2,3,5-trichloro-4-pyridinol) inhibited normal carotenogenesis in etiolated wheat (triticum aestivum l. var. coker 65-20) seedlings. carotenoid precursors accumulated in treated plants. in dichlormate-treated plants, zeta-carotene accumulated, whereas phytofluene, phytoene, and zeta-carotene accumulated in amitrole- and pyriclor-treated plants. none of the herbicides interfered with protochlorophyllide ... | 1971 | 16657570 |
| ethyl methanesulfonate-induced chlorophyll mutations in triticum aestivum. | | 1970 | 5512562 |
| buoyant density studies of chloroplast and nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid from control and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole-treated wheat seedlings, triticum vulgare. | the isolation of chloroplast and nuclear dna from dark- and light-grown, control- and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole-treated wheat seedlings, triticum vulgare, is described. contrary to a previous report, we found that chloroplast and nuclear dna had similar buoyant densities (1.702 grams per cubic centimeter) and that they could not be resolved by buoyant density centrifugation in cscl. difference in renaturation behavior of the chloroplast and nuclear dna was used as the criterion for distinguishing o ... | 1970 | 5500210 |