| regulation of sucrose synthesis by cytoplasmic fructosebisphosphatase and sucrose phosphate synthase during photosynthesis in varying light and carbon dioxide. | the aim of this work was to investigate whether sucrose synthesis in the cytosol of leaf cells is regulated in response to the supply of energy and organic carbon from the chloroplast. fluxes into sucrose and metabolite levels in wheat (triticum aestivum var timmo) leaf protoplasts were compared in a range of light intensities and co(2) concentrations, showing that sucrose-phosphate synthase and the cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase are inhibited in situ when the supply of triosep from the c ... | 1983 | 16663083 |
| provisions of reductant for the hydroxypyruvate to glycerate conversion in leaf peroxisomes : a critical evaluation of the proposed malate/aspartate shuttle. | a series of experiments, with secale cereale and triticum aestivum var argee, to evaluate critically the ability of a malate/aspartate shuttle to provide reducing equivalents to drive hydroxypyruvate reduction to glycerate led to the conclusion that the shuttle, as previously envisioned, does not supply nadh to the peroxisomal matrix. first, analysis of coupled malate dehydrogenase and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase activities in the directions required for intraperoxisomal nadh generation ... | 1983 | 16663075 |
| the amino-acid sequence of a purothionin from triticum monococcum, a diploid wheat. | purothionins were extracted and purified from the diploid wheat triticum monococcum. two proteins were obtained, one of which was present in only very small amounts. the major purothionin of t. monococcum was sequenced and it had an amino acid sequence identical with that of the beta-purothionin of triticum aestivum (hexaploid bread wheat). it is known that t. monococcum contains the wheat a genome, so the structural gene coding for the beta-purothionin must comprise a part of the a genome. ther ... | 1983 | 6861746 |
| membrane properties of isolated winter wheat cells in relation to icing stress. | isolated cell preparations of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were utilized to examine the effect of ice encasement at -1 degrees c and exposure to ethanol on metabolic and biochemical properties of cells. following icing and ethanol treatments, passive efflux of amino acids increased gradually with duration of exposure to the stress, and closely paralleled the decline in viability of cells. in contrast, uptake of (86)rb declined much more rapidly than viability following exposure to icing o ... | 1983 | 16663038 |
| early growth of wheat embryonic axes and the synthesis of rna and dna. | the requirement for the synthesis of rna and dna in early germination of wheat (triticum aestivum var newana) embryonic axes has been studied by incubating embryos in the presence of appropriate inhibitors and monitoring both embryo growth and the rates of specific metabolic processes. experiments with 5-fluorouridine showed that both rrna and dna synthesis could be curtailed by 60 to 70% without affecting embryo growth to 24 hours. similarly, the presence of mitomycin c and methotrexate inhibit ... | 1983 | 16663013 |
| interactions among flooding, freezing, and ice encasement in winter wheat. | exposure of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to various combinations of flooding and freezing stresses induces much greater damage than the individual stresses. cold-hardened plants flooded for 1 week or exposed to -6 degrees c for 1 week show 100% survival, while survival of plants exposed to both stresses simultaneously is reduced by 20 to 30%, and cold hardiness decreases by several degrees. the level of nonstructural carbohydrates increases in crown tissue during cold acclimation, but dec ... | 1983 | 16662997 |
| nitrogen and photosynthesis in the flag leaf of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv yecora 70) plants were grown with various concentrations of nitrate nitrogen available to the roots. sampling of flag leaves began after they had reached full expansion and continued throughout senescence. rates of gas exchange, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (rup(2)) carboxylase activity, and the amounts of chlorophyll, soluble protein, nitrogen, and phosphorus were determined for each flag leaf. rate of co(2) assimilation was uniquely related to total leaf nitrogen ir ... | 1983 | 16662996 |
| changes in 1-(malonylamino)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid content in wilted wheat leaves in relation to their ethylene production rates and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid content. | in excised wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves, water-deficit stress resulted in a rapid increase, followed by a decrease, in ethylene production rates and in the levels of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc), the immediate precursor of ethylene. however, the level of n-malonyl-acc (macc), the major metabolite of acc, increased gradually, then leveled off. this increase in macc was much greater than the decrease in acc level. the macc levels were positively correlated with severity of wa ... | 1983 | 24264416 |
| the use of irradiated pollen for differential gene transfer in wheat (triticum aestivum). | the use of irradiated pollen to bring about limited gene transfer in wheat has been investigated. doses of x-rays of 2kr, 3kr and 5kr were used to generate m1 progeny between maternal and paternal genotypes differing in quantitative and major gene characters. cytological studies of m1 plants revealed hybrids with widespread aneuploidy and structural rearrangements in the paternal genome. these effects resulted in phenotypic variation between m1 progeny and complex multivalent formation at meiosi ... | 1983 | 24263337 |
| the molecular basis of genetic diversity among cytoplasms of triticum and aegilops species. ii. on the origin of polyploid wheat cytoplasms as suggested by chloroplast dna restriction fragment patterns. | in attempts to identify the phylogenetic donors of cytoplasm to emmer-dinkel and timopheevi groups of wheat (triticum), and the aegilops kotschyi-ae. variabilis complex, the restriction fragment patterns of chloroplast dnas of representative species were compared with those of their putative diploid ancestors. the following seven restriction enzymes were used; bamhi, ecori, hindiii, kpni, psti, smai and xhoi. the restriction fragment patterns of an emmer and a dinkel (common) wheat were identica ... | 1983 | 17246126 |
| regulation of plant acetyl-coa carboxylase by adenylate nucleotides. | the assay of acetyl-coa carboxylase (ec 6.4.1.2) does not follow ideal zero-order kinetics when assayed in a crude extract from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) germ. our results show that the lack of ideality is the consequence of contamination by atpase and adenylate kinase. these enzyme activities generate significant amounts of adp and amp in the assay mixture, thus limiting the availability of atp for the carboxylase reaction. moreover, adp and amp are competitive inhibitors, with respect to at ... | 1983 | 16662980 |
| increasing grain protein content of hard red winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by mutation breeding. | poor adaptability or functional quality of much germplasm used for breeding high-protein hard red winter wheats prompted mutagenesis as an alternative means of increasing grain protein content. four hard red winter wheat genotypes - ks644 ('triumph// concho/triumph'), 'kaw', 'parker', and 'shawnee' - were treated with 0.40 m ethyl methanesulfonate (ems). advanced lines (m8-m10) were selected that had a 3-year mean grain protein advantage of 0.7% to 2.0% over controls. increased grain protein con ... | 1983 | 24263199 |
| changes in the activities of pyrrolooxygenases during the germination of wheat grains. | porphobilinogen oxygenase, skatole pyrrolooxygenase, and tryptophan pyrrolooxygenase were found in the different parts of germinating wheat (triticum aestivum) grain seedlings. in the embryos of grains germinated for 24 hours, the activities of pbg oxygenase and skatole pyrrolooxygenase were inhibited by a labile inhibitor. tryptophan pyrrolooxygenase activity was not inhibited. embryos of grains germinated for 48 hours showed higher activities for the three enzymes. the latter were also present ... | 1983 | 16662914 |
| pigment analysis of chloroplast pigment-protein complexes in wheat. | pigment-protein complexes separated from wheat (triticum aestivum l. selection nd96-25 by two gel electrophoresis techniques were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography for chlorophylls and carotenoids. the two techniques are compared, and pigment analyses are given for the major reaction centers and light-harvesting complexes. reaction centers contain mostly chlorophyll a, carotene, and lutein, whereas light-harvesting complexes contain chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, lutein, and neox ... | 1983 | 16662906 |
| genetic studies of the crossability of hexaploid wheat with rye and hordeum bulbosum. | crosses of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) group 5 chromosome substitution lines from three different cultivar backgrounds indicate that there may be multiple alleles for reduced crossability with rye (secale cereale l.) and h. bulbosum on both 5a and 5b chromosomes. no reduction in seed set was observed from any of the 5d substitution lines. it was found that the kr1 locus on chromosome 5b had a more pronounced affect on both rye and h. bulbosum crossability than the kr2 locus on chromosome 5a and ... | 1983 | 24265078 |
| translocation of [c]sucrose in wheat. | flag leaves of wheat plants (triticum aestivum l. em. thell. cv ;duke') were supplied with (14)c(glucosyl)sucrose. translocated [(14)c]sucrose was isolated, then hydrolyzed. label appeared in both the hexose moieties indicating that some randomization of label had occurred. however, near the radioactive front essentially all of the (14)c was in the glucose moiety, suggesting that randomization occurred after unloading, supporting the conclusion that sucrose was taken up intact by phloem and tran ... | 1983 | 16662891 |
| reversible inactivation of nitrate reductase by nadh and the occurrence of partially inactive enzyme in the wheat leaf. | nitrate reductase from wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv bindawarra) leaves is inactivated by pretreatment with nadh, in the absence of nitrate, a 50% loss of activity occurring in 30 minutes at 25 degrees c with 10 micromolar nadh. nitrate (50 micromolar) prevented inactivation by 10 micromolar nadh while cyanide (1 micromolar) markedly enhanced the degree of inactivation.a rapid reactivation of nadh-inactivated nitrate reductase occurred after treatment with 0.3 millimolar ferricyanide or exposur ... | 1983 | 16662870 |
| relationship between photosynthesis and respiration: the effect of carbohydrate status on the rate of co(2) production by respiration in darkened and illuminated wheat leaves. | the rate of dark co(2) efflux from mature wheat (triticum aestivum cv gabo) leaves at the end of the night is less than that found after a period of photosynthesis. after photosynthesis, the dark co(2) efflux shows complex dependence on time and temperature. for about 30 minutes after darkening, co(2) efflux includes a large component which can be abolished by transferring illuminated leaves to 3% o(2) and 330 microbar co(2) before darkening. after 30 minutes of darkness, a relatively steady rat ... | 1983 | 16662869 |
| the chromosomal location of malate dehydrogenase isozymes in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the malate dehydrogenase (e.c. no 1.1.1. 37) of triticum aestivum l. cv. chinese spring, shows two activity zones. the results obtained support the hypothesis that the malate dehydrogenase isozymes of zone ii are dimers composed of the six possible combinations of subunits coded by triplicate genes located in the long arms of chromosomes of the homoeologous group 1. | 1983 | 24264953 |
| chromosomal location of genes controlling flavonoid production in hexaploid wheat. | two-dimensional paper chromatography was performed on methanol extracts of leaves of hexaploid bread wheat, triticum aestivum l. em. thell. cultivar chinese spring, and of the available nullisomic-tetrasomic compensating lines, the tetrasomic lines and the ditelocentric lines. the chromatograms had 27 spots identified as flavonoids and six representing phenolic acids. some of the areas were complex and contained more than one compound. four flavonoids were identified as under the control of gene ... | 1983 | 17246110 |
| dnase i sensitivity of transcriptionally active genes in intact nuclei and isolated chromatin of plants. | we have investigated the dnase i sensitivity of transcriptionally active dna sequences in intact nuclei and isolated chromatin from embryos of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). nuclei or isolated chromatin was incubated with dnase i, and the extent of dna digestion was monitored as percentage acid solubility. the resistant dna and dna from sham-digested controls were used to drive reassociation reactions with cdna populations corresponding to either total poly(a)+rna from unimbibed wheat embryos or ... | 1983 | 6219388 |
| correlation between gliadin bands. | starch gel electrophoresis of gliadins was carried out for 37 bread wheat cultivars chosen for their distant relationships. simple correlations were calculated between each of the 41 bands (variates) observed with these wheats. it was found that a band is usually negatively correlated with the two neighbouring mobility bands. the number of bands positively or negatively correlated with a given band varies from 2 to 8. taking the bands significantly positively correlated with each-other 32 groups ... | 1983 | 24264877 |
| study of genetic determination of 20 gliadin bands. | study of the genetic determination of the gliadins of two f2 progenies from bread wheat has enabled (1) confirmation of the co-dominant heredity of the presence of these bands in the f1, and (2) determination of the transmission of the presence/absence character for 20 bands. 10 bands are monogenically controlled; 10 others are coded by two pairs of alleles. among the latter 2 bands split into two proteins in 2 dimensional electrophoresis. analysis of the segregations, not taking into considerat ... | 1983 | 24264876 |
| genetic control of endosperm proteins in wheat : 1. the use of high resolution one-dimensional gel electrophoresis for the allocation of genes coding for endosperm protein subunits in the common wheat cultivar chinese spring. | total endosperm protein subunits, extracted from the common wheat cultivar chinese spring and from some of its aneuploid lines, were fractionated according to their molecular weight (mw) in an improved high resolution one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate (sds) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). the resolution obtained by this method and, in particular, that of the high molecular weight (hmw) glutenin and gliadin subunits approached that of a previous report in which two-dimensional fr ... | 1983 | 24264866 |
| nitrogen redistribution during grain growth in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) : iv. development of a quantitative model of the translocation of nitrogen to the grain. | translocation of nitrogen was measured in wheat (triticum aestivium l. cv sun 9e) plants grown without an exogenous supply of nitrogen from the time that the flagleaf began to emerge, and a model of nitrogen translocation was constructed to describe translocation on one day during the linear period of grain growth. nitrogen for grain development was derived entirely by the redistribution of nitrogen from vegetative organs. leaves contributed 40%, glumes 23%, stem 23%, and roots 16% of the nitrog ... | 1983 | 16662801 |
| expression of storage protein genes in developing wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seeds : correlation of rna accumulation and protein synthesis. | ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis in developing wheat kernels have been studied through in vivo labeling of wheat heads in culture. in inia 66r wheat labeled with [5-(3)h]uridine for 24-hour periods between 9 and 33 days after flowering, the total rate of rna accumulation in endosperm/testa pericarp tissues was highest in the youngest seeds, and declined with increasing seed age. in contrast, the rate of accumulation of poly(a)(+) rna approximately doubled between 12 and 15 days after flowe ... | 1983 | 16662795 |
| effect of methionine sulfoximine on the accumulation of ammonia in c(3) and c(4) leaves : the relationship between nh(3) accumulation and photorespiratory activity. | additions of methionine sulfoximine (msx), an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase (gs), result in an increase in nh(3) in seedling leaves of c(3) (wheat [triticum aestivum cv. kolibri] and barley [hordeum vulgare var perth]) and c(4) (corn [zea mays w6a x w182e] and sorghum [sorghum vulgare var mk300]) plants. nh(3) accumulation is higher in c(3) (about 17.8 micromoles per gram fresh weight per hour) than in c(4) (about 4.7 micromoles) leaves. under ideal conditions, when photosynthesis is not yet ... | 1983 | 16662781 |
| mapping of the hor-3 locus encoding d hordein in barley. | the hordein storage proteins of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) are of intense interest due to their genetic diversity and prominence and impact on the industrial and agricultural uses of the seed. two major hordein loci have been previously mapped on chromosome 5 (hor-1 and hor-2 encoding the c and b hordeins, respectively). a third major locus, hor-3, which codes for d hordein, has been located in the centromeric region of chromosome 5, probably on the long arm. two allelic variants with apparent ... | 1982 | 24270874 |
| the wheat ribosomal dna spacer region: its structure and variation in populations and among species. | the wheat rdna clone pta250 was examined in detail to provide a restriction enzyme map and the nucleotide sequence of two of the eleven, 130 bp repeating units found within the spacer region. the 130 bp units showed some sequence heterogeneity. the sequence difference between the two 130 bp units analysed (130.6 and 130.8) was at 7 positions and could be detected as a 4 °c shift in tm when heterologous and homologous hybrids were compared. this corresponded to a 1.2% change in nucleotide sequenc ... | 1982 | 24270871 |
| impact of biparental mating on correlation coefficients in bread wheat. | phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients and path-coefficients were studied in the biparental (bips) and f3 self progenies of the two wheat crosses. a comparison of correlation coefficients in the bips and the f3's revealed that as many as twelve new significant correlations were noticed in case of the bips in cross i although some of them occurred in the undesirable direction. on the other hand, only three new correlations were observed in the bips of cross ii, although as many as fift ... | 1982 | 24270654 |
| effect of the d genome and of selection on photosynthesis in wheat. | photosynthesis and transpiration in wheats and in their progenitors were analyzed in relation to their genome, ploidy and selection. the values of these parameters markedly depend on a specific effect of the d genome and on leaf enlargement in the course of evolution in wheats. leaf enlargement has had a marked effect on photosynthesis in the genotypes that are devoid of the d genome; in addition, their photosynthetic capacity is greater in forms with lower leaf area. the increase in the mesophy ... | 1982 | 24270498 |
| n-banding in triticum aestivum following feulgen hydrolysis. | terminal and/or interstitial n-bands were produced on the seven b-genome chromosomes and chromosomes 4 and 7 of the a-genome of triticum aestivum cv. 'chinese spring' by a modified bsg technique following a standard feulgen preparation. the banding was accomplished by modifying the barium hydroxide treatment. | 1982 | 24270495 |
| biochemical changes that occur during senescence of wheat leaves : i. basis for the reduction of photosynthesis. | changes in activities of photosynthetic enzymes and photochemical processes were followed with aging of vegetative and flag leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv roy). activities of stromal enzymes began to decline prior to photochemical activities. in general, total soluble protein and the activities of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and nadp-triose-phosphate dehydrogenase declined in parallel and at an earlier age than leaf chlorophyll (chl), leaf photosynthesis, and photosynthetic e ... | 1982 | 16662736 |
| genome expression during normal leaf development : 2. direct correlation between ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase content and nuclear ploidy in a polyploid series of wheat. | the quantitative relationships between ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase, nuclear ploidy, and plastid dna content were examined in the nonisogenic polyploid series triticum monococcum (2x), triticum dicoccum (4x), and triticum aestivum (6x). ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase per mesophyll cell increased in step with each increase in nuclear ploidy so the ratios of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase per mesophyll cell (picograms) to nuclear dna per mesophyll cell (picograms) were almost identical ... | 1982 | 16662728 |
| celiac sprue: correlation with murine t cell responses to wheat gliadin components. | celiac sprue is a disease in humans that is characterized by small intestinal mucosal injury and malabsorption. dietary exposure to gliadin and similar proteins in rye and barley activates the disease in susceptible individuals. celiac sprue appears to be the only disease with a marked hla-association in which the proteins that activate the disease currently are well known. however, bread wheat gliadins are a complex mixture of proteins that contain at least 40 different components. in the prese ... | 1982 | 6183341 |
| lectin synthesis in developing and germinating wheat and rye embryos. | wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and rye (secale cereale l.) lectins are specifically synthesized during seed formation. they accumulate exponentially in the primary axes in a period coinciding with the development of this complex organ. since the specific lectin content also increases dramatically, there is apparently an outburst of lectin synthesis during the development of the primary axes. germinating embryos also synthesize some lectin. the fortunate availability of a highly specific procedure ... | 1982 | 24272214 |
| oleate desaturation in young winter wheat root tissue. | [1,2-(14)c]acetate was incorporated into the lipids of young wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv kharkov 22 mc) root tissue, but predominantly into sterols. [1-(14)c]ammonium oleate was initially incorporated mainly into phosphatidylcholine (pc), and later into triglycerides (tgs). diglycerides (dgs) contained 16% of the lipid (14)c after 5 minutes and 8% after 40 minutes. the proportion of the label of each lipid group incorporated into linoleate during an 80-minute incubation increased at similar r ... | 1982 | 16662710 |
| in vitro synthesis of lectins in cell-free extracts from dry wheat and rye embryos. | cell-free extracts from dry wheat (triticum vulgare l.) and rye (secale cereale l.) embryos do not synthesize their corresponding lectins when incubated under conditions optimalized for translation of either exogenous or endogenous mrna. only when the extracts are prepared and incubated in the complete absence of sulphydryl containing compounds lectins are synthesized in vitro. since immunoprecipitation techniques could not demonstrate unequivocally the presence of lectin among the cell-free tra ... | 1982 | 24257711 |
| adenine nucleotide levels in the cytosol, chloroplasts, and mitochondria of wheat leaf protoplasts. | recently, a new method has been described, in which membrane filtration is used to allow the levels of adenine nucleotides in the chloroplast stroma, the cytosol, and the mitochondrial matrix to be measured. this method is now used to investigate the effect of illumination, of respiratory inhibitors, and of uncouplers on the distribution of atp, adp, and amp in wheat (triticum aestivum var. ;timmo') leaf protoplasts. (a) the adenine nucleotides are apparently equilibrated by adenylate kinase in ... | 1982 | 16662653 |
| rapid fractionation of wheat leaf protoplasts using membrane filtration : the determination of metabolite levels in the chloroplasts, cytosol, and mitochondria. | a technique is presented for measuring the in vivo metabolite levels in the chloroplast stroma, the cytosol, and the mitochondrial matrix of wheat (triticum aestivum, var ;timmo') leaf protoplasts, in which membrane filtration is used to prepare fractions enriched in the different subcellular fractions within 0.1 seconds after disruption of the protoplasts. by closing a syringe, protoplasts are forced through a net and disrupted, diluting the cytosol into the medium and also releasing intact chl ... | 1982 | 16662652 |
| changes in the content of modified nucleotides of total transfer rna of wheat seedlings during greening. | the contents in minor nucleotides of total transfer rna (trna) of etiolated and light-grown wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings and of seedlings illuminated for 24 or 48 h were examined. the total trna of seedlings illuminated 24 h contained more, and that from seedlings illuminated 48 h still more modified nucleotides than that from etiolated ones. thus, the appearance of the characteristic minor nucleotides of trna of light-grown wheat seedlings needs a rather long greening period, of at le ... | 1982 | 24276266 |
| the effect of plant-hormone pretreatments on ethylene production and synthesis of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid in water-stressed wheat leaves. | excised wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves, when subjected to drought stress, increased ethylene production as a result of an increased synthesis of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) and an increased activity of the ethyleneforming enzyme (efe), which catalyzes the conversion of acc to ethylene. the rise in efe activity was maximal within 2 h after the stress period, while rehydration to relieve water stress reduced efe activity within 3 h to levels similar to those in nonstressed tis ... | 1982 | 24271976 |
| relationships of agropyron intermedium chromosomes determined by chromosome pairing and alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes in common wheat background. | the relationships of agropyron intermedium chromosomes in two wheat-agropyron addition series were determined. chromosome pairing behaviour revealed that the alien chromosome in lines taf-2 and l7 of 'vilmorin'-a. intermedium set are homologous to the alien chromosomes in lines p and c of the 'caribo'-a. intermedium set respectively. localization of alcohol dehydrogenase isozyme genes in 'vilmorin'-agropyron addition line l4 and in 'caribo'-agropyron line o indicated relationships with wheat chr ... | 1982 | 24270819 |
| histochemical localization of nucleotide pyrophosphatase and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase in seeds and shoots of triticum. | the activities of potato nucleotide pyrophosphatase and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase against a common substrate, p-nitrophenyl thymidine 5'-phosphate and its histochemical analogue, as-bi-naphthyl thymidine 5'-phosphate, were determined with the aid of relatively specific inhibitors, nad and 2',3'-camp, respectively. these inhibitors were utilized to reexamine wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. mironovska 808) seeds and 3-5-d old shoots for the occurrence and histochemical localization of nu ... | 1982 | 24271768 |
| germination of wheat embryos and the transport of amino acids into a protein synthesis precursor pool. | wheat (triticum aestivum l. var. lew) embryonic axes take up externally supplied radioactive amino acid (from a solution greater than 2 millimolar) such that the specific radioactivity of the total internal amino acid rapidly reaches that of the external solution. nevertheless, incorporation of radioactive amino acid into protein increases steadily as the concentration of external amino acid is increased, indicating that the amino acid that is precursor to protein synthesis is not in equilibrium ... | 1982 | 16662481 |
| adaptive changes in atpase activity in the cells of winter wheat seedlings during cold hardening. | a cytochemical study of atpase activity in the cells of cold hardened and nonhardened winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. nongke no. 1) seedlings was carried out by electron microscopic observation of lead phosphate precipitation. atpase activity associated with various cellular organelles was altered during cold hardening. (a) at 22 degrees c, high plasmalemma atpase activity was observed in both cold hardened and nonhardened tissues; at 5 degrees c, high activity of plasmalemma atpase was o ... | 1982 | 16662432 |
| the induction of sensitivity to gibberellin in aleurone tissue of developing wheat grains : ii. evidence for temperature-dependent membrane transitions. | aleurone tissue from undried immature developing wheat grains (triticum aestivum l. cv. sappo), normally insensitive to gibberellic acid, can be made to respond to the hormone by a series of temperature treatments. incubation of the de-embryoed grains at temperatures above 27° c for at least 8 h causes the tissue to become sensitive. prolonged incubation at temperatures below 27° c does not effect a change in sensitivity. in addition to the requirement for exposure to an elevated temperature for ... | 1982 | 24276355 |
| the induction of sensitivity to gibberellin in aleurone tissue of developing wheat grains : i. the effect of dehydration. | aleurone layers from immature developing wheat grains (triticum aestivum l. cvs. sappo. and champlein), though normally insensitive, can be made to produce α-amylase in response to gibberellic acid by subjecting the grains to a period of enforced dehydration prior to introduction to the hormone. the change in sensitivity appears to depend upon the water content of the tissue, water levels of below approximately 25% being critical for the effect. grain detachment or duration of drying apparently ... | 1982 | 24276354 |
| a genetic basis for the origin of six different isolectins in hexaploid wheat. | wheat (triticum aestivum) germ agglutinin represents a complex mixture of multiple isolectin forms. upon ion exchange chromatography at ph 3.8, three isolectins can be separated, each of which is composed of two identical subunits. at ph 5.0, however, three additional isolectins can be distinguished, which are built up of two different subunits (heteromeric lectins). evidence is presented that these heterodimers are normal constituents of the wheat embryo cells. analyses of the isolectin pattern ... | 1982 | 24276352 |
| cytogenetic structure of common wheat cultivars from or introduced into spain. | chromosome arrangements of twenty-eight cultivars of common wheat, triticum aestivum l., from or introduced into spain are compared with that of 'chinese spring' taken as a pattern. all the cultivars analyzed differ from 'chinese spring' by one or two reciprocal translocations. when 12 out of 28 cultivars were compared it was concluded that a minimum number of thirteen interchanges are present, involving at least ten different chromosomes of the complement. the interest of a reappraisal of the r ... | 1982 | 24270334 |
| the chromosomal location of factors determining the presence of phenolic compounds in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | using thin-layer chromatography and nulli-tetrasomic and ditellosomic series of triticum aestivum l. cv. 'chinese spring', it has been possible to relate the phenolic compounds found in adult plant leaves and 12 day-old seedling leaves with the chromosomes or chromosome arms 1 b, 2 bl, 3 bl, 5 a, 6 al, 7 b and 7 ds. | 1982 | 24270333 |
| photoactivation of the water-oxidation system in isolated intact chloroplasts prepared from wheat leaves grown under intermittent flash illumination. | photoactivation of the latent oxygen-evolving system in intact chloroplasts isolated from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves grown under intermittent flash illumination was investigated, and the following results were obtained: (a) the water-oxidation activity generated on illuminating the isolated intact chloroplasts was as high as that generated in intact leaves, indicating that all the machinery necessary for the activity generation is assembled within intact chloroplasts. (b) the generation ... | 1982 | 16662415 |
| chloroplast dna levels and the control of chloroplast division in light-grown wheat leaves. | plastids at different stages of development were isolated from light-grown wheat (triticum aestivum, var. maris dove) seedling leaves, and the average chloroplast dna (cpdna) per plastid at each developmental stage was measured directly. in the earliest stages of development, the number of plastids per cell and the amount of cpdna per cell increased with cell age, but cpdna per plastid remained constant at between 800 and 1,000 genome copies per plastid. after this phase, plastids per cell conti ... | 1982 | 16662409 |
| pathway of malic acid synthesis in response to ion uptake in wheat and lupin roots: evidence from fixation of c and c. | malate synthesis by co(2) fixation in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and lupin (lupinus luteus) roots was investigated by labeling with nah(13)co(3) as well as with nah(14)co(3). the distribution of (14)c label in the malate was examined, using enzymic degradation methods (malic enzyme, pyruvate decarboxylase) and, in the case of (13)c, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. in long-term experiments (2 to 12 hours), both methods showed that the [1-c] and [4-c] positions of malic acid are approximat ... | 1982 | 16662388 |
| phenotypical temperature adaptation of protein synthesis in wheat seedlings : qualitative aspects. involvement of aminoacid:trna-ligases. | phenotypical temperature adaptation of protein synthesis in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings is not affected by darkness (etiolation), by partial inhibition of protein biosynthesis (10(-3)m fluorophenylalanine), or by changing the amino acid precursor and the radioisotope ([(3)h]valine instead of [(14)c]leucine). the temperature coefficient (mu), as well as the optimum temperature of in vivo protein synthesis, increases with rising preadaptation temperature, as normally observed. protein t ... | 1982 | 16662387 |
| the golgi apparatus in developing endosperm of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the ultrastructure and distribution of the golgi apparatus in developing wheat endosperm was investigated using a zinc iodide-osmium tetroxide staining complex in conjunction with low and high voltage electron microscopy. dictyosomes were numerous in starchy endosperm and aleurone at 15 days after anthesis, and during the period of rapid storage protein deposition 25 d after anthesis. fewer dictyosomes were seen in maturing endosperm. two types of vesicles were associated with the dictyosomes; s ... | 1982 | 24276072 |
| a comparison of the properties of atpase associated with wheat and cauliflower plasma membranes. | plasma membrane-associated atpase obtained from cauliflower (brassica oleraceae l.) florets isolated and assayed by several different procedures was stimulated 150 to 400% by k(+). in contrast, winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. kharkov 22 mc) shoot and root atpase obtained by the same methods exhibited only 10 to 25% stimulation by k(+). the level of k(+)-stimulation of the wheat enzyme was not significantly increased by purifying the crude microsomal membrane fraction using sucrose density ... | 1982 | 16662377 |
| genome expression during normal leaf development : i. cellular and chloroplast numbers and dna, rna, and protein levels in tissues of different ages within a seven-day-old wheat leaf. | changes in genome expression during normal cellular and plastid development in the first leaf of young (7-day-old) wheat (triticum aestivum var. maris dove) were investigated by examining homogeneous populations of leaf cells and plastids of several developmental ages present in the same leaf. the cells were characterized over a period immediately following the last cell division. all of the leaf cells had cytoplasmic contents and nuclei, and between 44% (young tissue) and 54% (older tissue) of ... | 1982 | 16662317 |
| pollen callus culture in triticum aestivum. | pollen shed between 4-8 d from anthers of triticum aestivum cultured in liquid medium gave rise to calluses. tillers were harvested at the mid-to late-unicellular pollen stages and chilled for 8 d at 4-5 °c before the anthers were dissected out. pollen cultures gave about 6 times as many calluses on a per anther basis as anthers cultured on solid medium. with the most productive of 5 cultivars tested, pollen culture results in roughly one callus for each anther used, though the calluses formed b ... | 1982 | 24270703 |
| epistatic, additive and dominance variation in a triple test cross of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | triple test cross progenies resulting from the crossing of three testers ('kloka', 'up 368' and an f1 intermediate between them) and 24 varieties of bread wheat have been studied for plant height (cm), peduncle length (cm), ear length (cm), number of spikelets per spike and harvest index (ratio between economic and total yield). epistasis was not significant for any of the characters studied. the testers were inadequate for plant height and for peduncle length although the testers varied conside ... | 1982 | 24270534 |
| intracellular localization of peptide hydrolases in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves. | protoplasts from 8- to 9-day-old wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves were used to isolate organelles which were examined for their contents of peptide hydrolase enzymes and, in the case of vacuoles, other acid hydrolases. high yields of intact chloroplasts were obtained using both equilibrium density gradient centrifugation and velocity sedimentation centrifugation on sucrose-sorbitol gradients. aminopeptidase activity was found to be distributed, in approximately equal proportions, between the ... | 1982 | 16662252 |
| relationship between poly(adenosine 5'-diphosphate-ribose) synthesis and transcriptional activity in wheat embryo chromatin. | chromatin-bound poly(adenosine 5'-diphosphate [adp]-ribose) synthetase activity was highest in ungerminated wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. mukakomugi) embryos, and it decreased after germination within 14 hours. in contrast, transcriptional activity was lowest in ungerminated wheat embryos, and it increased during germination for 24 hours or more. histones, h1, h2a/h2b, basic nonhistone chromosomal proteins, and acidic nonhistone chromosomal proteins (molecular weight more than 10 kilodaltons) ... | 1982 | 16662244 |
| light and dark controls of nitrate reduction in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) protoplasts. | protoplasts were isolated from the leaves of nitrate-cultured wheat (triticum aestivum l. var. frederick) seedlings. when incubated in the dark, protoplasts accumulated nitrite under anaerobic, but not under aerobic, conditions. the assimilation of [(15)n]nitrite by protoplasts was strictly light-dependent, and no loss of nitrite from the assay medium was observed under dark aerobic conditions. therefore, the absence of nitrite accumulation under dark aerobic conditions was the result of an o(2) ... | 1982 | 16662238 |
| influence of varying co(2) and orthophosphate concentrations on rates of photosynthesis, and synthesis of glycolate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate by wheat chloroplasts. | intact chloroplasts of wheat (triticum aestivum) were isolated from mesophyll protoplasts. with decreasing concentrations of bicarbonate from 10 to 0.3 millimolar (ph 8.0), the optimal concentration of orthophosphate (pi) for photosynthetic o(2) evolution decreased from a value of 0.1 to 0.2 millimolar to 0 to 0.025 millimolar. the extremely low pi optimum for photosynthesis at the low bicarbonate levels of 0.3 millimolar was increased by lowering the o(2) concentration from 253 (21% gas phase) ... | 1982 | 16662231 |
| correlation between cold- and drought-induced frost hardiness in winter wheat and rye varieties. | exposure of six wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and one rye (secale cereale l.) cultivar to 40% relative humidity for 24 hours induced the same degree of freezing tolerance in seedling epicotyls as did cold conditioning for 4 weeks at 2 degrees c.frost hardiness varietal relationships were the same in desiccation-stressed and cold-hardened seedlings. drought stress could, therefore, be used as a rapid and simple method for inducing frost hardiness in seedling shoots in replacement of cold condition ... | 1982 | 16662170 |
| water relations, temperature, and growth of wheat grown with magnets. | plant water potential, osmotic potential, stomatal resistance, leaf temperature, soil temperature, height, dry weight, and nutrient composition of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell. 'osage') grown with electromagnets 10 cm long were measured to determine the effect of magnets on water relations, temperature, and growth. plants grew in 15-cm diameter pots in a growth room for 44 days with the magnets, which had 0, 5, 15, 25, 50, 125, or 250 ampere-turns. plants grown with few ampere-tu ... | 1982 | 7100386 |
| studies on the secondary structure of wheat 5.8 s rrna. conformational changes in the a + u-rich stem during ribosome assembly. | the nucleotide sequence of wheat (triticum aestivum) 5.8-s ribosomal rna has been re-examined using partial chemical degradation with high-temperature sequencing gels and oligonucleotide analysis. the results clarify previously ambiguous residues and add two additional nucleotides, g127 and g135, to the sequence. estimates of the secondary structure suggest that 5.8-s rrnas of higher plants differ from previous examples in having more open g + c-rich and a + u-rich stems. s1 ribonuclease digesti ... | 1982 | 7060553 |
| effect of choline chloride on fatty acid chain ordering in membranes of wheat (triticum aestvium l. cv. miranovskaja 808). | a winter variety (miranovskaja 808) of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was grown in water cultures containing 0, 5, 15, 30, and 60 mm choline chloride. there was an increase in the phosphatidylcholine level at the expense of phosphatidic acid, parallel with an increasing choline concentration in the cultivating medium. while the ratio of free sterols to phospholipids remained essentially constant in the seedlings, there was an increase in the ratio of saturated-to-unsaturated fatty acids of the pho ... | 1981 | 24275821 |
| endoplasmic reticulum formation during germination of wheat seeds : a quantitative electron microscope study. | this study demonstrates germination-induced ultrastructural changes in wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv arthur) aleurone cells. seeds imbided for 4 hours in water contained endoplasmic reticulum (er) or er-like membranes as vesicles or as short segments of membrane associated with the spherosomes on the periphery of aleurone grains. aleurone cells incubated between 8 and 10 hours contained abundant er membranes mainly associated with the nuclear envelope and, to a lesser extent, with the spherosom ... | 1981 | 16662100 |
| in vivo determination of parameters of nitrate utilization in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings grown with low concentration of nitrate in the nutrient solution. | six genotypes of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) differing in grain protein concentration were grown on a nutrient solution containing low concentrations of no(3) (-) (2 millimolar). total no(3) (-) uptake varied between genotypes but was not related to grain protein content. an in vivo nitrate reductase assay was used to determine the affinity of the enzyme for no(3) (-), and large phenotypic variations were observed. in vivo estimations of the concentration and size of the metabolic pool w ... | 1981 | 16662085 |
| genetic diversity of the cytoplasm in triticum and aegilops. viii. fraction i protein of 39 cytoplasms. | the electrophoretic characteristics of the cytoplasmically controlled large subunit of the fraction i protein of 36 alloplasmic and three euplasmic control lines are reported. these lines, representing the cytoplasms of 32 triticum and aegilops species, had either h- or l-type large subunits in their fraction i protein; the diploid triticum and most aegilops species, including ae. bicornis and ae. sharonensis, had the l-type subunits; whereas, all the polyploid triticum species (emmer, timopheev ... | 1981 | 17249126 |
| vacuole/extravacuole distribution of soluble protease in hippeastrum petal and triticum leaf protoplasts. | the subcellular distribution of soluble protease in anthesis-stage, anthocyanin-containing hippeastrum cv. dutch red hybrid petal protoplasts has been reevaluated and that of triticum aestivum l. var. red coat leaf protoplasts determined using (125)i-fibrin as a protease substrate and improved methods for protoplast and vacuole volume estimation. results indicate that about 20% of the hippeastrum petal-soluble protease and about 90% of the wheat leaf-soluble protease can be assigned to the vacuo ... | 1981 | 16662055 |
| structural and genetical studies on the high-molecular-weight subunits of wheat glutenin : part 1: allelic variation in subunits amongst varieties of wheat (triticum aestivum). | the high-molecular-weight (hmw) subunits of glutenin from about 185 varieties were fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). about 20 different, major subunits were distinguished by this technique although each variety contained, with only a few exceptions, between 3 and 5 subunits. further inter-varietal substitution lines to those already described (payne et al. 1980) were analysed and the results indicate that all the hmw subunits are controlled by ... | 1981 | 24276740 |
| monosomic analysis of genes for resistance against stem rust races in bread wheat. | using monosomic analysis genes governing resistance in one wheat variety, 'e5883', against stem rust races 15c and 122, were located on specific chromosomes. against race 15c, a major dominant gene, sr6, was located on chromosome 2d of 'e5883' with minor modifiers found on chromosomes 4a and 6d. against race 122, the presence of a recessive hemizygous ineffective gene, sr8, was identified, located on chromosome 6a of variety 'e5883'. | 1981 | 24276516 |
| in vitro synthesis of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) storage proteins. | free and membrane-associated polysomes were isolated in approximately equal amounts from endosperm of wheat kernels harvested 20 days after anthesis. the presence of heparin in the homogenizing buffer minimized polysome degradation. ribonucleic acid from the isolated polysomes, when translated in vitro in a wheat germ system, yielded products ranging in size from about 12,000 to about 80,000 daltons, including at least two polypeptides that co-migrated with seed extract proteins in sodium dodecy ... | 1981 | 16661998 |
| role of atp in nitrite reduction in roots of wheat and pea. | excised wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and field pea (pisum arvense l.) roots, incubated under anaerobic conditions or in the presence of uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation [2,4-dinitrophenol (dnp), carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone, pentachlorophenol] accumulated nitrite as a result of an inhibition of nitrite reduction. in isolated root plastids, nitrite reduction was dependent on a supply of glucose-6-phosphate (g6p) and did not require atp. the estimated km value for glucose 6-phosp ... | 1981 | 24302420 |
| recognition of two types of positive staining chromosomal material by manipulation of critical steps in the n-banding technique. | the nucleolar regions on chromosomes 1b and 6b of triticum aestivum l. cv chinese spring wheat can reliably be observed after careful control of the giemsa n-banding technique. identification of rye (secale cereale) chromosomes using n-banding is demonstrated and compared to a simple c-banding method. the n-banding in rye chromosomes and the nucleolar sites on 1b and 6b of wheat differ from the normal n-banding sites of wheat chromosomes. further, the banding of these nucleolar regions and of th ... | 1981 | 7303011 |
| selection and identification of a spontaneous alien chromosome translocation in wheat. | a wheat (triticum aestivum l. emend thell) disomic addition line (2n = 6x = 44), sh1-152-2, with a pair of elytrigia pontica (podp.) holub 2n = 10x = 70 [syn. agropyron elongatum (host) p.b.] chromosomes controlling blue aleurone color was crossed with a short-statured spring wheat ;sonora 64' (t. aestivum). isoline pairs of blue-disomic addition lines and nonblue euploid lines were produced by selecting plants segregating for blue aleurone for 12 generations. nineteen of 20 blue aleurone lines ... | 1981 | 17249090 |
| nitrogen redistribution during grain growth in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) : iii. enzymology and transport of amino acids from senescing flag leaves. | the technique of edta-enhanced phloem exudation (king and zeevaart, 1974: plant physiol. 53, 96-103) was evaluated with respect to the collection and identification of amino acids exported from senescing wheat leaves. whilst the characteristics of the exudate collected conform with many of the accepted properties of phloem exudate, unexpectedly high molar proportions of phenylalanine and tyrosine were observed. by comparing exudation into a range chelator solutions with exudation into water, the ... | 1981 | 24302110 |
| an analysis of genes for resistance against two indian cultures of stem rust races of two bread wheats. | two bread wheat accessions, e5008 and e6160, have been genetically analysed for resistance genes effective against indian cultures of stem rust races, 15c and 122. the inheritance of resistance to each race has been determined from the f1 and f2 of the crosses (resistant parents with the susceptible variety, 'agra local') and f2 progenies from the backcross to 'agra local'. tests have been performed to see if the two varieties carry common genes/s for resistance. the identity of the genes for re ... | 1981 | 24276687 |
| nitrate reductase activity (in vivo and in vitro) of ditelosomic stocks of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the nitrate reductase activities (nra) of 31 ditelosomic stocks were compared with that of the control plant [chinese spring (cs) euploid], using in vivo and in vitro assay procedures that had been optimized with respect to the euploid. fourteen stock exhibited significant differences in in vivo nra from that of the euploid; the effect of removal of a chromosome arm was always to increase nra. eight of these stocks showed similar effects in vitro, although in three, a casein-sensitive factor had ... | 1981 | 7195707 |
| the role of 'norin 10' dwarfing genes in photosynthetic and respiratory activity of wheat leaves. | a comparative analysis of eight cultivars of spring wheat (triticum aestivum) classified by height as tall (t), semi-dwarf (d1), dwarf (d2) and very dwarf (d3) was conducted to study their efficiency of oxygen exchange during photosynthesis and dark respiration. two cultivars were included in each height group.cultivars carrying 'norin 10' dwarfing genes (d1, d2 and d3) were found to have a significantly higher photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area than talls (t) that lack these genes. among th ... | 1981 | 24276628 |
| an evaluation of mitochondrial heterosis and in vitro mitochondrial complementation in wheat, barley and maize. | two families each of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and maize (zea mays l.) were studied for mitochondrial heterosis and in vitro mitochondrial complementation. inbred parents and their hybrids were compared for seedling heights and rate of oxygen uptake by the whole tissue to find out if the hybrids showed greater growth and respiratory activity at the seedling stage. further comparisons were made by isolating mitochondria from the seedling tissues and measuring their ... | 1981 | 24276441 |
| metabolism of cytokinin : dephosphorylation of cytokinin ribonucleotide by 5'-nucleotidases from wheat germ cytosol. | two forms (f-i and f-ii) of 5'-nucleotidases (5'-ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase, ec 3.1.3.5) which catalyze the dephosphorylation of n(6)-(delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenosine 5'-monophosphate and amp to form the corresponding nucleosides were partially purified from the cytosol of wheat (triticum aestivum) germ. both the f-i (molecular weight, 57,000) and f-ii (molecular weight, 110,000) 5'-nucleotidases dephosphorylate the ribonucleotides at an optimum ph of 7. the k(m) values for the cytokinin nuc ... | 1981 | 16661701 |
| cell surface receptors for wheat germ agglutinin and limulin in baby hamster kidney cells and ricin resistant variants. | the cell surface glycoconjugates of baby hamster kidney cells and of four ricin resistant variants were investigated by the use of 125i-substituted ricin (ricinus communis toxin) which binds galactose residues, and by the use of fluorescein labelled lectins which bind n-acetylneuraminic acid and/or n-acetylglucosamine: limulin (limulus polyphemus agglutinin), wheat germ agglutinin (triticum vulgare agglutinin) and succinylated wheat germ agglutinin. striking differences in the number of lectin a ... | 1981 | 7225462 |
| the manipulation of polar head group composition of phospholipids in the wheat miranovskaja 808 affects frost tolerance. | caryopses of the frost-resistant cultivar of the wheat triticum aestivum l., miranovskaja 808, were germinated and grown in the presence of various concentrations of choline chloride. changes in the composition of leaf total phospholipids and leaf total fatty acids at two extreme temperatures (25°c and 2°c) as well as changes in frost resistance were followed. a choline chloride concentration-dependent accumulation of phosphatidyl choline was observed in the leaves. seedlings grown at 2°c accumu ... | 1981 | 24301717 |
| nonstructural chromosome differentiation among wheat cultivars, with special reference to differentiation of chromosomes in related species. | wheat cultivar chinese spring (triticum aestivum l. em. thell.) was crossed with cultivars hope, cheyenne and timstein. in all three hybrids, the frequencies of pollen mother cells (pmcs) with univalents at metaphase i (mi) were higher than those in the parental cultivars. no multivalents were observed in the hybrids, indicating that the cultivars do not differ by translocations. thirty-one chinese spring telosomic lines were then crossed with substitution lines in which single chromosomes of th ... | 1981 | 17249077 |
| the relationship between nuclear dna content and centromere volume in higher plants. | the total volume of centromeres per nucleus varies widely within triticum aestivum cv. chinese spring (7-fold) and between 11 higher plant species (24-fold). such variation is closely correlated with nuclear dna content, nuclear volume and, to a lesser extent, the total volume of nucleoli per nucleus. centromere volume reflects minor intraspecific developmental fluctuations in nuclear size independent of variation in nuclear dna content, but variation in nuclear dna plays the major role in deter ... | 1981 | 7263787 |
| d genome doners for aegilops cylindrica (ccdd) and triticum aestivum (aabbdd) deduced from esterase isozyme analysis. | putative d genome donors for aegilops cylindrica (2n = 28, ccdd) and triticum aestivum (2n = 42, aabbdd) were studied with the isoelectric focusing patterns of esterase isozymes. 103 strains of ae. cylindrica were uniform in their isozyme pattern. 30 strains of the putative parent, ae. caudata, showed no zymogram variation, whereas the other parent, ae. squarrosa, comprised 3 phenotypes. natural ae. cylindrica had an isozyme pattern which corresponded to a mixture of esterases from ae. caudata a ... | 1981 | 24276583 |
| characterization of the caryopsis of common wheat varieties and f2 generation hybrids by means of multivariate analysis. | nineteen parameters of common wheat kernels were investigated by the multivariate procedure. a relationship between the dbc parameter and both specific gravity and kernel filling was found. in some populations an interdependence of the dbc parameter and the subaleurone endosperm thickness was found. in the analysis of principal components the dbc parameter was represented mostly by particular component. significant dependences were found between the dimensions as well as the weight of the caryop ... | 1981 | 24276327 |
| [the cyanogenic glycosides of triticum, secale and sorghum]. | the cyanogenic glucosides obtained from seedlings of triticum aestivum ssp. spelta, the inflorescences of secale montanum and the caryopses of sorghum bicolor were identified by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. in all cases the cyanogenic principle is 2-beta- d-glucopyranosyloxy- 2 - (4-hydroxyphenyl) -2s-acetonitril (dhurrin). according to thinlayer chromatographic investigations the cyanogenic glucoside of secale cereale seems also to be dhurrin. | 1981 | 17401823 |
| regulation of fructose-1,6-biphosphatase activity in intact chloroplasts. studies of the mechanism of inactivation. | 1. the aim of this work was to investigate the mechanism of dark inactivation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (d-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase, ec 3.1.3.11) in isolated intact chloroplasts of triticum aestivum. 2. dark inactivation of the enzyme, which was rapid under aerobic conditions, was prevented under anaerobic conditions when chloroplasts were incubated in the absence of an electron acceptor. electron acceptors such as oxaloacetate readily brought about inactivation under an ... | 1980 | 6263323 |
| light-mediated activation of stromal sedoheptulose bisphosphatase. | when isolated wheat (triticum aestivum) chloroplasts were illuminated, the activity of sedoheptulose bisphosphatase increased severalfold. the rate of activation was limited by the size of the carbon pool, and experiments with a partially purified enzyme preparation showed that the degree of reductive activation of the enzyme is governed by the concentration of its substrate. | 1980 | 6269533 |
| genotypic effects of the maternal tissues of wheat on its grain weight. | reciprocal crosses were made between semi dwarf spring wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum l.) differing in grain weight. the weights of the f1 grains (on maternal spikes), from intact as well as from defoliated plants, and those of the f2 grains (on f1 spikes), were examined. grain weight was controlled primarily by the genotype of the maternal tissues (pericarp, testa or other floret or spikelet organs, including the vascular system), with complete dominance of heaviness. no indications suggest ... | 1980 | 24301501 |
| nitrogen redistribution during grain growth in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) : i. peptide hydrolase activity and protein breakdown in the flag leaf, glumes and stem. | the activity of a range of endo- and exopeptidase enzymes have been measured in the glumes, flag leaf and stem during the period of grain development in wheat. the enzymes show a sequential pattern of appearance with activity peaks occurring at a number of intervals from anthesis until just prior to the cessation of grain growth. of the enzymes studied only the haemoglobin- and casein-degrading activity and alanylglycine-dipeptidase activity increased during the period of rapid protein loss, whi ... | 1980 | 24310182 |
| lipid metabolism in developing wheat (triticum aestivum) seeds. | | 1980 | 7450207 |
| production of trigeneric (barley × wheat) × rye hybrids. | rye (secale cereale cv. prolific 2n=14 and 2n =14 + 2b was crossed onto hybrids between barley (hordeum vulgare 2n = 14) and wheat (triticum aestivum 2n= 42). pollinated florets were injected with ga3 to promote fertilization and hybrid embryo development. at 16 days after pollination the watery caryopses were removed, embryos dissected and cultured on a modified b5 medium. approximately 20% of the cultured embryos produced both roots and coleoptile and developed into viable seedlings. viable se ... | 1980 | 24305857 |
| the effect of b-chromosomes of rye on the chromosome association in f1 hybrids triticum aestivum x secale cereale in the absence of chromosomes 5b or 5d. | t. aestivum var. 'chinese spring' (monosomic 5b and 5d, respectively) was crossed with s. cereale (with and without b-chromosomes). the resulting nullisomic 5b hybrids exhibited a high degree of chromosome association both at 20°c and 10°c. the presence of b-chromosomes reduced association slightly whether 5b was present or not.in nullisomic 5d hybrids b-chromosomes of rye raise chromosome association at 20°c when compared to hybrids with 5d, with as well as without, b's. at 10°c, due to the abs ... | 1980 | 24305853 |
| nitrogen redistribution during grain growth in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) : ii. chloroplast senescence and the degradation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. | the flag leaf of wheat was examined for changes in quantity and activity of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase (rubpcase; ec 4.1.1.39), in the proteolytic degradation of rubpcase and other native proteins, and in the ultrastructure of the leaf cells during grain development. proteolytic degradation of rubpcase at ph 4.8 increased until 8-10 d after anthesis, then declined, and increased again 16-18 d after anthesis. the second peak coincided with the onset of a preferential loss of immunologicall ... | 1980 | 24306293 |
| new cytoplasmic male sterility sources in common wheat: their genetical and breeding considerations. | nuclei from triticum aestivum l. cultivars 'penjamo 62' and 'siete cerros 66' were introduced into the cytoplasms of different species of aegilops and some subspecies (varieties) of t. dicoccoides by backcrossing. the sterile alloplasmic lines obtained were compared with the normal cultivars used as the recurrent pollen parents. according to the cytoplasmic effect, these cytoplasms were subdivided into three main groups. the first group possesses c(u) type cytoplasm, the second one possesses m t ... | 1980 | 24305794 |