| characterization of pullulanase (pul)-deficient mutants of rice (oryza sativa l.) and the function of pul on starch biosynthesis in the developing rice endosperm. | rice (oryza sativa) allelic sugary1 (sug1) mutants defective in isoamylase 1 (isa1) accumulate varying levels of starch and phytoglycogen in their endosperm, and the activity of a pullulanase-type of a debranching enzyme (pul) was found to correlate closely with the severity of the sug1 phenotype. thus, three pul-deficient mutants were generated to investigate the function of pul in starch biosynthesis. the reduction of pul activity had no pleiotropic effects on the other enzymes involved in sta ... | 2009 | 19190097 |
| rubisco content and photosynthesis of leaves at different positions in transgenic rice with an overexpression of rbcs. | as ribulose 1.5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) activity limits light-saturated photosynthesis under present atmospheric condition, the effects of an overexpression of rbcson rubisco content and photosynthesis were examined in the leaves at different positions in rice (oryza sativa l.). rubisco content in the transformant was significantly greater in the uppermost, fully expanded leaves but decreased to levels similar to those in wild-type plants in the lower leaves. the mrna levels ... | 2009 | 19183297 |
| sucrose transporter1 functions in phloem loading in maize leaves. | in most plants, sucrose is exported from source leaves to carbon-importing sink tissues to sustain their growth and metabolism. apoplastic phloem-loading species require sucrose transporters (suts) to transport sucrose into the phloem. in many dicot plants, genetic and biochemical evidence has established that sut1-type proteins function in phloem loading. however, the role of sut1 in phloem loading in monocot plants is not clear since the rice (oryza sativa) and sugarcane (saccharum hybrid) sut ... | 2009 | 19181865 |
| salt-inducible isoform of plasma membrane h+atpase gene in rice remains constitutively expressed in natural halophyte, suaeda maritima. | to look into a possible involvement of plasma membrane h+atpase (pm-h+atpase, ec 3.6.3.6) in mitigation of physiological disturbances imposed by salt stress, response of the enzyme was studied in two oryza sativa indica cultivars, salt-tolerant lunishri and non-tolerant badami, and a natural halophyte suaeda maritima after challenge of the young plants with nacl. significant increase in activity of the enzyme was observed in response to nacl in all the test plants with s. maritima showing maximu ... | 2009 | 19167778 |
| expression analysis of phytohormone-regulated micrornas in rice, implying their regulation roles in plant hormone signaling. | twenty-two conserved mirnas were chosen to investigate the expression pattern in response to phytohormone treatments, in which the effects of five classic plant hormone stresses were surveyed in oryza sativa. the results showed that 11 mirnas were found to be dysregulated by one or more phytohormone treatments. the target genes of these mirnas were validated in vivo and their expression profiling were revealed. we also analyzed the promoter regions of the 22 conserved mirnas for phytohormone-res ... | 2009 | 19167382 |
| crossability barriers in the interspecific hybridization between oryza sativa and o. meyeriana. | oryza meyeriana baill (gg genome) is a precious germplasm in the tertiary gene pool of cultivated rice (aa genome), and possesses important traits such as resistance and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. however, interspecific crossability barrier, a critical bottleneck restricting genes transfer from o. meyeriana to cultivars has led to no hybrids through conventional reproduction. therefore, the reasons underlying incrossability were investigated in the present report. the results showed ... | 2009 | 19166490 |
| evidence for separate translocation pathways in determining cadmium accumulation in grain and aerial plant parts in rice. | cadmium (cd) translocation and accumulation in the grain and aerial plant parts of rice (oryza sativa l.) is an important aspect of food safety and phytoextraction in areas with contaminated soil. because control of cd translocation and accumulation is likely to be determined by the plants genetics, the cd contents of grain and the aerial parts of rice may be manipulated to improve food safety and for phytoextraction ability. this study studied cd translocation and accumulation and their genetic ... | 2009 | 19154618 |
| the vacuolar processing enzyme osvpe1 is required for efficient glutelin processing in rice. | rice (oryza sativa l.) accumulates prolamines and glutelins as its major storage proteins. glutelins are synthesized on rough endoplasmic reticulum as 57-kda precursors; they are then sorted into protein storage vacuoles where they are processed into acidic and basic subunits. we report a novel rice glutelin mutant, w379, which accumulates higher levels of the 57-kda glutelin precursor. genetic analysis revealed that the w379 phenotype is controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. using a ma ... | 2009 | 19154227 |
| deacidification of high free fatty acid-containing rice bran oil by non-conventional reesterification process. | rice bran (oryza sativa) oil is known for containing higher amount of free fatty acid (ffa) generated by hydrolytic enzyme. this ffa causes heavy neutral oil losses due to saponification and emulsification since it produces large amount of soap in the conventional alkali refining process. in the present study the ffa of degummed rice bran oil (rbo) was significantly reduced by reesterifying it with glycerol. the reesterification process was carried out by varying the temperature and amount of ex ... | 2009 | 19145058 |
| epidermal cell death in rice is confined to cells with a distinct molecular identity and is mediated by ethylene and h2o2 through an autoamplified signal pathway. | rice (oryza sativa) forms adventitious root primordia at stem nodes during normal development. root emergence is preceded by ethylene-induced, h(2)o(2)-mediated local death of epidermal cells. exogenous h(2)o(2) or enhancement of endogenous h(2)o(2) promoted epidermal cell death in a dose-dependent manner. inhibition of nadph oxidase lowered ethylene-induced cell death rates. inhibition of ethylene perception by 1-methylcyclopropene did not abolish h(2)o(2)-induced cell death, indicating that h( ... | 2009 | 19141708 |
| rice shoot branching requires an atp-binding cassette subfamily g protein. | * shoot branching is important for the establishment of plant architecture and productivity. * here, characterization of rice (oryza sativa) reduced culm number 1 (rcn1) mutants revealed that rcn1 positively controls shoot branching by promoting the outgrowth of lateral shoots. molecular studies revealed that rcn1 encodes a novel member of atp-binding cassette protein subfamily g (abcg subfamily), also known as the white-brown complex (wbc) subfamily, and is designated osabcg5. * rcn1 is express ... | 2009 | 19140940 |
| drought stress effects on root anatomical characteristics of rice cultivars (oryza sativa l.). | the objective of this study was to compare some aspects of root anatomy of rice cultivars under irrigation and submerged conditions. seedling of three new rice cultivars (zayande-rood, 829 and 216) were transferred to 9 lysiometers (200 x 120 x 100 cm) according to a randomized block design with two treatments (submerged and aerated condition) in three replicates. the amount of water consumption was recorded during growing season. cross-sections of plant roots were obtained at two different time ... | 2008 | 19137825 |
| spaceflight induces both transient and heritable alterations in dna methylation and gene expression in rice (oryza sativa l.). | spaceflight represents a complex environmental condition in which several interacting factors such as cosmic radiation, microgravity and space magnetic fields are involved, which may provoke stress responses and jeopardize genome integrity. given the inherent property of epigenetic modifications to respond to intrinsic as well as external perturbations, it is conceivable that epigenetic markers like dna methylation may undergo alterations in response to spaceflight. we report here that extensive ... | 2009 | 19135069 |
| bayesian multilocus association mapping on ordinal and censored traits and its application to the analysis of genetic variation among oryza sativa l. germplasms. | association mapping can be a powerful tool for detecting quantitative trait loci (qtls) without requiring line-crossing experiments. we previously proposed a bayesian approach for simultaneously mapping multiple qtls by a regression method that directly incorporates estimates of the population structure. in the present study, we extended our method to analyze ordinal and censored traits, since both types of traits are common in the evaluation of germplasm collections. ordinal-probit and tobit mo ... | 2009 | 19132337 |
| insight into the salt tolerance factors of a wild halophytic rice, porteresia coarctata: a physiological and proteomic approach. | salinity poses a serious threat to yield performance of cultivated rice in south asian countries. to understand the mechanism of salt-tolerance of the wild halophytic rice, porteresia coarctata in contrast to the salt-sensitive domesticated rice oryza sativa, we have compared p. coarctata with the domesticated o. sativa rice varieties under salinity stress with respect to several physiological parameters and changes in leaf protein expression. p. coarctata showed a better growth performance and ... | 2009 | 19130079 |
| a green fluorescent protein fused to rice prolamin forms protein body-like structures in transgenic rice. | prolamins, a group of rice (oryza sativa) seed storage proteins, are synthesized on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (er) and deposited in er-derived type i protein bodies (pb-is) in rice endosperm cells. the accumulation mechanism of prolamins, which do not possess the well-known er retention signal, remains unclear. in order to elucidate whether the accumulation of prolamin in the er requires seed-specific factors, the subcellular localization of the constitutively expressed green fluorescent p ... | 2009 | 19129168 |
| a transcriptome atlas of rice cell types uncovers cellular, functional and developmental hierarchies. | the functions of the plant body rely on interactions among distinct and nonequivalent cell types. the comparison of transcriptomes from different cell types should expose the transcriptional networks that underlie cellular attributes and contributions. using laser microdissection and microarray profiling, we have produced a cell type transcriptome atlas that includes 40 cell types from rice (oryza sativa) shoot, root and germinating seed at several developmental stages, providing patterns of cel ... | 2009 | 19122662 |
| isolation and some characteristics of lipoxygenase from aromatic brown rice (oryza sativa l.) cv. khao dawk mali 105. | lipoxygenase from khao dawk mali 105 aromatic brown rice was isolated by extracting brown rice liquid nitrogen powder using 0.2 m phosphate buffer ph 7, fractionating with 30-60% (nh(4))(2)so(4), dialyzing and gel filtration on sephadex g-200. the optimum phs for dialyzed lipoxygenase activity were around 7.5 and 9.5. the enzyme appeared to be completely inactivated after heating 30 min at 70 degrees c, 20 min at 80 degrees c and 10 min at 90 degrees c. the enzyme could be inhibited by mgcl(2), ... | 2009 | 19117206 |
| binding of 2ca1p (nocturnal inhibitor) to the active site of rubisco using genetic algorithm (ga). | ribulose-1, 5- bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase (rubisco) catalyzes the first step in net photosynthetic assimilation and photorespiratory carbon oxidation. the activity of this enzyme is modulated in response to changes in light intensity as suggested in a number of early reports. several studies found that the natural inhibitor 2ca1p is involved in the inhibition of the enzyme under reduced light intensity in rice (oryza sativa). due to the lack of studies and information on the interaction ... | 2009 | 20461160 |
| characterization of cadmium uptake and translocation in a cadmium-sensitive mutant of rice (oryza sativa l. ssp. japonica). | to understand the physiological mechanism that confers cd sensitivity/tolerance, cd uptake and translocation by cd-sensitive mutant and wild-type rice seedlings were characterized using radioactive tracer. time-dependent cd accumulation during 210 min was 1.8-fold higher in roots of the mutant than of wild-type rice. the kinetics of cd uptake showed that two processes were involved: a first, fast, probably passive process and a second, slower, possibly physiological process. after 96 h, more cd ... | 2009 | 19112560 |
| genetic analysis and fine-mapping of a dwarfing with withered leaf-tip mutant in rice. | a dwarf mutant of rice (oryza sativa l.) by mutagenesis of ethylene methylsulfonate (ems) treatment from nipponbare was identified. the mutant exhibited phenotypes of dwarfism and withered leaf tip (dwl1). based on the internode length of dwl1, this mutant belongs to the dm type of dwarfing. analysis of elongation of the second sheath and alpha-amylase activity in endosperm showed that the phenotype caused by dwl1 was insensitive to gibberellin acid treatment. using a large f2 population derived ... | 2008 | 19103426 |
| interactions of mixed organic contaminants in uptake by rice seedlings. | uptakes of o-chlorophenol (cp), 2,4-dichlorophenol (dcp), trichloroethylene (tce), and atrazine (atr), as single and mixed contaminants, by roots and shoots of rice seedlings (oryza sativa l.) from hydroponic solutions were measured following a 48-h exposure of plant roots. as single contaminants, the concentrations of cp, dcp, and atr in rice roots and shoots increased significantly with increasing concentrations in external solutions; however, tce concentrations in rice roots and shoots decrea ... | 2009 | 19095283 |
| anatomical and chemical alterations but not photosynthetic dynamics and apoplastic transport changes are involved in the brittleness culm mutation of rice. | brittleness culm is an important agronomic trait that has a potential usefulness in agricultural activity as animal forage although the developmental mechanism is not clear yet. in the present study, the anatomical and chemical characteristics as well as some ecophysiological features in the brittleness culm mutation of rice (oryza sativa l.) were investigated. compared with the wild type (wt), the brittleness culm mutant (bcm) exhibited higher culm vascular bundle distance and lower culm wall t ... | 2008 | 19093969 |
| analyses of advanced rice anther transcriptomes reveal global tapetum secretory functions and potential proteins for lipid exine formation. | the anthers in flowers perform important functions in sexual reproduction. several recent studies used microarrays to study anther transcriptomes to explore genes controlling anther development. to analyze the secretion and other functions of the tapetum, we produced transcriptomes of anthers of rice (oryza sativa subsp. japonica) at six progressive developmental stages and pollen with sequencing-by-synthesis technology. the transcriptomes included at least 18,000 unique transcripts, about 25% o ... | 2009 | 19091874 |
| microcalorimetric investigation on effects of la(iii) on metabolic activity of mitochondria isolated from hybrid rice. | rare earth elements (rees) have beneficial influence on plant growth and are widely used in agriculture practice, but little is known about the behavior of the rees in mitochondria of plant cell. thermogenic metabolic curves were determined by the ampoule method at 303 k using a tam air isothermal microcalorimeter in mitochondria isolated from hybrid rice liangyoupeijiu (oryza sativa l.), and the effect of la(iii) on its mitochondrial metabolism was investigated. from the obtained heat flux curv ... | 2008 | 19089826 |
| measurements of oxygen permeability coefficients of rice (oryza sativa l.) roots using a new perfusion technique. | a new approach is described to analyse the barrier properties of the outer part of rice (oryza sativa l.) roots towards oxygen. by using a root-sleeving o(2) electrode, radial oxygen loss at different distances from the root apex was measured and related to the corresponding root structure. in addition, internal oxygen concentrations were precisely adjusted using a newly developed perfusion technique. thus, the oxygen permeability coefficient of the outer part of the root (opr) could be calculat ... | 2009 | 19088333 |
| mapping metabolic and transcript temporal switches during germination in rice highlights specific transcription factors and the role of rna instability in the germination process. | transcriptome and metabolite profiling of rice (oryza sativa) embryo tissue during a detailed time course formed a foundation for examining transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes during germination. one hour after imbibition (hai), independent of changes in transcript levels, rapid changes in metabolism occurred, including increases in hexose phosphates, tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, and gamma-aminobutyric acid. later changes in the metabolome, including those involved in ca ... | 2009 | 19074628 |
| physicochemical rheological and thermal properties of njavara rice (oryza sativa) starch. | njavara rice starch was studied for its morphological, physicochemical, and thermal properties and was found to be different from the native chamba variety of rice. njavara rice starch has bigger granule and has a high (85 degrees c) gelatinization temperature and shows high thermal stability. the swelling power, solubility, water absorption capacity, and enthalpy of gelatinization were found to be high compared to the native rice starch. the 6% (w/v) njavara rice starch gel had 87.45% clarity a ... | 2008 | 19053396 |
| structural basis for gibberellin recognition by its receptor gid1. | gibberellins (gas) are phytohormones essential for many developmental processes in plants. a nuclear ga receptor, gibberellin insensitive dwarf1 (gid1), has a primary structure similar to that of the hormone-sensitive lipases (hsls). here we analyse the crystal structure of oryza sativa gid1 (osgid1) bound with ga(4) and ga(3) at 1.9 a resolution. the overall structure of both complexes shows an alpha/beta-hydrolase fold similar to that of hsls except for an amino-terminal lid. the ga-binding po ... | 2008 | 19037316 |
| ricd: a rice indica cdna database resource for rice functional genomics. | the oryza sativa l. indica subspecies is the most widely cultivated rice. during the last few years, we have collected over 20,000 putative full-length cdnas and over 40,000 ests isolated from various cdna libraries of two indica varieties guangluai 4 and minghui 63. a database of the rice indica cdnas was therefore built to provide a comprehensive web data source for searching and retrieving the indica cdna clones. | 2008 | 19036133 |
| arbuscular mycorrhiza-specific signaling in rice transcends the common symbiosis signaling pathway. | knowledge about signaling in arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) symbioses is currently restricted to the common symbiosis (sym) signaling pathway discovered in legumes. this pathway includes calcium as a second messenger and regulates both am and rhizobial symbioses. both monocotyledons and dicotyledons form symbiotic associations with am fungi, and although they differ markedly in the organization of their root systems, the morphology of colonization is similar. to identify and dissect am-specific sig ... | 2008 | 19033527 |
| arsenic in rice (oryza sativa l.) related to dynamics of arsenic and silicic acid in paddy soils. | paddy rice is a global staple food which in some circumstances can contain high levels of the toxic element arsenic (as). in order to elucidate factors influencing as dissolution in the soil solution during paddy rice cultivation, rice (oryza sativa l. "selenio") was cultivated to maturity in six paddy soils in the greenhouse in 2005 and 2006. concentrations of mn, fe, as, p, and silicic acid in soil solution and as concentrations in rice straw and polished rice grain were determined. there was ... | 2008 | 19031876 |
| natural selection on gene function drives the evolution of ltr retrotransposon families in the rice genome. | although the proliferation of ltr retrotransposons can cause major genomic modification and reorganization, the evolutionary dynamics that affect their frequency in host genomes are poorly understood. we analyzed patterns of genetic variation among ltr retrotransposons from oryza sativa to investigate the type of selective forces that potentially limit their amplification and subsequent population of a nuclear genome. we performed both intra- and interfamily analyses of patterns of molecular seq ... | 2009 | 19029538 |
| effects of ferric iron reduction and regeneration on nitrous oxide and methane emissions in a rice soil. | a laboratory soil slurry experiment and an outdoor pot experiment were conducted to study effects of ferric iron (fe(iii)) reduction and regeneration on nitrous oxide (n(2)o) and methane (ch(4)) emissions in a rice (oryza sativa l.) soil. the anoxic slurry experiment showed that enhancing microbial fe(iii) reduction by ferrihydrite amendment (40 mol fe g(-1)) transitionally stimulated n(2)o production and lowered ch(4) production by 16% during an initial 33-day incubation. increased regeneration ... | 2009 | 19027141 |
| effect of salinity stress on growth and carbohydrate metabolism in three rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars differing in salinity tolerance. | rice seedlings cv. khao dawk mali 105 (salt-sensitive), luang anan (moderately salt-tolerant) and pokkali (salt-tolerant) were exposed to 0, 50, 100 and 150 mm naci for 9 d. salinity stress caused reduction in leaf relative water contents in all cultivars. shoot length of cv. pokkali was least affected by salinity stress whereas increased root length in response to salinity stress was apparent in cvs. khao dawk mali 105 and luang anan. increased salinity level also caused reduction in fresh and ... | 2008 | 19024173 |
| fine mapping of the grain chalkiness qtl qpgwc-7 in rice (oryza sativa l.). | chalkiness of rice grain is an important quality component of rice, as it has a profound influence on eating and milling qualities. we has determined the inheritance of percentage of grain with chalkiness (pgwc) using a set of chromosome segment substitution lines, made from a cross between cv. pa64s and cv. 9311. two loci controlling pgwc, designated as qpgwc-6 and qpgwc-7, were located on, respectively, chromosomes 6 and 7. comparisons were made between c-51 (a cssl harbouring qpgwc-7 and havi ... | 2009 | 19020855 |
| osfrdl1 is a citrate transporter required for efficient translocation of iron in rice. | multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (mate) transporters represent a large family in plants, but their functions are poorly understood. here, we report the function of a rice (oryza sativa) mate gene (os03g0216700, osfrdl1), the closest homolog of barley (hordeum vulgare) hvaact1 (aluminum [al]-activated citrate transporter 1), in terms of metal stress (iron [fe] deficiency and al toxicity). this gene was mainly expressed in the roots and the expression level was not affected by either fe defi ... | 2009 | 19011004 |
| mechanisms associated with tolerance to flooding during germination and early seedling growth in rice (oryza sativa). | flooding slows seed germination, imposes fatalities and delays seedling establishment in direct-seeded rice. this study describes responses of contrasting rice genotypes subjected to flooding or low oxygen stress during germination and discusses the basis of tolerance shown by certain cultivars. | 2009 | 19001425 |
| interactions between selected pahs and the microbial community in rhizosphere of a paddy soil. | this study investigated the interaction of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), i.e., naphthalene (nap), phenanthrene (phn), and pyrene (pyr), with the microbial community in the rhizosphere of a paddy soil and the influence of the rice (oryza sativa) rhizosphere on the microbial community structure. a range of initial nap, phn and pyr levels in soil (50-200, 18-72, and 6.6-26.6 mg kg(-1), respectively) were prepared and the soil samples were then aged for 4 months (to yield pah concen ... | 2009 | 19000632 |
| transcriptomic profiling of mature embryo from an elite super-hybrid rice lyp9 and its parental lines. | the mature embryo of rice (oryza sativa, l.) is a synchronized and integrated tissue mass laying the foundation at molecular level for its growth, development, and differentiation toward a developing and ultimately a mature plant. we carried out an est (expressed-sequence-tags)-based transcriptomic study, aiming at gaining molecular insights into embryonic development of a rice hybrid triad-an elite hybrid rice lyp9 and its parental lines (93-11 and pa64s)-and possible relatedness to heterosis. | 2008 | 19000321 |
| comparative transcriptome analysis of arsenate and arsenite stresses in rice seedlings. | the effect of arsenic (as) exposure on genome-wide expression was examined in rice (oryza sativa l., ssp. indica). a group of defense and stress-responsive genes, transporters, heat-shock proteins, metallothioneins, sulfate-metabolizing proteins, and regulatory genes showed differential expression in rice seedlings challenged with arsenate (asv) and arsenite (asiii). asv stress led to upregulation or downregulation of an additional set of genes in comparison to asiii. differential expression of ... | 2009 | 18996570 |
| grassius: a platform for comparative regulatory genomics across the grasses. | transcription factors (tfs) are major players in gene regulatory networks and interactions between tfs and their target genes furnish spatiotemporal patterns of gene expression. establishing the architecture of regulatory networks requires gathering information on tfs, their targets in the genome, and the corresponding binding sites. we have developed grassius (grass regulatory information services) as a knowledge-based web resource that integrates information on tfs and gene promoters across th ... | 2009 | 18987217 |
| genome-wide identification and analysis of small rnas originated from natural antisense transcripts in oryza sativa. | natural antisense transcripts (nats) have been shown to play important roles in post-transcriptional regulation through the rna interference pathway. we have combined pyrophosphate-based high-throughput sequencing and computational analysis to identify and analyze, in genome scale, cis-nat and trans-nat small rnas that are derived under normal conditions and in response to drought and salt stresses in the staple plant oryza sativa. computationally, we identified 344 cis-nats and 7,142 trans-nats ... | 2009 | 18971307 |
| inheritance and alteration of genome methylation in f1 hybrid rice. | we analyzed the inheritance of dna methylation in the first filial generation(f1) hybrid of oryza sativa l. ("nipponbare"x"kasalath") by restriction landmark genome scanning (rlgs). most parental rlgs spots were found in the f1, but eight spots (4%) showed abnormal inheritance: seven of the eight spots were missing in the f1, and one was newly detected in the f1. here we show demethylation at restriction enzyme sites in the f1. we also found a candidate site of stable heterozygous methylation in ... | 2008 | 18958879 |
| retarded palea1 controls palea development and floral zygomorphy in rice. | poaceae, one of the largest flowering plant families in angiosperms, evolved distinct inflorescence and flower morphology diverging from eudicots and other monocots. however, the mechanism underlying the specification of flower morphology in grasses remains unclear. here we show that floral zygomorphy along the lemma-palea axis in rice (oryza sativa) is partially or indirectly determined by the cycloidea (cyc)-like homolog retarded palea1 (rep1), which regulates palea identity and development. t ... | 2009 | 18952859 |
| uptake and distribution of iodine in rice plants. | rice (oryza sativa l.) plants were cultivated in an experimental field and separated at harvest into different components, including polished rice, rice bran, hull, straw, and root. the contents of iodine in these components and the soil were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and radiochemical neutron activation analysis, respectively. iodine content varied by more than three orders of magnitude among the plant components. mean concentration of iodine in the entire plant ... | 2015 | 18948477 |
| the effects of water regime on phosphorus responses of rainfed lowland rice cultivars. | soil phosphorus (p) solubility declines sharply when a flooded soil drains, and an important component of rice (oryza sativa) adaptation to rainfed lowland environments is the ability to absorb and utilize p under such conditions. the aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that rice cultivars differ in their p responses between water regimes because p uptake mechanisms differ. | 2009 | 18945744 |
| sensitivity to a phytotoxin from rhizoctonia solani correlates with sheath blight susceptibility in rice. | abstract sheath blight is one of the most important and intractable diseases of rice (oryza sativa) where limited control has been achieved using traditional approaches. quantitative inheritance, extraneous traits, and environmental factors confound genetic analysis of host resistance. a method was developed to isolate and utilize a phytotoxin from rhizoctonia solani to investigate the genetics of sheath blight susceptibility. infiltration of the toxin preparation into plant leaves induced necro ... | 2007 | 18943678 |
| characterization, genetic structure, and pathogenicity of rhizoctonia spp. associated with rice sheath diseases in india. | abstract isolates of rhizoctonia spp. were obtained from rice in india during 2000-2003. characterization by conventional techniques and polymerase chain reaction showed that from 110 isolates, 99 were r. solani and 11 were r. oryzae-sativae. of 99 isolates identified as r. solani, 96 were ag1-ia, 1 was ag1-ib, and 2 were ag1-ic. amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analyzes were used to determine genetic relationships in rhizoctonia pathogen populations collected from different geograp ... | 2007 | 18943659 |
| genetic and physical mapping of the partial resistance gene, pi34, to blast in rice. | abstract partial resistance to rice blast in the oryza sativa japonica group cv. chubu 32 is controlled by pi34, a major quantitative trait locus (qtl) on chromosome 11, and several uncharacterized qtls. the objectives of the study were (i) high-resolution genetic and physical mapping of pi34 and (ii) identification of new qtl imparting resistance to rice blast. chubu 32 was crossed with a susceptible chromosomal segment substitution line (cssl) of cv. koshihikari. from 4,012 of segregating indi ... | 2007 | 18943579 |
| morphological and physiological responses of rice seedlings to complete submergence (flash flooding). | reducing damage to rice seedlings caused by flash flooding will improve the productivity of rainfed lowland rice in west africa. accordingly, the morphological and physiological responses of different forms of rice to complete submergence were examined in field and pot experiments to identify primary causes of damage. | 2009 | 18940854 |
| bc10, a duf266-containing and golgi-located type ii membrane protein, is required for cell-wall biosynthesis in rice (oryza sativa l.). | glycosyltransferases (gts) are one of the largest enzyme groups required for the synthesis of complex wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins in plants. however, due to the limited number of related mutants that have observable phenotypes, the biological function(s) of most gts in cell-wall biosynthesis and assembly have remained elusive. we report here the isolation and in-depth characterization of a brittle rice mutant, brittle culm 10 (bc10). bc10 plants show pleiotropic phenotypes, including ... | 2009 | 18939965 |
| cell differentiation in the longitudinal veins and formation of commissural veins in rice (oryza sativa) and maize (zea mays). | vascular development is a central theme in plant science. however, little is known about the mechanism of vascular development in monocotyledons (compared with dicotyledons). therefore, we investigated sequential processes of differentiation into various different vascular cells by carrying out detailed observations using serial sections of the bases of developing leaves of rice and maize. the developmental process of the longitudinal vascular bundles was divided into six stages in rice and five ... | 2008 | 18932023 |
| a genome-wide view of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (mites) in rice, oryza sativa ssp. japonica. | transposable elements (tes) have played important roles in the evolution of genes and genomes of higher eukaryotes. among the tes in the rice genome, miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (mites) exist at the highest copy number. some of mites in the rice genome contain poly(a) signals and putative cis-acting regulatory domains. insertion events of such mites may have caused many structural and functional changes of genomes. the genome-wide examination of mite-derived sequences could e ... | 2008 | 18931457 |
| [genetic analysis and gene mapping of an early flowering and multi-ovary mutant in rice (oryza sativa l.).]. | a rice floral mutant was obtained from a japonica variety zhonghua 11, which was characterized with the phenotype of more stamens, more pistils and early flowering. genetic analysis showed that the mutant phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene, which was designed as floral organ number 5 (fon5). to map fon5, an f2 population was derived from the cross between huajingxian 74 and fon5 mutant. gene fon5 was roughly mapped between the microsatellite markers rm400 and rm412 on chromosome ... | 2008 | 18930897 |
| osiris: an integrated promoter database for oryza sativa l. | rice (oryza sativa l.) is an important model monocot and cereal crop. while the rice genome sequence has been published and annotated, relatively little is known about the transcriptional networks that regulate rice gene expression. for this reason, we have developed osiris, a database containing promoter sequences, predicted transcription factor (tf) binding sites, gene ontology annotation and microarray expression data for 24 209 genes in the rice genome. these tools are seamlessly integrated ... | 2008 | 18922805 |
| futile na+ cycling at the root plasma membrane in rice (oryza sativa l.): kinetics, energetics, and relationship to salinity tolerance. | globally, over one-third of irrigated land is affected by salinity, including much of the land under lowland rice cultivation in the tropics, seriously compromising yields of this most important of crop species. however, there remains an insufficient understanding of the cellular basis of salt tolerance in rice. here, three methods of 24na+ tracer analysis were used to investigate primary na+ transport at the root plasma membrane in a salt-tolerant rice cultivar (pokkali) and a salt-sensitive cu ... | 2008 | 18854575 |
| pollution level in distillery effluent and its phytotoxic effect on seed germination and early growth of maize and rice. | the effluent from a lucknow- based distillery (mohan meakin distillery) was analyzed for physico-chemical and biological parameters of pollution and concentration of potentially toxic heavy metals (cd, cr, ni and zn) and the effect of the distillery effluent, as such and on 50% dilution with tap water was studied on seed germination and seedling growth of maize (zea mays l.) and rice (oryza sativa l.). the effluent was wine red in colour and highly acidic (ph approximately 55) and possessed deca ... | 2008 | 18831388 |
| regulation of the expression of ga-insensitive gene homolog by light in oryza sativa c.v. dongjin. | to understand the mechanism by which light regulates a gibberellin (ga)-insensitive gene in dongjinbyeo (oryza sativa cv dongjin), both green and etiolated dongjinbyeo seedlings were submerged in water and treated with ga. total rna from the seedlings was isolated and hybridized with cdna of a ga-insensitive gene homolog. the amount of transcript for the ga-insensitive gene homolog was higher in green seedlings than in etiolated seedlings in the absence of ga. however upon the addition of ga, gr ... | 2008 | 18831334 |
| estimation of combining ability for yield and yield components in rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars using diallel cross. | in order to estimate combining ability and gene action of a number of rice cultivars, a 5 x 5 half a diallel cross genetic design has been used. parents and their hybrids have been evaluated in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates for yield and 6 yield components in 2007 in rice research station of iran-amol. mean squares of genotypes for all traits were highly significant (p < 0.01). significant mean squares of combining ability for all traits showed additive and non-additive ef ... | 2008 | 18819539 |
| enhanced heat and drought tolerance in transgenic rice seedlings overexpressing oswrky11 under the control of hsp101 promoter. | an oswrky11 gene, which encodes a transcription factor with the wrky domain, was identified as one of the genes that was induced by both heat shock and drought stresses in seedlings of rice (oryza sativa l.). to determine if overexpression of oswrky11 confers heat and drought tolerance, oswrky11 cdna was fused to the promoter of hsp101 of rice and introduced into a rice cultivar sasanishiki. overexpression of oswrky11 was induced by heat treatment. after heat pretreatment, the transgenic lines s ... | 2009 | 18818929 |
| callus induction and in vitro plant regeneration of rice (oryza sativa l.) under various conditions. | the objective of the present study was to develop an effective protocol for optimum callus induction and complete plant regeneration for four varieties of rice (oryza sativa l.) i.e., super basmati, basmati-370, basmati-371 and fakhre malakand. calli were induced from mature seed scutelum. the murashige and skoog (ms) and chu's n6 media containing hormone 2, 4-d (2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) in different concentrations were used for callus induction. fakhre malakand produced maximum calli o ... | 2008 | 18817199 |
| effects of the activities of key enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis on the fine structure of amylopectin in developing rice (oryza sativa l.) endosperms. | the dynamic changes of the activities of enzymes involving in starch biosynthesis, including adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase (agpase), soluble starch synthases (sss), starch branching enzyme (sbe) and starch debranching enzymes (dbe) were studied, and changes of fine structure of amylopectin were characterized by isoamylase treatment during rice grain development, using trans anti-waxy gene rice plants. the relationships between the activities of those key enzymes were also analyzed. the amylose s ... | 2008 | 18815749 |
| loss of cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase limits photosynthetic sucrose synthesis and causes severe growth retardations in rice (oryza sativa). | during photosynthesis, triose-phosphates (triosep) exported from the chloroplast to the cytosol are converted to sucrose via cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cfbpase). expression analysis in rice suggests that oscfbp1 plays a major role in the cytosolic conversion of triosep to sucrose in leaves during the day. the isolated oscfbp1 mutants exhibited markedly decreased photosynthetic rates and severe growth retardation with reduced chlorophyll content, which results in plant death. analysis ... | 2008 | 18811733 |
| kt/hak/kup potassium transporters gene family and their whole-life cycle expression profile in rice (oryza sativa). | kt/hak/kup potassium transporter protein-encoding genes constitute a large family in the plant kingdom. the kt/hak/kup family is important for various physiological processes of plant life. in this study, we identified 27 potential kt/hak/kup family genes in rice (oryza sativa) by database searching. analysis of these kt/hak/kup family members identified three conserved motifs with unknown functions, and 11-15 trans-membrane segments, most of which are conserved. a total of 144 putative cis-elem ... | 2008 | 18810495 |
| molecular mapping of two reverse photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterility genes (rpms1 and rpms2) in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the reverse photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterility (pgms) and thermo-sensitive genic male sterility (tgms) lines have an opposite phenotype compared with normal pgms and tgms lines widely used by the two-line system in current hybrid rice seed production. thus, the application of reverse pgms and tgms lines can compensate pgms and tgms lines in hybrid rice production. yid1s is a reverse pgms line, in which pollen fertility is mainly regulated by day-length, but also influenced by temperature ... | 2008 | 18810384 |
| identification of quantitative trait loci for four morphologic traits under water stress in rice (oryza sativa l.). | late season drought coinciding with the rice booting to heading stage affects the development of plant height, panicle exsertion, and flag leaf size, and causes significant yield loss. in this study, a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between paddy and upland cultivars was used for data collection of the morphologic traits under well water and drought stress conditions. drought stress was applied at the stage of panicle initiation in the field in 2002 and at the booting st ... | 2008 | 18804076 |
| calcineurin b-like interacting protein kinase oscipk23 functions in pollination and drought stress responses in rice (oryza sativa l.). | drought is very harmful to grain yield due to its adverse effect on reproduction, especially on pollination process in rice. however, the molecular basis of such an effect still remains largely unknown. here, we report the role of a member of cbl (calcineurin b-like) interacting protein kinase (cipk) family, oscipk23, in pollination and stress responses in rice. molecular analyses revealed that it is mainly expressed in pistil and anther but up-regulated by pollination, as well as by treatments ... | 2008 | 18804072 |
| iron-fortified parboiled rice - a novel solution to high iron density in rice-based diets. | the present study pioneered an investigation of a novel and cost-effective approach to fortify fe in rice and to greatly improve fe nutrition in rice-based diets through parboiling, though it remains at its preliminary phase. rice grains of seven cultivars were parboiled in deionised water containing different levels of fe chelate made by mixing different proportions of fe sulfate (feso4) with ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid disodium salt (na2edta). adding fe to the parboiling water resulted in ... | 2008 | 26049231 |
| pullulanase from rice endosperm. | pullulanase (ec 3.2.1.41) in non-germinating seeds was compared with that in germinating seeds. moreover, pullulanase from the endosperm of rice (oryza sativa l., cv. hinohikari) seeds was isolated and its properties investigated. the pi value of pullulanase from seeds after 8 days of germination was almost equal to that from non-germinating seeds, which shows that these two enzymes are the same protein. therefore, the same pullulanase may play roles in both starch synthesis during ripening and ... | 2008 | 18787715 |
| sulfur starvation in rice: the effect on photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and oxidative stress protective pathways. | sulfur-deficient plants generate a lower yield and have a reduced nutritional value. the process of sulfur acquisition and assimilation play an integral role in plant metabolism, and response to sulfur deficiency involves a large number of plant constituents. rice (oryza sativa) is the second most consumed cereal grain, and the effects of sulfur deprivation in rice were analyzed by measuring changes in photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and antioxidants. the photosynthetic apparatus was se ... | 2008 | 18785901 |
| [genetic analysis and mapping of a rice white midrib mutant oswm2]. | a rice (oryza sativa l.) plant with white midrib (oswm2) was selected from the t-dna inserted mutant pool of rice. the basal midrib of the leaves in the mutant, except for the flag leaves, is white. the blade close to the white midrib is etiolated, and alterations of the agronomic traits, such as plant height, panicle length occur in the mutant. genetic analysis indicated that this mutant trait was controlled by a recessive nuclear gene. to map the oswm2 gene, an f2 population was constructed by ... | 2008 | 18779180 |
| [analysis on the characters of progenies of the rice transformed with anti-sense waxy gene]. | the segregation of exogenous genes was studied by hygromycin-resistant and pcr experiments in the transgenic rice (oryza sativa l. subsp. japonica and indica) with anti-sense waxy gene, meanwhile the change of amylose and waxy protein contents in progenies of transgenic rice was analyzed. the results showed no matter the rice guangjing no.1 (o. sativa l. subsp. japonica) were transformed by p13w4 plasmid carrying anti-sense waxy gene and hygromycin-resistant gene, or in the rice 01z5202 (o. sati ... | 2008 | 18779179 |
| genotypic variation in tolerance to elevated ozone in rice: dissection of distinct genetic factors linked to tolerance mechanisms. | tropospheric ozone concentrations are increasing in many asian countries and are expected to reach levels that adversely affect crop production. developing ozone-tolerant rice (oryza sativa l.) varieties is therefore essential to prevent yield losses in the future. the aims of this study were to assess genotypic variation for ozone tolerance in rice, to identify quantitative trait loci (qtl) conferring tolerance, and to relate qtls to physiological tolerance mechanisms. the response of 23 variet ... | 2008 | 18776183 |
| crystallographic characterization of the n-terminal domain of a plant nadph oxidase. | respiratory burst oxidase homologue (rboh), which is found in the plasma membrane, is a generator of reactive oxygen species (ros) in plants. many studies have indicated that the ros produced by rboh play critical roles in various cellular activities, including plant defence against pathogens. crystals of the n-terminal domain of oryza sativa rbohb (osrbohb) have been obtained. the crystals belonged to space group p2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 60.4, b = 72.2, c = 118.9 a. an inten ... | 2008 | 18765925 |
| genetic analysis and mapping of gene fzp(t) controlling spikelet differentiation in rice. | a mutant of spikelet differentiation in rice called frizzle panicle (fzp) was discovered in the progeny of a cross between oryza sativa ssp. indica cv. v20b and cv. hua1b. the mutant exhibits normal plant morphology but has apparently fewer tillers. the most striking change in fzp is that its spikelet differentiation is completely blocked, with unlimited subsequent rachis branches generated from the positions where spikelets normally develop in wild-type plants. genetic analysis suggests that fz ... | 2003 | 18763148 |
| genetic analysis and gene mapping of a rice few-tillering mutant in early backcross populations (oryza sativa l.). | a rice mutant, g069, characteristic of few tiller numbers, was found in anther culture progeny from the f(1) hybrid between an indica-japonica cross, gui630x02428. the mutant has another two major features: delayed tillering development and yellowing apex and margin on the mature leaves. as a donor parent, g069 was further backcrossed with the recurrent parent,02428, for two turns to develop abc (2)f(2) population. genetic analysis in the bc (2)f(2) population showed that the traits of few-tille ... | 2001 | 18763097 |
| relationship between leaf photosynthetic function at grain filling stage and yield in super high-yielding hybrid rice (oryza sativa. l). | the characteristics of dry matter production before and after heading and the relationships between photosynthesis of flag leaves and dry matter accumulation in panicles were investigated on super high-yielding rice cv. xieyou 9308 (the yield of up to 12 t/ha) with rice cv. xieyou 63 as a control. the results showed that (i) the capacity of dry matter production before and after heading in xieyou 9308, i.e. biomass and daily dry matter production, was remarkably higher than that in xieyou 63, es ... | 2002 | 18762896 |
| the transfer rna genes in oryza sativa l. ssp. indica. | the availability of the draft genome sequence of oryza sativa l. ssp. indica has made it possible to study the rice trna genes. a total of 596 trna genes, including 3 selenocysteine trna genes and one suppressor trna gene are identified in 127551 rice contigs. there are 45 species of trna genes and the revised wobble hypothesis proposed by guthrie and abelson is perfectly obeyed. the relationship between codon usage and the number of corresponding trna genes is discussed. redundancy may exist in ... | 2002 | 18759038 |
| negative phototropism of rice root and its influencing factors. | some characteristics of the rice (oryza sativa l.) root were found in the experiment of unilaterally irradiating the roots which were planted in water: (i) all the seminal roots, adventitious roots and their branched roots bent away from light, and their curvatures ranged from 25 degrees to 60 degrees . the curvature of adventitious root of the higher node was often larger than that of the lower node, and even larger than that of the seminal root, (ii) the negative phototropic bending of the ric ... | 2002 | 18759036 |
| identification of salt-stress responsive genes in rice (oryza sativa l.) by cdna array. | to identify salt stress-responsive genes, we constructed a cdna library with the salttolerant rice cultivar, lansheng. about 15000 plasmids were extracted and dotted on filters with biomeck 2000 hdrt system or by hand. thirty genes were identified to display altered expression levels responding to 150 mmol/l nacl. among them eighteen genes were up-regulated and the remainders downregulated. twenty-seven genes have their homologous genes in genbank databases. the expression of twelve genes was st ... | 2002 | 18759035 |
| characterization of photosynthesis, photoinhibition and the activities of c(4) pathway enzymes in a superhigh-yield rice, liangyoupeijiu. | characteristics of photosynthetic gas exchange, photoinhibition and c(4) pathway enzyme activities in both flag leaves and lemma were compared between a superhigh-yield rice (oryza sativa l.) hybrid, liangyoupeijiu and a traditional rice hybrid, shanyou63. liangyoupeijiu had a similar light saturated assimilation rate (asat) to shanyou63, but a much higher apparent quantum yield (aqy), carboxylation efficiency (ce) and quantum yield of co(2) fixation (phico(2)). liangyoupeijiu also showed a high ... | 2002 | 18759034 |
| characterization of internal structure of the nucleolar organizing region in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the genomic sequence of the nucleolar organizing region (nor) in rice has not been characterized fully because of the difficulty in assembling repetitive sequences in silico. here, we used a cytogenetic approach to elucidate the internal structure of the nor. we detected one locus of the 18s rrna genes on 'nipponbare' chromosome. high-resolution fiber-fluorescence in situ hybridization made it possible to visualize each rrna gene unit in the array of rrna genes. signals of pairs of alternating 1 ... | 2008 | 18758172 |
| dynamic proteomic analysis reveals a switch between central carbon metabolism and alcoholic fermentation in rice filling grains. | accumulation of reserve materials in filling grains involves the coordination of different metabolic and cellular processes, and understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the interconnections remains a major challenge for proteomics. rice (oryza sativa) is an excellent model for studying grain filling because of its importance as a staple food and the available genome sequence database. our observations showed that embryo differentiation and endosperm cellularization in developing rice s ... | 2008 | 18753281 |
| abnormal chloroplast development and growth inhibition in rice thioredoxin m knock-down plants. | plant cells contain several thioredoxin isoforms that are characterized by subcellular localization and substrate specificity. here, we describe the functional characterization of a rice (oryza sativa) thioredoxin m isoform (ostrxm) using a reverse genetics technique. ostrxm showed green tissue-specific and light-responsive mrna expression. ostrxm was localized in chloroplasts of rice mesophyll cells, and the recombinant protein showed dithiothreitol-dependent insulin beta-chain reduction activi ... | 2008 | 18723667 |
| prospect of the qtl-qsb-9tq utilized in molecular breeding program of japonica rice against sheath blight. | the major qtl-qsb-9(tq) conferring partial resistance to rice (oryza sativa l.) sheath blight (rhizoctonia solani kühn) has been verified on chromosome 9 of the indica rice cultivar, teqing. in this study, the prospect of this qtl utilized in molecular breeding program of japonica rice for sheath blight resistance was investigated. most of the japonica rice cultivars showed lower level of sheath blight resistance than the indica rice cultivars. at the corresponding site of qsb-9(tq), nine typica ... | 2008 | 18721787 |
| comparison of qtls for rice seedling morphology under different water supply conditions. | the variation of seedling characteristics under different water supply conditions is strongly associated with drought resistance in rice (oryza sativa l.) and a better elucidation of its genetics is helpful for improving rice drought resistance. ninetysix doubled-haploid (dh) rice lines of an indica and japonica cross were grown in both flooding and upland conditions and qtls for morphological traits at seedling stage were examined using 208 restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) and 76 ... | 2008 | 18721784 |
| alterations in cytosine methylation and species-specific transcription induced by interspecific hybridization between oryza sativa and o. officinalis. | interspecific hybridization and polyploidization may involve programmed genetic and epigenetic changes. in this study, we used the methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (msap) method to survey cytosine methylation alterations that occurred in f(1) hybrid and bc(1) progeny following interspecific hybridization between oryza sativa and o. officinalis. across all 316 parental methylated sites, 25 (7.9%) cytosine methylation alterations were detected in the f(1) and/or bc(1) progeny. thirty a ... | 2008 | 18719877 |
| effects of elevated co2 on growth, carbon assimilation, photosynthate accumulation and related enzymes in rice leaves during sink-source transition. | to study the effects of growing rice (oryza sativa l.) leaves under the treatment of the short-term elevated co(2) during the period of sink-source transition, several physiological processes such as dynamic changes in photosynthesis, photosynthate accumulation, enzyme activities (sucrose phosphate synthase (sps), and sucrose synthase (ss)), and their specific gene (sps1 and rsus1) expressions in both mature and developing leaf were measured. rice seedlings with fully expanded sixth leaf (marked ... | 2008 | 18713413 |
| cell-wall invertases from rice are differentially expressed in caryopsis during the grain filling stage. | cell-wall invertase plays an important role in sucrose partitioning between source and sink organs in higher plants. to investigate the role of cell-wall invertases for seed development in rice (oryza sativa l.), cdnas of three putative cell-wall invertase genes oscin1, oscin2 and oscin3 were isolated. semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed different expression patterns of the three genes in various rice tissues/organs. in developing caryopses, they e ... | 2008 | 18713381 |
| gene structure and expression of the high-affinity nitrate transport system in rice roots. | rice has a preference for uptake of ammonium over nitrate and can use ammonium-n efficiently. consequently, transporters mediating ammonium uptake have been extensively studied, but nitrate transporters have been largely ignored. recently, some reports have shown that rice also has high capacity to acquire nitrate from growth medium, so understanding the nitrate transport system in rice roots is very important for improving n use efficiency in rice. the present study identified four putative nrt ... | 2008 | 18713378 |
| biosynthetic mechanism of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and its relationship with delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid and methylglyoxal in aromatic rice (oryza sativa l.) callus. | 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-ap) was identified as the major flavor compound in aromatic rice varieties tainung 71 and 72. in order to understand the mechanism of 2-ap biosynthesis in aromatic rice, we studied the formation of putative precursors, delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid and methylglyoxal. the endogenous delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid contents of tainung 71 and 72 calli reached 191 to 276%, compared to nonaromatic rice tainung 67. in addition, calli of tainung 71 and 72 contained 1 ... | 2008 | 18680302 |
| a triallelic system of s5 is a major regulator of the reproductive barrier and compatibility of indica-japonica hybrids in rice. | hybrid sterility is a major form of postzygotic reproductive isolation. although reproductive isolation has been a key issue in evolutionary biology for many decades in a wide range of organisms, only very recently a few genes for reproductive isolation were identified. the asian cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) is divided into two subspecies, indica and japonica. hybrids between indica and japonica varieties are usually highly sterile. a special group of rice germplasm, referred to as wide-com ... | 2008 | 18678896 |
| new sine families from rice, ossn, with poly(a) at the 3' ends. | a database search of the sequences flanking a member of rice retrotransposon rire7 revealed that a 298-bp sequence in the region downstream of the member is a repetitive sequence interspersed in the genome of oryza sativa cv. nipponbare. most of the repetitive sequences were flanked by a direct repeat of a target-site sequence, about 14 bp in length. the consensus sequence, 293 bp in length, had no regions encoding any proteins but had sequence motifs of an internal promoter of rna polymerase ii ... | 2008 | 18670134 |
| cloning and expression analysis of rice sucrose transporter genes ossut2m and ossut5z. | two sucrose transporter (sut) cdnas, ossut2m and ossut5z, were isolated from rice (oryza sativa l.) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). sequencing results indicate they are 1,531 bp and 1,635 bp in length including complete open reading frame 1,506 bp and 1,608 bp, which encode 502 amino acids and 536 amino acids, respectively. the toppred program suggested that both sucrose transporter proteins, ossut2m and ossut5z, consist of potentially 12 transmembrane domains. semi- ... | 2008 | 18666953 |
| rice germination and seedling growth in the absence of oxygen. | higher plants are aerobic organisms which suffer from the oxygen deficiency imposed by partial or total submergence. however, some plant species have developed strategies to avoid or withstand severe oxygen shortage and, in some cases, the complete absence of oxygen (tissue anoxia) for considerable periods of time. | 2009 | 18660495 |
| bioaccumulation of heavy metals and two organochlorine pesticides (ddt and bhc) in crops irrigated with secondary treated waste water. | four crop plants oryza sativa (rice), solanum melongena (brinjal), spinacea oleracea (spinach) and raphanus sativus (radish) were grown to study the impact of secondary treated municipal waste water irrigation. these plants were grown in three plots each of 0.5 ha, and irrigated with secondary treated waste water from a sewage treatment plant. sludge from the same sewage treatment plant was applied as manure. cultivated plants were analyzed for accumulation of heavy metals and pesticides. result ... | 2009 | 18654831 |
| nh4+-stimulated and -inhibited components of k+ transport in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the disruption of k(+) transport and accumulation is symptomatic of nh(4)(+) toxicity in plants. in this study, the influence of k(+) supply (0.02-40 mm) and nitrogen source (10 mm nh(4)(+) or no(3)(-)) on root plasma membrane k(+) fluxes and cytosolic k(+) pools, plant growth, and whole-plant k(+) distribution in the nh(4)(+)-tolerant plant species rice (oryza sativa l.) was examined. using the radiotracer (42)k(+), tissue mineral analysis, and growth data, it is shown that rice is affected by ... | 2008 | 18653690 |
| genome-wide analysis of transposon insertion polymorphisms reveals intraspecific variation in cultivated rice. | insertions and precise eliminations of transposable elements generated numerous transposon insertion polymorphisms (tips) in rice (oryza sativa). we observed that tips represent more than 50% of large insertions and deletions (>100 bp) in the rice genome. using a comparative genomic approach, we identified 2,041 tips between the genomes of two cultivars, japonica nipponbare and indica 93-11. we also identified 691 tips between nipponbare and indica guangluai 4 in the 23-mb collinear regions of c ... | 2008 | 18650402 |
| microcalorimetric study of the effect of ce(iii) on metabolic activity of mitochondria isolated from indice rice 9311. | rare earth elements (rees) have beneficial influence on plant growth and are widely used in agriculture practice, but little is known about behavior of the rees on mitochondria in plant cells. thermogenic metabolic curves were determined by the ampoule method at 303 k using a tam air isothermal microcalorimeter in mitochondria isolated from indice rice 9311 (oryza sativa l.), and the effect of ce(iii) on mitochondrial metabolism was investigated. by analyzing the obtained heat flux curves, the c ... | 2008 | 18649319 |