| nucleotide sequence of a triticum aestivum cdna clone which is homologous to the 26 kda chloroplast-localized heat shock protein gene of maize. | | 1991 | 1863777 |
| two-dimensional electrophoresis of 1d-encoded b and d glutenin subunits in common wheats with similar omega gliadins. | gli-d1-encoded omega gliadins of bread wheats show little variation; their electrophoretic patterns can be classified into two main groups which broadly resemble the patterns found in the cultivars chinese spring and in cheyenne. b and d subunits of low molecular weight glutenin encoded by the chromosome 1d loci glu-d3 and gli-d1, respectively, also showed little variation. d subunits were found only in bread wheats with "chinese spring-type" omega gliadins and they all exhibited the same electr ... | 1991 | 1747100 |
| chromosome pairing relationships among the a, b, and d genomes of bread wheat. | chromosome pairing and chiasma frequency were studied in bread wheat euhaploids (2n = 3x = 21; abd genomes) with and without the major pairing regulatorph1. this constitutes the first report of chromosome pairing relationships among the a, b, and d genomes of wheat without the influence of an alien genome. allph1 euhaploids had very little pairing, with 0.62-1.05 rod bivalents per cell; ring bivalents were virtually absent and mean arm-binding frequency (c) values ranged from 0.050 to 0.086. in ... | 1991 | 24213260 |
| normalization of the dna content of telophase cells from wheat calli by nutrient modifications. | cytophotometric analyses were conducted to determine whether the dna content of wheat callus varied by tissue culture medium or age of callus. wheat,triticum aestivum l. line pcyt-20, was cultured on three variations of the murashige and skoog (1962) growth medium. at the end of 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks, samples were collected and prepared for feulgen cytophotometry. standards for the dna measurements were readings from 100 telophase nuclei in wheat meristematic root tips. amounts of dna per nucleus ... | 1991 | 24213255 |
| chromosomal control of wheat gliadin protein epitopes: analysis with specific monoclonal antibodies. | the genetic relationships between small clusters of monomeric alcohol-soluble wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain storage proteins (gliadins) were studied using a panel of monoclonal antibodies and immunoblotting, elisa, and ria methods. use of chinese spring nullisomic-tetrasomic lines showed that several narrow-specificity antibodies bound specifically to gliadins encoded by genes located on a single chromosome. in at least one case, antibodies bound to genetic "blocks" of gliadins, indicating ... | 1991 | 24212859 |
| sucrose synthase expression during cold acclimation in wheat. | when wheat (triticum aestivum) seedlings are exposed to a cold temperature (2-4 degrees c) above 0 degrees c, sucrose accumulates and sucrose synthase activity increases. the effect of a cold period on the level of sucrose synthase (ss) was investigated. using antibodies against wheat germ ss, western blots studies showed that the amount of the ss peptide increased during 14 days in the cold, when plants were moved from 23 degrees c to 4 degrees c. the level of ss diminished when plants were mov ... | 1991 | 16668270 |
| wheat inhibitors of heterologous alpha-amylases : characterization of major components from the monomeric class. | the four major components of the wheat monomeric alpha-amylase inhibitors (wmai) from wheat, triticum aestivum, endosperm have been isolated and characterized. two of them, wmai-1 and wmai-2, are highly active against the alpha-amylase from the insect tenebrio molitor and their n-terminal amino acid sequences indicate that they are closely related to each other (86% identical residues) and to the other members of the family (subunits of dimeric and tetrameric alpha-amylase inhibitors and trypsin ... | 1991 | 16668253 |
| a segment of rye chromosome 1 enhances growth and embryogenesis of calli derived from immature embryos of wheat. | the influence of the short arm of rye chromosome 1 (1rs) from secale cereale var. imperial on the growth and differentiation of callus cultures from wheat triticum aestivum var. chinese spring immature embryos was analysed. this chromosome arm was found to stimulate both embryogenesis and the rate of growth of calli. recombinant lines carrying segments of 1rs were used to delineate the regions of 1rs responsible for the tissue culture effects. the enhancement of embryogenesis and the stimulation ... | 1991 | 24221495 |
| production, morphology, and cytogenetics of triticum aestivum (l.) thell × elymus scabrus (r. br.) love intergeneric hybrids obtained by in ovulo embryo culture. | intergeneric hybrids were produced between common wheat, triticum aestivum (2n=6x=42, aabbdd), and an apomictic triticeae species, elymus scabrus (syn. agropyron scabrum) (2n=6x=42, hhssss), the first successful report of this cross. nine tiny, underdeveloped, and structureless embryos were obtained in vitro only by in ovulo embryo culture at 4 days after pollination, which gave rise to five mature hybrid plants. all the hybrid plants were vigorous and possessed a phenotype intermediate to the t ... | 1991 | 24221449 |
| effect of gabaculine on the synthesis of heme and cytochrome f in etiolated wheat seedlings. | the effect of gabaculine (3-amino 2,3-dihydrobenzoic acid), an inhibitor of tetrapyrrole synthesis, on the accumulation of heme and cytochrome f in etiolated wheat (triticum aestivum var mardler) seedlings has been examined. gabaculine treatment resulted in decreased amounts of heme and of holocytochrome f detected spectroscopically and by peroxidase activity after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the amount of the cytochrome f polypeptide detected immunochemically on w ... | 1991 | 16668225 |
| low growth temperature effects a differential inhibition of photosynthesis in spring and winter wheat. | in vivo room temperature chlorophyll a fluorescence coupled with co(2) and o(2) exchange was measured to determine photosynthetic limitation(s) for spring and winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown at cold-hardening temperatures (5 degrees c/5 degrees c, day/night). plants of comparable physiological stage, but grown at nonhardening temperatures (20 degrees c/16 degrees c, day/night) were used in comparison. winter wheat cultivars grown at 5 degrees c had light-saturated rates of co(2) exchan ... | 1991 | 16668213 |
| water-stress-induced ethylene production in wheat : a fact or artifact? | effects of water stress on ethylene evolution from excised leaf segments and intact plants of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv katepwa) were studied. excised leaf segments of 8 day or 6 week old plants were dried until they lost 8% of their fresh weight (water potential about -2.3 megapascals). these and nondried control leaf segments (water potential about -1.0 megapascal) were sealed in glass tubes, and their ethylene production rates were compared by head space analysis via gas-chromatography. ... | 1991 | 16668200 |
| nucleotide sequence of a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cdna clone encoding the waxy protein. | | 1991 | 1863765 |
| direct effect of colchicine on the microspore embryogenesis to produce dihaploid plants in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | in the present experiment, different chromosome reduplication techniques were applied to microspore-originated triticum aestivum l. (cv 'ciano') haploids. in addition to the conventional treatment (whole plant exposure to colchicine solution), spontaneously redoubled haploids were also examined. as an experimental treatment, different concentrations (0.01, 0.02, 0.04%) of colchicine were added directly to the induction media. colchicine did not affect the anther response or the plant regeneratio ... | 1991 | 24221385 |
| molecular characterization of a low-molecular-weight glutenin cdna clone from triticum durum. | a full-length, low-molecular-weight (lmw) glutenin cdna clone, ptducd1, has been isolated from a triticum durum cv 'mexicali' wheat cdna library. the complete sequence was determined and compared to the lmw glutenin genes that have been isolated from hexaploid wheat, triticum aestivum. this cdna codes for a protein of 295 amino acids (33,414 daltons) including a 20-amino acid signal peptide as deduced from the dna sequence. northern analysis showed that this cdna hybridizes to a family of relate ... | 1991 | 24221382 |
| identification of 'amigo' and 'kavkaz' translocations in ohio soft red winter wheats (triticum aestivum l.). | one cultivar ('gr876') and two advanced ohio soft red winter wheat lines ('oh413' and 'oh414'), with 'kavkaz' in their pedigrees, were examined for the presence of the 'kavkaz,' 1rs/1bl rye/wheat chromosome translocation. another advanced line ('oh416'), with 'amigo' in its pedigree, was examined for the presence of the 'amigo,' 1rs/1al translocation. only two satellited chromosomes were observed in most mitotic root-tip cells from 'gr876,' 'oh413,' and 'oh414,' compared to four in most cells fr ... | 1991 | 24221378 |
| seed set after pollination with in-vitro-matured, isolated pollen of triticum aestivum. | immature pollen of two varieties of triticum aestivum, at the stage right after the first pollen mitosis, was isolated from individual anthers and cultured in microcultures of microliter droplets. in a specifically designed medium, some of the pollen grains developed to maturity. these were applied to excised stigmas on agar, where they produced pollen tubes. application to flowers in vivo led to seed set. pollen was matured in vitro from a variety that produced a different protein banding patte ... | 1991 | 24221370 |
| cytological analysis on the distribution and origin of the alien chromosome pair conferring blue aleurone color in several european common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) strains. | meiotic chromosome pairing and giemsa c-banding analyses in crosses of several european blue-grained wheat strains with chinese spring double ditelosomic and other aneuploid lines showed that triticum aestivum blaukorn strains "berlin," "probstdorf," "tschermak," and "weihenstephan" are chromosome substitutions, in which the complete wheat chromosome 4a pair is replaced, whereas the strains "brünn" and "moskau" are 4b substitutions. the alien chromosome pair in all of these strains is an a genom ... | 1991 | 24221323 |
| recovery of normal photosynthesis and respiration in common wheat with agropyron cytoplasms by telocentric agropyron chromosomes. | alloplasmic common wheat (triticum aestivum l. cultivais 'penjamo 62' and 'siete cerros 66') with cytoplasms of wheatgrass (agropyron trichophorum and ag. glaucum) showed two aberrant phenotypes, i.e., gross reduction in plant vigor and male sterility. plant vigor and male fertility were restored by cytoplasm-specific telocentric chromosomes (telosomes). studies on carbon assimilation and consumption and on oxygen evolution and uptake showed that maximum rates of apparent photosynthesis were sig ... | 1991 | 24221317 |
| diurnal fluctuations in the content and functional properties of the light harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex in thylakoid membranes : correlation with the diurnal rhythm of the mrna level. | diurnal fluctuations were observed in the content and some structural and functional properties of the light-harvesting chlorophyll (chl) a/b pigment-protein complex of photosystem ii (lhcii) in young developing wheat (triticum aestivum) leaves grown under 16 hours light/8 hours dark illumination regime. the fluctuations could be correlated with the diurnal oscillation in the level of mrna for lhcii. the most pronounced changes occurred in the basal segments of the leaves. they were weaker or ha ... | 1991 | 16668134 |
| hybridization between triticum aestivum l. and agropyron michnoi roshev. : 1. production and cytogenetic study of f1 hybrids. | intergeneric hybrids between triticum aestivum cv 'chinese spring' (2n=6x=42, aabbdd) and agropyron michnoi roshev. (2n=4x=28, pppp) were obtained by embryo culture. their spike characteristics were similar to those of common wheat but, unlike their parents, they were long-awned. the average meiotic chromosome pairing at mi of f1 hybrids was: 6.39 i +3.75 rodii+8.64 ringii+0.81 iii+0.30 iv+0.04 v, the bivalent and multivalent formation of which was much higher than expected from the genomic form ... | 1991 | 24221258 |
| efficient production of wheat-barley hybrids and preferential elimination of barley chromosomes. | intergeneric hybridization between four common wheat cultivars, triticum aestivum l. cultivars chinese spring, norin 12, norin 61, and shinchunaga, and cultivated barley, hordeum vulgare l. cultivars betzes, nyugoruden, harunanijou, and kinai 5 were carried out in a greenhouse under 15 - 20 °c and long-day (15 h) photoperiod conditions. two days prior to pollination, a 100 mg/1 2,4-d solution was injected into wheat stems. among wheat cultivars, norin 12, norin 61, and shinchunaga showed higher ... | 1991 | 24221254 |
| plant regeneration from protoplasts isolated from long-term cell cultures of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | a friable and fast-growing type of callus was isolated from a long term shoot-competent cell culture of wheat. the suspension cultures established from this callus consisted of small, densely cytoplasmic cells which divided more rapidly but with a lower plant regeneration frequency than the original culture. a high yield of protoplasts was released from suspension cells (2 to 3×10(7) protoplasts per ml packed cell volume) when treated with enzyme mixtures. the isolated protoplasts divided at a r ... | 1991 | 24213660 |
| molecular cloning and expression of abscisic acid-responsive genes in embryos of dormant wheat seeds. | hydrated dormant cereal seeds do not germinate even when environmental conditions are favorable for germination. by using cdna cloning and differential screening, we have identified mrnas from five gene families that are abundant in the embryos of imbibed, but developmentally arrested wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seeds. gene transcript levels of these mrnas are maintained and even increase in embryos of imbibed dormant seeds for as long as the seeds remain dormant. in contrast, transcript levels ... | 1991 | 16668059 |
| [use of phytostimolin vaginal cream and lavage in cervical dystrophy after dtc of the cervix]. | the study evaluated the efficacy and tolerance of the active components of "phytostimolin" cream and vaginal lavage, triticum vulgare and ether glycoethylen-mono-phenolic, in 40 patients suffering from dystrophic cervico-vaginal pathologies (group 1), and in 20 patients following dtc of the portio due to ectropion (group 2). the study was double blind. an overall efficacy of 70% was observed in group 1 and 90% in group 2. the results obtained, the absence of side effects, and the good level of t ... | 1991 | 2057103 |
| the sequence of change within the photosynthetic apparatus of wheat following short-term exposure to ozone. | the basis of inhibition of photosynthesis by single acute o(3) exposures was investigated in vivo using analyses based on leaf gas exchange measurements. the fully expanded second leaves of wheat plants (triticum aestivum l. cv avalon) were fumigated with either 200 or 400 nanomoles per mole o(3) for between 4 and 16 hours. this reduced significantly the light-saturated rate of co(2) uptake and was accompanied by a parallel decrease in stomatal conductance. however, the stomatal limitation, esti ... | 1991 | 16668016 |
| characterization of a cdna clone encoding the triticum aestivum l. cm16 protein: homology with the triticum durum desf. sequence. | | 1991 | 1893108 |
| encoding genes for endosperm proteins in hordeum chilense. | the endosperm proteins encoded by the genome hch in hordeum chilense, tritordeum (amphiploid hordeum chilense x triticum turgidum), common wheat-h. chilense addition lines, and the segregating plants resulting from the cross tritordeum x t. turgidum, were fractionated by three electrophoretical techniques: sds-page, a-page, and bidimensional page. prolamin subunits with a high molecular weight (hmw) were well visualized by sds-page, the a-page technique permitted good resolution for many hordein ... | 1991 | 24221169 |
| chromosomal location of genes for rubisco small subunit and rubisco-binding protein in common wheat. | the genes coding for the rubisco small subunit (ssu) and for the α-subunit of the rubisco-binding protein were located to chromosome arms of common wheat. hindiii-digested total dna from the hexaploid cultivar chinese spring and from ditelosomic and nullisomic-tetrasomic lines was probed with these two genes, whose chromosomal location was deduced from the disappearance of or from changes in the relative intensity of the relevant band(s). the rubisco ssu pattern consisted of 14 bands, containing ... | 1991 | 24221165 |
| ammi adjustment for statistical analysis of an international wheat yield trial. | multilocation trials are important for the cimmyt bread wheat program in producing high-yielding, adapted lines for a wide range of environments. this study investigated procedures for improving predictive success of a yield trial, grouping environments and genotypes into homogeneous subsets, and determining the yield stability of 18 cimmyt bread wheats evaluated at 25 locations. additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (ammi) analysis gave more precise estimates of genotypic yields ... | 1991 | 24221155 |
| gibberellins and leaf expansion in near-isogenic wheat lines containing rht1 and rht3 dwarfing alleles. | in near-isogenic lines of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. maris huntsman) grown at 20° c under long days the reduced-height genes, rht1 (semi-dwarf) and rht3 (dwarf) reduced the rate of extension of leaf 2 by 12% and 52%, respectively, compared with corresponding rht (tall) lines. lowering the growing temperature from 20° to 10° c reduced the rate of linear extension of leaf 2 by 2.5-fold (60% reduction) in the rht3 line but by only 1.6-fold (36% reduction) in the rht3 line. for both geno ... | 1991 | 24193625 |
| yield and grain quality of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. drabant) exposed to different concentrations of ozone in open-top chambers. | spring wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. drabant) was exposed to different concentrations of ozone in open-top chambers for two growing seasons, 1987 and 1988, at a site located in south-west sweden. the chambers were placed in a field of commercially grown spring wheat. the treatments were charcoal-filtered air (cf), non-filtered air (nf) and non-filtered air plus extra ozone (nf(+)). in 1988, one additional ozone concentration (nf(++)) was used. grain yield was affected by the ozone concentrati ... | 1991 | 15092158 |
| morphological responses of wheat to changes in phytochrome photoequilibrium. | wheat plants (triticum aestivum l.) were grown at the same photosynthetic photon flux (ppf), 200 micromoles per square meter per second, but with phytochrome photoequilibrium (phi) values of 0.81, 0.55, and 0.33. plants grown at phi values of 0.55 and 0.33 tillered 43 and 56%, less compared with plants grown at phi of 0.81. main culm development (haun stage) was slightly more advanced at lower values of phi, and leaf sheaths, but not leaf lamina, were longer at lower phi. dry-mass accumulation w ... | 1991 | 11538375 |
| germination and growth of wheat in simulated martian atmospheres. | one design for a manned mars base incorporates a bioregenerative life support system based upon growing higher plants at a low atmospheric pressure in a greenhouse on the martian surface. to determine the concept's feasibility, the germination and initial growth of wheat (triticum aestivum) was evaluated at low atmospheric pressures in simulated martian atmosphere (sma) and in sma supplemented with oxygen. total atmospheric pressures ranged from 10 to 1013 mb. no seeds germinated in pure sma, re ... | 1991 | 11537561 |
| [characteristics of triticum vulgare in the early phases of development (ontogenesis) in space flight]. | the effect of space flight factors on the growth and development of wheat grown in a svetoblock-m unit on the orbital station mir was investigated. the data obtained allow the conclusion that wheat plants develop flight-induced changes. when compared to control plants, experimental plants show a delayed growth in terms of biometric parameters, different distribution of biogenic elements, lower phytoncidal activity, increased bacterial and fungal contamination, and a changed pigment and lipid com ... | 2006 | 2046298 |
| carbonic anhydrase assay: strong inhibition of the leaf enzyme by co2 in certain buffers. | apparent carbonic anhydrase activity in leaf extracts, measured as the rate of h+ production associated with the co2 hydration reaction, varied by as much as 25-fold when the assay buffer was varied. highest activities were usually recorded in barbitone buffer, with lower activities in imidazole, tricine, hepes, tris, and phosphate buffers. the greatest differences were observed with the enzyme isolated from leaves of the monocotyledonous plants zea mays (maize) and triticum aestivum (wheat). sm ... | 1991 | 1904692 |
| milling energy requirement of the aneuploid stocks of common wheat, including alien addition lines. | aneuploid stocks, which included triticum aestivum/alien, disomic, chromosome addition lines, wheat/alien, ditelosomic, chromosome addition lines, and the available aneuploids of "chinese spring" wheat, were used to locate genes that influence milling energy requirement (me). genes that affected me were found on all seven homoeologous chromosome groups. the addition of complete wheat chromosomes 1b, 1d, 2a, 2d, 5b, 6b, 7b and 7d increased me. positive effects were also found in specific chromoso ... | 1990 | 24221113 |
| genetic mapping between gli-b1 locus and a telomeric c-heterochromatin band in wheat. | using c-banding it has been possible to prove that the bread wheat varieties 'holdfast' and 'capelledesprez' shows an intense band of telomeric heterochromatin on the short arm of chromosome 1b, while the variety 'pané-247' presents a very thin band. gliadin study using ph-acid electrophoresis revealed the existence of differences in the gli-b1 locus in the three varieties. analysis of the progeny of the (p x h) x cd hybrid revealed recombination between the heterochromatin c-band and locus gli- ... | 1990 | 24221110 |
| regeneration of freezing-tolerant spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plants from cryoselected callus. | a cryoselection protocol has been developed that provides freezing-tolerant callus that, in turn, can regenerate plants with enhanced cold hardiness. tolerant calli were selected from spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) callus by immersion in liquid nitrogen without addition of cryoprotectants. less than 15% of the calli survived the initial challenge, whereas 30 to 40% of previously selected calli survived subsequent exposure. seed progeny from five of 11 regenerant (r2) lines tested exhibited ... | 1990 | 16667913 |
| differences in the susceptibility of plant membrane lipids to peroxidation. | peroxidation of three membrane lipid preparations from plants was initiated using fe-edta and ascorbate and quantified as the production of aldehydes and loss of esterified fatty acids. using liposomes prepared from commercial soybean asolecithin, the degree of peroxidation was shown to be dependent on: the free radical dose, which was varied by the ascorbate concentration; the presence of tocopherol in the liposome; the configuration, of the liposome, multilamellar or unilamellar; and time afte ... | 1990 | 2124926 |
| improved embryoid induction and green shoot regeneration from wheat anthers cultured in medium with maltose. | anthers from spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes, including six f1 hybrids, were cultured in a modified liquid n6 medium containing either sucrose or maltose. in every case, use of maltose resulted in greater microspore callus induction and green shoot regeneration than culture in sucrose-containing medium. induction in maltose medium also allowed green shoots to be recovered from crosses that showed only a poor response in other media and from two genotypes that did not respond to mod ... | 1990 | 24227056 |
| influence of acetylcholine agonists and antagonists on the swelling of etiolated wheat (triticum aestivum l.) mesophyll protoplasts. | etiolated wheat (triticum aestivum l.) mesophyll protoplasts swell within 30 min in darkness after a red light (r) pulse or addition of acetylcholine (ach), if 0.5 mm cacl2 is present in the medium. in addition, ach is also able to induce swelling in the presence of both 0.1 mm kcl or nacl. besides ach, only carbamylcholine out of the choline derivatives tested was active in induction of swelling in the presence of k(+) or na(+). the k(+)/na(+)-dependent ach-induced protoplast swelling was nulli ... | 1990 | 24197365 |
| the composition of the cutin of the caryopses and leaves oftriticum aestivum l. | the outer layers (bran) of white wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. jubilar) caryopses contain several layers of lipophilic materials. it was the objective of the present work to establish the nature, composition and amounts of the lipid polymers of wheat bran and to compare it with leaf cutin. prior to analysis, the bran was isolated and divided into two fractions: (i) the inner bran containing the remnants of the nucellus, the seed coat and the inner layers of the pericarp, and (ii) the outer bra ... | 1990 | 24197199 |
| differing substomatal and chloroplastic co2 concentrations in water-stressed wheat. | gas exchanges of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. courtot) shoots were measured before and during a water stress. while photosynthesis, transpiration and dark respiration decreased because of the stress, photorespiration increased initially, up to a maximum of 50% above its initial value. the co2 concentration in the intercellular space was calculated from gas-diffusion resistances, and remained approximately constant before and during the stress. on the other hand, the co2 concentration in the c ... | 1990 | 24197193 |
| mitochondrial gene expression during wheat leaf development. | the expression of specific mitochondrial, chloroplast and nuclear genes has been investigated in leaves of 7-d-old light-grown wheat (triticum aestivum cv. maris dove). in the wheat leaf there is a spatial separation of a temporal sequence of development from the basal meristem to the distal mature, photosynthetically competent cells. this sequence of cellular differentiation is paralleled by a functional differentiation in which the energy supply changes from oxidative phosphorylation in the no ... | 1990 | 24197191 |
| high performance liquid chromatography resolution of ubiquitin pathway enzymes from wheat germ. | the highly conserved protein ubiquitin is involved in several cellular processes in eukaryotes as a result of its covalent ligation to a variety of target proteins. here, we describe the purification of several enzymatic activities involved in ubiquitin-protein conjugate formation and disassembly from wheat germ (triticum vulgare) by a combination of ubiquitin affinity chromatography and anion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography. using this procedure, ubiquitin activating enzyme (e1) ... | 1990 | 16667769 |
| kinetics of aluminum uptake in triticum aestivum l: identity of the linear phase of aluminum uptake by excised roots of aluminum-tolerant and aluminum-sensitive cultivars. | the identity of a linear phase of aluminum (al) uptake in triticum aestivum was investigated by analysis of the kinetics of al uptake by excised roots and purified cell wall fractions. classical interpretation of kinetic data suggests that a linear phase of uptake with time reflects uptake across the plasma membrane; however, in studies with al the possibility that the linear phase of uptake includes accumulation of al in both the symplasm and the apoplasm has not been discounted. in our experim ... | 1990 | 16667751 |
| measurement of phloem transport rates by an indicator-dilution technique. | an indicator-dilution technique for the measurement of flow rates, commonly used by animal physiologists for circulation measurements, was adapted to the measurement of phloem translocation rates in the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) peduncle. the approach is based on the observation that, during the transport of a given amount of solute, its mean concentration will be inversely proportional to flow rate. for phloem transport in the wheat peduncle, the necessary measurements are (a) the time cours ... | 1990 | 16667733 |
| restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis in wheat. i. genomic dna library construction and rflp analysis in common wheat. | to develop detailed linkage maps of restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) sites in wheat chromosomes, it was necessary to construct a genomic dna library and to characterize the clones obtained. forty-nine per cent of the clones were of single or low copy number per genome. with 91 clones of this class, as probes, and with two to four restriction endonucleases, for dna digestion, rflps were examined among eight common wheats and a single emmer wheat. about 20% of the probes, and 13% of ... | 1990 | 1979008 |
| sucrose metabolism in developing endosperm of immature wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain. | with a view to investigating the role of the enzyme pyrophosphate-fructose-6-phosphate-1-phosphotransferase (pfp) in sucrose breakdown in developing endosperm of wheat grain, the activity of pfp and related enzymes such as phosphofructokinase (pfk), fructose-6-bisphosphatase (fbpase), fructose-6-phosphate-2-kinase (pfk-2) and fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (f2, 6-p2ase) and the contents of the various intermediates of the pathway serving either the substrate or the effectors of these enzymes such a ... | 1990 | 1964151 |
| the molecular basis of genetic diversity among cytoplasms of triticum and aegilops : 7. restriction endonuclease analysis of mitochondrial dnas from polyploid wheats and their ancestral species. | many related species and strains of common wheat were compared by matching differences among their mitochondrial genomes with their "parent" nuclear genomes. we examined three species of aegilops, section sitopsis (ae. bicornis, ae. sharonensis, and ae. speltoides), emmer wheat (triticum dicoccoides, t. dicoccum, and t. durum), common wheat (t. spelta, t. aestivum, and t. compaction), and timopheevi wheat (t. araraticum, t. timopheevi, and t. zhukovskyi). a single source of the cytoplasm was use ... | 1990 | 24220971 |
| growth dynamics of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) exposed to sulfur dioxide pollution. | | 1990 | 2257336 |
| somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in triticum aestivum x leymus angustus f1 hybrids and the parental lines. | somatic embryos and plants were produced from cultured inflorescence and leaf segments of triticum aestivum x leymus anaustus f1 hybrids and the parental lines. inflorescences showed a better capacity for somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration than leaves. leymus anaustus produced the highest number of embryogenic calli, while the hybrids were intermediate between this species and triticum aestivum. presence of 2,4-d was shown to be essential for induction and maintenance of somatic embryo ... | 1990 | 24226703 |
| plastid microtubule-like structures in wheat are insensitive to microtubule inhibitors. | the effects of microtubule inhibitors on the spectral properties of leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. walde) and on the presence of plastid microtubule-like structures (mtls) during etioplast to chloroplast transformation were examined. amiprophos-methyl (apm, 0.1 mm), fed to leaf sections of 7-day-old dark-grown wheat, reduced the ration of phototransformable to non-phototransformable proto-chlorophyllide (pchlide), decreased the rate of the shibata shift, and inhibited chlorophyll accu ... | 1990 | 21087273 |
| failure to corroborate claims that the developing endosperm of wheat (triticum aestivum) contains significant activities of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. | this work was done to test claims (sangwan and singh, physiol. plant. 73: 21-26) that the developing endosperm of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) contains a cytosolic and a plastidic fructose- 1,6-bisphosphatase (ec 3.1.3.11; fbpase). repetition of the procedure of sangwan and singh with extracts of developing endosperm of triticum aestivum cv. mercia produced two peaks of apparent fbpase activity on elution from deae-cellulose. both peaks showed high activity of pyrophosphate:fructose-6-phos-phate ... | 1990 | 21087272 |
| heat shock proteins and their mrnas in dry and early imbibing embryos of wheat. | two-dimensional gels of in vitro translation products of mrnas isolated from quiescent wheat (triticum aestivum) embryos demonstrate the presence of mrnas encoding heat shock proteins (hsps). there were no detectable differences in the mrnas found in mature embryos from field grown, from 25 degrees c growth chamber cultivated, or from plants given 38 degrees c heat stresses at different stages of seed development. the mrnas encoding several developmentally dependent (dd) hsps were among those fo ... | 1990 | 16667666 |
| assessing the rhizotoxicity of the aluminate ion, al(oh)(4). | dissolved aluminum (iii) in acidic soils or culture media is often rhizotoxic (inhibitory to root elongation). alkaline solutions of al are also sometimes rhizotoxic, and for that reason toxicity has been attributed to the aluminate ion, al(oh)(4) (-). in the present study, seedlings of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv tyler) and red clover (trifolium pratense l. cv kenland) were cultured in aerated aluminate solutions at ph 8.0 to 8.9. the bulk phases of these solutions were free of reactive poly ... | 1990 | 16667665 |
| allelochemicals in soil from no-tillage versus conventional-tillage wheat (triticum aestivum) fields. | putative allelochemicals found in the soil of no-tillage and conventional-tillage wheat plots near stillwater, oklahoma, were obtained by a mild alkaline aqueous extraction procedure, bioassayed to determine their biological activity, purified, and analyzed with a capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-data analysis system. the most significant inhibition was found in bioassays of extracts from soil collected immediately after harvest in june, july, and august. no-tillage soils produced ... | 1990 | 24264093 |
| molecular cloning and chromosomal location of genes encoding the "early-methionine-labelled" (em) polypeptide of triticum aestivum l. var. chinese spring. | the "early-methionine-labelled" (em) polypeptide is the most abundant cytosolic polypeptide found in mature wheat embryos. using a near full-length cdna clone as a hybridisation probe to detect genomic sequences by southern blotting of electrophoretic separations of genomic dna derived from triticum aestivum l. var. chinese spring and a series of its aneuploid derivatives, we demonstrate that the em polypeptide is the product of a small multigene family in which the copies are located on each of ... | 1990 | 24220809 |
| hordeum chilense repetitive sequences. genome characterization using biotinylated probes. | a library of random dna fragment clones of wild barley hordeum chilense was screened for clones of repeated nucleotide sequences. five clones were isolated that gave a stronger hybridization signal in colony and dot blot hybridization with total h. chilense dna in comparison to triticum aestivum dna. clones labelled with biotinylated nucleotides were used as probes to investigate the repeated sequences organization in the h. chilense genome. tandemly arranged and interspersed sequences have been ... | 1990 | 24220806 |
| detection and partial characterization of two antigenically distinct β-amylases in developing kernels of wheat. | a β-amylase (ec 3.2.1.2) was identified in the outer pericarp (βp) of developing seeds of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and compared with the well known β-amylase which is synthesized during seed development in the starchy endosperm (βe). the enzyme βp already exists in the tissues before anthesis and vanishes at the time when βe starts to accumulate. the isoelectric-focusing patterns of βp and βe are very similar. the relative molecular weight (mr) of βp is slightly higher than that of βe (66 an ... | 1990 | 24196930 |
| fructan metabolism in wheat in alternating warm and cold temperatures. | the objective of this research was to develop a system in which the direction of fructan metabolism could be controlled. three-week-old wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l. cv caldwell) grown at 25 degrees c were transferred to cold temperature (10 degrees c) to induce fructan synthesis and then were transferred to continuous darkness at 25 degrees c after defoliation and fructan degradation monitored. the total fructan content increased significantly 1 day after transferring from 25 degrees c ... | 1990 | 16667599 |
| phosphorylation of plant h2a histones. | phosphorylation of wheat (triticum aestivum) and alfalfa (medicago sativa) h2a histone variants was examined during early seedling growth. the c-terminal regions of wheat h2a variants contain multiple s-p tetrapeptides (serine-proline adjacent to a pair of basic amino acids) which resemble known phosphorylation sites in histones from other species. phosphorylation of nucleosomal core histones was assessed by autoradiography of proteins labeled in vivo with (32)pi and resolved by two-dimensional ... | 1990 | 16667585 |
| regulation of α-amylase formation and gene expression in the developing wheat embryo : role of abscisic acid, the osmotic environment and gibberellin. | embryos in developing wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. sappo) grains (15-40 d post anthesis, dpa) contain no detectable α-amylase. when isolated from the grain they produce the enzyme even though they do not germinate. younger (15 dpa) and older (45 dpa) embryos produce only a group of isozymes of low isoelectric point (pi): at intermediate ages low-pi and high-pi groups appear. the low-pi group is formed first, about 6 h after isolation, followed by the high-pi group at 16h. the formation of hi ... | 1990 | 24196805 |
| synthesis of abscisic acid-responsive, heat-stable proteins in embryonic axes of dormant wheat grain. | germination of embryonic axes from dormant grain is inhibited by low concentrations of abscisic acid (aba) compared with axes from nondormant grain. incubation of dormant grain axes in 0.05 to 50 micromolar aba caused the prolonged synthesis of a set of heat-stable proteins. two of these proteins were identified as dehydrins. in nondormant grain axes, 100- to 1000-fold greater aba concentrations were required to produce similar results. when embryonic axes of dormant wheat (triticum aestivum) gr ... | 1990 | 16667520 |
| soluble peroxidase from winter wheat seedlings with phenoloxidase-like activity. | peroxidase isozymes from winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv orso) seedlings extracts showed phenoloxidase-like activity, becoming visible on polyacrylamide gels also in the absence of hydrogen peroxide. the results obtained after a characterization of the two activities, based on their substrate specificity, on their selective inhibition, and on the possible occurrence of artifacts, suggested the existence of polyfunctional peroxidase isozymes. different isozymes possessing only phenol oxidas ... | 1990 | 16667493 |
| preparative isoelectric focusing of reduced wheat gluten proteins. | proteins extracted from gluten of the bread wheat cultivar fiorello 2 in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol were separated by isoelectric focusing in a free solution in a ph 3-10 gradient containing 50% v/v 1-propanol or urea. the collected fractions were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 10% gels (high and medium molecular weight glutenin subunits) and 16% gels (low molecular weight gliadins). the isoelectric focusing pattern of gluten pol ... | 1990 | 2394208 |
| an internal part of the chloroplast atpa gene sequence is present in the mitochondrial genome of triticum aestivum: molecular organisation and evolutionary aspects. | an internal part of the chloroplast atpa gene has been identified in the mitochondrial dna of triticum aestivum. it is located near the 18s-5s ribosomal genes and partially contained within a repeated sequence. comparison of the transferred sequence with the original ct sequence reveals several nucleotide changes and shows that neither 5' nor 3' ends are present in the mt genome. no transcript of this region could be detected by northern analysis. this sequence is present in mitochondrial genome ... | 1990 | 2143966 |
| characterization and regeneration of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) embryogenic cell suspension cultures. | stable cell suspension cultures were established from two types of calli (one compact, nodular and embryogenic, the other friable and embryogenic) derived from cultured immature embryos of wheat (cv fla302). only aged calli, which had been subcultured for at least 5-8 months, formed suspensions comprised mainly of groups of small, round, densely cytoplasmic, starch-containing cells. only the embryogenic suspension derived from the aged, compact and nodular callus formed distinct somatic embryos ... | 1990 | 24232924 |
| genetic variability of leaf esterases in triticum aestivum l. 2n=6x=42. | starch gel electrophoresis with two different buffer systems and several substrates and inhibitors have been used to study the electrophoretic variability of esterases in leaves of cultivars of triticum aestivum. each one of the buffer systems showed different levels of variability, according to the electrophoretic patterns. at the same time green and etiolated leaves showed different patterns in each buffer system. the variability was dependent upon the developmental stage of the leaves. accord ... | 1990 | 24226583 |
| identification of callus types for long-term maintenance and regeneration from commercial cultivars of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | immature embryos, inflorescences, and anthers of eight commercial cultivars of triticum aestivum (wheat) formed embryogenic callus on a variety of media. immature embryos (1.0-1.5 mm long) were found to be most suitable for embryogenic callus formation while anthers responded poorly; inflorescences gave intermediate values. immature embryos of various cultivars showed significant differences in callus formation in response to 11 of the 12 media tested. no significant differences were observed wh ... | 1990 | 24226574 |
| association between dwarfing genes 'rht1' and 'rht 2' and resistance toseptoria tritici blotch in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. em thell). | differences in levels of resistance toseptoria tritici blotch were observed in plants with a specific height-reducing gene. when the gene 'rht 2' was present either as an isoline or in the progeny, a higher degree of resistance was found. the most susceptible plants were observed in populations carrying the 'rht 1' gene. associations, as determined by phenotypic correlations, were detected betweenseptoria tritici blotch and tall stature, late heading, and maturity. plants having short stature, e ... | 1990 | 24226364 |
| use of recombinant inbred lines of wheat for study of associations of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit alleles to quantitative traits : 1. grain yield and quality prediction tests. | the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (hmw glutenin), encoded by alleles at homoeologous lociglu-a1,glu-b1, andglu-d1 on the long arms of chromosomes1a,1b, and1d of a set of f8 random recombinant inbred lines (ril) derived from the bread wheat cross anza × cajeme 71, were classified by sds-page. anza has poor breadmaking quality and hmw-glutenin subunits (payne numbers) null (glu-a1c), 7+8 (glu-b1b), and 2+12 (glu-d1a); cajeme 71 has good quality and 1 (glu-a1a), 17+18 (glu-b1i), and 5+10 ... | 1990 | 24226349 |
| genetic characterisation of a further homoeoallelic series of grain esterase loci,est-6, in wheat. | isoelectric focussing in alkaline ph gels has permitted the identification of a new homoeoallelic series of genes,est-6, encoding grain esterases in bread wheat,triticum aestivum. nullisomic analysis located these genes to the short arms of the homoeologous group 2 chromosomes. a search for polymorphism withinest-6 revealed null alleles at each ofest-a6,est-b6 andest-d6. a further homoeolocus,est-m6, is present on chromosome arm2ms ofaegilops comosa. | 1990 | 24226345 |
| nucleotide sequence of a cdna encoding an alpha/beta-type gliadin from hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum). | | 1990 | 2102865 |
| differential expression of two types of sucrose synthase-encoding genes in wheat in response to anaerobiosis, cold shock and light. | the expression of two types of sucrose synthase-encoding genes, ss1 and ss2, in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum, l.), has been investigated using type-specific probes, corresponding to the 250-270 bp c-terminal portions of the respective cdna clones. both types of genes are highly expressed in developing endosperm, where the expression of the ss2 type slightly precedes in time that of the ss1 type. expression of ss genes is lower in etiolated leaves and in roots than in endosperm. in the firs ... | 1990 | 2140810 |
| nucleotide sequences of two nuclear trna(tyr) genes from triticum aestivum. | | 1990 | 2336367 |
| starch synthesis in developing wheat grain : the effect of light on endosperm starch synthesis in vitro and in vivo. | the effect of light on the in-vivo rate of starch synthesis in the endosperm of developing wheat (triticum aestivum cv. mardler) grain was studied. individual grains from spikelets grown on the same spike either in darkness or bright light showed no difference in their ability to accumulate radioactivity or to convert this to starch over a 14-h period. similarly, there was no difference in final grain dry weight between spikes which had been kept in either darkness or normal light from 10 d post ... | 1990 | 24196681 |
| chloramphenicol stimulates the accumulation of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein ii by affecting posttranscriptional events in the chlorina cd3 mutant wheat. | the levels of total chlorophyll (chl), total carotenoids, light-harvesting chl a/b apoprotein of photosystem ii (lhcpii), and light-harvesting chl a/b apoprotein (lhcp) mrna were examined in the cd3 chlorina mutant wheat (triticum aestivum, l.) after 18 hours greening at either a low (3 micromoles of photons per square meter per second) or moderate (200 micromoles of photons per square meter per second) irradiance. the chl b and lhcpii deficient mutant wheat accumulated significantly greater lev ... | 1990 | 16667395 |
| characteristics of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase degradation by lysates of mechanically isolated chloroplasts from wheat leaves. | the lysate from intact chloroplasts mechanically isolated from primary leaves of 9 day old seedlings of wheat (triticum aestivum l. var aoba) was incubated in the ph range of 5.5 to 8.5 at 37 degrees c for 5 hours. proteolytic activity against ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco, ec 4.1.1.39) was estimated by disappearance of the large subunit of rubisco or the appearance of its degradation products. although the activity in lysates was weak, the products were detected by ap ... | 1990 | 16667392 |
| partial characterization of the trait for enhanced k(+)-na (+) discrimination in the d genome of wheat. | the long arm of chromosome 4d of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) contains a gene (or genes) which influences the ability of wheat plants to discriminate between na(+) and k(+). this discrimination most obviously affects transport from the roots to the shoots, in which less na(+) and more k(+) accumulate in those plants which contain the long arm of chromosome 4d. concentrations of na(+) and k(+) in the roots, and cl(-) concentrations in the roots and shoots, are not significantly affected by this t ... | 1990 | 24202105 |
| abscisic acid enhances the transcription of wheat-germ agglutinin mrna without altering its tissue-specific expression. | we used rna gel-blot analysis, in-situ hybridization, and nuclear run-on transcription to examine the effects of exogenous abscisic acid (aba) on the spatial distribution of mrna for the lectin wheat-germ agglutinin (wga) in developing wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. marshall) embryos and seedlings. when analyzed by rna gel blots, both developing embryos and seedlings exhibited higher steady-state levels of wga mrna after aba treatment. as determined by in-situ hybridization, incubation of devel ... | 1990 | 24202100 |
| ubiquitin pool modulation and protein degradation in wheat roots during high temperature stress. | ubiquitin, a key component in an atp-dependent proteolytic pathway, participates in the response of various eucaryotic organisms to high temperature stress. our objective was to determine if ubiquitin serves a similar capacity for metabolizing altered proteins in higher plants during stress. degradation of total proteins was measured, and ubiquitin pools (free versus conjugated) were extracted with an improved protocol from wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv len) roots treated at 22, 27, 32, 37, and ... | 1990 | 16667343 |
| correlation between the maintenance of photosynthesis and in situ protoplast volume at low water potentials in droughted wheat. | studies were undertaken to examine the relationship between water deficit effects on photosynthesis and the extent of protoplast volume reduction which occurs in leaves at low water potential (psi(w)). this relationship was monitored in two cultivars (;condor' and ;capelle desprez') of cultivated wheat (triticum aestivum) that differed in sensitivity to drought, and in a wild relative of cultivated wheat (triticum kotschyi) that has been previously found to be ;drought resistant.' when subjected ... | 1990 | 16667342 |
| photosynthetic decline from high temperature stress during maturation of wheat : ii. interaction with source and sink processes. | high temperature stress reduces grain growth in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by altering source activity and sink capacity. the impact of stress on source and sink interactions in two wheat cultivars of differing source thermotolerance was monitored by analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence transients, fv (variable fluorescence) and psm (peak, stationary, maximum), of attached flag leaves on intact and decapitated tillers grown at optimum (20 degrees c) and stress (35 degrees c) temperatures after ... | 1990 | 16667330 |
| photosynthetic decline from high temperature stress during maturation of wheat : i. interaction with senescence processes. | photosynthetic capacity decreases rapidly when temperate species are exposed to heat stress during reproductive development. we investigated whether injury in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) resulted from general acceleration of senescence processes or specific heat-induced lesions. in situ photosynthetic capacity of leaf discs and thylakoid reactions were measured using flag leaf tissue from two cultivars maintained at 20 and 35 degrees c during maturation. photosynthetic rates of leaf discs decre ... | 1990 | 16667329 |
| wheat germ 5s ribosomal rna common arm fragment conformations observed by 1h and 31p nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | the nonexchangeable protons of the common arm fragment of wheat germ (triticum aestivum) ribosomal 5s rna have been observed by means of high-resolution 500-mhz 1h nmr spectroscopy in d2o solution. although nmr studies on the exchangeable protons support the presence of two distinct solution structures of the common arm fragment (and of the same base-paired segment in intact 5s rrna), only a single conformation is manifested in the 1h nmr behavior of all of the h6 and h5 pyrimidine and most of t ... | 1990 | 2331463 |
| 500-mhz proton nmr evidence for two solution structures of the common arm base-paired segment of wheat germ 5s ribosomal rna. | the base-pair protons of the common arm duplex fragment of wheat germ (triticum aestivum) ribosomal 5s rna have been identified and assigned by means of 500-mhz proton nmr spectroscopy. the two previously reported extra base pairs within the fragment [li et al. (1987) biochemistry 26, 1578-1585] are now explained by the presence of two distinct solution structures of the common arm fragment (and its corresponding base-paired segment in intact 5s rrna). the present conclusions are supported by on ... | 1990 | 2331462 |
| the effect of parental divergence on f2 heterosis in winter wheat crosses. | in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.), the development of a methodology to estimate genetic divergence between parental lines, when combined with knowledge of parental performance, could be beneficial in the prediction of bulk progeny performance. the objective of this study was to relate f2 heterosis for grain yield and its components in 116 crosses to two independent estimates of genetic divergence among 28 parental genotypes of diverse origins. genetic divergence between parents was estimate ... | 1990 | 24226225 |
| chromosomal location of adenylate kinase isozymes in triticeae species. | one system of monomeric adenylate kinase isozymes, designated adk, was observed in triticum aestivum and in five diploid triticeae species. the gene loci adk-a, adk-b and adk-d were located on 7al, 7bl and 7dl triticum aestivum cv "chinese spring" chromosomal arms, respectively. adk gene loci were also located on the 7rl chromosomal arm of secale cereale cv "ailés", the 7h chromosome of hordeum vulgare cv "betzes", 7x of agropyron intermedium, 7e of elytrigia elongata and csu-e of aegilops umbel ... | 1990 | 24226212 |
| characterization of amyloplastic phosphohexose isomerase from immature wheat (triticum aestivum l.) endosperm. | phosphohexose isomerase from amyloplasts of immature wheat endosperm was purified 133-fold. the enzyme had a molecular weight of 130 kda and maximum activity at ph 8.6. it showed normal hyperbolic kinetics for both fructose-6-p and glucose-6-p with km of 0.12 mm and 0.44 mm, respectively. ph had a great influence on km for fructose-6-p. using glucose-6-p as the substrate, the equilibrium was reached at 23% fructose-6-p and 77% glucose-6-p and an equilibrium constant of about 3.0. the delta f cal ... | 1990 | 2341161 |
| somaclonal variant plants of wheat derived from mature embryo explants of three genotypes. | somaclones regenerated from three wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars, glennson, pavon and pak-16171 were evaluated for variation in agronomic and morphological characters. calli were initiated from germinating seeds on linsmaier and skoog (ls) medium plus 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2% sucrose and 1% agar. calli were isolated and regenerated into whole plants on ls medium containing 0.1 mg/l indole - 3-acetic acid and 0.5 mg/l benzyladenine. comparisons among the somaclones and th ... | 1990 | 24226286 |
| the effects of interactions of culture environment with genotype on wheat (triticum aestivum) anther culture response. | the interactions of genotype and several variables related to culture environment, including temperature pretreatment, conditioned medium and agar concentrations were examined in a series of experiments for their effects on percent anthers producing callus and number of embryoids produced per 100 anthers scored. significant genotypic interaction was observed for both traits with all environmental variables except methods of medium conditioning. such interactions involve both changes of response ... | 1990 | 24226278 |
| a novel intergeneric hybrid in the triticeae: triticum aestivum x psathyrost achys juncea. | two hybrid embryos of intergeneric origin between triticum aestivum cv fukuho (2n=6x=42, aabbdd) and psathyrostachys juncea (2n=2x=14, nn) were successfully rescued. one hybrid plant had the expected chromosome number of 28 (abdn), whereas the second plant had 35 chromosomes. the average meiotic chromosome pairing in the 35-chromosome hybrid was 21.87 univalents + 6.38 bivalents + 0.11 trivalents + 0.009 quadrivalents, which indicates that two copies of the n genome were present. chromosome pair ... | 1990 | 24226118 |
| nitrate reductases in hexaploid and tetraploid wheats and aegilops. | nitrate reductase activity (nr activity), protein content (nr protein) and polypeptides were compared in shoots of triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare (l.) cv fidel (bread wheat, aabbdd genome), triticum dicoccum cv vernal (aabb genome), aegilops squarrosa var. strangulata (dd genome) and the amphiploid 365 (aabbdd genome), produced by crossing t. dicoccum cv vernal and ae. squarrosa var. strangulata. constitutive nr protein and activity were found in shoots of all seedlings grown without nitrate, wi ... | 1990 | 24226112 |
| gibberellic acid regulates cell wall extensibility in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | mutations (rht genes) blocking sensitivity to gibberellic acid (ga) were used to examine phytohormone mediated cell wall expansion in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). irreversible extensibility of immature leaf segments, as determined by stress/strain (instron) measurements, declined with rht gene dose. exogenous ga(3) significantly increased wall extensibility in the nonmutant controls but had no effect on the near-isogenic ga-insensitive genotypes. furthermore, ancymidol, an inhibitor of gibberel ... | 1990 | 16667254 |
| effects of ozone on the grain composition of spring wheat grown in open-top field chambers. | in a three-year study carried out at a rural site in switzerland, spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. albis) was exposed to different levels of ozone (o(3)) in open-top-field chambers from the two-leaf stage until harvest. field plots in ambient air (aa) were used for comparison. grain recovered from the different treatments was analyzed for minerals (ca, mg, k, p), starch, protein, amino acids and alpha-tocopherol, in order to investigate the effect of o(3) on grain composition. chamber-encl ... | 1990 | 15092274 |
| electron microscopic demonstration of lectin binding sites in the taste buds of the european catfish silurus glanis (teleostei). | taste buds in the european catfish silurus glanis were examined with electron microscopic lectin histochemistry. for detection of carbohydrate residues in sensory cells and adjacent epithelial cells, gold-, ferritin- and biotin-labeled lectins were used. a post-embedding procedure carried out on tissue sections embedded in lr-white was applied to differentiate between the sensory cells: the lectins from helix pomatia (hpa) and triticum vulgare (wga) bound to n-acetyl-galactosamine and to n-acety ... | 1990 | 2279957 |
| effects of sodium chloride stress and calcium supply on growth, potassium uptake, and internal chloride and sodium levels of winter wheat seedlings. | the effects of saline conditions on the k+ (86rb), na+ and cl- uptake and growth of 6-day-old wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. gk szeged) seedlings were studied in the absence and presence of ca2+. it was found that on direct nacl treatment the k+ uptake of the roots in the absence of ca2+ declined significantly with increasing salinity. the reverse was true, however, in the case of nacl pretreatment: seedlings grown under highly saline conditions (50 mm nacl) absorbed more k+ than those pretreat ... | 1990 | 2131712 |
| nuclear genes affecting albinism in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) anther culture. | inheritance of the ability to respond in wheat anther culture was studied from 6×2 reciprocal crosses between six varieties with high and two varieties with low capacity for green plant formation and their parents, replicated in two environments. effects of genotypes dominated embryo formation and percentages of green plants, accounting for 78.4% and 85.4% of total variation, respectively, while smaller genetic effects were indicated for regeneration. nuclear genes could explain almost all the g ... | 1989 | 24226023 |