| campylobacter jejuni survival within human epithelial cells is enhanced by the secreted protein ciai. | although it is known that campylobacter jejuni invade the cells that line the human intestinal tract, the bacterial proteins that enable this pathogen to survive within campylobacter-containing vacuoles (ccv) have not been identified. here, we describe the identification and characterization of a protein that we termed ciai for campylobacter invasion antigen involved in intracellular survival. we show that ciai harbours an amino-terminal type iii secretion sequence and is secreted from c. jejuni ... | 2011 | 21435039 |
| emerging thermotolerant campylobacter species in healthy ruminants and swine. | campylobacters other than campylobacter jejuni or c. coli were isolated in 35% of 343 farms recently analyzed in northern spain. this study was aimed at identifying at the species level the 120 isolates collected (21 ovine, 52 beef cattle, 44 dairy cattle, and 3 porcine) by species-specific polymerase chain reaction and 16s rrna gene sequencing analysis. thus, five species were identified: campylobacter hyointestinalis (90 isolates), campylobacter lanienae (12), campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus ... | 2011 | 21438765 |
| bacteriophage-mediated dispersal of campylobacter jejuni biofilms. | bacteria in their natural environments frequently exist as mixed surface-associated communities, protected by extracellular material, termed biofilms. biofilms formed by the human pathogen campylobacter jejuni may arise in the gastrointestinal tract of animals but also in water pipes and other industrial situations, leading to their possible transmission into the human food chain either directly or via farm animals. bacteriophages are natural predators of bacteria that usually kill their prey by ... | 2011 | 21441325 |
| structural properties of 2/2 hemoglobins: the group iii protein from helicobacter hepaticus. | the e-proteobacterium helicobacter hepaticus (hh) contains a gene coding for a hemoglobin (hb). the protein belongs to the 2/2 hb lineage and is representative of group iii, a set of hbs about which little is known. an expression and purification procedure was developed for hh hb. electronic absorption and nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectra were used to characterize ligation states of the ferric and ferrous protein. the pk(a) of the acid/alkaline transition of ferric hh hb was 7.3, an unus ... | 2011 | 21445851 |
| inactivation of indicators and pathogens in cattle feedlot manures and compost as determined by molecular and culture assays. | accurate and conservative information about pathogen inactivation rates is needed as the basis for safe manure management on beef cattle feedlots. the survival of indicators and pathogens in faecal pen manure, stockpiled manure and manure compost was measured with autochthonous indicator bacteria (escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens, enterococci, total coliforms) and pathogens (listeria monocytogenes, campylobacter jejuni) using culture and/or real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) methods. add ... | 2011 | 21446944 |
| investigating the genome diversity of b. cereus and evolutionary aspects of b. anthracis emergence. | here we report the use of a multi-genome dna microarray to investigate the genome diversity of bacillus cereus group members and elucidate the events associated with the emergence of bacillus anthracis the causative agent of anthrax-a lethal zoonotic disease. we initially performed directed genome sequencing of seven diverse b. cereus strains to identify novel sequences encoded in those genomes. the novel genes identified, combined with those publicly available, allowed the design of a "species" ... | 2011 | 21447378 |
| campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, and cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) genes in common teals (anas crecca). | to evaluate the presence of campylobacter spp. and related cdt genes, cloacal swabs were collected from 70 common teals (anas crecca) and analyzed by culture methods and polymerase chain reaction. in addition, c. jejuni were examined also for the presence of wlan gene. this is believed to be the first report of campylobacter spp. in common teal and our results confirm the very common occurrence of c. jejuni (n=40) and c. coli (n=13) in waterfowls. furthermore, the cdt genes were frequently prese ... | 2011 | 21450419 |
| guillain-barré syndrome: modern theories of etiology. | guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) is a classic failure of the immune system with a life-threatening attack upon a critical self-component. the active phase of the disease is short, concordant with the latency of a primary adaptive immune response. triggers for gbs include infection and (rarely) vaccination; cross-reactivity between infectious and neural epitopes has been well demonstrated, particularly for campylobacter jejuni and motor axonal forms of gbs in which non-protein gangliosides are antig ... | 2011 | 21451970 |
| streptococcus pneumoniae infection of host epithelial cells via polymeric immunoglobulin receptor transiently induces calcium release from intracellular stores. | the pneumococcal surface protein c (pspc) is a major adhesin of streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci) that interacts in a human-specific manner with the ectodomain of the human polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pigr) produced by respiratory epithelial cells. this interaction promotes bacterial colonization and bacterial internalization by initiating host signal transduction cascades. here, we examined alterations of intracellular calcium ([ca(2+)](i)) levels in epithelial cells during host cel ... | 2011 | 21454571 |
| the crystal structure of the leishmania major deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase in complex with nucleotide analogues, dump, and deoxyuridine. | members of the leishmania genus are the causative agents of the life-threatening disease leishmaniasis. new drugs are being sought due to increasing resistance and adverse side effects with current treatments. the knowledge that dutpase is an essential enzyme and that the all a-helical dimeric kinetoplastid dutpases have completely different structures compared with the trimeric ß-sheet type dutpase possessed by most organisms, including humans, make the dimeric enzymes attractive drug targets. ... | 2011 | 21454646 |
| [intestinal non-hodgkin lymphoma: "immunoproliferative small intestinal disease"] | immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (ipsid), also known as alpha chain disease, is a rare disease. in the recent who classification of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue, ipsid is considered as a variant of extranodal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (malt) lymphoma. campylobacter jejuni is a specific pathogen, found to be related to ipsid. diagnosis is based on histology and immunochemistry (±fluorescent in situ hybridization), with presence of many variable levels of abnormal immunogl ... | 2011 | 21458210 |
| influence of season and geography on campylobacter jejuni and c. coli subtypes in housed broiler flocks reared in great britain. | geographical and seasonal variation in the incidence and prevalence of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli in housed broiler flocks reared in great britain in 2004 to 2006 was investigated in this study. ceca (30) from 797 flocks, not subject to prior partial depopulation and reared on 211 farms, were examined individually for the presence of campylobacter spp. the best-fitting climatic factors explained approximately 46% of the prevalence of campylobacter-colonized flocks at slaughter and consiste ... | 2011 | 21460110 |
| reliability of nucleotide sequence information of full-length flagellin a gene (flaa) and flaa short variable region (svr) for molecular discrimination of campylobacter lari organisms. | we aimed to clarify if the thermophilic campylobacter lari organisms including urease-negative (un) c. lari and urease-positive thermophilic campylobacter (uptc) can be differentiated at the species and/or subspecies levels by employing the full-length flaa gene and flaa short variable region (svr) nucleotide sequence information or not. thermophilic campylobacter isolates (n?=?45) including un c. lari (n?=?17), uptc (n?=?18), and campylobacter jejuni (n?=?10) were well discriminated at the isol ... | 2011 | 21465259 |
| diarrheagenic pathogens in polymicrobial infections. | during systematic active surveillance of the causes of diarrhea in patients admitted to the infectious diseases and beliaghata general hospital in kolkata, india, we looked for 26 known gastrointestinal pathogens in fecal samples from 2,748 patients. samples from about one-third (29%) of the patients contained multiple pathogens. polymicrobial infections frequently contained vibrio cholerae o1 and rotavirus. when these agents were present, some co-infecting agents were found significantly less o ... | 2011 | 21470448 |
| [tigecicline susceptibilities of tetracycline-resistant campylobacter jejuni clinical strains isolated in poland]. | campylobacteriosis is a significant public health problem in many developed countries. campylobacter jejuni is one of the leading causes of food-borne gastroenteritis and enteritis in humans. treatment of campylobacteriosis is required in severe clinical infections, extraintestinal infections and in immunocompromised patients. erythromycin is the proposed drug of choice for the treatment of campylobacter infections. however, tetracycline and fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin) are also clinically e ... | 2010 | 21473099 |
| role of the distal hydrogen-bonding network in regulating oxygen affinity in the truncated hemoglobin iii from campylobacter jejuni. | oxygen affinity in heme-containing proteins is determined by a number of factors, such as the nature and conformation of the distal residues that stabilize the heme bound-oxygen via hydrogen-bonding interactions. the truncated hemoglobin iii from campylobacter jejuni (ctb) contains three potential hydrogen-bond donors in the distal site: tyrb10, trpg8, and hise7. previous studies suggested that ctb exhibits an extremely slow oxygen dissociation rate due to an interlaced hydrogen-bonding network ... | 2011 | 21476539 |
| efficacy of uv light treatment for the microbiological decontamination of chicken, associated packaging, and contact surfaces. | uv light was investigated for the decontamination of raw chicken, associated packaging, and contact surfaces. the uv susceptibilities of a number of campylobacter isolates (seven campylobacter jejuni isolates and three campylobacter coli isolates), escherichia coli atcc 25922, and salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis atcc 10376 in liquid media were also investigated. from an initial level of 7 log cfu/ml, no viable campylobacter cells were detected following exposure to the most intense uv do ... | 2011 | 21477470 |
| antimicrobial resistance and molecular subtyping of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli from retail meats. | campylobacter isolates (n = 297; 202 c. jejuni and 95 c. coli isolates) recovered from 2,513 retail meat samples (chicken breasts, ground turkey, ground beef, and pork chops) were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility. the isolates were further analyzed for genetic relatedness by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) using smai and kpni restriction enzymes, and a subset of isolates (n = 174) were subtyped by multilocus sequence typing (mlst). the resistance most frequently observed was tha ... | 2011 | 21477476 |
| l-fucose utilization provides campylobacter jejuni with a competitive advantage. | campylobacter jejuni is a prevalent gastrointestinal pathogen in humans and a common commensal of poultry. when colonizing its hosts, c. jejuni comes into contact with intestinal carbohydrates, including l-fucose, released from mucin glycoproteins. several strains of c. jejuni possess a genomic island (cj0480c-cj0490) that is up-regulated in the presence of both l-fucose and mucin and allows for the utilization of l-fucose as a substrate for growth. strains possessing this genomic island show in ... | 2011 | 21482772 |
| th1 and th2 response to campylobacter jejuni antigen in guillain-barre syndrome. | to determine the expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in lymphocytes from the progressive and recovery phases of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) after stimulation with campylobacter jejuni outer membrane proteins. | 2011 | 21482924 |
| no human protein is exempt from bacterial motifs, not even one. | the hypothesis that mimicry between a self and a microbial peptide antigen is strictly related to autoimmune pathology remains a debated concept in autoimmunity research. clear evidence for a causal link between molecular mimicry and autoimmunity is still lacking. in recent studies we have demonstrated that viruses and bacteria share amino acid sequences with the human proteome at such a high extent that the molecular mimicry hypothesis becomes questionable as a causal factor in autoimmunity. ex ... | 2010 | 21487508 |
| effect of tylosin on dogs with suspected tylosin-responsive diarrhea: a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blinded, prospective clinical trial. | abstract: | 2011 | 21489311 |
| 5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase is implicated in playing a key role in a modified futalosine pathway for menaquinone biosynthesis in campylobacter jejuni. | menaquinone (vitamin k(2)) serves as an electron carrier in the electron transport chain required for respiration in many pathogenic bacteria. most bacteria utilize a common menaquinone biosynthetic pathway as exemplified by escherichia coli. recently, a novel biosynthetic pathway, the futalosine pathway, was discovered in streptomyces. bioinformatic analysis strongly suggests that this pathway is also operative in the human pathogens campylobacter jejuni and helicobacter pylori. here, we provid ... | 2011 | 21489995 |
| unilateral abducens nerve palsy as an early feature of multiple mononeuropathy associated with anti-gq1b antibody. | patients with anti-gq1b antibody syndrome show various combinations of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, areflexia, or altered sensorium as clinical features. we describe herein a unique case with unilateral abducens nerve palsy as an early feature of multiple mononeuropathy involving dysfunctions of the inferior dental plexus and the ulnar nerve, which was thought to be associated with anti-gq1b antibody. a 27-year-old man presented with acute-onset diplopia. he subsequently experienced numbness not onl ... | 2011 | 21490718 |
| mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma presenting as massive gastrointestinal bleeding: a case report. | we present a 71-year-old man with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (malt) lymphoma of the colon presenting with massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage. at laparotomy two areas of irregular mucosa were noted in the ascending colon and cecum. pathology revealed malt lymphoma. malt lymphoma of the colon is rare and the presentation as well as outcome of our case makes him unique. | 2008 | 21490859 |
| citrobacter rodentium is an unstable pathogen showing evidence of significant genomic flux. | citrobacter rodentium is a natural mouse pathogen that causes attaching and effacing (a/e) lesions. it shares a common virulence strategy with the clinically significant human a/e pathogens enteropathogenic e. coli (epec) and enterohaemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) and is widely used to model this route of pathogenesis. we previously reported the complete genome sequence of c. rodentium icc168, where we found that the genome displayed many characteristics of a newly evolved pathogen. in this study, th ... | 2011 | 21490962 |
| ferritin structure from mycobacterium tuberculosis: comparative study with homologues identifies extended c-terminus involved in ferroxidase activity. | ferritins are recognized as key players in the iron storage and detoxification processes. iron acquisition in the case of pathogenic bacteria has long been established as an important virulence mechanism. here, we report a 3.0 å crystal structure of a ferritin, annotated as bacterioferritin b (bfrb), from mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis that continues to be one of the world's deadliest diseases. similar to the other members of ferritin family, the mtb bfrb s ... | 2011 | 21494619 |
| tungsten and molybdenum regulation of formate dehydrogenase expression in desulfovibrio vulgaris hildenborough. | formate is an important energy substrate for sulfate-reducing bacteria in natural environments, and both molybdenum- and tungsten-containing formate dehydrogenases have been reported in these organisms. in this work, we studied the effect of both metals on the levels of the three formate dehydrogenases encoded in the genome of desulfovibrio vulgaris hildenborough, with lactate, formate, or hydrogen as electron donors. using western blot analysis, quantitative real-time pcr, activity-stained gels ... | 2011 | 21498650 |
| rapid detection of viable salmonella in produce by coupling propidium monoazide with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (pma-lamp). | recent outbreaks linked to salmonella-contaminated produce heightened the need to develop simple, rapid, and accurate detection methods, particularly those capable of determining cell viability. in this study, we examined a novel strategy for the rapid detection and quantification of viable salmonella in produce by coupling a simple propidium monoazide sample treatment with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (pma-lamp). we first designed and optimized a lamp assay targeting salmonella. secon ... | 2011 | 21498750 |
| occurrence of thermotolerant campylobacter spp. on eggshells: a missing link for food-borne infections? | we analyzed the prevalence of thermotolerant campylobacter spp. compared that of to salmonella spp. in raw yolk and on eggshells. a total of 2,710 eggs were investigated for each bacterium. viable bacteria were found in 4.1% (campylobacter spp.) and 1.1% (salmonella spp.) of the eggshell samples, whereas the egg yolk samples were negative for both bacteria. | 2011 | 21498761 |
| harvesting the biological potential of the human gut microbiome. | | 2011 | 21500237 |
| campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, and cytolethal distending toxin genes in laying hens. | as no data are available on the prevalence of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) genes carried by campylobacter spp. in laying hens, this study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the prevalence of both campylobacter spp. and cdt genes in 1680 laying hens from four different farms. the samples were analyzed by culture methods and by polymerase chain reaction. campylobacter spp. were isolated from 1097/1680 cloacal swabs. among the isolates, 913 were identified as campylobacter jejuni whereas 3 ... | 2011 | 21500644 |
| site-specific enzymatic polysialylation of therapeutic proteins using bacterial enzymes. | the posttranslational modification of therapeutic proteins with terminal sialic acids is one means of improving their circulating half-life, thereby improving their efficiency. we have developed a two-step in vitro enzymatic modification of glycoproteins, which has previously only been achieved by chemical means [gregoriadis g, jain s, papaioannou i, laing p (2005) int j pharm 300:125-130). this two-step procedure uses the campylobacter jejuni cst-ii α2,8-sialyltransferase to provide a primer on ... | 2011 | 21502532 |
| campylobacter jejuni lipo-oligosaccharides modulate dc-mediated t cell polarization in a sialic acid linkage dependent manner. | carbohydrate mimicry between campylobacter jejuni lipo-oligosaccharides (los) and host neural gangliosides plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). campylobacter jejuni los may mimic various gangliosides, which affects the immunogenicity and the type of neurological deficits in gbs patients. previous studies have shown the interaction of los with sialic acid-specific siglec receptors, although the functional consequences remain unknown. cells that express high l ... | 2011 | 21502591 |
| the human postsynaptic density shares conserved elements with proteomes of unicellular eukaryotes and prokaryotes. | the animal nervous system processes information from the environment and mediates learning and memory using molecular signaling pathways in the postsynaptic terminal of synapses. postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptors assemble to form multiprotein complexes that drive signal transduction pathways to downstream cell biological processes. studies of mouse and drosophila postsynaptic proteins have identified key roles in synaptic physiology and behavior for a wide range of proteins including recep ... | 2011 | 21503141 |
| quantification of acid-base interactions based on contact angle measurement allows xdlvo predictions to attachment of campylobacter jejuni but not salmonella. | acid-base (ab) interactions play the most important role in bacterial attachment to surfaces and can be quantified based on electron donor/electron acceptor data from contact angle measurement (cam) according to the extended derjaguin-landau-verwey-overbeek (xdlvo) theory. it follows that the xdlvo theory could fail to explain attachment numbers if differences in ab interactions between strains are not apparent by cam. this study aimed to investigate the validity of the above assumptions by comp ... | 2011 | 21504764 |
| the expanding horizons of asparagine-linked glycosylation. | asparagine-linked glycosylation involves the sequential assembly of an oligosaccharide onto a polyisoprenyl donor, followed by the en bloc transfer of the glycan to particular asparagine residues within acceptor proteins. these n-linked glycans play a critical role in a wide variety of biological processes, such as protein folding, cellular targeting and motility, and the immune response. in the past decade, research in the field of n-linked glycosylation has achieved major advances, including t ... | 2011 | 21506607 |
| prevalence and risk factors for campylobacter spp. in chicken broiler flocks in reunion island (indian ocean). | our objectives were to determine campylobacter prevalence in broiler chicken flocks in reunion island and to define specific practices associated with the presence of campylobacter spp. infection in reunionese broiler flocks. fifty broiler flocks were studied in reunion island from may 2007 to february 2009. a questionnaire was submitted to the farmers and samples of fresh droppings were collected to assess the flock's campylobacter status. fifty four percent of the flocks were infected by campy ... | 2011 | 21511349 |
| evaluation of low-copy genetic targets for waterborne bacterial pathogen detection via qpcr. | recent developments in water quality research have highlighted difficulties in accurately predicting the incidence of pathogens within freshwater based on the viability, culturability and metabolic activity of indicator organisms. qpcr-driven assays are candidates to replace standard culture-based methods, however, protocols suitable for routine use have yet to be sufficiently validated. the objective of this study was to evaluate five oligonucleotide primers sets (etir, sinv, exot, vs1 and ipah ... | 2011 | 21514618 |
| pmst2 - a novel pasteurella multocida glycolipid {alpha}2-3-sialyltransferase. | pasteurella multocida is a multi-species pathogen that causes diseases in animals and humans. sialyltransferase activity has been detected in multiple pasteurella multocida strains and sialylation has been shown to be important for the pathogenesis of pasteurella multocida. three putative sialyltransferase genes have been identified in pasteurella multocida genomic strain pm70. we have reported previously that a pm0188 gene homolog in p. multocida strain p-1059 (atcc 15742) encodes a multifuncti ... | 2011 | 21515586 |
| preceding infections and anti-ganglioside antibody profiles assessed by a dot immunoassay in 306 french guillain-barré syndrome patients. | we describe by an in-house dot immunoassay, specific anti-ganglioside and sulfatide antibodies, by comparing the results from a large group of 134 infected french gbs patients and those from 172 noninfected french gbs and 142 control groups. a recent infection was identified in 134/306 (43.8%) gbs patients: campylobacter jejuni (24.6%) was the most common agent, followed by cytomegalovirus (12.4%), mycoplasma pneumoniae (3.2%) and epstein-barr virus (1.3%). anti-ganglioside antibodies were detec ... | 2011 | 21516465 |
| the antibiotic potential of prokaryotic imp dehydrogenase inhibitors. | inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (impdh) catalyzes the first committed step of guanosine 5'-monophosphate (gmp) biosynthesis, and thus regulates the guanine nucleotide pool, which in turn governs proliferation. human impdhs are validated targets for immunosuppressive, antiviral and anticancer drugs, but as yet microbial impdhs have not been exploited in antimicrobial chemotherapy. selective inhibitors of impdh from cryptosporidium parvum have recently been discovered that display anti-para ... | 2011 | 21517780 |
| real-time pcr analysis of enteric pathogens from fecal samples of irritable bowel syndrome subjects. | abstract: background: growing amount of scientific evidence suggests that microbes are involved in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (ibs). the predominant fecal microbiota composition of ibs subjects has been widely studied with dna-based techniques but less research has been focused on the intestinal pathogens in this disorder. here, we optimized a highly sensitive panel of 12 quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) assays to shed light on the putative presence of intestinal pathogens ... | 2011 | 21518462 |
| preventing antibiotic resistance: the next step. | there is universal agreement that the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a significant health problem, leading to preventable morbidity and mortality. kaiser permanente (kp) has made great strides in improving the antibiotic-prescribing behavior of its physicians, thereby limiting the emergence of antibiotic resistance in the clinical setting. this, however, is only a beginning. greater than 70% of the antibiotics used in the united states are for nontherapeutic purposes in animal fee ... | 2006 | 21519468 |
| bioinformatic characterization of the trimeric intracellular cation-specific channel protein family. | trimeric intracellular cation-specific (tric) channels are integral to muscle excitation-contraction coupling. tric channels provide counter-ionic flux when calcium is rapidly transported from intracellular stores to the cell cytoplasm. until recently, knowledge of the presence of these proteins was limited to animals. we analyzed the tric family and identified a profusion of prokaryotic family members with topologies and motifs similar to those of their eukaryotic counterparts. prokaryotic memb ... | 2011 | 21519847 |
| bovine antibody-based oral immunotherapy for reduction of intragastric helicobacter pylori colonization: a randomized clinical trial. | antibiotic-based regimens are frequently used for the treatment of helicobacter pylori infection. these regimens fail to eradicate h pylori in 15% to 40% of patients, primarily due to antimicrobial resistance and insufficient patient compliance. effective prevention and eradication of h pylori by passive immunization with orally administered bovine antibodies has been demonstrated in animal studies, and may serve as an alternative therapy in humans. | 2011 | 21523262 |
| differentiation of campylobacter species by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | abstract the genus campylobacter contains several, widespread pathogens causing food-borne diseases of zoonotic nature in humans. in case of outbreaks, the differentiation of closely related campylobacter is essential for epidemiological studies, which investigate the routes of geographical spread and ways of transmission. recent advances in mass spectrometry (ms) have shown that matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (maldi-tof) ms is a valuable tool for speciation of bacter ... | 2011 | 21524195 |
| the virulence factor peb4 and the periplasmic protein cj1289 are two structurally related sura-like chaperones in the human pathogen campylobacter jejuni. | the peb4 protein is an antigenic virulence factor implicated in host cell adhesion, invasion and colonisation in the food-borne pathogen campylobacter jejuni. peb4 mutants have defects in outer membrane protein (omp) assembly and peb4 is thought to act as a periplasmic chaperone. the crystallographic structure of peb4 at 2.2å resolution reveals a dimer with distinct sura-like chaperone and peptidyl prolyl cis/transisomerase (ppiase) domains encasing a large central cavity. unlike sura, the chape ... | 2011 | 21524997 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility in thermophilic campylobacter species isolated from pigs and chickens in south africa. | campylobacter jejuni is one of the leading causes of sporadic food-borne bacterial disease in humans. in intensive poultry and pig rearing systems the use of oral antibiotics is essential to maintain health. consequently, there is a high risk for the thermophilic campylobacter jejuni and c. coli resident in the intestinal tract of food animals to develop resistance to commonly used antibiotics. contamination of meat or eggs with pathogenic strains of resistant campylobacter could, therefore, res ... | 2010 | 21526738 |
| clinical significance of erythromycin-resistant campylobacter jejuni in children. | campylobacter has been recognized as the common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in many countries. increasing erythromycin resistance in campylobacter jejuni infection is noted recently, but severe case was rarely reported. in this study, we aimed to clarify the clinical significance of the resistant strain of c jejuni in children. we reviewed the charts of children who were diagnosed with c jejuni enteritis in our hospital from january 2000 to december 2005, including 326 patients (117 males ... | 2011 | 21531355 |
| a missing enzyme in thiamin thiazole biosynthesis: identification of teni as a thiazole tautomerase. | in many bacteria teni is found clustered with genes involved in thiamin thiazole biosynthesis. however, while teni shows high sequence similarity with thiamin phosphate synthase, the purified protein has no thiamin phosphate synthase activity, and the role of this enzyme in thiamin biosynthesis remains unknown. in this contribution, we identify the function of teni as a thiazole tautomerase, describe the structure of the enzyme complexed with its reaction product, identify the substrates phospha ... | 2011 | 21534620 |
| prevalence and characterization of campylobacter jejuni isolated from pasture flock poultry. | the growing interest in organic and natural foods warrants a greater need for information on the food safety of these products. in this study, samples were taken from 2 pasture flock farms (n= 178; feed, water, drag swabs, and insect traps), pasture flock retail carcasses (n= 48) and 1 pasture flock processing facility (n= 16) over a period of 8 mo. a total of 105 campylobacter isolates were obtained from 53 (30%), 36 (75%), and 16 (100%) samples from the farms, retail carcasses, and processing ... | 2010 | 21535562 |
| effect of refrigerated and frozen storage on the survival of campylobacter jejuni in cooked chicken meat breast. | this experimental work aimed to examine the survivability of campylobacter jejuni in cooked chicken breast under several conditions: storage for 1, 3, and 7 d at refrigerated temperatures (4 °c) and for 20 d at frozen temperatures (-18 °c). in addition, storage at ambient temperature (26 to 28 °c) was involved. chicken samples were inoculated with a mixed culture of c. jejuni strains (atcc: 29428 and 33219) of known concentrations (50 and 500 cfu/g). bacterial cells were recovered and enumerated ... | 2011 | 21535688 |
| antimicrobial edible apple films inactivate antibiotic resistant and susceptible campylobacter jejuni strains on chicken breast. | campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial diarrheal illness worldwide. many strains are now becoming multidrug resistant. apple-based edible films containing carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde were evaluated for bactericidal activity against antibiotic resistant and susceptible c. jejuni strains on chicken. retail chicken breast samples inoculated with d28a and h2a (resistant strains) and a24a (a sensitive strain) were wrapped in apple films containing cinnamaldehyde or carvacrol at 0.5%, ... | 2011 | 21535839 |
| genomic comparison of invasive and rare non-invasive strains reveals porphyromonas gingivalis genetic polymorphisms. | porphyromonas gingivalis strains are shown to invade human cells in vitro with different invasion efficiencies, varying by up to three orders of magnitude. | 2011 | 21541093 |
| biochemical characterization of the o-linked glycosylation pathway in neisseria gonorrhoeae responsible for biosynthesis of protein glycans containing n,n'-diacetylbacillosamine. | the o-linked protein glycosylation pathway in neisseria gonorrhoeae is responsible for the synthesis of a complex oligosaccharide on undecaprenyl diphosphate and subsequent en bloc transfer of the glycan to serine residues of select periplasmic proteins. protein glycosylation (pgl) genes have been annotated on the basis of bioinformatics and top-down mass spectrometry analysis of protein modifications in pgl-null strains [aas, f. e., et al. (2007) mol. microbiol. 65, 607-624; vik, a., et al. (20 ... | 2011 | 21542610 |
| acute encephalopathy associated with campylobacter jejuni enteritis. | we present for the first time a case of acute encephalopathy in an adult patient induced by campylobacter jejuni enteritis. possible pathogenic mechanisms and importance of neuropsychological testing in the assessment of infection-related encephalopathy are discussed. | 2011 | 21556865 |
| structural and enzymatic characterization of nans (yjhs), a 9-o-acetyl n-acetylneuraminic acid esterase from escherichia coli o157:h7. | there is a high prevalence of sialic acid in a number of different organisms, resulting in there being a myriad of different enzymes that can exploit it as a fermentable carbon source. one such enzyme is nans, a carbohydrate esterase that we show here deacetylates the 9 position of 9-o-sialic acid so that it can be readily transported into the cell for catabolism. through structural studies, we show that nans adopts a sgnh hydrolase fold. although the backbone of the structure is similar to prev ... | 2011 | 21557376 |
| dual enlargement of gold nanoparticles: from mechanism to scanometric detection of pathogenic bacteria. | a mechanism of dual enlargement of gold nanoparticles (aunps) comprising two steps is described. in the first step, the aunps are enlarged by depositing au atoms on their crystalline faces. in this process, the particles are not only enlarged but they are also observed to multiply: new au nuclei are formed by the budding and division of the enlarged particles. in the second step, a silver enhancement is subsequently performed by the deposition of silver atoms on the enlarged and newly formed aun ... | 2011 | 21557470 |
| bacterial peptides are intensively present throughout the human proteome. | forty bacterial proteomes-20 pathogens and 20 non-pathogens-were examined for amino acid sequence similarity to the human proteome. all bacterial proteomes, independent of their pathogenicity, share hundreds of nonamer sequences with the human proteome. this overlap is very widespread, with one third of human proteins sharing at least one nonapeptide with one of these bacteria. on the whole, the bacteria-versus-human nonamer overlap is numerically defined by 47,610 total perfect matches dissemin ... | 2010 | 21559180 |
| lectin typing of campylobacter jejuni using a novel quartz crystal microbalance technique. | seven campylobacter jejuni strains were characterised by a lectin typing assay. the typing system was based on a quartz crystal microbalance technique (qcm) with four commercially available lectins (wheat germ agglutinin, maackia amurensis lectin, lens culinaris agglutinin, and concanavalin a), which were chosen for their differing carbohydrate specificities. initially, the gold surfaces of the quartz crystals were modified with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid followed by lectin immobilisation using ... | 2011 | 21565296 |
| stimulation of growth of the human gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori by atmospheric level of oxygen under high carbon dioxide tension. | abstract: background: helicobacter pylori (hp), a human pathogen that is associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer, has been considered a microaerophile, but there is no general consensus about its specific o2 requirements. a clear understanding of hp physiology is needed to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism(s) of hp infection. results: we cultured hp under a range of o2 levels with or without 10% co2 and evaluated growth profiles, morphology, intracellular ph, and energy meta ... | 2011 | 21569333 |
| strain engineering for improved expression of recombinant proteins in bacteria. | abstract: protein expression in escherichia coli represents the most facile approach for the preparation of non-glycosylated proteins for analytical and preparative purposes. so far, the optimization of recombinant expression has largely remained a matter of trial and error and has relied upon varying parameters, such as expression vector, media composition, growth temperature and chaperone co-expression. recently several new approaches for the genome-scale engineering of e. coli to enhance reco ... | 2011 | 21569582 |
| campylobacter contamination of broiler caeca and carcasses at the slaughterhouse and correlation with salmonella contamination. | in order to estimate the prevalence of campylobacter spp. and salmonella spp. on broiler chicken carcasses and the prevalence of campylobacter spp. in caeca, 58 french slaughterhouses were investigated in 2008. enumeration of campylobacter spp. was also performed in order to study the relation between caeca and carcass contamination. a pool of 10 caeca and one carcass were collected from 425 different batches over a 12-month period in 2008. salmonella was isolated on 32 carcasses leading to a pr ... | 2011 | 21569927 |
| influence of cell surface hydrophobicity on attachment of campylobacter to abiotic surfaces. | this work aimed to investigate the influence of physicochemical properties and prior mode of growth (planktonic or sessile culture) on attachment of 13 campylobacter jejuni strains and 5 campylobacter coli strains isolated from chicken samples to three abiotic surfaces: stainless steel, glass and polyurethane. water contact angle and zeta potential measurements indicated that the strains varied with respect to surface hydrophobicity (17.6 ± 1.5 to 53.0 ± 2.3°) and surface charge (-3.3 ± 0.4 to - ... | 2011 | 21569937 |
| survival of campylobacter jejuni on beef and pork under vacuum packaged and retail storage conditions: examination of the role of natural meat microflora on c. jejuni survival. | the ability of campylobacter jejuni atcc 11168 to survive on beef and pork stored under chilled, vacuum packaged and retail display conditions were examined. in addition, the effect of natural microflora on commercial beef and pork on the survival of c. jejuni under these storage conditions was examined. when sterile cores of beef and pork were inoculated with ∼10(5) to 10(6) cfu cm(-2)c. jejuni, and were stored under aerobic or vacuum packaged conditions at -1.5 or 4 °c, its numbers dropped sig ... | 2011 | 21569945 |
| population dynamics of salmonella enterica serotypes in commercial egg and poultry production. | fresh and processed poultry have been frequently implicated in cases of human salmonellosis. furthermore, increased consumption of meat and poultry has increased the potential for exposure to salmonella. while advances have been made in reducing the prevalence and frequency of salmonella contamination in processed poultry, there is mounting pressure on commercial growers to prevent and/or eliminate these human pathogens in preharvest production facilities. several factors contribute to salmonell ... | 2011 | 21571882 |
| the rna chaperone hfq is important for growth and stress tolerance in francisella novicida. | the rna-binding protein hfq is recognized as an important regulatory factor in a variety of cellular processes, including stress resistance and pathogenesis. hfq has been shown in several bacteria to interact with small regulatory rnas and act as a post-transcriptional regulator of mrna stability and translation. here we examined the impact of hfq on growth, stress tolerance, and gene expression in the intracellular pathogen francisella novicida. we present evidence of hfq involvement in the abi ... | 2011 | 21573133 |
| crystal structure of the bifunctional trna modification enzyme mnmc from escherichia coli. | post-transcriptional modifications of bases within the transfer rnas (trna) anticodon significantly affect the decoding system. in bacteria and eukaryotes, uridines at the wobble position (u34) of some trnas are modified to 5-methyluridine derivatives (xm(5) u). these xm(5) u34-containing trnas read codons ending with a or g, whereas trnas with the unmodified u34 are able to read all four synonymous codons of a family box. in escherichia coli (e.coli), the bifunctional enzyme mnmc catalyzes the ... | 2011 | 21574198 |
| [construction of chea insertion mutant of campylobacter jejuni and the effect of its adhesion on mice jejunum]. | to construct chea (chemotaxis, che) insertion mutant of campylobacter jejuni and to observe the role of chea gene in adhesion of campylobacter jejuni on mice jejunum. | 2011 | 21574382 |
| complete genome sequence of the marine fish pathogen vibrio anguillarum harboring the pjm1 virulence plasmid and genomic comparison with other virulent strains of v. anguillarum and v. ordalii. | we dissected the complete genome sequence of the o1 serotype v. anguillarum 775 (pjm1), and determined the draft genomic sequences of the plasmidless strains of serotype o1, 96f and o2β, rv22 and v. ordalii. all strains harbor two chromosomes but 775 also carries the virulence plasmid pjm1 that encodes the genes to produce anguibactin and cognate transport genes, one of the main virulence factors of v. anguillarum. genomic analysis identified eight genomic islands in chromosome 1 of v. anguillar ... | 2011 | 21576332 |
| livestock and global change special feature: current drivers and future directions of global livestock disease dynamics. | we review the global dynamics of livestock disease over the last two decades. our imperfect ability to detect and report disease hinders assessment of trends, but we suggest that, although endemic diseases continue their historic decline in wealthy countries, poor countries experience static or deteriorating animal health and epidemic diseases show both regression and expansion. at a mesolevel, disease is changing in terms of space and host, which is illustrated by bluetongue, lyme disease, and ... | 2011 | 21576468 |
| livestock and global change special feature: current drivers and future directions of global livestock disease dynamics. | we review the global dynamics of livestock disease over the last two decades. our imperfect ability to detect and report disease hinders assessment of trends, but we suggest that, although endemic diseases continue their historic decline in wealthy countries, poor countries experience static or deteriorating animal health and epidemic diseases show both regression and expansion. at a mesolevel, disease is changing in terms of space and host, which is illustrated by bluetongue, lyme disease, and ... | 2011 | 21576468 |
| chronic diarrhea associated with persistent norovirus excretion in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: report of two cases. | abstract: background: chronic diarrhea in patients treated with immunosuppressive agents or suffering from immunosuppressive disease can represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the clinician. norovirus infection, a major cause of acute epidemic diarrhea, has been described as a cause of chronic diarrhea in patients who are immunosuppressed, including transplant recipients and the very young. case presentations we describe two patients, a 64 year-old man and a 59 year-old woman, both ... | 2011 | 21586142 |
| estimating background rates of guillain-barre syndrome in ontario in order to respond to safety concerns during pandemic h1n1/09 immunization campaign. | abstract: background: the province of ontario, canada initiated mass immunization clinics with adjuvanted pandemic h1n1 influenza vaccine in october 2009. due to the campaign's scale, temporal associations with guillain-barre syndrome (gbs) and vaccination were expected. the objectives of this analysis were to estimate the number of background gbs cases expected to occur in the projected vaccinated population and to estimate the number of additional gbs cases which would be expected if an associ ... | 2011 | 21586163 |
| transcriptome analysis of neisseria meningitidis in human whole blood and mutagenesis studies identify virulence factors involved in blood survival. | during infection neisseria meningitidis (nm) encounters multiple environments within the host, which makes rapid adaptation a crucial factor for meningococcal survival. despite the importance of invasion into the bloodstream in the meningococcal disease process, little is known about how nm adapts to permit survival and growth in blood. to address this, we performed a time-course transcriptome analysis using an ex vivo model of human whole blood infection. we observed that nm alters the expressi ... | 2011 | 21589640 |
| chemoenzymatic synthesis of c8-modified sialic acids and related α2-3- and α2-6-linked sialosides. | naturally occurring 8-o-methylated sialic acids, including 8-o-methyl-n-acetylneuraminic acid and 8-o-methyl-n-glycolylneuraminic acid, along with 8-o-methyl-2-keto-3-deoxy-d-glycero-d-galacto-nonulosonic acid (kdn8me) and 8-deoxy-kdn were synthesized from corresponding 5-o-modified six-carbon monosaccharides and pyruvate using a sialic acid aldolase cloned from pasteurella multocida strain p-1059 (pmnana). in addition, α2-3- and α2-6-linked sialyltrisaccharides containing neu5ac8me and kdn8deox ... | 2011 | 21592790 |
| transmission and dose-response experiments for social animals: a reappraisal of the colonization biology of campylobacter jejuni in chickens. | dose-response experiments characterize the relationship between infectious agents and their hosts. these experiments are routinely used to estimate the minimum effective infectious dose for an infectious agent, which is most commonly characterized by the dose at which 50 per cent of challenged hosts become infected-the id(50). in turn, the id(50) is often used to compare between different agents and quantify the effect of treatment regimes. the statistical analysis of dose-response data typicall ... | 2011 | 21593028 |
| characterization of a dipartite iron-uptake system from uropathogenic escherichia coli strain f11. | in the uropathogenic escherichia coli strain f11, in silico genome analysis revealed the novel dicistronic iron-uptake operon fetmp, which is under iron-regulated control mediated by the fur regulator. the expression of fetmp in a mutant strain lacking known iron-uptake systems improved growth under iron depletion and increased cellular iron accumulation. fetm is a member of the iron/lead transporter (ilt) superfamily and is essential for iron-uptake by the fet system. fetp is a periplasmic prot ... | 2011 | 21596746 |
| the evolution of respiratory chain complex i from a smaller last common ancestor consisting of 11 protein subunits. | the nadh:quinone oxidoreductase (complex i) has evolved from a combination of smaller functional building blocks. chloroplasts and cyanobacteria contain a complex i-like enzyme having only 11 subunits. this enzyme lacks the n-module which harbors the nadh binding site and the flavin and iron-sulfur cluster prosthetic groups. a complex i-homologous enzyme found in some archaea contains an f(420) dehydrogenase subunit denoted as fpof rather than the n-module. in the present study, all currently av ... | 2011 | 21597881 |
| metagenome of the gut of a malnourished child. | abstract: background: malnutrition, a major health problem, affects a significant proportion of preschool children in developing countries. the devastating consequences of malnutrition include diarrhoea, malabsorption, increased intestinal permeability and suboptimal immune response etc. nutritional interventions and dietary solutions have not been effective for treatment of malnutrition till date. metagenomic procedures allow one to access the complex cross-talk between the gut and its microbia ... | 2011 | 21599906 |
| rapid identification and quantification of campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni by real-time pcr in pure cultures and in complex samples. | abstract: background: campylobacter spp., especially campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) and campylobacter coli (c. coli), are recognized as the leading human foodborne pathogens in developed countries. livestock animals carrying campylobacter pose an important risk for human contamination. pigs are known to be frequently colonized with campylobacter, especially c. coli, and to excrete high numbers of this pathogen in their faeces. molecular tools, notably real-time pcr, provide an effective, rapid ... | 2011 | 21600037 |
| flagellar glycosylation in burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia thailandensis. | glycosylation of proteins is known to impart novel physical properties and biological roles to proteins from both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. in this study, gel based glycoproteomics were used to identify glycoproteins of the potential bio-threat agent burkholderia pseudomallei and the closely related but non-pathogenic b. thailandensis. top-down and bottom-up ms analysis identified that the flagellin proteins of both species were post-translationally modified by novel glycans. analysis of prote ... | 2011 | 21602339 |
| selective quantification of viable eschericia coli in biosolids by quantitative pcr with propidium monoazide modification. | quantitative differentiation of live cells in biosolids samples, without using culturing-based approaches, is highly critical from a public health risk perspective, as recent studies have shown significant re-growth and reactivation of indicator organisms. persistence of dna in the environment after cell death in the range of days to weeks limits the application of dna-based approaches as a measure of live cell density. using selective nucleic acid intercalating dyes like ethidium monoazide (ema ... | 2011 | 21602375 |
| screening of australian plants for antimicrobial activity against campylobacter jejuni. | campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of acute enteritis in humans, with symptoms such as diarrhoea, fever and abdominal cramps. in this study, 115 extracts from 109 australian plant species were investigated for their antimicrobial activities against two c. jejuni strains using an in vitro broth microdilution assay. among the plants tested, 107 (93%) extracts showed activity at a concentration between 32 and 1024 µg/ml against at least one c. jejuni strain. seventeen plant extracts were ... | 2011 | 21604309 |
| global gene expression analysis of chicken caecal response to campylobacter jejuni. | campylobacter jejuni colonises the caecum of more than 90% of commercial chickens. even though colonisation is asymptomatic, we hypothesised that it is mediated by activation of several biological pathways. we therefore used chicken-specific 20k oligonucleotide microarrays to examine global gene expression in c. jejuni-challenged birds. microarray results demonstrate small but significant fold-changes in expression of 270 genes 20h post-challenge, corresponding to a wide range of biological proc ... | 2011 | 21605915 |
| genetic and molecular analyses reveal an evolutionary trajectory for glycan synthesis in a bacterial protein glycosylation system. | although protein glycosylation systems are becoming widely recognized in bacteria, little is known about the mechanisms and evolutionary forces shaping glycan composition. species within the genus neisseria display remarkable glycoform variability associated with their o-linked protein glycosylation (pgl) systems and provide a well developed model system to study these phenomena. by examining the potential influence of two orfs linked to the core pgl gene locus, we discovered that one of these, ... | 2011 | 21606362 |
| identification of small-molecule inhibitors of yersinia pestis type iii secretion system yscn atpase. | yersinia pestis is a gram negative zoonotic pathogen responsible for causing bubonic and pneumonic plague in humans. the pathogen uses a type iii secretion system (t3ss) to deliver virulence factors directly from bacterium into host mammalian cells. the system contains a single atpase, yscn, necessary for delivery of virulence factors. in this work, we show that deletion of the catalytic domain of the yscn gene in y. pestis co92 attenuated the strain over three million-fold in the swiss-webster ... | 2011 | 21611119 |
| multilocus sequence typing of a global collection of pasteurella multocida isolates from cattle and other host species demonstrates niche association. | abstract: background: pasteurella multocida causes disease in many host species throughout the world. in bovids, it contributes to bovine respiratory disease (brd) and causes haemorrhagic septicaemia (hs). previous studies have suggested that brd-associated p. multocida isolates are of limited diversity. a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme for p. multocida was used to determine whether the low levels of diversity reported are due to the limited discriminatory power of the typing method us ... | 2011 | 21612618 |
| the carbon monoxide-releasing molecule, corm-3 (ru(co)(3) cl(glycinate)), targets respiration and oxidases in campylobacter jejuni, generating hydrogen peroxide. | carbon monoxide (co) is a classical respiratory inhibitor, but co-releasing molecules (co-rms) have therapeutic value, increasing phagocytosis, and reducing sepsis-induced lethality. corm-3, ru(co)(3) cl(glycinate), a ruthenium-based carbonyl that liberates co under physiological conditions, has previously been shown to inhibit bacterial growth and respiration, even at high concentrations of oxygen. here, we report the effects of corm-3 on the microaerophilic foodborne pathogen campylobacter jej ... | 2011 | 21618403 |
| molecular detection of campylobacter spp. in california gull (larus californicus) excreta. | we examined the prevalence, quantity, and diversity of campylobacter species in the excreta of 159 california gull (larus californicus) samples using culture, pcr- and qpcr-based detection assays. campylobacter spp. prevalence and abundance was relatively high in the gull excreta examined; however, c. jejuni and c. lari were detected in less than 2% of the isolates and dna extracts from the fecal samples that tested positive. moreover, molecular and sequencing data indicated that most l. califor ... | 2011 | 21622785 |
| global gene disruption in human cells to assign genes to phenotypes by deep sequencing. | insertional mutagenesis in a haploid background can disrupt gene function. we extend our earlier work by using a retroviral gene-trap vector to generate insertions in >98% of the genes expressed in a human cancer cell line that is haploid for all but one of its chromosomes. we apply phenotypic interrogation via tag sequencing (phitseq) to examine millions of mutant alleles through selection and parallel sequencing. analysis of pools of cells, rather than individual clones enables rapid assessmen ... | 2011 | 21623355 |
| functional characterization of a lipoprotein-encoding operon in campylobacter jejuni. | bacterial lipoproteins have important functions in bacterial pathogenesis and physiology. in campylobacter jejuni, a major foodborne pathogen causing gastroenteritis in humans, the majority of lipoproteins have not been functionally characterized. previously, we showed by dna microarray that cmer, a transcriptional regulator repressing the expression of the multidrug efflux pump cmeabc, modulates the expression of a three-gene operon (cj0089, cj0090, and cj0091) encoding a cluster of lipoprotein ... | 2011 | 21625391 |
| comparison of two commercial ovine campylobacter vaccines and an experimental bacterin in guinea pigs inoculated with campylobacter jejuni. | objective-to compare efficacy of 2 commercial ovine campylobacter vaccines and an experimental bacterin in guinea pigs following ip inoculation with campylobacter jejuni ia3902. animals-51 female guinea pigs. procedures-pregnant and nonpregnant animals were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups and administered a commercial campylobacter vaccine labeled for prevention of campylobacteriosis in sheep via two 5-ml doses 14 days apart (vaccine a; n = 13), another labeled for prevention of cam ... | 2011 | 21627526 |
| glycosylation regulates the specific induction of rice immune responses by acidovorax avenae flagellin. | plants have a sensitive system that detects various pathogen-derived molecules to protect against infection. flagellin, a main component of the bacterial flagellum, from the rice avirulent n1141 strain of gram-negative phytopathogenic bacterium, acidovorax avenae, induces plant immune responses including h(2)o(2) generation, while flagellin from the rice virulent k1 strain of a. avenae does not induce these immune responses. to clarify the molecular mechanism that leads to these differing respon ... | 2011 | 21628471 |
| an experimental mouse model to establish tropheryma whipplei as a diarrheal agent. | (see the editorial commentary by wilson et al, on pages 4-5.) tropheryma whipplei has long been considered as a rare bacterium causing a rare disease, whipple's disease. however, recent advances now suggest that t. whipplei is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium that may cause gastroenteritis, commonly associated with viral pathogens. we developed an animal model to support this hypothesis. we found that orally given t. whipplei induced diarrhea in mice, without spreading into the intestines. a ... | 2011 | 21628657 |
| enteric pathogens associated with childhood diarrhea in tripoli-libya. | abstract. stool samples from children < 5 years of age with diarrhea (n = 239) were examined for enteric pathogens using a combination of culture, enzyme-immunoassay, and polymerase chain reaction methods. pathogens were detected in 122 (51%) stool samples; single pathogens were detected in 37.2% and co-pathogens in 13.8% of samples. norovirus, rotavirus, and diarrheagenic escherichia coli (dec) were the most frequently detected pathogens (15.5%, 13.4%, and 11.2%, respectively); salmonella, aden ... | 2011 | 21633024 |
| a breathtaking feat: to compete with the gut microbiota, salmonella drives its host to provide a respiratory electron acceptor. | salmonella is a common cause of food poisoning. however, after ingestion the pathogen has to compete with resident microbes that already occupy the intestinal lumen (microbiota), which poses a challenge for salmonella to successfully colonize this niche. recent data show that salmonella elicits help from the host immune response to beat the competition. after arriving in the intestine, salmonella elicits acute intestinal inflammation. the respiratory burst of neutrophils that transmigrate into t ... | 2010 | 21637020 |
| investigating antibacterial mechanisms of garlic (allium sativum) concentrate and garlic-derived organosulfur compounds on campylobacter jejuni using ft-ir spectroscopy, raman spectroscopy and electron microscope. | fourier transform infrared (ft-ir) spectroscopy and raman spectroscopy were used to study the cell injury and inactivation of campylobacter jejuni from exposure to antioxidants from garlic. c. jejuni was treated with various concentration of garlic concentrate and garlic derived organosulfur compounds in growth media and saline at 4, 22 and 35°c. antimicrobial activity of the diallyl sulfides increased with the number of sulfur atoms (diallyl sulfide < diallyl disulfide < diallyl trisulfide). ft ... | 2011 | 21642409 |
| the campylobacter jejuni transcriptional regulator cj1556 plays a role in the oxidative and aerobic (o2) stress response and is important for bacterial survival in vivo. | campylobacter jejuni is the leading bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. despite stringent microaerobic growth requirements, c. jejuni is ubiquitous in the aerobic environment, so must possess regulatory systems to sense and adapt to external stimuli such as oxidative and aerobic (o(2)) stress. re-annotation of the c. jejuni nctc11168 genome sequence identified cj1556 (originally annotated as a hypothetical protein) as a marr family transcriptional regulator and further analysis i ... | 2011 | 21642451 |