| identification and characterization of novel rat polyomavirus 2 in a colony of x-scid rats by p-pit assay. | polyomaviruses (pyvs) are known to infect a wide range of vertebrates and invertebrates and are associated with a broad spectrum of diseases, including cancers, particularly in immune-suppressed hosts. a novel polyomavirus, designated rat polyomavirus 2 (ratpyv2), was identified from a breeding colony of rats having x-linked severe combined immunodeficiency. using a human panpolyomavirus immunohistochemistry test (p-pit), ratpyv2 was initially detected in the parotid salivary gland of a colony m ... | 2017 | 28028546 |
| differential macrophage polarization from pneumocystis in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed hosts: potential adjunctive therapy during pneumonia. | we explored differential polarization of macrophages during infection using a rat model of pneumocystis pneumonia. we observed enhanced pulmonary m1 macrophage polarization in immunosuppressed (is) hosts, but an m2 predominant response in immunocompetent (ic) hosts following pneumocystis carinii challenge. increased inflammation and inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) levels characterized the m1 response. however, macrophage ability to produce nitric oxide was defective. in contrast, the lung ... | 2017 | 27993972 |
| functional characterization of pneumocystis carinii inositol transporter 1. | fungi in the genus pneumocystis live in the lungs of mammals, where they can cause a fatal pneumonia (pcp [pneumocystis pneumonia]) in hosts with compromised immune systems. the absence of a continuous in vitro culture system for any species of pneumocystis has led to limited understanding of these fungi, especially for the discovery of new therapies. we recently reported that pneumocystis carinii, pneumocystis murina, and most significantly, pneumocystis jirovecii lack both enzymes necessary fo ... | 2016 | 27965450 |
| identification and functional ascertainment of the pneumocystis jirovecii potential drug targets gsc1 and kre6 involved in glucan synthesis. | the most efficient drug against the human pathogenic fungus pneumocystis jirovecii is cotrimoxazole targeting the folate biosynthesis. however, resistance toward it is emerging and adverse effects occur in some patients. studies in rodent models suggested that echinocandins could be useful to treat pneumocystis pneumonia. echinocandins inhibit the catalytic subunit gsc1 of the enzymatic complex ensuring the synthesis of 1,3-β glucan, an essential constituent of cell walls of most fungi. besides, ... | 2016 | 27859907 |
| identifying different causes of hyponatremia with fractional excretion of uric acid. | there is controversy over the prevalence of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (siadh) and cerebral or renal salt wasting (rsw), 2 syndromes with identical common clinical and laboratory parameters but different therapies. the traditional approach to the hyponatremic patient relies on volume assessment, but there are limitations to this method. | 2016 | 27776720 |
| pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in pediatric patients: an analysis of 15 confirmed consecutive cases during 14 years. | pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia occurs in various immunocompromised patients. despite the prophylaxis strategies in clinical practice, certain patients develop p. jirovecii pneumonia. this study was performed to investigate pediatric cases with p. jirovecii pneumonia in a single center. | 2016 | 27462353 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia revealing diabetes mellitus]. | | 2016 | 27349822 |
| β-glucans are masked but contribute to pulmonary inflammation during pneumocystis pneumonia. | β-glucans, which can activate innate immune responses, are a major component in the cell wall of the cyst form of pneumocystis in the current study, we examined whether β-1,3-glucans are masked by surface proteins in pneumocystis and what role β-glucans play in pneumocystis-associated inflammation. for 3 species, including pneumocystis jirovecii, which causes pneumocystis pneumonia in humans, pneumocystis carinii, and pneumocystis murina, β-1,3-glucans were masked in most organisms, as demonstra ... | 2016 | 27324243 |
| pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in the non-hiv-infected population. | summarize data on the pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention options for non-aids immunocompromised patients who have pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (pjp); review the epidemiology of patients presenting with pjp; and discuss the first and second-line pharmacological options for treatment and prophylaxis of pjp in this population. | 2016 | 27242349 |
| synthetic p55 tandem dna vaccine against pneumocystis carinii in rats. | pneumocystis spp. are opportunistic fungal pathogens that are closely associated with severe pneumonia and pulmonary complications in patients with impaired immunity. in this study, the antigenic epitopes of the gene encoding the 55 kda antigen fragment of pneumocystis (p55), which may play an important role in pneumocystis pneumonia, were analyzed. a gene containing tandem variants of the p55 antigen was synthesized and named the tandem antigen gene (tag). tag's potential as a dna vaccine was a ... | 2016 | 27185490 |
| establishment of a quantitative real-time pcr for the detection of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. suis in bronchoalveolar lavage samples from pigs. | respiratory diseases in pigs are mostly polymicrobial, and the involved pathogens can vary from farm to farm. the impact of pneumocystis carinii (p. c.) f. sp. suis on respiratory disorders has not been comprehensively appraised because tests were limited to lung tissue samples and, for this reason, it was not possible to detect the fungus in living animals. in the present study, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) from 12 pigs and oral fluid samples from 9 pigs were tested for the presence of p ... | 2016 | 27026107 |
| pentamidine in pneumocystis jirovecii prophylaxis in heart transplant recipients. | despite advances in transplantation techniques and the quality of post-transplantation care, opportunistic infections remain an important cause of complications. pneumocystis jirovecii (p. jirovecii) is an opportunistic organism, represents an important cause of infections in heart transplantation patients. almost 2% to 10% of patients undergoing cardiac transplantation have pneumocystis pneumonia. prophylaxis is essential after surgery. various prophylaxis regimes had been defined in past and h ... | 2016 | 27011917 |
| increased dosage of infliximab is a potential cause of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occasionally appears in immunodeficient patients. while several reports have shown that pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occurred in the early phase of starting infliximab treatment in patients with crohn's disease (cd), the present case suggests for the first time that an increased dosage of infliximab may also lead to pneumonia. | 2016 | 26839596 |
| quantification of co-trimoxazole in serum and plasma using ms/ms. | co-trimoxazole is frequently used in the prophylaxis and treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. high plasma concentrations of sulfamethoxazole or trimethoprim are correlated with toxicity. there is, however, a large variation in pk observed which can lead to underexposure or toxicity. | 2015 | 26566213 |
| relationship between pneumocystis carinii burden and the degree of host immunosuppression in an airborne transmission experimental model. | to quantitatively assess the risk of contamination by pneumocystis depending on the degree of immunosuppression (id) of the exposed rat hosts, we developed an animal model, where rats went through different doses of dexamethasone. then, natural and aerial transmission of pneumocystis carinii occurred during cohousing of the rats undergoing gradual id levels (receivers) with nude rats developing pneumocystosis (seeders). following contact between receiver and seeder rats, the p. carinii burden of ... | 2016 | 26509699 |
| antibiotics for preventing lower respiratory tract infections in high-risk children aged 12 years and under. | lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) in young children account for 1.4 million deaths annually worldwide. antibiotics could be beneficial in preventing lrtis in high-risk children, and may also help prevent school absenteeism and work days missed by children and/or carers. while it is well documented that the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis for rtis decreases over time, there are no reviews that describe the use of antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent lrtis in high-risk children aged 12 ye ... | 2015 | 26408070 |
| [establishment of animal model for pneumocystis carinii and study on etiological and molecular biological detection technology]. | to establish an animal model for pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp) and to study the etiological and molecular biological technology for pcp detection. | 2015 | 26263777 |
| evidence for a pneumocystis carinii flo8-like transcription factor: insights into organism adhesion. | pneumocystis carinii (pc) adhesion to alveolar epithelial cells is well established and is thought to be a prerequisite for the initiation of pneumocystis pneumonia. pc binding events occur in part through the major pc surface glycoprotein msg, as well as an integrin-like molecule termed pcint1. recent data from the pc sequencing project also demonstrate dna sequences homologous to other genes important in candida spp. binding to mammalian host cells, as well as organism binding to polystyrene s ... | 2016 | 26215665 |
| paediatric feather duvet hypersensitivity pneumonitis. | a previously well 12-year-old boy was admitted with a second insidious episode of dyspnoea, dry cough, anorexia, weight loss and chest pain. at admission, he had an oxygen requirement, significantly impaired lung function and reduced exercise tolerance. initial forced expiratory volume in 1 s was 26%; a 3 min exercise test stopped at 1 min 50 when saturations dropped to 85%. ct scan showed ground-glass nodularity with lymphadenopathy. bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) for pneumocystis carinii pneumon ... | 2015 | 26113584 |
| structure-activity correlations for three pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine antifolates binding to human and pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase. | to further define the interactions that enhance the selectivity of binding and to directly compare the binding of the most potent analogue {n(6)-methyl-n(6)-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4,6-triamine; compound 26} in the series of bicyclic pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine analogues of piritrexim (ptx) with native human (h), pneumocystis carinii (pc) and pneumocystis jirovecii (pj) dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) enzymes, the crystal structures of hdhfr complexed with n(6)-methyl-n(6)-(4 ... | 2015 | 26057816 |
| benefits of minimizing immunosuppressive dosage according to cytochrome p450 3a5 genotype in liver transplant patients: findings from a single-center study. | we evaluated the clinical efficacy of tailoring tacrolimus dosage to cytochrome p450 (cyp) 3a5 genotype in liver transplant patients. one hundred patients who received tacrolimus-based therapy were included in the retrospective study in which the relationship between the tacrolimus blood trough concentration/dosage ratio and the cyp3a5 genotype of both donors and recipients was determined. subsequently, 106 patients were continuously enrolled in a prospective study and followed-up for 6 months; ... | 2015 | 25966085 |
| apical pneumocystis jiroveci as an aids defining illness: a case report illustrating a change in the paradigm. | pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia is a common acquired immune deficiency syndrome defining illness. pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia is classically described as having symmetrical bilateral perihilar ground-glass opacities on chest radiographs. we present an "atypical" case of pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia presenting as symmetric biapical cystic spaces with relative sparing of the remainder of the lungs in a 22 year-old male, previously undiagnosed with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. our ca ... | 2014 | 25926907 |
| evidence for proinflammatory β-1,6 glucans in the pneumocystis carinii cell wall. | inflammation is a major cause of respiratory impairment during pneumocystis pneumonia. studies support a significant role for cell wall β-glucans in stimulating inflammatory responses. fungal β-glucans are comprised of d-glucose homopolymers containing β-1,3-linked glucose backbones with β-1,6-linked glucose side chains. prior studies in pneumocystis carinii have characterized β-1,3 glucan components of the organism. however, recent investigations in other organisms support important roles for β ... | 2015 | 25916991 |
| probing the relationship between anti-pneumocystis carinii activity and dna binding of bisamidines by molecular dynamics simulations. | the anti-pneumocystis carinii activity of 13 synthetic pentamidine analogs was analyzed. the experimental differences in melting points of dna dodecamer 5'-(cgcgaattcgcg)2-3' complexes (δtm), and in the biological activity measured using atp bioluminescence assay (ic50) together with the theoretical free energy of dna-ligand binding estimated by the proposed computational protocol, showed that the experimental activity of the tested pentamidines appeared to be due to the binding to the dna minor ... | 2015 | 25854757 |
| common variable immune deficiency in a pomeranian with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | a pomeranian dog, 1 year- and 8 month-old neutered female, was presented with persistent respiratory distress and recurrent generalized demodicosis. physical examination revealed cyanosis, rough respiratory sounds, multifocal alopecia and dermal erosions on the dorsal side of the forelimbs, perineal area and skin around the eyes. a severe diffuse interstitial lung pattern was observed on thoracic radiographs. the blood examination revealed neutrophilia and hypoglobulinemia. serum immunoglobulin ... | 2015 | 25715954 |
| intravenous pentamidine for pneumocystis carinii/jiroveci pneumonia prophylaxis in pediatric transplant patients. | smx/tmp is the current gold standard for prophylaxis against pcp in immunocompromised pediatric patients. currently, there are several second-line options for prophylaxis but many, including intravenous (iv) pentamidine, have not been reported to be as effective or as safe as smx/tmp in the pediatric transplant population. this study is to determine the efficacy and safety of iv pentamidine in preventing pcp in pediatric transplant patients. a retrospective chart review was conducted to evaluate ... | 2015 | 25712369 |
| functional characterization of the pneumocystis jirovecii potential drug targets dhfs and abz2 involved in folate biosynthesis. | pneumocystis species are fungal parasites colonizing mammal lungs with strict host specificity. pneumocystis jirovecii is the human-specific species and can turn into an opportunistic pathogen causing severe pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals. this disease is currently the second most frequent life-threatening invasive fungal infection worldwide. the most efficient drug, cotrimoxazole, presents serious side effects, and resistance to this drug is emerging. the search for new targets for ... | 2015 | 25691634 |
| the impact of rituximab in abo-incompatible pediatric living donor liver transplantation: the experience of a single center. | previous studies have demonstrated the safety of abo-incompatible pediatric ldlt using preoperative plasmapheresis and rituximab; however, no reports have described the timing and dosage of rituximab administration for pediatric ldlt. this study aimed to describe a safe and effective dosage and timing of rituximab for patients undergoing pediatric abo-incompatible ldlt based on the experience of our single center. a total of 192 ldlts in 187 patients were examined. these cases included 29 abo-in ... | 2015 | 25689881 |
| development of novel chitosan microcapsules for pulmonary delivery of dapsone: characterization, aerosol performance, and in vivo toxicity evaluation. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a major opportunistic infection that affects patients with human immunodeficiency virus. although orally administered dapsone leads to high hepatic metabolism, decreasing the therapeutic index and causing severe side effects, this drug is an effective alternative for the treatment of pcp. in this context, microencapsulation for pulmonary administration can offer an alternative to increase the bioavailability of dapsone, reducing its adverse effects. the ai ... | 2015 | 25652730 |
| risk factors for mortality from acute lower respiratory infections (alri) in children under five years of age in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. | to evaluate risk factors for death from acute lower respiratory infections (alri) in children in low- and middle-income countries. | 2015 | 25635911 |
| comparative genomics suggests primary homothallism of pneumocystis species. | pneumocystis species are fungal parasites of mammal lungs showing host specificity. pneumocystis jirovecii colonizes humans and causes severe pneumonia in immunosuppressed individuals. in the absence of in vitro cultures, the life cycle of these fungi remains poorly known. sexual reproduction probably occurs, but the system of this process and the mating type (mat) genes involved are not characterized. in the present study, we used comparative genomics to investigate the issue in p. jirovecii an ... | 2015 | 25587012 |
| diffuse alveolar hemorrhage after erlotinib combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in a patient with esophageal carcinoma. | diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (dah) is a life-threatening clinical pathologic syndrome caused by a variety of diseases. we report a case of dah related to combination therapy of chemoradiotherapy and erlotinib. as to know, dah following chemoradiotherapy was only reported among hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with hematologic malignancies till now. dah associated with chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal carcinoma has not been reported. this is the first dah report on erlotinib-combined ... | 2014 | 25550975 |
| consensus guidelines for diagnosis, prophylaxis and management of pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with haematological and solid malignancies, 2014. | pneumocystis jirovecii infection (pjp) is a common cause of pneumonia in patients with cancer-related immunosuppression. there are well-defined patients who are at risk of pjp due to the status of their underlying malignancy, treatment-related immunosuppression and/or concomitant use of corticosteroids. prophylaxis is highly effective and should be given to all patients at moderate to high risk of pjp. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is the drug of choice for prophylaxis and treatment, although se ... | 2014 | 25482745 |
| complementation of a manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase-deficient yeast strain with pneumocystis carinii sod2 gene. | manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (mnsod) is one of the key enzymes involved in the cellular defense against oxidative stress. previously, the pneumocystis carinii sod2 gene (pcsod2) was isolated and characterized. based on protein sequence comparison, pcsod2 was suggested to encode a putative mnsod protein likely to be targeted into the mitochondrion. in this work, the pcsod2 was cloned and expressed as a recombinant protein in eg110 saccharomyces cerevisiae strain lacking the mnsod-codi ... | 2014 | 25442292 |
| efficacy of caspofungin, a 1,3-β-d-glucan synthase inhibitor, on pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in rats. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a common and potentially fatal opportunistic infection in immunosuppressed patients, and the standard trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) treatment has serious side effects. the cell wall of the causative fungal pathogen is enriched in 1-3-β-d-glucan, providing an alternative therapeutic target. we directly compared the efficacy of the 1,3-β-d-glucan synthase inhibitor caspofungin to tmp-smz for promoting survival and reducing lung cyst number during t ... | 2014 | 25288652 |
| multicentric castleman's disease and kaposi's sarcoma in a hiv-positive patient on highly active antiretroviral therapy. | castleman's disease is a group of rare lymphoproliferative disorders. the plasmablastic multicentric castleman's disease is frequently discovered in hiv-infected individuals in association with kaposi sarcoma (hhv-8). thirty-five year old male presented to our care with the main compliant of severe back pain for one week. his past medical problems include acquired immune deficiency syndrome diagnosed 12 years prior and kaposi sarcoma, currently on highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart). ra ... | 2014 | 25276327 |
| sterols of saccharomyces cerevisiae erg6 knockout mutant expressing the pneumocystis carinii s-adenosylmethionine:sterol c-24 methyltransferase. | the aids-associated lung pathogen pneumocystis is classified as a fungus although pneumocystis has several distinct features such as the absence of ergosterol, the major sterol of most fungi. the pneumocystis carinii s-adenosylmethionine:sterol c24-methyltransferase (sam:smt) enzyme, coded by the erg6 gene, transfers either one or two methyl groups to the c-24 position of the sterol side chain producing both c28 and c29 24-alkylsterols in approximately the same proportions, whereas most fungal s ... | 2016 | 25230683 |
| extra-pulmonary pneumocystis jiroveci infection: a case report. | in physical examination abdominal tenderness, gate disturbance and penile herpetic lesions were detected. decreased disc height at t11-t12 level was detected in chest x-ray. abdominal sonography and ct scan revealed hypo dense lesions in lt left lobe of liver and multiple hypo dense splenic and pancreatic lesions, ascitis, lt left sided pleural effusion, thickening of jejuneal mucosa and edema of bowel wall. vertebral body lesion and paravertebral abscess, bony calvarial involvement and adjacent ... | 2016 | 25051280 |
| a genetic approach for analyzing the co-operative function of the trna mimicry complex, erf1/erf3, in translation termination on the ribosome. | during termination of translation in eukaryotes, a gtp-binding protein, erf3, functions within a complex with the trna-mimicking protein, erf1, to decode stop codons. it remains unclear how the trna-mimicking protein co-operates with the gtpase and with the functional sites on the ribosome. in order to elucidate the molecular characteristics of trna-mimicking proteins involved in stop codon decoding, we have devised a heterologous genetic system in saccharomyces cerevisiae. we found that erf3 fr ... | 2014 | 24914055 |
| in vitro screening of pentamidine analogs against bacterial and fungal strains. | a series of linear pentamidine analogs exhibiting low cytotoxicity, active against pneumocystis carinii, were evaluated for in vitro activities against bacterial and fungal strains. the majority of the tested bis-amidines exhibited marked activities against gram-positive strains. in view of the fact that the highest potency was found for 1,5-bis(4-amidinophenoxy)-3-thiapentane dihydrochloride 1j with the s atom in the middle of the aliphatic linker, four new pentamidines bearing s atoms were syn ... | 2014 | 24830598 |
| pneumocystis jirovecii rtt109, a novel drug target for pneumocystis pneumonia in immunosuppressed humans. | pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. in humans, pcp is caused by the opportunistic fungal species pneumocystis jirovecii. progress in pneumocystis research has been hampered by a lack of viable in vitro culture methods, which limits laboratory access to human-derived organisms for drug testing. consequently, most basic drug discovery research for p. jirovecii is performed using related surrogate organisms such as pneumocyst ... | 2014 | 24733475 |
| therapeutic efficacies of chitosan against pneumocystis pneumonia of immunosuppressed rat. | this study was designed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of chitosan on pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp) in immunosuppressed rats. the pcp rat model was established using intramuscular injections of dexamethasone sodium phosphate. to estimate treatment effects of chitosan on rat pcp, weight gain, lung weight, lung weight/body weight (lw/bw) ratio and per cent survival were measured and the hsp70 mrna expression of pneumocystis carinii was detected using real-time pcr analysis. rat lung tissue ... | 2014 | 24702055 |
| adjunctive glucocorticoid therapy for non-hiv-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (nh-pcp). | | 2014 | 24666835 |
| single-center experience with extracorporeal photopheresis in pediatric heart transplantation. | the pediatric heart transplant literature contains little information regarding extracorporeal photopheresis (ecp), despite international society for heart and lung transplantation guidelines recommending it for recurrent/recalcitrant rejection. we report our experience with ecp in pediatric heart transplantation. | 2014 | 24661684 |
| successful outpatient graded administration of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in patients without hiv and with a history of sulfonamide adverse drug reaction. | the outcomes of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) desensitization have been widely reported in the hiv literature but less so in the non-hiv literature. | 2015 | 24565769 |
| ayurvedic medicine and the lung. | a middle-aged indian woman with knee pain had consumed ayurvedic medicine (ostolief and arthrella tablets) daily for 6 months. she presented to the respiratory clinic with worsening dyspnea, cough and weight loss of 2 months' duration. she was a homemaker, never-smoker and did not keep birds. physical examination detected fine end-inspiratory crackles. there was no clubbing of the fingers, joint deformity or swelling, skin lesion or enlarged cervical lymphadenopathy. high-resolution computed tom ... | 2014 | 24557005 |
| [clinical characteristics of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children with systemic lupus erythematosus]. | to identify the risk factors which will indicate the pneumocystis carinii (pc) infection in children with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) and investigate the clinical features and to elevate the level to find out the high-risk patients and make early diagnosis and treatment. | 2013 | 24495763 |
| proceedings of the 2013 national toxicology program satellite symposium. | the 2013 annual national toxicology program (ntp) satellite symposium, entitled "pathology potpourri," was held in portland, oregon, in advance of the society of toxicologic pathology's 32nd annual meeting. the goal of the ntp symposium is to present current diagnostic pathology or nomenclature issues to the toxicologic pathology community. this article presents summaries of the speakers' presentations, including diagnostic or nomenclature issues that were presented, along with select images tha ... | 2014 | 24334674 |
| pcp: thinking beyond hiv. | a 40-year-old man with a previous aids-defining opportunistic infection and five negative hiv tests presented to our outpatient clinic. the laboratory test was relevant for less than 300 total lymphocytes on two separate occasions. he was diagnosed with idiopathic cd4 lymphocytopenia and was started on antibiotic prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and micobacterium avium-intracellulare infection (mai). this case report summarises the importance of further immunological characterisati ... | 2013 | 24311427 |
| diamidines versus monoamidines as anti-pneumocystis agents: an in vivo study. | some compounds articulated around a piperazine or an ethylenediamine linker have been evaluated in vitro to determine their activity in the presence of a 3t6 fibroblast cell line and an axenic culture of pneumocystis carinii, respectively. the most efficient antifungal derivatives, namely n,n'-bis(benzamidine-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diamine (compound 6, a diamidine) and n-(benzamidine-4-yl)-n'-phenylethane-1,2-diamine (compound 7, a monoamidine), exhibited no cytotoxicity and were evaluated in vivo in a ... | 2013 | 24276317 |
| growth and airborne transmission of cell-sorted life cycle stages of pneumocystis carinii. | pneumocystis organisms are airborne opportunistic pathogens that cannot be continuously grown in culture. consequently, the follow-up of pneumocystis stage-to-stage differentiation, the sequence of their multiplication processes as well as formal identification of the transmitted form have remained elusive. the successful high-speed cell sorting of trophic and cystic forms is paving the way for the elucidation of the complex pneumocystis life cycle. the growth of each sorted pneumocystis stage p ... | 2013 | 24223207 |
| clinical outcomes of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in adult liver transplant recipients. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is an opportunistic infection associated with morbidity and mortality in solid-organ transplant recipients. we retrospectively assessed the characteristics and outcomes of liver transplant (olt) recipients with pcp compared with those of patients with severe non-p carinii pneumonia (non-pcp) who required intensive care with mechanical ventilation. | 2013 | 24157035 |
| first heart transplantation in a small child in romania. | heart transplantation is a life-saving procedure for irreducible heart failure in children as in adults. worldwide there is a great amount of experience with this procedure, while romania is only at the beginning. the authors are presenting the experience concerning the first small child heart transplantation in romania, underlining the pre-operative and posttransplantation experience. the patient, a 3 year-old girl, diagnosed with class iv nyha functional classification congestive heart failure ... | 2013 | 23958101 |
| evidence of airborne excretion of pneumocystis carinii during infection in immunocompetent rats. lung involvement and antibody response. | to better understand the role of immunocompetent hosts in the diffusion of pneumocystis in the environment, airborne shedding of pneumocystis carinii in the surrounding air of experimentally infected sprague dawley rats was quantified by means of a real-time pcr assay, in parallel with the kinetics of p. carinii loads in lungs and specific serum antibody titres. pneumocystis-free sprague dawley rats were intratracheally inoculated at day 0 (d0) and then followed for 60 days. p. carinii dna was d ... | 2013 | 23626781 |
| characterization of the pneumocystis carinii histone acetyltransferase chaperone proteins pcasf1 and pcvps75. | rtt109 is a lysine acetyltransferase that acetylates histone h3 at lysine 56 (h3k56) in fungi. this acetylation event is important for proper dna replication and repair to occur. efficient rtt109 acetyltransferase activity also requires a histone chaperone, vacuolar protein sorting 75 (vps75), as well as the major chaperone of the h3-h4 dimer, anti-silencing factor 1 (asf1). little is known about the role of these proteins in the opportunistic fungal pathogen pneumocystis carinii. to investigate ... | 2013 | 23569117 |
| kinetic and structural analysis for potent antifolate inhibition of pneumocystis jirovecii, pneumocystis carinii, and human dihydrofolate reductases and their active-site variants. | a major concern of immunocompromised patients, in particular those with aids, is susceptibility to infection caused by opportunistic pathogens such as pneumocystis jirovecii, which is a leading cause of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. we report the first kinetic and structural data for 2,4-diamino-6-[(2',5'-dichloro anilino)methyl]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine (oaag324), a potent inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) from p. jirovecii (pjdhfr), and also for trimethoprim (tmp) and methot ... | 2013 | 23545530 |
| a case of fatal idiopathic enteritis and multiple opportunistic infections associated with dendritic cell deficiencies. | we present a case of an adult patient with new-onset severe, idiopathic, protein-wasting enteropathy, in whom an extensive immunological workup was performed. we found a lack of dendritic cell (dc) subsets in the blood and bowel, as well as elevated circulating tgf-beta levels and decreased numbers of circulating foxp3+ regulatory t cells with diminished ctla4 expression. she failed to respond to glucocorticoids and infliximab, and instead developed a constellation of opportunistic infections, i ... | 2013 | 23539396 |
| intravenous pentamidine is safe and effective as primary pneumocystis pneumonia prophylaxis in children and adolescents undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a potentially life-threatening but preventable infection that may occur after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct). intravenous pentamidine has been used in the prevention of pcp in the post-transplant period, although there are few trials published in the literature evaluating its safety and efficacy. | 2013 | 23538522 |
| lung surfactant protein d (sp-d) response and regulation during acute and chronic lung injury. | surfactant protein d (sp-d) is a collection that plays important roles in modulating host defense functions and maintaining phospholipid homeostasis in the lung. the aim of current study was to characterize comparatively the sp-d response in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and serum in three murine models of lung injury, using a validated elisa technology for estimation of sp-d levels. | 2013 | 23435873 |
| a case of pneumocystis pneumonia associated with everolimus therapy for renal cell carcinoma. | a 76-year-old female with advanced renal cell carcinoma had been treated with everolimus for 3 months. she visited our hospital because of a cough and fever lasting a few days. chest x-rays showed bilateral infiltrative shadows, and a chest computed tomography scan showed homogeneous ground-glass opacities with mosaic patterns, especially in the apical region. the laboratory results revealed a decreased white blood cell count with lymphocytopenia and high levels of lactate dehydrogenase, c-react ... | 2013 | 23423809 |
| detection of pneumocystis in the nasal swabs of immune-suppressed rats by use of pcr and microscopy. | detection of pneumocystis jiroveci colonization in lungs or oral samples due to high sensitivity of pcr methods results in undue treatment of patients without any symptoms of pneumocystis pneumonia. the aim of the present study is to demonstrate pneumocystis carinii in rats, immune suppressed by oral and subcutaneous administration of dexamethasone. | 2013 | 23403744 |
| sequencing and characterization of the complete mitochondrial genomes of three pneumocystis species provide new insights into divergence between human and rodent pneumocystis. | pneumocystis jirovecii is an important opportunistic pathogen associated with aids and other immunodeficient conditions. currently, very little is known about its nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. in this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome (mtdna) of this organism and its closely related species pneumocystis carinii and pneumocystis murina by a combination of sequencing technologies. our study shows that p. carinii and p. murina mtdna share a nearly identical number and order ... | 2013 | 23392351 |
| [rituximab therapy for severe pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus]. | to analyze the safety and efficacy of anti-cd20 monoclonal antibody in treatment of severe pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (psle). | 2012 | 23158822 |
| molecular detection of pneumocystis jirovecii in patients with respiratory tract infections. | pneumocystis jirovecii, formerly known as p. carinii, is an opportunistic fungus causing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia especially in immunocompromised patients. | 2012 | 23112970 |
| 50 years ago in the journal of pediatrics: pulmonary pneumocystis carinii infection. | | 2012 | 23095690 |
| pneumocystis carinii (jirovecii) pneumonia (pcp): the most common opportunistic infection observed in hiv/aids cases at the university malaya medical centre, kuala lumpur, malaysia. | this retrospective study was conducted among 59 hiv/aids patients with opportunistic infections admitted to the university malaya medical centre between 2000 and 2009. fifty-five point nine percent of cases were chinese, 25.4% were malays, 11.9% were indians and 6.8% were of unknown ethnic origin. the male:female ratio was 2.9:1 (44 males and 15 females). the highest prevalence (38.9%) occurred in the 30-39 year old age group. men comprised 47.7% and women 53.3%; the majority of both were marrie ... | 2012 | 23077803 |
| distal renal tubular acidosis in a child with hiv infection. | renal tubular acidosis (rta) is not uncommon in hiv-infected children with advanced disease, and has been described mainly due to nephrotoxic anti-retroviral therapy and in association with prophylaxis or treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with co-trimoxazole. we describe an 8-year-old boy, newly diagnosed to have hiv infection, who presented with distal rta. there were no features of chronic rta in the form of rickets or nephrocalcinosis, making an inherited form unlikely. | 2012 | 22982919 |
| analysis of current antifungal agents and their targets within the pneumocystis carinii genome. | pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp) remains a leading opportunistic infection in patients with weakened immune systems. the fungus causing the infection belongs to the genus, pneumocystis, and its members are found in a large variety of mammals. adaptation to the lung environment of a host with an intact immune system has been a key to its successful survival. unfortunately, the metabolic strategies used by these fungi to grow and survive in this context are largely unknown. there were considerable imp ... | 2012 | 22934582 |
| study of the epidemiology of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. suis in abattoir swine in portugal. | pneumocystis has been identified in various mammalian species, including domestic, wild and zoo animals. this study's main objectives were: (1) to estimate the prevalence of the pneumocystis carinii f. sp. suis infection in slaughtered pigs in portugal, (2) assess the prevalence differences within distinct age groups of animals, (3) determine the possible associations between pulmonary lesions and the infection, and (4) genetically characterize the p. carinii f. sp. suis isolates recovered from ... | 2013 | 22852751 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in gastric cancer patients without acquired immune deficiency syndrome: 3 cases report and literature review. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) has rarely been reported in solid tumor patients. it is a well-known complication in immunosuppressed states including acquired immune deficiency syndrome and hematologic malignancy. pcp has been reported in solid tumor patients who received long-term steroid treatment due to brain or spinal cord metastases. we found 3 gastric cancer patients with pcp, who received only dexamethasone as an antiemetic during chemotherapy. the duration and cumulative dose of de ... | 2012 | 22792534 |
| prospective study of bevacizumab plus temozolomide in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors. | both tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) receptor and bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting vegf, have antitumor activity in neuroendocrine tumors (nets). temozolomide, an oral analog of dacarbazine, also has activity against nets when administered alone or in combination with other agents. we performed a phase ii study to evaluate the efficacy of temozolomide in combination with bevacizumab in patients with locally advanced or metastatic net ... | 2012 | 22778320 |
| pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia 13 years post renal transplant following a recurrent cytomegalovirus infection. | pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly pneumocystis carinii) pneumonia (pcp) is a rare but serious infection that usually occurs within a year after solid organ transplantation. pcp may occur after 1 year post transplantation, but the rate is reported to be very low. studies have shown an association between cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection in solid organ transplant patients and an increased risk of opportunistic infection. this increased risk is thought to be a result of the immunomodulatory effects o ... | 2012 | 22551151 |
| chitinases in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis pneumonia remains an important complication of immune suppression. the cell wall of pneumocystis has been demonstrated to potently stimulate host inflammatory responses, with most studies focusing on β-glucan components of the pneumocystis cell wall. in the current study, we have elaborated the potential role of chitins and chitinases in pneumocystis pneumonia. we demonstrated differential host mammalian chitinase expression during pneumocystis pneumonia. we further characterized a ... | 2012 | 22535444 |
| comfa/comsia 3d-qsar of pyrimidine inhibitors of pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase. | pneumocystis carinii is typically a non-pathogenic fungus found in the respiratory tract of healthy humans. however, it may cause p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) in people with immune deficiency, affecting mainly premature babies, cancer patients and transplant recipients, and people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). in the latter group, pcp occurs in approximately 80% of patients, a major cause of death. currently, there are many available therapies to treat pcp patients, including p. ... | 2012 | 22527273 |
| structural analysis of pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase complexed with nadph and 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(5-carboxypent-1-yn-1-yl)-5-methoxybenzyl]-5-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine. | structural data are reported for 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(5-carboxypent-1-yn-1-yl)-5-methoxybenzyl]-5-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine (py1014) complexed with pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase (pcdhfr) refined to 1.8 å resolution. these data reveal that the carboxylate of the ω-carboxyalkynyl side chain of py1014, the most pcdhfr-selective analog in this series, forms ionic interactions with the conserved arg75 in the substrate-binding pocket of pcdhfr. the reversal of the 2',5'-substitution pa ... | 2012 | 22505410 |
| primary alveolar epithelial cell surface membrane microdomain function is required for pneumocystis β-glucan-induced inflammatory responses. | intense lung inflammation characterizes respiratory failure associated with pneumocystis pneumonia. our laboratory has previously demonstrated that alveolar epithelial cells (aecs) elaborate inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in response to the pneumocystis carinii cell wall constituent β-(1→3)-glucan (pcbg), and that these responses require lactosylceramide, a prominent glycosphingolipid constituent of certain cell membrane microdomains. the relevance of membrane microdomains, also termed pl ... | 2012 | 22334619 |
| ribozyme-mediated trans insertion-splicing into target rnas. | the trans insertion-splicing (tis) reaction is a technique that can be used to site-specifically insert an rna donor substrate into a separate rna acceptor substrate. the tis reaction, which is catalyzed by a group i intron-derived ribozyme from pneumocystis carinii, is described with regards to system design, ribozyme preparation, and the overall protocol for conducting the tis reaction. | 2012 | 22315082 |
| pneumocystis carinii causes a distinctive interstitial pneumonia in immunocompetent laboratory rats that had been attributed to "rat respiratory virus". | a prevalent and distinctive infectious interstitial pneumonia (iip) of immunocompetent laboratory rats was suspected to be caused by a putative virus, termed rat respiratory virus, but this was never substantiated. to study this disease, 2 isolators were independently populated with rats from colonies with endemic disease, which was perpetuated by the regular addition of naive rats. after pneumocystis was demonstrated by histopathology and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in the lungs of rats fro ... | 2012 | 22308234 |
| absolute lymphocyte count as a predictor of pneumocystis pneumonia in patients previously unknown to have hiv. | this is a retrospective review of patients admitted to an inner city community hospital with community-acquired pneumonia who were ultimately diagnosed with aids and pneumocystis. absolute lymphocyte count in our hospital is available immediately. in contrast, it can take 48 hours or longer to obtain more specific cd-4 counts and aids enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) serology. the association of lymphopenia with ultimate diagnosis of aids and pneumocystis supports immediate empiric trea ... | 2012 | 23882358 |
| [changes of superoxide dismutase and lipid peroxide in rats with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | sprague-dawley (sd) rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was established by groin subcutaneous injection with dexamethasone sodium phosphate 35 mg each twice a week for eight weeks. there were two groups: infected group (eighteen rats) and normal control group (six rats) . pathological changes in lung tissues were observed in the lung imprint after staining with gomori methenamine silver (gms) and in tissue sections after staining with hematoxylin-eosin (he). the activity of superox ... | 2011 | 24830202 |
| mode of detection of hiv infection - a retrospective study of 612 cases. | trends in mode of detection of hiv infection in the armed forces required to be analyzed to formulate future strategies for early detection. | 2005 | 27407763 |
| cyclosporin-a ameliorated interstitial pneumonitis in a patient with amyopathic dermatomyositis. | abstract a 40-year-old woman with amyopathic dermatomyositis (adm) developed acute pneumonitis. despite pulse methylprednisolone therapy, the pneumonitis worsened. we therefore initiated cyclosporin-a (cy-a) therapy with success, although pneumocystis carinii (pc) pneumonia occurred. coexistence of dermatomyositis (dm)-related pneumonitis and pc pneumonia was diagnosed by means of chest x-ray findings, kl-6, and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for pc. we thus continued cy-a therapy to ameliorate ... | 2002 | 24384004 |
| the frequency of pneumocystis carinii in patients with haematologic malignancies and pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii) is an organism which was previously considered as a protozoan but recently it was shown to be more related to fungi. p. carinii increasingly causes opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. in this study, we detected p. carinii oocysts by indirect immunofluorescence test in 33 specimens obtained from 31 patients with haematological malignancies who had symptoms of pneumonia and investigated probable risk factors (corticosteroid usage, neutropenia d ... | 2001 | 27264069 |
| 2'-chlorodeoxyadenosine effectively induces complete remission in hairy cell leukaemia. | hairy cell leukaemia, previously known as leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis, is an indolent lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown etiology. it typically affects males, causes marked splenomegaly and moderate enlargement of the liver, whilst lymphadenopathy is inconspicuous. pancytopenia is characteristic with unusually profound monocytopenia, variable reduction in platelets, and the presence in the peripheral blood and marrow of abnormal small lymphocytes having irregular cytoplasmic margins. ul ... | 1999 | 27426844 |
| partial inhibition of platelet aggregation by nebulized pentamidine in severe haemophiliacs. | the antiparasite agent pentamidine has been shown to inhibit human platelet aggregation in vitro at concentrations that (potentially) may be attained in patient plasma after the administration of the drug by nebulizer. we measured platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma (prp) before and after the administration of 300 mg nebulized pentamidine to 10 hiv-positive patients with severe haemophilia on prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. all patients had normal platelet counts. pa ... | 1997 | 27214616 |
| pcp pneumonia with bilateral pneumothoraces in a haemophiliac with factor viii inhibitors. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) infection is a well-recognized feature of advanced hiv infection in all risk groups. this serious opportunistic parasitic infection is almost invariably fatal if left untreated. when associated with bilateral pneumo-thoraces in a patient with severe haemophilia a and factor viii inhibitors, it poses a critical management problem and can be life-threatening. we report the case of a young man with severe haemophilia a with factor viii inhibitors presenting with ... | 1995 | 27214542 |
| prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: its impact on the natural history of hiv infection in men with haemophilia. | it has been suggested that the range of aids-defining conditions witnessed in patients with hiv infection has changed since the early years of the hiv epidemic. in this paper we consider the range of aids-defining conditions in a cohort of 111 hiv-positive men with haemophilia registered at the royal free hospital haemophilia centre. in particular we assess whether the incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) has changed over time. the men were all infected between 1979 and 1985 after t ... | 1995 | 27214220 |
| identification and initial characterization of pneumocystis carinii soluble antigens in rabbit serum and lung lavage. | lung lavage and serum samples from azathioprin-treated (acute-phase infection) and untreated (non acute-phase infection) rabbits were used in the immunoblotting technique to look for pneumocystis carinii (pc) soluble antigens, using rabbit polyclonal antibodies raised against rabbit-derived pc antigens and labeled with peroxidase. analysis of the supernatant of lavage fluid after centrifugation to sediment intact organisms revealed components of approximately 80, 60-65, 55, 39 and 27 kda in acut ... | 1993 | 23195548 |
| an ulcerated plaque in a gay man. | a 28-year-old homosexual man presented to our outpatient department with a solitary 2.0 × 1.5-cm ulcerated nodule on the forehead that had been present for 4 months (fig 1). he denied any systemic symptoms such as weight loss, fevers, headaches, or visual disturbances. on examination, the nodule appeared translucent and clinically resembled a basal cell carcinoma with superficial telangiectases and rolled edges. his history included inflammatory bowel disease, anal condyloma, intravenous drug ab ... | 1993 | 27081776 |
| analysis of pneumocystis carinii antigens by ciep, sds-page and immunoblotting. | pneumocystis carinii (pc) from rabbit and rat lungs were analyzed by counterimmunoelectro-phoresis (ciep), polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. in ciep, considerable cross-reactivity was demonstrated using rabbit polyclonal antisera raised against the rabbit and the rat-derived pc components. in immunoblotting, both the rat and the rabbit pc antigens also showed reactivity with the two antisera. rabbit-derived pc antigens of about 24-27,39,42-45, 55, 110 and 116 kda were reveal ... | 1992 | 23195346 |
| pneumocystis carinii: a review of an important opportunistic pathogen in aids. | since the first report of human infection with pneumocystis carinii in 1942, cases of pneumonia due to this opportunistic pathogen have become increasingly common. animal studies and clinical observations show that a significant depletion or dysfunction of t helper lymphocytes predisposes to clinical disease. individuals with damaged t helper cells secondary to malignancies (eg, hodgkin's lymphoma), drugs (eg, cyclosporine, steroids), or certain infections (eg, human immunodeficiency virus) are ... | 1991 | 22451747 |
| pneumocystis carinii choroiditis in patients receiving inhaled pentamidine. | | 1990 | 2314433 |
| congenital acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia in down's syndrome. | the case of a newborn with down's syndrome and congenital leukaemia is reported. the malignant white blood cells displayed the cd41 antigen (glycoprotein ilb/iiia) identified by monoclonal antibodies hp1-ld and fmc24 and the cd9/p24 antigen identified by monoclonal antibody fmc27. the number of cells in s-phase was 14%, as assessed by the incorporation of 5-bromo 2-deoxyuridine. no other chromosomal abnormalities were identified in addition to 47 xy + 21. the patient died 15 days after the diagn ... | 1990 | 27456581 |
| lymphotoxin production in aids. | the etiological agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), lymphadenopathy-associated virus/human t-lymphotropic virus iii (lav/htlv-iii), infects the okt4(+) subset of t cells and causes their death. in this article nancy ruddle proposes that the trans acting protein of lav/htlv-iii kills cells by inducing them to make a cellular cytotoxic protein, lymphotoxin, which in abnormally high quantities results in the cells' self-destruction. lymphotoxin may even become serum detectable. ... | 1986 | 25291416 |
| [pulmonary pneumocystosis. interstitial pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii; interstitial plasma cell pneumonia]. | | 1965 | 24547597 |
| [interstitial plasma cell pneumonia. ii. parasitological research of pneumocystis carinii]. | | 1956 | 13379801 |
| [morphology of a parasite (pneumocystis carinii), probable etiologic agent of a particular pulmonary pathology in the immature (newborn)]. | | 1955 | 13269533 |
| pulmonary aspergillosis as opportunistic mycoses in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: report from a tertiary care hospital in north india. | the incidence of pulmonary aspergillosis in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected persons is rising. this study was designed to determine the prevalence of pulmonary aspergillosis in a cohort of hiv-positive patients (n = 71) presenting with lower respiratory tract infection at a tertiary care medical center in india. | 2017 | 28539863 |
| treatment of pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients: a review. | pneumocystis pneumonia is a potentially life-threatening pulmonary infection that occurs in immunocompromised individuals and hiv-infected patients with a low cd4 cell count. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole has been used as the first-line agent for treatment, but mutations within dihydropteroate synthase gene render potential resistance to sulfamide. despite advances of combination antiretroviral therapy (cart), pneumocystis pneumonia continues to occur in hiv-infected patients with late presentat ... | 2017 | 28782390 |
| in-patient mortality among plhiv: a 7-year hospital-based retrospective study in coastal south india. | with the wide usage of highly active antiretroviral therapy, the morbidity and mortality due to hiv have declined gradually. the aim of our study was to determine the cause of mortality among hiv-infected patients and the factors causing early death. | 2017 | 28555517 |