| necrotic enteritis-derived clostridium perfringens strain with three closely related independently conjugative toxin and antibiotic resistance plasmids. | the pathogenesis of avian necrotic enteritis involves netb, a pore-forming toxin produced by virulent avian isolates of clostridium perfringens type a. to determine the location and mobility of the netb structural gene, we examined a derivative of the tetracycline-resistant necrotic enteritis strain ehe-ne18, in which netb was insertionally inactivated by the chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol resistance gene catp. both tetracycline and thiamphenicol resistance could be transferred either togethe ... | 2011 | 21954306 |
| detection of enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens in meat samples by using molecular methods. | to prevent food-borne bacterial diseases and to trace bacterial contamination events to foods, microbial source tracking (mst) methods provide important epidemiological information. to apply molecular methods to mst, it is necessary not only to amplify bacterial cells to detection limit levels but also to prepare dna with reduced inhibitory compounds and contamination. isolates carrying the clostridium perfringens enterotoxin gene (cpe) on the chromosome or a plasmid rank among the most importan ... | 2011 | 21890671 |
| pervasive pneumatosis in a patient on immunosuppressive agents. | | 2011 | 21890774 |
| [analysis of regulatory system of toxin production by cell-cell signaling in clostridium perfringens]. | | 2011 | 21952351 |
| multidisciplinary treatment. a therapeutic option to treat calciphylaxis. | | 2011 | 21959736 |
| evidence that the agr-like quorum sensing system regulates the toxin production, cytotoxicity and pathogenicity of clostridium perfringens type c isolate cn3685. | clostridium perfringens possesses at least two functional quorum sensing (qs) systems, i.e. an agr-like system and a luxs-dependent ai-2 system. both of those qs systems can reportedly control in vitro toxin production by c. perfringens but their importance for virulence has not been evaluated. therefore, the current study assessed whether these qs systems might regulate the pathogenicity of cn3685, a c. perfringens type c strain. since type c isolates cause both haemorrhagic necrotic enteritis ... | 2012 | 22150719 |
| the conjugation protein tcpc from clostridium perfringens is structurally related to the type iv secretion system protein virb8 from gram-negative bacteria. | bacterial conjugation is important for the acquisition of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. we investigated the mechanism of conjugation in gram-positive pathogens using a model plasmid pcw3 from clostridium perfringens. pcw3 encodes tetracycline resistance and contains the tcp locus, which is essential for conjugation. we showed that the unique tcpc protein (359 amino acids, 41 kda) was required for efficient conjugative transfer, localized to the cell membrane independently of other c ... | 2011 | 22150951 |
| tailored ß-cyclodextrin blocks the translocation pores of binary exotoxins from c. botulinum and c. perfringens and protects cells from intoxication. | clostridium botulinum c2 toxin and clostridium perfringens iota toxin are binary exotoxins, which adp-ribosylate actin in the cytosol of mammalian cells and thereby destroy the cytoskeleton. c2 and iota toxin consists of two individual proteins, an enzymatic active (a-) component and a separate receptor binding and translocation (b-) component. the latter forms a complex with the a-component on the surface of target cells and after receptor-mediated endocytosis, it mediates the translocation of ... | 2011 | 21887348 |
| effects of feeding polydextrose on faecal characteristics, microbiota and fermentative end products in healthy adult dogs. | polydextrose is a potential prebiotic, but has not been well tested in dogs. thus, the objective of the present study was to determine the effects of polydextrose on faecal characteristics, microbial populations and fermentative end products in healthy adult dogs. a total of eight adult hound dogs (3·5 (sem 0·5) years; 20 (sem 0·5) kg) were randomly allotted to one of four test diets containing the following concentrations of polydextrose: (1) 0 % (control); (2) 0·5 %; (3) 1·0 %; or (4) 1·5 %. a ... | 2011 | 22085650 |
| antimicrobial activity of butyrate glycerides toward salmonella typhimurium and clostridium perfringens. | the antimicrobial activities of n-butyric acid and its derivatives against salmonella typhimurium and clostridium perfringens were studied. n-butyric acid and its derivatives (monobutyrin and a mixture of mono-, di-, and tri-glycerides of butyric acid) were added at different concentrations (ranging from 250 to 7,000 mg/kg to a media inoculated with either salmonella typhimurium or c. perfringens. the antimicrobial activity of butyric acid against c. perfringens was measured at 2 bacterium conce ... | 2011 | 21934003 |
| clostridium perfringens type c and clostridium difficile co-infection in foals. | clostridium perfringens type c is one of the most important agents of enteric disease in newborn foals. clostridium difficile is now recognized as an important cause of enterocolitis in horses of all ages. while infections by c. perfringens type c or c. difficile are frequently seen, we are not aware of any report describing combined infection by these two microorganisms in foals. we present here five cases of foal enterocolitis associated with c. difficile and c. perfringens type c infection. f ... | 2011 | 22177970 |
| microbiological characteristics of precooked, vacuum-packaged uncured beef and pork. | microbiological examination of 29 packages of precooked, vacuum-packaged beef and pork products purchased at local and regional supermarkets along with 110 packages of precooked, vacuum-packaged, sliced roast beef obtained from a major meat processor did not disclose the presence of escherichia coli, coagulase-positive staphylococcus aureus, clostridium perfringens or salmonella. the effects of storage temperature and length of storage on the microflora of 110 packages of sliced roast beef were ... | 1989 | 22056107 |
| effects of clostridium perfringens alpha and epsilon toxins in the bovine gut. | clostridium perfringens alpha and epsilon toxins produce enterotoxaemia in sheep and goats. however, the information regarding the pathophysiology of alpha and epsilon toxins in the bovine intestine is still scanty. in this study, intestinal loops were performed in the ileum and colon of three one-week-old holstein and two four-week-old crossbreed calves. laparotomy was performed in all calves under anaesthesia and four loops -three cm long- were performed in the small and large intestines. for ... | 2011 | 22178571 |
| effect of a bacteriocin produced by pediococcus acidilactici against listeria monocytogenes and clostridium perfringens on spanish raw meat. | the inhibitory effect of a bacteriocin, produced by pediococcus acidilactici, against listeria monocytogenes and clostridium perfringens on spanish raw meat surface, was evaluated by in situ assays. samples were incubated with the bacteriocin and then with a culture of the pathogenic bacteria. the treatment with 500, 1000 or 5000 bacteriocin units/ml (bu/ml) reduced the counts of l. monocytogenes after storage at 15°c during 72h by 1, 2 or 3 log cycles and with 1000 or 5000 bu/ml after storage a ... | 2006 | 22061374 |
| sialidases affect the host cell adherence and epsilon toxin-induced cytotoxicity of clostridium perfringens type d strain cn3718. | clostridium perfringens type b or d isolates, which cause enterotoxemias or enteritis in livestock, produce epsilon toxin (etx). etx is exceptionally potent, earning it a listing as a cdc class b select toxin. most c. perfringens strains also express up to three different sialidases, although the possible contributions of those enzymes to type b or d pathogenesis remain unclear. type d isolate cn3718 was found to carry two genes (nani and nanj) encoding secreted sialidases and one gene (nanh) en ... | 2011 | 22174687 |
| Necrotic enteritis due to simultaneous infection with Isospora suis and clostridia in newborn piglets and its prevention by early treatment with toltrazuril. | In this study, 51 piglets originating from five different sows were included in the investigations. The animal source of all sows had a history of Clostridium perfringens type A (ß2) infection. The piglets of three sows (n?=?31) were experimentally infected with Isospora suis within the first 4 h after birth and were randomly assigned to the treatment group or the sham-dosing group. The piglets of the two remaining sows (n?=?20) served as I. suis-uninfected controls. Twelve hours post-infection, ... | 2011 | 21968954 |
| Interactions between Clostridium perfringens spores and Raw 264.7 macrophages. | Clostridium perfringens is the causative agent of a variety of histotoxic infections in humans and animals. Studies on the early events of C. perfringens infections have been largely focused on the interactions between their vegetative cells and macrophages. Consequently, in the current study we have examined the interactions between C. perfringens spores and Raw 264.7 macrophages. Raw 264.7 cells were able to interact and phagocytose Clostridium perfringens spores of a food poisoning isolate, s ... | 2011 | 22209938 |
| case records of the massachusetts general hospital. case 35-2011: a 33-year-old woman with postpartum leukocytosis and gram-positive bacteremia. | | 2011 | 22087683 |
| Analysis of the germination of individual Clostridium perfringens spores and its heterogeneity. | To analyse the germination and its heterogeneity of individual spores of Clostridium perfringens. | 2011 | 21883730 |
| severe hemolytic crisis and multiorgan failure secondary to clostridium perfringens infection. | | 2011 | 21903298 |
| use of ?-irradiation to reduce clostridium perfringens on ready-to-eat bovine tripe. | the aim of this study was to determine the effect of gamma irradiation at a target dose of 9kgy and storage at 5 and 15°c on the safety of ready-to-eat (rte) tripe with respect to clostridium perfringens count (cc) and aerobic plate count (apc), and to determine the effect of boiling (1h) and irradiation (9kgy) on cl. perfringens atcc 13124 spore structure. irradiation significantly reduced apc stored at 5 and 15°c for 7 days. however, 0kgy control samples increased in their apc to >7log(10) cfu ... | 2008 | 22062270 |
| protein kinase cα inhibitor enhances the sensitivity of human pancreatic cancer hpac cells to clostridium perfringens enterotoxin via claudin-4. | protein kinase c (pkc) is overexpressed in cancer, including pancreatic cancer, compared with normal tissue. moreover, pkcα is considered one of the biomarkers for the diagnosis of cancers. in several human cancers, the claudin tight junction molecules are abnormally regulated and are thus promising molecular targets for diagnosis and therapy with clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe). in order to investigate the changes of tight junction functions of claudins via pkcα activation in pancreat ... | 2011 | 22160590 |
| tpel-producing strains of clostridium perfringens type a are highly virulent for broiler chicks. | clostridium perfringens type a and type c are causative agents of necrotic enteritis (ne) in poultry. tpel, a recently-described novel member of the family of large clostridial cytotoxins, was found in c. perfringens type c. others have since reported tpel in type a isolates from ne outbreaks, suggesting that it may contribute to the pathogenesis of ne. the virulence of tpel-positive and -negative c. perfringens strains from cases of ne was examined by challenge of broiler chicks. gross lesions ... | 2011 | 22019986 |
| recognition of greater diversity of bacillus species and related bacteria in human faeces. | in a study looking at culturable aerobic actinobacteria associated with the human gastrointestinal tract, the vast majority of isolates obtained from dried human faeces belonged to the genus bacillus and related bacteria. a total of 124 isolates were recovered from the faeces of 10 healthy adult donors. 16s rrna gene sequence analyses showed the majority belonged to the families bacillaceae (n=81) and paenibacillaceae (n=3), with bacillus species isolated from all donors. isolates tentatively id ... | 2011 | 22041546 |
| (1)h, (15)n and (13)c backbone and side-chain resonance assignments of a family 32 carbohydrate-binding module from the clostridium perfringens nagh. | the gram-positive anaerobe clostridium perfringens is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that secretes a battery of enzymes involved in glycan degradation. these glycoside hydrolases are thought to be involved in turnover of mucosal layer glycans, and in the spread of major toxins commonly associated with the development of gastrointestinal diseases and gas gangrene in humans. these enzymes employ multi-modularity and carbohydrate-binding function to degrade extracellular eukaryotic host sugars ... | 2011 | 21912839 |
| Hollow-fiber ultrafiltration for simultaneous recovery of viruses, bacteria and parasites from reclaimed water. | Hollow-fiber ultrafiltration (UF) is a technique that has been reported to be effective for recovering a diverse array of microbes from water, and may also be potentially useful for microbial monitoring of effluent from water reclamation facilities. However, few data are available to indicate the potential limitations and efficacy of the UF technique for treated wastewater. In this study, recovery efficiencies were determined for various options available for performing the tangential-flow UF te ... | 2012 | 22108496 |
| Antimicrobial properties of a chitosan dextran-based hydrogel for surgical use. | A chitosan dextran-based (CD) hydrogel, developed for use in endoscopic sinus surgery, was tested for antimicrobial activity in vitro against a range of pathogenic microorganisms. The microdilution technique was used to determine minimum inhibitory, minimum bactericidal, and minimum fungicidal concentrations. In addition, the time-kill efficacy of CD hydrogel was determined for two bacterial species. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were carried out to elucidate the antimicrobial me ... | 2012 | 22024824 |
| the application of an alanine-substituted mutant of the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin as a mucosal vaccine in mice. | efficient delivery of antigen to mucosal immune tissues is an essential part of mucosal vaccination. claudin-4 is expressed on the epithelial cells that cover the mucosal immune tissues. we previously found that claudin-4-targeting is a promising strategy for mucosal vaccination by using a claudin-4 binder, the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (c-cpe). substitution of asn and ser at positions 309 and 313, respectively, with alanine increased the affinity of c-cpe for cl ... | 2012 | 21983135 |
| epsilon-toxin production by clostridium perfringens type d strain cn3718 is dependent upon the agr operon but not the virs/virr two-component regulatory system. | clostridium perfringens type b and d strains cause enterotoxemias and enteritis in livestock after proliferating in the intestines and producing epsilon-toxin (etx), alpha-toxin (cpa), and, usually, perfringolysin o (pfo). although etx is one of the most potent bacterial toxins, the regulation of etx production by type b or d strains remains poorly understood. the present work determined that the type d strain cn3718 upregulates production of etx upon close contact with enterocyte-like caco-2 ce ... | 2011 | 22167225 |
| structural analysis of a bacterial exo-α-d-n-acetylglucosaminidase in complex with an unusual disaccharide found in class iii mucin. | cpgh89 is a family 89 glycoside hydrolase with exo-α-d-n-acetylglucosaminidase activity that is produced by the human and animal pathogen clostridium perfringens. this enzyme is active on the α-d-glcpnac-(1→4)-d-galp motif that is expressed on the class iii mucins within the gastric mucosa. other members of this enzyme family, such as human naglu, are active on heparan. a truncated version of cpgh89 was rendered inactive through mutation of two key catalytic residues, the protein crystallized an ... | 2011 | 22090394 |
| Enteropathogenic bacteria in dogs and cats: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment, and control. | This report offers a consensus opinion on the diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment, and control of the primary enteropathogenic bacteria in dogs and cats, with an emphasis on Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens, Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli associated with granulomatous colitis in Boxers. Veterinarians are challenged when attempting to diagnose animals with suspected bacterial-associated diarrhea because well-scrutinized practice guidelines that provide obje ... | 2011 | 22092607 |
| production of bacteriocin-like metabolites by lactic acid cultures isolated from sucuk samples. | a total of 51 sucuk samples, obtained from different regions of turkey, were examined for lactic acid bacteria (lab) strains producing putative bacteriocin-like metabolites. for detection of antagonistic activity, agar spot and well diffusion assay tests were used. lactobacillus sake lb790, listeria monocytogenes li6, staphylococcus aureus st44 and escherichia coli nrrl b-3704 were used as indicator organisms. strains having antimicrobial activity were also tested against clostridium perfringens ... | 2000 | 22060908 |
| evaluation in broilers of the probiotic properties of pichia pastoris and a recombinant p. pastoris containing the clostridium perfringens alpha toxin gene. | the probiotic properties of pichia pastoris and of a recombinant p. pastoris containing the clostridium perfringens alpha toxin gene were evaluated in broilers. one-day-old chicks randomly divided in four groups were fed with commercial feed devoid of antibacterials. the control group (1) received plain food, while the other groups were supplemented with either p. pastoris (2), the recombinant p. pastoris (3) or bacillus cereus var. toyoi (4). at day 49, live weights, feed efficiency and serocon ... | 2011 | 22176763 |
| Microbial community analysis and identification of alternative host-specific fecal indicators in fecal and river water samples using pyrosequencing. | It is important to know the comprehensive microbial communities of fecal pollution sources and receiving water bodies for microbial source tracking. Pyrosequencing targeting the V1-V3 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene was used to investigate the characteristics of bacterial and Bacteroidales communities in major fecal sources and river waters. Diversity analysis indicated that cow feces had the highest diversities in the bacterial and Bacteroidales group followed by the pig sample, with ... | 2011 | 21887641 |
| modulation of bacterial translocation in mice mediated through lactose and human milk oligosaccharides. | massive resection of the small intestine in infants is imposed to the regulation of several intestinal pathological situations, as intestinal adaptation cannot be relied upon. many nutritional disturbances are occurring following surgery procedure. in this vein, long-term parenteral feeding is adopt to improve prognosis not always successfully. clostridia and more specifically clostridium perfringens, are suspected to participate in the physiopathology of the rising situation. in order to invest ... | 2011 | 21939778 |
| Potent inhibition of bacterial neuraminidase activity by pterocarpans isolated from the roots of Lespedeza bicolor. | Bacterial neuraminidase has been highlighted as a key enzyme for pathogenic infection and sepsis. Six pterocarpans displaying significant levels of neuraminidase inhibitory activity were isolated from the root bark of Lespedeza bicolor. The isolated compounds were identified as three new pterocarpans (1-3) together with known compounds erythrabyssin II (4), lespebuergine G4 (5), and 1-methoxyerythrabyssin II (6). The new compounds were characterized as bicolosin A (1), bicolosin B (2), and bicol ... | 2011 | 21911291 |
| Antibacterial activity of different degree of hydrolysis of palm kernel expeller peptides against spore-forming and non-spore-forming bacteria. | The goal of this study was to determine inhibitory effect of palm kernel expeller (PKE) peptides of different degree of hydrolysis (DH %) against spore-forming bacteria Bacillus cereus, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus stearothermophillus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Clostridium perfringens; and non-spore-forming bacteria Escherichia coli, Lisinibacillus sphaericus, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas a ... | 2011 | 21848644 |
| gynecologic clostridial toxic shock in women of reproductive age. | clostridial toxic shock, caused by clostridium sordellii or clostridium perfringens, is a rare and largely fatal syndrome among reproductive-aged women with genital tract infection, and may occur following various pregnancy outcomes or without pregnancy. clinicians should be aware of common clinical features of this very rapidly-progressing syndrome including abdominal pain, tachycardia, hypotension, third-space fluid accumulations, hemoconcentration, and marked leukemoid response, often with la ... | 2011 | 21882086 |
| Development and characterization of a xylose-inducible gene expression system for Clostridium perfringens. | A xylose-inducible gene expression vector for Clostridium perfringens was developed. Plasmid pXCH contains a chromosomal region from Clostridium difficile (xylR-P(xy)(lB)): xylR, encoding the xylose repressor, xylO, the xyl operator sequence, and P(xylB), the divergent promoter upstream of xylBA encoding xylulo kinase and xylose isomerase. pXCH allows tightly regulated expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter and the a-toxin genes in response to the inducer concentration. Thu ... | 2011 | 21965407 |
| specificity of interaction between clostridium perfringens enterotoxin and claudin-family tight junction proteins. | clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe), a major cause of food poisoning, forms physical pores in the plasma membrane of intestinal epithelial cells. the ability of cpe to recognize the epithelium is due to the c-terminal binding domain, which binds to a specific motif on the second extracellular loop of tight junction proteins known as claudins. the interaction between claudins and cpe plays a key role in mediating cpe toxicity by facilitating pore formation and by promoting tight junction di ... | 2010 | 22069652 |
| on the interaction of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin with claudins. | clostridium perfringens causes one of the most common foodborne illnesses, which is largely mediated by the clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe). the toxin consists of two functional domains. the n-terminal region mediates the cytotoxic effect through pore formation in the plasma membrane of the mammalian host cell. the c-terminal region (ccpe) binds to the second extracellular loop of a subset of claudins. claudin-3 and claudin-4 have been shown to be receptors for cpe with very high affin ... | 2010 | 22069641 |
| inhibitory effects of nisin against clostridium perfringens food poisoning and nonfood-borne isolates. | the enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens type a is the causative agent of c. perfringens type a food poisoning (fp) and nonfood-borne (nfb) human gastrointestinal diseases. due to its ability to form highly resistant endospores, it has become a great concern to the meat industry to produce meat free of c. perfringens. in this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial effect of nisin against c. perfringens fp and nfb isolates. no inhibitory effect of nisin was observed against germination of spore ... | 2011 | 22132724 |
| identification of the cellular receptor of clostridium spiroforme toxin. | clostridium spiroforme produces the binary actin-adp-ribosylating toxin cst (c. spiroforme toxin), which has been proposed to be responsible for diarrhea, enterocolitis and, eventually, death especially in rabbits. here, we report on the recombinant production of the enzyme component (csta) and the binding component (cstb) of c. spiroforme toxin in bacillus megaterium. by using the recombinant toxin components we show that cst enters target cells via the lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor ... | 2012 | 22252869 |
| modeling of clostridium perfringens vegetative cell inactivation in beef-in-sauce products: a meta-analysis using mixed linear models. | the aim of the present study was to predict clostridium perfringens vegetative cell inactivation during the final reheating step of two beef-in-sauce products prepared and distributed in a french hospital for exposure in risk assessment. in order to account for variability according to experts and international organization recommendations, published data were used to estimate the thermal inactivation parameters of a probabilistic model. mixed effects models were proposed to describe variability ... | 2011 | 22236760 |
| characterization of the high affinity binding of epsilon toxin from clostridium perfringens to the renal system. | epsilon toxin (ɛ-toxin), produced by clostridium perfringens types b and d, causes fatal enterotoxaemia in livestock. in the renal system, the toxin binds to target cells before oligomerization, pore formation and cell death. still, there is little information about the cellular and molecular mechanism involved in the initial steps of the cytotoxic action of ɛ-toxin, including the specific binding to the target sensitive cells. in the present report, the binding step of ɛ-toxin to the mdck cell ... | 2012 | 22264388 |
| induction of strong anti-hiv cellular immunity by a combination of clostridium perfringens expressing hiv gag and virus like particles. | the lower gastrointestinal tract is a major mucosal site of hiv entry and initial infection. thus, the induction of strong cellular immune responses at this mucosal site will be an important feature of an effective hiv vaccine. we have used a novel prime-boost vaccination approach to induce immune responses at mucosal sites. orally delivered recombinant clostridium perfringens expressing hiv-1 gag (cp-gag) was evaluated for induction of hiv-1 gag specific t cell responses in a prime-boost model ... | 2011 | 22211658 |
| comparison of methods for the enumeration of clostridium perfringens spores in water. | four methods for enumerating clostridium perfringens spores in water were evaluated: (1) the imm (iron milk medium) method (mpn); (2) the ls (lactose sulfite broth) method (mpn); (3) the m-cp (membrane filtration clostridium perfringens agar) method (membrane filtration); and (4) the tsc (tryptose sulfite cycloserine agar) method (membrane filtration). the performance of these methods was compared with that of the drcm (differential reinforced clostridium medium) method (mpn) as adopted by cetes ... | 2012 | 22233899 |
| microbiological analysis of stuffed mussels sold in the streets. | stuffed mussel is a traditional food that sold by street venders in various countries. in the present study, samples of stuffed mussels were collected from various places in ankara. the mussels were analyzed to show the microbiological risks for human health. thirty samples (600 stuffed mussels in total) were collected periodically and microbiological analyses were performed by standard procedures for bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, salmonella sp., clostridium sp. in te ... | 2011 | 22754015 |
| expression and characterization of an endo-1,4-β-galactanase from emericella nidulans in pichia pastoris for enzymatic design of potentially prebiotic oligosaccharides from potato galactans. | potato pulp is a high-volume side-stream from industrial potato starch manufacturing. enzymatically solubilized β-1,4-galactan-rich potato pulp polysaccharides of molecular weights >100 kda (sppp) are highly bifidogenic in human fecal sample fermentations in vitro. the objective of the present study was to use potato β-1,4-galactan and the sppp as substrates for enzymatic production of potentially prebiotic compounds of lower and narrower molecular weight. a novel endo-1,4-β-galactanase from eme ... | 2011 | 22226198 |
| determination of microbial quality and plasmid-mediated multidrug resistant bacteria in fountain drinking water sources in turkey. | the bacterial contamination as the total aerobic bacteria, coliform and fecal coliform numbers were determined and analyzed for temperature, ph, conductivity and dissolved oxygen in seasonally collected water samples from fifteen different stations placed in adana-tufanbeyli road line during march 2008 - january 2009. in addition, antibiotic resistance profiles of isolates were examined against frequently used antibiotics, and analyzed plasmid dnaof multiple antibiotic resistant (mar) isolates. ... | 2012 | 23741812 |
| review of antimicrobial therapy of selected bacterial diseases in broiler chickens in canada. | this paper reviews common therapeutic applications of antimicrobials in broiler chicken production in relation to canadian guidelines, surveillance data, and emerging public health concerns about antimicrobial use (amu). escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens, and staphylococcus spp., were reviewed because of their animal health and economic significance. enterococcus cecorum and salmonella were included because of their importance in antimicrobial resistance (amr) surveillance. this review i ... | 2012 | 23729827 |
| genome-wide differential gene expression profiles in broiler chickens with gangrenous dermatitis. | gangrenous dermatitis (gd) is a disease of poultry characterized by necrosis of the skin and severe cellulitis of the subcutaneous tissues caused by infection with clostridium septicum (cs) and/or clostridium perfringens (cp) type a. while gd causes significant morbidity, mortality, and economic loss to the poultry industry, the fundamental mechanisms underlying this host-pathogen interaction are relatively unknown. this study used comparative global gene expression microarray analysis of gd-aff ... | 2012 | 23397837 |
| longitudinal analyses of gut mucosal microbiotas in ulcerative colitis in relation to patient age and disease severity and duration. | bacteria belonging to the normal colonic microbiota are associated with the etiology of ulcerative colitis (uc). although several mucosal species have been implicated in the disease process, the organisms and mechanisms involved are unknown. the aim of this investigation was to characterize mucosal biofilm communities over time and to determine the relationship of these bacteria to patient age and disease severity and duration. multiple rectal biopsy specimens were taken from 33 patients with ac ... | 2012 | 23269735 |
| pork implicated in a shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157:h7 outbreak in ontario, canada. | to describe an outbreak of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o157:h7 infection following a four-day family gathering in ontario. this is the first published account of a stec o157 outbreak in canada linked to consumption of pork. | 2012 | 23617981 |
| toxin-associated and other genes in clostridium perfringens type a isolates from bovine clostridial abomasitis (bca) and jejunal hemorrhage syndrome (jhs). | this study examined known or possible virulence-associated genes in type a clostridium perfringens from cases of both bovine clostridial abomasitis (bca) and jejunal hemorrhage syndrome (jhs) and compared these to isolates from calves that were healthy or had undifferentiated diarrheal illness. a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was used to genotype the 218 c. perfringens isolates. isolates were sourced from healthy and diarrheic young and mature cattle (n = 191), from calves with ... | 2012 | 23543949 |
| prevalence of clostridium perfringens type a isolates in commercial broiler chickens and parent broiler breeder hens in egypt. | the aim of this study was to determine the presence of genes coding for alpha (cpalpha), beta (cpbeta), epsilon (epsilontx), iota (iotaa), enterotoxin (cpepsilon) and beta2 (cpbeta2) toxins in clostridium perfringens isolates from broiler chickens and parent broiler breeder hens, using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay. the prevalence of c. perfringens in the intestinal segments and the effects of age were also investigated. the highest isolation rate was from the duodenum, at 41.7 ... | 2012 | 23520746 |
| bacillus anthracis inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase in action: the first bacterial series of structures of phosphate ion-, substrate-, and product-bound complexes. | inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (impdh) catalyzes the first unique step of the gmp branch of the purine nucleotide biosynthetic pathway. this enzyme is found in organisms of all three kingdoms. impdh inhibitors have broad clinical applications in cancer treatment, as antiviral drugs and as immunosuppressants, and have also displayed antibiotic activity. we have determined three crystal structures of bacillus anthracis impdh, in a phosphate ion-bound (termed "apo") form and in complex with ... | 2012 | 22788966 |
| cloning, purification and characterization of the collagenase cola expressed by bacillus cereus atcc 14579. | bacterial collagenases differ considerably in their structure and functions. the collagenases colh and colg from clostridium histolyticum and cola expressed by clostridium perfringens are well-characterized collagenases that cleave triple-helical collagen, which were therefore termed as ´true´ collagenases. cola from bacillus cereus (b. cereus) has been added to the collection of true collagenases. however, the molecular characteristics of b. cereus cola are less understood. in this study, we id ... | 2016 | 27588686 |
| molecular characterization of podoviral bacteriophages virulent for clostridium perfringens and their comparison with members of the picovirinae. | clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobic bacterium responsible for human food-borne disease as well as non-food-borne human, animal and poultry diseases. because bacteriophages or their gene products could be applied to control bacterial diseases in a species-specific manner, they are potential important alternatives to antibiotics. consequently, poultry intestinal material, soil, sewage and poultry processing drainage water were screened for virulent bacteriophages th ... | 2012 | 22666499 |
| multiplex detection of nine food-borne pathogens by mpcr and capillary electrophoresis after using a universal pre-enrichment medium. | routine microbiological quality analyses in food samples require, in some cases, an initial incubation in pre-enrichment medium. this is necessary in order to ensure that small amounts of pathogenic strains are going to be detected. in this work, a universal pre-enrichment medium has been developed for the simultaneous growth of bacillus cereus, campylobacter jejuni, clostridium perfringens, cronobacter sakazakii, escherichia coli, enterobacteriaceae family (38 species, 27 genera), listeria mono ... | 2015 | 26579100 |
| use of essential oils and extracts from spices in meat protection. | the hydro distillation method was used in this study to get essential oils (eos) from cumin (cuminum cyminum l.), clove (eugenia caryohyllata) and elecampane (inula helenium l.) and the co-hydro distillation method (addition of fatty acid ethyl esters as extraction cosolvents) to get functional extracts (efs). the mic (minimum inhibitory concentration) and the mbc (minimum bactericidal concentration) were determined on five pathogenic strains (escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, listeria monoc ... | 2011 | 24803704 |
| dietary nisin modulates the gastrointestinal microbial ecology and enhances growth performance of the broiler chickens. | due to antimicrobial properties, nisin is one of the most commonly used and investigated bacteriocins for food preservation. surprisingly, nisin has had limited use in animal feed as well as there are only few reports on its influence on microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract (git). the present study therefore aimed at investigating effects of dietary nisin on broiler chicken git microbial ecology and performance in comparison to salinomycin, the widely used ionophore coccidiostat. in t ... | 2013 | 24376878 |
| nationwide surveillance for pathogenic microorganisms in groundwater near carcass burials constructed in south korea in 2010. | widespread outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease and avian influenza occurred in south korea during 2010. in response to the culling of many animals to attenuate the spread of disease, south korea used mass burial sites to dispose of the large number of carcasses; consequently, concerns about groundwater contamination by leachate from these burial sites are increasing. groundwater is one of the main sources of drinking water, and its cleanliness is directly related to public health. thus, this stu ... | 2013 | 24351737 |
| effect of bacillus subtilis-based direct-fed microbials on immune status in broiler chickens raised on fresh or used litter. | type of dietary direct-fed microbials (dfms) or poultry litter could directly influence the composition of gut microbiota. gut microbiota plays an important role in shaping the developing immune system and maintaining the homeostasis of the mature immune system in mammal and chickens. the present study was carried out to investigate the interaction among litter, dfms and immunity in broiler chickens exposed to a field-simulated environment. immune status of broiler chickens was assessed by serum ... | 2013 | 25049746 |
| a sequential statistical approach towards an optimized production of a broad spectrum bacteriocin substance from a soil bacterium bacillus sp. yas 1 strain. | bacteriocins, ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides, display potential applications in agriculture, medicine, and industry. the present study highlights integral statistical optimization and partial characterization of a bacteriocin substance from a soil bacterium taxonomically affiliated as bacillus sp. yas 1 after biochemical and molecular identifications. a sequential statistical approach (plackett-burman and box-behnken) was employed to optimize bacteriocin (bac yas 1) production. u ... | 2014 | 25614886 |
| investigation on antibacterial and antioxidant activities, phenolic and flavonoid contents of some thai edible plants as an alternative for antibiotics. | this study was aimed to examine the antibacterial and antioxidative properties of seven edible plants from thailand to develop alternative antibiotics as feed additives. the plants include citrus aurantifolia swingle (lime) fruits and its leaves, sesbania grandiflora l. (agati sesbania) leaves, piper sarmentosum roxb (wild betal) leaves, curcuma domestica valeton (turmeric) roots, morinda citrifolia l. (beach mulberry) leaves, cassia siamea britt (siamea cassia) leaves, and cocos nucifera l. (co ... | 2014 | 25178298 |
| identification of glutamate abc-transporter component in clostridium perfringens as a putative drug target. | clostridium perfringens is an anaerobic pathogen known to cause vast number of diseases in mammals and birds. various toxins and hydrolysing enzymes released by the organism are responsible for the necrosis of soft tissues. due to serious safety issues associated with current vaccines against c. perfringens, there is a need for new drug or vaccine targets. c. perfringens is extremely dependent on its host for nutrition which can be targeted for vaccine development or drug design. therefore, it i ... | 2014 | 25187678 |
| genotyping of clostridium perfringens isolated from healthy and diseased ostriches (struthio camelus). | clostridium perfringens is more prevalent type of clostridia genus isolated from the intestinal tract of ostrich (struthio camelus). necrotic enteritis (ne) is a potentially fatal gastrointestinal (gi) disease of poultry and other avian species, which produces marked destruction of intestinal lining in digestive tract caused by c. perfringens. pathogenicity and lesions are correlated with the toxins produced, thus toxin typing of the bacterium has diagnostic and epidemiological significance. the ... | 2014 | 25954489 |
| clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin binds to membrane lipids and its cytotoxic action depends on sulfatide. | epsilon toxin (etx) is one of the major lethal toxins produced by clostridium perfringens types b and d, being the causal agent of fatal enterotoxemia in animals, mainly sheep and goats. etx is synthesized as a non-active prototoxin form (proetx) that becomes active upon proteolytic activation. etx exhibits a cytotoxic effect through the formation of a pore in the plasma membrane of selected cell targets where etx specifically binds due to the presence of specific receptors. however, the identit ... | 2015 | 26452234 |
| blurred lines: pathogens, commensals, and the healthy gut. | | 2015 | 26664968 |
| a novel cofactor-binding mode in bacterial imp dehydrogenases explains inhibitor selectivity. | the steadily rising frequency of emerging diseases and antibiotic resistance creates an urgent need for new drugs and targets. inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (imp dehydrogenase or impdh) is a promising target for the development of new antimicrobial agents. impdh catalyzes the oxidation of imp to xmp with the concomitant reduction of nad(+), which is the pivotal step in the biosynthesis of guanine nucleotides. potent inhibitors of bacterial impdhs have been identified that bind in a stru ... | 2015 | 25572472 |
| use of plant extracts as an effective manner to control clostridium perfringens induced necrotic enteritis in poultry. | necrotic enteritis (ne) is an important concern in poultry industry since it causes economic losses, increased mortality, reduction of bird welfare, and contamination of chicken products for human consumption. for decades, the use of in-feed antimicrobial growth promoters (agps) has been the main strategy to control intestinal pathogens including clostridium perfringens (cp), the causative agent of ne. however, the use of agps in animal diet has been linked to the emergence and transmission of a ... | 2016 | 27747227 |
| the probiotic butyricicoccus pullicaecorum reduces feed conversion and protects from potentially harmful intestinal microorganisms and necrotic enteritis in broilers. | probiotics which do not result in the development and spread of microbial resistance are among the candidate replacements for antibiotics previously used as growth promotors. in this study the effect of in-feed supplementation of the butyrate producing butyricicoccus pullicaecorum strain 25-3(t) on performance, intestinal microbiota and prevention of necrotic enteritis (ne), a disease caused by clostridium perfringens was evaluated in broilers. for the performance study, day old ross 308 chicks ... | 2016 | 27708624 |
| comparative transcriptome analysis by rnaseq of necrotic enteritis clostridium perfringens during in vivo colonization and in vitro conditions. | necrotic enteritis (ne) caused by netb-positive type a clostridium perfringens is an important bacterial disease of poultry. through its complex regulatory system, c. perfringens orchestrates the expression of a collection of toxins and extracellular enzymes that are crucial for the development of the disease; environmental conditions play an important role in their regulation. in this study, and for the first time, global transcriptomic analysis was performed on ligated intestinal loops in chic ... | 2016 | 27520106 |
| clostridium difficile mazf toxin exhibits selective, not global, mrna cleavage. | clostridium difficile is an important, emerging nosocomial pathogen. the transition from harmless colonization to disease is typically preceded by antimicrobial therapy, which alters the balance of the intestinal flora, enabling c. difficile to proliferate in the colon. one of the most perplexing aspects of the c. difficile infectious cycle is its ability to survive antimicrobial therapy and transition from inert colonization to active infection. toxin-antitoxin (ta) systems have been implicated ... | 2012 | 22544268 |
| mechanisms of antibacterial action of quinoxaline 1,4-di-n-oxides against clostridium perfringens and brachyspira hyodysenteriae. | quinoxaline 1,4-di-n-oxides (qdnos) are a class of bioreductive compounds, however, their antibacterial mechanisms are still unclarified. the aim of this study was to assess the ability of two representative qdno drugs, cyadox (cya) and olaquindox (ola), to produce reactive oxide species (ros) in gram-positive anaerobe clostridium perfringens cvcc1125 and gram-negative anaerobe brachyspira hyodysenteriae b204. in addition, the effects of qdnos on the integrity of bacterial cell walls and membran ... | 2016 | 28018297 |
| dna sequence signatures for rapid detection of six target bacterial pathogens using pcr assays. | using streptococcus pyogenes as a model, we previously established a stepwise computational workflow to effectively identify species-specific dna signatures that could be used as pcr primer sets to detect target bacteria with high specificity and sensitivity. in this study, we extended the workflow for the rapid development of pcr assays targeting enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, clostridium perfringens, clostridium difficile, clostridium tetani, and staphylococcus aureus, which are ... | 2015 | 26279626 |
| ancient bacteria of the ötzi's microbiome: a genomic tale from the copper age. | ancient microbiota information represents an important resource to evaluate bacterial evolution and to explore the biological spread of infectious diseases in history. the soft tissue of frozen mummified humans, such as the tyrolean iceman, has been shown to contain bacterial dna that is suitable for population profiling of the prehistoric bacteria that colonized such ancient human hosts. | 2017 | 28095919 |
| characterization of genes encoding for acquired bacitracin resistance in clostridium perfringens. | phenotypic bacitracin resistance has been reported in clostridium perfringens. however, the genes responsible for the resistance have not yet been characterized. ninety-nine c. perfringens isolates recovered from broilers and turkeys were tested for phenotypic bacitracin resistance. bacitracin mic(90) (>256 µg/ml) was identical for both turkey and chicken isolates; whereas mic(50) was higher in turkey isolates (6 µg/ml) than in chicken isolates (3 µg/ml). twenty-four of the 99 isolates showed hi ... | 2012 | 22970221 |
| functional analysis of a bacitracin resistance determinant located on icecp1, a novel tn916-like element from a conjugative plasmid in clostridium perfringens. | bacitracins are mixtures of structurally related cyclic polypeptides with antibiotic properties. they act by interfering with the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall. in this study, we analyzed an avian necrotic enteritis strain of clostridium perfringens that was resistant to bacitracin and produced netb toxin. we identified a bacitracin resistance locus that resembled a bacitracin resistance determinant from enterococcus faecalis. it contained the structural genes bcrabd and a putative reg ... | 2015 | 26282424 |
| further characterization of cys-type and ser-type anaerobic sulfatase maturating enzymes suggests a commonality in the mechanism of catalysis. | the anaerobic sulfatase-maturating enzyme from clostridium perfringens (ansmecpe) catalyzes the two-electron oxidation of a cysteinyl residue on a cognate protein to a formylglycyl residue (fgly) using a mechanism that involves organic radicals. the fgly residue plays a unique role as a cofactor in a class of enzymes termed arylsulfatases, which catalyze the hydrolysis of various organosulfate monoesters. ansmecpe has been shown to be a member of the radical s-adenosylmethionine (sam) family of ... | 2013 | 23477283 |
| alanyl-phosphatidylglycerol and lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol are translocated by the same mprf flippases and have similar capacities to protect against the antibiotic daptomycin in staphylococcus aureus. | the lysinylation of negatively charged phosphatidylglycerol by mprf proteins reduces the affinity of cationic antimicrobial peptides (camps) for bacterial cytoplasmic membranes and reduces the susceptibility of several gram-positive bacterial pathogens to camps. mprf of staphylococcus aureus encompasses a lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol (lys-pg) synthase and a lys-pg flippase domain. in contrast, clostridium perfringens encodes two mprf homologs which specifically synthesize alanyl-phosphatidylglycer ... | 2012 | 22491694 |
| a sporulation factor is involved in the morphological change of clostridium perfringens biofilms in response to temperature. | biofilm formation has been associated with bacterial pathogenesis, such as nosocomial and chronic infections, as the resistance of biofilms to environmental stresses has increased. clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive spore-forming anaerobic pathogen. this organism survives antibiotic treatment through the formation of biofilms or spores, but the environmental and regulatory factors involved in the biofilm formation remain unclear. here, we observed that temperature regulates c. perfringen ... | 2014 | 24509316 |
| in vitro activity of gepotidacin, a novel triazaacenaphthylene bacterial topoisomerase inhibitor, against a broad spectrum of bacterial pathogens. | gepotidacin inhibits bacterial dna replication through a mode different from that of fluoroquinolones. gepotidacin and comparators were tested by broth and agar dilution against clinical isolates. the in vitro activities of gepotidacin were comparable against methicillin-susceptible and -resistant staphylococcus aureus (mssa and mrsa, respectively) isolates (mic90, 0.5 μg/ml). the gepotidacin mic90s were as follows (in micrograms per milliliter) for the indicated bacteria: streptococcus pyogenes ... | 2016 | 26729499 |
| rapid, simultaneous detection of clostridium sordellii and clostridium perfringens in archived tissues by a novel pcr-based microsphere assay: diagnostic implications for pregnancy-associated toxic shock syndrome cases. | clostridium sordellii and clostridium perfringens are infrequent human pathogens; however, the case-fatality rates for the infections are very high, particularly in obstetric c. sordellii infections (>90%). deaths from clostridium sordellii and clostridium perfringens toxic shock (cts) are sudden, and diagnosis is often challenging. formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (ffpe) tissues usually are the only specimens available for sudden fatal cases, and immunohistochemistry (ihc) for clostridia is ge ... | 2012 | 22536012 |
| biochemistry and physiology of the β class carbonic anhydrase (cpb) from clostridium perfringens strain 13. | the carbonic anhydrase (cpb) from clostridium perfringens strain 13, the only carbonic anhydrase encoded in the genome, was characterized both biochemically and physiologically. heterologously produced and purified cpb was shown to belong to the type i subclass of the β class, the first β class enzyme investigated from a strictly anaerobic species of the domain bacteria. kinetic analyses revealed a two-step, ping-pong, zinc-hydroxide mechanism of catalysis with km and kcat/km values of 3.1 mm co ... | 2013 | 23475974 |
| biofilm formation of clostridium perfringens and its exposure to low-dose antimicrobials. | clostridium perfringens is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause food poisoning in humans and various enterotoxemia in animal species. very little is known on the biofilm of c. perfringens and its exposure to subminimal inhibitory concentrations of antimicrobials. this study was undertaken to address these issues. most of the c. perfringens human and animal isolates tested in this study were able to form biofilm (230/277). porcine clinical isolates formed significantly more biofilm than the p ... | 2014 | 24795711 |
| the 2.5 å structure of the enterococcus conjugation protein tram resembles virb8 type iv secretion proteins. | conjugative plasmid transfer is the most important means of spreading antibiotic resistance and virulence genes among bacteria and therefore presents a serious threat to human health. the process requires direct cell-cell contact made possible by a multiprotein complex that spans cellular membranes and serves as a channel for macromolecular secretion. thus far, well studied conjugative type iv secretion systems (t4ss) are of gram-negative (g-) origin. although many medically relevant pathogens ( ... | 2012 | 23188825 |
| clostridium and bacillus binary enterotoxins: bad for the bowels, and eukaryotic being. | some pathogenic spore-forming bacilli employ a binary protein mechanism for intoxicating the intestinal tracts of insects, animals, and humans. these gram-positive bacteria and their toxins include clostridium botulinum (c2 toxin), clostridium difficile (c. difficile toxin or cdt), clostridium perfringens (ι-toxin and binary enterotoxin, or bec), clostridium spiroforme (c. spiroforme toxin or cst), as well as bacillus cereus (vegetative insecticidal protein or vip). these gut-acting proteins for ... | 2014 | 25198129 |
| detection of clostridium perfringens alpha toxin gene in lambs by loop mediated isothermal amplification. | the loop mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) was standardized for rapid detection of clostridium perfringens. | 2016 | 27051186 |
| antimicrobial therapy of selected diseases in turkeys, laying hens, and minor poultry species in canada. | this paper identifies common poultry diseases requiring antimicrobial therapy, antimicrobials deemed efficacious to treat these diseases, and antimicrobial resistance (amr) in these commodity-pathogen combinations, and describes current residue issues and minor use minor species (mums) guidelines. veterinarians with turkey/layer expertise and diagnosticians were surveyed to determine the bacterial and protozoal diseases diagnosed in the last 5 years. avian pathogenic escherichia coli, staphyloco ... | 2013 | 24179239 |
| the effect of experimental fusarium mycotoxicosis on microbiota diversity in porcine ascending colon contents. | the objective of the study was to determine the effect of exposure of pigs to the fusarium mycotoxins zearalenone (zen) and deoxynivalenol (don), administered together and separately, on the colon microbiota. an experiment was conducted for 42 days on gilts, randomly assigned to four groups and administered either zen, don, zen+don, or a placebo. the number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeasts, molds, anaerobic clostridium perfringens, fecal streptococci, enterobacteriaceae, escherichia coli, ... | 2014 | 25025709 |
| enteric pathogens and coinfections in foals with and without diarrhea. | diarrhea is a major clinical problem affecting foals up to 3 months of age. the aim of this study was to identify enteric microorganisms involved in monoinfections and coinfections and the associated virulence factors in healthy and diarrheic foals. diarrheic (d) (n = 56) and nondiarrheic (nd) foals (n = 60) up to three months of age were studied. fecal samples were analyzed for identification of infectious agents (microbiological culturing, molecular techniques, and microscopic analyses). esche ... | 2016 | 28116290 |
| opportunistic infection of aspergillus and bacteria in captive cape vultures (gyps coprotheres). | to describe clinical signs, pathology, diagnosis and treatment of cape vultures in which aspergillus fumigatus (a. fumigatus) and mixed species of bacteria were isolated. | 2013 | 23646305 |
| dysbiosis anticipating necrotizing enterocolitis in very premature infants. | necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) is a devastating inflammatory bowel disease of premature infants speculatively associated with infection. suspected nec can be indistinguishable from sepsis, and in established cases an infant may die within hours of diagnosis. present treatment is supportive. a means of presymptomatic diagnosis is urgently needed. we aimed to identify microbial signatures in the gastrointestinal microbiota preceding nec diagnosis in premature infants. | 2014 | 25344536 |
| structural and functional characterization of the clostridium perfringens n-acetylmannosamine-6-phosphate 2-epimerase essential for the sialic acid salvage pathway. | pathogenic bacteria are endowed with an arsenal of specialized enzymes to convert nutrient compounds from their cell hosts. the essential n-acetylmannosamine-6-phosphate 2-epimerase (nane) belongs to a convergent glycolytic pathway for utilization of the three amino sugars, glcnac, mannac, and sialic acid. the crystal structure of ligand-free nane from clostridium perfringens reveals a modified triose-phosphate isomerase (β/α)8 barrel in which a stable dimer is formed by exchanging the c-termina ... | 2014 | 25320079 |
| characterization of clostridium perfringens tpel toxin gene carriage, production, cytotoxic contributions, and trypsin sensitivity. | large clostridial toxins (lcts) are produced by at least four pathogenic clostridial species, and several lcts are proven pivotal virulence factors for both human and veterinary diseases. tpel is a recently identified lct produced by clostridium perfringens that has received relatively limited study. in response, the current study surveyed carriage of the tpel gene among different c. perfringens strains, detecting this toxin gene in some type a, b, and c strains but not in any type d or e strain ... | 2015 | 25824828 |
| diet is a major factor governing the fecal butyrate-producing community structure across mammalia, aves and reptilia. | butyrate-producing bacteria have an important role in maintaining host health. they are well studied in human and medically associated animal models; however, much less is known for other vertebrata. we investigated the butyrate-producing community in hindgut-fermenting mammalia (n = 38), aves (n = 8) and reptilia (n = 8) using a gene-targeted pyrosequencing approach of the terminal genes of the main butyrate-synthesis pathways, namely butyryl-coa:acetate coa-transferase (but) and butyrate kinas ... | 2015 | 25343515 |
| clostridium perfringens is not suitable for the indication of fecal pollution from ruminant wildlife but is associated with excreta from nonherbivorous animals and human sewage. | during a 3-year study, clostridium perfringens was investigated in defined fecal sources from a temperate alluvial backwater area of a large river system. the results reveal that using c. perfringens as a conservative water quality indicator for total fecal pollution monitoring is no longer justified but suggest that it can be used as a tracer for excreta from nonherbivorous wildlife and human sewage. | 2013 | 23747707 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of thymol and carvacrol and their effects on broiler chickens challenged with clostridium perfringens. | in the post-antibiotic era, essential oils (eo) are promising alternatives to growth-promoting antibiotics. the aim of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial activities of an eo product and its components thymol and carvacrol in vitro, and the efficacy of eo to control clostridium perfringens challenge in broiler chickens. | 2015 | 26705471 |