| cytotoxic effects of wheat gliadin-derived peptides. | the peptic-tryptic-cotazym (ptc) digest, obtained from bread wheat gliadin by simulating in vivo protein digestion, was more active than the ptc-digest of durum wheat gliadin in reversibly inhibiting hep-2 cell proliferation and in increasing cellular acid phosphatase. colony-forming ability of the cells was not affected by treatment with both bread or durum wheat gliadin peptides. the peptic-tryptic (pt) digest of bread wheat gliadin also showed agglutinating activity of hep-2 cells. | 1985 | 4071551 |
| relative efficiency of two mating systems and selection procedures for yield improvement in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the relative efficiences of the biparental mating systems and selfing series in connection with phenotypic and geno-phenotypic selection procedures were evaluated for yield improvement in a cross 'hp1102' x 'cpan 1681' of wheat. two selection cycles having a 4 per cent selection intensity for grain yield were carried out following both selection procedures under the two mating systems. following these selection procedures, a greater improvement for grain yield could be achieved with the biparent ... | 1985 | 24247346 |
| studies on the photoactivation of the water-oxidizing enzyme : i. processes limiting photoactivation in hydroxylamine-extracted leaf segments. | in weak yet optimal light intensity, complete photoactivation of the water-oxidizing enzyme in nh(2)oh-extracted wheat (triticum aestivum, var oasis) leaf segments could be obtained only after long dark preincubation. photoactivation was not affected by ethylenediaminetetraacetate or inhibitors of photophosphorylation and protein synthesis, but was partially inhibited by a divalent cation ionophore. complete photoactivation required ligation of approximately 4 mn by the water oxidizing enzyme.wi ... | 1985 | 16664491 |
| effect of frost hardening on lipid and fatty acid composition of chloroplast thylakoid membranes in two wheat varieties of contrasting hardiness. | lipid and fatty acid composition of chloroplast thylakoid membranes was determined in two varieties of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), the hardy miranovskaja and the sensitive penjamo. plants were grown at room temperature or under frost hardening conditions (1.5 degrees c). changes in lipid and fatty acid composition of the isolated thylakoids could be related to the temperature dependence of light-stimulated proton uptake. changes in the thylakoid phospholipids upon hardening of the two varietie ... | 1985 | 16664487 |
| em polypeptide and its messenger rna levels are modulated by abscisic acid during embryogenesis in wheat. | the effect of abscisic acid (aba) on the expression of the 'early-methionine-labeled' (em) polypeptide was examined in cultured, immature wheat (triticum aestivum, l.) embryos and in developing embryos in planta. a complementary dna (cdna) library was constructed from poly(a)-rich rna from immature embryos cultured in the presence of aba. aba-enhanced sequences were first identified by differential colony-blot hybridization, and then verified using rna slot-blot analysis. dot-blot hybridization ... | 1985 | 2932332 |
| the nucleotide sequence of a hmw glutenin subunit gene located on chromosome 1a of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | a cloned 8.2 kb ecori fragment has been isolated from a genomic library of dna derived from triticum aestivum l. cv. cheyenne. this fragment contains sequences related to the high molecular weight (hmw) subunits of glutenin, proteins considered to be important in determining the elastic properties of gluten. the cloned hmw subunit gene appears to be derived from chromosome 1a. the nucleotide sequence of this gene has provided new information on the structure and evolution of the hmw subunits. ho ... | 1985 | 2997729 |
| heat modification of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase by temperature pretreatment of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings. | the effect of low-, ambient- and high-temperature pretreatments (48 h at 4° c, 20° c or 36° c) of wheat seedlings (spring wheat triticum aestivum l., cv. kolibri) on the solubility properties of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubpcase; ec 4.1.1.39) was studied. the extractable protein moiety of heat-pretreated plants exhibited increased solubility in dilute buffer (50 mm k-phosphate, ph 6.8), compared with protein extracted from 4° c- or 20° c-plants. the salting-out characteri ... | 1985 | 24241320 |
| the membranes of slowly drought-stressed wheat seedlings: a freeze-fracture study. | seedlings of triticum aestivum l. cv. neepawa were slowly drought-stressed by witholding water after sowing in pots. leaf extension stopped during development of the third leaf. damage was assessed by rewatering the pots and measuring regrowth; 1-5 d after growth stopped, rewatering induced significant regrowth within several hours; 6-13 d after growth stopped, regrowth was delayed; from 14 d after growth stopped, no regrowth occurred after rewatering. leaf bases were excised from the drought-st ... | 1985 | 24241306 |
| changes in carbohydrate composition in wheat and pea seedlings induced by calcium deficiency. | wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv jubilar) seedlings were grown for 10 days in hydroponics with or without calcium. in the leaves, ca deficiency caused the level of ethanol soluble carbohydrate to increase between 2-and 10-fold, enhanced dark respiration and decreased co(2) fixation capacity. sucrose was the major carbohydrate to accumulate in wheat roots. | 1985 | 16664395 |
| importance of environmental ph during root development on phosphate absorption. | wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l. cv gamenya) were grown for 4 days in culture solutions of differing ph prior to studying their subsequent short-term absorption of (32)pi from solutions of the same or different ph.increasing ph of the absorption solution from 5.5 to 7.0 or 8.0 depressed (32)pi absorption from 1 and 10 micromolar pi but had little effect at 100 and 1000 micromolar pi. increasing the ph of the culture solution from 4.5 to 6.5 doubled or trebled subsequent (32)pi absorption fr ... | 1985 | 16664359 |
| determination of organic acids in seven wheat varieties by capillary gas chromatography. | fresh wheat tops were extracted with acidic 90% ethanol, and the ethanol was evaporated and a portion of the aqueous residue loaded onto deae-sephadex. organic acids were eluted with pyridinium formate and then lyophilized and the dried residue was derivatized with 1% trimethylchlorosilane in bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide. the acids were then quantitatively determined using capillary gas chromatography and identified using capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. the acidic ethano ... | 1985 | 4073499 |
| cytogenetic analysis of forms produced by crossing hexaploid triticale with common wheat. | hexaploid triticales were crossed with common wheats, and the resultant froms were selected for either triticale (ad 213/5-80) or common wheat (lines 381/80, 391/80, 393/80). the cytogenetic analysis showed that all forms differ in their chromosome composition. triticale ad 213/5-80 and wheat line 381/80 were stable forms with 2n = 6x = 42. lines 391/80 and 393/80 were cytologically unstable. in triticale ad 213/5-80, a 2r (2d) chromosome substitution was found. each of the three wheat lines had ... | 1985 | 24253064 |
| appearance of wheat-germ agglutinin during maturation of field-grown wheat. | field-grown wheat (triticum aestivum l.) has been used as a developmental system to study the appearance of wheat-germ agglutinin during grain maturation. the lectin appears at the mid-grain growth period (30-34 days post-anthesis) and continues to be synthesised throughout the late stages of maturation and desiccation. an acidic endopeptidase activity, inhibited by pepstatin-phenanthroline is present in extracts of embryo and endosperm throughout maturation. after in-vivo labelling of immature ... | 1985 | 24241143 |
| nitrogen metabolism in senescent flag leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in the light. | nitrogen metabolism was examined in senescent flag leaves of 90- to 93-day-old wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv yecora 70) plants. co(2) assimilation and the levels of protein, chlorophyll, and nitrogen in the leaves decreased with age. glutamine synthetase activity decreased to one-eighth of the level in young flag leaves. detached leaves were incubated (with the cut base) in (15)n-labeled nh(3), glutamate, or glycine in the light (1.8 millieinstein per square meter per second) at 25 degrees c in ... | 1985 | 16664324 |
| role of d-genome chromosomes in photosynthesis expression in wheats. | the role of d-genome chromosomes in the expression of net photosynthesis in wheats was analysed with the nullitetrasomic and ditelosomic lines of the bread wheat cultivar 'chinese spring'. the two arms of chromosome 3 d and the short arm of chromosome 6 d control major mechanisms of photosynthesis. the effect of chromosome 6 d can be thoroughly compensated by that of its homoeologues of genomes a or b, contrary to what can be observed for chromosome 3 d. chromosome 7 d is responsible for the low ... | 1985 | 24253914 |
| the effect of additions ofaegilops longissima chromosomes on grain protein in common wheat. | the effect of various chromosomes ofaegilops longissima when added to the common wheat cultivar 'chinese spring' was evaluated at two levels of nitrogen fertilization for absolute and relative amount of protein in the grain. all the added chromosomes ofae. longissima increased protein percentage: protein increase by chromosomes d, c and a averaged 3.8% while that by chromosomes f, e, g and b averaged 1.7%. addition lines f, d and c had a significantly higher protein weight per grain. on the othe ... | 1985 | 24253912 |
| meiotic pairing in hybrids between tetraploid triticale and related species: new elements concerning the chromosome constitution of tetraploid triticale. | two f5 strains of tetraploid triticale (2n= 4x=28), obtained from 6x triticalex2 rye progenies, were crossed with diploid and tetraploid rye, some durum and bread wheats, and various 8x and 6x triticale lines. meiosis in the different hybrid combinations was studied. the results showed that the haploid complement of these triticales consists of seven chromosomes from rye and seven chromosomes from wheat. high frequencies of pmcs showing trivalents were observed in hybrids involving the reference ... | 1985 | 24253010 |
| cell size and chloroplast size in relation to chloroplast replication in light-grown wheat leaves. | as part of an investigation into the control of chloroplast replication the number and size of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells was examined in relation to the size of the cells. in first leaves of triticum aestivum l. and t. monococcum l. the number of chloroplasts in fully expanded mesophyll cells is positively correlated with the plan area of the cells. the linear relationship between chloroplast number per cell and cell plan area is also consistent over a fivefold range of cell size in isogen ... | 1985 | 24240966 |
| effect of low temperature and calcium on survival and membrane properties of isolated winter wheat cells. | isolated cells obtained by enzymic digestion of young primary leaves of cold-hardened, dark-grown kharkov winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were exposed to various low temperature stresses. the initial uptake of (86)rb was generally decreased by increasing concentrations of ca(2+), but after longer periods of incubation, the inhibiting effect of high ca(2+) levels diminished. viability of isolated cells suspended in water declined rapidly when ice encased at -1 degrees c, while in the presence ... | 1985 | 16664270 |
| intrachromosomal mapping of crossability genes in wheat (triticum aestivum). | intrachromosomal mapping studies were used to locate the positions of the genes kr1 and kr2, which control the crossability of wheat with hordeum bulbosum, on chromosomes 5b and 5a, respectively. the location of kr1 was established using the telocentric mapping technique and found to be on the long arm of chromosome 5b, distal to the centromere with a mean recombination frequency of 44.8±3.28%. kr2 was located on the long arm of chromosome 5a by linkage with the major gene markers vrn1, controll ... | 1985 | 24252927 |
| factors affecting the induction of pollen plants of intergeneric hybrids of triticum aestivum x triticum-agropyron. | experimental results showed that the use of potato extract as a basic component of culture medium had a promoting effect on producing calli in anther culture of the intergeneric hybrids of triticum aestivum × triticum-agropyron (intermediate type). the induction frequencies of pollen callus on the potato-ii medium containing potato extract as the main component was much higher than that found on n6 and w5 media. the induction frequencies of pollen callus and green plantlets in four intergeneric ... | 1985 | 24252924 |
| the nadph-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase is the major protein constituent of prolamellar bodies in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | a fraction of highly purified prolamellar bodies was isolated from etioplasts of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. starke ii, weibull), as previously described by ryberg and sundqvist (1982, physiol. plant., 56, 125-132). studies on the protein composition revealed that only one major polypeptide of an apparent molecular weight of 36000 is present in the fraction of prolamellar bodies. this polypeptide was identified as the nadph-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase. the highest specific activity of ... | 1985 | 24249610 |
| the influence of temperature on chromosome elimination during embryo development in crosses involving hordeum spp., wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and rye (secale cereale l.). | several interspecific and intergeneric crosses involving five hordeum species, triticum aestivum and secale cereale were carried out to investigate the influence of two contrasting temperatures on chromosome elimination during embryo development. in four of the interspecific hordeum crosses, chromosome elimination was significantly increased at the higher of the two temperatures, resulting in greater proportions of haploid plant progenies. however, there was no significant effect of temperature ... | 1985 | 24254180 |
| comparative genetic analyses of metric traits using diallel and factorial mating designs in bread wheat. | for studying the inheritance of metric traits, diallel cross and factorial mating designs are commonly used. since factorial mating design is less restrictive in crossing plans, the genetic information drawn from it was compared with that from a diallel cross. the comparison was made using graphical, genetic components and combining ability analyses for grain yield, grain weight and spike length in a field experiment of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). analyses were made on a nine parent dial ... | 1985 | 24253828 |
| intrachromosomal mapping of the nucleolar organiser region relative to three marker loci on chromosome 1b of wheat (triticum aestivum). | restriction enzyme digestion of the ribosomal rna genes of the nucleolar organisers of wheat has revealed fragment length polymorphisms for the nucleolar organiser on chromosome 1b and the nucleolar organiser on 6b. variation between genotypes for these regions has also been demonstrated. this variation has been exploited to determine the recombination frequency between the physically defined nucleolar organiser on 1b (designatednor1) and other markers; two loci,glu-b1 andgli-b1 which code for e ... | 1985 | 24253819 |
| specificity of an antibody to a subunit of high-molecular-weight storage protein from wheat seed and its reaction with other cereal storage proteins (prolamins). | an antiserum to subunit 2 from the high-molecular-weight (hmw) subunits of the glutenin fraction of triticum aestivum cv. highbury was shown to react with related subunits from other cultivars of wheat. the reaction was measured quantitatively by laser nephelometry in polyethylene glycol phosphate-buffered saline after dissolving the hmw fraction in 0.1 m acetic acid; urea used to dissolve the hmw prolamins inhibited the reaction, in some cases at the low concentration of 0.06 m. a study of the ... | 1985 | 24249513 |
| physiological and metabolic responses of winter wheat to prolonged freezing stress. | survival and cold hardiness declined gradually when cold-hardened fredrick winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was maintained at -6 degrees c for several weeks. moisture content of crown and root tissue did not change significantly during this period. uptake of o(2) and accumulation of (86)rb by root tissue declined abruptly upon exposure to -6 degrees c, whereas a concomitant negative effect of freezing on these metabolic processes was not observed in crown tissue. electron spin resonance spect ... | 1985 | 16664200 |
| the chromosome constitution of plants derived from pollen of hexaploid triticale x common wheat f1 hybrids. | the anthers of three f1 hybrids of hexaploid triticale and common wheat ('rosner' x 'kedong 58', 'beagle' x 'kedong 58' and 'beagle' x 'jinghua no. 1') were cultured on four media in vitro. more than 900 green plants were obtained. the chromosome numbers ranged from 17 to 27 for haploid derivatives and from 38 to 52 for diploid regenerates. the chromosome constitutions of the pollen plants reflect those of the gametes found in the donor plants (genome formula: aabbdr). the value of such pollen p ... | 1985 | 24254120 |
| changes in the activities of chloroplast and cytosolic isoenzymes of glutamine synthetase during normal leaf growth and plastid development in wheat. | soluble protein extracts and chloroplasts from a serial sequence of transverse sections of a 7-d-old wheat leaf (triticum aestivum cv. maris huntsman) were used to study changes in the activity of glutamine synthetase (gs; ec 6.3.1.2) during cell and chloroplast development. glutamine synthetase activity increased more than 50-fold per cell from the base to the tip of the wheat leaf. two isoenzymes of gs were separated using fast protein liquid chromatography (fplc). glutamine synthetase localiz ... | 1985 | 24249453 |
| interlocked bivalents in reconstructed metaphase i cells of bread wheat. | complete reconstructions of all the bivalents were made from electron micrographs of serial sections through six pollen mother cells at metaphase i of meiosis in triticum aestivum (hexaploid bread wheat). at least two of these metaphases contained interlocked pairs of bivalents. in one, two ring bivalents were interlocked, while in another a rod bivalent ran through the centre of a ring bivalent. two other groups of bivalents were too closely appressed to allow separation into individual bivalen ... | 1985 | 4044683 |
| microtubules and root protophloem ontogeny in wheat. | protophloem ontogeny in roots of triticum aestivum has been investigated ultrastructurally. each protophloem pole consists of three cells, a protophloem sieve element and two companion cells, all originating from a single precursor cell usually having a pentahedral shape. this protophloem mother cell (pmc) undergoes two successive asymmetrical divisions: the first one gives rise to a smaller cell that will differentiate into a companion cell, and a larger one that divides again asymmetrically yi ... | 1985 | 4044669 |
| effect of triticum vulgare extract on dna synthesis of mammalian cells. | | 1985 | 4034741 |
| genetic control of endosperm proteins in wheat : 3. allocation to chromosomes and differential expression of high molecular weight glutenin and gliadin genes in intervarietal substitution lines of common wheat. | total endosperm proteins extracted from both several common wheat cultivars and some intervarietal substitution lines derived from them were fractionated according to their molecular weight in a high resolution one-dimensional gel electrophoresis. the four donor cultivars and the recipient one - 'chinese spring', possessed differentially migrating protein bands in the fractions of high molecular weight (hmw) glutenins and gliadins. several of these bands were identified for the first time in thi ... | 1985 | 24254017 |
| a freeze-etch study of the effects of extracellular freezing on cellular membranes of wheat. | seedlings of triticum aestivum l. cv. lennox were grown in different environments to obtain different hardiness. pieces of laminae and leaf bases were slowly cooled to sub-zero temperatures and the damage caused was assessed by an ion-leakage method. comparable pieces of tissue were slowly cooled to temperatures between 2° and-14°c and were then freeze-fixed and freeze-etched. membranes generally retained their lamellar structures indicated by the abundance of typical membrane fracture faces in ... | 1985 | 24249403 |
| wheat tissues freeze-etched during exposure to extracellular freezing: distribution of ice. | pieces excised from leaf bases and laminae of seedlings of triticum aestivum l. cv. lennox were slowly frozen, using a specially designed apparatus, to temperatures between 2° and 14° c. these treatments ranged from non-damaging to damaging, based on ion-leakage tests to be found in the accompanying report (pearce and willison 1985, planta 163, 304-316). the frozen tissue pieces were then freeze-fixed by rapidly cooling them, via melting freon, to liquid-nitrogen temperature. the tissue was subs ... | 1985 | 24249402 |
| protein metabolism in senescing wheat leaves : determination of synthesis and degradation rates and their effects on protein loss. | wheat leaves (triticum aestivum l.) at the moment of their maximum expansion were detached and put in darkness. their protein, rna and dna contents, as well as their rates of protein synthesis and degradation, were measured at different times from 0 to 5 days after detachment. rates of protein synthesis were measured by incorporation into proteins of large amounts of [(3)h]leucine. fractional rates of protein degradation were estimated either from the difference between the rates of synthesis an ... | 1985 | 16664103 |
| rapid suppression of extension growth in dark-grown wheat seedlings by red light. | continuous recordings were made using a linear displacement transducer to investigate short-term growth responses of intact dark-grown wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv maris huntsman) seedlings to red light. to eliminate any effect of light prior to the experimental treatments, the seedlings were grown and mounted on the transducer apparatus in total darkness. the growth kinetics after irradiation were complex and appeared to consist of three successive phases of growth deceleration. when the tip ... | 1985 | 16664096 |
| reduced phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and tyrosine ammonia-lyase activities and lignin synthesis in wheat grown under low pressure sodium lamps. | wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv fremont) grown in hydroponic culture under 24-hour continuous irradiation at 560 to 580 micromoles per square meter per second from either metalhalide (mh), high pressure sodium (hps), or low pressure sodium (lps) lamps reached maturity in 70 days. grain yields were similar under all three lamps, although lps-grown plants lodged at maturity. phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal) and a tyrosine ammonia lyase (tal) with lesser activity were detected in all extracts of le ... | 1985 | 11540097 |
| the meiotic pairing of nine wheat chromosomes. | the meiotic identification of nine pairs of chromosomes at metaphase i of meiosis of triticum aestivum (b genome, 4a and 7a) has been achieved using a giemsa c-banding technique. as a result, the analysis of the pairing of each chromosome arm in disomic and monosomic intervarietal hybrids between 'chinese spring' and the spanish cultivar 'pané 247' could be carried out. differences in the chiasmata frequencies per chromosome arm cannot be explained on the basis of relative arm lengths only. poss ... | 1984 | 24253711 |
| abscisic acid metabolism in intact wheat seedlings under normal and stress conditions. | metabolism of abscisic acid (aba) was studied in intact seedlings of triticum aestivum during 14 days. (2-(14)c)-aba solution (2.5 × 10(-4) m) was applied to the roots of plants for 24 h; after that plants were further grown in nutrient solution. distribution of radioactivity between aba and its metabolites was investigated in shoots, roots, and remaining seed parts. in whole seedling as well as in different plant parts the level of free aba is decreased rapidly during 3 days after application, ... | 1984 | 23195714 |
| localization of galactolipid biosynthesis in etioplasts isolated from dark-grown wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | etioplasts were isolated from leaves of dark-grown wheat (triticum aestivum l. var starke ii). galactolipid biosynthesis was assayed in an envelope-rich fraction and in the fraction containing the rest of the etioplast membranes by measuring incorporation of (14)c from uridine-diphospho[(14)c]galactose into monogalactosyl diacylglycerol and digalactosyl diacylglycerol. more than half of the galactolipid biosynthetic capability was found in the fraction of inner etioplast membranes. this fraction ... | 1984 | 16663946 |
| a comparison between prolamellar bodies and prothylakoid membranes of etioplasts of dark-grown wheat concerning lipid and polypeptide composition. | the aim of the present investigation was to find factors critical for the co-existence of prolamellar bodies and prothylakoids in etioplasts of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv starke ii). the lipid composition of the prolamellar body and prothylakoid fractions was qualitatively similar. however, the molar ratio of monogalactosyl diacylglycerol to digalactosyl diacylglycerol was higher in the prolamellar body fraction (1.6 +/- 0.1), as was the lipid content on a protein basis. protochlorophyllide ... | 1984 | 16663945 |
| a computer-assisted examination of the storage protein genetic variation in 841 accessions of triticum dicoccoides. | triticum turgidum l. var. dicoccoides (wild emmer) is an important genetic resource for increasing the protein content of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). many studies have shown that the presence or absence of bands in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide (sds-page) electrophoregrams of wheat storage proteins to be of a purely genetic character. a total protein extraction and sds-page technique was used to estimate the storage protein genetic variability among 841 accessions of wild emmer ... | 1984 | 24253627 |
| the influence of (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammoniumchloride (ccc) on growth and photosynthetic metabolism of young wheat plants (triticum aestivum l.). | the influence of (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammoniumchloride on growth and cell metabolism of triticum aestivum var. kolibri was investigated. ccc was added to the nutrient solution on the 11th day of development with a final concentration of 10(-2) mol·1(-1). it immediately stopped root growth and showed a strong inhibitory influence on the growth of the leaves. smaller and fewer cells accounted for the reduction in final leaf size of about 40 %. the content of soluble proteins and soluble reducin ... | 1984 | 23195384 |
| the molecular basis of genetic diversity among cytoplasms of triticum and aegilops. iii. chloroplast genomes of the m and modified m genome-carrying species. | the restriction fragment patterns of chloroplast dnas of all m or modified m genome-carrying aegilops species, and those of common wheat (triticum aestivum), ae. umbellulata and ae. squarrosa as referants, have been analyzed using eight restriction endonucleases, bamhi, ecori, hindiii, kpni, psti, sali, smai and xhoi. nine distinctly different chloroplast genomes are evident, and the mutual relatedness among them is estimated based on the number of different restriction fragments. the results le ... | 1984 | 17246239 |
| effect of water stress on the chloroplast antioxidant system: i. alterations in glutathione reductase activity. | the effect of water stress on glutathione reductase and catalase activities was evaluated in leaf blades of field-grown winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.). wheat was sown at two seeding rates under both irrigated and dryland conditions. flag leaves from dryland plants sown at 60 kilograms/hectare showed no change in either glutathione reductase or catalase activities per unit leaf area, while leaves from the basal portion of the canopy exhibited a 273% increase in glutathione reductase activity ... | 1984 | 16663894 |
| induction of aluminum tolerance in wheat seedlings by low doses of aluminum in the nutrient solution. | preincubation of wheat (triticum aestivum l. thell.) seedlings in a nutrient solution containing low doses of aluminum (0.5 microgram per milliliter for tolerant cultivar atlas 66 and 0.1 microgram per milliliter for the sensitive cultivar grana) enabled substantial root regrowth of varieties grown in a lethal aluminum concentration, despite an increased accumulation of aluminum in root tissue of the pretreated seedlings. the distribution of aluminum in the subcellular fractions remained unchang ... | 1984 | 16663880 |
| chromosomal assignment of genes coding for the wheat gliadin protein components of the cultivars 'cheyenne' and 'chinese spring' by two-dimensional (two-ph) electrophoresis. | the gliadin proteins of the hexaploid bread wheat cultivar 'cheyenne' (triticum aestivum l. var. aestivum), which has good mixing and baking characteristics, were analyzed by 2-dimensional (2-ph) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (ph 3.2 in the 1st dimension, ph 9.2 in the 2nd). genes for most of the 35 resolved components were assigned to the chromosomes of homoeologous groups 1 and 6 through the use of various aneuploids and substitution lines. a similar analysis was carried out for the culti ... | 1984 | 24257826 |
| inheritance of nitrite reductase and regulation of nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, and glutamine synthetase isozymes. | banding patterns of nitrate reductase (nr), nitrite reductase (nir), and glutamine synthetase (gs) from leaves of diploid barley (hordeum vulgare), tetraploid wheat (triticum durum), hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum), and tetraploid wild oats (avena barbata) were compared following starch gel electrophoresis. two nr isozymes, which appeared to be under different regulatory control, were observed in each of the three species. the activity of the more slowly migrating nitrate reductase isozyme ( ... | 1984 | 11541965 |
| characterization of a wheat germ agglutinin-like lectin from adult wheat plants. | radioimmuno-and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays show that a substantial amount of wheat germ agglutinin(wga)-like protein is present at the base of the shoot and in the roots of adult wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plants. the protein can be purified by hapten-and antibody-mediated affinity procedures. it forms an arc of identity with the embryo lectin upon ouchterlony double-diffusion and is an active lectin that agglutinates trypsinized erythrocytes in an n-acetylglucosamine-and chitin-inhibi ... | 1984 | 24253947 |
| influence of water stress upon photosynthetic carbon metabolism in wheat. | two kinds of effects of water stress on flag leaves of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. kolibri) were recognized: the direct effect, when drought affected the expanded blade of the flag leaf and the indirect one, when drought pretreatment affected the leaf blade during tissue differentiation. as a direct effect of water stress on the leaf, a decreased amount of (14)c incorporated into all analyzed photosynthates was observed. differences in (14)c distribution among the studied photosynthat ... | 1984 | 23195050 |
| effect of previous nitrate deprivation on (15)n-nitrate absorption and assimilation by wheat seedlings. | nitrate uptake and assimilation were examined in intact 18 days old wheat (triticum aestivum, cv capitole) seedlings either permanently grown on nitrate (high-n seedlings) or n-stressed by transfer to an 0 n-solution for the final 7 days (low-n seedlings). the n-stressed seedlings were characterized by a lower organic n content (2.5 mg instead of 4.9 mg per seedling) and an increased root dry weight. the seedlings received (15)no(3)k for 7 h in the light. nitrate uptake was 2.8 times higher in l ... | 1984 | 23195046 |
| characteristics of a beta-galactosidase associated with the stroma of chloroplasts prepared from mesophyll protoplasts of the primary leaf of wheat. | chloroplasts prepared from mesophyll protoplasts of the primary leaf of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv egret) contain about 50% of the cellular beta-galactosidase (ec 3.2.1.23) activity. more than 80% of this activity is associated with the stroma and most of the remainder, although tightly bound to the thylakoids, can be washed free with sodium pyrophosphate. the vacuole contained about 20% and the remaining enzyme was presumed to be cytoplasmic or associated with one of the other organelles. b ... | 1984 | 16663831 |
| characterization and complexity of wheat developing endosperm mrnas. | free and membrane-bound (mb) polysomes and the corresponding polyadenylated rnas (polya(+) rnas) have been isolated from developing wheat endosperm (triticum aestivum l.) free and mb poly(a)(+) rnas, analyzed on isokinetic sucrose gradient with [(3)h]polyuridylic acid [poly(u)] hybridization detection, appear to be 11s to 12s in size with a 7% poly(a) tail for mb rnas. cdnas synthesized using both of these mrna populations in presence of a potent rnase inhibitor (rnasin), have been used for hybr ... | 1984 | 16663795 |
| low temperature-induced ga(3) sensitivity of wheat : ii. changes in lipids associated with the low temperature-induced ga(3) sensisivity of isolated aleurone of kite. | exposure of isolated aleurone tissue from the wheat (triticum aestivum) variety kite which contains the rht2 allele, to low temperature (5 degrees c) for 20 h prior to addition of exogenous ga(3), resulted in significant changes in the content of lipids, especially phospholipids. significant low temperature-induced changes in both the head group and acyl contents of two phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, were detected. more importantly, these changes displayed a ver ... | 1984 | 16663785 |
| low temperature-induced ga(3) sensitivity of wheat : i. characterization of the low temperature effect on isolated aleurone of kite. | gibberellic acid (ga(3)) sensitivity (measured as alpha-amylase production) of the isolated aleurone tissue/deembryonated seed of two wheat (triticum aestivum l. var kite and var aroona) varieties each containing either one of the dwarfing genes, rht1 and rht2, was increased significantly as a result of low temperature treatment. the magnitude of the low temperature-induced increase occurred without any change in the lag time of alpha-amylase production. this low temperature induction of ga(3) s ... | 1984 | 16663784 |
| interaction of water supply and n in wheat. | the purpose of this study was to investigate effects of n nutrition and water stress on stomatal behavior and co(2) exchange rate in wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv olaf). wheat plants were grown hydroponically with high (100 milligrams per liter) and low (10 milligrams per liter) n. when plants were 38 days old, a 24-day water stress cycle was begun. a gradual increase in nutrient solution osmotic pressure from 0.03 to 1.95 mega pascals was achieved by incremental additions of peg-6,000. plants ... | 1984 | 16663780 |
| a comparison of different vernalization techniques in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | to measure the effect of vernalization on time to ear emergence allowance must be made for the growth which occurs during the vernalization treatment. in an experiment with eight contrasting wheat varieties it was shown that it is possible to express growth during vernalization in terms of days of growth at non-vernalizing temperatures, using linear regression of number of primordia on time after sowing. the use of linear regression of seedling height on time after sowing proved to be less accur ... | 1984 | 23194873 |
| nucleic acid (cdna) and amino acid sequences of alpha-type gliadins from wheat (triticum aestivum). | the complete amino acid sequence for an alpha-type gliadin protein of wheat (triticum aestivum linnaeus) endosperm has been derived from a cloned cdna sequence. an additional cdna clone that corresponds to about 75% of a similar alpha-type gliadin has been sequenced and shows some important differences. about 97% of the composite sequence of a-gliadin (an alpha-type gliadin fraction) has also been obtained by direct amino acid sequencing. this sequence shows a high degree of similarity with amin ... | 1984 | 6589619 |
| somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in callus from inflorescences of hordeum vulgare x triticum aestivum hybrids. | embryogenic callus cultures were obtained by culturing young inflorescence tissues of hordeum vulgare cv. 'pf51811' (2x)xtriticum aestivum cv. 'chinese spring' (6x) hybrids on 2,4-d-containing n6 medium. after subculture for about 10 months the calli retained a high potentiality for somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration. of about 300 regenerated plants, approximately 100 were transplanted to potting soil. eight embryoids and three regenerated plants examined had 28 chromosomes identical t ... | 1984 | 24257648 |
| study on nuclear and cytoplasmic genome expression in wheat by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis : 2. genetic differences between two lines and two groups of cytoplasms at five developmental stages or organs. | two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of denaturated proteins were performed at five developmental stages or organs (hereafter referred to as stage-organs) on two wheat lines with four different cytoplasms. five hundred and fifty to 712 reproducible spots were scored depending on the stage-organ. each stage-organ is unambiguously characterized and several types of control of protein quantity are recorded. post-translational modifications are hypothetized and may sometimes be stagespecific. two cyt ... | 1984 | 24257643 |
| development and characterisation of a line of bread wheat, triticum aestivum, which lacks the short-arm satellite of chromosome 1b and the gli-b1 locus. | about 360 offspring of a tri-parental cross were screened by gel electrophoresis and unexpectedly one of them did not contain chromosome 1b ω-gliadins derived from either of the primary parents. a line disomic for the ω-gliadin null was developed from the surviving embryo half of the unique grain. two dimensional electrophoresis revealed that all the storage protein genes at gli-b1, coding for γ-gliadins, β-gliadins and low-molecular-weight subunits of glutenin as well as the ω-gliadin, were not ... | 1984 | 24257642 |
| growth and gibberellin-a1 metabolism in normal and gibberellin-insensitive (rht3) wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings. | growth parameters were determined for tall (rht3) and dwarf (rht3) seedlings of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). plant statures and leaf length were reduced by 50% in dwarfs but root and shoot dry weights were less affected. leaves of dwarf seedlings had shorter epidermal cells and the numbers of cells per rank in talls and dwarfs matched the observed relationships in overall length. talls grew at twice the rate of dwarfs (2.3 compared with 1.2 mm h(-1)). [(3)h]gibberellin a1 ([(3)h]ga1) was fed to ... | 1984 | 24253843 |
| developmental gradients in wheat leaves - response of leaf segments in different genotypes cultured in vitro. | leaves of 21 different wheat genotypes (triticum aestivum l. cultivars and triticum species) were tested for response in tissue culture. cultures could be established from all genotypes in the presence of 2,4-d in the nutrient medium, but only from immature basal leaf regions. corresponding to the basipetal developmental gradient characteristic of the leaves, there appeared to be a gradient in sensitivity towards 2,4-d. the most basal, highly meristematic regions were comparatively sensitive. ca ... | 1984 | 23196086 |
| changes in the number and composition of chloroplasts during senescence of mesophyll cells of attached and detached primary leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | changes in the number and composition of chloroplasts of mesophyll cells were followed during senescence of the primary leaf of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). senescence was due to the natural pattern of leaf ontogeny or was either induced by leaf detachment and incubation in darkness, or incubation of attached leaves in the dark. in each case discrete sections (1 centimeter) of the leaf, representing mesophyll cells of the basal, middle, and tip regions, were examined. for all treatments, senesc ... | 1984 | 16663637 |
| pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase gene expression in developing wheat seeds. | the amount of pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (ppdk) (ec 2.7.9.1) protein in wheat (triticum aestivum l. var cheyenne) grains was determined at different stages of development by the protein blot method. the variation in ppdk protein with time in developing wheat grains was similar to that of the enzyme's activity reported by meyer et al. (1982 plant physiol 69: 7-10). the variation in levels of ppdk mrna with seed development was determined by analysis of polypeptides immunoprecipitated by ant ... | 1984 | 16663633 |
| production and characterization of alloplasmic lines of a triticale 'rosner'. | the transfer of cytoplasms of various triticum and aegilops species to a hexaploid triticale ('rosner') has been attempted using 30 alloplasmic lines and a euplasmic line of common wheat as cytoplasmic donors. the average rate of f1 hybrid production (seed setting ratexgermination rate) following an ordinary method of crossing is only 0.09%, whereas this rate is increased to 3.1% by use of embryo culture. the first backcross of the f1 plants with triticale pollen is again difficult, the hybrid p ... | 1984 | 24258961 |
| combining abilities and heritability of callus formation and plantlet regeneration in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) anther cultures. | frequency of callus formation in wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell) anthers cultured in vitro and the frequency of subsequent plantlet formation from such calli were examined in a diallel population produced from five inbred spring wheat cultivars. two of the five cultivars were believed to possess relatively high frequencies of response and the other three relatively low response frequencies, based on previous studies. general and specific combining abilities were estimated and found to be ... | 1984 | 24258955 |
| analysis of nucleolar activity in agropyron elongatum, its amphiploid with triticum aestivum and the chromosome addition lines. | the nucleolar organizer activity of the agropyron elongatum, its amphiploid with hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) and the chromosome addition lines is analyzed by the silver-staining procedure. four ag-nors are observed in a. elongatum corresponding to the chromosomes 6e and 7e. in the amphiploid t. aestivum - a. elongatum, eight ag-nors are observed which corresponds the wheat chromosomes 1b and 6b and to the elongatum chromosomes 6e and 7e. thus, there is codominance in the nucleolar organi ... | 1984 | 24258946 |
| heritability of grain yield, plant height and test weight of a population of winter wheat adapted to southwestern ontario. | grain yield, plant height and test weight were studied in a population of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the population consisted of f2 bulk populations of 42 crosses among 11 genotypes adapted to s. w. ontario. heritabilities were: 0.30±0.32 for yield, 0.77±0.15 for height and 0.98±0.08 for test weight. predicted genetic gain with 10% selection intensity was 0.15 t/ha for yield, 10.1 cm for height and 3.00 kg/hl for test weight. the low heritability for yield indicates that effective sele ... | 1984 | 24258938 |
| glutamic acid metabolism and the photorespiratory nitrogen cycle in wheat leaves: metabolic consequences of elevated ammonia concentrations and of blocking ammonia assimilation. | the effects of methionine sulfoximine and ammonium chloride on [(14)c] glutamate metabolism in excised leaves of triticum aestivum were investigated. glutamine was the principal product derived from [u(14)c]glutamate in the light and in the absence of inhibitor or nh(4)cl. other amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar phosphates, and co(2) became slightly radioactive. ammonium chloride (10 mm) increased formation of [(14)c] glutamine, aspartate, citrate, and malate but decreased incorporation ... | 1984 | 16663601 |
| isolation and some properties of an aminopeptidase from the primary leaf of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the isolation and characterization of the ap1 form of aminopeptidase (ec 3.4.11.) previously identified (waters, dalling 1979 aust j plant physiol 6: 595-606) in the primary leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv egret) seedlings is reported. the enzyme shows a high preference for a substrate which contains an aromatic side chain, whether this be either a synthetic beta-naphthylamide or a peptide substrate. maximum activity with both types of substrates occurred around ph 7.6. the stability of ... | 1984 | 16663554 |
| metabolism of activated oxygen in detached wheat and rye leaves and its relevance to the initiation of senescence. | the activities of several enzymes either generating or decomposing o 2 (-) or h2o2, were investigated during the course of senescence of detached wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and rye (secale cereale l.) leaves in light and in darkness. most of the activities, although not in full synchrony, declined with the degradation of chlorophyll and protein. the decline was slower in light than in darkness (e.g. glycolate oxidase, ec 1.1.3.1; urate oxidase, ec 1.7.3.3.; catalase, ec 1.11.1.6) and was furth ... | 1984 | 24258664 |
| intercellular localization of assimilatory sulfate reduction in leaves of zea mays and triticum aestivum. | the intercellular distribution of assimilatory sulfate reduction enzymes between mesophyll and bundle sheath cells was analyzed in maize (zea mays l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves. in maize, a c(4) plant, 96 to 100% of adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase and 92 to 100% of atp sulfurylase activity (ec 2.7.7.4) was detected in the bundle sheath cells. sulfite reductase (ec 1.8.7.1) and o-acetyl-l-serine sulfhydrylase (ec 4.2.99.8) were found in both bundle sheath and mesophyll ... | 1984 | 16663524 |
| differences between wheat genotypes in specific activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and the relationship to photosynthesis. | the in vitro ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (rubp) carboxylase activity per unit of leaf nitrogen was found to be 30% greater in triticum aestivum than in t. monococcum. this was due to a higher specific activity of the enzyme from t. aestivum, as the amount of rubp carboxylase protein per unit of total leaf nitrogen did not differ between the genotypes. the occurrence of higher specific activity of rubp carboxylase is shown to correlate with possession of the large subunit derived from the b genome ... | 1984 | 16663506 |
| differences in water relations and physiological characteristics in leaves of wheat associated with leaf position on the plant. | the seasonal change in leaf water potential and its components, stomatal resistance, specific leaf weight, photosynthesis rate, the activities of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and nitrate reductase, and soluble proteins were measured in flag leaves (ninth from base in position), seventh and fifth leaves of wheat triticum aestivum l. cv kalyansona. flag leaves had a lower water and solute potential and lower or equal turgor pressure than seventh and fifth leaves. these differences were fo ... | 1984 | 16663500 |
| metabolism of r,s-[2-(14)c]abscisic acid by non-stressed and water-stressed detached leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | metabolism of r,s-[2-(14)c]abscisic acid (aba) was studied in detached leaves of six wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars, using non-stressed leaves or leaves water stressed by desiccation to 90% of their original fresh weight. the rate constant of aba metabolism was similar in nonstressed leaves of all cultivars. water stress resulted in significantly lower rate constants in two cultivars which accumulated high levels of aba when stressed, the constants decreasing by a factor of about 1.5. rate ... | 1984 | 24258508 |
| new hybrids with d genome wheat relatives. | the cytology of nine new d genome hybrids involving triticum syriacum, triticum ventricosum, triticum cyclindricum, triticum juvenale, triticum crassum, triticum tauschii and triticum aestivum is described. the calculation of numerical values of the relative affinity and the patterns of chromosome pairing indicate that the d genome in t. syriacum and t. juvenale may have been substantially modified and that of t. crassum somewhat modified from that of the diploid progenitor, t. tauschii. | 1984 | 17246199 |
| physiological responses to salinity in selected lines of wheat. | two selections of bread wheat, triticum aestivum l., differing in their relative salt resistance, were grown in salinized solution culture, and relative growth rates, osmotic adjustment, ion accumulation, and photosynthesis were monitored to study the responses of the plants to salinity.differences in water relations were minimal and were only apparent for 3 days following salinization. the lines differed substantially in their relative growth rates and photosynthetic responses for several weeks ... | 1984 | 16663433 |
| evidence for homologous recombination between repeated sequences containing 18s and 5s ribosomal rna genes in wheat mitochondrial dna. | closely linked genes for 18s and 5s rrnas have been located on four different cloned sali restriction fragments of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) mitochondrial dna. restriction analysis has revealed that in each of the cloned fragments, the 18s and 5s rrna genes are contained within the same basic structural unit, r, which is at least 4 kbp long. this unit is flanked by sequences designated u (0.8 kbp), v (13.7 kbp), w (0.7 kbp), and y (1.4 kbp), in the orientations v-r-w, v-r-y, u-r-w, and u-r-y ... | 1984 | 16453499 |
| cultivar and cultivar x environment effects on the development of callus and polyhaploid plants from anther cultures of wheat. | plants of three common wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell) cultivars and one randomly selected doubled-haploid line derived by anther culture from each of the three cultivars were each grown in three environments, a field environment, a greenhouse environment, and a growth chamber environment. anthers containing largely miduninucleate to late uninucleate microspores were cultured and calli were induced to regenerate plants in order to assess the effects of cultivar, cultivar family (cultivar ... | 1984 | 24258560 |
| identification of c-banded chromosomes in meiosis of common wheat, triticum aestivum l. | the c-banding pattern of nine meiotic chromosomes of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) as described. in f1s of crosses between monosomics of 'chinese spring' and two spanish wheat cultivars, univalent chromosomes were used to aid the recognition and analysis of the c-banding pattern for the individual chromosomes. the identification of one chromosome involved in one translocation in 'chinese spring' x 'pané 247' has been made through heterochromatin bands observed in the chromosomes involved i ... | 1984 | 24258557 |
| chromosome variation in wheat plants regenerated from cultured immature embryos. | a cytological study has been made of plants regenerated from cultured immature embryos of four wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum, 2n = 6x = 42). in total, 29% of the 192 plants examined were aneuploid with a range in chromosome numbers of 38-45. evidence of chromosome structural changes was also found. this variation occurred in regenerants of all four cultivars, but there were large differences in the proportions of aneuploids arising from individual cultures which meant that no significant di ... | 1984 | 24258556 |
| purification and characterization of an iminopeptidase from the primary leaf of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | iminopeptidase (ec 3.4.11.5) was substantially purified from the primary leaves of 7-day-old wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l.). the purification procedure consisted of five steps: acid precipitation, molecular exclusion chromatography on sephacryl s-200, ultrogel aca 44, sepharose 2b and ion-exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose. iminopeptidase isolated in this manner was only active against the beta-naphthylamides of proline and hydroxyproline. for each substrate, the ph optimum was 7. ... | 1983 | 16663327 |
| control of lectins in triticum aestivum and aegilops umbellulata by homoeologous group 1 chromosomes. | each of the three genomes in hexaploid wheat controls the expression of a specific lectin in the embryo. the chromosomes which control their synthesis were determined using nullisomic-tetrasomic and inter-varietal chromosome substitution lines of 'chinese spring'. all three wheat lectins were shown to be controlled by the homoeologous group 1 chromosomes. using ditelosomic lines of 'chinese spring' the lectin genes could be localized on the long arms of chromosomes 1a and 1d. inter-specific addi ... | 1983 | 24258480 |
| pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase in wheat leaves. | pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (ppdk) was found in wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv cheyenne [ci 8885]) leaves both by activity assays and by the protein blot method. the specific activity of the wheat enzyme is comparable to that of ppdk from maize leaves. of the total soluble protein in wheat leaves, about 0.05% was ppdk, comparable to the amount in the immature wheat seed and about 1/70th the amount found in mesophyll cells of maize. immunoprecipitation of wheat ppdk with maize enzyme antiser ... | 1983 | 16663312 |
| effects of abscisic acid and ethylene on the gibberellic acid-induced synthesis of alpha-amylase by isolated wheat aleurone layers. | gibberellic acid-induced alpha-amylase synthesis in wheat aleurone layers (triticum aestivum l. var potam s-70) escaped from transcriptional control 30 h after addition of the hormone, as evidenced by the tissue's loss of susceptibility to cordycepin. abscisic acid inhibited the accumulation of alpha-amylase activity when added to the tissue during this cordycepin-insensitive phase of enzyme induction. alpha-amylase synthesis was not restored by the addition of cordycepin, indicating that the re ... | 1983 | 16663284 |
| inhibition of photosynthesis by carbohydrates in wheat leaves. | the rate of net co(2) assimilation of mature wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves in ambient air (21% o(2), 340 microbars co(2)) declined with time of illumination at temperatures lower than 25 degrees c, but not at higher temperatures, and the rate of decline increased when maintained in air with higher co(2) concentration (700-825 microbars). in this latter case, the decline in the rate of net co(2) assimilation also occurred at high temperatures. stomatal conductance also declined with time in ... | 1983 | 16663282 |
| thylakoid protein kinase activity and associated control of excitation energy distribution during chloroplast biogenesis in wheat. | the activity of thylakoid protein kinase and the regulation of excitation energy distribution between photosystems i and ii was examined during chloroplast biogenesis in light-grown triticum aestivum (wheat) leaves. the specific activity of the thylakoid protein kinase decreased some six-fold during development from the young plastids at the base of the 7-d-old leaf to the mature chloroplasts at the leaf tip. appreciable activity was also detected in plastids isolated from etiolated leaves. in m ... | 1983 | 24258136 |
| genetic control of shikimate dehydrogenase in hexaploid wheat. | the genetics of shikimate dehydrogenase (skdh; ec 1.1.1.25) was investigated in triticum aestivum cv chinese spring (2n = 6x = 42; genomic formula abd) using the zymogram technique. the enzyme occurs in two electrophoretically distinct forms on starch gels. the results of a study of aneuploid derivatives of chinese spring indicate that the skdh isozyme of faster electrophoretic mobility is encoded by a gene, designated skdh-a1, located in the p (= short) arm of chromosome 5a and that the product ... | 1983 | 6362657 |
| abscisic acid-induced freezing resistance in cultured plant cells. | the effect of abscisic acid (aba) on the cold hardiness of cell suspension was investigated. cell suspension cultures of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv norstar), winter rye (secale cereale l. cv cougar), and bromegrass bromo inermis leyss treated with 7.5 x 10(-5) molar aba for 4 days at 20 degrees c could tolerate -30 degrees c, whereas the control cultures tolerated only -7 to -8 degrees c. the optimum concentration for increasing the cold hardiness of the cultures was 7.5 x 10(-5) mola ... | 1983 | 16663189 |
| exploitation of allelopathy for weed control in annual and perennial cropping systems. | a variety of crops, cultivars, and accessions have been evaluated over the past six years for superior capability to suppress weed growth. the most successful of these approaches has been to grow cover crops of rye (secale cereale), wheat (triticum aestivum), sorghum (sorghum bicolor), or barley (hordeum vulgare) to a height of 40-50 cm, desiccate the crops by contact herbicides or freezing, and allow their residues to remain on the soil surface. often, up to 95% control of important agroecosyst ... | 1983 | 24407796 |
| regulation of swelling of etiolated-wheat-leaf protoplasts by phytochrome and gibberellic acid. | the effect of light on the size of intact protoplasts isolated from the primary leaves of etiolated triticum aestivum was studied. a 2-min red-light irradiation in the presence of 1 mm kcl was sufficient to cause a swelling of protoplasts compared with those maintained in darkness. the effect was photoreversible by far-red light over two light cycles, indicating the involvement of phytochrome. at 4°c, escape from reversibility occurred between 2 and 5 min after the exposure to red light. in expo ... | 1983 | 24264850 |
| implication of triticum searsii as the b-genome donor to wheat using dna hybridizations. | in vitro dna:dna hybridizations and hydroxyapatite thermal chromatography were employed to help identify the species ancestral to the b genome of the polyploid wheats. we hybridized 3h-triticum aestivum dna to the unlabeled dnas of t. urartu, t. speltoides, t. sharonensis, t. bicorne, t. longissimum, and t. searsii, 3h-labeled dna of t. urartu was hybridized with the dna of a synthetic tetraploid. aadd. the heteroduplex thermal stabilities indicated that t. searsii was most closely related to t. ... | 1983 | 6626143 |
| nuclear dna content and the control of chloroplast replication in wheat leaves. | during development of the first leaf of breadwheat (triticum aestivum l.) the number of chloroplasts per mesophyll cell increases between three- and four-fold. to establish if chloroplast replication is accompanied by endoreduplication, the nuclear dna content of the cells was determined by chemical assay of isolated nuclei from mesophyll protoplasts and by microdensitometry of nuclei in mesophyll tissue. the dna content of the nuclei was constant (27 to 32 pg) at each phase of chloroplast repli ... | 1983 | 24264273 |
| the relationship between the rht 1 and rht 2 dwarfing genes and grain weight in triticum aestivum l. spring wheat. | the study was carried out in the first year on samples of random f5 lines, uniform in height and in heading date, of three crosses between semi dwarf spring wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum l.), differing in grain weight and in their rht gene. in the second year only the progenies of the early heading f5 lines were studied. all the material was grown in the absence of lodging. the culm-length genotypes of the different lines were identified by test crosses and by a seedling ga response test. n ... | 1983 | 24263770 |
| new hybrids between agropyron and wheat : 2. production, morphology and cytogenetic analysis of f1 hybrids and backcross derivatives. | intergeneric hybrids of triticum aestivum (2n=42,aabbdd) with agropyron ciliare (2n= 28,ssyy), a. trachycaulum (2n=28,sshh), a. yezoense (2n=28,ssyy) and a. scirpeum (2n=28) are reported for the first time. f1 hybrids of t. aestivum were also produced with a. intermedium (2n=42,e1e1e2e2z1z1) and a. junceum (2n=14,juju). all wheat-agropyron hybrids were obtained by embryo rescue technique. cultivars and reciprocal crosses differed for seed set, seed development and f1 plant production. the f1 hyb ... | 1983 | 24263763 |
| the response of anther culture to culture temperature in triticum aestivum. | the response of anther culture to culture temperature was studied in detail using many varieties, f1 hybrids and pollen-derived lines of wheat (triticum aestivum) as materials. the suitable culture temperature for inducing pollen callus (or embryoids) in wheat anther culture ranged from 26 °c to 30 °c, varying with genotypes. but for the great majority of wheat genotypes the suitable culture temperatures lay between 28 °c and 30°c. the most significant genotypic variation in the response to cult ... | 1983 | 24263762 |
| genetic control of endosperm proteins in wheat : 2. variation in high molecular weight glutenin and gliadin subunits of triticum aestivum. | endosperm protein subunits of 109 primitive and modern lines of hexaploid wheat, triticum aestivum l. em. thell., were fractionated by one-dimensional, high resolution, sodium dodecyl sulphate (sds) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). a wide range of both qualitative and quantitative variation was observed in the fractions of the high molecular weight (hmw) glutenin and gliadin subunits of the different lines. the qualitative variation was expressed in the number of subunits per fraction ... | 1983 | 24263634 |
| responses of alloplasmic (cytoplasm=triticum timopheevii) and euplasmic wheats (triticum aestivum) to photoperiod and vernalization. | studies were conducted to determine the influence of the male sterility-inducing cytoplasm of triticum timopheevii (zhuk.) zhuk. on response of several common winter wheat (t. aestivum l.) nuclear genotypes to photoperiod and vernalization. comparative studies of cytoplasmic substitution lines provide information on the role of the cytoplasmic genetic mechanism in growth and development. in the case of cytoplasmic male sterility-based hybrid production systems, ubiquity of sterility-inducing cyt ... | 1983 | 24263632 |