| epsilon toxin: a fascinating pore-forming toxin. | epsilon toxin (etx) is produced by strains of clostridium perfringens classified as type b or type d. etx belongs to the heptameric β-pore-forming toxins including aerolysin and clostridium septicum alpha toxin, which are characterized by the formation of a pore through the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells consisting in a β-barrel of 14 amphipatic β strands. by contrast to aerolysin and c. septicum alpha toxin, etx is a much more potent toxin and is responsible for enterotoxemia in animals, m ... | 2011 | 21535407 |
| analysis of caecal microbiota in rats fed with genetically modified rice by real-time quantitative pcr. | the effect of genetically modified rice (gmr) on bacterial communities in caecal content was analyzed in a 90-d feeding rat model. a total of 12 groups of rats, which included male and female, were fed with the basal diets containing 30%, 50%, 70% gmr (b(1), b(2), b(3)) or 30%, 50%, 70% non-gmr (d(1), d(2), d(3)). the structure of intestinal microflora was estimated by real-time quantitative pcr (rq-pcr) based on genus-specific 16s rdna primers. sybr green was used for accurate detection and qua ... | 2011 | 21535699 |
| enzyme molecular mechanism as a starting point to design new inhibitors: a theoretical study of o-glcnacase. | o-glycoprotein 2-acetamino-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranosidase (o-glcnacase) hydrolyzes o-linked 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranoside (o-glcnac) residues from post-translationally modified serine/threonine residues of nucleocytoplasmic protein. the chemical process involves substrate-assisted catalysis, where two aspartate residues have been identified as the two key catalytic residues of o-glcnacase. in this report, the first step of the catalytic mechanism used by o-glcnacase involving substrate- ... | 2011 | 21542586 |
| assessment of levels of bacterial contamination of large wild game meat in europe. | the variations in prevalence and levels of pathogens and fecal contamination indicators in large wild game meat were studied to assess their potential impact on consumers. this analysis was based on hazard analysis, data generation and statistical analysis. a total of 2919 meat samples from three species (red deer, roe deer, wild boar) were collected at french game meat traders' facilities using two sampling protocols. information was gathered on the types of meat cuts (forequarter or haunch; fi ... | 2011 | 21569954 |
| application of broad-range resequencing array rpm-tei for detection of pathogens in desert dust samples from kuwait and iraq. | a significant percentage of the human population is exposed to high levels of naturally occurring airborne dusts. although the link between airborne particulate inhalation and a variety of respiratory diseases has been long established, little is known about the pathogenic role of the microbial component of the dust. in this study, we applied highly multiplexed pcr and a high-density resequencing microarray (rpm-tei 1.0) to screen samples of fine topsoil particles and airborne dust collected in ... | 2011 | 21571877 |
| effects of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin via claudin-4 on normal human pancreatic duct epithelial cells and cancer cells. | the tight junction protein claudin-4 is frequently overexpressed in pancreatic cancer, and is also a receptor for clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe). the cytotoxic effects of cpe are thought to be useful as a novel therapeutic tool for pancreatic cancer. however, the responses to cpe via claudin-4 remain unknown in normal human pancreatic duct epithelial (hpde) cells. we introduced the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (htert) gene into hpde cells in primary culture as a model of nor ... | 2011 | 21573709 |
| investigation into drug release from colon-specific azoreductase-activated steroid prodrugs using in-vitro models. | objectives the aim of this study was to investigate drug release from a double steroid prodrug, opn501, which incorporates a phenylpropionate linker, and its phenylacetate analogue. the prodrugs, which were designed to deliver prednisolone to the colon for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, are based on a novel design that requires sequential azoreductase activity and cyclization of an amino ester to trigger drug release. we sought to explain the divergent effects of the two compounds ... | 2011 | 21585379 |
| ruminococcin c, a new anti-clostridium perfringens bacteriocin produced in the gut by the commensal bacterium ruminococcus gnavus e1. | when colonizing the digestive tract of mono-associated rats, ruminococcus gnavus e1 - a bacterium isolated from human faeces - produced a trypsin-dependent anti-clostridium perfringens substance collectively named ruminococcin c (rumc). rumc was isolated from the caecal contents of e1-monocontaminated rats and found to consist of two antimicrobial fractions: a single peptide (rumcsp) of 4235 da, and a mixture of two other peptides (rumcdp) with distinct molecular masses of 4324 da and 4456 da. b ... | 2011 | 21586310 |
| the effect of lactobacillus fermentum on beta2 toxin production by clostridium perfringens. | clostridium perfringens although a member of the normal gut flora is also an important cause of intestinal disease in animals and, to a lesser extent, in humans. disease is associated with the production of one or more toxins and little is known about environmental influences on the production of these toxins. one of the health promoting effects of lactic acid bacteria (lab) is the establishment and maintenance of a low ph in the intestine since an acidic environment inhibits the growth of many ... | 2011 | 21602389 |
| determination of toxinotypes of environmental clostridium perfringens by polymerase chain reaction. | toxinotype of clostridium perfringens (cp) isolates collected from the bernam river, selangor river and tengi canal between april 2007 and january 2008 were determined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using published primers. all the 147 isolates were toxinotype type a, harbouring the alpha toxin gene. in addition, 5 of the isolates also had the enterotoxin (cpe) gene. | 2011 | 21602783 |
| a unique endo-β-galactosidase that cleaves both blood group a and b glycotopes. | | 2011 | 21618105 |
| influence of dietary supplementation with bacillus-fermented adlay on lipid metabolism, antioxidant status and intestinal microflora in hamsters. | background: the effects of polished and dehulled bacillus-fermented adlay on lipid metabolism, antioxidant status and intestinal microflora were examined in hyperlipidaemic hamsters fed a high-cholesterol diet. results: hamsters administered bacillus-fermented adlay experienced significantly reduced (p < 0.05) serum and hepatic total cholesterol (by 37-43% and 42-49% respectively) and triglyceride (by 22-27% and 30-35% respectively) levels compared with the high-cholesterol group. lower low-dens ... | 2011 | 21618546 |
| isolation of microbial pathogens of subclinical mastitis from raw sheep's milk of epirus (greece) and their role in its hygiene. | the natural raw milk microflora is a factor that expresses its sensorial characteristics. the microbial charge into the mammary gland of healthy animal is low and the application of right and healthy conditions during milking and cheese making procedure, prevents from contaminating as well as maintains the natural microflora in order to lend the particular characteristics of milk. the purpose of the present project was the study of the total viable count (t.v.c.) and the count of total psychrotr ... | 2011 | 21620987 |
| occurrence of clostridium perfringens from different cultivated soils. | the occurrence of clostridium perfringens was estimated in 750 samples originated from a variety of soils bearing various bulb crops: brawnica oderacea (vegetable), olea europaea, daucus carota (carote), solanum tuberosum (potato), phaseolus vulgaris (green haricot), beta vulgaris var. rapaceum (beetroot), cucurbita pepo (squash), allium cepa (onion), cucumis sativus (cucumber) and capsicum annum (pepper). all isolated strains were tested for their antimicrobial activities to amoxicillin, penici ... | 2011 | 21621626 |
| molecular imaging and contrast agent database (micad) | claudins are transmembrane proteins that belong to the multigene adhesion molecule family and are found in cellular tight junctions. these proteins are considered to be responsible for the establishment of a paracellular barrier that controls the flow of molecules across the intracellular spaces of the epithelium (1). claudins are believed to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation because they also bind cell-signaling ligands (2, 3). there are ~24 known claudins that have a tissue-speci ... | 2004 | 20641748 |
| fatal gas gangrene related to self-injection treatment of anaphylaxis. | | 2011 | 21624755 |
| development and application of a mouse intestinal loop model to study the in vivo action of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. | clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) is responsible for causing the gastrointestinal symptoms of c. perfringens type a food poisoning, the 2(nd) most commonly-identified bacterial foodborne illness in the usa. cpe is produced by sporulating c. perfringens cells in the small intestinal lumen, where it then causes epithelial damage and villous blunting that leads to diarrhea and cramping. those effects are typically self-limiting; however, severe outbreaks of this food poisoning, particularly ... | 2011 | 21628512 |
| fatal case of clostridium perfringens enteritis and bacteraemia in south africa. | clostridium perfringens is an important anaerobic pathogen causing foodborne and non-foodborne gastrointestinal diseases in humans and animals. this pathogen is also the more common clostridium species associated with bacteraemia. we report on a fatal case of c. perfringens infection in an adult with type 2 diabetes. | 2011 | 21628819 |
| comparative genomics of four closely related clostridium perfringens bacteriophages reveals variable evolution among core genes with therapeutic potential. | abstract: background: because biotechnological uses of bacteriophage gene products as alternatives to conventional antibiotics will require a thorough understanding of their genomic context, we sequenced and analyzed the genomes of four closely related phages isolated from clostridium perfringens, an important agricultural and human pathogen. results: phage whole-genome tetra-nucleotide signatures and proteomic tree topologies correlated closely with host phylogeny. comparisons of our phage geno ... | 2011 | 21631945 |
| potential protective immunogenicity of recombinant clostridium perfringens α-β2-β1 fusion toxin in mice, sows and cows. | clostridial toxins are main pathogenic virulence of clostridium perfringens that have been associated with a wide range of diseases in both humans and domestic animals. genetically engineered toxoids have been shown to function as potential vaccine candidates in the prevention of clostridium derived infectious diseases. in this study, we have developed recombinant α-toxin (cpa), β2/β1-fusion toxin (cpb2b1) and α/β2/β1 trivalent fusion-toxin (cpab2b1) as vaccine candidates that may be used to vac ... | 2011 | 21641956 |
| expression of a clostridium perfringens type iv pilin by neisseria gonorrhoeae mediates adherence to muscle cells. | clostridium perfringens is an anaerobic, gram-positive bacterium that causes a range of diseases in humans, including lethal gas gangrene. we have recently shown that strains of c. perfringens move across the surface of agar plates using a unique type iv pili (tfp)-mediated social motility that had not been previously described. based on sequence homology to pilins in gram-negative bacteria, c. perfringens appears to have two pilin subunits, pila1 and pila2. structural prediction analysis indica ... | 2011 | 21646450 |
| rapid label-free identification of mixed bacterial infections by surface plasmon resonance. | abstract: background: early detection of mixed aerobic-anaerobic infection has been a challenge in clinical practice due to the phenotypic changes in complex environments. surface plasmon resonance (spr) biosensor is widely used to detect dna-dna interaction and offers a sensitive and label-free approach in dna research. methods: in this study, we developed a single-stranded dna (ssdna) amplification technique and modified the traditional spr detection system for rapid and simultaneous detection ... | 2011 | 21649913 |
| identification of novel clostridium perfringens type e strains that carry an iota toxin plasmid with a functional enterotoxin gene. | clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) is a major virulence factor for human gastrointestinal diseases, such as food poisoning and antibiotic associated diarrhea. the cpe-encoding gene (cpe) can be chromosomal or plasmid-borne. recent development of conventional pcr cpe-genotyping assays makes it possible to identify cpe location (chromosomal or plasmid) in type a isolates. initial studies for developing cpe genotyping assays indicated that all cpe-positive strains isolated from sickened pati ... | 2011 | 21655254 |
| claudin-4-targeted therapy using clostridium perfringens enterotoxin for prostate cancer. | background: clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) triggers lysis of epithelial cells through binding to tight-junction proteins claudin-3 (cldn3) and cldn4, which are over-expressed in prostate cancer. we investigated the potential of cldn-targeted therapy using cpe. methods: we investigated the expression levels and subcellular localization of cldn3 and cldn4 in primary human prostate cancer tissues, human prostate cancer cell lines (22rv1, du145, and pc3) and normal human prostate epitheli ... | 2011 | 21656836 |
| [spontaneous clostridium infection--often a post-mortem diagnosis]. | infections with clostridium species occur very seldom but then often as a lethal disease. they are mainly associated with trauma, surgery and malignancies, but can also occur with dermal and intestinal infections, burns and septic abortion. the development of gas gangrene is insidious and progression is very rapid. so it may stay unrealized until death and is often diagnosed only at autopsy. | 2011 | 21661254 |
| clinicopathological and immunological studies on toxoids vaccine as a successful alternative in controlling clostridial infection in broilers. | the present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of three vaccination regimes of clostridium perfringens (c.-áperfringens) type a, c and combined a&c toxoids based on their clinical signs and immunological effects. the vaccines were administered two times at two weeks interval (7 & 21 days old), then the birds were challenged (35 days old) with virulent strains of c.-áperfringens type a, c and combined a&c. blood samples were taken one week after the first and second vaccinati ... | 2011 | 21664285 |
| effects of land uses on fecal indicator bacteria in the water and soil of a tropical watershed. | effects of different land uses on densities of escherichia coli, enterococci, and clostridium perfringens in the water and soil of a tropical watershed were investigated. densities of fecal indicator bacteria (fibs) in the watershed exhibited a clear land-use dependency in the stream water. significantly higher concentrations were detected in the urban portion of the stream (417, 420, and 44 cfu 100 ml(-1) for e. coli, enterococci, and c. perfringens, respectively) than in the forest portion (54 ... | 2011 | 21666390 |
| [abscess formation after puncture of a thyroid cyst - a case report.] | acute suppurative thyroiditis is a rarity and review of literature reveals a circumscript number of cases. a case of thyroid abscess formation after punction of a preexistent thyroid cyst is reported. microbiological examination detected the bacterium clostridium perfringens. the therapeutic approach is outlined in this report.ôçâ | 2011 | 21667445 |
| mutated c-terminal fragments of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin have increased affinity to claudin-4 and reversibly modulate tight junctions in vitro. | passage across epithelial cell sheets is the first step in drug absorption. tight junctions (tjs) are located between adjacent epithelial cells and seal the intercellular space preventing leakage of solutes. claudin, a tetra-transmembrane protein family, is a pivotal functional and structural component of the tj barrier. modulation of the claudin-based tj seal is a strategy for mucosal drug absorption. we previously found that a claudin-4 binder, a c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens ... | 2011 | 21672529 |
| avian necrotic enteritis: experimental models, host immunity, pathogenesis, risk factors, and vaccine development. | the increasing trends of legislative restrictions and voluntary removal of antibiotic growth promoters worldwide has already affected, and will continue to affect, poultry production and animal health. necrotic enteritis (ne) is being considered among the most important infectious diseases in the current poultry production system globally, with an estimated annual economic loss of more than $2 billion, largely attributable to medical treatments and impaired growth performance. thus, there is an ... | 2011 | 21673152 |
| clostron-mediated engineering of clostridium. | the genus clostridium is a diverse assemblage of gram positive, anaerobic, endospore-forming bacteria. whilst certain species have achieved notoriety as important animal and human pathogens (e.g. clostridium difficile, clostridium botulinum, clostridium tetani, and clostridium perfringens), the vast majority of the genus are entirely benign, and are able to undertake all manner of useful biotransformations. prominent amongst them are those species able to produce the biofuels, butanol and ethano ... | 2011 | 21815105 |
| evidence for a prepore stage in the action of clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin. | clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (etx) rapidly kills mdck ii cells at 37°c, but not 4°c. the current study shows that, in mdck ii cells, etx binds and forms an oligomeric complex equally well at 37°c and 4°c but only forms a pore at 37°c. however, the complex formed in mdck cells treated with etx at 4°c has the potential to form an active pore, since shifting those cells to 37°c results in rapid cytotoxicity. those results suggested that the block in pore formation at 4°c involves temperatu ... | 2011 | 21814565 |
| necrotic enteritis in broilers: an updated review on the pathogenesis. | clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis and related subclinical disease have become economically significant problems for the broiler industry. fortunately, scientific interest in this topic has grown: new c. perfringens virulence factors have been discovered and new insight gained about the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis. it has been shown that alpha toxin, for a long time thought to be the key virulence factor, is not essential for the development of the disease. moreover, it is ... | 2011 | 21812711 |
| a toxicological evaluation of a claudin modulator, the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin, in mice. | tight junctions (tjs) maintain cellular polarity between the apical and basolateral region of epithelial cells. claudin, a tetra-transmembrane protein, plays a pivotal role in the barrier function of tjs. we previously found that a claudin modulator, the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (c-cpe), may be a promising candidate for improving the mucosal absorption of drugs. c-cpe is a fragment of enterotoxin, and putative cpe claudin receptors are highly expressed in liver ... | 2011 | 21812332 |
| clostridium perfringens tpel is expressed during sporulation. | clostridium perfringenstpel belongs to the family of large clostridial toxins. although recent studies demonstrated the expression of tpel during vegetative growth nothing is known about tpel expression during sporulation. our current study demonstrated that tpel: (i) is also expressed during sporulation; (ii) expression is dependent on the master regulator of sporulation, spo0a, and the sporulation-specific sigma factor, sige; and (iii) is localized to the mother cell compartment of the sporula ... | 2011 | 21810463 |
| physical, chemical and microbiological quality of ice used to cool drinks and foods in greece and its public health implications. | ice used for direct human consumption or to preserve foods and cool down drinks can be contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms and may potentially become a vehicle for consumer's infection. to evaluate physical, chemical and microbiological quality of commercial ice and ice used for fish and seafood, 100 ice samples collected at 10 different retail points in the region of epirus were studied. the following microbiological parameters were determined: total coliforms, fecal coliforms, salmonel ... | 2011 | 21802520 |
| humoral immunity and injection-site reactions in cattle vaccinated with a multivalent clostridial vaccine administered via subcutaneous injection or via transdermal needle-free injection. | objective-to evaluate injection-site reactions and serum antibody titers in cattle vaccinated with a clostridial vaccine administered sc or via needle-free transdermal injection. animals-sixteen 11-to 12-month-old herefords. procedures-cattle in 2 groups were vaccinated on days 0 and 28 with a commercially available multivalent clostridial vaccine administered sc or transdermally injection sites and serum antibody titers were evaluated at several time points after vaccination. serum antibody tit ... | 2011 | 21801072 |
| host serum factor triggers germination of clostridium perfringens spores lacking the cortex hydrolysis machinery. | clostridium perfringens type a is the causative agent of a variety of histotoxic and enteric diseases. the ability of c. perfringens spores to germinate in vivo might be due to the presence of nutrient germinants in the host tissue and blood. in the current study, we investigated the ability of spores of c. perfringens wild-type and mutant strains to germinate in blood. results indicate that spores of all three surveyed c. perfringens wild-type isolates germinated better in blood than in brain h ... | 2011 | 21799201 |
| the role of an early salmonella typhimurium infection as a predisposing factor for necrotic enteritis in a laboratory challenge model. | necrotic enteritis (ne) caused by clostridium perfringens (cp) in poultry is an important bacterial disease in terms of economic implications. the disease is multifactorial and is invariably associated with predisposing factors. in the present experiments, we investigated the potential predisposing role of neonatal salmonella typhimurium (st) infection for ne-associated mortality in a laboratory challenge model. in two experiments, day-of-hatch chicks were randomly assigned to four groups: group ... | 2011 | 21793451 |
| a rare case of secondary bacterial peritonitis from clostridium perfringens in an adult patient with noncirrhotic ascites and a krukenberg tumor: report of a case. | secondary bacterial peritonitis, in comparison to spontaneous, presents with a surgically treatable intraabdominal source for infection such as a gastrointestinal perforation or abscess and is nearly always polymicrobial. we present a rare case of secondary bacterial peritonitis from clostridium perfringens in an adult patient with noncirrhotic ascites and a krukenberg tumor. | 2011 | 21785606 |
| characterization of the ß?-crystallin domains of ß?-cat, a non-lens ß?-crystallin and trefoil factor complex, from the skin of the toad bombina maxima. | ß?-cat is a naturally existing 72-kda complex of a non-lens ß?-crystallin (a-subunit, cat-a) and a trefoil factor (ß-subunit, cat-ß) that contains a non-covalently linked form of aß(2) and was isolated from the skin secretions of the toad bombina maxima. the n-terminal region of cat-a (cat-an, residues 1-170) contains two ß?-crystallin domains while the c-terminal region (cat-ac) has sequence homology to the membrane insertion domain of the clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin. to examine the b ... | 2011 | 21784123 |
| cellular vacuolation induced by clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin. | the epsilon-toxin of clostridium perfringens forms a heptamer in the membranes of madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells, leading to cell death. here, we report that it caused the vacuolation of mdck cells. the toxin induced vacuolation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. the monomer of the toxin formed oligomers on lipid rafts in membranes of the cells. methyl-beta-cyclodextrin and peg4000 inhibited the vacuolation. epsilon-toxin was internalized into the cells. confocal microscopy revealed t ... | 2011 | 21781280 |
| swimmer risk of gastrointestinal illness from exposure to tropical coastal waters impacted by terrestrial dry-weather runoff. | this study used molecular methods to measure concentrations of four enteric viruses (adenovirus, enterovirus, norovirus gi, and norovirus gii) and fecal source tracking markers (human, ruminant, and pig bacteroidales) in land-based runoff from 22 tropical streams on o'ahu, hawai'i. each stream was sampled twice in the morning and afternoon during dry weather. viruses and human bacteroidales were widespread in the streams. watershed septic tank densities were positively associated with higher occ ... | 2011 | 21780808 |
| pathogenic bacteria in sewage treatment plants as revealed by 454 pyrosequencing. | this study applied 454 high-throughput pyrosequencing to analyze potentially pathogenic bacteria in activated sludge from 14 municipal wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) across four countries (china, u.s., canada, and singapore), plus the influent and effluent of one of the 14 wwtps. a total of 370?870 16s rrna gene sequences with average length of 207 bps were obtained and all of them were assigned to corresponding taxonomic ranks by using rdp classifier and megan. it was found that the most a ... | 2011 | 21780772 |
| [antimicrobial activity of bacteriocin s760 produced by enterococcus faecium strain lwp760]. | antimicrobial activity of bacteriocin s760 (enterocin) produced by enterococcusfaecium strain lwp760 was studied. bacteriocin s760 is a cationic, hydrophobic, and heat stable peptide with the molecular weight of 5.5 kda and pl of 9.8. enterocin s760 is shown to inhibit in vitro the growth both of sensitive and resistant to antibacterials gramnegative and grampositive bacteria of 25 species. mics of the bacteriocin s760 vary between 0.05-1.6 mg/l for escherichia coli 0157:h117, salmonella typhimu ... | 2011 | 21780664 |
| colostrum and amniotic fluid from different species exhibit similar immunomodulating effects in bacterium-stimulated dendritic cells. | the fetus and newborn are immunologically immature. bioactive compounds in amniotic fluid (af) and maternal milk therefore play a key role in the immunological development of the infant intestine. we hypothesized that colostrum and af exert similar immunomodulatory effects on the developing immune system. hence, bone marrow-derived murine dendritic cells (bmdcs) were co-incubated with clostridium perfringens a or escherichia coli nissle 1917 and porcine, bovine, or human af, colostrum/milk whey ... | 2011 | 21777143 |
| membrane translocation of binary actin-adp-ribosylating toxins from clostridium difficile and clostridium perfringens is facilitated by cyclophilin a and hsp90. | some hypervirulent strains of clostridium difficile produce the binary actin-adp-ribosylating toxin cdt in addition to the rho-glucosylating toxins a and b. it has been suggested that the presence of cdt increases the severity of the c. difficile-associated diseases including pseudomembranous colitis. cdt contains a binding and translocation component cdtb, which mediates the transport of the separate enzyme component cdta into the cytosol of target cells, where cdta modifies actin. here, we hav ... | 2011 | 21768281 |
| etiologic agents and diseases found associated with clinical aspergillosis in falcons. | the aim of this study was to describe parasitological, microbiological, and pathological findings associated with the isolation of aspergillus species in 94?clinically diseased captive falcons from dubai. concomitant agents and/or diseases were identified in 64?cases, causing either single (n = 36) or multiple coinfections (n = 28). diagnoses found more often in association with aspergillosis were chronic fatigue and immune dysfunction syndrome (cfids) (n = 29), caryospora sp. (n = 16), serratos ... | 2011 | 21754937 |
| molecular typing of clostridium perfringens toxins recovered from central saudi arabia. | this study reports on comparisons between polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and conventional diagnostic methods for typing clostridium perfringens toxins collected from central saudi arabia. | 2011 | 21748201 |
| induction of neurite-outgrowth in pc12 cells by alpha-toxin from clostridium perfringens. | alpha-toxin-induced phosphorylation of pdk1 via the tyrosine kinase a (trka) receptor signaling pathway plays an important role in the activation of rabbit neutrophils. the relation between the toxin and trka, however, remains poorly understood. here, we show that the toxin-induced phosphorylation of trka is closely related to the induction of neurite-outgrowth in pc12 cells. the toxin induced neurite-outgrowth and phosphorylation of trka in the cells in a dose-dependent manner. k252a, a trka in ... | 2011 | 21740889 |
| efficient inhibition of germination of coat-deficient bacterial spores by multivalent metal cations, including terbium (tb3+). | release of dipicolinic acid (dpa) and its fluorescence with terbium (tb(3+)) allow rapid measurement of the germination and viability of spores of bacillus and clostridium species. however, germination of coat-deficient bacillus spores was strongly inhibited by tb(3+) and some other multivalent cations. tb(3+) also inhibited germination of coat-deficient clostridium perfringens spores. | 2011 | 21685163 |
| unexpected wide substrate specificity of c. perfringens +¦-toxin phospholipase c. | clostridium perfringens phospholipase c (cpplc), also called +¦-toxin, is the main virulence factor for gas gangrene in humans. the lipase activity serves the bacterium to generate lipid signals in the host eukaryotic cell, and ultimately to degrade the host cell membranes. several previous reports indicated that cpplc was specific for phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. molecular docking studies described in this paper predict favorable interactions of the cpplc active site with other phosph ... | 2011 | 21704605 |
| interactions between clostridium perfringens enterotoxin and claudins. | clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe), a single polypeptide of approximately 35 kda in size, is -associated with type a food poisoning and such non-foodborne gastrointestinal diseases as antibiotic-associated diarrhea and sporadic diarrhea. cpe action begins with binding of the toxin to a claudin -receptor, forming a ôê+90 kda small complex that then rapidly oligomerizes into a hexamer of ôê+450 kda termed ch-1 (cpe hexamer-1). ch-1 is essentially a pore through which calcium gains entry to ... | 2011 | 21717349 |
| epidemiology of food-borne disease outbreaks in the french armed forces: a review of investigations conducted from 1999 to 2009. | objective: aim of this study was to describe the main characteristics of food-borne disease outbreaks (fbdos) in the french armed forces from 1999 to 2009. methods: fbdos are reported to the military epidemiological surveillance system, which concerns all active military personnel. investigation reports published from 1999 to 2009 were reviewed. results: among the 180 fbdos reported, 48.3% occurred overseas. the mean reporting rate was 2.4 outbreaks p.100,000 in france and 26.7 p.100,000 oversea ... | 2011 | 21840337 |
| clostridium perfringens endophthalmitis following perforating eye injury. | a 59-year-old man presented with endophthalmitis, following a perforating eye injury from pulling out a wire that was embedded in the ground. on presentation, his vision was perception of light (pl). tetanus toxoid was given, and he was commenced on ciprofloxacin. a primary repair was performed. conjunctival swabs, discharge from wound site and anterior chamber aspirate were sent for culture. the eye was tense and the anterior chamber was full of a gelatinous brown substance which precluded perf ... | 2009 | 21747903 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of clostridium perfringens isolates of bovine, chicken, porcine, and turkey origin from ontario. | antimicrobial susceptibilities and toxin types were determined for 275 clostridium perfringens isolates collected in ontario in the spring of 2005. minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of c. perfringens isolates for 12 antimicrobials used in therapy, prophylaxis, and/or growth promotion of cattle (n = 40), swine (n = 75), turkeys (n = 50), and chickens (n = 100) were determined using the microbroth dilution method. statistical analyses and mic distributions showed reduced susceptibility to b ... | 2011 | 21731178 |
| chapter 2-12-6. anaerobic infections (individual fields): food poisoning due to clostridium perfringens. | | 2011 | 21728112 |
| the cysteine protease +¦-clostripain is not essential for the pathogenesis of clostridium perfringens-mediated myonecrosis. | clostridium perfringens is the causative agent of clostridial myonecrosis or gas gangrene and produces many different extracellular toxins and enzymes, including the cysteine protease +¦-clostripain. mutation of the +¦-clostripain structural gene, ccp, alters the turnover of secreted extracellular proteins in c. perfringens, but the role of +¦-clostripain in disease pathogenesis is not known. we insertionally inactivated the ccp gene c. perfringens strain 13 using targetron technology, construct ... | 2011 | 21829506 |
| acute diarrhoea: an unusual presentation. | an obese diabetic male presented with self limiting diarrhoea of 1 day duration, which had started after he ate sausages. examination was unrevealing except for persistent low blood pressure. computed tomographic (ct) scan, done to rule out retroperitoneal bleed, incidentally showed air in the gall bladder. he underwent emergent cholecystectomy, and a gangrenous gall bladder that grew clostridium perfringens was removed. emphysematous cholecystitis is not so infrequent, although only rarely does ... | 2009 | 21686790 |
| effect of trypsin inhibitor activity in soya bean on growth performance, protein digestibility and incidence of sub-clinical necrotic enteritis in broiler chicken flocks. | 1. the effect of three different levels of dietary trypsin inhibitor activity (achieved by varying the amount of non-toasted full fat soya bean in replacement for toasted full fat soya bean) on the incidence of spontaneously-occurring sub-clinical necrotic enteritis (ne) in broiler chickens was compared. a fourth dietary treatment compared the effect of a diet that used potato protein concentrate as the major protein source. the determined trypsin inhibitor activity increased with the increasing ... | 2011 | 21732882 |
| a novel toxin regulator, the cpe1446-cpe1447 protein heteromeric complex, controls toxin genes in clostridium perfringens. | clostridium perfringensis a gram-positive anaerobic spore-forming bacterium that is widespread in environmental soil and sewage, as well as in animal intestines. it is also a causative agent of diseases in humans and other animals, and it produces numerous extracellular enzymes and toxins. although these toxins have been characterized in detail, regulators of toxin genes are less well understood. the present study identified cpe1447 and cpe1446 as novel regulators of toxin gene expression. cpe14 ... | 2011 | 21725013 |
| hygienic quality and antibiotic resistance profile of sliced butchery. | in order to investigate the microbiological quality of different meat products on the greek market, 200 samples were collected from the following preparations: boiled turkey (n=50), boiled pork ham (n=50), smoked turkey (n=50) and smoked pork ham (n=50). in all cold meat preparations clostridium perfringens vegetative and spore forms, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and other clostridium sp lec(-), as well as lactobacillus, bacillus sp. and salmonella sp. were recovered. for instance bac ... | 2011 | 21722746 |
| claudin-4: functional studies beyond the tight junction. | claudin-4 is an unusual member of the claudin family; in addition to its role in epithelial tight junction barrier function, it is a receptor for the clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. we have also found that claudin-4 is regulated in mucosal epithelium m cells, both in increased expression of the protein and in redistribution into endocytosis vesicles. our ongoing studies are studying the potential for developing ligands specific to claudin-4 for targeted delivery of cargo such as proteins an ... | 2011 | 21717353 |
| evolution of clostridia and streptomycetes in full-scale composting facilities and pilot drums equipped with on-line temperature monitoring and aeration. | the evolution of sporulating bacteria in full-scale composting facilities with online temperature monitoring has been poorly studied, although organic matter recycling increases. we analysed clostridium perfringens and sulphite-reducing clostridia (src) by cultivation, and streptomycetes by real-time pcr in five full-scale, temperature-monitored and aerated composting processes, and two pilot-scale drum composters. facilities composted woodchips, sawdust, peat, or bark amended sludge or source-s ... | 2011 | 21719280 |
| structure of the food-poisoning clostridium perfringens enterotoxin reveals similarity to the aerolysin-like pore-forming toxins. | clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) is a major cause of food poisoning and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. upon its release from c. perfringens spores, cpe binds to its receptor, claudin, at the tight junctions between the epithelial cells of the gut wall and subsequently forms pores in the cell membranes. a number of different complexes between cpe and claudin have been observed, and the process of pore formation has not been fully elucidated. we have determined the three-dimensional stru ... | 2011 | 21839091 |
| eradication of chemotherapy-resistant cd44+ human ovarian cancer stem cells in mice by intraperitoneal administration of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. | background: emerging evidence has suggested that the capability to sustain tumor formation, growth, and chemotherapy resistance in ovarian as well as other human malignancies exclusively resides in a small proportion of tumor cells termed cancer stem cells. during the characterization of cd44(+) ovarian cancer stem cells, we found a high expression of the genes encoding for claudin-4. because this tight junction protein is the natural high-affinity receptor for clostridium perfringens enterotoxi ... | 2011 | 21692061 |
| factors associated with the quality of well water and the prevalence of waterborne diseases in the municipality of abomey-calavi in benin. | the objective of this work is to assess the factors associated with the water quality of household wells, suggest solutions to improve it, and study the prevalence of water-borne diseases in this community. the quality of well water and the prevalence of waterborne diseases in the municipality were studied by analysis of the microbiological indicators currently used to assess drinking-water quality and the retrospective study of waterborne diseases treated in the local health centres. the wells ... | 2011 | 21700557 |
| effects of necrotic enteritis challenge on intestinal micro-architecture and mucin profile. | 1. this study investigated the effect of eimeria spp./clostridium perfringens induced necrotic enteritis and traditional antibiotic preventatives on intestinal micro-architecture and mucin profile. 2. a total of 600 cobb 500 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to the following three groups: (i) unchallenged, (ii) challenged, and (iii) zinc bacitracin/monensin (znb/monensin) (n = 25 chickens/pen, 8 pens/group). the challenged and znb/monensin chickens were individually inoculated with eimeria ... | 2011 | 21919578 |
| microbial safety of air-dried and rewetted biosolids. | to assess microbial safety of treated sewage sludge (biosolids), we examined the inactivation of microbial indicators for potential bacterial, viral and protozoan pathogens. the levels of indicators were determined throughout the air-drying and storage phases of anaerobically digested sewage sludge. samples were collected from two wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) in victoria, australia. established methods were applied for analysis of bacteria and coliphages, based on membrane filtration and ... | 2011 | 21942204 |
| effect of direct-fed microbials on performance and clostridium perfringens colonization of turkey poults. | clostridium perfringens is recognized as an enteric pathogen in humans, domestic animals, and livestock. this organism is associated with necrotic enteritis, gangrenous dermatitis, clostridial dermatitis (turkeys), and gizzard erosions in poultry. this study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a direct-fed microbial (dfm), primalac (star labs, clarksdale, mo), in preventing intestinal colonization of turkey poults with c. perfringens. one-day-old turkey poults (n = 128) were randomly ... | 2011 | 22010255 |
| the effect of probiotics on faecal microbiota and genotoxic activity of faecal water in patients with atopic dermatitis: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. | background: colonic microbiota is involved in the etiology of colon cancer according to several reports. studies also indicate that the microbiota differs between atopic patients and healthy subjects. objective: to evaluate whether a probiotic mix containing lactobacillus paracasei lpc-37, lactobacillus acidophilus 74-2, and bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis dgcc 420 can affect the microbiota and its genotoxic activity in healthy subjects and patients with atopic dermatitis (ad). methods: a ... | 2011 | 21963389 |
| acid phosphatase test proves superior to standard phenotypic identification procedure for clostridium perfringens strains isolated from water. | clostridium perfringens is used as an indicator for persistent faecal pollution as well as to monitor the efficacy of water treatment processes. for these purposes, differentiation between c. perfringens and other clostridia is essential and is routinely carried out by phenotypic standard tests as proposed in the iso/cd 6461-2:2002 (iso_lgmn: lactose fermentation, gelatine liquidation, motility and nitrate reduction). because the iso_lgmn procedure is time consuming and labour intensive, the aci ... | 2011 | 21872622 |
| [Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance of Clostridium perfringens isolates of different origins from Costa Rica]. | Clostridium perfringens, a Gram positive, spore-forming anaerobe, is widely distributed in nature. Based upon their production of four major toxins alpha, beta, epsilon and iota, C. perfringens is classified into five toxinotypes (A-E). Some strains produce an enterotoxin (CPE), encoded by the cpe gene, which causes diarrhea in humans and some animals. C. perfringens strains that had been previously isolated and been kept at -80 degrees C were analyzed for the presence of toxin genes and for ant ... | 2011 | 22208067 |
| Structural analysis of CPF_2247, a novel a-amylase from Clostridium perfringens. | CPF_2247 from Clostridium perfringens ATCC 13124 was identified as a putative carbohydrate-active enzyme by its low sequence identity to endo-ß-1,4-glucanases belonging to family 8 of the glycoside hydrolase classification. The X-ray crystal structure of CPF_2247 determined to 2.0 Å resolution by single-wavelength anomalous dispersion using seleno-methionine-substituted protein revealed an (a/a)(6) barrel fold. A large cleft on the surface of the protein contains residues that are structurally c ... | 2011 | 21905105 |
| characterization and distribution of the gene cluster encoding rumc, an anti-clostridium perfringens bacteriocin produced in the gut. | ruminococcin c (rumc) is a trypsin-dependent bacteriocin produced by ruminococcus gnavus e1, a gram-positive strict anaerobic strain isolated from human feces. it consists of at least three similar peptides active against clostridium perfringens. in this article, a 15-kb region from r. gnavus e1 chromosome, containing the biosynthetic gene cluster of rumc was characterized. it harbored 17 open reading frames (called rum(c) genes) with predicted functions in bacteriocin biosynthesis and post-tran ... | 2011 | 22092178 |
| mechanism of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin interaction with claudin-3/-4 protein suggests structural modifications of the toxin to target specific claudins. | claudins (cld) are essential constituents of tight junctions. domain i of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (ccpe) binds to the second extracellular loop (ecl2) of a subset of claudins, e.g. cld3/4 and influences tight junction formation. we aimed to identify interacting interfaces and to alter claudin specificity of ccpe. mutagenesis, binding assays, and molecular modeling were performed. mutation-guided ecl2 docking of cld3/4 onto the crystal structure of ccpe revealed a common orientation o ... | 2011 | 22128179 |
| Selection of herbal therapeutics against deltatoxin mediated Clostridial infections. | Clostridium perfringens (a versatile pathogenic bacterium) secretes enterotoxins (the deltatoxin, virulent factor) and causes food borne gastroenteritis and gasgangrene. The organism was isolated and characterized from improperly cooked meat and poultry samples. The isolated organism showed multiple drug resistance indicating that the treatment is challenging. Hence, there is need for improved therapeutic agents. The rational design of improved therapeutics requires the crystal structure for the ... | 2011 | 21904424 |
| Functional insight into the C-terminal extension of halolysin SptA from haloarchaeon Natrinema sp. J7. | Halolysin SptA from haloarchaeon Natrinema sp. J7 consists of a subtilisin-like catalytic domain and a C-terminal extension (CTE) containing two cysteine residues. In this report, we have investigated the function of the CTE using recombinant enzymes expressed in Haloferax volcanii WFD11. Deletion of the CTE greatly reduced but did not abolish protease activity, which suggests that the CTE is not essential for enzyme folding. Mutational analysis suggests that residues Cys303 and Cys338 within th ... | 2011 | 21886797 |
| effects of non-fermented and fermented soybean milk intake on faecal microbiota and faecal metabolites in humans. | the effects of non-fermented soybean milk (nfsm) and fermented soybean milk (fsm) intake on the faecal microbiota and metabolic activities in 10 healthy volunteers were investigated. soybean oligosaccharides, raffinose and stachyose were utilized by bifidobacteria except for bifidobacterium bifidum, but most strains of escherichia coli and clostridium perfringens could not use them. during the dietary administration of fsm, the number of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the faeces increased (p ... | 2011 | 22040525 |
| aberrant structures of fecal bacterial community in allergic infants profiled by 16s rrna gene pyrosequencing. | we investigated the correlation between fecal bacteria composition in early infancy and the prevalence of allergic diseases in late infancy. the fecal microbiota in the first 2 months was profiled using the 16s rrna v6 short-tag sequences in the community and statistically compared between two groups of subjects who did and did not show allergic symptoms in the first 2 years (n = 11 vs. 11). in the allergic group, genus bacteroides at 1 month and genera propionibacterium and klebsiella at 2 mont ... | 2011 | 22029688 |
| netb, a pore-forming toxin from necrotic enteritis strains of clostridium perfringens. | the clostridium perfringens necrotic enteritis b-like toxin (netb) is a recently discovered member of the ß-barrel pore-forming toxin family and is produced by a subset of avian c. perfringens type a strains. netb is cytotoxic for avian cells and is associated with avian necrotic enteritis. this review examines the current state of knowledge of netb: its role in pathogenesis, its distribution and expression in c. perfringens and its vaccine potential. | 2010 | 22069665 |
| [A non-invasive drug delivery system using claudin binder]. | The intercellular spaces between adjacent epithelial cells are sealed by tight junctions (TJs). Modulation of TJ-seal is a potent strategy for drug absorption. Claudin is a key structural and functional component of TJ-seal. Claudin comprises a tetra-transmembrane protein family consisting of more than 20 members, whose expression profiles and barrier-function differ among tissues. For instance, claudin-1 plays roles in the epidermal and mucosal barriers, and claudin-4 regulates the mucosal barr ... | 2011 | 22041696 |
| complex transcriptional regulation of citrate metabolism in clostridium perfringens. | a gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium, clostridium perfringens, possesses genes for citrate metabolism, which might play an important role in the utilization of citrate as a sole carbon source. in this study, we identified a chromosomal citcdefx-mae-cits operon in c. perfringens strain 13, which is transcribed on three mrnas of different sizes. expression of the cit operon was significantly induced when 5 mm extracellular citrate was added to the growth medium. most interestingly, three regul ... | 2011 | 21945821 |
| Successful treatment of necrotizing fasciitis in an upper extremity caused by Clostridium perfringens after bone marrow transplantation. | We report a 47-year-old man with acute leukemia who survived a severe case of necrotizing fasciitis caused by Clostridium perfringens involving his right upper extremity. On day 5 after stem cell transplantation, progressive local tissue necrosis led to septicemia and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of appropriate therapy, including surgical debridement and broad-spectrum antibiotics, were crucial. A recombinant thrombomodulin might have not only res ... | 2011 | 21963743 |
| clostridium perfringens iota-toxin: structure and function. | clostridium perfringens iota-toxin is composed of the enzyme component (ia) and the binding component (ib). ib binds to receptor on targeted cells and translocates ia into the cytosol of the cells. ia adp-ribosylates actin, resulting in cell rounding and death. comparisons of the deduced amino acid sequence from the gene and three-dimensional structure of ia with those of adp-ribosylating toxins (arts) suggests that there is striking structural similarity among these toxins. our objectives are t ... | 2009 | 22069542 |
| immersion vacuum cooling of cooked beef - safety and process considerations regarding beef joint size. | cooked beef samples (1, 2, and 3kg; 4.7, 5.6, and 6.2cm average radius, respectively) were cooled from ~72 to 4°c core temperature using either air blast (ab), immersion vacuum (ivc) or vacuum (vc) cooling. ivc cooled larger samples within 4h and took less than 2.5h between 72 and 10°c. ivc cooling times were on average shorter than ab and longer than vc for all sizes. differences increased with size. ivc and ab cooling losses were comparable (p>0.05) while lower on average (p<0.05) than vc loss ... | 2008 | 22063591 |
| diversity and bioactive potential of endospore-forming bacteria cultured from the marine sponge haliclona simulans. | despite the frequent isolation of endospore-formers from marine sponges, little is known about the diversity and characterization of individual isolates. the main aims of this study were to isolate and characterize the spore-forming bacteria from the marine sponge haliclona simulans and to examine their potential as a source for bioactive compounds. | 2012 | 21985154 |
| potentially pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial resistance in bioaerosols from cage-housed and floor-housed poultry operations. | background: antibiotics are used in animal confinement buildings, such as cage-housed (ch) and floor-housed (fh) poultry operations, to lower the likeliness of disease transmission. in fh facilities, antibiotics may also be used at sub-therapeutic levels for growth promotion. low levels of antibiotic create a selective pressure toward antimicrobial resistance (amr) in chicken fecal bacteria. objective: the objective of this study was to compare bacteria and amr genes in bioaerosols from ch and ... | 2011 | 22156572 |
| identification, isolation and characterization of a novel azoreductase from clostridium perfringens. | azo dyes are used widely in the textile, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries as colorants and are often sources of environmental pollution. there are many microorganisms that are able to reduce azo dyes by use of an azoreductase enzyme. it is through the reduction of the azo bonds of the dyes that carcinogenic metabolites are produced thereby a concern for human health. the field of research on azoreductases is growing, but there is very little information available on azoreductases fro ... | 2011 | 22182443 |
| Clostridium perfringens iota-toxin b induces rapid cell necrosis. | Clostridium perfringens iota-toxin is a binary toxin composed of an enzyme component (Ia) and a binding component (Ib). Each component alone lacks toxic activity, but together they produce cytotoxic effects. We examined the cytotoxicity of iota-toxin Ib in eight cell lines. A431 and A549 cells were susceptible to Ib, but MDCK, Vero, CHO, Caco-2, HT-29, and DLD-1 cells were not. Ib bound and formed oligomers in the membranes of A431 and MDCK cells. However, Ib entered MDCK cells but not A431 cell ... | 2011 | 21911469 |
| use of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin and the enterotoxin receptor-binding domain (c-cpe) for cancer treatment: opportunities and challenges. | clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) causes the symptoms associated with several common gastrointestinal diseases. cpe is a 35 kda polypeptide consisting of three structured domains, that is, c-terminal domain i (responsible for receptor binding), domain ii (responsible for oligomerization and membrane insertion), and domain iii (which may participate in physical changes when the cpe protein inserts into membranes). native cpe binds to claudin receptors, which are components of the tight ju ... | 2012 | 21941545 |
| Necrotic enteritis in collared (Pecari tajacu) and white-lipped (Tayassu pecari) peccaries. | An outbreak of necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens type C was diagnosed in captive collared (Pecari tajacu) and white-lipped (Tayassu pecari) peccaries housed in the Laboratory of Applied Ethology of Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz located in Ilhéus, State of Bahia, Brazil. Four collared peccaries and three white-lipped peccaries, all juveniles (25-105 days old), were affected. For all affected animals, lethargy and inappetance were followed by sudden death within 24 hours. ... | 2011 | 22204072 |
| cell surface hydrophobicity and attachment of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria to meat surfaces. | cell surface hydrophobicity of several pathogenic and spoilage bacteria was determined by hydrocarbon adherence, adhesion to nitrocellulose filter, salt aggregation and adherence to phenyl-sepharose beads. hydrophobicity of each bacterium was dependent on the method of measurement. hydrophobicity was compared with the strength of attachment (sr) of the bacteria to beef muscle surfaces. bacterial cell surface hydrophobicity, as determined by the bacterial adherence to xylene correlated well with ... | 1997 | 22061665 |
| Gas discharge plasmas are effective in inactivating Bacillus and Clostridium spores. | Bacterial spores are the most resistant form of life and have been a major threat to public health and food safety. Nonthermal atmospheric gas discharge plasma is a novel sterilization method that leaves no chemical residue. In our study, a helium radio-frequency cold plasma jet was used to examine its sporicidal effect on selected strains of Bacillus and Clostridium. The species tested included Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Clostridium sporogenes, Clostridium perfringens, Clos ... | 2011 | 22075631 |
| Lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) is the host receptor for the binary toxin Clostridium difficile transferase (CDT). | Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. Hypervirulent strains of the pathogen, which are responsible for increased morbidity and mortality of CDI, produce the binary actin-ADP ribosylating toxin Clostridium difficile transferase (CDT) in addition to the Rho-glucosylating toxins A and B. CDT depolymerizes the actin cytoskeleton, increases adherence and colonization of Clostridia by induction of microtubule-based cell protrusions an ... | 2011 | 21930894 |
| fulminant septic shock due to clostridium perfringens skin and soft tissue infection eight years after liver transplantation. | bacterial and fungal infections are the main cause of death within the first year after liver transplantation. clostridium perfringens is the most common germ causing gas gangrene. infections with clostridium perfringens may present in a variety of clinical manifestations, reaching from asymptomatic infections to massive intravascular haemolysis and multiple organ failure due to septic shock. | 2011 | 21959524 |
| are microbial indicators and pathogens correlated? a statistical analysis of 40 years of research. | indicator organisms are used to assess public health risk in recreational waters, to highlight periods of challenge to drinking water treatment plants, and to determine the effectiveness of treatment and the quality of distributed water. however, many have questioned their efficacy for indicating pathogen risk. five hundred and forty cases representing independent indicator-pathogen correlations were obtained from the literature for the period 1970-2009. the data were analyzed to assess factors ... | 2011 | 21942192 |
| novel clostridium perfringens enterotoxin suicide gene therapy for selective treatment of claudin-3- and -4-overexpressing tumors. | bacterial toxins are known to be effective for cancer therapy. clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) is produced by the bacterial clostridium type a strain. the transmembrane proteins claudin-3 and -4, often overexpressed in numerous human epithelial tumors (for example, colon, breast, pancreas, prostate and ovarian), are the targeted receptors for cpe. cpe binding to them triggers formation of membrane pore complexes leading to rapid cell death. in this study, we aimed at selective tumor ce ... | 2011 | 21975465 |
| prevalence of selected bacterial and parasitic agents in feces from diarrheic and healthy control cats from northern california. | background: bacterial and parasitic agents are commonly implicated as causes of diarrhea in cats, but there is a paucity of information evaluating epidemiological and prevalence factors associated with most of these organisms in cats. objectives: determine the prevalence of selected enteropathogens in diarrheic and nondiarrheic cats. animals: a total of 219 diarrheic and 54 nondiarrheic cats. methods: prospective study. fresh fecal specimens were submitted for centrifugation flotation, culture, ... | 2011 | 22182203 |
| sugar inhibits the production of the toxins that trigger clostridial gas gangrene. | histotoxic strains of clostridium perfringens cause human gas gangrene, a devastating infection during which potent tissue-degrading toxins are produced and secreted. although this pathogen only grows in anaerobic-nutrient-rich habitats such as deep wounds, very little is known regarding how nutritional signals influence gas gangrene-related toxin production. we hypothesize that sugars, which have been used throughout history to prevent wound infection, may represent a nutritional signal against ... | 2012 | 22079896 |