| genotypic variation of pneumocystis jirovecii isolates in india based on sequence diversity at mitochondrial large subunit rrna. | pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp), a common and serious opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients, is caused by pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly known as pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis). the aim of the present study was to describe the prevalence and distribution of genotypes of p. jirovecii based on sequence polymorphisms at mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal rna (mt lsu rrna) region in both hiv and non-hiv immunocompromised individuals with a positive pcr result for pcp in a ter ... | 2011 | 20705505 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a hiv-positive patient. | | 2010 | 20726370 |
| evidence for dna synthesis in pneumocystis carinii trophozoites treated with the beta-1,3-glucan synthesis inhibitor pneumocandin l-693,989. | pneumocandins inhibit beta-1,3-glucan synthesis preventing the development of pneumocystis cysts that are absent from the lungs of treated rats. to determine whether treated trophozoites are capable of dna replication, cytochemical analyses were performed on 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (dapi)- and db181-stained pneumocystis carinii isolated from pneumocandin l-693-989-treated rats. fluorescence intensities of trophozoite nuclei from drug-treated rats were greater than those of untreated contro ... | 2010 | 20738464 |
| gastrectomy and chemotherapy with s-1 for gastric cancer in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | total gastrectomy and chemotherapy with s-1 after surgery were performed in a 50-year-old woman with gastric cancer associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). she was given a diagnosis of gastric cancer at the lesser curvature of the body of the stomach, and distal gastrectomy was performed in december 2004. the postoperative course was eventful, with persistent high fever of unknown origin after surgery and infiltrative shadows in the bilateral lung fields showing on ct scan. po ... | 2011 | 20811920 |
| the use of sirolimus as a rescue therapy in pediatric intestinal transplant recipients. | to review our experience with srl as a second-line therapy in our series of 45 sbtx recipients (1997-2009). retrospective review of five children converted to srl: 3 m/2 f; median of three yr old (range 20 months-18 yr); rescue indications, adverse events with srl, resolution of tacrolimus-related side effects, incidence of rejection, ptld, or gvhd were summarized. tacrolimus was discontinued (average 13 months after transplant) because of refractory hemolytic anemia in four patients with decrea ... | 2010 | 20946188 |
| severe pneumonia caused by combined infection with pneumocystis jiroveci, parainfluenza virus type 3, cytomegalovirus, and aspergillus fumigatus in a patient with stevens-johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis. | stevens-johnson syndrome (sjs) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (ten) are severe adverse cutaneous reactions to drugs. we report here the first case of severe pneumonia caused by an unusual combined infection with pneumocystis carinii (jiroveci), parainfluenza virus type 3, cytomegalovirus and aspergillus fumigatus in a 63-year-old female patient with allopurinol-induced sjs/ten overlap syndrome. following treatment with high-dose systemic corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin for sjs/ten ... | 2010 | 21057748 |
| [immunoadsorption in highly sensitized renal transplant recipients]. | to investigate the efficacy and safety of protein a immunoadsorption (ia) therapy in the prevention of highly sensitized renal transplant recipients with acute rejection. | 2010 | 21092457 |
| [multiple serum antigenic assays for diagnosis of invasive fungal infections in non-neutropenic adult patients]. | to evaluate the value of plasma 1, 3-β-d-glucan (g), serum mannan, galactomannan (gm) and cryptococcus capsular antigen assays for diagnosis of invasive fungal infections (ifi) in non-neutropenic adult patients. | 2010 | 21092632 |
| pneumocystis: from a doubtful unique entity to a group of highly diversified fungal species. | at the end of the 20th century the unique taxonomically enigmatic entity called pneumocystis carinii was identified as a heterogeneous group of microscopic fungi, constituted of multiple stenoxenic biological entities largely spread across ecosystems, closely adapted to, and coevolving in parallel with, mammal species. the discoveries and reasoning that led to the current conceptions about the taxonomy of pneumocystis at the species level are examined here. the present review also focuses on the ... | 2010 | 21114625 |
| [establishment of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) for detecting pneumocystis carinii]. | animal model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was established for acquiring lung tissue infected with p. carinii. after dna from rat lungs was extracted, nuclear ribosome small subumit 18s rdna of p. carinii was amplified by loop-mediated isothermal amplification method at 63 degrees c for 60 min. the product was digested by restriction enzyme apal i. the results showed that 18s ribosome dna (rdna) of p. carinii was cloned into vector pgex6p2, and the positive clones screened. therefore, ... | 2010 | 21137320 |
| molecular and phenotypic description of pneumocystis wakefieldiae sp. nov., a new species in rats. | organisms in the genus pneumocystis are fungi that reside in the lungs of mammals that can cause a lethal pneumonia once the hosts lose immune function. the genus pneumocystis contains many members, but only two species have been described formally to date, p. carinii, the type species found in rats, and p. jirovecii, resident in human beings. rats have been shown to harbor another organism in addition to p. carinii, pneumocystis wakefieldiae sp. nov., formerly known as pneumocystis carinii f. s ... | 2004 | 21148866 |
| conserved natural igm antibodies mediate innate and adaptive immunity against the opportunistic fungus pneumocystis murina. | host defense against opportunistic fungi requires coordination between innate and adaptive immunity for resolution of infection. antibodies generated in mice vaccinated with the fungus pneumocystis prevent growth of pneumocystis organisms within the lungs, but the mechanisms whereby antibodies enhance antifungal host defense are poorly defined. nearly all species of fungi contain the conserved carbohydrates β-glucan and chitin within their cell walls, which may be targets of innate and adaptive ... | 2010 | 21149550 |
| [pneumocystis jirovecii: what does this mean?]. | pneumocystis was discovered nearly a century ago. it causes fatal pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals, especially in aids patients. knowledge of the different species remained rudimentary until the mid-eighties when dna analysis revealed its extensive diversity. in fact, it is no longer considered as a zoonosis. pneumocystis organisms derived from different hosts have very different dna sequences, indicating multiple species. due to the genetic and functional disparities, the organism tha ... | 2010 | 21167441 |
| high prevalence of pneumocystis jiroveci colonization among young hiv-infected patients. | pneumocystis colonization in young hiv-infected patients has been poorly studied. the aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of p jiroveci colonization in a cohort of young hiv-infected patients. | 2010 | 21185532 |
| comparative genomics suggests that the fungal pathogen pneumocystis is an obligate parasite scavenging amino acids from its host's lungs. | pneumocystis jirovecii is a fungus causing severe pneumonia in immuno-compromised patients. progress in understanding its pathogenicity and epidemiology has been hampered by the lack of a long-term in vitro culture method. obligate parasitism of this pathogen has been suggested on the basis of various features but remains controversial. we analysed the 7.0 mb draft genome sequence of the closely related species pneumocystis carinii infecting rats, which is a well established experimental model o ... | 2010 | 21188143 |
| physicochemical characterization of npc 1161c, a novel antimalarial 8-aminoquinoline, in solution and solid state. | npc 1161c is a novel antimalarial drug of interest because of its superior curative and prophylactic activity, and favorable toxicity profile against in vivo and in vitro models of malaria, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and leishmaniasis. the preformulation studies performed included determination of pk(a)s, aqueous and ph solubility, cosolvent solubility, log p, ph stability, thermal analysis, and preliminary hygroscopicity studies. the mean pk(a1), pk(a2), and pk(a3) were determined to be 10 ... | 2010 | 21191676 |
| fungal recognition enhances mannose receptor shedding through dectin-1 engagement. | the mannose receptor (mr) is an endocytic type i membrane molecule with a broad ligand specificity that is involved in both hemostasis and pathogen recognition. membrane-anchored mr is cleaved by a metalloproteinase into functional soluble mr (smr) composed of the extracellular domains of intact mr. although smr production was initially considered a constitutive process, enhanced mr shedding has been observed in response to the fungal pathogen pneumocystis carinii. in this work, we have investig ... | 2011 | 21205820 |
| structural analysis of pneumocystis carinii and human dhfr complexes with nadph and a series of five potent 6-[5'-(ω-carboxyalkoxy)benzyl]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives. | structural data are reported for five antifolates, namely 2,4-diamino-6-[5'-(5-carboxypentyloxy)-2'-methoxybenzyl]-5-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine, (1), and the 5'-[3-(ethoxycarbonyl)propoxy]-, (2), 5'-[3-(ethoxycarbonyl)butoxy]-, (3), 5'-[3-(ethoxycarbonyl)pentyloxy]-, (4), and 5'-benzyloxy-, (5), derivatives, which are potent and selective for pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase (pcdhfr). crystal structures are reported for their ternary complexes with nadph and pcdhfr refined to betw ... | 2010 | 21206056 |
| dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) gene mutation study in hiv-infected indian patients with pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. | pneumocystis jirovecii dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) gene mutations' (55th and 57th codon) association with prior sulfa prophylaxis failure has been reported from both developed and developing countries. we conducted a prospective study to determine the prevalence of p. jirovecii dhps mutations from 2006 to 2009 on p. jirovecii isolates obtained from hiv-infected patients with a clinical diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) admitted to our tertiary care reference health center in ... | 2010 | 21252456 |
| biochemical research elucidating metabolic pathways in pneumocystis. | advances in sequencing the pneumocystis carinii genome have helped identify potential metabolic pathways operative in the organism. also, data from characterizing the biochemical and physiological nature of these organisms now allow elucidation of metabolic pathways as well as pose new challenges and questions that require additional experiments. these experiments are being performed despite the difficulty in doing experiments directly on this pathogen that has yet to be subcultured indefinitely ... | 2010 | 21275234 |
| [epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hiv/aids patients followed-up in cappadocia region: 18 years experience]. | hiv/aids is still an important health problem worldwide and the number of people living with hiv worldwide continued to grow in the last years. the first hiv/aids cases had been reported in 1985 from turkey and with an increasing trend during the following years, the number of cases reached to 3898 with 528 new cases in 2009. the aim of this retrospective study was to share the 18 years experience with the patients who were followed-up in erciyes university hospital infectious diseases clinics i ... | 2011 | 21341167 |
| epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary pneumocystosis and concurrent infections in pigs in jeju island, korea. | epidemiological characteristics of swine pulmonary pneumocystis (p.) carinii and concurrent infections were surveyed on jeju island, korea, within a designated period in 172 pigs submitted from 54 farms to the department of veterinary medicine, jeju national university. the submitted cases were evaluated by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, pcr/rt-pcr, and bacteriology. p. carinii infection was confirmed in 39 (22.7%) of the 172 pigs. histopathologically, the lungs had moderate to severe lym ... | 2011 | 21368558 |
| dynamics of pneumocystis carinii air shedding during experimental pneumocystosis. | to better understand the diffusion of pneumocystis in the environment, airborne shedding of pneumocystis carinii in the surrounding air of experimentally infected rats was quantified by means of a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay, in parallel with the kinetics of p. carinii loads in their lungs. p. carinii dna was detected in the air 1 week after infection and increased until 4-5 weeks after infection before stabilizing. a significant correlation was shown between lung burdens and the c ... | 2011 | 21372312 |
| serologic responses to pneumocystis proteins in hiv patients with and without pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. | background:: immune responses to pneumocystis jirovecii are not well understood in hiv infection, but antibody responses to proteins may be useful as a marker of pneumocystis risk or presence of pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp). design:: retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort. methods:: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of antibodies to recombinant pneumocystis proteins of major surface glycoprotein fragments (msgc1, c3, c8, and c9) and of antibody titers to recombinant kexin protein (kex1) ... | 2011 | 21372726 |
| evaluation of the current management protocols for prophylaxis against pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia and other opportunistic infections in patients living with hiv/aids. | opportunistic infections (ois) are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in patients living with hiv/aids. data on the proper administration of prophylactic regimes for the prevention of ois in such patients are scarce. a total of 205 confirmed hiv-infected patients were enrolled in the study from the inpatient wards and outpatient services. the treatment given to them for the prevention of pneumocystis carinii (jiroveci) pneumonia was compared with the established guidelines and the propor ... | 2011 | 21390885 |
| a review of molecular modelling studies of dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors against opportunistic microorganisms and comprehensive evaluation of new models. | dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) has been used as a target for antimicrobial drug discovery against a variety of pathogenic microorganisms, including opportunistic microorganisms; pneumocystis carinii (pc), toxoplasma gondii (tg) and mycobacterium avium complex (ma). in this regard, several dhfr inhibitors are reported against pc and tg and ma. however, selectivity issue of these inhibitors over human dhfr often preclude their development and clinical use. in the first part of this work, various c ... | 2011 | 21395543 |
| [a multicentre retrospective study of pulmonary mycosis clinically proven from 1998 to 2007]. | to investigate the pathogens, clinical manifestations, prognosis of and the risk factors for pulmonary mycosis in china. | 2011 | 21426723 |
| fungalrv: adhesin prediction and immunoinformatics portal for human fungal pathogens. | abstract: | 2011 | 21496229 |
| active immunization against pneumocystis carinii with p55-v3 dna vaccine in rats. | pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp) occurs predominately in patients with impaired immunity. because standard pcp chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapies have limitations, immunotherapy, particularly vaccination, offers an attractive alternative approach for pcp prevention and treatment. the goal of this study was to evaluate the potential of dna vaccines targeting two closely related antigens, p55-v0 and p55-v3, in an immunosuppressed rat pcp model. we found that immunization with p55-v0 and p55-v3 dna va ... | 2011 | 21529125 |
| pneumocystis carinii sterol 14α-demethylase activity in saccharomyces cerevisiae erg11 knockout mutant: sterol biochemistry. | abstract. pneumocystis carinii is an unusual fungus that can cause pneumonitis in immunosuppressed laboratory rats. reactions in sterol biosynthesis are attractive targets for development of antimycotic drugs. a key enzyme in sterol biosynthesis is sterol 14α-demethylase (14dm), which is coded by the erg11 gene. here we describe detailed sterol analysis of wild-type saccharomyces cerevisiae and in an erg11 knockout mutant expressing either p. carinii or s. cerevisiae 14dm from a plasmid-borne c ... | 2011 | 21569162 |
| genereviews | the was-related disorders, which include wiskott-aldrich syndrome, x-linked thrombocytopenia (xlt), and x-linked congenital neutropenia (xln), are a spectrum of disorders of hematopoietic cells, with predominant defects of platelets and lymphocytes caused by mutations in was. was-related disorders usually present in infancy. affected males have thrombocytopenia with intermittent mucosal bleeding, bloody diarrhea, and intermittent or chronic petechiae and purpura; eczema; and recurrent bacterial ... | 1993 | 20301357 |
| genereviews | schimke immunoosseous dysplasia (siod) is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterized by spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (sed) resulting in disproportionate short stature, nephropathy, and t-cell deficiency. radiographic manifestations of sed include ovoid and mildly flattened vertebral bodies, small deformed capital femoral epiphyses, and shallow dysplastic acetabular fossae. adult height is 136-157 cm for men and 98.5-143 cm for women. nearly all affected individuals have progressiv ... | 1993 | 20301550 |
| medical microbiology | pneumocystis carinii is a cause of diffuse pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. even in fatal cases, the organism and the disease remain localized to the lung. the pneumonia rarely, if ever, occurs in healthy individuals. pneumocystis carinii, an extracellular protozoan, has been observed in three forms. diagnosis requires identification of p carinii in lung tissue, obtained by invasive techniques, or in lower airway fluids. experimental studies have shown that the organism can be transmitted b ... | 1996 | 21413303 |
| medical microbiology | the protozoa are considered to be a subkingdom of the kingdom protista, although in the classical system they were placed in the kingdom animalia. more than 50,000 species have been described, most of which are free-living organisms; protozoa are found in almost every possible habitat. the fossil record in the form of shells in sedimentary rocks shows that protozoa were present in the pre-cambrian era. anton van leeuwenhoek was the first person to see protozoa, using microscopes he constructed w ... | 1996 | 21413323 |
| pentamidine congeners 1: synthesis of cis- and trans-butamidine analogues as anti-pneumocystis carinii pneumonia agents. | butamidine analogues possessing unsaturation in the ether bridge between the bisamidinophenyl or bisimidazolinophenyl functionalities have been synthesized as semirigid congeners of pentamidine. these compounds demonstrated good anti-p. carinii pueumonia activity in a rat model of the disease. | 1993 | 21451734 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis: current therapies and reccommendations. | pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp) can be life threatening for children receiving chemotherapy and immunosuppressive medication,including high-dose steroids.although there are no current guidelines for prophylaxis in pediatric oncology patients,ongoing studies are evaluating the efficacy, side effects, ease of administration,and compliance of drugs used for pcp prophylaxis. drugs currently being prescribed in practice include bactrim, pentamidine, dapsone, and atovaquone. bactrim remains superior for ... | 2011 | 21636828 |
| hiv surveillance --- united states, 1981--2008. | within 1 year of the initial report in 1981 of a deadly new disease that occurred predominantly in previously healthy persons and was manifested by pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and kaposi's sarcoma, the disease had a name: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). within 2 years, the causative agent had been identified: human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). on the 30th anniversary of the epidemic, to characterize trends in hiv infection and aids in the united states during 1981--2008, cdc anal ... | 2011 | 21637182 |
| pneumocystis s-adenosylmethionine transport: a potential drug target. | pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp) is a life threatening condition in immunosuppressed patients, current treatments are inadequate, and new drug leads are needed. this fungus depends on its host for s-adenosylmethionine (adomet), a critical metabolic intermediate ordinarily synthesized by individual cells as needed. pneumocystis has a gene coding for the adomet synthesizing enzyme methionine atp transferase (mat) and protein is expressed, but the fungus lacks mat activity and infection causes host pla ... | 2011 | 21642588 |
| long-term outcomes of liver transplant patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and end-stage-liver-disease: single center experience. | objective: orthotopic-liver-transplantation (olt) in patients with human-immunodeficiency-virus infection (hiv) and end-stage-liver-disease (esdl) is rarely reported. the purpose of this study is to describe our institutional experience on olt for hiv positive patients. - material and methods: this is a retrospective study of all hiv-infected patients who underwent olt at the university hospital of essen, from january 1996 to december 2009. age, sex, hiv transmission-way, cdc-stage, etiology of ... | 2011 | 21813377 |
| susceptibility of pneumocystis to echinocandins in suspension and biofilm cultures. | the targeted inhibition of cyst but not trophic development by anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin on pneumocystis murina and p. carinii in rodent models of pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp) was recently reported by us. to better understand the effects of echinocandins on p. carinii, the same 3 compounds were evaluated in standard suspension and biofilm cultures supplemented with varying concentrations of sera using measurement of atp as the readout. in suspension cultures, anidulafungin was t ... | 2011 | 21788469 |
| protective effect of dna vaccine with the gene encoding 55kda antigen fragment against pneumocystis carinii in mice. | to evaluate the protective effect of dna vaccine with the gene encoding 55kda antigen fragment of pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii) against p. carinii in mice. | 2011 | 21771675 |
| pneumocystis carinii interactions with lung epithelial cells and matrix proteins induce expression and activity of the pcste20 kinase with subsequent phosphorylation of the downstream cell wall biosynthesis kinase pccbk1. | eukaryotic cell proliferation and phenotype are highly regulated by contact dependent mechanisms. we have previously shown that the binding and interaction of the opportunistic fungal pathogen pneumocystis carinii (pc) to lung epithelial cells and extracellular matrix proteins induces mrna expression of both the map kinase pcste20 and the cell wall remodeling enzyme pccbk1 (16). herein, we report that in addition to up-regulation of pcste20 mrna expression, pneumocystis pcste20 kinase activity i ... | 2011 | 21768277 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection causes lung lesions historically attributed to rat respiratory virus. | idiopathic lung lesions characterized by dense perivascular cuffs of lymphocytes and a lymphohistiocytic interstitial pneumonia have been noted in research rats since the 1990s. although the etiology of this disease has remained elusive, a putative viral etiology was suspected and the term 'rat respiratory virus' (rrv) has been used in reference to this disease agent. the purpose of this study was to determine whether pneumocystis carinii infection in immunocompetent rats can cause idiopathic lu ... | 2011 | 21819681 |
| crystallographic analysis reveals a novel second binding site for trimethoprim in active site double mutants of human dihydrofolate reductase. | in order to produce a more potent replacement for trimethoprim (tmp) used as a therapy for pneumocystis pneumonia and targets dihydrofolate reductase from pneumocystis jirovecii (pjdhfr), it is necessary to understand the determinants of potency and selectivity against dhfr from the mammalian host and fungal pathogen cells. to this end, active site residues in human (h) dhfr were replaced with those from pjdhfr. structural data are reported for two complexes of tmp with the double mutants gln35s ... | 2011 | 21684339 |
| [contemporary clinical diagnostics of respiratory tract infections]. | the patient population at risk pulmonary infections has increased during the last decade. the spectrum of organisms causing infections has also grown, most of them are viruses baseline diagnostic assessment include history, clinical examination, radiography and measurements of procalcitonin (pct), highly sensitive c-reactive protein (hscrp) and leukocyte count. pct represents a good biological marker for difficult diagnoses in critically ill patients and is superior to crp. chest x-rays seldom g ... | 2011 | 21675131 |
| dectin-1 and dectin-2 in innate immunity against fungi. | dectin-1 and dectin-2 are type ii transmembrane proteins of the c-type lectin family with single carbohydrate recognition domains (crds) in their extracellular region. they are expressed mainly in dendritic cells and macrophages. dectin-1 recognizes +¦-glucans with its crd and transduces signals through its immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (itam)-like motif in the cytoplasmic domain, whereas dectin-2 recognizes +¦-mannans and transduces its signal through association with the itam- ... | 2011 | 21677049 |
| ploidy of cell-sorted trophic and cystic forms of pneumocystis carinii. | once regarded as an aids-defining illness, pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp) is nowadays prevailing in immunocompromised hiv-negative individuals such as patients receiving immunosuppressive therapies or affected by primary immunodeficiency. moreover, pneumocystis clinical spectrum is broadening to non-severely-immunocompromised subjects who could be colonized by the fungus while remaining asymptomatic for pcp, thus being able to transmit the infection by airborne route to susceptible hosts. although ... | 2011 | 21695077 |
| beware the lymphopenia: a case of severe combined immunodeficiency. | we present a case of a 2-month-old boy with partially treated meningitis and suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. a full blood count revealed profound lymphopenia. the child was diagnosed with adenosine deaminase deficiency, a rare cause of severe combined immunodeficiency (scid). scid is an immunological emergency and must be considered in any lymphopaenic infant with opportunistic infection. we discuss adenosine deaminase-deficient scid, which can involve multiple systems and in which oth ... | 2011 | 21843190 |
| substrate analysis of the pneumocystis carinii protein kinases pccbk1 and pcste20 using yeast proteome microarrays provides a novel method for pneumocystis signalling biology. | pneumocystis carinii (pc) undergoes morphological transitions between cysts and trophic forms. we have previously described two pc serine/threonine kinases, termed pccbk1 and pcste20, with pcste20 belonging to a family of kinases involved in yeast mating, while pccbk1 is a member of a group of protein kinases involved in regulation of cell cycle, shape, and proliferation. as pc remains genetically intractable, knowledge on specific substrates phosphorylated by these kinases remains limited. util ... | 2011 | 21905091 |
| renal transplant with bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (boop) attributable to tacrolimus and herpes simplex virus (hsv) pneumonia. | background: solid organ transplants (sots) may be complicated by a wide variety of infectious and noninfectious pulmonary disorders. transplant patients receive immunosuppressive drugs to prevent rejection, but these drugs also predispose them to infection. because immunosuppressive therapy impairs t-lymphocyte function, ie, cell-mediated immunity, such therapy, not surprisingly, predisposes patients to intracellular pulmonary pathogens. community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in patients with sot us ... | 2011 | 21996615 |
| rotavirus infection and epidermal necrolysis of the bowel in a patient with aids. | a 44-year-old man with hiv, with a cd4+ count of 45/µl and a viral load of 88 000 copies/ml, who was completing therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, presented with severe bloody diarrhoea, fevers and abdominal pain. endoscopy revealed total epidermal necrolysis of the colon, and partial epidermal necrolysis of the duodenum, a histologic pattern most typically seen in severe graft versus host disease. computed tomography (ct) documented inflammation of the entire gastrointestinal tract dis ... | 2009 | 22125583 |
| [Compare three methods to detect the Pneumocystis carinii in the bronchoalveolar wash sample of AIDS patients]. | | 2011 | 22088377 |
| respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in a hospitalized adult with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) mimicking influenza a and pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci pneumonia (pcp). | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of lower respiratory tract infections in young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised hosts, but rsv is a rare cause of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in hospitalized adults with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). in patients with hiv, cap is most frequently attributable to the usual bacterial respiratory pathogens that cause cap in immunocompetent hosts, eg, streptococcuspneumoniae or hemophilus influenzae. adults with hiv are a ... | 2012 | 22005289 |
| [cardiac arrest during serve pneumocystis jiroveci infection in an immune-compromised patient after splenectomy]. | pneumocystis jiroveci (old name pneumocystis carini) can cause severe pneumonia in immune-compromised patients, most commonly those who are hiv infected. | 2011 | 22184788 |
| analogs of pentamidine as potential anti-pneumocystis chemotherapeutics. | a series of 20 pentamidine analogs were prepared using 2 general schemes that evaluated heteroatoms, sulfobenzene and alkanediamide groups in the aliphatic linker and methoxy substituents attached to the benzene rings for efficacy against the fungal pathogen, pneumocystis carinii in an atp bioassay. all but one of the 20 bisamidines reduced the atp content of the p. carinii over the 72 h of the assay period. the highest activities were associated with the lack of methoxy groups and the presence ... | 2011 | 22200403 |
| [a case of neuromyelitis optica with varicella zoster virus meningitis during mitoxantrone treatment]. | a 36-year-old woman with neuromyelitis optica had been treated with steroids for the prevention of relapse. however, her treatment was not effective and she showed adverse effects such as diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, compression fractures, and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. therefore, we started her on mitoxantrone treatment. after five courses of mitoxantrone injection, she developed a herpes zoster infection in her thigh followed by aseptic meningitis. pcr for varicella zoster virus (vzv) ... | 2011 | 21946429 |
| pilot trial of yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan consolidation following rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone chemotherapy in patients with limited-stage, bulky diffuse large b-cell lymphoma. | the clinical efficacy and safety of yttrium-90 ((90)y)-ibritumomab tiuxetan consolidation treatment following rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone (r-chop) chemotherapy was investigated in patients with limited-stage and bulky diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (dlbcl). this prospective, multi-center, pilot trial included 21 patients who were newly diagnosed with stage i/ii, bulky dlbcl and achieved a complete or partial response after six cycles of r-chop. the media ... | 2011 | 22035417 |
| Temozolomide-related infections: review of the literature. | Temozolomide (TMZ) is an alkylating, antineoplastic agent which is being used to treat cases of refractory anaplastic astrocytoma, newly-diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme and metastatic melanoma. TMZ causes lymphopenia and T-cell dysfunction in most of the patients. Related to this toxicity several opportunistic infections have been reported in the literature, but were not well characterized. To further investigate this topic, relevant English language studies were identified through Medline. Th ... | 2011 | 22006764 |
| Pneumocystis pneumonia. | PNEUMOCYSTIS ( CARINII) JIROVECI pneumonia can occur in immunocompromised individuals, especially hematopoietic stem and solid organ transplant recipients and those receiving immunosuppressive agents, and is the most common opportunistic infection in persons with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The PNEUMOCYSTIS genus was initially mistaken as a trypanosome and later as a protozoan. Genetic analysis identified the organism as a unicellular fungus. PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECI i ... | 2011 | 22167405 |
| cytogenetic evaluation of fansidar on human lymphocyte chromosomes in vitro. | fansidar is a fixed combination of two antimalarial agents a diaminopyrimidine (pyrimethamine) and a sulphonamide (sulphadoxine) in the ratio 1:20- that have been used extensively worldwide for the treatment of chloroquine resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria, toxoplasmosis and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. this study examined the effect of fansidar on chromosomes in human lymphocyte culture. fansidar was added to peripheral blood lymp ... | 2011 | 21888239 |
| structural analysis of human dihydrofolate reductase as a binary complex with the potent and selective inhibitor 2,4-diamino-6-{2'-o-(3-carboxypropyl)oxydibenz[b,f]-azepin-5-yl}methylpteridine reveals an unusual binding mode. | in order to understand the structure-activity profile observed for a series of substituted dibenz[b,f]azepine antifolates, the crystal structure of the binary complex of human dihydrofolate reductase (hdhfr) with the potent and selective inhibitor 2,4-diamino-6-{2'-o-(3-carboxypropyl)oxydibenz[b,f]-azepin-5-yl}methylpteridine (pt684) was determined to 1.8 å resolution. these data revealed that the carboxylate side chain of pt684 occupies two alternate positions, neither of which interacts with t ... | 2011 | 21931219 |
| anti-pneumocystis carinii pneumonia activity of dicationic 2,4-diarylpyrimidines. | a synthesis of 2,4-bis-(4-amidinophenyl)pyrimidine 6, 2,4-bis-[(4-imidazolin-2-yl)phenyl)]pyrimidine 7, 2,4-bis [(4-tetrahydropyrimidinyl-2-yl)phenyl]pyrimidine 8, 2,4-bis[(4-n-n-propylamidino)phenyl]pyrimidine 9, 2,4-bis[(4-n-isopropylamidino)-phenyl]pyrimidine 10 and 2,4-bis[(4-n-isobutylamidino)phenyl]pyrimidine 11 starting from 4-bromobenzamidine and 4-bromoaceto-phenone is reported. a synthesis of 2-(4-amidinopnenyl)-4-(2-methoxy-4-amidinophenyl)pyrimidine 20, 2-[4-(imidazolin2-yl)-phenyl]- ... | 1996 | 22026932 |
| microbial antigenic variation mediated by homologous dna recombination. | pathogenic microorganisms employ numerous molecular strategies in order to delay or circumvent recognition by the immune system of their host. one of the most widely used strategies of immune evasion is antigenic variation, in which immunogenic molecules expressed on the surface of a microorganism are continuously modified. as a consequence, the host is forced to constantly adapt its humoral immune response against this pathogen. an antigenic change thus provides the microorganism with an opport ... | 2011 | 22212019 |
| [frequency of opportunistic infections in children with immune neutropenia and their mothers]. | determine the frequency of opportunistic infections among children with immune neutropenia and their mothers. | 2012 | 23297642 |
| antifungal activity of 10 guadeloupean plants. | screening of the antifungal activities of ten guadeloupean plants was undertaken to find new extracts and formulations against superficial mycoses such as onychomycosis, athlete's foot, pityriasis versicolor, as well as the deep fungal infection pneumocystis pneumonia. for the first time, the cmi of these plant extracts [cyclohexane, ethanol and ethanol/water (1:1, v/v)] was determined against five dermatophytes, five candida species, scytalidium dimidiatum, a malassezia sp. strain and pneumocys ... | 2012 | 23280633 |
| community acquired, nursing home acquired and hospital acquired pneumonia: a five-year review of the clinical, bacteriological and radiological characteristics. | to assess the contemporary clinical, bacteriological and radiographic features of hospitalized patients with community acquired (ca), nursing home acquired (na) and hospital acquired pneumonia (ha) and to examine patient outcome. | 1995 | 22550412 |
| comparison of community-acquired pneumonia requiring admission to hospital in hiv-and non-hiv-infected patients. | to compare community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in hospitalized human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients with that in hospitalized non-hiv-infected patients by assessing presenting characteristics, etiology and outcomes. | 1996 | 22514448 |
| histopathology of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunocompetent laboratory rats. | the occurrence of idiopathic pulmonary lesions in laboratory rats, characterized by lymphohistiocytic interstitial pneumonia with dense perivascular lymphoid cuffs, has been reported over the past decade. although the term rat respiratory virus (rrv) was adopted to confer a putative viral etiology to the idiopathic pulmonary lesions, the etiology of this disease remains to be elucidated. recently, inflammatory lesions have been observed in the lungs of immunocompetent laboratory rats similar to ... | 2014 | 25009598 |
| detection of pneumocystis infections by in situ hybridization in lung samples of austrian pigs with interstitial pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii f. sp. suis is a fungus multiplying in the respiratory tract of pigs which occasionally is associated with interstitial pneumonia. identification of pneumocystis in tissue samples is considered difficult and there are only scarce data on its occurrence in european pigs. this investigation presents an in situ hybridization (ish) procedure for identification of pneumocystis spp. in paraffin wax embedded tissue samples and its application for labeling the agent in lung samples ... | 2014 | 23859080 |
| scalable preparation and differential pharmacologic and toxicologic profiles of primaquine enantiomers. | hematotoxicity in individuals genetically deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) activity is the major limitation of primaquine (pq), the only antimalarial drug in clinical use for treatment of relapsing plasmodium vivax malaria. pq is currently clinically used in its racemic form. a scalable procedure was developed to resolve racemic pq, thus providing pure enantiomers for the first time for detailed preclinical evaluation and potentially for clinical use. these enantiomers were ... | 2014 | 24913163 |
| death causes and pathogens analysis of systemic lupus erythematosus during the past 26 years. | different causes of mortality have been described over different decades followed by description of pathogens identified from infective episodes that led to death. a retrospective review was performed in 3,831 hospitalized systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) patients in peking union medical college hospital from january 1986 to april 2012. the primary causes of death were identified, and the constituent ratio of specific death causes during different periods was compared. among 3,831 hospitalized ... | 2014 | 24046218 |
| fungal opportunistic pneumonias in hiv/aids patients: an indian tertiary care experience. | opportunistic pneumonias are a major cause of mortality and morbidity in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) reactive patients. despite the significant role that fungi play in causation of this opportunistic mycoses, very few indian studies have attempted to investigate the burden and aetiological spectrum of hiv/aids-associated fungal pneumonias. | 2017 | 28384860 |
| the pneumocystis ace2 transcription factor regulates cell wall-remodeling genes and organism virulence. | pneumocystis carinii (pc) β-glucans are major components of the organism cell wall; yet, the regulation of pc cell wall genesis and remodeling is not well understood. ace2 transcription factors, which are present in many fungi, regulate glucanases and other enzymes needed for cell wall remodeling. the cloning and heterologous expression of pcace2 in ace2δ saccharomyces cerevisiae demonstrated that pcace2 can restore the defective glucanase and endochitinase gene expression of the mutant as well ... | 2013 | 23801335 |
| hiv-related opportunistic infections are still relevant in 2015. | the incidence of hiv-related opportunistic infections (ois) has declined in the united states with the increasing use of effective antiretroviral therapy for the treatment of hiv infection. however, the absolute number of patients with ois remains high and there continues to be considerable associated mortality. oi guidelines from the national institutes of health, centers for disease control and prevention, and infectious diseases society of america continue to be updated on a regular basis, se ... | 2015 | 26518395 |
| echinocandins--new antifungal agents. | over the past 10-15 years, the number of clinically available antifungal agents has increased substantially, due to rise in the number of invasive fungal infections, which are a real problem for specialists. echinocandins are the new class of antifungal agents available for clinical use. this class comprises over 20 natural echinocandins and several semisynthetic ones. natural echinocandins are not of clinical utility due to their toxicity and low water-solubility (which does not allow obtaining ... | 2014 | 25076727 |
| hyper-immunoglobulin m syndrome type 3 with normal cd40 cell surface expression. | mutations of the cd40 gene have been found in patients with autosomal recessive hyper-immunoglobulin m (higm) syndrome type 3. five patients from four unrelated families with cd40 mutation have been reported so far. clinical manifestations include recurrent sinopulmonary infections, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and cryptosporidium parvum infection. affected patients typically have very low levels of igg and iga and normal or high levels of igm. flow cytometry analysis of these five patients de ... | 2012 | 22443339 |
| 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate substrate displacement in thymidylate synthase through 6-hydroxy-2h-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2-one derivatives. | thymidylate synthase (ts) is a target for antifolate-based chemotherapies of microbial and human diseases. here, ligand-based, synthetic, and x-ray crystallography studies led to the discovery of 6-(3-cyanobenzoyloxy)-2-oxo-2h-naphto[1,8-bc]furan, a novel inhibitor with a ki of 310 nm against pneumocystis carinii ts. the x-ray ternary complex with escherichia coli ts revealed, for the first time, displacement of the substrate toward the dimeric protein interface, thus providing new opportunities ... | 2013 | 24147825 |
| ddi and liver tests in hiv-1 seropositive haemophiliacs. | many patients with haemophilia who are hiv-1 seropositive are co-infected with the hepatitis c virus with variable degrees of underlying liver disease. to evaluate whether the use of the antiretroviral agent dideoxyinosine (ddi) causes worsening of hepatic dysfunction as measured by liver enzyme tests, we reviewed our cohort of patients previously treated with monotherapy with zidovudine (azt) and subsequently changed to ddi. seventeen patients (median age: 34 years, median absolute cd4 lymphocy ... | 1997 | 27214617 |
| post-transplantation infections in bolivia. | over 26 years, we found 46 infectious episodes in 350 kidney transplant recipients. fifteen were urinary tract infections, recurrent in 4 patients. there were 8 cytomegalovirus infections, three of them fatal when intravenous (iv) ganciclovir was not available. seven patients had a reactivation of tuberculosis (tb) in the pleura, cervical spine, lumbar spine, knee, ankle, skin and peritoneum, respectively, and were all resolved satisfactorily with conventional anti-tb therapy. three patients tra ... | 2016 | 27110022 |
| a case of proliferative diabetic retinopathy with hiv infection in which haart possibly influenced the prognosis of visual function. | we report on a patient with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (pdr) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection who exhibited extremely active pdr followed by a rapid onset of blindness in the right eye. the progression of visual disturbance in the patient's left eye was slowed after starting highly active anti-retroviral therapy (haart), and vision in that eye was rescued after vitrectomy. | 2017 | 27990117 |
| the patient-doctor-psychologist triangle in a case of severe imunosupression in the hiv infection. | in the last two years the romanian adult population infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has increased due to sexual transmission, both heterosexual and homosexual. the case presented is that of a 33 year-old man, admitted to the infectious diseases hospital in iasi with acute respiratory failure and a confirmation of kaposi's sarcoma. tests later proved positive for hiv, the patient being included in the stage aids c3 (acute immunodeficiency syndrome). the respiratory failure wa ... | 2016 | 27125083 |
| correlation between oral lesions and opportunistic infections among human immunodeficiency virus - infected individuals in indian population. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is a major global health problem. tuberculosis and cryptococcal meningitis are the leading cause of death among people living with hiv. | 2014 | 25471161 |
| treatment of postoperative infectious complications in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | antibiotics are widely given for surgical patients to prevent infection. because of the lack of study on the rational use of antibiotics in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) -infected during surgical procedures, we analyzed the risk factors affecting postoperative infectious complications in hlv-infected patients and explore the rational use of perioperative antibiotics. | 2014 | 25215157 |
| risk of venous thromboembolism in patients infected with hiv: a cohort study. | introduction human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) patients are at risk of developing thrombosis than general population. there are several intersecting mechanisms associated with hiv infection and antiviral therapy that are emerging, which may lead to vasculopathy and hypercoagulability in these patients. methods we analyzed the hiv patients who followed up with our vascular medicine outpatient clinic with venous thromboembolism (vte) over the past 3 years and followed them prospectively. the pati ... | 2013 | 24436591 |
| a multiplexed nucleic acid microsystem for point-of-care detection of hiv co-infection with mtb and pcp. | many individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), especially children in african countries, die of co-infections with mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) (coinfection rate: 50%) or pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) (coinfection rate: 81%). the present proposal describes a rapid, portable, low-cost, multiplexed point-of-care diagnostic technique for simultaneously detecting hiv, mtb, and pcp. this technique incorporates a creative micro-device (hardware) and a loop-mediated i ... | 2013 | 24209377 |
| simian immunodeficiency virus infection potently modulates chemokine networks and immune environments in hilar lymph nodes of cynomolgus macaques. | chemokines provide critical immune cell homing and activation signals that if altered could affect the inflammatory milieu and cellular composition of lymphoid tissues. during hiv-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)-infection, the virus triggers an increase in inflammation or activation, leading to immunodeficiency and development of opportunistic infections, such as in the lungs-a massive interface between the host and the environment. | 2013 | 23429503 |
| a prospective comparison of porta-sonic and fisoneb ultrasonic nebulizers for administering aerosol pentamidine. | to report patient acceptability and overall therapeutic effectiveness of two different ultrasonic nebulizers, fisoneb and porta-sonic, for the administration of aerosol pentamidine for pneumocysitis carinii prophylaxis in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals. | 1994 | 22451767 |
| pneumocystis prophylaxis for all, some, or no hiv-infected infants less than one year of age: a decision analysis approach. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is associated with significant mortality and morbidity among infants infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the preferred prophylaxis strategy for such infants is a subject of debate. medical decision analysis was used to determine the preferred strategy for primary pcp prophylaxis among asymptomatic hiv-infected infants less than one year of age, and to determine the thresholds at which different variables influence decision making. utility measur ... | 1993 | 22346469 |
| trends in overall opportunistic illnesses, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cerebral toxoplasmosis and mycobacterium avium complex incidence rates over the 30 years of the hiv epidemic: a systematic review. | the natural history of hiv infection has changed dramatically after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. currently, opportunistic illnesses still represent a major cause of death and hospitalization in this population. in this study, we review the trends in opportunistic illnesses incidence rates and compare the results observed in high-income settings with that for low/middle-income settings, with special attention given to studies from brazil. | 2014 | 24275372 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection in a domestic goat (capra hircus domesticus) with multibacillary paratuberculosis. | pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii) is an opportunistic fungal pathogen commonly found in many mammalian host species, but rarely in goats. a 3-year-old, female, tokara-native-goat (capra hircus domesticus) died of apparent malnutrition caused by multibacillary paratuberculosis. while inflammatory response was slightly observed in the respiratory organs, p. carinii trophozoites and cysts were immunohistochemically observed in the pulmonary alveoli of the infected animal. p. carinii specific dna wa ... | 2013 | 23292105 |
| bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (boop) after renal transplantation. | a 42-year-old renal transplant recipient was admitted with fever, anorexia, malaise, nonproductive cough, and dyspnea of 1-week duration. multiple cultures of blood, sputum, and urine were negative. the possibility of bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (boop) was considered when pulmonary infiltrate did not respond to conventional antibiotic therapy. high-resolution computed tomography of the chest revealed patchy air-space consolidation and ground-glass opacities, predominantly ... | 2013 | 22547135 |
| respiratory complications in iranian hospitalized patients with hiv/aids. | the respiratory tract has been the most commonly affected site of illness in hiv-infected patients. the current study was done to identify the frequency of respiratory complications in a consecutive case series of hiv-positive patients in iran. | 2011 | 25191376 |
| [detection of toxoplasma gondii dna by loop-mediated isothermal amplification]. | to detect toxoplasma gondii dna by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp). | 2008 | 24818377 |
| fungal infection involvement in primary biliary cirrhosis: a review of 2 cases. | the present study aimed to analyze the imaging, clinical and pathological features of fungal infection involvement in primary biliary cirrhosis (pbc) by retrospectively analyzing and reviewing the features of two patients with fungal infection involvement in pbc. both patients were female. one patient had a confirmed diagnosis of pbc. the other patient had confirmed sjogren syndrome and pbc. the two cases of pbc were infected with fungal infection after treatment with hormonal and immunosuppress ... | 2017 | 28352320 |
| molecular diagnosis of pneumocystis pneumonia in dogs. | pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp) is a life-threatening fungal disease that can occur in dogs. the aim of this study was to provide a preliminary genetic characterisation of pneumocystis carinii f.sp.'canis' (p. canis) in dogs and thereby develop a reliable molecular protocol to definitively diagnose canine pcp. we investigated p. canis in a variety of lung specimens from dogs with confirmed or strongly suspected pcp (group 1, n = 16), dogs with non-pcp lower respiratory tract problems (group 2, n = ... | 2017 | 28339756 |
| the interaction of pneumocystis with the c-type lectin receptor mincle exerts a significant role in host defense against infection. | pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality within immunocompromised patients. in this study, we examined the potential role of macrophage-inducible c-type lectin (mincle) for host defense against pneumocystis binding assays implementing soluble mincle carbohydrate recognition domain fusion proteins demonstrated binding to intact pneumocystis carinii as well as to organism homogenates, and they purified major surface glycoprotein/glycoprotein a derived from the ... | 2017 | 28298521 |
| [causes of death in patients with hiv infection in two tunisian medical centers]. | antiretroviral tritherapy has contributed to a considerable reduction in hiv-related mortality. the causes of death are dominated by opportunistic infections in developing countries and by cardiovascular diseases and cancer in developed countries. to determine the causes and risk factors associated with death in hiv-infected patients in two tunisian medical centers. cross-sectional study of hiv-infected patients over 15 years treated at sousse and monastir medical centers between 2000 and 2014. ... | 2016 | 28292068 |
| multiple myeloma presenting with bilateral ankle pain (microangiopathy) and complicated by streptococcal meningitis and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | multiple myeloma is characterised by the neoplastic proliferation of a single clone of plasma cells producing a monoclonal immunoglobulin. this clone of plasma cells proliferates in the bone marrow, resulting in extensive skeletal destruction with osteolytic lesions, osteopenia and pathological fractures. additional disease-related complications include hypercalcaemia, renal insufficiency, anaemia and infection. we present the case of a 64-year-old woman presenting with rapid onset, painful dist ... | 2017 | 28174184 |
| overcoming hurdles to development of a vaccine against pneumocystis jirovecii. | development of pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp) is a common problem among immunosuppressed individuals. there are windows of opportunity in which vaccination would be beneficial, but to date, no vaccines have made it to clinical trials. significant hurdles to vaccine development include host range specificity, making it difficult to translate from animal models to humans. discovery of cross-reactive epitopes is critical to moving vaccine candidates from preclinical animal studies to clinical trials. | 2017 | 28115507 |
| immunization with pneumocystis cross-reactive antigen 1 (pca1) protects mice against pneumocystis pneumonia and generates antibody to pneumocystis jirovecii. | pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp) is a life-threatening infection that affects immunocompromised individuals. nearly half of all pcp cases occur in those prescribed effective chemoprophylaxis, suggesting that additional preventive methods are needed. to this end, we have identified a unique mouse pneumocystis surface protein, designated pneumocystis cross-reactive antigen 1 (pca1), as a potential vaccine candidate. mice were immunized with a recombinant fusion protein containing pca1. subsequently, c ... | 2017 | 28031260 |