| campylobacter jejuni induces an anti-inflammatory response in human intestinal epithelial cells through activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/akt pathway. | campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) is the most common cause of human acute bacterial gastroenteritis. poultry is a major reservoir of c. jejuni and considered an important source of human infections, thus, it is important to understand the host response to c. jejuni from chicken origin. in this study, we demonstrated firstly that a chicken isolate sc11 colonized chicks faster than clinical isolate nctc11168. using the sc11, we further studied the host responds to c. jejuni in terms of inflammatory ... | 2010 | 20863633 |
| genomic characterization of campylobacter jejuni strain m1. | campylobacter jejuni strain m1 (laboratory designation 99/308) is a rarely documented case of direct transmission of c. jejuni from chicken to a person, resulting in enteritis. we have sequenced the genome of c. jejuni strain m1, and compared this to 12 other c. jejuni sequenced genomes currently publicly available. compared to these, m1 is closest to strain 81116. based on the 13 genome sequences, we have identified the c. jejuni pan-genome, as well as the core genome, the auxiliary genes, and ... | 2010 | 20865039 |
| analogies and homologies in lipopolysaccharide and glycoprotein biosynthesis in bacteria. | bacteria generate and attach countless glycan structures to diverse macromolecules. despite this diversity, the mechanisms of glycoconjugate biosynthesis are often surprisingly similar. the focus of this review is on the commonalities between lipopolysaccharide (lps) and glycoprotein assembly pathways and their evolutionary relationship. three steps that are essential for both pathways are completed by membrane proteins. these include the initiation of glycan assembly through the attachment of a ... | 2010 | 20871101 |
| can bacteria actively search to join groups? | | 2010 | 20882056 |
| can bacteria actively search to join groups? | | 2010 | 20882056 |
| [campylobacter jejuni infection and guillain-barré syndrome]]. | | 2010 | 20882747 |
| megacities as sources for pathogenic bacteria in rivers and their fate downstream. | poor sanitation, poor treatments of waste water, as well as catastrophic floods introduce pathogenic bacteria into rivers, infecting and killing many people. the goal of clean water for everyone has to be achieved with a still growing human population and their rapid concentration in large cities, often megacities. how long introduced pathogens survive in rivers and what their niches are remain poorly known but essential to control water-borne diseases in megacities. biofilms are often niches fo ... | 2010 | 20885968 |
| megacities as sources for pathogenic bacteria in rivers and their fate downstream. | poor sanitation, poor treatments of waste water, as well as catastrophic floods introduce pathogenic bacteria into rivers, infecting and killing many people. the goal of clean water for everyone has to be achieved with a still growing human population and their rapid concentration in large cities, often megacities. how long introduced pathogens survive in rivers and what their niches are remain poorly known but essential to control water-borne diseases in megacities. biofilms are often niches fo ... | 2010 | 20885968 |
| the flagellar protein flil is essential for swimming in rhodobacter sphaeroides. | in this work we characterize the function of the flagellar protein flil in rhodobacter sphaeroides. our results show that flil is essential for motility in this bacterium and that in its absence flagellar rotation is highly impaired. a green fluorescent protein (gfp)-flil fusion forms polar and lateral fluorescent foci that show different spatial dynamics. the presence of these foci is dependent on the expression of the flagellar genes controlled by the master regulator fleq, suggesting that add ... | 2010 | 20889747 |
| guillain-barré syndrome-a classical autoimmune disease triggered by infection or vaccination. | guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) is a rare autoimmune disorder, the incidence of which is estimated to be 0.6-4/100,000 person/year worldwide. often, gbs occurs a few days or weeks after the patient has had symptoms of a respiratory or gastrointestinal microbial infection. the disorder is sub-acute developing over the course of hours or days up to 3 to 4 weeks. about a third of all cases of guillain-barré syndrome are preceded by campylobacter jejuni infection. c. jejuni strains isolated from gbs p ... | 2010 | 20890797 |
| human and bovine adenoviruses for the detection of source-specific fecal pollution in coastal waters in australia. | in this study, the host-specificity and -sensitivity of human- and bovine-specific adenoviruses (hs-avs and bs-avs) were evaluated by testing wastewater/fecal samples from various animal species in southeast, queensland, australia. the overall specificity and sensitivity of the hs-avs marker were 1.0 and 0.78, respectively. these figures for the bs-avs were 1.0 and 0.73, respectively. twenty environmental water samples were collected during wet conditions and 20 samples were colleted during dry ... | 2010 | 20891037 |
| bacterial enteropathogens and risk factors associated with childhood diarrhea. | to investigate the etiology of bacterial enteropathogens causing diarrhea among children; to elucidate the risk factors, sign and symptoms involved in developing of infection; and to identify the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. | 2010 | 20924718 |
| low levels of antibacterial drug resistance expressed by gram-negative bacteria isolated from poultry carcasses in new zealand. | to provide baseline data on the levels and patterns of antibacterial drug resistance expressed by gram-negative bacteria isolated from poultry carcasses in new zealand. | 2010 | 20927173 |
| infections of people with complement deficiencies and patients who have undergone splenectomy. | the complement system comprises several fluid-phase and membrane-associated proteins. under physiological conditions, activation of the fluid-phase components of complement is maintained under tight control and complement activation occurs primarily on surfaces recognized as "nonself" in an attempt to minimize damage to bystander host cells. membrane complement components act to limit complement activation on host cells or to facilitate uptake of antigens or microbes "tagged" with complement fra ... | 2010 | 20930072 |
| [preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for flaa protein of campylobacter jejuni]. | we expressed and purified campylobacter jejuni flagellin flaa protein to develop monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against this protein. | 2010 | 20931882 |
| efficacy of high-intensity pulsed light for the microbiological decontamination of chicken, associated packaging, and contact surfaces. | the efficacy of high-intensity light pulse (hilp) technology (3 hz, maximum of 505 j/pulse, and a pulse duration of 360 μs) for the decontamination of raw chicken and associated packaging and surface materials was investigated. its ability to reduce microbial counts on raw chicken through plastic films was also examined. complete inactivation of campylobacter spp., escherichia coli, and salmonella enteritidis in liquid was achieved after 30 sec hilp treatment. reductions of 3.56, 4.69, and 4.60 ... | 2010 | 20932088 |
| direction of neutrophil movements by campylobacter-infected intestinal epithelium. | campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli together represent the leading bacterial cause of human enteritis. however, the pathogenesis of this disease is poorly understood. infection results in the formation of crypt abscesses resulting from the migration of neutrophils across the intestinal epithelium and into the intestinal crypts. in this study, we model this process in vitro and show that campylobacter infection of epithelium results in a quantifiable increase in the directed movement of n ... | 2010 | 20934530 |
| evolution and population structure of salmonella enterica serovar newport. | salmonellosis caused by salmonella enterica serovar newport is a major global public health concern, particularly because s. newport isolates that are resistant to multiple drugs (mdr), including third-generation cephalosporins (mdr-ampc phenotype), have been commonly isolated from food animals. we analyzed 384 s. newport isolates from various sources by a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme to study the evolution and population structure of the serovar. these were compared to the populatio ... | 2010 | 20935094 |
| intranasal immunization with chitosan/pcaggs-flaa nanoparticles inhibits campylobacter jejuni in a white leghorn model. | campylobacter jejuni is the most common zoonotic bacterium associated with human diarrhea, and chickens are considered to be one of the most important sources for human infection, with no effective prophylactic treatment available. we describe here a prophylactic strategy using chitosan-dna intranasal immunization to induce specific immune responses. the chitosan used for intranasal administration is a natural mucus absorption enhancer, which results in transgenic dna expression in chicken nasop ... | 2010 | 20936115 |
| [effect of matteuccia struthiopteris polysaccharides on systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndrome induced by campylobacter jejuni in balb/c mice]. | matteuccia struthiopteris is a nature plant, which contains a lot of potential active components. in the present study, we investigated the effect of polysaccharides extracted from matteuccia struthiopteris on lupus-like syndrome induced by campylobacter jejuni cj-s131 in balb/c mice. mice were randomly divided into normal, model control, sle model (vehicle treated), matteuccia struthiopteris polysaccharides treated (30 and 15 mg x kg(-1)) groups and prednisone 5 mg x kg(-1) treated groups. the ... | 2010 | 20939178 |
| prevalence and characterization of campylobacter spp. isolated from domestic and imported poultry meat in korea, 2004–2008. | campylobacteriosis in humans is primarily caused by handling or consuming contaminated poultry or their products. the aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of campylobacter spp. in domestic and imported poultry meat in korea and to further characterize the obtained isolates. from 2004 to 2008, a total of 475 domestic and 867 imported raw poultry meat samples were examined for the presence of campylobacter spp. among 475 domestic poultry meat samples, campylobacter jejuni and campylo ... | 2010 | 20939742 |
| characterization of a hemophore-like protein from porphyromonas gingivalis. | the porphyrin auxotrophic pathogen porphyromonas gingivalis obtains the majority of essential iron and porphyrin from host hemoproteins. to achieve this, the organism expresses outer membrane gingipains containing cysteine proteinase domains linked to hemagglutinin domains. heme mobilized in this way is taken up by p. gingivalis through a variety of potential portals where hmuy/hmur of the hmu locus are best described. these receptors have relatively low binding affinities for heme. in this repo ... | 2010 | 20940309 |
| structure of a putative ntp pyrophosphohydrolase: yp_001813558.1 from exiguobacterium sibiricum 255-15. | the crystal structure of a putative ntpase, yp_001813558.1 from exiguobacterium sibiricum 255-15 (pf09934, duf2166) was determined to 1.78 å resolution. yp_001813558.1 and its homologs (dimeric dutpases, mazg proteins and hise-encoded phosphoribosyl atp pyrophosphohydrolases) form a superfamily of all-α-helical ntp pyrophosphatases. in dimeric dutpase-like proteins, a central four-helix bundle forms the active site. however, in yp_001813558.1, an unexpected intertwined swapping of two of the hel ... | 2010 | 20944217 |
| severe imported falciparum malaria: a cohort study in 400 critically ill adults. | large studies on severe imported malaria in non-endemic industrialized countries are lacking. we sought to describe the clinical spectrum of severe imported malaria in french adults and to identify risk factors for mortality at admission to the intensive care unit. | 2010 | 20949045 |
| antibiotic manipulation of intestinal microbiota to identify microbes associated with campylobacter jejuni exclusion in poultry. | the ability of various subsets of poultry intestinal microbiota to protect turkeys from colonization by campylobacter jejuni was investigated. community subsets were generated in vivo by inoculation of day-old poults with the cecal contents of a campylobacter-free adult turkey, followed by treatment with one antimicrobial, either virginiamycin, enrofloxacin, neomycin, or vancomycin. the c. jejuni loads of the enrofloxacin-, neomycin-, and vancomycin-derived communities were decreased by 1 log, 2 ... | 2010 | 20952640 |
| multiplexed magnetic microsphere immunoassays for detection of pathogens in foods. | foodstuffs have traditionally been challenging matrices for conducting immunoassays. proteins, carbohydrates, and other macromolecules present in food matrices may interfere with both immunoassays and pcr-based tests, and removal of particulate matter may also prove challenging prior to analyses. this has been found true when testing for bacterial contamination of foods using the standard polystyrene microspheres utilized with luminex flow cytometers. luminex magplex microspheres are encoded wit ... | 2010 | 20953301 |
| molecular mechanisms modulating glutamate kinase activity. identification of the proline feedback inhibitor binding site. | proline, the feedback inhibitor of bacterial glutamate kinase (gk) and plant pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (p5cs) enzymes, is a key regulator of the osmotic and redox balance of cells. using kinetic assays, site-directed mutagenesis, structure-activity analyses, and docking calculations, we have identified the binding site of this metabolite in three-dimensional structures of escherichia coli and campylobacter jejuni gks. the proline-binding cavity partially overlaps with the glutamate substr ... | 2010 | 20970428 |
| growth and virulence properties of biofilm-forming salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium under different acidic conditions. | this study was designed to characterize the viability and potential virulence of bofilm-forming salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium under different ph levels, ranging from 5 to 7. the plate count method and real-time reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) were used to evaluate the survival of s. typhimurium grown in trypticase soy broth (tsb) adjusted to ph 5, 6, and 7 (tsb-5, tsb-6, and tsb-7, respectively) at 37°c for 10 days. in tsb-5 and tsb-6, the numbers of viable cells estimated by using ... | 2010 | 20971873 |
| antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter isolates from retail meat in the united states between 2002 and 2007. | the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in campylobacter spp. has been a growing public health concern globally. the objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and genetic relatedness of campylobacter spp. recovered by the national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system (narms) retail meat program. retail meat samples (n = 24,566) from 10 u.s. states collected between 2002 and 2007, consisting of 6,138 chicken breast, 6,109 ground turkey, 6,171 ... | 2010 | 20971875 |
| the rcs signal transduction pathway is triggered by enterobacterial common antigen structure alterations in serratia marcescens. | the enterobacterial common antigen (eca) is a highly conserved exopolysaccharide in gram-negative bacteria whose role remains largely uncharacterized. in a previous work, we have demonstrated that disrupting the integrity of the eca biosynthetic pathway imposed severe deficiencies to the serratia marcescens motile (swimming and swarming) capacity. in this work, we show that alterations in the eca structure activate the rcs phosphorelay, which results in the repression of the flagellar biogenesis ... | 2010 | 20971912 |
| the rcs signal transduction pathway is triggered by enterobacterial common antigen structure alterations in serratia marcescens. | the enterobacterial common antigen (eca) is a highly conserved exopolysaccharide in gram-negative bacteria whose role remains largely uncharacterized. in a previous work, we have demonstrated that disrupting the integrity of the eca biosynthetic pathway imposed severe deficiencies to the serratia marcescens motile (swimming and swarming) capacity. in this work, we show that alterations in the eca structure activate the rcs phosphorelay, which results in the repression of the flagellar biogenesis ... | 2010 | 20971912 |
| role of the hefc efflux pump in helicobacter pylori cholesterol-dependent resistance to ceragenins and bile salts. | the human gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori modifies host cholesterol via glycosylation and incorporates the glycosylated cholesterol into its membrane; however, the benefits of cholesterol to h. pylori are largely unknown. we speculated that cholesterol in the h. pylori membrane might alter the susceptibility of these organisms to membrane-disrupting antibacterial compounds. to test this hypothesis, h. pylori strains were cultured in ham's f-12 chemically defined medium in the presence or ab ... | 2010 | 20974830 |
| role of the hefc efflux pump in helicobacter pylori cholesterol-dependent resistance to ceragenins and bile salts. | the human gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori modifies host cholesterol via glycosylation and incorporates the glycosylated cholesterol into its membrane; however, the benefits of cholesterol to h. pylori are largely unknown. we speculated that cholesterol in the h. pylori membrane might alter the susceptibility of these organisms to membrane-disrupting antibacterial compounds. to test this hypothesis, h. pylori strains were cultured in ham's f-12 chemically defined medium in the presence or ab ... | 2010 | 20974830 |
| acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and a unilateral babinski/plantar reflex. | acquired acute demyelinating peripheral polyneuropathy (aadp) is a general classification of pathologies that could affect secondary the peripheral nervous system. they are characterized by an autoimmune process directed towards myelin. clinically they are characterized by progressive weakness and mild sensory changes. acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy often is referred to as guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). gbs is the major cause of acute nontraumatic paralysis in healthy people and ... | 2008 | 20975794 |
| biosynthesis and role of n-linked glycosylation in cell surface structures of archaea with a focus on flagella and s layers. | the genetics and biochemistry of the n-linked glycosylation system of archaea have been investigated over the past 5 years using flagellins and s layers as reporter proteins in the model organisms, methanococcus voltae, methanococcus maripaludis, and haloferax volcanii. structures of archaeal n-linked glycans have indicated a variety of linking sugars as well as unique sugar components. in m. voltae, m. maripaludis, and h. volcanii, a number of archaeal glycosylation genes (agl) have been identi ... | 2010 | 20976295 |
| peroxide stress elicits adaptive changes in bacterial metal ion homeostasis. | exposure to hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) and other reactive oxygen species is a universal feature of life in an aerobic environment. bacteria express enzymes to detoxify h(2)o(2) and to repair the resulting damage, and their synthesis is typically regulated by redox-sensing transcription factors. the best characterized bacterial peroxide-sensors are escherichia coli oxyr and bacillus subtilis perr. analysis of their regulons has revealed that, in addition to inducible detoxification enzymes, ada ... | 2011 | 20977351 |
| enzymatic synthesis and properties of glycoconjugates with legionaminic acid as a replacement for neuraminic acid. | in addition to sialic acid, bacteria produce several other nonulosonic acids, including legionaminic acid (leg). this has exactly the same stereochemistry as sialic acid, with the added features of 9-deoxy and 7-amino groups. in order to explore the biological effects of replacing sialic acid residues (neu5ac) in glycoconjugates with leg in its diacetylated form, diacetyllegionaminic acid (leg5ac7ac), we tested cmp-leg5ac7ac as a donor substrate with a selection of bacterial and mammalian sialyl ... | 2010 | 20978010 |
| genotyping of enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium isolates by use of a set of eight single nucleotide polymorphisms. | a single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) genotyping method for enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium was developed using the "minimum snps" program. snp sets were interrogated using allele-specific real-time pcr. snp typing subdivided clonal complexes 2 and 9 of e. faecalis and 17 of e. faecium, members of which cause the majority of nosocomial infections globally. | 2010 | 20980566 |
| genotyping of enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium isolates by use of a set of eight single nucleotide polymorphisms. | a single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) genotyping method for enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium was developed using the "minimum snps" program. snp sets were interrogated using allele-specific real-time pcr. snp typing subdivided clonal complexes 2 and 9 of e. faecalis and 17 of e. faecium, members of which cause the majority of nosocomial infections globally. | 2010 | 20980566 |
| the role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. | crohn's disease (cd) and ulcerative colitis (uc) have features that suggest bacterial involvement, and all genetic models of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) require the presence of commensal bacteria. cd is associated with innate immune response genes such as nod2/card15 and the autophagy genes atg16l1 and irgm. however, ibd responds to immunosuppression, suggesting that any bacteria involved are not acting as conventional pathogens. molecular techniques are rapidly advancing our knowledge of t ... | 2010 | 20981205 |
| cd and mcd spectroscopic studies of the two dps miniferritin proteins from bacillus anthracis: role of o2 and h2o2 substrates in reactivity of the diiron catalytic centers. | dna protection during starvation (dps) proteins are miniferritins found in bacteria and archaea that provide protection from uncontrolled fe(ii)/o radical chemistry; thus the catalytic sites are targets for antibiotics against pathogens, such as anthrax. ferritin protein cages synthesize ferric oxymineral from fe(ii) and o(2)/h(2)o(2), which accumulates in the large central cavity; for dps, h(2)o(2) is the more common fe(ii) oxidant contrasting with eukaryotic maxiferritins that often prefer dio ... | 2010 | 21028901 |
| a bacteria-specific 2[4fe-4s] ferredoxin is essential in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | ferredoxins are small iron-sulfur proteins belonging to all domains of life. a sub-group binds two [4fe-4s] clusters with unequal and extremely low values of the reduction potentials. these unusual properties are associated with two specific fragments of sequence. the functional importance of the very low potential ferredoxins is unknown. | 2010 | 21029451 |
| crystal structure of hugz, a novel heme oxygenase from helicobacter pylori. | the crystal structure of a heme oxygenase (ho) hugz from helicobacter pylori complexed with heme has been solved and refined at 1.8 å resolution. hugz is part of the iron acquisition mechanism of h. pylori, a major pathogen of human gastroenteric diseases. it is required for the adaptive colonization of h. pylori in hosts. here, we report that hugz is distinct from all other characterized hos. it exists as a dimer in solution and in crystals, and the dimer adopts a split-barrel fold that is ofte ... | 2010 | 21030596 |
| crystal structure of hugz, a novel heme oxygenase from helicobacter pylori. | the crystal structure of a heme oxygenase (ho) hugz from helicobacter pylori complexed with heme has been solved and refined at 1.8 å resolution. hugz is part of the iron acquisition mechanism of h. pylori, a major pathogen of human gastroenteric diseases. it is required for the adaptive colonization of h. pylori in hosts. here, we report that hugz is distinct from all other characterized hos. it exists as a dimer in solution and in crystals, and the dimer adopts a split-barrel fold that is ofte ... | 2010 | 21030596 |
| [application of risk assessment in process of standards establishment about campylobacter jejuni in chicken]. | according to risk assessment results of the campylobacter jejuni in chicken of chinese residents' dietary, from the point of the standard management, establish the feasible measures to reduce the risk. | 2010 | 21033430 |
| intracellular ph in campylobacter jejuni when treated with aqueous chlorine dioxide. | the aim of this study was to investigate the response of campylobacter jejuni at single-cell level when exposed to different concentrations of chlorine dioxide (clo(2)). the parameter of choice, intracellular ph (ph(i)), was determined by using fluorescence ratio imaging microscopy with a ph-sensitive, ratiometric 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester probe. in addition, the culturability expressed in colony counts was determined. our results revealed that several subpopulations w ... | 2010 | 21034266 |
| structural determinants of inhibitor selectivity in prokaryotic imp dehydrogenases. | the protozoan parasite cryptosporidium parvum is a major cause of gastrointestinal disease; no effective drug therapy exists to treat this infection. curiously, c. parvum impdh (cpimpdh) is most closely related to prokaryotic impdhs, suggesting that the parasite obtained its impdh gene via horizontal transfer. we previously identified inhibitors of cpimpdh that do not inhibit human impdhs. here, we show that these compounds also inhibit impdhs from helicobacter pylori, borrelia burgdorferi, and ... | 2010 | 21035731 |
| staphylococcus aureus and bacillus subtilis w23 make polyribitol wall teichoic acids using different enzymatic pathways. | wall teichoic acids (wtas) are anionic polymers that play key roles in bacterial cell shape, cell division, envelope integrity, biofilm formation, and pathogenesis. b. subtilis w23 and s. aureus both make polyribitol-phosphate (rbop) wtas and contain similar sets of biosynthetic genes. we use in vitro reconstitution combined with genetics to show that the pathways for wta biosynthesis in b. subtilis w23 and s. aureus are different. s. aureus requires a glycerol-phosphate primase called tarf in o ... | 2010 | 21035733 |
| development of a multicomponent kinetic assay of the early enzymes in the campylobacter jejuni n-linked glycosylation pathway. | the human pathogen campylobacter jejuni possesses a general n-linked glycosylation system that is known to play a role in pathogenicity; however, a detailed understanding of this role remains elusive. a considerable hindrance to studying bacterial n-glycosylation in vivo is the absence of small molecule inhibitors to reversibly control the process. this report describes a pathway-screening assay that targets the early enzymes of c. jejuni n-glycan biosynthesis that would enable identification of ... | 2010 | 21036619 |
| [viable non-culturable bacteria]. | viable but non-culturable cells (vbnc) are defined as live bacteria, but which do not either grow or divide. such bacteria cannot be cultivated on conventional media (they do not form colonies on solid media, they do not change broth appearance), but their existence can be proved using other methods. the switch to the vbnc stage has been described and documented for several bacterial species: vibrio spp. (cholerae, vulnificus and other species), escherichia coli (including ehec), campylobacter j ... | 2010 | 21038700 |
| antimicrobial resistance of major foodborne pathogens from major meat products. | the bacterial contamination of raw and processed meat products with resistant pathogens was studied. the raw samples included sheep (40), goat (40), pork (120), beef (80), and chicken (19) meat, and the processed samples included turkey filets (33), salami (8), readymade mincemeat (16), stuffing (22), and roast-beef (50). the samples were collected from retail shops in northwestern greece over a period of 3 years. the isolated pathogens were evaluated for susceptibilities to 19 antimicrobial age ... | 2010 | 21039131 |
| molecular characterization and environmental mapping of campylobacter isolates in a subset of intensive poultry flocks in ireland. | irish breeder and intensive broiler flocks together with the corresponding poultry farm environment were sampled for the presence of campylobacter with the aim of identifying potential sources and transmission routes of poultry flock contamination. the genetic diversity of a subset of campylobacter isolates was examined by analysis of the flaa-short variable region (svr). additional discrimination for a further subset of these isolates was achieved using multilocus sequence typing (mlst) analysi ... | 2010 | 21039133 |
| characterizing the effects of inorganic acid and alkaline shock on the staphylococcus aureus transcriptome and messenger rna turnover. | staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis can be attributed partially to its ability to adapt to otherwise deleterious host-associated stresses. here, affymetrix genechips® were used to examine the s. aureus responses to inorganic acid and alkaline shock and to assess whether stress-dependent changes in mrna turnover are likely to facilitate the organism's ability to tolerate a ph challenge. the results indicate that s. aureus adapts to ph shock by eliciting responses expected of cells coping with ph a ... | 2010 | 21039920 |
| reported waterborne outbreaks of gastrointestinal disease in australia are predominantly associated with recreational exposure. | to examine the frequency and circumstances of reported waterborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis in australia. | 2010 | 21040184 |
| genetic diversity among campylobacter jejuni isolates from healthy livestock and their links to human isolates in spain. | this study was aimed at determining the genetic diversity of campylobacter jejuni from healthy ruminants and poultry, and study by multilocus sequence typing (mlst) their links to human isolates in spain. mlst analysis of 160 animal isolates generated 45 sequence types (sts, nine of them new to this study), that clustered into 18 clonal complexes (cc) and nine singletons. the 71 isolates from humans generated 28 sts (13 cc plus four singletons). only 11 sts and nine ccs were shared by humans and ... | 2010 | 21040505 |
| campylobacter jejuni induces transcytosis of commensal bacteria across the intestinal epithelium through m-like cells. | abstract: | 2010 | 21040540 |
| false positive responses of campylobacter jejuni when using the chemical-in-plug chemotaxis assay. | campylobacter jejuni reportedly exhibits chemotactic behavior towards fucose, several amino acids and organic acids, mucin and bile. the chemotaxis of c. jejuni has mainly been studied using the chemical-in-plug chemotaxis assay. in this study, a nonchemotactic mutant (chey mutant) and nonmotile mutant (flha mutant) were constructed and used as negative controls in an assay. apparent zones of accumulation around test plugs containing several amino acids and organic acids were observed with both ... | 2010 | 21041987 |
| detection of gyra mutation among clinical isolates of campylobacter jejuni isolated in egypt by mama-pcr. | campylobacter spp are the major cause of enteritis in humans and more than 90% of reported infections are caused by campylobacter jejuni. fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin are the antibiotics of choice for treatment. an increase in the frequency of ciprofloxacin-resistant campylobacter has been reported globally due to a single base mutation (c-257 to t) in codon 86 of the quinolone resistance determining region (qrdr) of the gyra gene altering the amino acid sequence from threonine at posi ... | 2010 | 21045366 |
| incidence of typhoid bacteremia in infants and young children in southern coastal pakistan. | the burden of typhoid fever in preschool children is not well recognized. the purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence of typhoid bacteremia in pakistani children <5 years of age, with a focus on children younger than 2 years of age. this will help to inform prevention policies in highly endemic countries. | 2010 | 21046701 |
| uveal effusion associated with campylobacter jejuni infection presenting as bilateral angle closure glaucoma. | introduction: we present a case in which a gastrointestinal infection with campylobacter jejuni presented as acute angle closure glaucoma secondary to the uveal effusion syndrome. method: a 58-year-old white man presented with acute angle closure and raised pressure in both the eyes along with diarrhea. ultrasound b-scans showed choroidal effusion. stool culture grew c. jejuni. results: a 3-week treatment with topical steroids and antiglaucoma medication resolved the condition. he was also treat ... | 2010 | 21048507 |
| host attachment, invasion, and stimulation of proinflammatory cytokines by campylobacter concisus and other non-campylobacter jejuni campylobacter species. | campylobacter concisus and other non-campylobacter jejuni campylobacter species have been implicated in the initiation of gastrointestinal diseases. in the present study, we investigated the interaction between these bacteria and the human intestinal epithelium and immune cells. | 2010 | 21050118 |
| controlled study on enteropathogens in travellers returning from the tropics with and without diarrhoea. | clin microbiol infect abstract: diarrhoea is the most frequent health problem among travellers in the tropics. however, data on the spectrum and relevance of enteropathogens in international travellers with and without diarrhoea are limited. stool samples from 114 cases of diarrhoea in travellers returning from the tropics were collected for microbiological examination and pcr for norovirus genogroups i and ii, enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaec), and enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec) produci ... | 2010 | 21054662 |
| selective sorting of cargo proteins into bacterial membrane vesicles. | in contrast to the well established multiple cellular roles of membrane vesicles in eukaryotic cell biology, outer membrane vesicles (omv) produced via blebbing of prokaryotic membranes have frequently been regarded as cell debris or microscopy artifacts. increasingly, however, bacterial membrane vesicles are thought to play a role in microbial virulence, although it remains to be determined whether omv result from a directed process or from passive disintegration of the outer membrane. here we ... | 2010 | 21056982 |
| selective sorting of cargo proteins into bacterial membrane vesicles. | in contrast to the well established multiple cellular roles of membrane vesicles in eukaryotic cell biology, outer membrane vesicles (omv) produced via blebbing of prokaryotic membranes have frequently been regarded as cell debris or microscopy artifacts. increasingly, however, bacterial membrane vesicles are thought to play a role in microbial virulence, although it remains to be determined whether omv result from a directed process or from passive disintegration of the outer membrane. here we ... | 2010 | 21056982 |
| development of real-time pcr assays for detection and quantification of bacillus cereus group species: differentiation of b. weihenstephanensis and rhizoid b. pseudomycoides isolates from milk. | quantitative real-time pcr (qrt-pcr) offers an alternative method for the detection of bacterial contamination in food. this method provides the quantitation and determination of the number of gene copies. in our study, we established an rt-pcr assay using the lightcycler system to detect and quantify the bacillus cereus group species, which includes b. cereus, b. anthracis, b. thuringiensis, b. weihenstephanensis, b. mycoides, and b. pseudomycoides. a taqman assay was designed to detect a 285-b ... | 2010 | 21057027 |
| development of real-time pcr assays for detection and quantification of bacillus cereus group species: differentiation of b. weihenstephanensis and rhizoid b. pseudomycoides isolates from milk. | quantitative real-time pcr (qrt-pcr) offers an alternative method for the detection of bacterial contamination in food. this method provides the quantitation and determination of the number of gene copies. in our study, we established an rt-pcr assay using the lightcycler system to detect and quantify the bacillus cereus group species, which includes b. cereus, b. anthracis, b. thuringiensis, b. weihenstephanensis, b. mycoides, and b. pseudomycoides. a taqman assay was designed to detect a 285-b ... | 2010 | 21057027 |
| aim2 deficiency stimulates the expression of ifn-inducible ifi202, a lupus susceptibility murine gene within the nba2 autoimmune susceptibility locus. | murine aim2 and p202 proteins (encoded by the aim2 and ifi202 genes) are members of the ifn-inducible p200 protein family. both proteins can sense dsdna in the cytoplasm. however, upon sensing dsdna, only the aim2 protein through its pyrin domain can form an inflammasome to activate caspase-1 and induce cell death. given that the p202 protein has been predicted to inhibit the activation of caspase-1 by the aim2 protein and that increased levels of the p202 protein in female mice of certain strai ... | 2010 | 21057088 |
| campylobacter genotypes from poultry transportation crates indicate a source of contamination and transmission. | crates used to transport live poultry can be contaminated with campylobacter, despite periodic sanitization, and are potential vectors for transmission between flocks. we investigated the microbial contamination of standard and silver ion containing crates in normal use and the genetic structure of associated campylobacter populations. | 2010 | 21059158 |
| prevalence, numbers and antimicrobial susceptibilities of salmonella serovars and campylobacter spp. in retail poultry in phnom penh, cambodia. | salmonella and campylobacter are common bacterial pathogens associated with human gastro-enteritis; and raw poultry is considered to be an important source of these bacteria. to evaluate whether the salmonella serovars and campylobacter spp. bacteria could be monitored for the purpose of microbial presence, enumeration and antimicrobial resistance in raw poultry, 152 poultry carcasses were randomly selected from 10 markets in retail outlets of phnom penh during march 2006 to february 2007. the m ... | 2010 | 21060246 |
| epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni outbreak in a middle school in incheon, korea. | on july 6, 2009, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred among middle school students in incheon. an investigation to identify the source and describe the extent of the outbreak was conducted. a retrospective cohort study among students, teachers, and food handlers exposed to canteen food in the middle school was performed. using self-administered questionnaires, information was collected concerning on symptoms, days that canteen food was consumed, and food items consumed. stool samples were col ... | 2010 | 21060748 |
| pfge, lior serotype, and antimicrobial resistance patterns among campylobacter jejuni isolated from travelers and us military personnel with acute diarrhea in thailand, 1998-2003. | abstract: | 2010 | 21062505 |
| concept and application of a computational vaccinology workflow. | abstract : background : the last years have seen a renaissance of the vaccine area, driven by clinical needs in infectious diseases but also chronic diseases such as cancer and autoimmune disorders. equally important are technological improvements involving nano-scale delivery platforms as well as third generation adjuvants. in parallel immunoinformatics routines have reached essential maturity for supporting central aspects in vaccinology going beyond prediction of antigenic determinants. on th ... | 2010 | 21067549 |
| induction of cytokine formation by human intestinal bacteria in gut epithelial cell lines. | to investigate the effects of human gut micro-organisms on cytokine production by human intestinal cell lines. | 2010 | 21070518 |
| ascending caudal medullary catecholamine pathways drive sickness-induced deficits in exploratory behavior: brain substrates for fatigue? | immune challenges can lead to marked behavioral changes, including fatigue, reduced social interest, anorexia, and somnolence, but the precise neuronal mechanisms that underlie sickness behavior remain elusive. part of the neurocircuitry influencing behavior associated with illness likely includes viscerosensory nuclei located in the caudal brainstem, based on findings that inactivation of the dorsal vagal complex (dvc) can prevent social withdrawal. these brainstem nuclei contribute multiple ne ... | 2010 | 21075199 |
| ascending caudal medullary catecholamine pathways drive sickness-induced deficits in exploratory behavior: brain substrates for fatigue? | immune challenges can lead to marked behavioral changes, including fatigue, reduced social interest, anorexia, and somnolence, but the precise neuronal mechanisms that underlie sickness behavior remain elusive. part of the neurocircuitry influencing behavior associated with illness likely includes viscerosensory nuclei located in the caudal brainstem, based on findings that inactivation of the dorsal vagal complex (dvc) can prevent social withdrawal. these brainstem nuclei contribute multiple ne ... | 2010 | 21075199 |
| transformation of, and heterologous protein expression in, lactobacillus agilis and lactobacillus vaginalis isolates from the chicken gastrointestinal tract. | lactobacilli are naturally found in the gastrointestinal tract of chickens, and there is interest in utilizing autochthonous strains for the delivery of therapeutic proteins. previously we identified three chicken-derived lactobacillus strains, lactobacillus agilis la3, lactobacillus vaginalis lv5, and lactobacillus crispatus lc9, which persist in the gastrointestinal tract of chickens fed either a commercial or high-protein diet. in the current study, we investigated the ability to electrotrans ... | 2010 | 21075881 |
| transformation of, and heterologous protein expression in, lactobacillus agilis and lactobacillus vaginalis isolates from the chicken gastrointestinal tract. | lactobacilli are naturally found in the gastrointestinal tract of chickens, and there is interest in utilizing autochthonous strains for the delivery of therapeutic proteins. previously we identified three chicken-derived lactobacillus strains, lactobacillus agilis la3, lactobacillus vaginalis lv5, and lactobacillus crispatus lc9, which persist in the gastrointestinal tract of chickens fed either a commercial or high-protein diet. in the current study, we investigated the ability to electrotrans ... | 2010 | 21075881 |
| different contributions of htra protease and chaperone activities to campylobacter jejuni stress tolerance and physiology. | the microaerophilic bacterium campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of bacterial food-borne infections in the developed world. tolerance to environmental stress relies on proteases and chaperones in the cell envelope, such as htra and sura. htra displays both chaperone and protease activities, but little is known about how each of these activities contributes to stress tolerance in bacteria. in vitro experiments showed temperature-dependent protease and chaperone activities of c. jejuni ... | 2010 | 21075890 |
| companion animals symposium: microbes and gastrointestinal health of dogs and cats. | recent molecular studies have revealed complex bacterial, fungal, archaeal, and viral communities in the gastrointestinal tract of dogs and cats. more than 10 bacterial phyla have been identified, with firmicutes, bacteroidetes, proteobacteria, fusobacteria, and actinobacteria constituting more than 99% of all gut microbiota. microbes act as a defending barrier against invading pathogens, aid in digestion, provide nutritional support for enterocytes, and play a crucial role in the development of ... | 2010 | 21075970 |
| microbiological quality of blue mussels (mytilus edulis) in nunavik, quebec: a pilot study. | this pilot study was aimed at documenting the presence of fecal indicators and enteric pathogens in blue mussels (mytilus edulis) from 6 communities in nunavik, quebec. one to four 2 kg samples of mussels were collected at low tide in each community. samples were investigated by enumeration methods for the fecal indicators enterococci, escherichia coli, f-specific coliphages, clostridium perfringens, and by molecular identification for the pathogens norovirus, salmonella spp., campylobacter jeju ... | 2010 | 21076488 |
| distribution analysis of hydrogenases in surface waters of marine and freshwater environments. | surface waters of aquatic environments have been shown to both evolve and consume hydrogen and the ocean is estimated to be the principal natural source. in some marine habitats, h(2) evolution and uptake are clearly due to biological activity, while contributions of abiotic sources must be considered in others. until now the only known biological process involved in h(2) metabolism in marine environments is nitrogen fixation. | 2010 | 21079771 |
| contribution of cmeg to antibiotic and oxidative stress resistance in campylobacter jejuni. | campylobacter jejuni is a leading foodborne pathogen worldwide and its resistance to antimicrobials is a major concern for public health. the cmeg (cj1375) gene in c. jejuni encodes a putative efflux transporter of the major facilitator family, but its function in antimicrobial resistance has not been determined. this study aimed to characterize the function of cmeg in conferring resistance to antibiotics and oxidative stress. | 2010 | 21081547 |
| morphologic, genetic, and biochemical characterization of helicobacter magdeburgensis, a novel species isolated from the intestine of laboratory mice. | the presence of enterohepatic helicobacter species (ehs) is commonly noted in mouse colonies. these infections often remain unrecognized but can cause severe health complications or more subtle host immune perturbations and therefore can confound the results of animal experiments. the aim of this study was to isolate and characterize a putative novel ehs that has previously been detected by pcr screening of specific-pathogen-free mice. | 2010 | 21083746 |
| acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis associated with campylobacter jejuni enteritis - a case report and review of the literature on c. jejuni's potential to trigger immunologically mediated renal disease. | kidney disease is a rare complication of campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) enteritis. we here present the case of an 18-year-old male patient with crampy abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. three weeks later urinalysis revealed mild proteinuria and hematuria and a marked raise in serum creatinine was observed. renal biopsy demonstrated acute endocapillary glomerulonephritis with mesangial igm (immunoglobuline m) deposits. extensive workup revealed no signs of skin or joint disease, thu ... | 2010 | 21084052 |
| enhancing oral vaccine potency by targeting intestinal m cells. | the immune system in the gastrointestinal tract plays a crucial role in the control of infection, as it constitutes the first line of defense against mucosal pathogens. the attractive features of oral immunization have led to the exploration of a variety of oral delivery systems. however, none of these oral delivery systems have been applied to existing commercial vaccines. to overcome this, a new generation of oral vaccine delivery systems that target antigens to gut-associated lymphoid tissue ... | 2010 | 21085599 |
| delineation of the innate and adaptive t-cell immune outcome in the human host in response to campylobacter jejuni infection. | campylobacter jejuni is the most prevalent cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. despite the significant health burden this infection presents, molecular understanding of c. jejuni-mediated disease pathogenesis remains poorly defined. here, we report the characterisation of the early, innate immune response to c. jejuni using an ex-vivo human gut model of infection. secondly, impact of bacterial-driven dendritic cell activation on t-cell mediated immunity was also sought. | 2010 | 21085698 |
| role of bacteria in carcinogenesis, with special reference to carcinoma of the gallbladder. | carcinoma of the gallbladder (cagb) is the fifth commonest gastrointestinal tract cancer and is endemic in several countries. the interplay of genetic susceptibility, infections, and life style factors has been proposed to be responsible for carcinogenesis of gallbladder. persistence of infection leading to chronic inflammation, and production of certain toxins and metabolites with carcinogenic potentials, by certain bacteria has been speculated to be involved in the transformation of the gallbl ... | 2010 | 21086555 |
| pleuritis caused by campylobacter jejuni subspecies jejuni in a patient undergoing long-term hemodialysis. | a 73-year-old female hemodialysis patient experienced fever, shortness of breath on effort, and chest discomfort. a decrease in breath sounds in the right lung field, leukocytosis, elevated crp level, and a right massive pleural effusion were observed. the patient was diagnosed with bacterial pleuritis based on leukocyte-predominant exudative pleural effusion, and treated with ceftriaxone. her symptoms, however, were not improved, so thoracic drainage was attempted. campylobacter species were is ... | 2010 | 21088354 |
| independent evolution of the core and accessory gene sets in the genus neisseria: insights gained from the genome of neisseria lactamica isolate 020-06. | the genus neisseria contains two important yet very different pathogens, n. meningitidis and n. gonorrhoeae, in addition to non-pathogenic species, of which n. lactamica is the best characterized. genomic comparisons of these three bacteria will provide insights into the mechanisms and evolution of pathogenesis in this group of organisms, which are applicable to understanding these processes more generally. | 2010 | 21092259 |
| diversity of the early step of the futalosine pathway. | we recently demonstrated that the futalosine pathway was operating in some bacteria for the biosynthesis of menaquinone and that futalosine was converted into dehypoxanthinyl futalosine (dhfl) by an mqnb of thermus thermophilus. in this study, we found that aminodeoxyfutalosine, which has adenine instead of hypoxanthine in futalosine, was directly converted into dhfl by an mqnb of helicobacter pylori. therefore, this step is potentially an attractive target for the development of specific anti-h ... | 2010 | 21098241 |
| diversity of the early step of the futalosine pathway. | we recently demonstrated that the futalosine pathway was operating in some bacteria for the biosynthesis of menaquinone and that futalosine was converted into dehypoxanthinyl futalosine (dhfl) by an mqnb of thermus thermophilus. in this study, we found that aminodeoxyfutalosine, which has adenine instead of hypoxanthine in futalosine, was directly converted into dhfl by an mqnb of helicobacter pylori. therefore, this step is potentially an attractive target for the development of specific anti-h ... | 2010 | 21098241 |
| desulfovibrio desulfuricans pglb homolog possesses oligosaccharyltransferase activity with relaxed glycan specificity and distinct protein acceptor sequence requirements. | oligosaccharyltransferases (otases) are responsible for the transfer of carbohydrates from lipid carriers to acceptor proteins and are present in all domains of life. in bacteria, the most studied member of this family is pglb from campylobacter jejuni (pglb(cj)). this enzyme is functional in escherichia coli and, contrary to its eukaryotic counterparts, has the ability to transfer a variety of oligo- and polysaccharides to protein carriers in vivo. phylogenetic analysis revealed that in the del ... | 2010 | 21098514 |
| molecular typing and cdt genes prevalence of campylobacter jejuni isolates from various sources. | the genetic diversity of 168 campylobacter jejuni isolates originating from human (n=30), cattle (n=36), sheep (n=44), dog (n=35), and poultry (n=21) and cdt genes prevalence of the isolates were investigated. to determine the genetic diversity of these strains, random amplified polymorphic dna-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using a random primer (m13) was performed. the numbers of genotypes determined in human, cattle, sheep, dog, and poultry isolates were 19, 18, 17, 18, and 6, respectively. ... | 2010 | 21104314 |
| acute parvovirus b19 infection causes nonspecificity frequently in borrelia and less often in salmonella and campylobacter serology, posing a problem in diagnosis of infectious arthropathy. | several infectious agents may cause arthritis or arthropathy. for example, infection with borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, may in the late phase manifest as arthropathy. infections with campylobacter, salmonella, or yersinia may result in a postinfectious reactive arthritis. acute infection with parvovirus b19 (b19v) may likewise initiate transient or chronic arthropathy. all these conditions may be clinically indistinguishable from rheumatoid arthritis. here, we presen ... | 2010 | 21106777 |
| acute parvovirus b19 infection causes nonspecificity frequently in borrelia and less often in salmonella and campylobacter serology, posing a problem in diagnosis of infectious arthropathy. | several infectious agents may cause arthritis or arthropathy. for example, infection with borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, may in the late phase manifest as arthropathy. infections with campylobacter, salmonella, or yersinia may result in a postinfectious reactive arthritis. acute infection with parvovirus b19 (b19v) may likewise initiate transient or chronic arthropathy. all these conditions may be clinically indistinguishable from rheumatoid arthritis. here, we presen ... | 2010 | 21106777 |
| enteric campylobacteria and rna viruses associated with healthy and diarrheic humans in the chinook health region of southwestern alberta, canada. | the presence of campylobacter species and enteric rna viruses in stools from diarrheic (n = 442) and healthy (n = 58) humans living in southwestern alberta was examined (may to october 2005). a large number of diarrheic individuals who were culture negative for c. jejuni (n = 54) or c. coli (n = 19) were pcr positive for these taxa. overall detection rates for c. jejuni and c. coli in diarrheic stools were 29% and 5%, respectively. in contrast, 3% and 0% of stools from healthy humans were positi ... | 2010 | 21106791 |
| enteric campylobacteria and rna viruses associated with healthy and diarrheic humans in the chinook health region of southwestern alberta, canada. | the presence of campylobacter species and enteric rna viruses in stools from diarrheic (n = 442) and healthy (n = 58) humans living in southwestern alberta was examined (may to october 2005). a large number of diarrheic individuals who were culture negative for c. jejuni (n = 54) or c. coli (n = 19) were pcr positive for these taxa. overall detection rates for c. jejuni and c. coli in diarrheic stools were 29% and 5%, respectively. in contrast, 3% and 0% of stools from healthy humans were positi ... | 2010 | 21106791 |
| pseudomonas fluorescens alters epithelial permeability and translocates across caco-2/tc7 intestinal cells. | abstract: | 2010 | 21110894 |
| development of biosensor-based assays to identify anti-infective oligosaccharides. | it is now well accepted that milk oligosaccharides can have a direct inhibitory effect on pathogenic microorganisms by interfering with their adhesion to human cells. many free oligosaccharides from milk are considered to be soluble receptor analogs of epithelial cell surface carbohydrates and, thus, function as receptor decoys to which pathogens can bind instead of the host. in reality, there are few rapid methods to screen for such oligosaccharides, and much of the research in this area has ce ... | 2010 | 21111701 |
| campylobacter jejuni is associated with, but not sufficient to cause vibrionic hepatitis in chickens. | vibrionic hepatitis is a disease of poultry which is characterised by the presence of focal lesions in the liver, usually 1-2mm in size and greyish-white in colour. the cause of the disease remains unclear, as do the reasons for its recent re-emergence. we examined the livers of commercial broiler chickens taken during processing and found campylobacter spp. in both normal livers and those displaying signs indicative of focal hepatitis. livers with signs of hepatitis had significantly more campy ... | 2010 | 21112163 |