| defining treatment conditions for pulsed electric field pasteurization of apple juice. | the influence of temperature and the presence of n(α)-lauroyl ethylester (ethyl lauroyl arginate, lae) on the inactivation caused by continuous pulsed electric field treatments (pef) in escherichia coli o157:h7 suspended in apple juice have been investigated to define treatment conditions applicable at industrial scale that promote an equivalent safety level when compared with thermal processing. in the range of experimental conditions investigated (outlet temperature: 20-40 °c, electric field s ... | 2011 | 21880388 |
| Survival of host-associated Bacteroidales cells and their relationship with Enterococcus spp., Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella Typhimurium and Adenovirus in freshwater microcosms as measured by PMA-qPCR. | The ideal host-associated genetic fecal marker would be capable of predicting the presence of specific pathogens of concern. Flow-through freshwater microcosms containing mixed feces and inocula of the pathogens Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella Typhimurium and Adenovirus were placed at ambient temperature in the presence and absence of diurnal sunlight. The total Enterococcus DNA increased during the early periods (23 h) under sunlight exposure, even though cultivable Enterococcus and DNA in int ... | 2011 | 22139002 |
| The Fur regulon in anaerobically grown Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium: identification of new Fur targets. | ABSTRACT: | 2011 | 22017966 |
| Survival characteristics of Salmonella enterica serovar Newport in the dairy farm environment. | Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Newport (S. Newport) has established a reservoir in dairy cattle. Infected herds suffer significant mortality in both adult and young animals, posing a considerable economic loss to producers. Land application of manure from infected animals may further spread the pathogen into the agroecosystem, causing public health concerns. Previous work by our group demonstrated that the organism persisted in manure and manured soil for 6 to 10 mo under ... | 2011 | 21943774 |
| Salmonella biofilm formation on Aspergillus niger involves cellulose--chitin interactions. | Salmonella cycles between host and nonhost environments, where it can become an active member of complex microbial communities. The role of fungi in the environmental adaptation of enteric pathogens remains relatively unexplored. We have discovered that S. enterica Typhimurium rapidly attaches to and forms biofilms on the hyphae of the common fungus, Aspergillus niger. Several Salmonella enterica serovars displayed a similar interaction, whereas other bacterial species were unable to bind to the ... | 2011 | 22003399 |
| Reduction of Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes with electrolyzed oxidizing water on inoculated hass avocados (Persea americana var. Hass). | This study was intended to evaluate the bactericidal effect of electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW) and chlorinated water on populations of Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes inoculated on avocados (Persea americana var. Hass). In the first experiment, inoculated avocados were treated with a water wash applied by spraying tap water containing 1 mg/liter free chlorine for 15 s (WW); WW treatment and then spraying sodium hypochlorite in water containing 75 mg/l ... | 2011 | 21902927 |
| genotyping of salmonella enterica serovar typhi strains isolated from 1959 to 2006 in china and analysis of genetic diversity by genomic microarray. | aim. to determine the genotype of salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) strains in china and analyze their genetic diversity. methods. we collected s. typhi strains from 1959 to 2006 in five highly endemic chinese provinces and chose 40 representative strains. multilocus sequence typing was used to determine the genotypes or sequence types (st) and microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (m-cgh) to investigate the differences in gene content among these strains. results. forty ... | 2011 | 22180267 |
| single nucleotide polymorphisms that differentiate two subpopulations of salmonella enteritidis within phage type. | abstract: | 2011 | 21942987 |
| salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium usurps the scaffold protein iqgap1 to manipulate rac1 and mapk signalling. | salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium invades eukaryotic cells by re-arranging the host-cell cytoskeleton. however, the precise mechanisms by which salmonella induces cytoskeletal changes remain undefined. iqgap1 (iq motif-containing gtpase-activating protein 1) is a scaffold protein that binds multiple proteins including actin, the rho gtpases rac1 and cdc42 (cell division cycle 42), and components of the mapk (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway. we have shown previously that optimal ... | 2011 | 21851337 |
| The C-terminal domain of the Salmonella enterica WbaP (UDP-galactose:Und-P galactose-1-phosphate transferase) is sufficient for catalytic activity and specificity for undecaprenyl monophosphate. | Two families of membrane enzymes catalyze the initiation of the synthesis of O-antigen lipopolysaccharide. The Salmonella enterica Typhimurium WbaP is a prototypic member of one of these families. We report here the purification and biochemical characterization of the WbaP C-terminal (WbaP(CT)) domain harboring one putative transmembrane helix and a large cytoplasmic tail. An N-terminal thioredoxin fusion greatly improved solubility and stability of WbaP(CT) allowing us to obtain highly purified ... | 2012 | 21856724 |
| Application of a bacteriophage cocktail to reduce Salmonella Typhimurium U288 contamination on pig skin. | Multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium U288 is a significant pathogen of pigs, accounting for over half of all outbreaks on UK pig production premises. The potential of this serovar, and other salmonellae, to enter the food chain during the slaughtering process requires that efforts be made to reduce the prevalence of these bacteria at both the pre- and post-harvest stages of production. A bacteriophage cocktail (PC1) capable of lysing various Salmonella enterica serovars was designed using ... | 2011 | 21899907 |
| Modification of the BAX Salmonella test kit to include a hot start functionality (modification of AOAC Official Method 2003.09). | In 2010, the BAX System PCR assay for Salmonella was modified to include a hot start functionality designed to keep the reaction enzyme inactive until PCR begins. To validate the assay's Official Methods of Analysis status to include this procedure modification, an evaluation was conducted on four food types that were simultaneously analyzed with the BAX System and either the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual or the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Food Safety a ... | 2011 | 22165013 |
| genetic characterization of the mechanisms of resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate and third-generation cephalosporins in salmonella enterica from three spanish hospitals. | the mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance were characterized in 90 salmonella enterica isolates either resistant or with intermediate resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate (amc(r/i)) or resistant to third-generation cephalosporins (c3g(r)). these isolates were recovered in three spanish hospitals during 2007-2009. the c3g(r) phenotype was expressed by three isolates that carried the following extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes: phage-associated bla(ctx m-10) in s. virchow, bla(ctx-m-14a) surro ... | 2011 | 22101415 |
| Application of a 16S rRNA PCR/HRMA Assay for Rapid Detection of Salmonella Bacteremia: A Case Report. | Current culture and phenotypic protocols for diagnosing Salmonella infections can be time consuming. Here, we describe the application of a 16S rRNA PCR coupled to high resolution melt analysis for species and serotype identification in six hours of blood sample collection from a patient with Salmonella serotype Enteritidis bacteremia. | 2011 | 22205823 |
| comparison of two possible routes of pathogen contamination of spinach leaves in a hydroponic cultivation system. | the route of pathogen contamination (from roots versus from leaves) of spinach leaves was investigated with a hydroponic cultivation system. three major bacterial pathogens, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, and listeria monocytogenes, were inoculated into the hydroponic solution, in which the spinach was grown to give concentrations of 10⁶ and 10³ cfu/ml. in parallel, the pathogens were inoculated onto the growing leaf surface by pipetting, to give concentrations of 10⁶ and 10³ cfu per leaf ... | 2011 | 21902924 |
| Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of an Ig-domain-encompassing fragment of the giant adhesion protein SiiE from Salmonella enterica. | Salmonella infections can be life-threatening. SiiE is a giant adhesion molecule of 5559 amino acids that is encoded in Salmonella pathogenicity island 4 (SPI4) and that promotes the initial contact between the pathogen and polarized epithelial cells in the intestine of the host. Starting from an engineered deletion version of SiiE (mini-SiiE; 97 kDa), limited proteolysis was used to reproducibly generate a 30 kDa fragment that readily crystallized. Mass spectrometry hints that this fragment spa ... | 2011 | 22102234 |
| Detecting non-typhoid Salmonella in humans by ELISAs: a literature review. | Non-typhoid salmonellosis is one of the most common causes of foodborne illness throughout the world. Serological methods for the diagnosis of Salmonella infections vary widely and the most commonly used test is limited by high running costs as well as low sensitivity and specificity. Fast and reliable immunoassays which detect subunit antigens for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi are commercially available but at present there is no international consensus on similar tests for ... | 2012 | 22034162 |
| oxysterol-binding protein (osbp) enhances replication of intracellular salmonella and binds the salmonella spi-2 effector ssel via its n-terminus. | effectors translocated into the host cell by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium are critical for bacterial virulence. for many effectors, the mechanisms of their interactions with host pathways are not yet understood. we have recently found an interaction between the spi-2 effector ssel and oxysterol-binding protein (osbp). we show here that ssel binds the n-terminus of osbp and that s. typhimurium infection results in redistribution of osbp. we furthermore demonstrate that osbp is required ... | 2011 | 21988961 |
| Identification of environmental reservoirs of nontyphoidal salmonellosis: aptamer-assisted bioconcentration and subsequent detection of salmonella typhimurium by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. | In this study, identification of environmental reservoirs of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (abbreviated as Salmonella Typhimurium) in sediments, water, and aquatic flora collected from the Ganges River (Ganges riverine material) was carried out by adopting a two-step strategy. Step 1 comprised a selective serovar-specific capture of Salmonella Typhimurium from potential reservoirs. Step 2 involved culture-free detection of selectively captured Salmonella Typhi ... | 2011 | 21875107 |
| Molecular characterization of strains of fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Schwarzengrund carrying multidrug resistance isolated from imported foods. | Objectives To determine the fluoroquinolone resistance determinants in Salmonella enterica serovar Schwarzengrund from imported foods. Methods Antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella Schwarzengrund to 16 antibiotics was examined using disc agar diffusion and Etest. Quinolone resistance determinants were examined by sequence analysis of gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE, PCR amplification of qnrA, qnrB and qnrS, and expression of acrB, ramA, marA, soxS and rob using quantitative RT-PCR. The contribution ... | 2012 | 22010209 |
| A single method for recovery and concentration of enteric viruses and bacteria from fresh-cut vegetables. | Fresh-cut vegetables are prone to be contaminated with foodborne pathogens during growth, harvest, transport and further processing and handling. As most of these products are generally eaten raw or mildly treated, there is an increase in the number of outbreaks caused by viruses and bacteria associated with fresh vegetables. Foodborne pathogens are usually present at very low levels and have to be concentrated (i.e. viruses) or enriched (i.e. bacteria) to enhance their detection. With this aim, ... | 2012 | 22036077 |
| Imaging and analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa swarming and rhamnolipid production. | Many bacteria spread over surfaces by "swarming" in groups. A problem for scientists who study swarming is the acquisition of statistically significant data that distinguish two observations or detail the temporal patterns and two-dimensional heterogeneities that occur. It is currently difficult to quantify differences between observed swarm phenotypes. Here, we present a method for acquisition of temporal surface motility data using time-lapse fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging. We specif ... | 2011 | 21984238 |
| Control of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium in chicken breast meat by irradiation combined with modified atmosphere packaging. | Salmonella is one of the leading causes of human foodborne illnesses originating from meat and poultry products. Cross-contamination of Salmonella from raw to cooked products continues to be problematic in the food industry. Therefore, new intervention strategies are needed for meat and poultry products. Vacuum or modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) are common packaging techniques used to extend the shelf life of meat products. Irradiation has been well established as an antibacterial treatment ... | 2011 | 22054182 |
| Resolving the contributions of the membrane-bound and periplasmic nitrate reductase systems to nitric oxide and nitrous oxide production in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. | The production of cytotoxic nitric oxide (NO) and conversion into the neuropharmacological agent and potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) is linked with anoxic nitrate catabolism by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Salmonella can synthesize two types of nitrate reductase: a membrane-bound form (Nar) and a periplasmic form (Nap). Nitrate catabolism was studied under nitrate-rich and nitrate-limited conditions in chemostat cultures following transition from oxic to anoxic conditions. ... | 2012 | 22039967 |
| Lrp acts as both a positive and negative regulator for type 1 fimbriae production in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. | Leucine-responsive regulatory protein (Lrp) is known to be an indirect activator of type 1 fimbriae synthesis in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium via direct regulation of FimZ, a direct positive regulator for type 1 fimbriae production. Using RT-PCR, we have shown previously that fimA transcription is dramatically impaired in both lrp-deletion (?lrp) and constitutive-lrp expression (lrp(C)) mutant strains. In this work, we used chromosomal P(fimA)-lacZ fusions and yeast agglutination assa ... | 2011 | 22046399 |
| BT cationic peptides: Small peptides that modulate innate immune responses of chicken heterophils and monocytes. | Neonatal poultry exhibit a transient susceptibility to infectious diseases during the first week of life that stems from inefficient host defense mechanisms. Yet, the initial host immune response to pathogens is a critical determinant of disease resistance and susceptibility. With this context in mind, novel ways to stimulate or modulate the hosts' natural immune response is emerging as an important area of interest for food animal producers including the poultry industry. Specifically, we have ... | 2011 | 22129785 |
| inhibition of growth of highly resistant bacterial and fungal pathogens by a natural product. | the continuous escalation of resistant bacteria against a wide range of antibiotics necessitates discovering novel unconventional sources of antibiotics. b. oleracea l (red cabbage) is health-promoting food with proven anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. however, it has not been researched adequately for its antimicrobial activity on potential resistant pathogens. the methanol crude extract of b. oleracea l. was investigated for a possible anti-microbial activity. the screening method w ... | 2011 | 21915230 |
| pulsed-field gel electrophoresis supports the presence of host-adapted salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strains in the british garden bird population. | salmonellosis is a frequently diagnosed infectious disease of passerine birds in garden habitats within great britain with potential implications for human and domestic animal health. postmortem examinations were performed on 1,477 garden bird carcasses of circa 50 species from england and wales, 1999 to 2007 inclusive. salmonellosis was confirmed in 263 adult birds of 10 passerine species in this 11-year longitudinal study. a subset of 124 fully biotyped salmonella enterica subsp. enterica sero ... | 2011 | 21948838 |
| isolation and characterization of bacteriophages of salmonella enterica serovar pullorum. | in this study, 2 bacteriophages of salmonella pullorum were isolated using an enrichment protocol and the double agar layer method. they were named pspu-95 and pspu-4-116, respectively, against clinical isolates of salmonella pullorum spu-95 and spu-116. the host ranges of the 2 bacteriophages were determined by performing spot tests with 20 bacteria strains. both bacteriophages had wide host ranges. bacteriophage pspu-95 had a lytic effect on 17 of the 20 isolates (85%), and pspu-4-116 produced ... | 2011 | 21934022 |
| Acanthamoeba polyphaga, a potential environmental vector for the transmission of food-borne and opportunistic pathogens. | The endosymbiotic relationship could represent for many bacteria an important condition favouring their spread in the environment and in foods. For this purpose we studied the behaviour of some food-borne and opportunistic pathogens (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, Aeromonas hydrophila, Yersinia enterocolitica) when internalized in Acanthamoeba polyphaga. Our results confirm the capability of the bacteria tested to gr ... | 2011 | 21953544 |
| Three novel Anas platyrhynchos avian ß-defensins, upregulated by duck hepatitis virus, with antibacterial and antiviral activities. | Three novel Anas platyrhynchos avian ß-defensins (Apl_AvBDs), Apl_AvBD4, 7 and 12, were identified successfully and characterized in tissues from Peking ducks in the present study. The cDNA fragment of Apl_AvBD4 contained 171 bp, and encoded 56 amino acids. The complete nucleotide sequences of Apl_AvBD7 and 12 contained 204 bp and 198 bp open reading frames, which encoded 67 and 65 amino acids, respectively. Both recombinant and synthetic forms of the three Apl_AvBDs showed antibacterial activit ... | 2011 | 21856003 |
| Epidemiological characteristics and molecular typing of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi during a waterborne outbreak in Eastern Anatolia. | In this study, we aimed to study the molecular and epidemiological characteristics of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) outbreak in Eastern Anatolia. Six hundred and thirty-seven patients from the same county with clinical diagnosis of typhoid fever were investigated with conventional methods from stool, urine and blood specimens. Antibiotic susceptibility tests and identifications were performed for positive specimens. Clonal relationships between the isolates were investigated using ... | 2011 | 21929877 |
| phosphoproteomic analysis of salmonella-infected cells identifies key kinase regulators and sopb-dependent host phosphorylation events. | salmonella enterica is a bacterial pathogen that causes gastroenteritis and typhoid fever. virulence is achieved by two type iii secretion systems that translocate effector proteins into host cells, where they mimic or block host protein function. effectors translocated into host cells by the first type iii secretion system facilitate invasion and stimulate intracellular signaling cascades leading to inflammation. here, we performed global temporal analysis of host signaling events induced durin ... | 2011 | 21934108 |
| MLVA polymorphism of Salmonella enterica subspecies isolated from humans, animals, and food in Cambodia. | ABSTRACT: | 2011 | 21861934 |
| transfer of foodborne pathogenic bacteria to non-inoculated beef fillets through meat mincing machine. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the transfer of pathogens population to non-inoculated beef fillets through meat mincing machine. in this regard, cocktails of mixed strain cultures of each listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica ser. typhimurium and escherichia coli o157:h7 were used for the inoculation of beef fillets. three different initial inoculum sizes (3, 5, or 7 log cfu/g) were tested. the inoculated beef fillets passed through meat mincing machine and then, six non-inoculated ... | 2012 | 22119672 |
| SadA, a trimeric autotransporter from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, can promote biofilm formation and provides limited protection against infection. | Salmonella enterica is a major cause of morbidity worldwide and mortality in children and immunocompromised individuals in sub-Saharan Africa. Outer membrane proteins of Salmonella are of significance because they are at the interface between the pathogen and the host, they can contribute to adherence, colonization, and virulence, and they are frequently targets of antibody-mediated immunity. In this study, the properties of SadA, a purported trimeric autotransporter adhesin of Salmonella enteri ... | 2011 | 21859856 |
| Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of major foodborne pathogens in imported seafood. | Seafood is a leading commodity implicated in foodborne disease outbreaks in the United States. Seafood importation rose dramatically in the past 3 decades and now contributes to more than 80% of the total U.S. seafood supply. However, limited data are available on the microbiological safety of imported seafood. In this study, we obtained a total of 171 salmon, shrimp, and tilapia samples imported from 12 countries in three retail stores in Baton Rouge, LA. The total microbial population and the ... | 2011 | 21902913 |
| [immunogenicity of attenuated salmonella choleraesuis vaccine strain expressing immunogenic genes of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in mice]. | the study was carried out to construct and characterize salmonella choleraesuis vaccine strain expressing immunogenic genes of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and to test its immunogenicity in mice. | 2011 | 22126084 |
| tn1548-associated arma is co-located with qnrb2, aac(6')-ib-cr and blactx-m-3 on an incfii plasmid in a salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar paratyphi b strain isolated from chickens in china. | | 2012 | 21965429 |
| report of a salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolate from india producing cmy-2 ampc β-lactamase. | | 2011 | 22146877 |
| identification of salmonella enterica species- and subgroup-specific genomic regions using panseq 2.0. | the pan-genome of a taxonomic group consists of evolutionarily conserved core genes shared by all members and accessory genes that are present only in some members of the group. group- and subgroup-specific core genes are thought to contribute to shared phenotypes such as virulence and niche specificity. in this study we analyzed 39 salmonella enterica genomes (16 closed, 23 draft), a species that contains two human-specific serovars that cause typhoid fever, as well as a large number of zoonoti ... | 2011 | 22001825 |
| transcription of pattern recognition receptors and abortive agents induced chemokines in the bovine pregnant uterus. | pattern recognition receptors (prrs) are important components of the innate immune system whose ligands are specific pathogen associated molecular patterns (pamps). considering the scarcity of studies on transcription of prrs in the pregnant uterus of cows, and its response to pamps and microorganisms that cause abortion in cattle, this study aimed to characterize the transcription of tlr1-10, nod1, nod2 and md2 in bovine uterus throughout gestation and to investigate the sensitivity of differen ... | 2011 | 22153993 |
| Standardisation of multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) for subtyping of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. | Salmonella enterica serovar (S.) Enteritidis is an important cause of food-borne infection in Europe and the United States. Further subtyping of isolates is necessary to support epidemiological data for the detection of outbreaks and identification of the vehicle of infection. Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) is reportedly more discriminatory and produces data that are easier to share via databases than other molecular subtyping methods. However, lack of standardisation o ... | 2011 | 21871223 |
| Reduction of Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis carrying large virulence plasmids after the foot and mouth disease outbreak in swine in southern Taiwan, and their independent evolution in human and pig. | BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis (S. Choleraesuis) is a highly invasive zoonotic pathogen that causes bacteremia in humans and pigs. The prevalence of S. Choleraesuis in man has gradually decreased since the outbreak of foot and mouth disease in pigs in 1997 in southern Taiwan. The goal of this study was to investigate the change in prevalence of S. Choleraesuis carrying the virulence plasmid (pSCV) in human and swine isolates collected in 1995-2005 and characterize t ... | 2011 | 22209685 |
| Response surface methodology-based optimization of decontamination conditions for Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium on fresh-cut celery using thermoultrasound and calcium propionate. | A combination of thermoultrasound (temperature: 50, 55, 60°C; time: 10, 15, 20 min with the frequency of 40 KHz) and calcium propionate (concentration: 1, 2, 3%, w/v) treatment was applied to decontaminate Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) from fresh-cut celery. Using a Box-Behnken experimental design, predictive quadratic equations were developed for treatment-based population reductions of E. coli O157:H7 (R(2)=0.98, p<0.001) and S. Typhimuri ... | 2011 | 21849219 |
| A new biphenyl and antimicrobial activity of extracts and compounds from Clusia burlemarxii. | Phytochemical investigation on Clusia burlemarxii (Clusiaceae) led to isolation and identification of nine compounds. Were isolated from leaves 3-O-a-L- rhamnopyranosylquercetin, 3-O-a-L-rhamnopyranosylkaempferol, 4-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyldihydrofuran-2-one, 2Z-d-tocotrienoloic acid and friedelin and were isolated from trunk betulinic acid, protocatechuic acid, lyoniresinol, and a new biphenyl 2,2-dimethyl-3,5-dihydroxy-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromane. The structures were determined by ¹H, ¹³C-NMR, DEP ... | 2011 | 21893172 |
| Regulation of biofilm components in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium by lytic transglycosylases involved in cell wall turnover. | In Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, a biofilm mode of growth known as the rdar morphotype is regulated by several networks which sense multiple environmental signals. The transcriptional regulator CsgD is the major target for these regulatory pathways. In this study, we show that two lytic transglycosylases of family I, MltE and MltC, in combination increase CsgD expression and rdar morphotype. MltE and MltC, which share a highly similar transglycosylase SLT domain, work redundantly to r ... | 2011 | 21965572 |
| Genome and proteome of Campylobacter jejuni bacteriophage NCTC 12673. | Campylobacter jejuni continues to be the leading cause of bacterial food-borne illness worldwide, so improvements to current methods used for bacterial detection and disease prevention are needed. We describe here the genome and proteome of C. jejuni bacteriophage NCTC 12673 and the exploitation of its receptor-binding protein for specific bacterial detection. Remarkably, the 135-kb Myoviridae genome of NCTC 12673 differs greatly from any other proteobacterial phage genome described (including C ... | 2011 | 21965409 |
| withdrawn: azithromycin for treating uncomplicated typhoid and paratyphoid fever (enteric fever). | review status: current question - no update intended. azithromycin treatments are included in the review: fluoroquinolones for treating typhoid and paratyphoid fever (enteric fever). (thaver d, zaidi akm, critchley ja, azmatullah a, madni sa, bhutta za. fluoroquinolones for treating typhoid and paratyphoid fever (enteric fever). cochrane database of systematic reviews 2008, issue 4. art. no.: cd004530. doi: 10.1002/14651858.cd004530.pub3.) this latter review is being updated, and will be publi ... | 2011 | 21975751 |
| effects of residual antibiotics in groundwater on salmonella typhimurium: changes in antibiotic resistance, in vivo and in vitro pathogenicity. | an outbreak-causing strain of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium was exposed to groundwater with residual antibiotics for up to four weeks. representative concentrations (0.05, 1, and 100 μg l(-1)) of amoxicillin, tetracycline, and a mixture of several other antibiotics (1 μg l(-1) each) were spiked into artificially prepared groundwater (agw). antibiotic susceptibility analysis and the virulence response of stressed salmonella were determined on a weekly basis by using human epithelial cel ... | 2011 | 22051852 |
| tlr5-dependent immunogenicity of a recombinant fusion protein containing an immunodominant epitope of malarial circumsporozoite protein and the flic flagellin of salmonella typhimurium. | recently, we described the improved immunogenicity of new malaria vaccine candidates based on the expression of fusion proteins containing immunodominant epitopes of merozoites and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium flagellin (flic) protein as an innate immune agonist. here, we tested whether a similar strategy, based on an immunodominant b-cell epitope from malaria sporozoites, could also generate immunogenic fusion polypeptides. a recombinant his6-tagged flic protein containing the c-term ... | 2011 | 21881771 |
| Classification of Salmonella enterica serotypes from Australian poultry using repetitive sequence-based PCR. | Aims: To evaluate a semi-automated repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) system for the classification of Salmonella serotypes from Australian poultry. Methods and Results: Using a DNA fingerprint library within the DiversiLab(®) System, four separate databases were constructed (serogroup B, C, E and Other). These databases contained 483 serologically confirmed (reference laboratory) Salmonella isolates. A blinded set of Salmonella cultures (n = 155) were typed by rep ... | 2012 | 21981579 |
| Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis for subtyping Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum. | Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum causes a severe systemic disease, fowl typhoid, primarily in chickens and turkeys, and it remains a disease of worldwide significance. Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) has proved to be very useful for subtyping other Salmonella serovars. We describe the development of a simple MLVA assay for S. enterica serovar Gallinarum that is comparable with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in resolution. The genome sequence of S. enterica ... | 2011 | 22107089 |
| Structure elucidation of the O-Antigen of Salmonella enterica O51 and its structural and genetic relation to the O-Antigen of Escherichia coli O23. | The O-polysaccharide (O-antigen) of Salmonella enterica O51 was isolated by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide and its structure was established using sugar analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The O-antigen of Escherichia coli O23, whose structure was elucidated earlier, possesses a similar structure and differs only in the presence of an additional lateral a-D-Glcp residue at position 6 of the GlcNAc residue in the main chain. Sequencing of the O-antigen gene clusters of S. enterica O51 ... | 2011 | 21999538 |
| molecular and cellular characterization of a salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a outbreak strain and the human immune response to its infection. | enteric fever is an invasive life-threatening systemic disease caused by the salmonella enterica human adapted serovars typhi and paratyphi. increasing incidence of infections with salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a (s. paratyphi a) and the spreading of its antibiotic-resistant derivates pose a significant health concern in some areas of the world. herein we describe a molecular and phenotypic characterization of a s. paratyphi a strain accounted for a recent paratyphoid outbreak in nepal, ... | 2011 | 22190395 |
| reductions of salmonella enterica on chicken breast by thymol, acetic acid, sodium dodecyl sulfate or hydrogen peroxide combinations as compared to chlorine wash. | poultry products are important vehicles for salmonella transmission to humans and have been incriminated in several salmonella outbreaks. thymol (thy) from thyme oil has wide inhibitory effects against foodborne pathogens including salmonella, and has shown great potential as a natural alternative to chlorine. in order to improve the cost-effectiveness of thymol-based washing solutions, formulas of thy with combination of organic acid or surfactant were developed and their efficacies to reduce s ... | 2012 | 22030209 |
| Biochemical and thermodynamic analyses of Salmonella enterica Pat, a multidomain, multimeric N(e)-lysine acetyltransferase involved in carbon and energy metabolism. | In the bacterium Salmonella enterica, the CobB sirtuin protein deacetylase and the Gcn5-related N(e)-acetyltransferase (GNAT) Pat control carbon utilization and metabolic flux via N(e)-lysine acetylation/deacetylation of metabolic enzymes. To date, the S. enterica Pat (SePat) acetyltransferase has not been biochemically characterized. Here we report the kinetic and thermodynamic characterization of the SePat enzyme using two of its substrates, acetyl coenzyme A (Ac-CoA) synthetase (Acs; AMP form ... | 2011 | 22010215 |
| excision of an unstable pathogenicity island in salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis is induced during infection of phagocytic cells. | the availability of the complete genome sequence of several salmonella enterica serovars has revealed the presence of unstable genetic elements in these bacteria, such as pathogenicity islands and prophages. this is the case of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis), a bacterium that causes gastroenteritis in humans and systemic infection in mice. the whole genome sequence analysis for s. enteritidis unveiled the presence of several genetic regions that are absent in other salm ... | 2011 | 22039432 |
| inhibition of growth of pathogenic bacteria in raw milk by legume protein esters. | protein isolates from soybean and chickpea, as well as their methylated esters, were tested for their inhibitory action against the propagation of pathogenic bacteria in raw milk during its storage either at room temperature or under refrigeration. raw milk was inoculated with a mixed culture of listeria monocytogenes scott a and salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis strain pt4 at ca. 2 log cfu ml⁻¹. aerobic plate count, coliform count, and presumptive e. coli in raw milk treated with esterifi ... | 2011 | 21902916 |
| Phenotypic and molecular characterization of human salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- isolates in Slovakia. | Forty-three epidemiologically unrelated emerging Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- strains isolated during the period 2009-2010 in Slovakia were characterized by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Thirty-one isolates (72.1%) expressed resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfizoxazole, and tetracycline [R-type ASSuT]. The majority of the strains belonged to both definitive phage types DT193 (30.2%) and U311 (27.9%). Other phage types identified were U302 (6.9%), DT18 (4. ... | 2011 | 21909783 |
| Proteolytic targeting of Rab29 by an effector protein distinguishes the intracellular compartments of human-adapted and broad-host Salmonella. | Unlike broad-host Salmonella serovars, which cause self-limiting disease, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi can infect only humans causing typhoid fever, a life-threatening systemic disease. The molecular bases for these differences are presently unknown. Here we show that the GTPase Rab29 (Rab7L1) distinguishes the intracellular vacuole of human-adapted and broad-host Salmonella serovars. A screen to identify host factors required for the export of typhoid toxin, which is exclusively encoded by ... | 2011 | 22042847 |
| d-Fagomine lowers postprandial blood glucose and modulates bacterial adhesion. | d-Fagomine is an iminosugar originally isolated from seeds of buckwheat (Fagopyrum sculentum Moench), present in the human diet and now available as a pure crystalline product. We tested d-fagomine for activities connected to a reduction in the risk of developing insulin resistance, becoming overweight and suffering from an excess of potentially pathogenic bacteria. The activities were: intestinal sucrase inhibition in vitro (rat mucosa and everted intestine sleeves), modulation of postprandial ... | 2011 | 22017795 |
| Single nucleotide polypmorphisms of fimH associated with adherence and biofilm formation by serovars of Salmonella enterica. | Type 1 fimbriae produced by serovars of Salmonella are characterized by their ability to agglutinate guinea pig erythrocytes in the absence of d-mannose but not in its presence. The FimH protein is the adhesin that mediates this reaction; it is distinct from the major fimbrial protei.n (FimA) that composes the fimbrial shaft. Avian-adapted serovars of Salmonella produce non-haemagglutinating fimbriae that have been reported to mediate adherence to avian cells. A single amino acid substitution is ... | 2011 | 21852351 |
| functional recruitment of human complement inhibitor c4b-binding protein to outer membrane protein rck of salmonella. | resistance to complement mediated killing, or serum resistance, is a common trait of pathogenic bacteria. rck is a 17 kda outer membrane protein encoded on the virulence plasmid of salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium and enteritidis. when expressed in either e. coli or s. enterica typhimurium, rck confers lps-independent serum resistance as well as the ability to bind to and invade mammalian cells. having recently shown that rck binds the inhibitor of the alternative pathway of complement, ... | 2011 | 22102907 |
| Salmonella, the host and its microbiota. | The intestine is host to a diverse bacterial community whose structure, at the phylum level, is maintained through unknown mechanisms. Acute inflammation triggered by enteric pathogens, such as Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), is accompanied by changes in the bacterial community structure marked by an outgrowth of the pathogen. Recent studies show that S. Typhimurium can harness benefit from the host response to edge out the beneficial bacterial species that dominate in ... | 2011 | 22030447 |
| Changes in transcriptional orientation are associated with increases in evolutionary rates of enterobacterial genes. | Changes in transcriptional orientation ("CTOs") occur frequently in prokaryotic genomes. Such changes usually result from genomic inversions, which may cause a conflict between the directions of replication and transcription and an increase in mutation rate. However, CTOs do not always lead to the replication-transcription confrontation. Furthermore, CTOs may cause deleterious disruptions of operon structure and/or gene regulations. The currently existing CTOs may indicate relaxation of selectio ... | 2011 | 22152004 |
| cobalt stress in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica: molecular bases for toxicity and resistance. | cobalt (co) is present in trace amounts in the environment but it can be toxic when it accumulates in cells. the question of how co produces its toxic effects and how living organisms protect themselves from, and resist to, such a stress remains to be clarified. studies pertaining to these issues were recently carried out in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica. iron-sulfur proteins were identified as primary targets of co ions. perturbation of iron homeostasis, oxidative stress and possible ... | 2011 | 21952637 |
| either periplasmic tethering or protease resistance is sufficient to allow a sodc to protect salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium from phagocytic superoxide. | salmonella typhimurium combats phagocytic superoxide by producing the periplasmic superoxide dismutase, sodci. the homologous protein, sodcii, is also produced during infection, but does not contribute to virulence. the proteins physically differ in that sodci is dimeric, protease resistant and non-covalently tethered within the periplasm. conversely, sodcii is a protease-sensitive monomer that is released normally from the periplasm by osmotic shock. to identify which properties correlate with ... | 2011 | 22023457 |
| the conserved yjgf protein family deaminates enamine/imine intermediates of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (plp)-dependent enzyme reactions. | the yjgf/yer057c/uk114 family of proteins is conserved in all domains of life, suggesting that the role of these proteins arose early and was maintained throughout evolution. metabolic consequences of lacking this protein in salmonella enterica and other organisms have been described, but the biochemical function of yjgf remained unknown. this work provides the first description of a conserved biochemical activity for the yjgf protein family. our data support the conclusion that yjgf proteins ha ... | 2011 | 22094463 |
| Salmonella effectors: important players modulating host cell function during infection. | Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a Gram-negative facultative food-borne pathogen that causes gastroenteritis in humans. This bacterium has evolved a sophisticated machinery to alter host cell function critical to its virulence capabilities. Central to S. Typhimurium pathogenesis are two Type III secretion systems (T3SS) encoded within pathogenicity islands SPI-1 and SPI-2 that are responsible for the secretion and translocation of a set of bacterial proteins termed eff ... | 2011 | 21902796 |
| Characterization of bla(CMY)-Encoding Plasmids Among Salmonella Isolated in the United States in 2007. | Abstract Salmonella enterica is one of the most common bacterial causes of foodborne illness, and nontyphoidal Salmonella is estimated to cause ~1.2 million illnesses in the United States each year. Plasmids are mobile genetic elements that play a critical role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants. AmpC-type CMY ß-lactamases (bla(CMY)) confer resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and ß-lactam/ß-lactamase inhibitor combinations and are commonly plasmid-encoded. ... | 2011 | 21883005 |
| Analysis of the expression, secretion and translocation of the Salmonella enterica type III secretion system effector SteA. | Many Gram-negative pathogens possess virulence-related type III secretion systems. Salmonella enterica uses two of these systems, encoded on the pathogenicity islands SPI-1 and SPI-2, respectively, to translocate more than 30 effector proteins into eukaryotic host cells. SteA is one of the few effectors that can be translocated by both systems. We investigated the conditions affecting the synthesis of this effector, its secretion to culture media and its translocation into host cells. Whereas st ... | 2011 | 22046414 |
| the transcript from the σ(28)-dependent promoter is translationally inert in the expression of the σ(28)-encoding gene flia in the fliaz operon of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | there are three classes of promoters for flagellar operons in salmonella. class 2 promoters are transcribed by σ(70) rna polymerase in the presence of an essential activator, flhd(4)c(2), and activated by an auxiliary regulator, fliz. class 3 promoters are transcribed by σ(28) rna polymerase and repressed by an anti-σ(28) factor, flgm. σ(28) (flia) and fliz are encoded by the flia and fliz genes, respectively, which together constitute an operon transcribed in this order. this operon is transcri ... | 2011 | 21908664 |
| salmonella type iii effector spvc, a phosphothreonine lyase, contributes to reduction in inflammatory response during intestinal phase of infection. | salmonella phosphothreonine lyase spvc inactivates the dual-phosphorylated host mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapk) through β-elimination. while spvc can be secreted in vitro by both salmonella pathogenicity island (spi)-1 and spi-2 type iii secretion systems (t3sss), translocation of this protein into the host cell cytosol has only been demonstrated by spi-2 t3ss. in this study, we show that spvc can be delivered into the host cell cytoplasm by both spi-1 and spi-2 t3sss. dephosphorylation ... | 2011 | 22188134 |
| purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of the dnde protein from salmonella enterica serovar cerro 87, which is involved in dna phosphorothioation. | the phenomenon of dna phosphorothioation (dna sulfur modification) is widespread among prokaryotes and may serve as a mechanism to restrict gene transfer among bacteria. dnde is one of five essential proteins that are required for the dna phosphorothioation process. however, its exact biochemical role in sulfur modification of dna remains unclear. in this study, the dnde protein homologue from salmonella enterica serovar cerro 87 was overexpressed, purified and crystallized. the crystals of the ... | 2011 | 22102252 |
| [anti-cytokine activity of microorganisms]. | development of a method of determination of anti-cytokine activity (aca) of microorganisms, study of the prevalence and intensity of aca to pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria. | 2011 | 21913393 |
| reveal salmonella 2.0 test for detection of salmonella spp. in foods and environmental samples. performance tested method 960801. | reveal salmonella 2.0 is an improved version of the original reveal salmonella lateral flow immunoassay and is applicable to the detection of salmonella enterica serogroups a-e in a variety of food and environmental samples. a performance tested method validation study was conducted to compare performance of the reveal 2.0 method with that of the u.s. department of agriculture-food safety and inspection service or u.s. food and drug administration/bacteriological analytical manual reference cult ... | 2011 | 22165011 |
| naturally occurring motility-defective mutants of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis isolated preferentially from nonhuman rather than human sources. | salmonellosis represents a worldwide health problem because it is one of the major causes of food-borne disease. although motility is postulated as an important salmonella virulence attribute, there is little information about variation in motility in natural isolates. here we report the identification of a point mutation (t551 → g) in mota, a gene essential for flagellar rotation, in several salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis field isolates. this mutation results in bacteria that can biosy ... | 2011 | 21926214 |
| complete genome sequence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium bacteriophage spn1s. | to understand the interaction between the host of pathogenic salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and its bacteriophage, we isolated the bacteriophage spn1s. it is a lysogenic phage in the podoviridae family and uses the o-antigen of lipopolysaccharides (lps) as a host receptor. comparative genomic analysis of phage spn1s and the s. enterica serovar anatum-specific phage ε15 revealed different host specificities, probably due to the low homology of host specificity-related genes. here we repo ... | 2012 | 22205721 |
| Composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil from Scutellaria grossa Wall ex Benth. | The chemical composition of the steam volatile oil of the whole aerial part of Scutellaria grossa Wall ex Benth. (Lamiaceae), obtained by steam distillation, has been analysed by capillary GC and GC-MS. The oil was found to be rich in oxygenated monoterpenes (88.6%). A total of 50 constituents were identified, representing 94.4% of the total oil composition. Linalool (37.0%) and 1-octen-3-ol (32.0%) were found to be the principal constituents. The antibacterial activity of the oil was determined ... | 2012 | 22060314 |
| salmonella effector proteins and host-cell responses. | acute gastroenteritis caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a significant public health problem. this pathogen has very sophisticated molecular machinery encoded by the two pathogenicity islands, namely salmonella pathogenicity island 1 and 2 (spi-1 and spi-2). remarkably, both spi-1 and spi-2 are very tightly regulated in terms of timing of expression and spatial localization of the encoded effectors during the infection process within the host cell. this regulation is governed a ... | 2011 | 21984608 |
| internal colonization of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in tomato plants. | several salmonella enterica outbreaks have been traced back to contaminated tomatoes. in this study, the internalization of s. enterica typhimurium via tomato leaves was investigated as affected by surfactants and bacterial rdar morphotype, which was reported to be important for the environmental persistence and attachment of salmonella to plants. surfactants, especially silwet l-77, promoted ingress and survival of s. enterica typhimurium in tomato leaves. in each of two experiments, 84 tomato ... | 2011 | 22096553 |
| arma methyltransferase in a monophasic salmonella enterica isolate from food. | the 16s rrna methyltransferase arma is a worldwide emerging determinant that confers high-level resistance to most clinically relevant aminoglycosides. we report here the identification and characterization of a multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica subspecies i.4,12:i:- isolate recovered from chicken meat sampled in a supermarket on february 2009 in la reunion, a french island in the indian ocean. susceptibility testing showed an unusually high-level resistance to gentamicin, as well as to am ... | 2011 | 21859937 |
| genome sequence of lactobacillus salivarius nias840, isolated from chicken intestine. | lactobacillus salivarius is a well-known lactic acid bacterium to which increasing attention has been paid recently for use as probiotics for humans and animals. l. salivarius nias840 was first isolated from broiler chicken feces, displaying antimicrobial activities against multidrug-resistant staphylococcus aureus and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. here, we report the genome sequence of l. salivarius nias840 (2,046,557 bp) including a small plasmid and two megaplasmids. | 2011 | 21914873 |
| evaluation of abelmoschus moschatus extracts for antioxidant, free radical scavenging, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities using in vitro assays. | abelmoschus moschatus medik. leaves and seeds are considered as valuable traditional medicine. the aromatic seeds of this plant are aphrodisiac, ophthalmic, cardio tonic, antispasmodic and used in the treatment of intestinal complaints and check queasiness. to give a scientific basis for traditional usage of this medicinal plant, the seed and leaf extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant, free radical scavenging, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities. | 2011 | 21849051 |
| intestinal inflammation allows salmonella to use ethanolamine to compete with the microbiota. | conventional wisdom holds that microbes support their growth in vertebrate hosts by exploiting a large variety of nutrients. we show here that use of a specific nutrient (ethanolamine) confers a marked growth advantage on salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) in the lumen of the inflamed intestine. in the anaerobic environment of the gut, ethanolamine supports little or no growth by fermentation. however, s. typhimurium is able to use this carbon source by inducing the gut to ... | 2011 | 21969563 |
| immune suppression induced by vi capsular polysaccharide is overcome by vi-dt conjugate vaccine. | the influence pre-exposure of mice to vi capsular polysaccharide, purified from salmonella enterica serovar typhi, on the subsequent immune response induced by a vi-diphtheria toxoid (vi-dt) conjugate was evaluated. vi induced low anti vi igg titers with the dominant subclass being igg3. the vi-dt conjugate induced high titers of anti vi igg with the dominant subclass being igg1 but with considerable quantities of igg2a, igg2b and igg3. priming of mice with vi suppressed the response to a subseq ... | 2011 | 22192846 |
| infection of mice by salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis involves additional genes that are absent in the genome of serovar typhimurium. | salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) causes a systemic, typhoid-like infection in newly hatched poultry and mice. in the present study, a library of 54,000 transposon mutants of s. enteritidis pt4 strain p125109 was screened for mutants deficient in the in vivo colonization of balb/c mouse model using a microarray-based negative selection screening. mutants in genes known to contribute to systemic infection (e.g. spi-2, aro, rfa, rfb, phop, phoq) and enteric infection (e.g. s ... | 2011 | 22083712 |
| molecular characterisation of high-level ciprofloxacin-resistant salmonella enterica with multiple antibiotic resistance and class 1 integrons isolated from imported foods. | | 2011 | 22100280 |
| Immunochemical studies of Salmonella Dakar and Salmonella Telaviv O-antigens (serogroup O:28). | Salmonella Dakar and Salmonella Telaviv bacteria belong to serogroup O:28, which represents 107 serovars and possesses only the epitope O28. Salmonella Telaviv has the subfactors O28(1) and O28(2) , whereas S. Dakar has O28(1) and O28(3) . So far, only limited serological and immunological information for this serogroup is available in the literature. Knowledge of the structures of their O-polysaccharides and the immunochemical investigations performed in this work allowed to reveal the nature ... | 2012 | 22092663 |
| the production and detoxification of a potent cytotoxin, nitric oxide, by pathogenic enteric bacteria. | the nitrogen cycle is based on several redox reactions that are mainly accomplished by prokaryotic organisms, some archaea and a few eukaryotes, which use these reactions for assimilatory, dissimilatory or respiratory purposes. one group is the enterobacteriaceae family of gammaproteobacteria, which have their natural habitats in soil, marine environments or the intestines of humans and other warm-blooded animals. some of the genera are pathogenic and usually associated with intestinal infection ... | 2011 | 22103543 |
| oral administration of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium expressing swine interleukin-18 induces th1-biased protective immunity against inactivated vaccine of pseudorabies virus. | enhancing and/or modulating innate and adaptive immunity by cytokines appears to be greatly useful to provide effective protective immunity against infectious diseases. however, an effective delivery system for mass administration in livestock industry is needed because of limitations such as cost, labor, time, and protein stability. here the immunomodulatory functions of swine interleukine-18 (swil-18), known as ifn-γ-inducing factor (igif), were evaluated in a vaccination model of pseudorabies ... | 2011 | 21940117 |
| evaluation of royal sun agaricus, agaricus brasiliensis s. wasser et al., aqueous extract in mice challenged with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | this study investigated the effects of agaricus brasiliensis s. wasser et al. (=agaricus blazei murrill sensu heinem.) aqueous extract on small intestinal siga levels, serum tnf-alpha, ifn-gamma and il-10 levels, splenic index, bacterial translocation, and histology of small intestine, spleen, and liver from mice orally challenged with 10(6) cfu of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (sest). splenic index values as well as siga, tnf-alpha, ifn-gamma, and il-10 levels were not affected by eit ... | 2011 | 22135880 |
| ompr may regulate the putative yehu/yeht two-component system in salmonella enterica serovar typhi under hypotonic growth condition. | decreased expression (twofold) of a putative yehuts operon of which yehut encodes a putative yehu/yeht two-component system in the ompr mutant from salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) gifu10007 under hypotonic growth condition was observed by qrt-pcr. purified recombinant protein ompr(his6) of gifu10007 was shown to bind the upstream region of the yehu gene by the gel-shift assay. in addition, the yeht deletion mutant (δyeht) displayed differential expression (twofold or higher) of 26 g ... | 2011 | 22179129 |
| improved templated fluorogenic probes enhance the analysis of closely related pathogenic bacteria by microscopy and flow cytometry. | templated fluorescence activation has recently emerged as a promising molecular approach to detect and differentiate nucleic acid sequences in vitro and in cells. here, we describe the application of a reductive quencher release strategy to the taxonomic analysis of gram-negative bacteria by targeting a single nucleotide difference in their 16s rrna in a two-color assay. for this purpose, it was necessary to develop a release linker containing a quencher suitable for red and near-infrared fluoro ... | 2011 | 21870777 |
| the deubiquitinase activity of the salmonella pathogenicity island 2 effector, ssel, prevents accumulation of cellular lipid droplets. | to cause disease, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium requires two type iii secretion systems that are encoded by salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 (spi-1 and -2). these secretion systems serve to deliver specialized proteins (effectors) into the host cell cytosol. while the importance of these effectors to promote colonization and replication within the host has been established, the specific roles of individual secreted effectors in the disease process are not well understood. in th ... | 2011 | 21875964 |
| First multi-epitope subunit vaccine against extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli delivered by a bacterial type-3 secretion system (T3SS). | Infections due to extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) are very common in humans as well as in animals. In humans ExPEC infections include urinary tract infections (UTI), septicemia, and wound infections, which result in significant morbidity, mortality, and substantial healthcare costs. In view of the increasing number of ExPEC infections caused by more and more resistant strains, effective prevention would be desirable. Given the rising treatment costs, a vaccine may be cost-effective in ... | 2012 | 22000741 |
| malaria impairs resistance to salmonella through heme- and heme oxygenase-dependent dysfunctional granulocyte mobilization. | in sub-saharan africa, invasive nontyphoid salmonella (nts) infection is a common and often fatal complication of plasmodium falciparum infection. induction of heme oxygenase-1 (ho-1) mediates tolerance to the cytotoxic effects of heme during malarial hemolysis but might impair resistance to nts by limiting production of bactericidal reactive oxygen species. we show that co-infection of mice with plasmodium yoelii 17xnl (py17xnl) and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium 12023 (salmonella typh ... | 2011 | 22179318 |
| similarity of genes horizontally acquired by escherichia coli and salmonella enterica is evidence of a supraspecies pangenome. | most bacterial and archaeal genomes contain many genes with little or no similarity to other genes, a property that impedes identification of gene origins. by comparing the codon usage of genes shared among strains (primarily vertically inherited genes) and genes unique to one strain (primarily recently horizontally acquired genes), we found that the plurality of unique genes in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica are much more similar to each other than are their vertically inherited genes ... | 2011 | 22128332 |
| antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of non-typhoidal salmonella isolates in the gambia and senegal. | the prevalence of virulence genes in non-typhoidal salmonella (nts) and its association with commonly used antibiotics in west africa is unknown. | 2011 | 22112729 |