| adhesion ability of campylobacter jejuni to ht-29 cells increases with the augmentation of oxidant agent concentration. | campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) is a leading cause of human enteritis worldwide and the most frequently reported zoonotic agent in the european union. despite the fact that c. jejuni is a microaerobic bacteria, known as a fragile one, it is able to survive through adverse conditions such as oxidative stress. the purpose of this study was first to test the oxidative stress resistance in 22 c. jejuni strains of various origins, and to compare adhesive and invasive abilities of four selected strai ... | 2010 | 20419374 |
| detailed in vivo analysis of the role of helicobacter pylori fur in colonization and disease. | helicobacter pylori persistently colonizes the harsh and dynamic environment of the stomach in over one-half of the world's population and has been identified as a causal agent in a spectrum of pathologies that range from gastritis to invasive adenocarcinoma. the ferric uptake regulator (fur) is one of the few regulatory proteins that has been identified in h. pylori. fur regulates genes important for acid acclimation and oxidative stress and has been shown to be important for colonization of h. ... | 2010 | 20421381 |
| characterization of the specific interaction between sialoadhesin and sialylated campylobacter jejuni lipooligosaccharides. | in campylobacter jejuni-induced guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), molecular mimicry between c. jejuni lipooligosaccharide (los) and host gangliosides leads to the production of cross-reactive antibodies directed against the peripheral nerves of the host. currently, the presence of surface exposed sialylated los in c. jejuni is the single known bacterial pathogenesis factor associated with the development of gbs. using a unique, well-characterized strain collection, we demonstrate that gbs-associate ... | 2010 | 20421384 |
| molecular structure of wlbb, a bacterial n-acetyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of 2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-d-mannuronic acid . | the pathogenic bacteria pseudomonas aeruginosa and bordetella pertussis contain in their outer membranes the rare sugar 2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-d-mannuronic acid. five enzymes are required for the biosynthesis of this sugar starting from udp-n-acetylglucosamine. one of these, referred to as wlbb, is an n-acetyltransferase that converts udp-2-acetamido-3-amino-2,3-dideoxy-d-glucuronic acid (udp-glcnac3na) to udp-2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-d-glucuronic acid (udp-glcnac3naca). here we report t ... | 2010 | 20433200 |
| survival of campylobacter jejuni on raw chicken legs packed in high-oxygen or high-carbon dioxide atmosphere after the decontamination with lactic acid/sodium lactate buffer. | quantitative risk assessment studies performed elsewhere showed the importance of reducing counts of campylobacter jejuni on chicken carcasses for decrease of incidence of human campylobacteriosis. the current study indicated that 1.8 log cfu/g reduction of inoculated c. jejuni (6 log cfu/g) can be achieved by decontamination with lactic acid buffered with sodium lacatate (la/nala, 10% w/v, ph 3.0). subsequent packaging under modified atmosphere of 80% o(2)/20%n(2) resulted in additional reducti ... | 2010 | 20434228 |
| a rapid protein folding assay for the bacterial periplasm. | an array of genetic screens and selections has been developed for reporting protein folding and solubility in the cytoplasm of living cells. however, there are currently no analogous folding assays for the bacterial periplasm, despite the significance of this compartment for the expression of recombinant proteins, especially those requiring important posttranslational modifications (e.g., disulfide bond formation). here, we describe an engineered genetic selection for monitoring protein folding ... | 2010 | 20440843 |
| n-linked glycoengineering for human therapeutic proteins in bacteria. | approx. 70% of human therapeutic proteins are n-linked glycoproteins, and therefore host cells for production must contain the relevant protein modification machinery. the discovery and characterisation of the n-linked glycosylation pathway in the pathogenic bacterium campylobacter jejuni, and subsequently its functional transfer to escherichia coli, presents the opportunity of using prokaryotes as cell factories for therapeutic protein production. not only could bacteria reduce costs and increa ... | 2010 | 20449632 |
| extracellular hsp90 serves as a co-factor for mapk activation and latent viral gene expression during de novo infection by kshv. | the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is the causative agent of kaposi's sarcoma (ks), an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. kshv interaction with the cell membrane triggers activation of specific intracellular signal transduction pathways to facilitate virus entry, nuclear trafficking, and ultimately viral oncogene expression. extracellular heat shock protein 90 localizes to the cell surface (cshsp90) and facilitates signal transduction in can ... | 2010 | 20451233 |
| characterization of probiotic strains: an application as feed additives in poultry against campylobacter jejuni. | campylobacteriosis is at present the most frequent zoonosis in humans and the main source is poultry meat contaminated by campylobacter jejuni. an alternative and effective approach to antibiotic administration to livestock to reduce bacterial contamination is the use of probiotics, which can help to improve the natural defence of animals against pathogenic bacteria. in this study 55 lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria were screened for desirable properties for their application as probiotic ... | 2010 | 20452074 |
| highly discriminatory single-nucleotide polymorphism interrogation of escherichia coli by use of allele-specific real-time pcr and eburst analysis. | in total, 782 escherichia coli strains originating from various host sources have been analyzed in this study by using a highly discriminatory single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp) approach. a set of eight snps, with a discrimination value (simpson's index of diversity [d]) of 0.96, was determined using the minimum snps software, based on sequences of housekeeping genes from the e. coli multilocus sequence typing (mlst) database. allele-specific real-time pcr was used to screen 114 e. coli isolat ... | 2010 | 20453128 |
| increase in acid tolerance of campylobacter jejuni through coincubation with amoebae. | campylobacter jejuni is a recognized and common gastrointestinal pathogen in most parts of the world. human infections are often food borne, and the bacterium is frequent among poultry and other food animals. however, much less is known about the epidemiology of c. jejuni in the environment and what mechanisms the bacterium depends on to tolerate low ph. the sensitive nature of c. jejuni stands in contrast to the fact that it is difficult to eradicate from poultry production, and even more contr ... | 2010 | 20453130 |
| association study between an outbreak of guillain-barre syndrome in jilin, china, and preceding campylobacter jejuni infection. | from june to july 2007, 36 cases of guillain-barre syndrome (gbs) occurred in a township in north china. serological study and bacteria culture were performed to investigate the association between preceding campylobacter jejuni infection and this gbs outbreak. anti-c. jejuni antibodies were found in significantly higher numbers of gbs patients (igm 84%, igg 87.5%) than in healthy inspection cases (igm 33%, igg 27%). igg anti-gm1 was the dominant anti-ganglioside antibody among the gbs patients. ... | 2010 | 20455754 |
| nucleic acid sensing receptors in systemic lupus erythematosus: development of novel dna- and/or rna-like analogues for treating lupus. | double-stranded (ds) dna, dna- or rna-associated nucleoproteins are the primary autoimmune targets in sle, yet their relative inability to trigger similar autoimmune responses in experimental animals has fascinated scientists for decades. while many cellular proteins bind non-specifically negatively charged nucleic acids, it was discovered only recently that several intracellular proteins are involved directly in innate recognition of exogenous dna or rna, or cytosol-residing dna or rna viruses. ... | 2010 | 20456414 |
| overexpression of the reca gene decreases oral but not intraperitoneal fitness of salmonella enterica. | transcription of the salmonella enterica reca gene is negatively controlled by the lexa protein, the repressor of the sos response. the introduction of a mutation (recao6869) in the lexa binding site, in the promoter region of the s. enterica atcc 14028 reca gene, allowed the analysis of the effect that reca protein overproduction has on the fitness of this virulent strain. the fitness of orally but not intraperitoneally inoculated recao6869 cells decreased dramatically. however, the sos respons ... | 2010 | 20457791 |
| systematic review and meta-analysis of saccharomyces boulardii in adult patients. | this article reviews the evidence for efficacy and safety of saccharomyces boulardii (s. boulardii) for various disease indications in adults based on the peer-reviewed, randomized clinical trials and pre-clinical studies from the published medical literature (medline, clinical trial websites and meeting abstracts) between 1976 and 2009. for meta-analysis, only randomized, blinded controlled trials unrestricted by language were included. pre-clinical studies, volunteer studies and uncontrolled s ... | 2010 | 20458757 |
| intestinal mucus protects campylobacter jejuni in the ceca of colonized broiler chickens against the bactericidal effects of medium-chain fatty acids. | campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of bacterial-mediated diarrheal disease worldwide. because poultry and poultry products are a major source of c. jejuni infections in humans, efforts should be taken to develop strategies to decrease campylobacter shedding during primary production. for this purpose, the efficacy of medium-chain fatty acids (mcfa) as feed additives to control c. jejuni colonization in broiler chickens was analyzed. first, the antimicrobial activity of the mcfa caproi ... | 2010 | 20460660 |
| cytochrome p450 2d6 as a model antigen. | cytochrome p450 2d6 (cyp2d6) has been identified as the major autoantigen in type 2 autoimmune hepatitis (aih). however, because of a lack of appropriate animal models, the etiology of aih is still poorly understood. we generated a mouse model for aih using the human cyp2d6 as a triggering molecule for autoimmunity. we infected wild-type fvb mice with an adenovirus expressing human cyp2d6 (ad-2d6) to break self-tolerance to the mouse cyp2d6 homologues. ad-2d6-infected mice showed persistent feat ... | 2010 | 20460894 |
| purified chicken intestinal mucin attenuates campylobacter jejuni pathogenicity in vitro. | campylobacter jejuni is a major causative agent of diarrhoeal disease worldwide in the human population. in contrast, heavy colonization of poultry typically does not lead to disease and colonized chickens are a major source of campylobacter infections in humans. previously, we have shown that chicken (but not human) intestinal mucus inhibits c. jejuni internalization. in this study, we test the hypothesis that chicken mucin, the main component of mucus, is responsible for this inhibition of c. ... | 2010 | 20466838 |
| variation among genome sequences of h37rv strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis from multiple laboratories. | the publication of the complete genome sequence for mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv in 1998 has had a great impact on the research community. nonetheless, it is suspected that genetic differences have arisen in stocks of h37rv that are maintained in different laboratories. in order to assess the consistency of the genome sequences among h37rv strains in use and the extent to which they have diverged from the original strain sequenced, we carried out whole-genome sequencing on six strains of h37 ... | 2010 | 20472797 |
| campylobacter jejuni and salmonella in raw red meats: a public health laboratory service survey. | thirty-one laboratories examined a total of 6169 meat samples, 1236 from abattoirs and 4933 from retail and other outlets. campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 98 (1.6%). a higher isolation rate of 49/1236 (4.0%) was found among abattoir than among retail and other samples (49/4933-1.0%). twenty-two of the laboratories looked for salmonella; although 94/4002 (2.3%) were positive, in only one sample of minced beef were campylobacter and salmonella found together. isolation rates for salmonellae ... | 1982 | 20475890 |
| an evaluation of survival and detection of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli in broiler caecal contents using culture-based methods. | to evaluate the culture specifications of the 2008 eu baseline survey for campylobacter spp. in broiler flocks at slaughter, by assessing the detection of thermophilic campylobacter in chicken caecal contents by culture on selective agar with or without enrichment culture. additionally, to assess the impact of sample storage time on campylobacter detection. | 2010 | 20477898 |
| characteristics of lipo-oligosaccharide loci of campylobacter jejuni isolates associated with guillain-barré syndrome from hebei, china. | ganglioside mimicry by c.jejuni lipo-oligosaccharides (los) could induce the production of autoantibodies against gangliosides and the development of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). the los biosynthesis region exhibits significant variation with different strains. using pcr amplifications of genes from published los loci and sequencing the los biosynthesis loci, the eight gbs-associated c. jejuni strains from hebei could be classified into four classes. the expression of sialylated los structures ... | 2010 | 20480006 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter isolates from humans and chickens in bahir dar, ethiopia. | in this study, the isolation and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains from chickens and humans in bahir dar, ethiopia, were analyzed. two hundred and ten human and 220 chicken samples were analyzed between october 2007 and april 2008. seventeen human and 160 chicken campylobacter species were isolated. the overall prevalence of thermophilic campylobacters was 8% and 72.7% in humans and chickens, respectively. in humans, 94.1% of the isolates were c. jej ... | 2010 | 20482228 |
| muc2 protects against lethal infectious colitis by disassociating pathogenic and commensal bacteria from the colonic mucosa. | despite recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of attaching and effacing (a/e) escherichia coli infections, the mechanisms by which the host defends against these microbes are unclear. the goal of this study was to determine the role of goblet cell-derived muc2, the major intestinal secretory mucin and primary component of the mucus layer, in host protection against a/e pathogens. to assess the role of muc2 during a/e bacterial infections, we inoculated muc2 deficient (muc2(-/- ... | 2010 | 20485566 |
| biological activity of modified and exchanged 2-amino-5-nitrothiazole amide analogues of nitazoxanide. | head group analogues of the antibacterial and antiparasitic drug nitazoxanide (ntz) are presented. a library of 39 analogues was synthesized and assayed for their ability to suppress growth of helicobacter pylori, campylobacter jejuni, clostridium difficile and inhibit ntz target pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (pfor). two head groups assayed recapitulated ntz activity and possessed improved activity over their 2-amino-5-nitrothiazole counterparts, demonstrating that head group modification i ... | 2010 | 20488706 |
| genotyping and pcr detection of potential virulence genes in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates from different sources in poland. | the prevalence of potential virulence markers was determined among the population of polish campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates from children, chickens, pigs and dogs. the presence of the flaa, flab, cdta, cdtb, cdtc, cdtabc, virb11, and cj0588 genes among 74 c. jejuni and 15 c. coli isolates was detected by pcr. high prevalence of five different putative virulence and toxin genes (flaa, cdta, cdtb, cdtc, and cj0588) was found among isolates obtained from children, chickens and ... | 2010 | 20490760 |
| risk factors for sporadic campylobacter jejuni infections in children in a greek region. | a case-control study was conducted in the urban area of attica, greece to investigate risk factors for sporadic campylobacter jejuni infections in children aged <15 years. over a 2-year period, 205 cases and 205 controls, matched by age group (<1, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14 years) and gender, were selected from the registries of the paediatric hospitals of this area. in conditional multivariate logistic regression analysis, ethnicity [odds ratio (or) 5·06, 95% confidence interval (ci) 2·49-10·28], consumpt ... | 2010 | 20492748 |
| simple sequence repeats and genome plasticity in streptococcus agalactiae. | simple sequence repeats (ssrs) and their role in phase variation have been extensively studied in gram-negative organisms, where they have been associated with antigenic variation and other adaptation strategies. in this study, we apply comparative genomics in order to find evidence of slipped-strand mispairing in the human gram-positive pathogen streptococcus agalactiae. in two consecutive screenings, 2,233 (650 + 1,583) ssrs were identified in our reference genome 2603v/r, and these loci were ... | 2010 | 20494995 |
| bench-to-bedside review: vaccine protection strategies during pandemic flu outbreaks. | vaccination is the most effective means for the prevention of influenza, including pandemic strains. an ideal pandemic influenza vaccine should provide effective protection with the fewest number of doses in the shortest amount of time, and among the greatest proportion of the population. the current manufacturing processes required for embryonated chicken-egg-based influenza vaccines are limited in their ability to respond to pandemic situations - these limitations include problems with surge c ... | 2010 | 20497595 |
| [multilocus sequence typing of animal source campylobacter jejuni in east china]. | to characterize the genes of campylobacter jejuni isolates and to genotype the strains from chicken, cow, duck, pig and red-crowned crane during 2006 to 2008 by multilocus sequence typing (mlst). | 2010 | 20499632 |
| fluoroquinolone resistance detection in campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni by luminex xmap technology. | the proportion of campylobacter spp. isolates that are resistant to fluoroquinolones, the drugs of choice for campylobacteriosis, has been increasing worldwide. we developed an innovative method based on a luminex xmap dna suspension array that allows the identification of campylobacter species and, simultaneously, the detection of the most common point mutation in the gyra gene (substitution from threonine 86 to isoleucine 86) that is responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance. ninety-six campy ... | 2010 | 20500084 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from cattle between 2002 and 2006 in france. | feces from 2,255 cattle (calves, young beef cattle, and culled cows) were collected at slaughter from nine departments across france. campylobacter was recovered from 16.5% of the 2,255 samples (c. jejuni from 12.8% and c. coli from 3.7%), predominantly from calves. antimicrobial resistance to six antibiotics of medical and/or veterinary interest was tested with the e-test. resistance to tetracycline was found in most isolates (52.8% of c. jejuni isolates and 88.1% of c. coli isolates) in contra ... | 2010 | 20501032 |
| effect of temperature and contact time on campylobacter jejuni attachment to, and probability of detachment from, stainless steel. | the effect of temperature and contact time on attachment of six campylobacter jejuni strains to, and probability of their detachment from, stainless steel were determined. triplicate stainless steel coupons (ssc) were exposed to c. jejuni cell suspensions at 4, 25, 37, and 55 degrees c for 30 min. an increase in temperature enhanced the numbers of cells of all strains of c. jejuni attaching to stainless steel from approximately 4 log/cm(2) at 4 degrees c to approximately 5 log/cm(2) at 55 degree ... | 2010 | 20501033 |
| investigation of water washes suitable for very small meat plants to reduce pathogens on beef surfaces. | water washing with a handheld hose was performed on beef surfaces to ascertain the most effective combination of methods needed to remove potentially harmful microorganisms. for these experiments, beef brisket surfaces were experimentally inoculated with a fecal slurry containing escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, campylobacter coli, and campylobacter jejuni. in a pilot study, surfaces were washed with cold water (15 degrees c) at various water pressures, spray distances, applicat ... | 2010 | 20501042 |
| complement regulator factor h mediates a two-step uptake of streptococcus pneumoniae by human cells. | streptococcus pneumoniae, a human pathogen, recruits complement regulator factor h to its bacterial cell surface. the bacterial pspc protein binds factor h via short consensus repeats (scr) 8-11 and scr19-20. in this study, we define how bacterially bound factor h promotes pneumococcal adherence to and uptake by epithelial cells or human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns) via a two-step process. first, pneumococcal adherence to epithelial cells was significantly reduced by heparin and dermatan ... | 2010 | 20504767 |
| evaluation of the analytical performance of the xpert mtb/rif assay. | we performed the first studies of analytic sensitivity, analytic specificity, and dynamic range for the new xpert mtb/rif assay, a nucleic acid amplification-based diagnostic system that detects mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampin (rif) resistance in under 2 h. the sensitivity of the assay was tested with 79 phylogenetically and geographically diverse m. tuberculosis isolates, including 42 drug-susceptible isolates and 37 rif-resistant isolates containing 13 different rpob mutations or mutat ... | 2010 | 20504986 |
| thioesterases: a new perspective based on their primary and tertiary structures. | thioesterases (tes) are classified into ec 3.1.2.1 through ec 3.1.2.27 based on their activities on different substrates, with many remaining unclassified (ec 3.1.2.-). analysis of primary and tertiary structures of known tes casts a new light on this enzyme group. we used strong primary sequence conservation based on experimentally proved proteins as the main criterion, followed by verification with tertiary structure superpositions, mechanisms, and catalytic residue positions, to accurately de ... | 2010 | 20506386 |
| n-methyl-d-aspartate antibody encephalitis: temporal progression of clinical and paraclinical observations in a predominantly non-paraneoplastic disorder of both sexes. | antibodies to the n-methyl-d-aspartate subtype of glutamate receptor have been associated with a newly-described encephalopathy that has been mainly identified in young females with ovarian tumours. however, the full clinical spectrum and treatment responses are not yet clear. we established a sensitive cell-based assay for detection of n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antibodies in serum or cerebrospinal fluid, and a quantitative fluorescent immunoprecipitation assay for serial studies. although t ... | 2010 | 20511282 |
| identification of campylobacter jejuni genes involved in its interaction with epithelial cells. | campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of infectious gastroenteritis in industrialized nations. its ability to enter and survive within nonphagocytic cells is thought to be very important for pathogenesis. however, little is known about the c. jejuni determinants that mediate these processes. through an extensive transposon mutagenesis screen, we have identified several loci that are required for c. jejuni efficient entry and survival within epithelial cells. among these loci, insertional mut ... | 2010 | 20515930 |
| the role, challenges, and support of pulsenet laboratories in detecting foodborne disease outbreaks. | in recent years, there have been several high-profile nationwide foodborne outbreaks due to enteric organisms in food products, including salmonella typhimurium in peanut products, salmonella saintpaul in peppers, and escherichia coli o157:h7 in spinach. pulsenet, the national molecular subtyping network for foodborne disease surveillance, played a key role in detecting each of these outbreaks. pulsenet laboratories use bacterial subtyping methods to rapidly detect clusters of foodborne disease, ... | 2010 | 20518445 |
| three-hour molecular detection of campylobacter, salmonella, yersinia, and shigella species in feces with accuracy as high as that of culture. | campylobacter jejuni and salmonella, shigella, and yersinia species (along with shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli) are the most common causes of acute bacterial diarrheal disease in the united states. current detection techniques are time-consuming, limiting usefulness for patient care. we developed and validated a panel of rapid pcr assays for the detection and identification of c. jejuni, c. coli, salmonella, and yersinia species and shigella and enteroinvasive e. coli in stool samples. a ... | 2010 | 20519461 |
| understanding the role of pknj in mycobacterium tuberculosis: biochemical characterization and identification of novel substrate pyruvate kinase a. | reversible protein phosphorylation is a prevalent signaling mechanism which modulates cellular metabolism in response to changing environmental conditions. in this study, we focus on previously uncharacterized mycobacterium tuberculosis ser/thr protein kinase (stpk) pknj, a putative transmembrane protein. pknj is shown to possess autophosphorylation activity and is also found to be capable of carrying out phosphorylation on the artificial substrate myelin basic protein (mybp). previous studies h ... | 2010 | 20520732 |
| prevention of intestinal campylobacter jejuni colonization in broilers by combinations of in-feed organic acids. | we have tested the effect of various combinations of formic acid and sorbate on campylobacter jejuni colonization in broiler chickens to reduce the colonization of this zoonotic pathogen in broiler chicken flocks. | 2010 | 20522149 |
| emerging trends in the etiology of enteric pathogens as evidenced from an active surveillance of hospitalized diarrhoeal patients in kolkata, india. | abstract: | 2010 | 20525383 |
| host association of campylobacter genotypes transcends geographic variation. | genetic attribution of bacterial genotypes has become a major tool in the investigation of the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis and has implicated retail chicken meat as the major source of human infection in several countries. to investigate the robustness of this approach to the provenance of the reference data sets used, a collection of 742 campylobacter jejuni and 261 campylobacter coli isolates obtained from united kingdom-sourced chicken meat was established and typed by multilocus seque ... | 2010 | 20525862 |
| tlr4-mediated sensing of campylobacter jejuni by dendritic cells is determined by sialylation. | in guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), ganglioside mimicry of campylobacter jejuni lipo-oligosaccharide (los) drives the production of cross-reactive abs to peripheral nerve gangliosides. we determined whether sialic acid residues in c. jejuni los modulate dendritic cell (dc) activation and subsequent b cell proliferation as a possible mechanism for the aberrant humoral immune response in gbs. highly purified sialylated los of c. jejuni isolates from three gbs patients induced human dc maturation and ... | 2010 | 20525894 |
| susceptibility of campylobacter jejuni to organic acids and monoacylglycerols. | organic acids can be used as feed supplements or for treatment of poultry carcasses in processing plants. the antimicrobial activity of nineteen organic acids and two monoacylglycerols in cultures of campylobacter jejuni ccm 6214(t) (atcc 33560) was determined using a sybr green-based real-time pcr assay. the ic(50) was a concentration at which only 50 % of a bacteria specific dna sequence was amplified. caprylic, capric and lauric acids were the most efficient antimicrobials among the compounds ... | 2010 | 20526832 |
| molecular typing of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli from chickens and patients with gastritis or guillain-barré syndrome based on multilocus sequence types and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. | campylobacter jejuni has recently been noted as the most common cause of bacterial foodborne diseases in japan. in the present study, we determined st types of c. jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from chickens and patients with enteritis or gbs in japan and thailand. c. jejuni from chickens, enteritis, and gbs exhibited divergent st types and included several novel types in addition to worldwide common types. c. coli from enteritis was also divergent. novel st types may represent unidentif ... | 2010 | 20536735 |
| comparison of real-time pcr assays for detection, quantification, and differentiation of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in broiler neck skin samples. | we tested the use of multiplex real-time pcr for detection and quantification of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli on broiler carcass neck skin samples collected during 2008 from slaughterhouses in switzerland. results from an established taqman assay based on two different targets (hipo and ceue for c. jejuni and c. coli, respectively) were corroborated with data from a newly developed assay based on a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the fusa gene, which allows differentiation betwe ... | 2010 | 20537260 |
| fluoroquinolone resistance in campylobacter. | campylobacter is a commensal in poultry, and therefore, poultry and poultry products are major sources of campylobacter infections in humans. fluoroquinolones inhibit the growth of campylobacter and other microorganisms by binding to bacterial dna gyrase and dna topoisomerase iv. these enzymes are associated with bacterial transcription, replication, and chromosome condensation and segregation. selection pressure in the presence of fluoroquinolones rapidly leads to resistance in campylobacter, d ... | 2010 | 20537275 |
| campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in children from communities in northeastern brazil: molecular detection and relation to nutritional status. | this study determined the prevalence of campylobacter jejuni/coli and its relation with nutritional status in children from northeastern brazil. this was a case-control study design. stool samples were evaluated for hipo (c. jejuni), ask (c. coli), and cdtabc (c. jejuni's cytolethal distending toxin) genes. the nutritional status from these children was assessed by anthropometric measures and z-scores. c. jejuni and c. coli were detected in 9.6% (8/83) and 6.0% (5/83) in the diarrhea group and i ... | 2010 | 20542202 |
| decreasing trend of overlapping multilocus sequence types between human and chicken campylobacter jejuni isolates over a decade in finland. | we describe the long-term multilocus sequence typing (mlst) analysis of the population structure and dynamics of 454 finnish human campylobacter jejuni isolates, as well as 208 chicken isolates, collected during the mid-1990s to 2007. the sequence type clonal complexes (st cc) st-45 cc, st-21 cc, and st-677 cc were the most common ones found among all isolates, and they covered 73.9% of all isolates. the st-283 cc also was found frequently among chicken isolates (8.2%). the predominant sts among ... | 2010 | 20543048 |
| methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus st398 in veal calf farming: human mrsa carriage related with animal antimicrobial usage and farm hygiene. | recently a specific mrsa sequence type, st398, emerged in food production animals and farmers. risk factors for carrying mrsa st398 in both animals and humans have not been fully evaluated. in this cross-sectional study, we investigated factors associated with mrsa colonization in veal calves and humans working and living on these farms. | 2010 | 20544020 |
| caught in the act: in vivo development of macrolide resistance to campylobacter jejuni infection. | we report the first instance of macrolide resistance developing in vivo following appropriate antibiotic use in a healthy volunteer as a part of a controlled human infection with campylobacter jejuni. in vivo development of macrolide resistance may be an important contributor to antibiotic resistance in c. jejuni. | 2010 | 20554818 |
| campylobacter jejuni bacteremia and helicobacter pylori in a patient with x-linked agammaglobulinemia. | we describe a 15-year-old patient with x-linked agammaglobulinemia who developed malabsorption and bacteremia due to infection of helicobacter pylori and campylobacter jejuni. the campylobacter bacteremia was only recognized after subculturing of blood culture bottles that failed to signal in the automated system. after 2 weeks of treatment with meropenem and erythromycin for 4 weeks, the patient developed a relapse of bacteremia 10 months later with a high level erythromycin resistant c. jejuni ... | 2010 | 20556465 |
| chemoenzymatic synthesis and enzymatic analysis of 8-modified cytidine monophosphate-sialic acid and sialyl lactose derivatives. | the sialic acids found on eukaryotic glycans have remarkably diverse core structures, with a range of modifications at c5, c7, c8 and c9. these carbohydrates have been found to play key roles in cell-cell interactions within eukaryotes and often serve as the initial site of attachment for viruses and bacteria. consequently simple changes to the structures of the sialic acids can result in profoundly different and often opposing biological effects. of particular importance are modifications at th ... | 2010 | 20557044 |
| acute cardiac disease in a young patient with campylobacter jejuni infection: a case report. | infectious myocarditis is a life-threatening condition because it can lead to arrhythmia, dilated cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. a large number of different infectious causes have been identified as leading to myocarditis, with enteroviral infections being the most common reasons. | 2010 | 20559889 |
| a case of campylobacter jejuni bacteremia in a renal transplant patient. | only 2 cases of campylobacter bacteremia have been reported in renal transplant recipients, to our knowledge, with both resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. we present a case of a 56-year-old renal transplant recipient who presented with brief diarrheal illness followed by campylobacter jejuni bacteremia. she remained asymptomatic for 5 days after initial presentation despite positive blood cultures. she was treated with levofloxacin for a total of 4 weeks and, fortunately, did not ... | 2010 | 20561304 |
| rapid quantification of viable campylobacter bacteria on chicken carcasses, using real-time pcr and propidium monoazide treatment, as a tool for quantitative risk assessment. | a number of intervention strategies against campylobacter-contaminated poultry focus on postslaughter reduction of the number of cells, emphasizing the need for rapid and reliable quantitative detection of only viable campylobacter bacteria. we present a new and rapid quantitative approach to the enumeration of food-borne campylobacter bacteria that combines real-time quantitative pcr (q-pcr) with simple propidium monoazide (pma) sample treatment. in less than 3 h, this method generates a signal ... | 2010 | 20562292 |
| the native 67-kilodalton minor fimbria of porphyromonas gingivalis is a novel glycoprotein with dc-sign-targeting motifs. | we recently reported that the oral mucosal pathogen porphyromonas gingivalis, through its 67-kda mfa1 (minor) fimbria, targets the c-type lectin receptor dc-sign for invasion and persistence within human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (dcs). the dcs respond by inducing an immunosuppressive and th2-biased cd4(+) t-cell response. we have now purified the native minor fimbria by ion-exchange chromatography and sequenced the fimbria by tandem mass spectrometry (ms/ms), confirming its identity and ... | 2010 | 20562309 |
| molybdenum incorporation in tungsten aldehyde oxidoreductase enzymes from pyrococcus furiosus. | the hyperthermophilic archaeon pyrococcus furiosus expresses five aldehyde oxidoreductase (aor) enzymes, all containing a tungsto-bispterin cofactor. the growth of this organism is fully dependent on the presence of tungsten in the growth medium. previous studies have suggested that molybdenum is not incorporated in the active site of these enzymes. application of the radioisotope (99)mo in metal isotope native radioautography in gel electrophoresis (mirage) technology to p. furiosus shows that ... | 2010 | 20562313 |
| performance of the oxoid m.i.c.evaluator strips compared with the etest assay and bsac agar dilution. | the oxoid m.i.c.evaluator (m.i.c.e; thermo fisher scientific) comprises an antibiotic gradient on a plastic support. we compared its performance with etest--a similar product--using bsac agar dilution as a reference. | 2010 | 20562429 |
| array comparative hybridisation reveals a high degree of similarity between uk and european clinical isolates of hypervirulent clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile is a gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium that is responsible for c. difficile associated disease in humans and is currently the most common cause of nosocomial diarrhoea in the western world. this current status has been linked to the emergence of a highly virulent pcr-ribotype 027 strain. the aim of this work was to identify regions of sequence divergence that may be used as genetic markers of hypervirulent pcr-ribotype 027 strains and markers of the sequence ... | 2010 | 20565959 |
| the phosphatomes of the multicellular myxobacteria myxococcus xanthus and sorangium cellulosum in comparison with other prokaryotic genomes. | analysis of the complete genomes from the multicellular myxobacteria myxococcus xanthus and sorangium cellulosum identified the highest number of eukaryotic-like protein kinases (elks) compared to all other genomes analyzed. high numbers of protein phosphatases (pps) could therefore be anticipated, as reversible protein phosphorylation is a major regulation mechanism of fundamental biological processes. | 2010 | 20567509 |
| screening for several potential pathogens in feral pigeons (columba livia) in madrid. | pathogens with the zoonotic potential to infect humans, such as campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli and chlamydophila psittaci, can be found in feral pigeons (columba livia). given the high density of these birds in the public parks and gardens of most cities, they may pose a direct threat to public health. | 2010 | 20569487 |
| location-specific activation of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus by localized inflammation. | the existence of an immunological homunculus has been proposed, but evidence for location-specific response of the central nervous system to immunological stimulation is lacking. in this study, we show that inflammation induced by injection of casein into one of the causes c-fos expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (pvn) in an asymmetrical manner: much stronger activation is always induced in the contralateral pvn. unilateral sciatic nerve transection abolished the casei ... | 2010 | 20570615 |
| helicobacter pylori apo-fur regulation appears unconserved across species. | the ferric uptake regulator (fur) is a transcriptional regulator that is conserved across a broad number of bacterial species and has been shown to regulate expression of iron uptake and storage genes. additionally, fur has been shown to be an important colonization factor of the gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori. in h. pylori, fur-dependent regulation appears to be unique in that fur is able to act as a transcriptional repressor when bound to iron as well as in its iron free (apo) form. to d ... | 2010 | 20571957 |
| structural, nmr spectroscopic, and computational investigation of hemin loading in the hemophore hasap from pseudomonas aeruginosa. | when challenged by low-iron conditions several gram-negative pathogens secrete a hemophore (hasa) to scavenge hemin from its host and deliver it to a receptor (hasr) on their outer membrane for internalization. here we report results from studies aimed at probing the structural and dynamic processes at play in the loading of the apo-hemophore secreted by p. aeruginosa (apo-hasap) with hemin. the structure of apo-hasap shows a large conformational change in the loop harboring axial ligand his32 r ... | 2010 | 20572666 |
| the food glycome: a source of protection against pathogen colonization in the gastrointestinal tract. | trillions of microbes inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of humans with significant differences in the composition and distribution of intestinal flora along its length. normally there is a symbiotic relationship between the intestinal microflora and the host, with mutual advantages for both partners. when this relationship is altered, commensal bacteria can rapidly shift toward pathogenicity resulting in the onset and progression of gastrointestinal infection. pathogen adhesion and colonization ... | 2010 | 20580113 |
| characterization of n-linked protein glycosylation in helicobacter pullorum. | the first bacterial n-linked glycosylation system was discovered in campylobacter jejuni, and the key enzyme involved in the coupling of glycan to asparagine residues within the acceptor sequon of the glycoprotein is the oligosaccharyltransferase pglb. emerging genome sequence data have revealed that pglb orthologues are present in a subset of species from the deltaproteobacteria and epsilonproteobacteria, including three helicobacter species: h. pullorum, h. canadensis, and h. winghamensis. in ... | 2010 | 20581208 |
| selection and characterization of dna aptamers with binding selectivity to campylobacter jejuni using whole-cell selex. | the need for pre-analytical sample processing prior to the application of rapid molecular-based detection of pathogens in food and environmental samples is well established. although immunocapture has been applied in this regard, alternative ligands such as nucleic acid aptamers have advantages over antibodies such as low cost, ease of production and modification, and comparable stability. to identify dna aptamers demonstrating binding specificity to campylobacter jejuni cells, a whole-cell syst ... | 2010 | 20582587 |
| identification and characterization of a new ferric enterobactin receptor, cfrb, in campylobacter. | the ferric enterobactin (feent) receptor cfra is present in the majority of campylobacter jejuni isolates and is responsible for high-affinity iron acquisition. our recent work and that of others strongly suggested the existence of another feent uptake system in campylobacter. here we have identified and characterized a new feent receptor (designated cfrb) using both in vitro and in vivo systems. cfrb, a homolog of c. jejuni nctc 11168 cj0444, shares approximately 34% of amino acid identity with ... | 2010 | 20585060 |
| infection status of hospitalized diarrheal patients with gastrointestinal protozoa, bacteria, and viruses in the republic of korea. | to understand protozoan, viral, and bacterial infections in diarrheal patients, we analyzed positivity and mixed-infection status with 3 protozoans, 4 viruses, and 10 bacteria in hospitalized diarrheal patients during 2004-2006 in the republic of korea. a total of 76,652 stool samples were collected from 96 hospitals across the nation. the positivity for protozoa, viruses, and bacteria was 129, 1,759, and 1,797 per 10,000 persons, respectively. especially, cryptosporidium parvum was highly mixed ... | 2010 | 20585526 |
| 15th international workshop on campylobacter, helicobacter and related organisms. | the purpose of this communication is to update the veterinary public health community as to what poultry-related interventions were presented at the recent biennial international workshop on campylobacter, helicobacter and related organisms (chro), which was held in niigata, japan, september 2-5, 2009. more than 30 years have passed since the publication of martin skirrow's seminal paper in the british medical journal in which he described campylobacter enteritis as a new disease (1). this publi ... | 2010 | 20587173 |
| role of antimicrobial selective pressure and secondary factors on antimicrobial resistance prevalence in escherichia coli from food-producing animals in japan. | the use of antimicrobial agents in the veterinary field affects the emergence, prevalence, and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from food-producing animals. to control the emergence, prevalence, and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance, it is necessary to implement appropriate actions based on scientific evidence. in japan, the japanese veterinary antimicrobial resistance monitoring system (jvarm) was established in 1999 to monitor the antimicrobial susceptibil ... | 2010 | 20589071 |
| campylobacter spp among children with acute diarrhea attending mulago hospital in kampala--uganda. | campylobacter infections occur worldwide. a recent study in kampala, uganda, found that 87% of broiler chickens had campylobacter jejuni; these are potential source of human infection. isolation rate in developing countries is between 5-35%. this study aimed at finding prevalence of children with campylobacter infection among children with acute diarrhea attending mulago hospital. | 2009 | 20589152 |
| bacterial pathogens associated with bloody diarrhea in uruguayan children. | diarrheal disease continues to be a serious health problem, especially in developing countries. bloody diarrhea represents approximately 20-30% of all cases and has higher morbidity and mortality. treatment with antibiotics is beneficial in cases of shigella, campylobacter, yersinia and salmonella infection, principally in those children with a higher risk of invasive disease. the aims of this study were to detect the bacterial agents associated with bloody diarrhea in children and to determine ... | 2010 | 20589332 |
| clinical and electrophysiological features of the 2007 guillain-barré syndrome epidemic in northeast china. | guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) generally presents sporadically. epidemics of gbs are unusual. we reviewed the medical records of 26 patients hospitalized for gbs during the 2007 gbs epidemic in northeast china. the objective was to determine whether there were clinical and electrophysiological characteristics. all patients had drunk unboiled water, and the illness was preceded by diarrhea in 19 (73%) patients. only 1 patient had a campylobacter jejuni infection, whereas 14 (54%) patients exhibite ... | 2010 | 20589890 |
| inactivation of campylobacter jejuni by exposure to high-intensity 405-nm visible light. | although considerable research has been carried out on a range of environmental factors that impact on the survival of campylobacter jejuni, there is limited information on the effects of violet/blue light on this pathogen. this investigation was carried out to determine the effects of high-intensity 405-nm light on c. jejuni and to compare this with the effects on two other important gram-negative enteric pathogens, salmonella enteritidis and escherichia coli o157:h7. high-intensity 405-nm ligh ... | 2010 | 20590423 |
| influence of zinc supplementation in acute diarrhea differs by the isolated organism. | zinc supplementation is recommended in all acute diarrheas in children from developing countries. we aimed to assess whether zinc supplementation would be equally effective against all the common organisms associated with acute diarrheas. we used data on 801 children with acute diarrhea recruited in a randomized, double blind controlled trial (isrctn85071383) of zinc and copper supplementation. using prespecified subgroup analyses, multidimensionality reduction analyses, tests of heterogeneity, ... | 2010 | 20592753 |
| the role of endotoxin in infection: helicobacter pylori and campylobacter jejuni. | both helicobacter pylori and campylobacter jejuni are highly prevalent gram-negative microaerophilic bacteria which are gastrointestinal pathogens of humans; h. pylori colonizes the gastroduodenal compartment and c. jejuni the intestinal mucosa. although h. pylori causes chronic gastric infection leading to gastritis, peptic ulcers and eventually gastric cancer while c. jejuni causes acute infection inducing diarrhoeal disease, the endotoxin molecules of both bacterial species contrastingly cont ... | 2010 | 20593269 |
| campylobacter jejuni activates nf-kappab independently of tlr2, tlr4, nod1 and nod2 receptors. | campylobacter jejuni activates the host transcription factor nf-kappab that regulates the expression of a number of genes involved in the inflammatory response to bacterial infection. signaling pathways leading to nf-kappab by pathogens and/or their products include transmembrane toll-like receptors (tlrs) and intracellular receptors nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain proteins (nods). this study was carried out to investigate the role of tlrs (tlr2 and tlr4) and nods (nod1 and nod2) recep ... | 2010 | 20599492 |
| structure and function of p19, a high-affinity iron transporter of the human pathogen campylobacter jejuni. | campylobacter jejuni, a major cause of acute bacterial diarrhea in humans, expresses numerous proteins to import diverse forms of essential iron. the expression of p19 and an adjacent iron transporter homologue (ftr1) is strongly induced upon iron limitation, suggesting a function in iron acquisition. here, we show that the loss of p19 alone is detrimental to growth on iron-restricted media. furthermore, metal binding analysis demonstrates that recombinant p19 has distinct copper and iron bindin ... | 2010 | 20600116 |
| altered linkage of hydroxyacyl chains in bacterial lipid a. | | 2010 | 20601432 |
| towards glycoengineering in archaea: replacement of haloferax volcanii agld with homologous glycosyltransferases from other halophilic archaea. | like eukarya and bacteria, archaea also perform n-glycosylation. however, the n-linked glycans of archaeal glycoproteins present a variety not seen elsewhere. archaea accordingly rely on n-glycosylation pathways likely involving a broad range of species-specific enzymes. to harness the enormous applied potential of such diversity for the generation of glycoproteins bearing tailored n-linked glycans, the development of an appropriate archaeal glycoengineering platform is required. with a sequence ... | 2010 | 20601508 |
| facial diplegia in plasmodium vivax malaria. | facial diplegia has diverse etiologies, including viral and bacterial infections such as diphtheria, syphilis and lyme disease, and also protozoal infection in very rarely cases. | 2010 | 20607050 |
| causes of outbreaks associated with drinking water in the united states from 1971 to 2006. | since 1971, the cdc, epa, and council of state and territorial epidemiologists (cste) have maintained the collaborative national waterborne disease and outbreak surveillance system (wbdoss) to document waterborne disease outbreaks (wbdos) reported by local, state, and territorial health departments. wbdos were recently reclassified to better characterize water system deficiencies and risk factors; data were analyzed for trends in outbreak occurrence, etiologies, and deficiencies during 1971 to 2 ... | 2010 | 20610821 |
| quantitative and qualitative evaluation of campylobacter spp. contamination of turkey cecal contents and carcasses during and following the slaughtering process. | the present study aimed to document quantitatively and qualitatively the contamination by thermotolerant campylobacter spp. of turkey samples during slaughtering. four campylobacter-positive turkey flocks were investigated at the slaughterhouse at three different stages: evisceration (cecal content), after carcass rinses but before chilling (neck skin), and after breast meat cut (meat). in each case, the studied flock was slaughtered first thing in the morning any given day of the week. the effi ... | 2010 | 20615332 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial resistance in campylobacter spp. isolated from retail chicken in two health units in ontario. | campylobacter is an important enteric pathogen of humans and can cause diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain. campylobacter infections have frequently been associated with the handling and consumption of raw and undercooked poultry. antimicrobial resistance among campylobacter strains is of concern in the treatment of campylobacteriosis in vulnerable populations. a 2-year multidisciplinary study was conducted in the perth and wellington-dufferin-guelph public health units in ontario, canada, to in ... | 2010 | 20615345 |
| hepatocytes express functional nod1 and nod2 receptors: a role for nod1 in hepatocyte cc and cxc chemokine production. | nod-like receptors are recently described cytosolic pattern recognition receptors. nod1 and nod2 are members of this family that recognize bacterial cell wall components, diaminopimelic acid and muramyl dipeptide, respectively. both nod1 and nod2 have been associated with many inflammatory diseases, although their role in liver inflammation and infection has not been well studied. | 2010 | 20615568 |
| campylobacter jejuni 81-176 forms distinct microcolonies on in vitro-infected human small intestinal tissue prior to biofilm formation. | human small and large intestinal tissue was used to study the interaction of campylobacter jejuni with its target tissue. the strain used for the study was 81-176 (+pvir). tissue was processed for scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and by immunohistochemistry for light microscopy. organisms adhered to the apical surface of ileal tissues at all time points in large numbers, in areas where mucus was present and in distinct groups. microcolony formation was evident at 1-2 h, with ... | 2010 | 20616103 |
| experimental helicobacter marmotae infection in a/j mice causes enterohepatic disease. | helicobacter marmotae has been identified in the inflamed livers of eastern woodchucks (marmota monax) infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (whv), as well as from the livers of whv-negative woodchucks. because the majority of whv-positive woodchucks with hepatic tumours were culture or pcr positive for this helicobacter, and whv-negative woodchucks with h. marmotae had hepatitis, the bacterium may have a role in tumour promotion related to chronic inflammation. in this study, the type strain ... | 2010 | 20616187 |
| campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis at an australian boarding school: consistency between epidemiology, flaa typing, and multilocus sequence typing. | in this study, an outbreak of campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis occurring at a boarding school was investigated using a retrospective cohort study and environmental health investigation. thirty-five cases of gastroenteritis were recorded among 58 questionnaire respondents, with 14 of 18 persons submitting fecal samples having confirmed c. jejuni infections. attendance at one evening meal was statistically associated with illness (ratio of proportions of 3.09; 95% confidence intervals: 1.21, 1 ... | 2010 | 20617934 |
| carry-over of thermophilic campylobacter spp. between sequential and adjacent poultry flocks. | nineteen flocks of four poultry species were monitored at a veterinary field station to investigate the distribution and spread of campylobacter genotypes between sequential and adjacent flocks. caecal and liver samples were obtained at frequent intervals from birds of all flocks and examined for campylobacter. amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis was performed to genotype campylobacter isolates. of the 1643 caecal and liver samples investigated, 452 (27.5%) caecal samples and ... | 2011 | 20619560 |
| simple and rapid detection of campylobacter spp. in naturally contaminated chicken-meat samples by combination of a two-step enrichment method with an immunochromatographic assay. | a simple and rapid method to detect campylobacter spp. in chicken-meat samples was established. this method consisted of a combination of a two-step enrichment method with a commercially available immunochromatographic assay, named nh immunochromato campylobacter (nh ic campy, nippon meat packers, ibaraki, japan), which is able to detect campylobacter antigen in an enrichment culture within 15 min. the enrichment method did not require much blood or a particular system of generating a microaerob ... | 2010 | 20621373 |
| novel mechanism for the generation of human xeno-autoantibodies against the nonhuman sialic acid n-glycolylneuraminic acid. | the nonhuman sialic acid n-glycolylneuraminic acid (neu5gc) is metabolically incorporated into human tissues from certain mammalian-derived foods, and this occurs in the face of an anti-neu5gc "xeno-autoantibody" response. given evidence that this process contributes to chronic inflammation in some diseases, it is important to understand when and how these antibodies are generated in humans. we show here that human anti-neu5gc antibodies appear during infancy and correlate with weaning and expos ... | 2010 | 20624889 |
| survival of poultry-derived campylobacter jejuni of multilocus sequence type clonal complexes 21 and 45 under freeze, chill, oxidative, acid and heat stresses. | the application of multilocus sequence typing (mlst) for studying campylobacter jejuni diversity reveals that mlst clonal complex (cc) 21 and cc-45 occupies significant proportion in the diverse population of c. jejuni. these two complexes are ecologically abundant and represent an interesting subpopulation for studying c. jejuni survival under different stress conditions. in the present study we characterize and compare 19 c. jejuni strains assigned to cc-21 and cc-45, isolated from chicken mea ... | 2010 | 20630326 |
| passive transfer of igg anti-gm1 antibodies impairs peripheral nerve repair. | anti-gm1 antibodies are present in some patients with autoimmune neurological disorders. these antibodies are most frequently associated with acute immune neuropathy called guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). some clinical studies associate the presence of these antibodies with poor recovery in gbs. the patients with incomplete recovery have failure of nerve repair, particularly axon regeneration. our previous work indicates that monoclonal antibodies can inhibit axon regeneration by engaging cell su ... | 2010 | 20631181 |
| expression of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in subplacental trophoblasts from guinea pigs (cavia porcellus) following infection with campylobacter jejuni. | toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (tlr2 and tlr4) are well-characterized cell surface receptors that recognize specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns and play an important role in pathogen recognition and activation of the innate immune system. variable expression of tlr2 and tlr4 has been described in trophoblasts from normal and diseased placentas; yet, there are limited data regarding trophoblast tlr expression in response to specific placental pathogens, and tlr expression in the guinea p ... | 2011 | 20634415 |
| bacteriocins to control campylobacter spp. in poultry--a review. | the unacceptably high frequency of campylobacter jejuni transmission from poultry to humans encourages scientists to consider and create alternative intervention strategies to control the pathogen in poultry production. extremely high numbers of campylobacter (often >10(8) cfu/g of poultry intestinal material) potentiate high numbers of the organism on the processed broiler carcass with increasing consequent human health risk. many scientists believe interventions during poultry production porte ... | 2010 | 20634535 |