| measurement of invasion by gentamicin resistance. | | 1994 | 7968625 |
| shigella flexneri: isolation of noninvasive mutants of gram-negative pathogens. | | 1994 | 7968634 |
| fatal shigella sepsis in a neutropenic patient. | bacteremia during infection with shigella is relatively rare and usually self-limited. bacteremia during shigellosis bearing a high fatality rate has been reported in young infants and in persons with malnutrition or with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. we report a case of shigella sonnei septicemia in a severely neutropenic patient who had fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, malnutrition, and dehydration. she died after five days despite intensive care. we emphasize that shigella should be ... | 1994 | 7969232 |
| asymptomatic shigella infections in a cohort of mexican children younger than two years of age. | the proportion of shigella infections that occur asymptomatically in young children has not been established. a community-based cohort study of 367 infants was followed prospectively by weekly home visits from january, 1990, through december, 1991. stool samples were collected weekly and when diarrhea occurred and were tested for shigella and other enteropathogens. there were 2925 child months of observation and 65 episodes of shigella infection. there were 3.1 episodes/100 child months during t ... | 1994 | 7970946 |
| the n-terminal domain of virg of agrobacterium tumefaciens: modelling and analysis of mutant phenotypes. | fourteen mutants in the n-terminal domain of virulence factor g (virg) were obtained by random mutagenesis. two mutants showed an altered phenotype, all others were non-functional. all mutants can still be phosphorylated and bind to dna. a 3-d model was built based on the coordinates of chemotaxis protein y (chey). many of the observed phenotypic changes of virg are explained qualitatively. combination of model building and biochemical information leads to the conclusion that the active sites of ... | 1994 | 7971952 |
| [the inorganic sorbent evirkhip for water decontamination]. | inorganic synthetic sorbent "evirhip" is recommended for eliminating of contaminants from water with varying degree of pollution. comparative evaluation was carried out of the activities of the synthetic sorbent, natural dispersive minerals and activated charcoals with their surfaces being variously modified, using a model of typical representatives of intestinal microorganisms (shigella sonnei, poliomyelitis type ii, sabin strain, viruses). under stationary conditions of interaction of 1% sorbe ... | 1994 | 7975550 |
| [the infectious etiology of acute diarrheal diseases in the republic of cuba, 1991]. | this study was carried out in 1991 to learn the behavior of enteropathogenic agents causing acute diarrheal diseases in cuba. 30 children, admitted in hospitals or seen in outpatient services for acute diarrheal diseases, were selected in each province taking into account that they had not received antibiotic or chemotherapy treatments in the previous 72 hours. feces samples were taken from all patients for virological, bacteriological, and parasitological studies, and results were sent to the p ... | 1993 | 7984819 |
| polymicrobial and recurrent bacteremia with shigella in a patient with aids. | shigella gastroenteritis is uncommon among hiv seropositive patients and may be complicated in some patients by bacteremia; s. flexneri being the most frequently detected serogroup. while recurrent salmonella bacteremia is common among hiv-seropositive patients, recurrent shigella bacteremia is not. we report here an hiv-seropositive patient with shigella gastroenteritis, polymicrobial bacteremia due to s. flexneri and s. boydii, and recurrent gastroenteritis and bacteremia with s. boydii. relap ... | 1994 | 7984973 |
| serum igg antibody responses to shigella invasion plasmid-coded antigens detected by immunoblot. | serum igg antibody responses to shigella invasion plasmid-coded antigens (ipa) from 58 shigella flexneri, s. sonnei, and s. dysenteriae infected swedish patients were investigated by immunoblot technique. intense responses to most components of ipa (ipas a, b, c, d, and virg-virulence determinant on sali fragment g of the plasmid) were evident in sera from s. flexneri infected patients. the strongest response was to ipa b and the weakest, to ipa d. in contrast, there were weaker responses to ipa ... | 1994 | 7984976 |
| diarrheal disease in peru after the introduction of cholera. | surveillance was conducted one day each week from december 1992 through may 1993 to determine the clinical features and etiology of diarrhea among a population in a suburban community of lima, peru. patients who had had three or more loose stools during the previous 24 hr were enrolled at a clinic located in the community or at a nearby regional hospital. a total of 143 cases of diarrhea were detected for an overall rate of 7.1 cases per 1,000 population. the enteropathogens isolated were vibrio ... | 1994 | 7985750 |
| methionine uptake and cytopathogenicity of viable but nonculturable shigella dysenteriae type 1. | a pathogenic strain of shigella dysenteriae type 1 was selected for study to elucidate the physiology and potential pathogenicity of organisms in the viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state in the environment. studies in our laboratory have shown that s. dysenteriae type 1 survives in laboratory microcosms in the vbnc state for long periods of time, i.e., more than 6 months. vbnc cells of s. dysenteriae type 1 were found to retain cytopathogenicity for cultured hela cells. to determine whether vbn ... | 1994 | 7986035 |
| regulatory effects of bifidobacteria on the growth of other colonic bacteria. | in the human large intestine bifidobacteria are a numerically important group of micro-organisms which are considered to exert a range of biological activities related to host health. one aspect is the inhibitory effect of these bacteria on other species, possibly excluding long term colonization by invasive pathogens. it has been suggested that the mechanism of inhibition carried out by bifidobacteria is related to the fermentative production of acids such as acetate and lactate. experiments re ... | 1994 | 7989269 |
| [a rapid specific reaction of the blood phagocytes to bacteria and the new possibilities for its diagnostic determination in infections]. | materials on the study of specific reaction of phagocytes, rapidly appearing after the contact of the body with soluble microbial substances, are presented. the study has established that of the reaction-inducing stimulus has a non-antigenic character and it acts directly on phagocytes. the method for the determination of phagocytic reaction by the ratio of the phagocytosis levels in the specific and control objects has been developed, which makes it possible to use a common diagnostic criterion ... | 1994 | 7992518 |
| a rapid test for infectious and inflammatory enteritis. | inflammatory illnesses are an indication for specific diagnostic studies and possible antimicrobial therapy. the presence of fecal leukocytes has been used as a marker of inflammatory diarrhea; however, microscopic examination of the fecal smear is unreliable if the specimen is transported, refrigerated, frozen, or collected by swab. | 1994 | 7993149 |
| [the choice of the method for determining the potential pathogenicity of shigellae]. | the biological characteristics of 196 shigella strains, isolated in regions with different levels of the geomagnetic field tension, were under study. strains able to adsorb congo red, characterized by antilysozyme activity, hydrophobic, resistant to gentamycin, monomycin, kanamycin, rifampicin were more frequently isolated in the regions with a higher tension of the field, this being confirmed by a stable correlation. the ability of shigellae to fix congo red correlated with the before signs and ... | 1993 | 7994535 |
| flies and water as reservoirs for bacterial enteropathogens in urban and rural areas in and around lahore, pakistan. | the study was conducted to isolate and characterize campylobacter, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli-labile toxin (etec-lt), shigella and salmonella in flies and water. the material for the study, flies (n = 300) and water samples (n = 148), was collected from different localities in and around lahore, pakistan. cultivation of the samples was performed on conventional standard media. membrane filtration technique was used for water prior to culture. determination of etec-lt was done by gm1 elisa. ... | 1994 | 7995353 |
| [shigellosis in a primary care practice]. | the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 47 patients infected with shigella in 3436 patients at a primary care clinic during 30 months were reviewed. most cases were seen during the winter. the prominent clinical features were abdominal pain (91.5%), headaches (72.5%), bloody diarrhea (66%), mucoid stools (63.8%), fever (53.2%) and 75% had 4-10 stools per day. most patients presented the first day of the illness (75%). s. sonnei has been found the most prevalent among 4 types of shige ... | 1994 | 7995566 |
| the actin-based motility of the facultative intracellular pathogen listeria monocytogenes. | the gram-positive bacterium listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular parasite that invades and multiplies within diverse eukaryotic cell types. an essential pathogenicity determinant is its ability to move in the host cell cytoplasm and to spread within tissues by directly passing from one cell to another. the propulsive force for intracellular movement is thought to be generated by continuous actin assembly at the rear end of the bacterium. moving bacteria that reach the plasma mem ... | 1994 | 7997157 |
| human t helper cells reactive with somatic bacterial antigens belong to the th1 subset. | the aim of this study was to characterize the cytokine secretion patterns of human t helper cells from healthy donors reactive with somatic antigens from various bacteria, the nematode anisakis and tetanus toxoid. from the peripheral blood of four healthy donors we have established 70 t cell lines reactive with antigens from yersinia, salmonella, morganella, klebsiella, serratia, escherichia, chlamydia, shigella, streptococcus, tetanus toxoid and anisakis, respectively. our results show that all ... | 1994 | 7997190 |
| family latrines and paediatric shigellosis in rural bangladesh: benefit or risk? | the potential benefits of installing excreta disposal facilities on the burden of paediatric diarrhoea in less-developed settings remain controversial. we conducted a longitudinal study to evaluate whether family latrines are associated with interruption of the transmission of shigellosis to younger children in rural bangladesh. | 1994 | 8002202 |
| immunological variants of the aerobactin-cloacin df13 outer membrane protein receptor iuta among enteric bacteria. | mouse monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were generated against a 76-kda iuta receptor of pathogenic avian escherichia coli 15972. six of the eight iuta-specific mabs isolated (ab1 to ab6) were shown to be directed toward membrane-exposed conformational epitopes, although they did not interfere with the uptake of ferric aerobactin and cloacin df13 as assessed by competition experiments with purified ligands. the two remaining iuta mabs (ab9 and ab10) recognized linear epitopes buried in the iuta molec ... | 1994 | 8005691 |
| [synthesis and antibacterial activities of 1-amino-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(substituted) piperazinyl-3-quinolinecarboxylic acids and their derivatives]. | the title compounds 6-24 were obtained by the reaction of 5 with corresponding benzaldehydes. 5 was prepared with ethyl 7-chloro-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3- quinolinecarboxylate by hydrolysis, amination and condensation with piperazine. anti-bacterial activities of 5-24 were tested in vitro. | 1993 | 8010004 |
| synthesis and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of a tetra- and a hexa-saccharide fragment of the o-specific polysaccharide of shigella dysenteriae type 1. | the synthesis of the tetra- and hexa-saccharide methyl glycosides alpha-d-galp-(1-->3)-alpha-d-glcpnac-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->3)- alpha-l-rhap- ome (1), and alpha-l-rhap-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->2)-alpha-d-galp-(1--> 3)-alpha-d-glcpnac- (1-->3)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhap-ome (3) is described, which represent various epitopes of the o-specific polysaccharide of shigella dysenteriae type 1. the following monosaccharide intermediates were used: 1,3-di-o-acetyl-2-o-benzoyl-4-o-benzyl-alph ... | 1994 | 8013005 |
| an outbreak of shigellosis in a slum colony of delhi-1990. | | 1993 | 8014439 |
| production of dogik: an improved ogi (nigerian fermented weaning food) with potentials for use in diarrhoea control. | as part of a programme to formulate foods to aid the control of diarrhoeal diseases, an improved ogi (the commonest weaning food in nigeria) named dogik has been developed. dogik was produced by using lactobacillus starter cultures with antimicrobial activity against diarrhoeagenic bacteria and also possessing amylolytic activity. the survival of diarrhoeagenic bacteria was investigated in locally-fermented ogi and in dogik. the foods were inoculated with cell suspensions of salmonella, shigella ... | 1994 | 8015024 |
| [current epidemiological concepts of the mechanism of the development of the epidemic process in sonne diphtheria]. | | 1994 | 8017113 |
| cloning and sequencing of sara of staphylococcus aureus, a gene required for the expression of agr. | to evaluate the effect of a sar mutation on the agr locus, northern (rna) blotting was performed to determine the levels of rnaiii, the agr regulatory molecule, in two isogenic pairs of staphylococcus aureus strains. our results demonstrated that rnaiii was either significantly diminished or absent in both sar mutants compared with the parents. the rnaiii level was partially restored in sar mutants complemented with an intact sar gene (designated sara). additionally, we were able to complement s ... | 1994 | 8021198 |
| a role for h-ns in the thermo-osmotic regulation of virulence gene expression in shigella flexneri. | the role of the hns gene (coding for the curved-dna-binding protein h-ns) in the thermo-osmotic regulation of shigella flexneri virulence gene transcription was investigated. two structural genes, mxic and icsb, which are transcribed divergently on the high-molecular-weight virulence plasmid, were found to be transcriptionally inhibited in cultures grown in a low-osmolarity medium, even at the inducing temperature. this repression was relieved by inactivation of the hns gene, establishing a role ... | 1994 | 8021202 |
| acute gastroenteritis in latin america. | in latin america, acute gastroenteritis remains to be an important cause of morbidity in adults and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. a child under 5 years of age belonging to a low income segment of the latin american population will develop 5 to 10 bouts of diarrhea every year. the bacterial and viral enteropathogens associated with acute diarrhea are reviewed in this article. updated information on epidemiologic, clinical, and pathogenic aspects for the relevant enteropath ... | 1994 | 8021450 |
| shigellosis in neonates and young infants. | to determine the clinical features and outcome of shigellosis in young infants, we reviewed the hospital records of 159 infants < or = 3 months of age (including 30 neonates) and 159 children 1 to 10 years of age with shigellosis who were admitted to the diarrhoea treatment centre in dacca, bangladesh. infants more commonly had a history of nonbloody diarrhea (82.8% vs 42.7%; p < 0.001), moderate or severe dehydration (59.9% vs 32.1%; p < 0.001), or bacteremia (12.0% vs 5.0%; p = 0.027) and less ... | 1994 | 8021764 |
| immunopathological patterns in the rectal mucosa of patients with shigellosis: expression of hla-dr antigens and t-lymphocyte subsets. | expression of hla-dr antigens and infiltration of t-lymphocyte subsets (cd4, cd8), cell activation marker (cd25), b cells (cd20), macrophages (cd68 and ber-mac 3) and natural killer cells (cd56) in the rectal mucosa of patients with bacillary dysentery and in healthy controls were studied in an effort to interpret the immunopathological changes taking place in the rectal mucosa during the acute phase of shigellosis. the epithelium of the rectal mucosa from 21 of 32 patients was hla-dr+. conventi ... | 1994 | 8024739 |
| [the antagonistic activity of the bacterial flora in feed in relation to the causative agent of diarrhea in calves]. | antagonistic activity of 264 strains (6 species) of aerobic bacilli as well as 45 strains (3 species) of bacteria from genera chromobacterium and pseudomonas has been studied. they were isolated from the fodder at the farms of ukraine five regions in 1986-1992 in respect to 128 strains (17 species) of genera escherichia, proteus, salmonella, shigella and pasteurella, isolated by the authors from feces of calf with symptoms of diarrhea. high antagonistic activity of bacillus polymyxa 168 (zone of ... | 1993 | 8025695 |
| evaluation of rapid one system for identification of 379 strains in the family enterobacteriaceae and oxidase-negative, gram-negative nonfermenters. | the ability of the rapid one system (innovative diagnostic systems, inc., norcross, ga.) to identify 364 strains in the family enterobacteriaceae and 15 oxidase-negative, gram-negative, nonfermentative rods was evaluated. kits were inoculated with no. 2 mcfarland standard suspensions, and reactions were interpreted after 4 h of incubation at 35 degrees c. overall, the method correctly identified (to the species level or to the genus level for salmonellas and non-shigella sonnei shigella species) ... | 1994 | 8027345 |
| infectious disease surveillance during emergency relief to bhutanese refugees in nepal. | to implement simplified infectious disease surveillance and epidemic disease control during the relocation of bhutanese refugees to nepal. | 1994 | 8028169 |
| nucleotide sequence of the pseudomonas aeruginosa insertion sequence is222: another member of the is3 family. | sequence analysis of the pseudomonas aeruginosa insertion sequence element is222 revealed it to be 1234 bp in size with 23 bp imperfect terminal inverted repeats. insertion caused a 5-bp duplication of the insertion site. two orfs were identified, one of which, orfa, could encode a basic (pi 10.5) polypeptide with a mass of 11,709. this sequence bears strong homology to the putative orfa product from the shigella dysenteriae insertion sequence element is911, which is a member of the is3 family o ... | 1994 | 8029330 |
| [various approaches to treatment of dysentery in children]. | the clinical process, etiological pattern and results of antibacterial therapy of dysentery in 1105 children were analyzed by hospital records for the last 25 years. significant changes in the etiology of dysentery were revealed. in the 1960s shigella flexneri prevailed (56.3 per cent) and in the 1970-1990s shigella sonnei prevailed (69.9 to 74.6 per cent) whereas the percentage of newcastle dysentery was low and stable (1.5 to 8.7 per cent). simultaneously, there were changes in antibiotic sens ... | 1993 | 8031196 |
| [plasmids of antibiotic-resistant strains of shigella isolated in leningrad and leningrad region]. | sensitivity of 232 strains of shigella spp. isolated in leningrad and the leningrad region in 1984-1989 (193 strains of s. sonnei and 39 strains of s. flexneri) was tested by the method of serial dilutions with respect to 14 antibacterial drugs. 94 per cent of the isolates were resistant to 2 and more antibiotics, strains resistant to streptomycin and tetracycline being the most frequent, i.e. 94 and 91.8 per cent respectively. among the 6 antibiotic resistance spectra detected, 2 predominated, ... | 1993 | 8031203 |
| [microbial drug resistance and the presence of plasmids in salmonella strains isolated from different sources]. | to establish the relationship between the presence of plasmid and their antimicrobial resistance of salmonella strains. | 1994 | 8031884 |
| an update on shigella vaccines. | recent advances in the understanding of the molecular virulence mechanisms of shigella have helped to develop a new generation of candidate shigella vaccines. approaches that are currently under active study include construction of hybrid shigella-e. coli strains, performance of attenuating mutations in vitro on natural shigella strains and acellular, lipopolysaccharide-based vaccines. | 1994 | 8034510 |
| approaches to vector control: new and trusted. 4. appropriate technology for vector control: impregnated bed nets, polystyrene beads and fly traps. | there are social, economic and entomological problems with conventional insecticidal spraying methods for vector control. there is therefore interest in alternative technologies, especially the impregnation of bed nets with pyrethroid insecticides against malaria vectors. this method is cheap, socially acceptable and effective where bed nets are already widely used and where malaria transmission is not very intense. in holoendemic areas, and where people consider bed nets unaffordable, there are ... | 1994 | 8036653 |
| ompa-fmdv vp1 fusion proteins: production, cell surface exposure and immune responses to the major antigenic domain of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | exposure at the bacterial outer surface of the major antigenic epitope of the foot-and-mouth disease (fmdv) viral protein vp1 was studied using protein fusion with outer membrane protein a (ompa) of shigella dysenteriae for production and transport of the foreign polypeptide to the outer membrane of escherichia coli. fusion constructs with vp1 peptide insertions of up to 56 amino acids in the third outer domain of ompa could be demonstrated on the bacterial surface by indirect immunofluorescence ... | 1994 | 8036821 |
| outpatient studies of the safety and immunogenicity of an auxotrophic escherichia coli k-12-shigella flexneri 2a hybrid vaccine candidate, ecsf2a-2. | a phase ii study was conducted in 244 volunteers at fort ord, ca, to determine the safety and immunogenicity of ecsf2a-2, a live, oral shigella vaccine constructed by transfer of genes from shigella flexneri to escherichia coli k-12. in this placebo-controlled study, four doses of vaccine ranging from 2.3 to 9.0 x 10(8) colony-forming units were given on days 0, 3, 14 and 17. vaccine shedding occurred from 1 to 3 days after each dose. the vaccine was well tolerated at every dose tested. signific ... | 1994 | 8036831 |
| [l-transforming effect of biseptol on cells of shigella sonnei and flexneri]. | possible l-transformation of shigella under the action of biseptol on an artificial nutrient medium was investigated. the l-forms were isolated from 6 out of 35 cultures. by the morphological properties the isolates were similar to the l-forms of shigella flexneri induced by furazolidone. the growth of the l-forms proceeded by the pattern of the rapid mass l-conversion of bacteria and was accompanied by the development of resistance to biseptol. it was inhibited by folic acid added to the medium ... | 1993 | 8037576 |
| epithelial cell invasion and adherence directed by the enterotoxigenic escherichia coli tib locus is associated with a 104-kilodalton outer membrane protein. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) is capable of invading epithelial cell lines derived from the human colon and ileocecum. two separate loci (tia and tib) that direct noninvasive e. coli hb101 to adhere to and invade intestinal epithelial cells have previously been cosmid cloned from etec h10407. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of cellular fractions from tib-positive hb101 shows that the tib locus directs the synthesis of a 104-kda outer membrane protein ... | 1994 | 8039917 |
| the effect of shiga toxin and sonicates of shigella isolates from children with neurologic manifestation on neuroblastoma cell lines. | although neurologic manifestations are frequent during childhood shigellosis, their pathogenesis is unclear and controversial. shiga toxin and other cytotoxins are often implicated, but their effect on neuronal cells has not been determined. we examined the effect of purified shiga toxin and sonicates of shigella isolates from children with neurologic symptoms on well-characterized human neuroblastoma cells in vitro. quantitative determinations showed high cytotoxicity of shiga toxin on hela cel ... | 1994 | 8045741 |
| molecular and functional characterization of the salmonella typhimurium invasion genes invb and invc: homology of invc to the f0f1 atpase family of proteins. | entry into intestinal epithelial cells is an essential step in the pathogenesis of salmonella infections. our laboratory has previously identified a genetic locus, inv, that is necessary for efficient entry of salmonella typhimurium into cultured epithelial cells. we have carried out a molecular and functional analysis of invb and invc, two members of this locus. the nucleotide sequence of these genes indicated that invb and invc encode polypeptides with molecular masses of 15 and 47 kda, respec ... | 1994 | 8045880 |
| yscu, a yersinia enterocolitica inner membrane protein involved in yop secretion. | pathogenic yersiniae secrete antihost yop proteins by a recently discovered secretion pathway which is also encountered in several animal and plant pathogens. the components of the export machinery are encoded by the vira (lcra), virb (lcrb), and virc (lcrc) loci of the 70-kb pyv plasmid. in the present paper we describe yscu, the last gene of the virb locus. we determined the dna sequence and mutated the gene on the pyv plasmid. after inactivation of yscu, the mutant strain was unable to secret ... | 1994 | 8045883 |
| vacc, a virulence-associated chromosomal locus of shigella flexneri, is homologous to tgt, a gene encoding trna-guanine transglycosylase (tgt) of escherichia coli k-12. | the genetic determinants required for invasion of epithelial cells by shigella flexneri and for the subsequent bacterial spreading are encoded by the large virulence plasmid. expression of the virulence genes is under the control of various genes on the large plasmid as well as on the chromosome. we previously identified one of the virulence-associated loci near phobr in the noti-c fragment of the chromosome of s. flexneri 2a ysh6000 and designated the locus vacc. the vacc mutant showed decrease ... | 1994 | 8045893 |
| characterization of r plasmids from shigella sonnei in taiwan. | plasmids of 70mda from 6 shigella sonnei isolates originating in kaohsiung, taiwan were found. all of them encoded resistance to chloramphenicol and tetracycline. these plasmids belonged to the h ii incompatibility group. the fertility inhibition property of plasmids was the fi- type. restriction endonuclease analysis revealed the six plasmids all had identical restriction patterns with bamh i, hind iii and nru i. all six plasmids carried the type i chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene and the ... | 1993 | 8046780 |
| a swimming-associated outbreak of hemorrhagic colitis caused by escherichia coli o157:h7 and shigella sonnei. | in the summer of 1991, simultaneous outbreaks of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome caused by escherichia coli o157:h7 and of bloody diarrhea caused by shigella sonnei were traced to a lakeside park near portland, oregon. | 1994 | 8047082 |
| [comparison of five methods of disinfection of disposable petri dishes]. | the use of disposable materials in the clinical laboratories has significantly reduced the use of glass and other reusable materials, due to their low cost. however, the increase in its price has demanded to reuse them in laboratories from developing countries. the purpose of this prospective and parallel trial was to determine the efficacy of disinfection of five procedures among 7088 petri dishes (pd) filled with selective media for gram negative organisms (macconkey, xld and salmonella-shigel ... | 1993 | 8047725 |
| comparison of pivmecillinam and nalidixic acid in the treatment of acute shigellosis in children. | the efficacy of oral pivmecillinam was compared with nalidixic acid in the treatment of acute shigellosis in children 1-8 years of age. in a double-blind trial we studied 80 comparable children with bloody diarrhoea of less than 3 days' duration. shigella spp. was isolated in 71 children. patients were randomly assigned to receive either pivmecillinam, 50 mg/kg.day, or nalidixic acid, 60 mg/kg.day, both given orally for 5 days. the stool frequency decreased progressively in both treatment groups ... | 1994 | 8047805 |
| moose soup shigellosis in alaska. | following a community gathering held in early september 1991, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred in galena, alaska. we conducted an epidemiologic investigation to determine the cause of the outbreak. a case of gastroenteritis was defined as diarrhea or at least 2 other symptoms of gastrointestinal illness occurring in a galena resident within a week of the gathering. control subjects included asymptomatic residents who either resided with an affected person or were contacted by us during a ... | 1994 | 8048226 |
| identification of shigella species in stool specimens by dna amplification of different loci of the shigella virulence plasmid. | the sensitivity and specificity of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for detection of dna sequences specific to shigella spp. and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) in stools was evaluated. stool specimens were obtained from patients with acute gastroenteritis before and after antibiotic treatment. fecal material was pre-incubated in phosphate-buffered saline, gram-negative broth or brain heart infusion (bhi) broth, and dna was extracted and amplified. primers complementary to the ial or t ... | 1994 | 8050436 |
| evaluation of two new chromogenic media for detection of salmonella in stools. | a clinical collaborative study was conducted to compare two new chromogenic agar media, rambach agar and the salmonella detection and identification medium (smid) (biomérieux, france), with two conventional media, salmonella-shigella agar and hektoen agar. thirty-nine salmonella strains involving 14 serotypes were isolated from 1,454 stool specimens. after enrichment in a selective broth, 100% sensitivity was obtained with each medium. the smid and rambach agars are considerably more specific th ... | 1994 | 8050441 |
| characterization of endemic shigella flexneri strains in somalia: antimicrobial resistance, plasmid profiles, and serotype correlation. | one hundred twelve shigella flexneri strain isolated from children with diarrheal disease in somalia in 1983, 1984, 1988, and 1989 were analyzed for serotype, plasmid profile, and genetic location of antimicrobial resistance determinants. the prevalent serotypes were 4 (46% of the isolates), 1b (16%), 2a (16%), 3a (12%), and 6 (8%). each serotype was associated with a characteristic predominant plasmid profile, whereas no specific correlation between antimicrobial resistance patterns and single ... | 1994 | 8051242 |
| constitutive expression of the virulence genes improves the efficiency of plant transformation by agrobacterium. | inducible virulence (vir) genes of the agrobacterium tumefaciens tumor-inducing (ti) plasmid are under control of a two-component regulatory system. in response to environmental factors (phenolic compounds, sugars, ph) vira protein phosphorylates virg, which in turn interacts with the promoters of other vir genes, causing induction. a mutation of virg, virgn54d (which codes for a asn-54-->asp amino acid change in the product), causes constitutive expression of other vir genes independent of vira ... | 1994 | 8052627 |
| comparative efficacy of pivmecillinam and cotrimoxazole in acute shigellosis in children. | in a prospective randomized double-blind trial, pivmecillinam was compared with cotrimoxazole (tmp-smx), both given orally for a period of 5 days, for the treatment of 59 children with shigellosis. 29 patients were treated with pivmecillinam and 30 with cotrimoxazole. 14% of shigella organisms isolated were resistant to pivmecillinam and 21% to tmp-smx. the diarrhea persisted for a mean (+/- sd) period of 74 +/- 24.8 h in the pivmecillinam-treated patients versus 73.8 +/- 34 h in the tmp-smx-tre ... | 1993 | 8052810 |
| detailed structural characterization of lipid a: electrospray ionization coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. | previous studies have defined specific functional relationships within monophosphoryl lipid a (mla) preparations. to extend this understanding to all contributing entities, mla samples have been structurally characterized using electrospray ionization, collision-induced dissociation (cid), and tandem mass spectrometry (ms/ms). mla profiles of salmonella minnesota re595 have been compared with shigella flexneri for sample type and component distribution. in excess of 20 individual structures comp ... | 1994 | 8053569 |
| aids and the gut. | there are increasing challenges for the practising gastroenterologist in treating aids-related gastrointestinal diseases. the differential diagnoses of dysphagia and odynophagia include cytomegalovirus (cmv) and herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection, non-specific aphthous ulceration and non-aids oesophageal diseases, especially reflux oesophagitis. chronic subacute abdominal pain with nausea, vomiting, early satiety and weight loss is suggestive of an obstructive lesion caused by lymphoma or kapo ... | 1994 | 8054532 |
| a mutation in the receiver domain of the agrobacterium tumefaciens transcriptional regulator virg increases its affinity for operator dna. | we fused the wild-type agrobacterium tumefaciens virg gene and the constitutive virgn54d allele to the male gene of escherichia coli, and studied the binding of mbp-virg fusions to the autoregulated virg promoter. mbp-virgn54d protein bound this promoter with 10-fold higher affinity than mbp-virg, and bound to vir box i with eightfold higher affinity than to vir box iii. disruption of vir box iii did not alter the affinity for vir box i, suggesting a lack of cooperativity between these sites. we ... | 1994 | 8057837 |
| deregulation of temperature-dependent transcription of the invasion regulatory gene, virb, in shigella by rho mutation. | expression of the virb gene, the transcriptional regulator for the invasion genes encoded by the large plasmid of shigella flexneri, is temperature-regulated. virb transcription is under the control of virf and h-ns, which act as positive and negative regulators, respectively, and is highly responsive to changes in dna superhelicity. to further investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the thermoregulation of virb transcription, a mutant which expressed an invasion phenotype at both 30 deg ... | 1994 | 8057851 |
| molecular characterization of intact, but cryptic, flagellin genes in the genus shigella. | flagellin genes (flic) were detected in two species of the genus shigella. the flicsf gene cloned from shigella flexneri produced normal-type flagella in an escherichia coli delta flic strain while the flicss genes from two shigella sonnei strains produced curly-type flagella and their expression is repressible by salmonella flja repressor. the flicsf gene (1650 bp) shared high similarity with the e. coli flice gene not only in the 5' and 3' constant sequences but also in the upstream and downst ... | 1994 | 8057852 |
| animal models for immunoglobulin a secretion. | | 1994 | 8057892 |
| experimental keratoconjunctivitis (sereny) assay. | | 1994 | 8057912 |
| [the role of secondary immunodeficiencies in the development of a protracted course of acute dysentery]. | an opinion on the expediency of working out criteria for dividing acute dysentery patients into risk groups, depending on the development of immune deficiency, has been put forward. the results of the study of some characteristics of t-cell immunity system in 228 acute dysentery patients in relation to their clinical state are presented. measurements of total active t lymphocytes, t helpers and t suppressors have been made. disturbances in the immunity characteristics under study, more pronounce ... | 1993 | 8059562 |
| [a morphological evaluation of the protective properties of noninvasive recombinant strains of shigella]. | in 2-3 weeks after the oral immunization of rabbits, made in one or two administrations, with attenuated two-marker s. dysenteriae 1 strain vs-12 and recombinant s. dysenteriae vs-12/s. sonnei nr-18 and s. flexneri y433/s. sonnei nr-18 pronounced immunological reaction developed in the mucous membrane of the small intestine: blast transformation follicles of peyer's patches, an increase in the number of lymphoblasts and plasmocytes in the cupolae of follicles and in intestinal villi, and an incr ... | 1993 | 8059565 |
| the shigella paradigm and colitis due to enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli. | | 1994 | 8063211 |
| identification and characterization of a salmonella typhimurium oxygen-regulated gene required for bacterial internalization. | growth of salmonella typhimurium in a low-oxygen environment induces the ability of these bacteria to enter mammalian cells. we have carried out a search for invasion genes that are expressed under low-oxygen conditions by using tn5laczy transcriptional fusions. several noninvasive oxygen-regulated laczy insertion strains have been identified. the invasion defect in one of these noninvasive s. typhimurium strains, bj66, has been complemented by introduction of a cosmid (pbdj125) from an s. typhi ... | 1994 | 8063389 |
| [prevalence of enteropathogens in children with liquid diarrhea]. | between january 1 and october 31, 1991 148 samples of feces corresponding to the same number of children with acute diarrhea, aged 0-2 years, admitted to hospital o'horan of the secretariat of health in the city of merida, yucatan, mexico, were studied. stools from 105 (70.9%) patients were described as watery diarrhea; from these samples at least one enteric pathogen was detected in 49 (46.6%): a single pathogen was isolated in 37 (35.2%), and mixed infections were observed in 12 (11.4%). we is ... | 1993 | 8066329 |
| [the characteristics of the antibiotic therapy of acute dysentery in an immunodeficiency body state in children with leukopenia]. | course of the disease and some indices of immunity were studied in 100 children with sonne's and flexner's dysentery. parameters of immunity in 32 children (the 1st group) were normal. 68 patients (the 2-nd group) had secondary immune deficiency and leukopenia. recovery of immunodeficient children in use of antibiotics and prodigiosan was slowed down by 5.2 days as compared to that of children without immunodeficiency. antibiotics used in combination with lysozyme in patients of the 1st group re ... | 1994 | 8067000 |
| [a morphological evaluation of the harmlessness of noninvasive recombinant shigella strains]. | the interaction of shigella recombinant strains (with attenuating chromosomal mutations, with transposon-neutralized plasmid gene mutations, the hybrids of both strains), incapable of inducing keratoconjunctivitis in guinea pigs, with cells hep-2 and enterocytes in the ligated loop of the small intestine of rabbits was studied. these strains retained, to varying extent, pronounced adhesiveness, but practically lost their invasiveness (though in peyer's patches the translocation of bacteria by m- ... | 1993 | 8067094 |
| [an immunoenzyme method for determining iga antibodies to lipopolysaccharide in secretions in the diagnosis of shigellosis]. | iga antibodies to s. sonnei and s. flexneri lipopolysaccharides (lps) in secretions, as well as escherichia coli lps in coprofiltrates of children with acute diarrhea, were determined with the use of enzyme immunoassay (eia). in adult patients with dysentery serum and salivary anti-lps antibodies were assayed. the results of eia showed that children aged up to 18 months had an elevated level of lps of the causative agent in their coprofiltrates. the specificity of this assay permitted its use fo ... | 1993 | 8067099 |
| [a mathematical model of the seasonal morbidity of shigellosis]. | a new epidemiologically significant mathematical model for the prognosis of seasonal morbidity in dysentery caused by s. flexneri and s. sonnei has been developed. this model may be used for solving problems on the epidemiology of shigella infections. in this model quantitative ratios are determined by means of the system of nonlinear integral-differential equations in partial derivatives of the first order with edge conditions of the integral type. this model makes it possible to make multiple ... | 1993 | 8067113 |
| [the optimization of the technology for culturing vaccinal strains of shigella flexneri]. | the drainage-filling cultivation process for three shigella flexneri vaccine strains in small-capacity fermenters has been developed. the study has shown that after hydroxylamine treatment the yield of the antigenic component, calculated per 1000 million microbial cells, is tenfold higher in comparison with the traditional method. | 1993 | 8067146 |
| [the therapeutic efficacy of sodium nucleinate and monoribonucleotides based on keratoconjunctival test data]. | the possibility of using sodium nucleinate for the treatment of acute dysentery has been confirmed in experiments on guinea pigs with the use of the keratoconjunctival test as an experimental model. the capacity of sodium nucleinate to enhance the antibiotic sensitivity of shigellae isolated from infected eyes to kanamycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol has been established. the effect produced by individual ribonucleotides contained in sodium nucleinate have been studied and found to be diff ... | 1993 | 8067149 |
| [the screening detection of the antigens of pathogenic enterobacteria in the biological fluids of patients with chronic intestinal diseases]. | screening detection of the antigens of some pathogenic enterobacteria in the coagglutination test with the use of shigella (s. sonnei, s. flexneri 2a, 1b, 6), salmonella (groups a, b, c, d, e) and yersinia (y. pseudotuberculosis, serovars i and iii, y. enterocolitica 03 and 09) diagnostica in patients with chronic enteric diseases, hospitalized in a noninfectious ward, has demonstrated a high incidence of the above antigens. s. flexneri antigens have shown the highest detection rate. the results ... | 1993 | 8067151 |
| epidemiology of shigella infections in two ethnic groups in a geographic region in southern israel. | the epidemiology of shigellosis in the jewish and bedouin populations that coexist in the same geographic region in southern israel and share the same medical facilities but live separately under different socioeconomic conditions was examined in a retrospective, culture-based study. the average annual attack rate for the four-year period 1989-1992 was 368/100,000 inhabitants. the average annual attack rate among the jews, who enjoy western socioeconomic conditions, was 413/100,000 and the disea ... | 1994 | 8070448 |
| outbreak of shigella flexneri 2a infections on a cruise ship. | | 1994 | 8072477 |
| [bacterial dysentery in 1992]. | | 1994 | 8073150 |
| short-course norfloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment of shigellosis and salmonellosis in egypt. | in a double-blind clinical study, 109 adult egyptian patients infected with shigella spp. and 45 infected with salmonella spp. were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: 1) norfloxacin in a single 800-mg dose, 2) norfloxacin, 400 mg twice a day for three days, and 3) trimethoprim (160 mg)-sulfamethoxazole (800 mg) (tmp-smx), twice a day for three days. among shigella-infected patients, diarrheal symptoms had resolved in 86-97% and bacteriologic failure (repeat positive stool culture) occu ... | 1994 | 8074256 |
| two-year study of endemic enteric pathogens associated with acute diarrhea in new caledonia. | a longitudinal study of diarrheal disease among patients of all ages with acute diarrhea was carried out in new caledonia from january 1990 to december 1991. stool samples from 2,088 diarrheal patients were examined for parasites, rotavirus, and bacterial pathogens. potential sources of contamination (drinking water, seawater and bovine and porcine feces) were investigated. one or more enteric pathogens were identified in 41.8 and 40.6% of the persons with diarrhea, in 1990 and 1991, respectivel ... | 1994 | 8077399 |
| rapid biochemical screening for salmonella, shigella, yersinia, and aeromonas isolates from stool specimens. | four screens for the rapid (4 to 6 h) biochemical detection of pathogens from enteric isolation media are described. the salmonella screen consisted of kligler iron agar (kia), motility-indole-urea-tryptophan-deamination semisolid medium (miu-tda), and the o-nitrophenyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside (onpg) test; the shigella screen consisted of kia, miu-tda, the onpg test, and the lysine decarboxylation-indole test; the yersinia screen consisted of a rhamnose broth; the aeromonas screen consisted of ... | 1994 | 8077408 |
| intractable diarrhoea of infancy and its management: modified cost effective treatment. | one-hundred-twenty infants under 1 year of age suffering from intractable diarrhoea were studied. they had received prior treatment in the form of antimicrobials (100 per cent), stool binding substance (50 percent), antimotility agents (50 per cent), and intravenous (iv) fluids (33 per cent). one-third of them had been hospitalised in peripheral hospitals. all of them had diarrhoea of more than 2 weeks' duration, protein energy malnutrition and were very ill. in addition vomiting, dehydration, f ... | 1994 | 8078114 |
| [diagnosis and treatment of infections of the digestive system in hiv-infected patients]. | patients with hiv infection often suffer from opportunistic and bacterial infections of the digestive tract. the most common agents are candida albicans, herpes simplex and cytomegalovirus, mycobacterium avium intracellulare, cryptosporidium parvum, and enteropathogenic bacteria such as salmonella, shigella and campylobacter. the diagnosis is established by means of microbiological examination of blood and faeces, often supplemented by gastrointestinal endoscopy, with mucosal biopsies for cultur ... | 1994 | 8079228 |
| [the microbiological aspects of using enterosorbents in acute intestinal infections]. | we observed 60 patients with acute flexner's dysentery and salmonellosis. complex treatment included enterosorbents; enterosgel, activated carbon and polyfepan. the results showed that co-administration of enterosgel as compared to that of activated carbon and polyfepan resulted in more vigorous elimination of pathogens. in patients with acute dysentery enterosgel when used at the background of nitroflurane therapy potentiated the latter. enterosorbents improved also body resistance in enteric i ... | 1993 | 8079486 |
| [the mechanism of the resistance of shigella sonnei to the action of high temperatures]. | | 1993 | 8079535 |
| [an analysis of the plasmid profile of a collection of strains for the bacteriocin typing of shigella sonnei]. | | 1993 | 8079539 |
| [the seasonality of flexner dysentery among preschoolers]. | | 1993 | 8079549 |
| [the role of the water factor of transmission in the spread of viral hepatitis a and dysentery under the conditions in an industrial city]. | | 1993 | 8079557 |
| [l-forms of the dysentery bacteria in models of shigella and non-shigella infections]. | | 1993 | 8079561 |
| [an analysis of infectious morbidity on the province level of the epidemiological health service (exemplified by shigellosis)]. | | 1993 | 8079564 |
| molecular and cellular mechanisms of tissue invasion by shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri, a member of the family of enterobacteriaceae, causes bacillary dysentery by invading the human colonic mucosa and provoking a very intense inflammation. recent in vitro data allow us to integrate different phenomena into a model of the infectious process during shigellosis. in vivo, bacteria appear to enter the submucosa via the m cells, specialized cells that cover the follicular structures of the intestinal mucosa. once inside the submucosa, shigellae encounter resident tiss ... | 1994 | 8080171 |
| effective stimulation of the mucosal immune response by parenteral vaccination with weak antigen associated with a nucleoprotein vehicle. | | 1994 | 8080208 |
| protection against invasion of the mouse pulmonary epithelium by a monoclonal iga directed against shigella flexneri lipopolysaccharide. | | 1994 | 8080209 |
| immunogenicity of two types of shigella flexneri 2a o-specific polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugates. | | 1994 | 8080210 |
| dot-elisa for seroepidemiological study of exposure to shigella flexneri. | a seroepidemiological study for determining serum antibodies to lipopolysaccharides (lps) of shigella flexneri using dot--elisa was carried out in krabi province, thailand, from january 1989 to december 1990. from 363 serum samples obtained from cord blood and from venous blood of the healthy persons aged from 6 months to over 50 years, 56% and 22%, respectively, were found to be positive for specific igg and igm antibodies to s. flexneri lps. the igg prevalence was initially detected at 3-4 yea ... | 1993 | 8080607 |
| inhibition of agrobacterium tumefaciens oncogenicity by the osa gene of psa. | the incw plasmid psa originally derived from shigella flexneri completely inhibits the tumor-inducing ability of agrobacterium tumefaciens when it is resident in this organism. oncogenic inhibition is mediated through the expression of the osa gene on psa. this gene is part of a 3.1-kb dna segment of psa that contains four open reading frames revealed by sequencing. specific deletions and tncat insertions within this segment localized the oncogenic inhibitory activity to the last open reading fr ... | 1994 | 8083162 |
| interleukin 1 is released by murine macrophages during apoptosis induced by shigella flexneri. | peritoneal macrophages undergoing apoptosis induced by shigella flexneri infection release the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 (il-1), but not il-6 or tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf alpha). wild type shigella causes a very fast and significant release of il-1 from prestimulated peritoneal macrophages, before the cell's integrity is compromised. both il-1 alpha and il-1 beta are released, il-1 beta in its mature processed form. il-1 is released from presynthesized cytoplasmic pools. these r ... | 1994 | 8083373 |
| health status of displaced persons following civil war--burundi, december 1993-january 1994. | in burundi (1990 population: 5.7 million), located in central-east africa, seasonal epidemics of dysentery caused by shigella dysenteriae type 1 (sd1) have been documented each year since 1980. the assassination of the president of burundi on october 21, 1993, resulted in widespread violence involving major tribal groups. by december, an estimated 130,000 persons had become displaced within the country, and approximately 683,000 persons had fled to rwanda, tanzania, or zaire. many displaced pers ... | 1994 | 8084334 |