| nosocomial diarrhea: evaluation and treatment of causes other than clostridium difficile. | diarrhea is common among hospitalized patients but the causes are distinct from those of diarrhea in the community. we review existing data about the epidemiology of nosocomial diarrhea and summarize recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of diarrhea. clinicians should recognize that most cases of nosocomial diarrhea have a noninfectious etiology, including medications, underlying illness, and enteral feeding. apart from clostridium difficile, the frequency of infectious causes such as ... | 2012 | 22700831 |
| epidemiological and pathobiological profiles of clostridium perfringens infections: review of consecutive series of 33 cases over a 13-year period. | although clostridium perfringens (c. perfringens) is well known as the causative agent of several forms of enteric disease, precise epidemiological and pathobiological aspects are still unknown. | 2015 | 25755747 |
| antimicrobial activity of ayurvedic tablet "hadrabi". | the ethanolic extract of "hadrabi" powder was tested for antimicrobial activites against gram positive organisms-staphylococus aureus, bacillus subtilis, clostridium perfringens and gram negative organisms-pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella paratyphi -b, escherichia coli & klebsiella pneumoniae significant antimicrobial activity of the extract was found in this study at the dose of 1250 mg. | 2002 | 22557061 |
| the antibacterial activities of aditoprim and its efficacy in the treatment of swine streptococcosis. | aditoprim (adp) has potential use as an antimicrobial agent in animals. however, its pharmacodynamic properties have not been systematically studied yet. in this study, the in vitro antibacterial activities of adp and its main metabolites were assayed, and the in vivo antibacterial efficacy of adp for the treatment of swine streptococcosis was evaluated. it was shown that salmonella and streptococcus from swine, escherichia coli and salmonella from chickens, e. coli, streptococcus, mannheimia, p ... | 2017 | 28145487 |
| microbiologic characteristics of pathogenic bacteria from hospitalized trauma patients who survived wenchuan earthquake. | the purpose of this study is to investigate the microbiological characterization of pathogenic bacteria isolated from trauma patients after wenchuan earthquake in 2008. most infections were identified in the patients over 60 years of age, with an incidence rate of 78.5%, and more infections in wound (43.3%) and respiratory tract (37.1%) sites were identified. a total of 97 non-duplicated clinical pathogens were isolated from 91 trauma patients. of those pathogens, 62 (63.9%) were gram-negative b ... | 2012 | 22910807 |
| opportunistic pathogens and faecal indicators in drinking water associated biofilms in cluj, romania. | biofouling occurs without exception in all water systems, with undesirable effects such as biocorrosion and deterioration of water quality. drinking water associated biofilms represent a potential risk to human health by harbouring pathogenic or toxin-releasing microorganisms. this is the first study investigating the attached microbiota, with potential threat to human health, in a public water system in romania. the presence and the seasonal variation of viable faecal indicators and opportunist ... | 2012 | 22960491 |
| coenzyme depletion by members of the aerolysin family of pore-forming toxins leads to diminished atp levels and cell death. | recent studies demonstrated that a variety of bacterial pore-forming toxins induce cell death through a process of programmed necrosis characterized by the rapid depletion of cellular atp. however, events leading to the necrosis and depletion of atp are not thoroughly understood. we demonstrate that atp-depletion induced by two pore-forming toxins, the clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin and the aeromonas hydrophila aerolysin toxin, is associated with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential ... | 2012 | 22688384 |
| antimicrobial activity of isothiocyanates (itcs) extracted from horseradish (armoracia rusticana) root against oral microorganisms. | the antimicrobial activity of isothiocyanates (itcs) extracted from horseradish root was investigated against oral microorganisms: 6 strains of facultative anaerobic bacteria, streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sobrinus, lactobacillus casei, staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecalis and aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; one strain of yeast, candida albicans, and 3 strains of anaerobic bacteria, fusobacterium nucleatum, prevotella nigrescens, and clostridium perfringens. the itcs extract ... | 2013 | 24077540 |
| hygienisation and nutrient conservation of sewage sludge or cattle manure by lactic acid fermentation. | manure from animal farms and sewage sludge contain pathogens and opportunistic organisms in various concentrations depending on the health of the herds and human sources. other than for the presence of pathogens, these waste substances are excellent nutrient sources and constitute a preferred organic fertilizer. however, because of the pathogens, the risks of infection of animals or humans increase with the indiscriminate use of manure, especially liquid manure or sludge, for agriculture. this p ... | 2015 | 25786255 |
| understanding jejunal hemorrhage syndrome. | jejunal hemorrhage syndrome (jhs) is an acute, highly fatal enterotoxemic disorder in dairy cattle that has been reported during the last few decades. no specific cause of this syndrome has been identified; however, several studies have revealed a strong association between jhs and infection with clostridium perfringens type a. a common mold, aspergillus fumigatus, has also been implicated as a potential causative agent in this disease syndrome. clinical signs of jhs (including sudden decreases ... | 2013 | 23865877 |
| enzymatic depolymerization of gum tragacanth: bifidogenic potential of low molecular weight oligosaccharides. | gum tragacanth derived from the plant "goat's horn" (astragalus sp.) has a long history of use as a stabilizing, viscosity-enhancing agent in food emulsions. the gum contains pectinaceous arabinogalactans and fucose-substituted xylogalacturonans. in this work, gum tragacanth from astragalus gossypinus was enzymatically depolymerized using aspergillus niger pectinases (pectinex be color). the enzymatically degraded products were divided into three molecular weight fractions via membrane separatio ... | 2013 | 23343141 |
| effects of co-fermented pleurotus eryngii stalk residues and soybean hulls by aureobasidium pullulans on performance and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens. | soybean hulls are a by-product of soybean processing for oil and meal production; pleurotus eryngii stalk residues (pesr) are by-products of the edible portion of the fruiting body enriched in bioactive metabolites. this study evaluated the effects of co-fermented pesr and soybean hulls with aureobasidium pullulans on performance and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens. the in vitro experimental results showed that xylananse and mannanase activity of solid-state fermented soybean hulls (10 ... | 2015 | 26467005 |
| vegetative bacillus amyloliquefaciens cells do not confer protection against necrotic enteritis in broilers despite high antibacterial activity of its supernatant against clostridium perfringens in vitro. | in this study, the effect of bacillus amyloliquefaciens on clostridium perfringens was tested in vitro and in vivo. using an agar well diffusion assay, the inhibitory activity of b. amyloliquefaciens supernatant was analysed against a large collection of netb-positive and netb-negative c. perfringens strains. although strong growth inhibiting activity was detected against all c. perfringens isolates, it was significantly higher against virulent netb-positive c. perfringens strains compared with ... | 2016 | 27122203 |
| selection of bacillus spp. for cellulase and xylanase production as direct-fed microbials to reduce digesta viscosity and clostridium perfringens proliferation using an in vitro digestive model in different poultry diets. | previously, our laboratory has screened and identified bacillus spp. isolates as direct-fed microbials (dfm). the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the cellulase and xylanase production of these isolates and select the most appropriate bacillus spp. candidates for dfm. furthermore, an in vitro digestive model, simulating different compartments of the gastrointestinal tract, was used to determine the effect of these selected candidates on digesta viscosity and clostridium perfringens p ... | 2015 | 26664954 |
| improvement of immunity and disease resistance in the nile tilapia, oreochromis niloticus, by dietary supplementation with bacillus amyloliquefaciens. | probiotics can be used as immunostimulants in aquaculture. the aim of this study was to evaluate the immune responses of nile tilapia oreochromis niloticus following feeding with bacillus amyloliquefaciens spores at concentrations of 1 × 10(6) (g3) and 1 × 10(4) (g2) colony-forming units per gram (cfu/g) of feed compared with a basal diet with no probiotics (g1). a total of 180 fingerlings (27.7 ± 0.22 g) were divided into three groups (g1-g3 of 20 fish per group) in triplicate. innate immunitie ... | 2015 | 25783002 |
| characterization of deep sea fish gut bacteria with antagonistic potential, from centroscyllium fabricii (deep sea shark). | the bacterial isolates from centroscyllium fabricii (deep sea shark) gut were screened for antagonistic activity by cross-streak method and disc diffusion assay. this study focuses on strain btss-3, which showed antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria including salmonella typhimurium, proteus vulgaris, clostridium perfringens, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, bacillus circulans, bacillus macerans and bacillus pumilus. btss3 was subjected to phenotypic characterization using bio ... | 2015 | 25740801 |
| efficacy of protected sodium butyrate, a protected blend of essential oils, their combination, and bacillus amyloliquefaciens spore suspension against artificially induced necrotic enteritis in broilers. | necrotic enteritis caused by clostridium perfringens leads to serious economical losses to the poultry industry. there is a growing need to find effective, nontoxic, antibiotic alternatives to prevent and cure the disease. in our study, the efficacy of protected sodium butyrate at 1.5 g/kg (bp70), a bacillus amyloliquefaciens spore suspension with 10(9) cfu/g (bal; ecobiol), a protected blend of essential oils (1%) at 1.5 g/kg (eo), and a combination of sodium butyrate with essential oils (1%) p ... | 2012 | 22399722 |
| pore-forming activity of clostridial binary toxins. | clostridial binary toxins (clostridium perfringens iota toxin, clostridium difficile transferase, clostridium spiroforme toxin, clostridium botulinum c2 toxin) as bacillus binary toxins, including bacillus anthracis toxins consist of two independent proteins, one being the binding component which mediates the internalization into cell of the intracellularly active component. clostridial binary toxins induce actin cytoskeleton disorganization through mono-adp-ribosylation of globular actin and ar ... | 2016 | 26278641 |
| virulence plasmids of spore-forming bacteria. | plasmid-encoded virulence factors are important in the pathogenesis of diseases caused by spore-forming bacteria. unlike many other bacteria, the most common virulence factors encoded by plasmids in clostridium and bacillus species are protein toxins. clostridium perfringens causes several histotoxic and enterotoxin diseases in both humans and animals and produces a broad range of toxins, including many pore-forming toxins such as c. perfringens enterotoxin, epsilon-toxin, beta-toxin, and netb. ... | 2014 | 26104459 |
| residues involved in the pore-forming activity of the clostridium perfringens iota toxin. | clostridium perfringens iota toxin is a binary toxin that is organized into enzyme (ia) and binding (ib) components. ib forms channels in lipid bilayers and mediates the transport of ia into the target cells. here we show that ib residues 334-359 contain a conserved pattern of alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues forming two amphipathic β-strands involved in membrane insertion and channel formation. this stretch of amino acids shows remarkable structural and functional analogies with ... | 2015 | 25266274 |
| photocatalytic and biocidal activities of novel coating systems of mesoporous and dense tio₂-anatase containing silver nanoparticles. | here we describe the development of novel nanostructured coating systems with improved photocatalytic and antibacterial activities. these systems comprise a layer of sio2 followed by a layer of mesoporous or dense tio2-anatase, and doping with silver nanoparticles (ag nps). the coatings were synthesized via a sol-gel technique by combining colloidal ag nps with tio2 and sio2 sols. the photocatalytic activity was studied through methyl orange decomposition under uv light. results showed a great i ... | 2014 | 25175258 |
| tailored cyclodextrin pore blocker protects mammalian cells from clostridium difficile binary toxin cdt. | some clostridium difficile strains produce, in addition to toxins a and b, the binary toxin clostridium difficile transferase (cdt), which adp-ribosylates actin and may contribute to the hypervirulence of these strains. the separate binding and translocation component cdtb mediates transport of the enzyme component cdta into mammalian target cells. cdtb binds to its receptor on the cell surface, cdta assembles and cdtb/cdta complexes are internalised. in acidic endosomes, cdtb mediates the deliv ... | 2014 | 25029374 |
| inactivation and ultrastructure analysis of bacillus spp. and clostridium perfringens spores. | bacterial endospores are resistant to many environmental factors from temperature extremes to ultraviolet irradiation and are generally more difficult to inactivate or kill than vegetative bacterial cells. it is often considered necessary to treat spores or samples containing spores with chemical fixative solutions for prolonged periods of time (e.g., 1-21 days) to achieve fixation/inactivation to enable electron microscopy (em) examination outside of containment laboratories. prolonged exposure ... | 2014 | 24503289 |
| plant-derived monoclonal antibodies for prevention and treatment of infectious disease. | numerous monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that recognize and neutralize infectious pathogens have been isolated and developed over the years. the fact that infectious diseases can involve large populations of infected individuals is an important factor that has motivated the search for both cost-effective and scalable methods of antibody production. the current technologies for production of antibodies in plants allow for very rapid expression and evaluation that can also be readily scaled for multi ... | 2014 | 26082108 |
| cyclodextrin derivatives as anti-infectives. | cyclodextrin derivatives can be utilized as anti-infectives with pore-forming proteins as the targets. the highly efficient selection of potent inhibitors was achieved because per-substituted cyclodextrins have the same symmetry as the target pores. inhibitors of several bacterial toxins produced by bacillus anthracis, staphylococcus aureus, clostridium perfringens, clostridium botulinum, and clostridium difficile were identified from a library of ∼200 cd derivatives. it was demonstrated that mu ... | 2013 | 24011515 |
| medical aspects of bio-terrorism. | bioterrorism is a terrorist action involving the intentional release or dissemination of a biological warfare agent (bwa), which includes some bacteria, viruses, rickettsiae, fungi or biological toxins. bwa is a naturally occurring or human-modified form that may kill or incapacitate humans, animals or plants as an act of war or terrorism. bwa is a weapon of choice for mass destruction and terrorism, because of the incubation period, less effective amount than chemical warfare agents, easily dis ... | 2013 | 23339855 |
| interactions of high-affinity cationic blockers with the translocation pores of b. anthracis, c. botulinum, and c. perfringens binary toxins. | cationic β-cyclodextrin derivatives were recently introduced as highly effective, potentially universal blockers of three binary bacterial toxins: anthrax toxin of bacillus anthracis, c2 toxin of clostridium botulinum, and iota toxin of clostridium perfringens. the binary toxins are made of two separate components: the enzymatic a component, which acts on certain intracellular targets, and the binding/translocation b component, which forms oligomeric channels in the target cell membrane. here we ... | 2012 | 22995493 |
| bacteria and their toxins tamed for immunotherapy. | bacterial toxins share the ability to enter host cells to target various intracellular proteins and to modulate host immune responses. over the last 20 years, toxins and their mutated variants, as well as live attenuated bacteria, have been exploited for vaccination and immunotherapy of various infectious, malignant and autoimmune diseases. the ability of bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin to translocate its adenylate cyclase domain across the host cell membrane, as well as the pathway ... | 2012 | 22339216 |
| the effect of glyphosate on potential pathogens and beneficial members of poultry microbiota in vitro. | the use of glyphosate modifies the environment which stresses the living microorganisms. the aim of the present study was to determine the real impact of glyphosate on potential pathogens and beneficial members of poultry microbiota in vitro. the presented results evidence that the highly pathogenic bacteria as salmonella entritidis, salmonella gallinarum, salmonella typhimurium, clostridium perfringens and clostridium botulinum are highly resistant to glyphosate. however, most of beneficial bac ... | 2013 | 23224412 |
| an assessment of the microbiological quality of liver-based pâté in england 2012-13: comparison of samples collected at retail and from catering businesses. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the microbiological quality of liver pâté. during 2012-13, a total of 870 samples, unrelated to the investigation of food-poisoning outbreaks, were collected either at retail (46%), catering (53%) or the point of manufacture (1%) and were tested using standard methods to detect salmonella spp. or campylobacter spp., and to enumerate for listeria spp., including listeria monocytogenes, clostridium perfringens, coagulase-positive staphylococci including ... | 2017 | 28190406 |
| epidemiology of bacterial toxin-mediated foodborne gastroenteritis outbreaks in australia, 2001 to 2013. | bacterial toxin-mediated foodborne outbreaks, such as those caused by clostridium perfringens, staphylococcus aureus and bacillus cereus, are an important and preventable cause of morbidity and mortality. due to the short incubation period and duration of illness, these outbreaks are often under-reported. this is the first study to describe the epidemiology of bacterial toxin-mediated outbreaks in australia. using data collected between 2001 and 2013, we identify high risk groups and risk factor ... | 2016 | 28043220 |
| simultaneous identification of 13 foodborne pathogens by using capillary electrophoresis-single strand conformation polymorphism coupled with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and its application in foods. | capillary electrophoresis-single strand conformation polymorphism (ce-sscp) coupled with stuffer-free multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (mlpa) was developed to identify 13 species of foodborne pathogens simultaneously. species-specific mlpa probes were designed for nine of these species. these probes were targeted to the groel, glya, mms, tuf, inv, ipah, nuc, vvh, and 16s rrna genes, which corresponded to bacillus cereus, campylobacter coli, cronobacter sakazakii, enterococcus spp ... | 2016 | 27494415 |
| assessment of the microbiological quality of meat pies from retail sale in england 2013. | outbreaks of foodborne illness caused by bacillus cereus and listeria monocytogenes in england associated with meat pie consumption were detected in 2012. to obtain baseline data for pies unrelated to outbreaks, 862 samples of ready-to-eat meat pies were collected at retail or from catering facilities in england in 2013 and examined to enumerate food-poisoning bacteria and indicator organisms using organization for standardization (iso) methods for listeria spp. including l. monocytogenes (iso 1 ... | 2016 | 27296425 |
| innovative bionanocomposite films of edible proteins containing liposome-encapsulated nisin and halloysite nanoclay. | films and coatings based on natural polymers have gained increased interest for food packaging applications. in this work, halloysite and phosphatidylcholine liposomes encapsulating nisin were used to develop nanocomposite films of gelatin and casein. liposomes prepared with either soybean lecithin or phospholipon(®) showed particle size ranging from 124 to 178nm and high entrapment efficiency (94-100%). considering their stability, phospholipon(®) liposomes with 1.0mg/ml nisin were selected for ... | 2016 | 27289315 |
| a rapid and simple real-time pcr assay for detecting foodborne pathogenic bacteria in human feces. | a rapid, simple method for detecting foodborne pathogenic bacteria in human feces is greatly needed. here, we examined the efficacy of a method that employs a combination of a commercial pcr master mix, which is insensitive to pcr inhibitors, and a dna extraction method which used sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (sdbs), and tween 20 to counteract the inhibitory effects of sdbs on the pcr assay. this method could detect the target genes (stx1 and stx2 of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli, inva ... | 2016 | 26902211 |
| microbiological analysis of rice cake processing in korea. | this study was conducted to evaluate the microbial contamination in rice cake materials and products during processing and in the operation environment in nonhazard analysis [and] critical control point factories. furthermore, the environmental health of the processing facilities and the bacterial and fungal contamination on the workers' hands were investigated. pour plate methods were used for enumeration of aerobic plate count (apc), yeast and molds (ym), bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus ... | 2016 | 26735044 |
| enteric bacteria isolated from diarrheal patients in korea in 2014. | the aim of this study was to characterize the pathogens responsible for causing diarrhea according to season, region of isolation, patient age, and sex as well as to provide useful data for the prevention of diarrheal disease. | 2015 | 26473090 |
| a study on characterization of new bacteriocin produced from a novel strain of lactobacillus spicheri g2 isolated from gundruk- a fermented vegetable product of north east india: a novel bacteriocin production from lactobacillus spicheri g2. | bacteriocin producing lactobacillus spicheri g2, isolated from gundruk - a traditional fermented vegetable product of north east india. l. spicheri g2 identified by morphological, biochemical techniques followed by 16s rrna gene technique. the 16sr rna sequence of bacteriocin producer is registered in ncbi under accession no. jx481912. the bacteriocin producing potential of l. spicheri is being reported for the first time in the present investigation. bacteriocin of l. spicheri g2 showed strong ... | 2015 | 26344995 |
| characterization of the spore-forming bacillus cereus sensu lato group and clostridium perfringens bacteria isolated from the australian dairy farm environment. | the bacillus cereus sensu lato group and clostridium perfringens are spore-forming bacteria often associated with food spoilage and which can cause emetic and diarrheal syndromes in humans and ruminants. this study characterised the phenotypes and genotypes of 50 bacillus cereus s. l. isolates and 26 clostridium perfringens isolates from dairy farms environments in victoria, australia. | 2015 | 25881096 |
| antibiotic-resistant bacteria: prevalence in food and inactivation by food-compatible compounds and plant extracts. | foodborne antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria such as campylobacter jejuni, bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli, salmonella enterica, staphylococcus aureus, vibrio cholerae, and vibrio parahemolyticus can adversely affect animal and human health, but a better understanding of the factors involved in their pathogenesis is needed. to help meet this need, this overview surveys and interprets much of our current knowledge of antibiotic (multidrug)-resistant bacteria in th ... | 2015 | 25856120 |
| microbiological diversity and prevalence of spoilage and pathogenic bacteria in commercial fermented alcoholic beverages (beer, fruit wine, refined rice wine, and yakju). | the present study examined 469 commercially available fermented alcoholic beverages (fabs), including beer (draft, microbrewed, and pasteurized), fruit wine (grape and others), refined rice wine, and yakju (raw and pasteurized). samples were screened for escherichia coli and eight foodborne pathogens (bacillus cereus, campylobacter jejuni, clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella spp., staphylococcus aureus, and yersinia enterocolitica), and the aerob ... | 2015 | 25836410 |
| expert elicitation as a means to attribute 28 enteric pathogens to foodborne, waterborne, animal contact, and person-to-person transmission routes in canada. | enteric illness contributes to a significant burden of illness in canada and globally. understanding its sources is a critical step in identifying and preventing health risks. expert elicitation is a powerful tool, used previously, to obtain information about enteric illness source attribution where information is difficult or expensive to obtain. thirty-one experts estimated transmission of 28 pathogens via major transmission routes (foodborne, waterborne, animal contact, person-to-person, and ... | 2015 | 25835810 |
| spirotetronate antibiotics with anti-clostridium activity from actinomadura sp. 2eps. | the rare actinomycetes strain 2eps was isolated from soil and analysis of cultural, morphological characteristics, diaminopimelic acid content of its cell wall, and 16s rrna gene sequence indicates that 2eps belongs to genus actinomadura. in addition, neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree also confirmed the relationships of this strain to other members of actinomadura. a butanol extract with antibacterial activity was purified by reversed-phase chromatography to obtain three bioactive compounds, de ... | 2015 | 25543910 |
| effect of packaging technology on microbiological and sensory quality of a cooked blood sausage, morcela de arroz, from monchique region of portugal. | morcela de arroz (ma), a popular portuguese blood sausage, with high ph and water activity (aw), is traditionally commercialized without preservatives and unpacked. this study evaluated the best packaging solution to extend ma shelf life stored at 4±1°c for 44days: without packaging (wp), vacuum (vp) and modified atmosphere packaging (map) (80% co2; 20% n2). mesophilic (mtvc), psychrotrophic (ptvc), lactic acid bacteria (lab), pseudomonads, molds and yeasts, enterobacteriaceae, listeria monocyto ... | 2015 | 25462380 |
| prevalence and characterization of foodborne pathogens from australian dairy farm environments. | the ability of foodborne pathogens to gain entry into food supply systems remains an ongoing concern. in dairy products, raw milk acts as a major vehicle for this transfer; however, the sources of pathogenic bacteria that contaminate raw milk are often not clear, and environmental sources of contamination or the animals themselves may contribute to the transfer. this survey examined the occurrence of 9 foodborne pathogens in raw milk and environments of 7 dairy farms (3 bovine, 3 caprine, and 1 ... | 2014 | 25282417 |
| bovicin hj50-like lantibiotics, a novel subgroup of lantibiotics featured by an indispensable disulfide bridge. | lantibiotics are ribosomally-synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides with potent antimicrobial activities. discovery of novel lantibiotics has been greatly accelerated with the soaring release of genomic information of microorganisms. as a unique class ii lantibiotic, bovicin hj50 is produced by streptococcus bovis hj50 and contains one rare disulfide bridge. by using its precursor bova as a drive sequence, 16 bova-like peptides were revealed in a wide variety of species. from them ... | 2014 | 24821187 |
| food-borne pathogens of animal origin-diagnosis, prevention, control and their zoonotic significance: a review. | the term food borne diseases or food-borne illnesses or more commonly food poisoning are used to denote gastrointestinal complications that occur following recent consumption of a particular food or drink. millions of people suffer worldwide every year and the situation is quiet grave in developing nations creating social and economic strain. the food borne pathogens include various bacteria viz., salmonella, campylobacter, escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, yersinia enterocolitica, staph ... | 2013 | 24506006 |
| antimicrobial activity of traditional medicinal plants from ankober district, north shewa zone, amhara region, ethiopia. | traditional medicinal plants have long been used in ethiopia to treat human and livestock ailments. despite a well-documented rich tradition of medicinal plant use in the country, their direct antimicrobial effects are still poorly known. | 2014 | 24392738 |
| synergistic action of cinnamaldehyde with silver nanoparticles against spore-forming bacteria: a case for judicious use of silver nanoparticles for antibacterial applications. | silver has long been advocated as an effective antimicrobial. however, toxicity issues with silver have led to limited use of silver in nanoform, especially for food preservation. with the aim of exploring combinatorial options that could increase the antibacterial potency of silver nanoparticles and reduce the effective dosage of silver, we evaluated the extent of synergy that a combination of silver nanoparticles and an essential oil representative (cinnamaldehyde) could offer. a battery of gr ... | 2013 | 24376352 |
| [diagnosis and control of human food poisoning outbreaks]. | medical microbiology laboratories play a key role in the investigation of foodborne disease outbreaks. bacterial pathogens (salmonella, escherichia coli, campylobacter, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, etc) have historically been implicated in foodborne illness, while the role of viruses (especially norovirus) appears to have been underestimated. culture-based diagnosis has gradually been complemented, or replaced, by rapid molecular methods applied directly to bi ... | 2012 | 24313020 |
| new derivatives of salicylamides: preparation and antimicrobial activity against various bacterial species. | three series of salicylanilides, esters of n-phenylsalicylamides and 2-hydroxy-n-[1-(2-hydroxyphenylamino)-1-oxoalkan-2-yl]benzamides, in total thirty target compounds were synthesized and characterized. the compounds were evaluated against seven bacterial and three mycobacterial strains. the antimicrobial activities of some compounds were comparable or higher than the standards ampicillin, ciprofloxacin or isoniazid. derivatives 3f demonstrated high biological activity against staphylococcus au ... | 2013 | 24045008 |
| foodborne disease outbreaks caused by bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, and staphylococcus aureus--united states, 1998-2008. | from 1998 to 2008, 1229 foodborne outbreaks caused by bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, and staphylococcus aureus were reported in the united states; 39% were reported with a confirmed etiology. vomiting was commonly reported in b. cereus (median, 75% of cases) and s. aureus outbreaks (median, 87%), but rarely in c. perfringens outbreaks (median, 9%). meat or poultry dishes were commonly implicated in c. perfringens (63%) and s. aureus (55%) outbreaks, and rice dishes were commonly impli ... | 2013 | 23592829 |
| antimicrobial activity of essential oils from mediterranean aromatic plants against several foodborne and spoilage bacteria. | the antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted from a variety of aromatic plants, often used in the portuguese gastronomy was studied in vitro by the agar diffusion method. the essential oils of thyme, oregano, rosemary, verbena, basil, peppermint, pennyroyal and mint were tested against gram-positive (listeria monocytogenes, clostridium perfringens, bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecium, enterococcus faecalis, and staphylococcus epidermidis) and gram-negative stra ... | 2013 | 23444311 |
| sterility testing of apheresis hematopoietic progenitor cell products using an automated blood culture system. | aabb standards require monitoring of hematopoietic progenitor cell (hpc) products for microbial contamination. to date, there is no automated blood culture system cleared by the food and drug administration for this application. our objective was to validate the versatrek system (trek diagnostic systems) for sterility testing of apheresis hpc products. | 2013 | 23438051 |
| postprocessing microflora of commercial attieke (a fermented cassava product) produced in the south of côte d'ivoire. | the distribution and presence of hygiene indicator and pathogenic micro-organisms in 375 samples of attieke marketed in côte d'ivoire, and their roles in the food poisoning were evaluated. microbiological analyses were carried out, which included the total viable bacteria, coliforms, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella, bacillus spores, fungi and clostridium perfringens. the results revealed that the viable bacteria counts ranged from 2·2 ± 1·2 × 10(5) to 3·4 ± 1·4 × 10(6) cfu g( ... | 2013 | 23078634 |
| phytochemical profiles of volatile constituents from centaurea ragusina leaves and flowers and their antimicrobial effects. | the volatile oils obtained from the leaves and flowers of the croatian endemic plant centaurea ragusina l. were evaluated for antimicrobial activity. the chemical compositions, determined by gc and gc-ms, were complex, with sesquiterpenes the most abundant class of compound. nonterpene hydrocarbons were also identified in high quantities, while acids and ketones were found in high quantities only in the leaf volatile oil. aldehydes, alcohols, esters and other compounds were identified in lower q ... | 2012 | 22978236 |
| prevalence of staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) in food samples associated with foodborne illness in alberta, canada from 2007 to 2010. | consumption of foods containing staphylococcus aureus can cause severe gastro-intestinal illness. given the fact that over the past decade, canada has seen increasing rates of methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) carriage and infection, the objective of this study was to investigate the impact of methicillin-susceptible s. aureus (mssa) and mrsa on foodborne illness in alberta, canada. between january 2007 and december 2010, there were 693 food samples associated with foodborne investigations ... | 2012 | 22850394 |
| foodborne outbreaks surveillance in the piedmont region, italy (2002-2009). | this article summarises the results of eight years (2002-2009) of investigations on food borne disease outbreaks carried out the regional agency for public health in piedmont, which is an italian region (4,432,571 citizens, 2008). | 2012 | 22508645 |
| assessment of microbial quality of commercial and home-made tiger-nut beverages. | we aimed to assess the microbiological quality of spanish commercial tiger-nut beverages as well as home-made samples collected from supermarkets, street vendors, juice bars and ice-cream parlours located in valencia. | 2012 | 22283438 |
| an outbreak of foodborne diarrheal illness among soldiers in mina during hajj: the role of consumer food handling behaviors. | an investigation of the outbreak was initiated as a result of the number of cases of gastroenteritis reporting to a general hospital in mina during the pilgrimage to makkah (hajj). this study was conducted to identify the source of the outbreak, assess its extent, and make recommendations to prevent similar outbreaks in the future. | 2007 | 23012141 |
| effects of bacillus licheniformis on the growth performance and expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in broiler chickens challenged with clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis. | necrotic enteritis (ne), caused by clostridium perfringens, has cost the poultry industry $2 billion in losses. this study aimed to investigate the effect of bacillus licheniformis as dietary supplement on the growth, serum antioxidant status, and expression of lipid-metabolism genes of broiler chickens with c. perfringens-induced ne. | 2016 | 26957116 |
| application of nuclear magnetic resonance to detect toxigenic clostridium difficile from stool specimens: a proof of concept. | we evaluated the performance of an early prototype core molecular mirroring nuclear magnetic resonance detection platform (mentor-100) to detect toxigenic clostridium difficile from stool. this technology uses customized nanoparticles bound to target specific oligonucleotide probes that form binaries in the presence of nucleic acid from the target microorganism. liquid patient stool specimens were seeded with c. difficile or other clostridium species to determine the analytical sensitivity and s ... | 2017 | 28081922 |
| broad-spectrum of antimicrobial properties of commercial wines from different vitis vinifera l. varieties. | fifteen commercial wines produced from international and autochthonic varieties of vitis vinifera l. cultivation of different balkan winegrowing subregions were studied for their antimicrobial activity against six gram-positive (clostridium perfringens, bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, listeria inocua, sarcina lutea and micrococcus flavus) and six gram-negative (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella enteritidis, shigella sonnei, klebsiella pneumonia and proteus vulgaris) ... | 2017 | 27905092 |
| cpe1786/iscr of clostridium perfringens represses expression of genes involved in fe-s cluster biogenesis. | cpe1786 of clostridium perfringens is an rrf2-type regulator containing the three-cysteine residues coordinating a fe-s in iscr, the repressor controlling fe-s homeostasis in enterobacteria. the cpe1786 gene formed an operon with iscsu involved in fe-s biogenesis and tmru. this operon was transcribed from a σ(a)-dependent promoter. we showed that in the heterologous host bacillus subtilis, cpe1786, renamed iscrcp, negatively controlled its own transcription. we constructed an iscr mutant in c. p ... | 2016 | 27020244 |
| dietary probiotics affect gastrointestinal microbiota, histological structure and shell mineralization in turtles. | probiotics are widely used in nutrition, and their mode of action is intensively studied in mammals and birds; however, it is almost unknown in reptiles. in the present study, trachemys scripta scripta and sternotherus odoratus were used to assess the effects of dietary probiotics on chelonian gastrointestinal tract microecology. in the first, 20-week experiment, 40 young t. s. scripta were randomly distributed to four experimental groups: 1st, (con)--with no additives; 2nd, (sspa) with bacillus ... | 2016 | 26828367 |
| modeling the synergistic antibacterial effects of honey characteristics of different botanical origins from the sahara desert of algeria. | honey has multiple therapeutic properties due to its composition with diverse components. | 2015 | 26594206 |
| diverse mechanisms regulate sporulation sigma factor activity in the firmicutes. | sporulation allows bacteria to survive adverse conditions and is essential to the lifecycle of some obligate anaerobes. in bacillus subtilis, the sporulation-specific sigma factors, σ(f), σ(e), σ(g), and σ(k), activate compartment-specific transcriptional programs that drive sporulation through its morphological stages. the regulation of these sigma factors was predicted to be conserved across the firmicutes, since the regulatory proteins controlling their activation are largely conserved. howev ... | 2015 | 25646759 |
| characterization of bacteriocin like inhibitory substance produced by a new strain brevibacillus borstelensis ag1 isolated from 'marcha'. | in the present study, a bacterium isolated from marcha- a herbal cake used as traditional starter culture to ferment local wine in north east india, was evaluated for bacteriocin like inhibitory substance production and was tested against six food borne/spoilage causing pathogens viz. listeria monocytogenes mtcc 839, bacillus subtilis mtcc 121, clostridium perfringens mtcc 450, staphylococcus aureus, lactobacillus plantarum and leuconostoc mesenteroides mtcc 107 by using bit/disc method followed ... | 2014 | 25477937 |
| effect of bacillus subtilis c-3102 spores as a probiotic feed supplement on growth performance, noxious gas emission, and intestinal microflora in broilers. | bacillus subtilis c-3102 has been used as a direct-fed microbial or probiotic product since 1986 to improve production performance in broilers worldwide. this study was conducted to determine and confirm the effect of b. subtilis c-3102 spore supplementation to feed on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass quality, blood profiles, noxious gas emission, and intestinal and excreta microflora in broilers. a total of 816 one-day-old male ross 308 broilers (46.06 ± 0.67 g) were used in ... | 2014 | 25260523 |
| effects of salinomycin and bacillus subtilis on growth performance and immune responses in broiler chickens. | the present study was undertaken to compare the effect of salinomycin and bacillus subtilis on growth performance, serum antibody levels against clostridium spp. and eimeria spp., and cytokine mrna expression levels in broiler chickens raised in the used litter. broiler chickens fed a diet containing salinomycin showed lower (p < 0.05) body weights compared with the control diet-fed counterparts. serum nitric oxide levels were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated in chickens fed the b. subtilis-enr ... | 2014 | 25135491 |
| synergistic antibacterial effect of honey and herba ocimi basilici against some bacterial pathogens. | to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the combination of different honey brands and methanolic fraction of herba ocimi basilici using agar well diffusion assay. | 2013 | 24660616 |
| a pks i gene-based screening approach for the discovery of a new polyketide from penicillium citrinum salicorn 46. | salicorn 46, an endophytic fungus isolated from salicornia herbacea torr., was identified as penicillium citrinum based on its internal transcribed spacer and ribosomal large-subunit dna sequences using a type i polyketide synthase (pks i) gene screening approach. a new polyketide, penicitriketo (1), and seven known compounds, including ergone (2), (3β,5α,8α,22e)-5,8-epidioxyergosta-6,9,22-trien-3-ol (3), (3β,5α,8α,22e)-5,8-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3-ol (4), stigmasta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6α-triol ... | 2014 | 24535256 |
| potentialities of newly isolated bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus sp for curd preparation and a comparative study of its physico-chemical parameters with other marketed curds. | two bacillus sp. were isolated from the local fermented milk and identified on the basis 16s rrna sequence profile as bacillus subtilis akl1 and by biochemical process as lactobacillus acidophilus akl2. these isolates were used as fresh inoculums for curd preparation individually and in combinations. different physico-chemical and therapeutic properties of the newly prepared curd were examined and compared with marketed local (sweet and sour) and branded (mother dairy and thackar) curds. the tot ... | 2013 | 24416925 |
| role of a bacillus subtilis direct-fed microbial on digesta viscosity, bacterial translocation, and bone mineralization in turkey poults fed with a rye-based diet. | rye contains high concentrations of non-starch polysaccharides (nsps), leading to reduced digestibility. since poultry have little or no endogenous enzymes capable of hydrolyzing these nsp, exogenous carbohydrases as feed additives are used in an attempt to reduce the anti-nutritional effects of these polysaccharides. previously, an in vitro study conducted in our laboratory showed that inclusion of certain bacillus direct-fed microbial (dfm) candidates that produce exogenous phytase, lipase, pr ... | 2014 | 26664925 |
| the effect of a bacillus-based direct-fed microbial supplemented to sows on the gastrointestinal microbiota of their neonatal piglets. | direct-fed microbials (dfm) supplemented in sow diets may confer health benefits to the host and their piglets by reducing pathogens in the sow and environment. in this study we evaluated the effect of a bacillus-based dfm on the gastrointestinal microbiota of neonatal piglets. a total of 208 sows were divided into 2 treatments: a control diet and the control diet supplemented with a bacillus subtilis-based dfm (3.75 × 10(5) cfu/g feed). twenty-one piglets sampled from each sow treatment group w ... | 2013 | 23572261 |
| municipal landfill sites as sources of microorganisms potentially pathogenic to humans. | the present research was aimed at assessing the quality of air and soil on the premises and in the vicinity of the municipal landfill sites in toruń with regard to the presence of pathogenic bacteria, potentially dangerous to humans. air samples (the impaction method using a mas-100 impactor) and soil samples were collected from seven sampling sites including the operating and closed landfill cells, sampling sites located near leachate ponds, and sampling sites located outside the above premises ... | 2013 | 23563361 |
| bacillus subtilis pb6 improves intestinal health of broiler chickens challenged with clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis. | necrotic enteritis (ne) is an enterotoxemic disease caused by clostridium perfringens that results in significant economic losses, averaging damage of $0.05 per bird. the present study investigated the influence of a dietary supplement, bacillus subtilis pb6, on performance, intestinal health, and gut integrity against c. perfringens-induced ne in broiler birds. bacillus subtilis pb6 (atcc-pta 6737) is a natural strain isolated from healthy chicken gut that has been shown in in vitro to produce ... | 2013 | 23300303 |
| development of intestinal microflora and occurrence of diarrhoea in sucking foals: effects of bacillus cereus var. toyoi supplementation. | almost all foals develop transient diarrhoea within the first weeks of life. studies indicated different viral, bacterial, and parasitic causes, such as rotavirus, clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli, and cryptosporidium are discussed. but little is known about the development of intestinal microflora in foals. the present study investigated whether the supplementation with bacillus cereus var. toyoi would modify the developing intestinal microflora and consequently reduce diarrhoea in foa ... | 2015 | 25889817 |
| a necrotizing enterocolitis-associated gut microbiota is present in the meconium: results of a prospective study. | anomalous intestinal microbiota development is supposedly associated with development of necrotizing enterocolitis (nec). our aim in this study was to identify the intestinal microbiota of patients at risk for nec. | 2016 | 26787171 |
| branimycins b and c, antibiotics produced by the abyssal actinobacterium pseudonocardia carboxydivorans m-227. | two new antibiotics, branimycins b (2) and c (3), were produced by fermentation of the abyssal actinobacterium pseudonocardia carboxydivorans m-227, isolated from deep seawater of the avilés submarine canyon. their structures were elucidated by hrms and nmr analyses. these compounds exhibit antibacterial activities against a panel of gram-positive bacteria, including corynebacterium urealyticum, clostridium perfringens, and micrococcus luteus, and against the gram-negative bacterium neisseria me ... | 2017 | 28169531 |
| an active principle of nigella sativa l., thymoquinone, showing significant antimicrobial activity against anaerobic bacteria. | thymoquinone (tq) is the major active principle of nigella sativa seed (black seed) and is known to control many fungi, bacteria, and some viruses. however, the activity of tq against anaerobic bacteria is not well demonstrated. anaerobic bacteria can cause severe infections, including diarrhea, aspiration pneumonia, and brain abscess, particularly in immunodeficient individuals. the present study aimed to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of tq against some anaerobic pathogens in ... | 2017 | 28163966 |
| substrate specificity characterization for eight putative nudix hydrolases. evaluation of criteria for substrate identification within the nudix family. | the nearly 50,000 known nudix proteins have a diverse array of functions, of which the most extensively studied is the catalyzed hydrolysis of aberrant nucleotide triphosphates. the functions of 171 nudix proteins have been characterized to some degree, although physiological relevance of the assayed activities has not always been conclusively demonstrated. we investigated substrate specificity for eight structurally characterized nudix proteins, whose functions were unknown. these proteins were ... | 2016 | 27618147 |
| efficient and regioselective synthesis of β-galnac/glcnac-lactose by a bifunctional transglycosylating β-n-acetylhexosaminidase from bifidobacterium bifidum. | β-n-acetylhexosaminidases have attracted interest particularly for oligosaccharide synthesis, but their use remains limited by the rarity of enzyme sources , low efficiency, and relaxed regioselectivity of transglycosylation. in this work, genes of 13 β-n-acetylhexosaminidases, including 5 from bacteroides fragilis atcc 25285, 5 from clostridium perfringens atcc 13124, and 3 from bifidobacterium bifidum jcm 1254, were cloned and heterogeneously expressed in escherichia coli the resulting recombi ... | 2016 | 27422836 |
| [postoperative necrotizing fasciitis: a rare and fatal complication]. | postoperative parietal complications can be exceptionally severe and serious threatening vital prognosis. necrotizing fasciitis is a rare infection of the skin and deep subcutaneous tissues, spreading along fascia and adipose tissue. it is mainly caused by group a streptococcus (streptococcus pyogenes) but also by other bacteria such as vibrio vulnificus, clostridium perfringens or bacteroides fragilis. necrotizing fasciitis is a real surgical and medical emergency. we report, in this study, a v ... | 2016 | 27279950 |
| correlation between body mass index and faecal microbiota from children. | childhood obesity is an increasing problem at the global level and considered as a risk factor for obesity development and the associated co-morbidities in adult life. in this study, the occurrence of bacteroides fragilis group, clostridium spp., bifidobacterium spp. and escherichia coli in 84 faecal samples from 30 obese, 24 overweight and 30 lean children was verified by culture technique and quantitative determination by quantitative pcr. in addition, lactobacillus spp. and methanobrevibacter ... | 2016 | 26551842 |
| antibiotic susceptibility pattern of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria isolated from surgical site infection of hospitalized patients. | surgical site infections (ssis) are infections of incision or deep tissue at operation sites. these infections prolong hospitalization, delay wound healing, and increase the overall cost and morbidity. | 2015 | 26421133 |
| structure and inhibition of microbiome β-glucuronidases essential to the alleviation of cancer drug toxicity. | the selective inhibition of bacterial β-glucuronidases was recently shown to alleviate drug-induced gastrointestinal toxicity in mice, including the damage caused by the widely used anticancer drug irinotecan. here, we report crystal structures of representative β-glucuronidases from the firmicutes streptococcus agalactiae and clostridium perfringens and the proteobacterium escherichia coli, and the characterization of a β-glucuronidase from the bacteroidetes bacteroides fragilis. while largely ... | 2015 | 26364932 |
| persistent hyperglycemia modulates gut immune function and microbiota in rats. | since hyperglycemia-induced cellular dysfunction could be associated with alterations of the immune system, we tested the hypothesis that hyperglycemia augments the aberrant immune responses such as inflammation and differentiation of cd4(+) t lymphocytes in the mesenteric lymph nodes (mlns), and induces alterations of microbiota both under physiological and pathological conditions. | 2015 | 26207186 |
| anaerobic bacteria grow within candida albicans biofilms and induce biofilm formation in suspension cultures. | the human microbiome contains diverse microorganisms, which share and compete for the same environmental niches. a major microbial growth form in the human body is the biofilm state, where tightly packed bacterial, archaeal, and fungal cells must cooperate and/or compete for resources in order to survive. we examined mixed biofilms composed of the major fungal species of the gut microbiome, candida albicans, and each of five prevalent bacterial gastrointestinal inhabitants: bacteroides fragilis, ... | 2014 | 25308076 |
| evaluation of the in vitro activity of levornidazole, its metabolites and comparators against clinical anaerobic bacteria. | this study evaluated the in vitro anti-anaerobic activity and spectrum of levornidazole, its metabolites and comparators against 375 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria, including gram-negative bacilli (181 strains), gram-negative cocci (11 strains), gram-positive bacilli (139 strains) and gram-positive cocci (44 strains), covering 34 species. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of levornidazole, its five metabolites and three comparators against these anaerobic isolates were determined ... | 2014 | 25301712 |
| cytotoxicity comparison of quercetin and its metabolites from in vitro fermentation of several gut bacteria. | part of quercetin is coerced into the colon after ingestion and interacts with the gut microbiota. the interaction between quercetin and gut microbiota will influence human health. the cytotoxicity of quercetin and its metabolites from human gut bacteria in vitro fermentation was investigated in this study. the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) (mtt) and agar diffusion disc methods were individually applied in vitro to examine their inhibitory effect on three cultured ... | 2014 | 25015032 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria in ontario, 2010-2011. | the local epidemiology of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in anaerobic bacteria is important in guiding the empiric treatment of infections. however, susceptibility data are very limited on anaerobic organisms, particularly among non-bacteroides organisms. to determine susceptibility profiles of clinically-significant anaerobic bacteria in ontario canada, anaerobic isolates from sterile sites submitted to public health ontario laboratory (phol) for identification and susceptibility testing ... | 2014 | 24923267 |
| production of human metabolites by gastrointestinal bacteria as a potential source of post-mortem alteration of antemortem drug/metabolite concentrations. | previous studies have demonstrated that bacterial species are capable of transforming complex chemical substances. several of these species, native to the human gastrointestinal tract, are active in postmortem decomposition. they have potential to cause biotransformations affecting compound-to-metabolite ratios within the human body, especially after death. investigation of postmortem effects could supply valuable information, especially concerning compound identification and confirmation. the p ... | 2015 | 24665046 |
| isolation and identification of quercetin degrading bacteria from human fecal microbes. | quercetin has a wide range of biological properties. the gut microflora can often modulate its biological activity and their potential health effects. there still is a lack of information about gut bacteria involving in this process. the strains of gut microbes from human feces that can transform quercetin were isolated and identified by in vitro fermentation. the results showed that escherichia coli, stretococcus lutetiensis, lactobacillus acidophilus, weissella confusa, enterococcus gilvus, cl ... | 2014 | 24594786 |
| growth-inhibiting and morphostructural effects of constituents identified in asarum heterotropoides root on human intestinal bacteria. | the growth-inhibiting and morphostructural effects of seven constituents identified in asarum heterotropoides root on 14 intestinal bacteria were compared with those of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin. | 2013 | 24083511 |
| comparative in vitro activities of gsk2251052, a novel boron-containing leucyl-trna synthetase inhibitor, against 916 anaerobic organisms. | we studied the comparative in vitro activity of gsk2251052, a novel boron leucyl-trna synthetase inhibitor, against 916 clinical anaerobic isolates using clsi methods. the gsk mic50/mic90 for all isolates tested were 2 and 4 μg/ml, and the mic90s against 302 bacteroides fragilis and bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strains were 4 and 8 μg/ml, respectively. all clostridium perfringens strains had gsk2251052 mics of >32 μg/ml. there was no relationship between increased mics for any other antibiotics ... | 2013 | 23459482 |
| ceftazidime-avibactam: a novel cephalosporin/β-lactamase inhibitor combination. | avibactam (formerly nxl104, ave1330a) is a synthetic non-β-lactam, β-lactamase inhibitor that inhibits the activities of ambler class a and c β-lactamases and some ambler class d enzymes. this review summarizes the existing data published for ceftazidime-avibactam, including relevant chemistry, mechanisms of action and resistance, microbiology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and efficacy and safety data from animal and human trials. although not a β-lactam, the chemical structure of avibact ... | 2013 | 23371303 |
| population-based assessment of the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of anaerobic bloodstream infections. | anaerobes are a relatively uncommon but important cause of bloodstream infection. however, their epidemiology has not been well defined in non-selected populations. we sought to describe the incidence of, risk factors for, and outcomes associated with anaerobic bacteremia. | 2013 | 23292663 |
| treatment of bran containing bread by baking enzymes; effect on the growth of probiotic bacteria on soluble dietary fiber extract in vitro. | different ways of treating bran by baking enzymes prior to dough making and the baking process were used to increase the amount of water-soluble dietary fiber (df) in wheat bread with added bran. soluble df was extracted from the bread with water and separated from the digestible material with gastrointestinal tract enzymes and by solvent precipitation. the baking enzyme mixtures tested (xylanase and glucanase/cellulase, with and without lipase) increased the amounts of soluble arabinoxylan and ... | 2012 | 22790935 |
| oxygen tolerance in anaerobic pathogenic bacteria. | a prerequisite for successful identification of anaerobic pathogenic bacteria from samples of clinical material is the method of cultivation. currently, several methods of cultivation in anaerobic environment are used: cultivation in anaerobic box, anaerobic jar, and in nonrecurring cultivation system. here, we determined the suitability of the above methods of cultivation using the estimation of the growth (diameters of colony size) of commonly isolated anaerobic pathogens (bacteroides fragilis ... | 2012 | 22573259 |