| an oligonucleotide microarray for microrna expression analysis based on labeling rna with quantum dot and nanogold probe. | micrornas (mirnas) play important regulatory roles in animals and plants by targeting mrnas for cleavage or translational repression. they have diverse expression patterns and might regulate various developmental and physiological processes. profiling mirna expression is very helpful for studying biological functions of mirnas. we report a novel mirna profiling microarray, in which mirnas were directly labeled at the 3' terminus with biotin and hybridized with complementary oligo-dna probes immo ... | 2005 | 15684409 |
| proteomic analysis of salt stress-responsive proteins in rice root. | salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses in agriculture worldwide. we report here a systematic proteomic approach to investigate the salt stress-responsive proteins in rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare). three-week-old seedlings were treated with 150 mm nacl for 24, 48 and 72 h. total proteins of roots were extracted and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. more than 1100 protein spots were reproducibly detected, including 34 that were up-regulated and 20 down-regulated. ... | 2005 | 15672456 |
| genetic dissection of embryo sac fertility, pollen fertility, and their contributions to spikelet fertility of intersubspecific hybrids in rice. | the partial sterility of hybrids has been a major barrier for utilization of the strong heterosis expressed in hybrids between oryza sativa ssp. indica and o. sativa ssp. japonica. wide-compatibility varieties, comprising a special class of germplasm, are able to produce fertile hybrids when crossed to both indica and japonica varieties. however, all the work on wide compatibility and majority of studies on indica/japonica hybrid sterility reported so far were based only on spikelet fertility; t ... | 2005 | 15672255 |
| [evaluation efficiency of different bioassay methods on allelopathic potential of oryza sativa]. | in this paper, three bioassay methods, i.e., relay seeding in agar (rsa), relay seeding in silica (rss) and seeding in rice root-exudation (sre), were used to test the allelopathic potential of 8 rice cultivars on the target weed barnyardgrass (echinochloa crusgalli). the results indicated that rsa was the ideal method for the bioassay, showing the highest efficiency in the evaluation of allelopathic potential. rss and sre had a lower efficiency than rsa, but these two methods showed the same te ... | 2004 | 15669487 |
| isolation and characterization of a ds-tagged rice (oryza sativa l.) ga-responsive dwarf mutant defective in an early step of the gibberellin biosynthesis pathway. | we have isolated a severe dwarf transposon (ds) insertion mutant in rice (oryza sativa l.), which could be differentiated early in the seedling stage by reduced shoot growth and dark green leaves, and later by severe dwarfism and failure to initiate flowering. these mutants, however, showed normal seed germination and root growth. one of the sequences flanking ds, rescued from the mutant, was of a chromosome 4-located putative ent-kaurene synthase (ks) gene, encoding the enzyme catalyzing the se ... | 2005 | 15668792 |
| effect of rice bug leptocorisa oratorius (hemiptera: alydidae) on rice yield, grain quality, and seed viability. | the effect of leptocorisa oratorius (f.) on the yield, grain quality, and seed viability of four rice, oryza sativa l., lines was studied. three of the lines, c2, ir64, and psbrc20, are grown in the philippines. the fourth, ir72164-201-1 is an unreleased experimental line of an o. sativa japonica x o. sativa indica cross. each line was exposed to four infestation densities for 21 d. l. oratorius feeding produced unfilled and partially filled grains, resulting in a negative correlation of yield t ... | 2004 | 15666746 |
| comparative actions of clomazone on beta-carotene levels and growth in rice (oryza sativa) and watergrasses (echinochloa spp). | seedlings of rice, early watergrass (thiobencarb-resistant and thiobencarb-susceptible biotypes, r and s, respectively), and late watergrass (thiobencarb-resistant and thiobencarb-susceptible biotypes, r and s, respectively) were hydroponically exposed to clomazone at concentrations ranging from 0.08 to 7.9 microm. whole-plant growth (mg fresh wt) and beta-carotene concentrations (microg g(-1) fresh wt) were measured after a 7-day exposure period. for growth, the no observed effect concentration ... | 2005 | 15662718 |
| excision of a selectable marker in transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.) using a chemically regulated cre/loxp system. | removal of a selectable marker gene from genetically modified (gm) crops alleviates the risk of its release into the environment and hastens the public acceptance of gm crops. here we report the production of marker-free transgenic rice by using a chemically regulated, cre/loxp-mediated site-specific dna recombination in a single transformation. among 86 independent transgenic lines, ten were found to be marker-free in the t0 generation and an additional 17 lines segregated marker-free transgeni ... | 2005 | 15662501 |
| genetic analysis of non-essential amino acid contents in rice (oryza sativa l.) across environments. | genetic main effects and genotype x environment (ge) interaction effects for 7 non-essential amino acids in milled rice were analyzed for two year data by using the genetic models based on mixed linear model approaches for quantitative traits of triploid endosperm. nine cytoplasmic, male sterile lines as females and five restoring lines as males were introduced in a diallel cross in two environments. it was found that the content of non-essential amino acids including asp, ser, glu, gly and tyr ... | 2004 | 15660973 |
| evolution of dna sequence nonhomologies among maize inbreds. | allelic chromosomal regions totaling more than 2.8 mb and located on maize (zea mays) chromosomes 1l, 2s, 7l, and 9s have been sequenced and compared over distances of 100 to 350 kb between the two maize inbred lines mo17 and b73. the alleles contain extended regions of nonhomology. on average, more than 50% of the compared sequence is noncolinear, mainly because of the insertion of large numbers of long terminal repeat (ltr)-retrotransposons. only 27 ltr-retroelements are shared between alleles ... | 2005 | 15659640 |
| large intraspecific haplotype variability at the rph7 locus results from rapid and recent divergence in the barley genome. | to study genome evolution and diversity in barley (hordeum vulgare), we have sequenced and compared more than 300 kb of sequence spanning the rph7 leaf rust disease resistance gene in two barley cultivars. colinearity was restricted to five genic and two intergenic regions representing <35% of the two sequences. in each interval separating the seven conserved regions, the number and type of repetitive elements were completely different between the two homologous sequences, and a single gene was ... | 2005 | 15659632 |
| biological ontologies in rice databases. an introduction to the activities in gramene and oryzabase. | an enormous amount of information and materials in the field of biology has been accumulating, such as nucleotide and amino acid sequences, gene and protein functions, mutants and their phenotypes, and literature references, produced by the rapid development in this field. effective use of the information may strongly promote biological studies, and may lead to many important findings. it is, however, time-consuming and laborious for individual researchers to collect information from individual ... | 2005 | 15659431 |
| genetic structure and diversity in oryza sativa l. | the population structure of domesticated species is influenced by the natural history of the populations of predomesticated ancestors, as well as by the breeding system and complexity of the breeding practices exercised by humans. within oryza sativa, there is an ancient and well-established divergence between the two major subspecies, indica and japonica, but finer levels of genetic structure are suggested by the breeding history. in this study, a sample of 234 accessions of rice was genotyped ... | 2005 | 15654106 |
| isolation and identification of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored arabinogalactan proteins and novel beta-glucosyl yariv-reactive proteins from seeds of rice (oryza sativa). | arabinogalactan proteins (agps) are highly glycosylated extracellular glycoproteins playing important roles in plant growth and development. we have previously reported the possibility that agps are involved in the induction of alpha-amylase by gibberellin (ga) in barley aleurone layers by using the beta-glucosyl yariv reagent (beta-glcy), which has been presumed to specifically bind agps. in this present study, we isolated beta-glcy-reactive proteins from rice bran rich in aleurone cells. the n ... | 2004 | 15653800 |
| [stable expression of qtl for grain shape of milled rice (oryza sativa l. ) using a cssls population]. | a set of chromosome segment substitution lines (cssls), derived from asominori/ir24 with asominori as the recurrent parent,was planted and phenotyped for grain length (gl), grain width (gw) and length-width ratio (lwr) of milled rice in two successive years and four sites. qtl for gl,gw and lwr were characterized and stability of their expression was investigated. the phenotypic values for each trait showed a continuous distribution and some transgressive lines were also observed in the cssls po ... | 2004 | 15651681 |
| bacterial diversity in selenium reduction of agricultural drainage water amended with rice straw. | bacterial reduction of the se oxyanions selenate [se(vi)] and selenite [se(iv)] to elemental selenium [se0] is an important biological process in removing se from drainage water. this study was conducted to characterize the molecular diversity of bacterial populations involved in se reduction of drainage water amended with rice (oryza sativa l.) straw and also to monitor the bacterial community shifts during the course of the study. selenate was removed in the drainage water by the bacteria 5 to ... | 2015 | 15647552 |
| acclimation of photosynthesis to high irradiance in rice: gene expression and interactions with leaf development. | rice (oryza sativa l.) has been used to study the long-term responses of photosynthesis to high irradiance focusing on the composition of the photosynthetic apparatus and leaf morphology. typical sun/shade differences in chloroplast composition are seen in the fifth leaf following growth in high irradiance compared with low irradiance (1000 and 200 micromol m(-2) s(-1), respectively): higher light-saturated rates of photosynthesis (p(max)), higher amounts of rubisco protein, and a lower chloroph ... | 2005 | 15647315 |
| computational analysis suggests that alternative first exons are involved in tissue-specific transcription in rice (oryza sativa). | transcription start site selection and alternative splicing greatly contribute to diversifying gene expression. recent studies have revealed the existence of alternative first exons, but most have involved mammalian genes, and as yet the regulation of usage of alternative first exons has not been clarified, especially in plants. | 2005 | 15647298 |
| identification and cloning of a submergence-induced gene osggt (glycogenin glucosyltransferase) from rice (oryza sativa l.) by suppression subtractive hybridization. | a submergence-induced gene, osggt, was cloned from 7-day submerged rice (oryza sativa l. plants, fr13a (a submergence-tolerant cultivar, indica), using suppression subtractive hybridization and both 5'- and 3'-rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the full-length osggt cdna contains 1,273 bp with an open reading frame of 1,140 bp (17-1,156) that encodes 379 amino acids. its deduced amino acid sequence is homologous with glycogenin glucosyltransferase. we found that the osggt gene is located i ... | 2005 | 15645304 |
| [the cloning and expression of a novel rpdcd5 gene from rice]. | an est related to the gene pcd was isolated from ssh (suppression subtractive hybridization) library of callus tissues of rice (oryza sativa l.). primers were designed to obtain its complete cdna encoding putative apoptosis-related protein from shanyou 63 (oryza sativa l.). sequencing indicated that the gene contained a 387 bp open reading frame, which encodes a protein containing 128 aa. sequence alignment showed that the deduced protein is highly homologous to the known pdcd5. real time quanti ... | 2004 | 15640122 |
| [a novel method of extracting total rna from rice embryo samples]. | a novel and simple ctab-licl-based extraction method for high-quality and total rna of rice embryo samples is developed. this method can efficiently eliminate the interference of polysaccharide and lipids rich in rice (oryza sativa l.) embryo obtained under room temperature without using liquid nitrogen. the results of ultraviolet spectrophotometer and agarose gel electrophoresis analysis show that the obtained rna has no obvious degradation and a good purity sufficient for further rt-pcr and rn ... | 2003 | 15639856 |
| [effects of water managements on soil nematode communities in a paddy field]. | this paper studied the effect of water managements on the abundance, trophic groups and community composition of soil nematodes in a paddy field in the lower reaches of liaohe plain at the depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm during rice (oryza sativa l.) growth season. the total number of nematodes at 0-10 cm soil depth was lower in percolation-controlling treatments than in control during pre-tillage and yellow ripeness stage. no significant difference was found in the total number of nema ... | 2004 | 15624836 |
| isolation, characterization and expression analysis of a leaf-specific phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene in oryza sativa. | suppression subtractive hybridization was carried out to enrich gene fragments over-expressed in rice leaves by subtraction to rice roots, from which two identical cdna fragments were identified to encode putative phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. then the corresponding full-length cdna (osppc) is isolated by rt-pcr and sequenced, which indicates an open reading frame of 2895bp is contained. its deduced protein is encoded in 10 exons and shows high similarity to many other plant pepcs. comparing ... | 2004 | 15620214 |
| assessment of acetolactate synthase (als) tolerance to imazethapyr in red rice ecotypes (oryza spp) and imidazolinone tolerant/ resistant rice (oryza sativa) varieties. | three red rice ecotypes (oryza spp), including la 5, ms 5 and tx 4, were evaluated for acetolactate synthase resistance/tolerance to imazethapyr. the red rice ecotypes were compared with a tolerant line (cl-121), a resistant line (cl-161) and a conventional rice variety (cypress). based on enzymatic activity, the mean i(50) values were 1.5, 1.1, 1.5, 1.6, 20.8 and 590.6 microm imazethapyr, respectively, for la 5, ms 5, tx 4, cypress, cl-121 and cl-161. cl-161 was 32 times more resistant than cl- ... | 2005 | 15619733 |
| a novel cis-element that is responsive to oxidative stress regulates three antioxidant defense genes in rice. | all organisms have defense systems against oxidative stress that include multiple genes of antioxidant defense. these genes are induced by reactive oxygen species under condition of oxidative stress. in this study, we found that a 28-bp motif is conserved on the promoter regions of three antioxidant defense genes in rice (oryza sativa): cytosolic superoxide dismutase (sodcc1), cytosolic thioredoxin (trxh), and glutaredoxin (grx). we demonstrated that the 28-bp sequence acts as a cis-element resp ... | 2005 | 15618434 |
| annotations and functional analyses of the rice wrky gene superfamily reveal positive and negative regulators of abscisic acid signaling in aleurone cells. | the wrky proteins are a superfamily of regulators that control diverse developmental and physiological processes. this family was believed to be plant specific until the recent identification of wrky genes in nonphotosynthetic eukaryotes. we have undertaken a comprehensive computational analysis of the rice (oryza sativa) genomic sequences and predicted the structures of 81 oswrky genes, 48 of which are supported by full-length cdna sequences. eleven oswrky proteins contain two conserved wrky do ... | 2005 | 15618416 |
| a set of three genes regulates photoperiodic responses of flowering in rice (oryza sativa). | differentiation in photoperiodic response of flowering has been key to the evolution and wide geographic distribution of rice, an essentially short-day plant. crosses were made such that the hybrid f1 plants flower later than the late-flowering parents to investigate the genetic basis underlying this differentiation. from initial experiments, three major genes for flowering time were identified from four naturally occurring variants under natural long-day conditions. an f2-derived trigenic mutan ... | 2004 | 15609572 |
| identification and fine mapping of a mutant gene for palealess spikelet in rice. | in grass, the evolutionary relationship between lemma and palea, and their relationship to the flower organs in dicots have been variously interpreted and wildely debated. in the present study, we carried out morphological and genetic analysis of a palealess mutant (pal) from rice (oryza sativa l.), and fine mapping the gene responsible for the mutated trait. together, our findings indicate that the palea is replaced by two leaf-like structures in the pal flowers, and this trait is controlled by ... | 2005 | 15605239 |
| a role of osga20ox1 , encoding an isoform of gibberellin 20-oxidase, for regulation of plant stature in rice. | gibberellin (ga) 20-oxidase (ga20ox) is a key enzyme that normally catalyzes the penultimate steps in ga biosynthesis. one of the ga20ox genes in rice (oryza sativa l.), osga20ox2 ( sd1 ), is well known as the "green revolution gene", and loss-of function mutation in this locus causes semi-dwarfism. another ga20ox gene, osga20ox1, has also been identified, but its contribution to plant stature has remained unclear because no suitable mutants have been available. we isolated a mutant, b142, tagge ... | 2004 | 15604710 |
| a genetic and structural analysis of the n-glycosylation capabilities. | the recent draft sequencing of the rice (oryza sativa) genome has enabled a genetic analysis of the glycosylation capabilities of an agroeconomically important group of plants, the monocotyledons. in this study, we have not only identified genes putatively encoding enzymes involved in n-glycosylation, but have examined by maldi-tof ms the structures of the n-glycans of rice and other monocotyledons (maize, wheat and dates; zea mays, triticum aestivum and phoenix dactylifera); these data show tha ... | 2004 | 15604706 |
| [the structural, transcriptional and homology analysis of two frr genes in rice]. | two rice (oryza sativa subsp. japonica cv. nipponbare) ribosome recycling factor genes--osfrra and osfrrb had been identified and characterized in this study. the gene osfrra is located on chromosome 4 while osfrrb on chromosome 7. no other homologue is found in rice organelle genomes. both genes are unique in rice genome and constitutively expressed. the n-terminal character of their encoded protein products suggests that the proteins are transferred to mitochondrion and chloroplast respectivel ... | 2004 | 15583417 |
| [inducible expression of osebp-89 gene in rice]. | osebp-89 gene was an erebp (ethylene responsive elements binding protein) transcription factor from rice (oryza sativa). northern blot analysis revealed that the expression of osebp-89 gene can be induced by acc, 2,4-d, aba, br, ja, ga, 6-ba and salt. we found an ethylene responsive element-like ere (ethylene responsive element), named ivc box, in the promoter region (-552 to -510) of osebp-89 gene. emsa results showed the ivc box could specifically bind with nuclear proteins extracted from imma ... | 2004 | 15583414 |
| [genetic analysis of a heading-delayed mutant by t-dna insertion in rice (oryza sativa l.)]. | transposon tagging was used to isolate genes in higher plant. in this study, a delayed heading mutant caused by t-dna insertion in rice was identified. genetic analysis of the mutant showed that the three types of phenotype, normal heading, delayed heading and overly delayed heading in the segregating populations derived from the t-dna heterozygotes fit the ratio of 1:2:1. test for basta resistance showed the delayed heading plants were all resistant while the normal heading plants were suscepti ... | 2004 | 15583412 |
| comparison of qtl controlling seedling vigour under different temperature conditions using recombinant inbred lines in rice (oryza sativa). | seedling vigour is one of the major determinants for stable stand establishment in rice (oryza sativa), especially in a direct seeding cropping system. the objectives of this study were to identify superior alleles with consistent effects on seedling vigour across different temperature conditions and to investigate genotype x environmental temperature interactions for seedling vigour qtl. | 2005 | 15574482 |
| the jasmonate-free rice mutant hebiba is affected in the response of phya'/phya" pools and protochlorophyllide biosynthesis to far-red light. | phytochrome (phy) a in its two native isoforms (phya' and phya") and the active (pchlide(655)) and inactive (pchlide(633)) protochlorophyllides were investigated by low-temperature fluorescence spectroscopy in the tips of rice (oryza sativa l. japonica cv nihonmasari) coleoptiles from wild type (wt) and the jasmonate-deficient mutant hebiba. the seedlings were either grown in the dark or under pulsed (frp) or continuous (frc) far-red light (lambda(a) >/= 720 nm) of equal fluences. in the dark, t ... | 2015 | 15570396 |
| identification of genes responsive to brown planthopper nilaparvata lugens stal (homoptera: delphacidae) feeding in rice. | the brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens stal) is a rice (oryza sativa l.)-specific herbivore that ingests assimilates from the phloem, which leads to stunted growth and therefore poor yield of rice. in this study, 27 planthopper-responsive genes in rice plants were isolated by suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh), and confirmed by filter cdna array hybridization and northern blot analysis. among these transcripts, 25 were induced and 2 were suppressed by n. lugens feeding. the responsiv ... | 2005 | 15558307 |
| [inheritance of bc1 gene in intersubspecific hybrids of rice (oryza sativa l.)]. | distorted segregation of the brittle culm-1 gene (bc1) on rice chromosome 3 was found with greatly increased or decreased frequency of bc1 bc1 genotype in inter-subspecific hybrids, although the gene normally transmitted to its offspring following the mendelian law in intra-subspecific hybrids. in a combination of kamairazu//ketan nangka/kamairazu,an increased frequency of bc1 bc1 in f1, normal segregation in f2, and increased and decreased frequency in a few f3 and f4 lines were observed. in a ... | 2004 | 15552049 |
| identification and characterization of a qtl on chromosome 2 for cytosolic glutamine synthetase content and panicle number in rice. | a quantitative trait locus (qtl) associated with the protein content of cytosolic glutamine synthetase (gs1; ec 6.3.1.2) in senescing leaves, panicle number, and panicle weight was characterized in rice (oryza sativa l.). a near-isogenic line (nil), c-22, developed by marker-assisted selection was grown under different nitrogen levels in the greenhouse and in a paddy field. chromosome 2 of c-22 had an approximately 50-cm segment substituted from the kasalath (indica) chromosome in a koshihikari ... | 2004 | 15549232 |
| epistasis underlying female sterility detected in hybrid breakdown in a japonica-indica cross of rice (oryza sativa l.). | epistasis is considered to be a primary genetic basis of hybrid breakdown. we found novel epistatic genes causing hybrid breakdown in an intraspecific cross of cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.). f2 progeny derived from a cross between a japonica variety, asominori, and an indica variety, ir24, showed segregation of high sterility for seeds, even though the reciprocal f1 hybrids showed about 60% seed fertility. backcross populations (bc3f2, bc3f3), obtained from repeated backcrossing with asomino ... | 2005 | 15549230 |
| interactive effects of al, ca and other cations on root elongation of rice cultivars under low ph. | as with other crop species, al tolerance in rice (oryza sativa) is widely different among cultivars, and the mechanism for tolerance is unknown. the ca2+-displacement hypothesis, that is, al displaces ca2+ from critical sites in the root apoplast, was predicted to be the essential mechanism for causing al toxicity in rice cultivars. if displacement of ca is an essential cause of al toxicity in rice, al toxicity may show the same trend as toxicities of elements such as sr and ba that are effectiv ... | 2005 | 15546924 |
| sequence and comparative analysis of the maize nb mitochondrial genome. | the nb mitochondrial genome found in most fertile varieties of commercial maize (zea mays subsp. mays) was sequenced. the 569,630-bp genome maps as a circle containing 58 identified genes encoding 33 known proteins, 3 ribosomal rnas, and 21 trnas that recognize 14 amino acids. among the 22 group ii introns identified, 7 are trans-spliced. there are 121 open reading frames (orfs) of at least 300 bp, only 3 of which exist in the mitochondrial genome of rice (oryza sativa). in total, the identified ... | 2004 | 15542500 |
| rice contains two disparate ent-copalyl diphosphate synthases with distinct metabolic functions. | rice (oryza sativa) produces ent-copalyl diphosphate for both gibberellin (ga) phytohormone and defensive phytoalexin biosynthesis, raising the question of how this initial biosynthetic step is carried out for these distinct metabolic processes. here, a functional genomics approach has been utilized to identify two disparate ent-copalyl diphosphate synthases from rice (oscps1ent and oscps2ent). notably, it was very recently demonstrated that only one of these (oscps1ent) normally operates in ga ... | 2004 | 15542489 |
| cell wall changes involved in the automorphic curvature of rice coleoptiles under microgravity conditions in space. | seedlings of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. koshihikari and cv. tan-ginbozu) were cultivated on board the space shuttle sts-95 mission and changes in the morphology and the cell wall properties of coleoptiles were analyzed. in space, rice coleoptiles showed a spontaneous (automorphic) curvature toward the caryopsis in the elongating region. the angle of automorphic curvature was larger in koshihikari than in a gibberellin-deficient dwarf cultivar, tan-ginbozu, and the angle gradually decreased during ... | 2004 | 15538652 |
| computational identification and sequence analysis of stop codon readthrough genes in oryza sativa. | using an approach based on the readthrough candidate extraction system (rces), we extracted 111 candidates from 9620 gene sequences of rice. the results of homology search and sequence analysis demonstrated that these candidates included actual readthrough genes that would be important for further investigating the mechanism of translation termination regulated by readthrough event, and could also give some useful clues for functional genome annotation. between the candidates and non-candidates ... | 2004 | 15527943 |
| a new 2-arylbenzofuran with antioxidant activity from the black colored rice (oryza sativa l.) bran. | from the black colored rice bran of oryza sativa cv. heugjinjubyeo, a new 2-arylbenzofuran, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-dihydroxybenzofuran-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester, oryzafuran (1), was isolated. its structure has been elucidated on the basis of spectral data. this compound showed strong antioxidative activity in a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay. | 2004 | 15516765 |
| identification and molecular characterization of novel anther-specific genes in oryza sativa l. by using cdna microarray. | the complicated genetic pathway regulates the developmental programs of male reproductive organ, anther tissues. to understand these molecular mechanisms, we performed cdna microarray analyses and in situ hybridization to monitor gene expression patterns during anther development in rice. microarray analysis of 4,304 cdna clones revealed that the hybridization signal of 396 cdna clones (271 non-redundant groups) increased more than six-fold in every stage of the anthers compared with that of lea ... | 2004 | 15514441 |
| genomic paleontology provides evidence for two distinct origins of asian rice (oryza sativa l.). | the origin of rice domestication has been the subject of debate for several decades. we have compared the transpositional history of 110 ltr retrotransposons in the genomes of two rice varieties, nipponbare (japonica type) and 93-11 (indica type) whose complete sequences have recently been released. using a genomic paleontology approach, we estimate that these two genomes diverged from one another at least 200,000 years ago, i.e., at a time which is clearly older than the date of domestication o ... | 2004 | 15503144 |
| a rapid and efficient transformation protocol for the grass brachypodium distachyon. | a fast and efficient microprojectile bombardment-mediated transformation protocol is reported for the grass species brachypodium distachyon, a proposed alternative model plant to oryza sativa for functional genomics in grasses. embryogenic calli derived from immature embryos were transformed by a construct containing the uida (coding for beta-glucuronidase) and bar (coding for phosphinothricin acetyl transferase) genes, and bialaphos, a non-selective herbicide, was used as the selection agent th ... | 2005 | 15503032 |
| single nucleotide polymorphisms in randomly selected genes among japonica rice (oryza sativa l.) varieties identified by pcr-rf-sscp. | dna polymorphism of randomly selected genes in rice cultivars was analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-single strand conformation polymorphism (pcr-rf-sscp) technique. single dna fragments were amplified from genomic dna of the nipponbare cultivar by 671 primer pairs among the 1000 primer pairs tested. pcr-rf-sscp analysis using the 671 primer pairs detected polymorphism in 108 dna fragments between 17 japonica paddy-rice cultivars. an average of 36.9 dna fragments show ... | 2004 | 15500252 |
| effects of the interactions between selenium and phosphorus on the growth and selenium accumulation in rice (oryza sativa). | the solution culture, paddy soil culture and the simulation experiments in the laboratory were conducted to clarify the interactions between selenium and phosphorus, and its effects on the growth and selenium accumulation in rice. results revealed that a suitable supply of selenium could promote rice growth and excessive selenium could injure rice plant, causing lower biomass, especially in the roots. the supply of selenite could enhance the selenium contents of rice shoots and roots in solution ... | 2017 | 15499790 |
| development and mapping of est-derived simple sequence repeat markers for hexaploid wheat. | expressed sequence tags (ests) are a valuable source of molecular markers. to enhance the resolution of an existing linkage map and to identify putative functional polymorphic gene loci in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.), over 260,000 ests from 5 different grass species were analyzed and 5418 ssr-containing sequences were identified. using sequence similarity analysis, 156 cross-species superclusters and 138 singletons were used to develop primer pairs, which were then tested on the genom ... | 2004 | 15499395 |
| quantitative analyses of relationships between ecotoxicological effects and combined pollution. | the responses of wheat triticum aestivum, rice oryza sativa, earthworms eisenia foetida, and prawns penaeus japonicus to combined acetochlor-cu, cd-zn were studied in hydroponic and soil-culturing systems using the methods of ecotoxicology. in particular, systematically quantitative analyses were documented by field experiments. results showed that ecotoxicological effects under the combined pollution were not only related to chemical properties of pollutants but also dependent on the concentrat ... | 2004 | 15493474 |
| the trna and rrna genes in the oryza sativa genome. | in the recently assembled genomes of rice oryza sativa ssp. indica and japonica, we identified 564 and 519 trna genes, respectively. the modified wobble hypothesis, namely, at least 46 trna species must present in order to decode all 61 possible anticodons, is perfectly observed in both subspecies. among the 46 trna species, indica and japonica have many identical ones in sequence. there are 18 rice trna species that have identical counterparts in arabidopsis. in the indica superscaffold dataset ... | 2004 | 15493135 |
| inheritance and qtl mapping of low temperature germinability in rice (oryza sativa l.). | quantitative trait loci (qtl) controlling low temperature germinability (ltg) in rice were identified using 81 recombinant inbreed lines (rils) derived from a cross between a japonica variety kinmaze and an indica variety dv85. the accurate condition of ltg evaluation was assumed at 15 degrees c for 10 d after removing the effect of dormancy and the second dormancy. by setting check, the scores of ltg in this study were evaluated. the germination rate at 15 degrees c for 10 d was scored to repre ... | 2004 | 15473322 |
| characterization of the silicon uptake system and molecular mapping of the silicon transporter gene in rice. | rice (oryza sativa l. cv oochikara) is a typical silicon-accumulating plant, but the mechanism responsible for the high silicon uptake by the roots is poorly understood. we characterized the silicon uptake system in rice roots by using a low-silicon rice mutant (lsi1) and wild-type rice. a kinetic study showed that the concentration of silicon in the root symplastic solution increased with increasing silicon concentrations in the external solution but saturated at a higher concentration in both ... | 2004 | 15448199 |
| diterpene cyclases responsible for the biosynthesis of phytoalexins, momilactones a, b, and oryzalexins a-f in rice. | rice (oryza sativa l.) produces diterpene phytoalexins, such as momilactones, oryzalexins, and phytocassanes. using rice genome information and in vitro assay with recombinant enzymes, we identified genes (osks4 and osks10) encoding the type-a diterpene cyclases 9beta-pimara-7,15-diene synthase and ent-sandaracopimaradiene synthase which are involved in the biosynthesis of momilactones a, b and oryzalexins a-f respectively. transcript levels of these two genes increased remarkably after ultravio ... | 2004 | 15388982 |
| four rice genes encoding nadp malic enzyme exhibit distinct expression profiles. | in plants, the nadp malic enzymes (nadp-mes) are encoded by small gene families. these nadp-me gene families are relatively well described in c4 plants but not well studied in c3 plants. in this study, we investigated the nadp-me gene family in a model c3 monocot plant (rice, oryza sativa) based on its recently released genomic dna sequence. we found that the rice nadp-me family is composed of four members, one plastidic nadp-me and three cytosolic versions. although the rice nadp-me genes ident ... | 2004 | 15388961 |
| comparative toxicity of thiobencarb and deschlorothiobencarb to rice (oryza sativa). | | 2004 | 15386094 |
| phosphorus deficiency-induced root elongation and its qtl in rice (oryza sativa l.). | a significant level of root elongation was induced in rice (oryza sativa) grown under phosphorus-deficient conditions. the root elongation clearly varied among a total of 62 varieties screened under two different phosphorus levels. two contrasting varieties, 'gimbozu', with a low elongating response and 'kasalath', with a high elongating response, were chosen and crossed to produce a hybrid population for qtl analyses. qtls for the phosphorus deficiency-induced root elongation were detected by t ... | 2004 | 15375618 |
| pistil induction by hormones from callus of oryza sativa in vitro. | this study describes the successful formation of floral organ pistil from the callus of pistil explants of oryza sativa l. for induction of floral organs, different explants--including young embryo, lemma, palea and pistil--were used for callus induction with different combinations of n(6)-benzyladenine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d). high frequencies of callus formation from pistil and young embryo explants were achieved. floral organs were induced after calli from pistils were tran ... | 2004 | 15365761 |
| qtls for branching, floret formation, and pre-flowering floret abortion of rice panicle in a temperate japonica x tropical japonica cross. | a large panicle with numerous florets is essential for improving rice ( oryza sativa l.) yield. rice panicle size is determined by such underlying morphogenetic processes as: (1) primary branch formation on the panicle axis; (2) floret formation on the primary branches (mainly determined by the secondary branch formation); and (3) pre-flowering abortion of florets in the panicle. we examined qtls for these processes to understand how they are integrated into panicle size. we developed 106 backcr ... | 2004 | 15365628 |
| ectopic expression of a cold-inducible transcription factor, cbf1/dreb1b, in transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.). | the gene encoding c-repeat/dehydration-responsive element binding factor 1 (cbf1/dreb1b) of arabidopsis was introduced into rice (oryza sativa l.) under the control of the maize ubiquitin promoter. its incorporation and expression in transgenic rice plants were confirmed by dna and rna gel-blot analyses. cold tolerance in the transgenics was not significantly different from that of the wild-type plants, as determined by ion leakage, chlorophyll fluorescence, and survival rates. however, the cold ... | 2004 | 15359131 |
| weed genomics: new tools to understand weed biology. | in spite of the large yield losses that weeds inflict on crops, we know little about the genomics of economically important weed species. comparative genomics between plant model species and weeds, map-based approaches, genomic sequencing and functional genomics can play vital roles in understanding and dissecting weedy traits of agronomically important weed species that damage crops. weed genomics research should increase our understanding of the evolution of herbicide resistance and of the bas ... | 2004 | 15358270 |
| isolation and characterization of two cdnas encoding translation initiation factor 1a from rice(oryza sativa l.). | the eukaryotic initiation factor 1a(eif1a) is essential for transferring of the initiator met-trna to 40s ribosomal subunits to form the 40s pre-initiation complex. in present study, we describe the cloning and characterization of two eif1a genes from rice, which were designated as oryza sativa eukaryotic initiation factor 1a genes oseif1a-1, oseif1a-2, respectively. both rice elf1as shared high identities in amino acids with eif1a proteins from other eukaryotes. the mrna expression analysis rev ... | 2004 | 15354353 |
| [a comparatively histological observation on the megagametophytic abortion of female-sterile rice fs-1 and its maternal parent fujisaka 5]. | a female-sterile rice fs-1, derived from the progeny of a backcross of f1 of fujisaka 5 (oryza sativa subsp. japonica, fj) and tjina (oryza sativa subsp. indica) with fj were used for histological study of megagametophytic abortion. fs-1 has a very low spikelet fertility (about 3%) and was regarded to have no true embryo sac. paraffin sectioning was adopted to study the megagametophytic development of fs-1 compared with its maternal parent fj. the materials were cultivated in field condition in ... | 2002 | 15346990 |
| [isolation of aba-regulated genes in oryza sativa through fluorescent differential display pcr (fdd-pcr)]. | abscisic acid (aba) was critical in plant seed development and response to environmental factors such as stress situations. to study the possible aba related signaling transduction pathways, we tried to isolate the aba-regulated genes through fluorescent differential display pcr (fdd-pcr) technology using rice seedling as materials (treated with aba for 2, 4, 8 and 12h). in the 17 fragments isolated, 14 and 3 clones were up-and down-regulated respectively. sequence analyses revealed that the enc ... | 2002 | 15346981 |
| ultrastructural localization of atpase in mature tracheary elements of rice (oryza sativa l.) stamen. | the development of mature tracheary elements (tes) of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nongkeng 58s-sd) stamen from big-vacuole to trinucleate pollen stage was studied with lead phosphate--deposition technique. at big-vacuole pollen stage, mature tes, both in filament and connective, were short of atpase activity. however, atpase activity appeared at binucleate pollen stage; in filament, one or two vascular bundle cell (s) next to te degenerated earlier than the rest; and the plasma membrane of degener ... | 2002 | 15344328 |
| biological functions of ent- and syn-copalyl diphosphate synthases in rice: key enzymes for the branch point of gibberellin and phytoalexin biosynthesis. | rice (oryza sativa l.) produces ent-copalyl diphosphate (ent-cdp) and syn-cdp as precursors for several classes of phytoalexins and the phytohormones, gibberellins (gas). it has recently been shown that a loss-of-function mutation of oscps1, a gene encoding a putative ent-cdp synthase, results in a severely ga-deficient dwarf phenotype in rice. to clarify the biological functions of the ent- and syn-cdp synthases involved in the biosynthesis of phytoalexins and/or gas, we isolated two cdnas, osc ... | 2004 | 15341631 |
| [alteration of protein and amino acid components and rubisco activity in leaves of thermo-sensitive mutant line of rice during induced of green and yellow banding]. | we have determined the rubisco components and activity, whole leaf protein and amino acid components of thermo-sensitive mutant line 1103s of rice (oryza sativa ssp. indica) leaves during induces green and yellow banding in this study. the results are as follows: the structure and components of rubisco in the mutant are the same as in the wild form and relatively stable, but the activity of the mutant rubisco greatly changes as a special protein of molecular weight 56.2 kd (pi=4.5) appears and d ... | 2004 | 15323419 |
| a rice semi-dwarf gene, tan-ginbozu (d35), encodes the gibberellin biosynthesis enzyme, ent-kaurene oxidase. | a rice (oryza sativa l.) semi-dwarf cultivar, tan-ginbozu (d35tan-ginbozu), contributed to the increase in crop productivity in japan in the 1950s. previous studies suggested that the semi-dwarf stature of d35tan-ginbozu is caused by a defective early step of gibberellin biosynthesis, which is catalyzed by ent-kaurene oxidase (ko). to study the molecular characteristics of d35tan-ginbozu, we isolated 5 ko-like (kol) genes from the rice genome, which encoded proteins highly homologous to arabidop ... | 2004 | 15316288 |
| monitoring of gene expression profiles and isolation of candidate genes involved in pollination and fertilization in rice ( oryza sativa l.) with a 10k cdna microarray. | to monitor gene expression profiles during pollination and fertilization in rice at a genome scale, we generated 73,424 high-quality expressed sequence tags (ests) derived from the green/etiolated shoot and pistil (0-5 h after pollination, 5hp) of rice, which were subsequently used to construct a cdna microarray containing ca. 10 000 unique rice genes. this microarray was used to analyze gene expression in pistil unpollinated (up), 5hp and 5dap(5 days after pollination), anther, shoot, root, 10- ... | 2004 | 15316284 |
| sugar utilization and anoxia tolerance in rice roots acclimated by hypoxic pretreatment. | although most cereal roots cannot elongate under anoxic conditions, primary roots of three-day-old rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings were able to elongate during a 24-h period of anoxia. hypoxic pretreatment (h-pt) increased the elongation of their roots. sucrose synthase (ec 2.4.1.13), glucokinase (ec 2.7.1.2), fructokinase (ec 2.7.1.4), pyruvate decarboxylase (ec 4.1.1.1) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.1) activities were increased by anoxia in both h-pt and non-pretreated (n-pt) roots. how ... | 2004 | 15310069 |
| identification of syn-pimara-7,15-diene synthase reveals functional clustering of terpene synthases involved in rice phytoalexin/allelochemical biosynthesis. | rice (oryza sativa) produces momilactone diterpenoids as both phytoalexins and allelochemicals. accordingly, the committed step in biosynthesis of these natural products is catalyzed by the class i terpene synthase that converts syn-copalyl diphosphate to the corresponding polycyclic hydrocarbon intermediate syn-pimara-7,15-diene. here, a functional genomics approach was utilized to identify a syn-copalyl diphosphate specific 9beta-pimara-7,15-diene synthase (osdts2). to our knowledge, this is t ... | 2004 | 15299118 |
| lipid binding in rice nonspecific lipid transfer protein-1 complexes from oryza sativa. | nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (nsltps) facilitate the transfer of phospholipids, glycolipids, fatty acids and steroids between membranes, with wide-ranging binding affinities. three crystal structures of rice nsltp1 from oryza sativa, complexed with myristic (myr), palmitic (pal) or stearic acid (ste) were determined. the overall structures of the rice nsltp1 complexes belong to the four-helix bundle folding with a long c-terminal loop. the nsltp1-myr and the nsltp1-ste complexes bind a si ... | 2004 | 15295114 |
| a partial sequence of lipoxygenase gene from genomic dna of aromatic rice (oryza sativa l.). | aromatic (bas-370, pb-1) and non-aromatic (pusa-677, pusa-834) rice were selected for the characterization and for distribution of lipoxygenase (lox) genes. polymorphism was observed when genomic dna of rice varieties was hybridized with a heterologous lipoxygenase probe. a distinct polymorphic fragment (approximately 1.2 kb) was found in bas-370. sub-genomic library of bas-370 was constructed and screened with loxa probe. the smallest putative clone (pbas-14) of approximately 1.2 kb was sequenc ... | 2004 | 15282953 |
| the class iii peroxidase multigenic family in rice and its evolution in land plants. | plant peroxidases (class iii peroxidases, e.c. 1.11.1.7) are secreted glycoproteins known to be involved in the mechanism of cell elongation, in cell wall construction and differentiation, and in the defense against pathogens. they usually form large multigenic families in angiosperms. the recent completion of rice (oryza sativa japonica c.v. nipponbare) genome sequencing allowed drawing up the full inventory of the genes encoding class iii peroxidases in this plant. we found 138 peroxidase gene ... | 2004 | 15279994 |
| identification of flanking ssr markers for a major rice gall midge resistance gene gm1 and their validation. | host-plant resistance is the preferred strategy for management of asian rice gall midge (orseolia oryzae), a serious pest in many rice-growing countries. the deployment of molecular markers linked to gall midge resistance genes in breeding programmes can accelerate the development of resistant cultivars. in the present study, we have tagged and mapped a dominant gall midge resistance gene, gm1, from the oryza sativa cv. w1263 on chromosome 9, using ssr markers. a progeny-tested f2 mapping popula ... | 2004 | 15278284 |
| unusual accumulation of s-methylmethionine in aerobic-etiolated and in anoxic rice seedlings: an 1h-nmr study. | an unknown signal at 2.93 ppm in 1h-nmr spectra of rice, oryza sativa, was assigned to the methyl groups of sulphur-methylmethionine (smm), thereby devising a new method for the determination of this compound. rice seedlings growing aerobically in the dark and in the light engaged for the synthesis of smm an amount of met corresponding to 23 and 8%, respectively, of the total seed reserves of this amino acid. in etiolated shoots, smm reached 1.2 micromol g(-1) fresh weight, an unusually high lev ... | 2004 | 15266720 |
| development of genome-wide dna polymorphism database for map-based cloning of rice genes. | dna polymorphism is the basis to develop molecular markers that are widely used in genetic mapping today. a genome-wide rice (oryza sativa) dna polymorphism database has been constructed in this work using the genomes of nipponbare, a cultivar of japonica, and 93-11, a cultivar of indica. this database contains 1,703,176 single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) and 479,406 insertion/deletions (indels), approximately one snp every 268 bp and one indel every 953 bp in rice genome. both snps and inde ... | 2004 | 15266053 |
| ice-cap. a high-throughput method for capturing plant tissue samples for genotype analysis. | high-throughput genotype screening is rapidly becoming a standard research tool in the post-genomic era. a major bottleneck currently exists, however, that limits the utility of this approach in the plant sciences. the rate-limiting step in current high-throughput pipelines is that tissue samples from living plants must be collected manually, one plant at a time. in this article i describe a novel method for harvesting tissue samples from living seedlings that eliminates this bottleneck. the met ... | 2004 | 15266050 |
| effect of a low dose of aluminum on mitotic and meiotic activity, 4c dna content, and pollen sterility in rice, oryza sativa l. cv. lalat. | aluminum toxicity in acidic soils poses a major threat to plant growth and development. the effects of a low dose of aluminum (50 microm, alcl3) on various cytological parameters, including mitotic and meiotic chromosomal divisions, in situ nuclear dna content, interphase nuclear volume (inv), and pollen fertility were compared in untreated (controls) and treated rice plants (oryza sativa cv. lalat). the results showed varied chromosomal abnormalities, including chromosome stickiness, laggards, ... | 2004 | 15261725 |
| physical mapping of a rice lesion mimic gene, spl1 , to a 70-kb segment of rice chromosome 12. | the rice lesion mimic mutant spotted leaf 1 ( spl1) was first identified in the rice ( oryza sativa) cultivar asahi in 1965. this mutant displayed spontaneous disease-like lesions in the absence of any pathogen, and was found to confer resistance to multiple isolates of rice blast. we employed a map-based cloning strategy to localize the spl1 gene. a total of ten cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (caps) markers linked to the spl1 gene were identified and mapped to an 8.5-cm region on chromo ... | 2004 | 15258851 |
| evolution and function of the sucrose-phosphate synthase gene families in wheat and other grasses. | suc-phosphate synthase (sps) is a key regulatory enzyme in the pathway of suc biosynthesis and has been linked to quantitative trait loci controlling plant growth and yield. in dicotyledonous plants there are three sps gene families: a, b, and c. here we report the finding of five families of sps genes in wheat (triticum aestivum) and other monocotyledonous plants from the family poaceae (grasses). three of these form separate subfamilies within the previously described a, b, and c gene families ... | 2004 | 15247374 |
| posttranscriptional regulation of alpha-amylase ii-4 expression by gibberellin in germinating rice seeds. | hormonal regulation of expression of alpha-amylase ii-4 that lacks the gibberellin-response cis-element (gare) in the promoter region of the gene was studied in germinating rice (oryza sativa l.) seeds. temporal and spatial expression of alpha-amylase ii-4 in the aleurone layer were essentially identical to those of alpha-amylase i-1 whose gene contains gare, although these were distinguishable in the embryo tissues at the early stage of germination. the gibberellin-responsible expression of alp ... | 2004 | 15246060 |
| identification of conserved gene structures and carboxy-terminal motifs in the myb gene family of arabidopsis and oryza sativa l. ssp. indica. | myb proteins contain a conserved dna-binding domain composed of one to four repeat motifs (referred to as r0r1r2r3); each repeat is approximately 50 amino acids in length, with regularly spaced tryptophan residues. although the myb proteins comprise one of the largest families of transcription factors in plants, little is known about the functions of most myb genes. here we use computational techniques to classify myb genes on the basis of sequence similarity and gene structure, and to identify ... | 2004 | 15239831 |
| do iron plaque and genotypes affect arsenate uptake and translocation by rice seedlings (oryza sativa l.) grown in solution culture? | the effects of fe concentrations in the pretreatment solution on the induction of plaque and the differences between genotypes on arsenate uptake by and translocation within rice seedlings grown in nutrient solution in the greenhouse were investigated. after iron plaque on rice roots was induced in solutions containing 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg fe2+ l(-1), seedlings were transplanted into nutrient solution with 0.5 mg as l(-1). the formation of iron plaque was clearly visible as a reddish coati ... | 2004 | 15234998 |
| a comprehensive expression analysis of the starch synthase gene family in rice (oryza sativa l.). | to elucidate the roles of the isogenes encoding starch synthase (ec 2.4.1.21) in rice (oryza sativa l.), a comprehensive expression analysis of the gene family was conducted. extensive searches for starch synthase genes were done in the databases of both the whole genome and full-length cdnas of rice, and ten genes were revealed to comprise the starch synthase gene family. multi-sequence alignment analysis of the starch synthase proteins from rice and other plant species suggested that they were ... | 2004 | 15232694 |
| effect of early cold stress on the maturation of rice anthers. | male reproductive development in rice (oryza sativa linnaeus is very sensitive to various forms of environmental stresses including low temperature. here, we present our findings on the proteomic analysis of the later developmental consequences of low temperature treatment on rice anthers. anther proteins at the trinucleate stage, with or without cold treatment for four days at 12 degrees c at the young microspore stage, were extracted, separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) and ... | 2004 | 15221744 |
| quantitative trait loci for phyllochron and tillering in rice. | morphogenetic processes in sequentially growing leaves and tiller buds are highly synchronized in rice ( oryza sativa l.). consequently, the appearance of successive leaves in the main tiller acts as the "pacemaker" for the whole shoot system development. the time interval between the appearance of successive leaves (days/leaf) in the main tiller is called the 'phyllochron'. the objectives of the investigation reported here were: (1) to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) that control rice p ... | 2004 | 15221143 |
| arabidopsis to rice. applying knowledge from a weed to enhance our understanding of a crop species. | although arabidopsis is well established as the premiere model species in plant biology, rice (oryza sativa) is moving up fast as the second-best model organism. in addition to the availability of large sets of genetic, molecular, and genomic resources, two features make rice attractive as a model species: it represents the taxonomically distinct monocots and is a crop species. plant structural genomics was pioneered on a genome-scale in arabidopsis and the lessons learned from these efforts wer ... | 2004 | 15208410 |
| differential responses of growth and nitrogen uptake to organic nitrogen in four gramineous crops. | the capability to utilize different forms of nitrogen (n) by sorghum (sorghum bicolor), rice (oryza sativa), maize (zea mays), and pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum) was determined in pot experiments. seedlings were grown for 21 d without n, or with 500 mg n kg(-1) soil applied as ammonium nitrate, rice bran or a mixture of rice bran and straw. no treatment-dependent changes of root length, surface area, and fractal dimension were observed. shoot growth and n uptake in maize and pearl millet corr ... | 2004 | 15208343 |
| plant dna polymerase lambda, a dna repair enzyme that functions in plant meristematic and meiotic tissues. | little is known about the functions of dna polymerase lambda (pol lambda) recently identified in mammals. from the genomic sequence information of rice and arabidopsis, we found that pol lambda may be the only member of the x-family in higher plants. we have succeeded in isolating the cdna and recombinant protein of pol lambda in a higher plant, rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare) (ospol lambda). ospol lambda had activities of dna polymerase, terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase and deoxy ... | 2004 | 15206945 |
| structural analysis and identification of cis-elements of rice osracd gene. | the osracd gene correlated with fertility transformation in the photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile rice (pgmr), nongken 58s, encoded a rice (oryza sativa l. ssp. japonica) small gtpase belonging to the rac/rho family. inverse pcr was performed to amplify a fragment about 1.4 kb in 5' upstream region of the osracd promoter. deletion mutation and gel mobility shift assay characterized two fragments (-799 to -686 nt, and -686 to -431 nt) in the osracd promoter that could be involved in its tr ... | 2004 | 15202503 |
| est derived ssr markers for comparative mapping in wheat and rice. | structural and functional relationships between the genomes of hexaploid wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) (2n=6x=42) and rice (oryza sativa l.) (2n=2x=24) were evaluated using linkage maps supplemented with simple sequence repeat (ssr) loci obtained from publicly available expressed sequence tags (ests). est-ssr markers were developed using two main strategies to design primers for each gene: (1) primer design for multiple species based on supercluster analysis, and (2) species-specific primer desi ... | 2004 | 15197579 |
| genetic dissection for leaf correlative traits of rice (oryza sativa l.) under drought stress. | water is becoming a restricted factor of agricultural development owing to the global shortage of water resources. screening and improving drought tolerant rice cultivars would be helpful for increasing and stabilizing yield, economizing water and reducing environmental pollution. in this study, 127 rice lines of dii population derived from an indica variety zhaiyeqing 8 (zyq8) and a japonica variety jingxi 17 (jx17) were used to locate qtls for leaf rolling, relative water content and rate of e ... | 2004 | 15195567 |
| changes in the thermal dissipation and the electron flow in the water-water cycle in rice grown under conditions of physiologically low temperature. | effects of low temperature on chlorophyll (chl) fluorescence, gas exchange rate, the amounts of xanthophyll cycle pigments (xp) and the activities of several antioxidant enzymes were examined in the 8th leaf of two rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars (japonica and indica types) and rbcs antisense rice. all plants were grown hydroponically at 25/20 degrees c (day/night), and then exposed to 20/17 degrees c (day/night) after full expansion of the 8th leaf, or exposed to either 20/17 degrees c or 15/1 ... | 2004 | 15169946 |
| identification and molecular characterization of myosin gene family in oryza sativa genome. | myosins play an important role in various developmental processes in plants. we have identified 14 myosin genes in rice (oryza sativa cv. nipponbare) genome using sequence information available in public databases. phylogenetic analysis of these sequences with other plant and non-plant myosins revealed that two of the predicted sequences belonged to class viii and the others to class xi. all of these genes were distributed on seven chromosomes in the rice genome. domain searches on these sequenc ... | 2004 | 15169941 |
| in vitro reconstitution of rice anthranilate synthase: distinct functional properties of the alpha subunits oasa1 and oasa2. | anthranilate synthase (as) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of various indole compounds including tryptophan. as consists of two subunits, alpha and beta, and converts chorismate to anthranilate. two or more as alpha-subunit genes have been identified and characterized in several land plants. although alpha subunits of as induced by elicitation have been suggested to play significant roles in secondary metabolism, the biochemical and precise functional properties of individual as isozymes hav ... | 2004 | 15159631 |
| dna repair in higher plants; photoreactivation is the major dna repair pathway in non-proliferating cells while excision repair (nucleotide excision repair and base excision repair) is active in proliferating cells. | we investigated expression patterns of dna repair genes such as the cpd photolyase, uv-ddb1, csb, pcna, rpa32 and fen-1 genes by northern hybridization analysis and in situ hybridization using a higher plant, rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare). we found that all the genes tested were expressed in tissues rich in proliferating cells, but only cpd photolyase was expressed in non-proliferating tissue such as the mature leaves and elongation zone of root. the removal of dna damage, cyclobutane py ... | 2004 | 15150342 |
| alternative control of two biotypes of echinochloa phyllopogon susceptible and resistant to fenoxaprop-ethyl. | rice (oryza sativa var.), is one of the most important crops worldwide, and is cultivated in the five continents since it adapts itself to all climatic conditions. the most important weeds that reduce the world rice yield are echinochloa spp., annual gramineae, which, because of the selection pressure imposed on them, have developed resistance to a large series of herbicides. two echinochloa phyllopogon biotypes were studied, one of them resistant to molinate, thiobencarb and fenoxaprop-ethyl an ... | 2003 | 15149136 |