| seasonal population dynamics and interactions of competing bacteriophages and their host in the rhizosphere. | we describe two prolonged bacteriophage blooms within sugar beet rhizospheres ensuing from an artificial increase in numbers of an indigenous soil bacterium. further, we provide evidence of in situ competition between these phages. this is the first in situ demonstration of such microbial interactions in soil. to achieve this, sugar beet seeds were inoculated with serratia liquefaciens cp6rs or its lysogen, cp6rs-ly-phi 1. these were sown, along with uninoculated seeds, in 36 field plots arrange ... | 2000 | 11010859 |
| partial characterization and localization of a novel type of antifungal protein (iwf6) isolated from sugar beet leaves. | an antifungal protein was isolated from the intercellular washing fluid (iwf) of leaves of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l., cv. monova) and purified to homogeneity. the protein, iwf6, comprising 37 amino acids with six cysteines, was able to inhibit the growth of the pathogen cercospora beticola (sacc.) in vitro, by 75% after 120 h of growth at a concentration of 20 µg ml(-1). the amino acid sequence data were used to generate a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) clone, employed for the isolation of a ... | 2000 | 11011090 |
| effects of chard (beta vulgaris l. var. cicla) extract on pancreatic b cells in streptozotocin-diabetic rats: a morphological and biochemical study. | chard (beta vulgaris l. var. cicla) is used as a hypoglycemic agent by diabetic patients in turkey. the present study was carried out in order to detect whether this plant, used in folk remedies for decreasing blood glucose levels, affects pancreatic b cells and blood glucose. in the diabetic group, a decrease in the number of b cells of langerhans islets and in the secretory materials, a swollen granular endoplasmic reticulum cisternae and widened intercellular areas in some of b cells were obs ... | 2000 | 11025163 |
| detection and nucleotide analysis of rna5 of beet necrotic yellow vein virus isolated in china. | using the rt-pcr method, five isolates of beet necrotic yellow vein virus from china were used for the rna5 genomic component detection and sequence analysis. the result showed that rna5 was only found in the isolates from baotou and hohhot, but not in those of xingjiang, helongjiang, and wulate of inner mongolia. the rna5 components had 1338 nucleotides and 1358 nucleotides in the length of baotou and hohhot isolates, respectively, in which the single open reading frame (orf) encoding for a pro ... | 1999 | 11037951 |
| mechanical transmission of potato leafroll virus. | like typical luteoviruses, potato leafroll virus (plrv) cannot be transmitted mechanically by rubbing plants with solutions containing virus particles. however, plrv was found to be mechanically transmissible from extracts of plants that had been inoculated by viruliferous aphids and then post-inoculated with pea enation mosaic virus-2 (pemv-2). unlike the asymptomatic infections induced by either virus alone, double infections in nicotiana benthamiana induced necrotic symptoms with some line pa ... | 2000 | 11038393 |
| a modular esterase from penicillium funiculosum which releases ferulic acid from plant cell walls and binds crystalline cellulose contains a carbohydrate binding module. | an esterase was isolated from cultures of the filamentous fungus penicillium funiculosum grown on sugar beet pulp as the sole carbon source. the enzyme (ferulic acid esterase b, faeb) was shown to be a cinnamoyl esterase (ce), efficiently releasing hydroxycinnamic acids from synthetic ester substrates and plant cell walls, and bound strongly to microcrystalline cellulose. a gene fragment was obtained by pcr using partial amino-acid sequences obtained from the pure enzyme and used to a probe a p. ... | 2000 | 11082184 |
| overproduction of spinach betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase in escherichia coli. structural and functional properties of wild-type, mutants and e. coli enzymes. | betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (badh) catalyzes the last step in the synthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine from choline. although betaine aldehyde has been thought to be a specific substrate for badh, recent studies have shown that human and sugar beet badhs also catalyze the oxidation of omega-aminoaldehydes. to characterize the kinetic and stability properties of spinach badh, five kinds of expression vectors encoding full length, mature, e103q, e103k, and chimera badhs were construc ... | 2000 | 11106411 |
| aspergillus niger i-1472 and pycnoporus cinnabarinus mucl39533, selected for the biotransformation of ferulic acid to vanillin, are also able to produce cell wall polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and feruloyl esterases. | the filamentous fungal strains aspergillus niger i-1472 and pycnoporus cinnabarinus mucl39533, previously selected for the bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillic acid and vanillin respectively, were grown on sugar beet pulp. a large spectrum of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes was produced by a. niger and very few levels of feruloyl esterases were found. in contrast, p. cinnabarinus culture filtrate contained low amount of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and no feruloyl esterases. in order t ... | 2001 | 11118600 |
| structure, production characteristics and fungal antagonism of tensin - a new antifungal cyclic lipopeptide from pseudomonas fluorescens strain 96.578. | to study the antagonistic activity by pseudomonas fluorescens strain 96.578 on the plant pathogenic fungus rhizoctonia solani. | 2000 | 11123472 |
| simultaneous ethanol and bacterial ice nuclei production from sugar beet molasses by a zymomonas mobilis cp4 mutant expressing the inaz gene of pseudomonas syringae in continuous culture. | the aim of this work was to construct a zymomonas mobilis mutant capable of simultaneous ethanol and ice nuclei production from agricultural by-product such as sugar beet molasses, in steady-state continuous culture. | 2000 | 11123473 |
| monitoring gene flow from transgenic sugar beet using cytoplasmic male-sterile bait plants. | one of the most discussed environmental effects associated with the use of transgenic plants is the flow of genes to plants in the environment. the flow of genes may occur through pollen since it is the reproductive system that is designed for gene movement. pollen-mediated gene escape is hard to control in mating plants. pollen from a wind pollinator can move over distances of more than 1000 m. to investigate the efficiency of transgenic pollen movement under realistic environmental conditions, ... | 2000 | 11123616 |
| effects of dietary carbohydrates and buffering capacity on nutrient digestibility and manure characteristics in finishing pigs. | a 2 x 3 factorial experiment was conducted with 24 finishing pigs (yorkshire x [finnish landrace x dutch landrace]) to determine the effects of dietary buffering capacity (bc) and carbohydrate sources on apparent total tract digestibility (td), n retention, and manure characteristics. twelve of these pigs were fitted with steered ileo-cecal value cannulas to measure the apparent ileal digestibility (id) of n. experimental variables were two levels of bc (high = 600 meq/kg and low = 530 meq/kg) a ... | 2000 | 11132824 |
| overexpression of the bt cry2aa2 operon in chloroplasts leads to formation of insecticidal crystals. | in nuclear transgenic plants, expression of multiple genes requires introduction of individual genes and time-consuming subsequent backcrosses to reconstitute multi-subunit proteins or pathways, a problem that is compounded by variable expression levels. in order to accomplish expression of multiple genes in a single transformation event, we have introduced several genes into the chromoplast genome. we confirmed stable integration of the cry2aa2 operon by pcr and southern blot analyses in t(0) a ... | 2001 | 11135556 |
| a century of plant virus management in the salinas valley of california, 'east of eden'. | the mild climate of the salinas valley, ca lends itself well to a diverse agricultural industry. however, the diversity of weeds, crops and insect and fungal vectors also provide favorable conditions for plant virus disease development. this paper considers the incidence and management of several plant viruses that have caused serious epidemics and been significant in the agricultural development of the salinas valley during the 20th century. beet curly top virus (bctv) almost destroyed the newl ... | 2000 | 11137170 |
| maintaining methylation activities during salt stress. the involvement of adenosine kinase. | synthesis of the compatible osmolyte gly betaine is increased in salt-stressed spinach (spinacia oleracea). gly betaine arises by oxidation of choline from phosphocholine. phosphocholine is synthesized in the cytosol by three successive s-adenosyl-met-dependent n-methylations of phosphoethanolamine. with each transmethylation, a molecule of s-adenosylhomo-cys (sah) is produced, a potent inhibitor of s-adenosyl-met-dependent methyltransferases. we examined two enzymes involved in sah metabolism: ... | 2001 | 11161043 |
| cell-to-cell movement of potato virus x involves distinct functions of the coat protein. | complementation of movement-deficient potato virus x (pvx) coat protein (cp) mutants, namely pvx.cp-xho lacking the 18 c-terminal amino acid residues and pvx.deltacp lacking the entire cp gene, was studied by transient co-expression with heterologous proteins. these data demonstrated that the potyvirus cps and both the major and minor cps of beet yellows closterovirus could complement cell-to-cell movement of pvx.cp-xho but not pvx.deltacp. these data also indicated that the c-terminally truncat ... | 2001 | 11161285 |
| mechanical transmission of poleroviruses. | previously, transmission of poleroviruses has relied solely on the use of their aphid vectors. biolistic inoculation allowed for the first time the mechanical transmission of beet western yellows virus (bwyv) and potato leafroll virus (plrv) to several host plants. inoculation with purified preparations and viral rna extracts of plrv resulted in 30-50% systemically infected nicotiana occidentalis p1 plants and 15-30% infected nicotiana clevelandii plants. particle bombardment was also used succe ... | 2001 | 11164501 |
| identification of conserved traits in fluorescent pseudomonads with antifungal activity. | a collection of 29 fluorescent pseudomonads, some with known biological control activity against a range of phytopathogenic fungi, were characterized phenotypically and genotypically by comparing carbon source utilization patterns, suppression of pythium ultimum both in planta and in vitro and the potential to produce known secondary metabolites. fatty acid profiling and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of the ribosomal dna operon (ribotyping) were used to determine the d ... | 2000 | 11200428 |
| effects of dietary fermentable carbohydrates on energy metabolism in group-housed sows. | the effect of dietary nonstarch polysaccharide (nsp) content on the metabolic rate in group-housed sows was studied. twelve groups of six nonpregnant sows were each fed one of four experimental diets similar in composition except for the starch and nsp content. exchanging sugar beet pulp silage (sbps) for tapioca created the difference in starch and nsp ratio in the diet. on a dm basis, diets contained 0, 10, 20, or 30% sbps. sows were group-housed and fed at 1.30 times the assumed maintenance e ... | 2001 | 11204695 |
| [expression of single-chain fv antibody for anti-beet necrotic yellow vein virus in escherichia coli]. | the heavy chains variable region gene (vh) of monoclonal antibody against beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) was amplified from total dna extracted from anti-bnyvv hybridoma cells by pcr. sequencing showed that the vh belongs to mouse subgroup ii(a) and contains 360 bp, which code one hundred and twenty amino acids. the vh and vl genes were inserted into a plasmid which contains a linker sequence for constructing scfv gene. the new vector named ptc scfv. the scfv was produced in escherichia ... | 2000 | 11209682 |
| plasma cholesterol-lowering effect on rats of dietary fiber extracted from immature plants. | crude dietary fiber samples were prepared from beet, cabbage, japanese radish, onion and mung bean sprouts (bf, cf, rf, of and mf, respectively). these samples contained total dietary fiber at the levels of 814, 699, 760, 693 and 666 g/kg, respectively. to examine the effect of these dietary fiber sources on the plasma cholesterol concentration, male sprague-dawley rats were fed on a fiber-free (ff) diet or on an ff diet supplemented with 5% or 10% dietary fiber. dietary fiber extracted from veg ... | 2000 | 11210115 |
| high-resolution mapping of yacs and the single-copy gene hs1(pro-1) on beta vulgaris chromosomes by multi-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization. | fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) is a powerful approach for physical mapping of dna sequences along plant chromosomes. nematode-resistant sugar beets (beta vulgaris) carrying a beta procumbens translocation were investigated by fish with two differentially labelled yacs originating from the translocation. at mitotic metaphases, the translocation was identified with both yacs in the terminal region on a pair of chromosomes. meiotic chromosomes, representing a far more extended hybridizat ... | 2001 | 11247602 |
| selection and characterization of mixed starter cultures for lactic acid fermentation of carrot, cabbage, beet and onion vegetable mixtures. | an evaluation of various lactic acid bacteria (lab) for the fermentation of cabbage, carrot and beet-based vegetable products was carried out. as part of a screening process, the growth of 15 cultures in a vegetable juice medium (vjm) was characterized by automated spectrophotometry. acidification patterns as well as viability during storage of the lab were also established. there were greater differences between the pure cultures than the mixed ones with respect to growth in vjm and viability d ... | 2001 | 11294348 |
| changes in intragastric meal distribution are better predictors of gastric emptying rate in conscious pigs than are meal viscosity or dietary fibre concentration. | the effect of dietary fibre on the gastric emptying rate of solids is controversial. similarly, the mechanisms by which it modulates food intake are partially unknown. gastric emptying and proximal v. distal stomach filling were evaluated in triplicate on four conscious pigs using scintigraphic imaging. each animal received in an isoenergetic manner a concentrate low-fibre diet enriched in starch (s) and two high-fibre diets based on sugar beet pulp (bp) or wheat bran (wb). all meals had the sam ... | 2001 | 11299080 |
| review of equine feeding and stable management practices in the uk concentrating on the last decade of the 20th century. | equine feeding and stable management practices for horses kept in the uk vary greatly and it is probable that almost any permutation of regimen could be found somewhere. unfortunately, there is uncertainty about the number of horses in the uk and very limited data are available on the ways horses are being fed and managed. this paper reviews some of the information that is available and provides an outline of some of the factors influencing the practices used. to a certain extent, the way uk hor ... | 1999 | 11314235 |
| scale up of fuel ethanol production from sugar beet juice using loofa sponge immobilized bioreactor. | production of fuel ethanol from sugar beet juice, using cells immobilized on loofa sponge was investigated. based on ethanol productivity and ease of cell immobilization, a flocculating yeast strain, saccharomyces cerevisiae ir2 was selected for ethanol production from sugar beet juice. it was found that raw sugar beet juice was an optimal substrate for ethanol production, requiring neither ph adjustment nor nitrogen source supplement. when compared with a 2 l bubble column bioreactor, mixing wa ... | 2001 | 11315804 |
| comparison of fermentation of selected fructooligosaccharides and other fiber substrates by canine colonic microflora. | to compare fermentation characteristics of fructooligosaccharides (fos) and other fiber substrates that are commonly found in canine diets. | 2001 | 11327473 |
| [cloning and characterization of cmo gene from atriplex hortensis]. | glycine betaine is a widespread osmopretectant existed in many organisms. in higher plant, glycine betaine is synthesized via a two-sep oxidation reaction: choline-->betaine aldehyde-->glycine betaine. the first step, also the speed-limiting step, is catalyzed by choline monooxygenase(cmo). choosing halophyte atriplex hortensis as material, we constructed a salt stress-induced cdna library, and isolated a 1.77 kb length cdna clone with spinach cmo cdna as probe. the sequencing result showed a co ... | 2001 | 11330176 |
| relative effectiveness of selected stilbene optical brighteners as enhancers of the beet armyworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | the addition of a stilbene optical brightener, tinopal lpw, at 1% concentration (wt:wt) significantly reduced the lc50 of the beet armyworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus (semnpv) from 2.9 pib/mm2 to 0.02 pib/mm2. moreover, the lt50 of semnpv was reduced by 34% by the addition of tinopal lpw. seven other structurally related stilbene brighteners were also tested as viral enhancers. five of these brighteners (tinopal lpw, blankophor bbh, blankophor hrs, blankophor p167, and blankophor rkh) reduced ld ... | 2001 | 11332823 |
| development of a highly sensitive nested rt-pcr method for beet necrotic yellow vein virus detection. | a diagnostic test incorporating reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and nested polymerase chain reaction (npcr) was developed for the detection of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv). the rt-pcr used the primers designed by (henry et al., j. virol. methods 54 (1995)15) but refinements were made to the protocol including simplification of the extraction method, the use of standard reagents and adoption of a one-step procedure. none of these changes impaired sensitivity or ... | 2001 | 11377723 |
| development of a simple in vitro assay for estimating net rumen acid load from diet ingredients. | the objective of these experiments was to develop a simple in vitro technique for evaluating the production and neutralization of acid as feeds ferment in the rumen. an in vitro approach was adopted to eliminate animal factors. the procedure was based on the method of tilley and terry, with some modifications developed in this project. residual acidity (acidogenicity value) was determined by the dissolution of ca from caco3 powder added to the media at the end of 24-h incubations. acidogenicity ... | 2001 | 11384037 |
| effect of beringite on cadmium and zinc uptake by plants and earthworms: more than a liming effect? | metal-contaminated soils are potentially harmful to plants, animals, and humans. harmful effects are often related to the free-metal concentration in the soil solution. immobilization is a potentially useful method to improve the quality of metal-contaminated soils by transforming free-metal ions into species that are less mobile and less toxic. the effect of many immobilizing products can be attributed to sorption on the surface of the material. alkaline materials also enhance adsorption to soi ... | 2001 | 11392145 |
| identification and expression of the pseudomonas syringae pv. aptata hrpz(psa) gene which encodes an harpin elicitor. | a sequence homologous to an internal fragment 0.75 kb bstxi of the pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae hrpz gene was identified in pseudomonas syringae pv. aptata ncppb 2664, the causal agent of bacterial blight in sugar beet, lettuce and other plants. and in e. coli dh10b (pccp1069) containing the p. syringae pv. aptata hrp gene cluster. pcr with oligonucleotides, based on the hrpz(pss) gene and used as primers with the total genomic dna of p. syringae pv. aptata, amplified a 1 kb fragment that h ... | 2001 | 11392485 |
| use of the gfp reporter as a vital marker for agrobacterium-mediated transformation of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.). | molecular approaches to sugar beet improvement will benefit from an efficient transformation procedure that does not rely upon exploitation of selectable marker genes such as those which confer antibiotic or herbicide resistance upon the transgenic plants. the expression of the green fluorescent protein (gfp) signal has been investigated during a program of research that was designed to address the need to increase the speed and efficiency of selection of sugar beet transformants. it was envisag ... | 2001 | 11395859 |
| biological monitoring of phenmedipham: determination of m-toluidine in urine. | phenmedipham [methyl-3-(3-methylphenylcarbamoyloxy)carbamate] is used as a herbicide, especially in the growing of sugar beet and strawberries. during metabolism of the substance in rats, the two carbamate moieties of phenmedipham are cleaved and the metabolites methyl-n-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-carbamate, m-aminophenol and hydroxyacetanilide are formed. these compounds and their conjugates are excreted in urine. additionally, it has been suggested that m-toluidine is formed during metabolism. for the ... | 2001 | 11409536 |
| high cell density cultivation of rhodococcus opacus for lipid production at a pilot-plant scale. | the triacylglycerol (tag)-accumulating bacterium rhodococcus opacus strain pd630 was investigated with respect to the fermentative production of tags consisting of an unusually high fraction of fatty acids with an odd-number of carbon atoms and unsaturated monoenic fatty acids from sugar beet molasses and sucrose. fed-batch fermentations were optimized at the 30-1 scale in a stirred tank bioreactor at 30 degrees c using a mineral salts medium, which contained sugar beet molasses and sucrose as s ... | 2001 | 11414319 |
| plants expressing tomato golden mosaic virus al2 or beet curly top virus l2 transgenes show enhanced susceptibility to infection by dna and rna viruses. | the al2 gene of the geminivirus tomato golden mosaic virus (tgmv) encodes a transcriptional activator protein (trap) that is required for efficient expression of the viral coat protein (cp) and br1 gene promoters. in contrast, l2, the positional homolog of al2 in the related beet curly top virus (bctv), is not required for cp expression, raising questions about the functional relationship between the al2 and l2 gene products. in this study, transgenic nicotiana benthamiana and n. tabacum var. sa ... | 2001 | 11414806 |
| softness and fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue, and methylmalonic acid concentrations in the plasma of intensively reared lambs. | the aim of the present work was to study the relationships between lamb growth performance, soft adipose tissue and fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue of intensively reared lambs, and to determine if the occurrence of soft fat, and of odd numbered (odd fa) and methyl-branched-chain fatty acids in subcutaneous adipose tissue was related to plasma concentrations of methylmalonic acid (mma). for this purpose, a sensitive gas chromatography assay to measure low plasma concentratio ... | 2001 | 11423232 |
| behavior, reproduction, and immunity of crated pregnant gilts: effects of high dietary fiber and rearing environment. | the objective of this study was to examine effects of increased gut fill and diverse developing environments on pregnant gilts' behavior and physiology. gilts were cross-fostered at 1 d of age and transferred to either an indoor or outdoor production unit. littermate gilts remained in their different environments during development and were moved into individual gestation crates in an indoor gestation unit. of the 42 gilts, 19 were fed a control diet of fortified sorghum-soybean meal and 23 were ... | 2001 | 11424683 |
| impact of bt cottons expressing one or two insecticidal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis berliner on growth and survival of noctuid (lepidoptera) larvae. | a series of laboratory assays were performed to compare the relative impact of commercial and experimental cultivars of cotton, gossypium hirsutum (l.), expressing zero, one, or two insecticidal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis berliner, on several lepidopteran pests. assays in which larvae were fed fresh plant tissue indicated that dual-toxin b. thuringiensis (bt) cultivars, expressing both cry1ac and cry2ab endotoxins of b. thuringiensis, were more toxic to bollworms, helicoverpa zea (boddie ... | 2001 | 11425033 |
| anaerobic biodegradation of sugar beet pulp. | sugar beet pulp is a by-product of sugar production and consists mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. its composition is suitable for biological degradation. a possible alternative for the utilization of this material (besides cattle feeding) can be anaerobic methanogenic degradation. it has an additional advantage--biogas production. beet pulp was treated by a two-step anaerobic process. the first step consisted of hydrolysis and acidification. the second step was methanogenesis. in t ... | 2000 | 11432579 |
| the ratio of insoluble to soluble fiber components in soybean hulls affects ileal and total-tract nutrient digestibilities and fecal characteristics of dogs. | an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of soybean hulls (sh) containing varying ratios of insoluble:soluble fiber (i:s) on nutrient digestibilities and fecal characteristics of dogs. ileally cannulated dogs (n = 6) were fed seven diets in a 6 x 7 youden square arrangement of treatments. the seven diets included five sh-containing diets with i:s of 1.9, 2.7, 3.2, 5.2 or 7.2 and two diets containing either beet pulp (bp) or no supplemental fiber (control). ileal digestibilities of dm, ... | 2001 | 11435517 |
| developmental temperature effects on five geographic isolates of the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema feltiae (nematoda: steinernematidae). | the development of five geographic isolates of steinernema feltiae at 5, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 28 degrees c in wax moth, galleria mellonella, larvae was examined. the isolates were from mediterranean (sinop from turkey, sn from france, and monterey from california), subtropical (rafaela from argentina), and tropical (mg-14 from hawaii) regions. all isolates caused 100% mortality of wax moth larvae and developed and produced progeny between 8 and 25 degrees c. at 28 degrees c, mortality was 100% ... | 2001 | 11437527 |
| cadmium in organic and conventional pig production. | the main sources of cadmium (cd) input to soils have been phosphate fertilizers and deposition from air. in organic farming, phosphate fertilizers are not used, which may in the long term result in lower cd levels. in the present study, feed, kidney, liver, and manure from growing/finishing pigs raised conventionally and organically on the same farm were microwave-digested and analyzed for cd by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. cd was also analyzed in soil and water. a quality co ... | 2001 | 11443376 |
| interactions of atrazine and 2,4-d with human serum albumin studied by gel and capillary electrophoresis, and ftir spectroscopy. | the herbicides 6-chloro-n-ethyl-n'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (atrazine) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) are widely used in agricultural practice to fight dicotyledon weeds mainly in maize, cereals, and lucerne. as a result, these compounds are found not only in the plants, soil, and water, but also in the cultivated ground in the following years as well as in agricultural products such as fruits, milk, butter, and sugar beet. the toxicological effects of herbicides oc ... | 2001 | 11451446 |
| studies on the role of the minor capsid protein in transport of beet western yellows virus through myzus persicae. | beet western yellows virus (bwyv), family luteoviridae, is an icosahedral plant virus which is strictly transmitted by aphids in a persistent and circulative manner. virions cross two cellular barriers in the aphid by receptor-based mechanisms involving endocytosis and exocytosis. particles are first transported across intestinal cells into the haemolymph and then across accessory salivary gland cells for delivery to the plant via saliva. we identified the midgut part of the digestive tract as t ... | 2001 | 11458007 |
| impact of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing biocontrol strain pseudomonas fluorescens f113 on intraspecific diversity of resident culturable fluorescent pseudomonads associated with the roots of field-grown sugar beet seedlings. | the impact of the 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing biocontrol agent pseudomonas fluorescens f113rif on the diversity of the resident community of culturable fluorescent pseudomonads associated with the roots of field-grown sugar beet seedlings was evaluated. at 19 days after sowing, the seed inoculant f113rif had replaced some of the resident culturable fluorescent pseudomonads at the rhizoplane but had no effect on the number of these bacteria in the rhizosphere. a total of 498 isolates of ... | 2001 | 11472913 |
| controlled drainage and wetlands to reduce agricultural pollution: a lysimetric study. | controlled drainage and wetlands could be very effective practices to control nitrogen pollution in the low-lying agricultural plains of northeast italy, but they are not as popular as in other countries. an experiment on lysimeters was therefore carried out in 1996-1998, with the double aim of obtaining local information to encourage the implementation of these practices and to gain more knowledge on the effects involved. controlled drainage + subirrigation and wetlands were all considered as n ... | 2001 | 11476512 |
| beet necrotic yellow vein virus particles localize to mitochondria during infection. | fluorescent beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) particles were produced by replacing part of the readthrough domain of the minor coat protein p75 with the green fluorescent protein (gfp). the recombinant virus was functional in plants and p75-gfp was incorporated at one end of the rod-shaped virions. laser scanning confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed that virus-like particles, almost certainly authentic bnyvv virions, localized to the cytoplasmic surface of mitoch ... | 2001 | 11485394 |
| [toxicological and hygienic assessment of nitrates in food products]. | the toxicological and hygienic estimation of the contents of nitrates in the basic vegetable cultures (beet, carrots, potato etc.) is given. is shown, that nitrates, contained in the increased amounts in the aforesaid cultures are not indifferent for human and animals organism. at a unbalanced diet of cattle use of forages with the increased contents of nitrates can result in occurrence them in livestock products. the hygienic regulation of permissible concentrations nitrates in some products sh ... | 2001 | 11494670 |
| plant virus transmission by plasmodiophorid fungi is associated with distinctive transmembrane regions of virus-encoded proteins. | computer analysis of published sequence data has consistently identified two complementary transmembrane domains in the coat protein readthrough domains of benyviruses, furoviruses and pomoviruses and in the p2 proteins of bymoviruses. these viruses differ in genome organisation but are all transmitted by plasmodiophorid fungi. the second domain is absent or disrupted in naturally-occurring deletion mutants that cannot be fungally-transmitted. in a non-transmissible substitution mutant of beet n ... | 2001 | 11504421 |
| detection of infectious viral particles in plant protoplasts inoculated with transcripts of full-length shallot virus x cdna. | flexible filamentous shallot virus x (shvx) particles were detected in extracts of beta vulgaris protoplasts inoculated with transcripts from a full-length shvx cdna. extracts from shvx-infected protoplast were infectious for shvx-healthy shallot seedlings. western blot analysis of inoculated plants revealed the accumulation of the shvx coat protein, while electron microscopy confirmed the presence of shvx virions. the results suggest that the in vitro rna transcripts from full-length shvx cdna ... | 2001 | 11504426 |
| establishment and characterization of insect cell lines from 10 lepidopteran species. | cell lines from selected lepidopteran species were established for the overall purpose of use in baculovirus production. a total of 36 new cell lines from 10 lepidopteran species were generated, including cell lines from a pyralid, the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, a plutellid, the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella, as well as eight noctuids: the black cutworm, agrotis ipsilon, the celery looper, anagrapha falcifera, the velvetbean caterpillar, anticarsia gemmatalis, the corn earw ... | 2001 | 11515970 |
| production of selected baculoviruses in newly established lepidopteran cell lines. | one key to the in vitro mass production of baculoviruses is the development of insect cell lines capable of producing high levels of extracellular virus (ecv) and/or occlusion bodies (obs). for this study, 34 newly established cell lines from 10 lepidopteran species were screened for their ability to produce ecv and obs from a variety of baculoviruses. the selected baculoviruses included: the alfalfa looper virus (acmnpv); the celery looper virus (afmnpv); the velvetbean caterpillar virus (agmnp ... | 2001 | 11515971 |
| pseudomonas cellulosa expresses a single membrane-bound glycoside hydrolase family 51 arabinofuranosidase. | in the accompanying paper [beylot, mckie, voragen, doeswijk-voragen and gilbert (2001) biochem. j. 358, 607-614] the chromosome of pseudomonas cellulosa was shown to contain two genes, abf51a and abf62a, that encode arabinofuranosidases belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 51 and 62, respectively. in this report we show that expression of abf51a is induced by arabinose and arabinose-containing polysaccharides. northern-blot analysis showed that abf51a was efficiently transcribed, whereas no ... | 2001 | 11535121 |
| recycling of na in advanced life support: strategies based on crop production systems. | sodium is an essential dietary requirement in human nutrition, but seldom holds much importance as a nutritional element for crop plants. in advanced life support (als) systems, recycling of gases, nutrients, and water loops is required to improve system closure. if plants are to play a significant role in recycling of human wastes, na will need to accumulate in edible tissues for return to the crew diet. if crops fail to accumulate the incoming na into edible tissues, na could become a threat t ... | 1999 | 11542242 |
| physicochemical properties of a novel alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase from rhizomucor pusillus hht-1. | the zygomycete fungus rhizomucor pusillus hht-1, cultured on l(+)arabinose as a sole carbon source, produced extracellular alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase. the enzyme was purified by (nh4)2so4 fractionation, gel filtration, and ion exchange chromatography. the molecular mass of this monomeric enzyme was 88 kda. the native enzyme had a pi of 4.2 and displayed a ph optimum and stability of 4.0 and 7.0-10.0, respectively. the temperature optimum was 65 degrees c, and it was stable up to 70 degrees c. t ... | 2001 | 11575504 |
| the effect of dietary carbohydrates with different digestibility on the populations of oesophagostomum dentatum in the intestinal tract of pigs. | an experiment was undertaken to study the effect of dietary carbohydrates with different digestibility on the populations of oesophagostomum dentatum in the intestinal tract of pigs. sixty-four worm-free pigs from a specific pathogen-free farm were randomly divided into 8 equal groups. the animals in 4 groups were assigned to a diet with partially undegradable carbohydrates (diet 1), while the pigs in the 4 remaining groups were given a diet with fermentable carbohydrates (diet 2). diet 1 was co ... | 2001 | 11578096 |
| rapid screening for dominant negative mutations in the beet necrotic yellow vein virus triple gene block proteins p13 and p15 using a viral replicon. | point mutations were introduced into the genes encoding the triple gene bock movement proteins p13 and p15 of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv). mutations which disabled viral cell-to-cell movement in chenopodium quinoa were then tested for their ability to act as dominant negative inhibiters of movement of wild-type bnyvv when expressed from a co-inoculated bnyvv rna 3-based replicon. for p13, three types of mutation inhibited the movement function: non-synomynous mutations in the n- and ... | 2001 | 11592709 |
| low potassium enhances sodium uptake in red-beet under moderate saline conditions. | due to the discrepancy in metabolic sodium (na) requirements between plants and animals, cycling of na between humans and plants is limited and critical to the proper functioning of bio-regenerative life support systems, being considered for long-term human habitats in space (e.g., martian bases). this study was conducted to determine the effects of limited potassium (k) on growth, na uptake, photosynthesis, ionic partitioning, and water relations of red-beet (beta vulgaris l. ssp. vulgaris) und ... | 2000 | 11594364 |
| [formation of an extracellular system of enzymes during growth of geotrichum candidum 3c on cell walls isolated from cereal grain capsules]. | the activities of extracellular systems of hemicellulases, pectinases, and cellulases was studied during a 72-h cultivation of geotrichum candidum 3c. the culture was grown on a medium containing 3% cell walls isolated from wheat grain capsules, which served as the sole carbon source. enzymes catalyzing the degradation of pectin substances (beet pectin, alpha-l-arabinan, and 1,4-beta-d-galactan), as well as beta-d-galactosidase and alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase involved in their hydrolysis, were f ... | 2001 | 11605468 |
| feasibility of substituting sodium for potassium in crop plants for advanced life support systems. | recycling of nutrients, air, and water is an integral feature of life support systems designed for long-term space missions. plants can play a major role in supplying the basic life support requirements, which include providing the crew's food, clean water, and air, and recycling their wastes. the nutrient flux through the plant and human systems needs to be matched in order for nutrients to recycle between humans and plants without an excessive buildup in any one section of the system. sodium, ... | 2000 | 11676437 |
| sentinel practice-based survey of the management and health of horses in northern britain. | details of the management, feeding, level of activity and routine health care of horses in scotland and the five northernmost counties in england were recorded through a stratified random sample of horse owners who had responded to a previous survey. sixty-eight per cent of the horses were kept where their owners resided, and 32 per cent were kept away from the owner's home. more than 99 per cent were turned out to grazing for at least part of the year and 81 per cent were stabled for at least p ... | 2001 | 11678214 |
| molecular dynamics of the frame-shifting pseudoknot from beet western yellows virus: the role of non-watson-crick base-pairing, ordered hydration, cation binding and base mutations on stability and unfolding. | molecular dynamics simulations of the frame-shifting pseudoknot from beet western yellows virus (bwyv, ndb file ur0004) were performed with explicit inclusion of solvent and counterions. in all, 33 ns of simulation were carried out, including 10 ns of the native structure with protonation of the crucial cytosine residue, c8(n3+). the native structure exhibited stable trajectories retaining all watson-crick and tertiary base-pairs, except for fluctuations or transient disruptions at specific site ... | 2001 | 11700064 |
| functional specialization and evolution of leader proteinases in the family closteroviridae. | members of the closteroviridae and potyviridae families of the plant positive-strand rna viruses encode one or two papain-like leader proteinases. in addition to a c-terminal proteolytic domain, each of these proteinases possesses a nonproteolytic n-terminal domain. we compared functions of the several leader proteinases using a gene swapping approach. the leader proteinase (l-pro) of beet yellows virus (byv; a closterovirus) was replaced with l1 or l2 proteinases of citrus tristeza virus (ctv; ... | 2001 | 11711606 |
| a catalytic subunit of the sugar beet protein kinase ck2 is induced by salt stress and increases nacl tolerance in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | salinity is an important limiting factor in plant growth and development. we have cloned a catalytic subunit of the sugar beet protein kinase ck2 (bvcka2) by functional expression in yeast of a nacl-induced cdna library. bvcka2 was able to increase the yeast tolerance to nacl and to functionally complement the cka1 cka2 yeast double mutant upon over-expression. southern blot analysis indicated that, in sugar beet, the bcka2 gene is a member of a multigene family. the mrna levels of bvcka2 were u ... | 2001 | 11725943 |
| analysis of sucrose synthase genes in citrus suggests different roles and phylogenetic relationships. | the purpose of this work was 2-fold; first, a molecular/evolutionary characterization of three sucrose synthase genes from citrus, and second, an analysis of their differential expression related to potential physiological function. three non-allelic genes (citsus1, citsusa and citsus2) encoding sucrose synthase were isolated from citrus fruit (citrus unshiu marc.). phylogenetic analysis from the deduced amino acid sequences showed that citsus1 and citsus2 could be classified into a dicot group. ... | 2002 | 11741042 |
| enzyme assay for identification of pectin and pectin derivatives, based on recombinant pectate lyase. | a simple method was developed for fast identification of pectin, based on a recombinant endopectate lyase cloned from aspergillus niger. when pectin was demethylated and treated with pectate lyase, beta-elimination occurred, resulting in a double bond between c-4 and c-5 in the galacturonic acid residue of the released nonreducing end. the formation of double bonds produced an increase in light absorption, which was detected at 235 nm. the assay was tested on pectin of different origins (apple, ... | 2001 | 11767155 |
| survival, root colonisation and biocontrol capacities of pseudomonas fluorescens f113 laczy in dry alginate microbeads. | cells of pseudomonas fluorescens f113 laczy were encapsulated in alginate and their survival and ability to colonise sugar beet were evaluated. to assess survival, the formulation, composed of dry alginate microbeads of 300- to 700-microm diameter, was stored 1 year at 28+/-2 and 4+/-2 degrees c and then tested against pathogenic fungi pythium ultimum and rhizoctonia solani in in vitro inhibition experiments. the same material was also used as inoculant for protection of sugar beet against py. u ... | 2001 | 11773997 |
| [anti-cariogenicity of maceration extract of momordica grosvenori: laboratory study]. | to study the anti-cariogenicity of momordica grosvenori a kind of natural sweet fruit. | 1998 | 11774428 |
| field efficacy and seasonal expression profiles for terminal leaves of single and double bacillus thuringiensis toxin cotton genotypes. | examination of commercial cry1ac transgenic bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) cotton varieties (bollgard, monsanto, st. louis, mo) and an experimental cry1ac + cry2ab transgenic bt cotton variety (bollgard ii, monsanto) for lepidopteran field efficacy was conducted during the 2000 growing season. in addition, a commercially available (envirologix, portland, me) quantification assay (elisa) was used to measure and profile the expression levels of cry proteins in two of these varieties ['dp50b, ... | 2001 | 11777069 |
| complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of beet soilborne mosaic virus, a proposed member of the genus benyvirus. | the complete nucleotide sequences of rnas 1 to 4 of beet soilborne mosaic virus (bsbmv) were determined. the genomic organization of bsbmv is identical to beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv), the type species of the genus benyvirus. bsbmv rna1 encodes a single large open reading frame (orf) with similar replicase-associated motifs identified for bnyvv. bsbmv rna2 has six potential orfs with an organization resembling bnyvv rna2. rna3 and rna4 resemble the analogous bnyvv rnas, which encode p ... | 2001 | 11811691 |
| biodegradation of lignocellulosic waste by aspergillus terreus. | biodegradation of lignocellulosic waste by aspergillus terreus is reported for the first time. this isolate produced 250 cmcase (carboxymethyl cellulase or endoglucanase) u.ml(-1) and biodegraded hay and straw during 3 days and the biomass production on straw was 5g.l(-1) dry weight from 0.25 cm2 inoculated mycellium. this strain secreted endocellulases and exocellulases in the culture medium, but some of the enzymes produced, remained cell membrane bound. cell bound enzymes were released by var ... | 2001 | 11826908 |
| enzymes of the entner-doudoroff and pyruvate decarboxylation pathways in zymomonas mobilis wild-type cp4 and mutant strains grown in continuous culture. | the osmotolerant zymomonas mobilis strain suc40, (containing plasmid pds3154-inaz), which is capable of producing simultaneously ethanol and ice nuclei protein, was cultivated in a chemically defined complete sucrose medium, as well as in a sugar beet molasses medium in continuous culture. the strain exhibited the normal monod's relationship between biomass and dilution rate, and between growth substrate concentration and dilution rate. specific activities of a number of enzymes that appear to c ... | 2001 | 11827214 |
| dual-colour imaging of membrane protein targeting directed by poa semilatent virus movement protein tgbp3 in plant and mammalian cells. | the movement function of poa semilatent hordeivirus (pslv) is mediated by the triple gene block (tgb) proteins, of which two, tgbp2 and tgbp3, are membrane proteins. tgbp3 is localized to peripheral bodies in the vicinity of the plasma membrane and is able to re-direct tgbp2 from the endoplasmic reticulum (er) to the peripheral bodies. for imaging of tgbp3-mediated protein targeting, pslv tgbp3 tagged with a red fluorescent protein (dsred) was used. coexpression of dsred-tgbp3 with gfp targeted ... | 2002 | 11842260 |
| colonization of the developing rhizosphere of sugar beet seedlings by potential biocontrol agents applied as seed treatments. | poor colonization of the rhizosphere is a major constraint of seed treatment biological control. the objectives of this study were to; examine the colonization of the rhizosphere of sugar beet seedlings by selected rhizobacteria; determine the influence of the host rhizosphere and percolating water on the distribution of the bacteria; and deliver two biological control agents (bcas) by co-inoculation. | 2002 | 11849350 |
| sugar beet mash silage as a component of a total-mixed-ration for dairy cows--effects on parameters of digestion and animal performance. | sugar beet mash silage (bms) was offered in amounts up to 35% of dm to dairy cows as a component of a total-mixed-ration (tmr). barley and molasses in the control ration were replaced by bms half in ration bms 1/2 and in total in ration bms 1/1 on the basis of the calculated contents of net energy for lactation. two trials were carried out. in trial i each ration was tested on parameters of rumen fermentation and digestibility of crude nutrients using 4 holstein cows with rumen fistula. chewing ... | 2001 | 11851016 |
| effects of abomasal infusions of histidine, glucose, and leucine on milk production and plasma metabolites of dairy cows fed grass silage diets. | our previous study showed that his was the first-limiting amino acid (aa) for milk protein production in cows fed grass silage and cereal-based supplement. the aim of this study was to identify the second-limiting aa and determine whether glucose was limiting responses to his. abomasal infusion of his (6.5 g/d), glucose (250 g/d), his (6.5 g/d) + glucose (250 g/d), his 6.5 g/d) + leu (12 g/d) and his (6.5 g/d) + leu (12 g/d) + glucose (250 g/d) on milk production and utilization of amino acids b ... | 2002 | 11860113 |
| genetically modified feeds in animal nutrition. 2nd communication: glufosinate tolerant sugar beets (roots and silage) and maize grains for ruminants and pigs. | to analyse substantial equivalence of genetically modified sugar-beets and maize, in which the glufosinate-tolerant (pat) gene is inserted, crude nutrients, the amino acid and the fatty acid profiles as well as the composition of the ndf-fraction of maize grains were determined and compared with those of the corresponding non-transgenic cultivars. due to the genetic manipulation differences in crude nutrient contents including sugar and starch were not detected. the amino acid profile of maize g ... | 2001 | 11865767 |
| in vivo volatile emissions from peanut plants induced by simultaneous fungal infection and insect damage. | peanut plants, arachis hypogaea, infected with white mold. sclerotium rolfsii, emit a blend of organic compounds that differs both quantitatively and qualitatively from the blend emitted from plants damaged by beet armyworm (baw; spodoptera exigua) larvae or from uninfected, undamaged plants. attackby baw induced release of lipoxygenase products (hexenols, hexenals, and hexenyl esters), terpenoids, and indole. the plant-derived compound methyl salicylate and the fungal-derived compound 3-octanon ... | 2002 | 11868672 |
| the provision of solid feeds to veal calves: i. growth performance, forestomach development, and carcass and meat quality. | growth performance, forestomach development, and carcass and meat quality of veal calves fed a milk replacer diet (control) were compared to those obtained from calves fed the same liquid diet plus 250 g x calf(-1) x d(-1) of dried beet pulp or wheat straw. three groups of 46 polish friesian calves, balanced according to initial bw, were assigned to the three dietary treatments in a fattening trial, which lasted 160 d. the provision of either solid feed did not affect the milk replacer intake. h ... | 2002 | 11881925 |
| the provision of solid feeds to veal calves: ii. behavior, physiology, and abomasal damage. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of two roughage sources (wheat straw and beet pulp) to the milk replacer diet of veal calves, in order to reduce stress and improve animal welfare. we allocated 138 polish friesian male calves to three different feeding plans: a milk replacer diet (control), 250 g/d of wheat straw in addition to the milk replacer, or 250 g/d of dried beet pulp in addition to the milk replacer. within each feeding treatment, 16 calves were individu ... | 2002 | 11881926 |
| a replication-competent chimera of plant and animal viruses. | human, animal, fungal, and plant viruses encode papain-like proteinases that function in polyprotein processing, rna synthesis, and virus-host interactions. to compare the functional profiles of diverse papain-like proteinases, we replaced a proteinase gene of the beet yellows virus (byv) with those derived from equine arteritis virus (eav), foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), and the fungal virus chv1. we found that, although each of the foreign proteinases efficiently processed the viral poly ... | 2002 | 11886267 |
| feeding lambs high-oleate or high-linoleate safflower seeds differentially influences carcass fatty acid composition. | our objective was to determine effects of dietary high-oleate (oleate; 76% 18:1) or high-linoleate (linoleate; 78% 18:2) safflower seeds on fatty acids in muscle and adipose tissue of feedlot lambs. white-faced ewe lambs (n = 36) were fed a beet pulp, oat hay, and soybean meal basal diet (control), blocked by bw, and allotted randomly to dietary treatments. cracked safflower seeds were used in isocaloric and isonitrogenous replacement of beet pulp, oat hay, and soybean meal so that oleate and li ... | 2002 | 11890397 |
| production and characterization of pullulan from beet molasses using a nonpigmented strain of aureobasidium pullulans in batch culture. | the production of pullulan from beet molasses by a pigment-free strain of aztreobasidium pullulans on shake-flask culture was investigated. combined pretreatment of molasses with sulfuric acid and activated carbon to remove potential fermentation inhibitors present in molasses resulted in a maximum pullulan concentration of 24 g/l, a biomass dry wt of 14 g/l, a pullulan yield of 52.5%, and a sugar utilization of 92% with optimum fermentation conditions (initial sugar concentration of 50 g/l and ... | 2002 | 11900113 |
| metal ions and flexibility in a viral rna pseudoknot at atomic resolution. | many pathogenic viruses use programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting to regulate translation of their structural and enzymatic proteins from polycistronic mrnas. frameshifting is commonly stimulated by a pseudoknot located downstream from a slippery sequence, the latter positioned at the ribosomal a and p sites. we report here the structures of two crystal forms of the frameshifting rna pseudoknot from beet western yellow virus at resolutions of 1.25 and 2.85 a. because of the very high resolution ... | 2002 | 11904368 |
| effect of plant oils and aspartate on rumen fermentation in vitro. | the effect of plant oils and aspartate (asp) on rumen fermentation in vitro. the objective of this study was to determine the effect of plant oils (rapeseed - ro, sunflower - so; linseed - lo; 10% wt/wt) and 8 mmol sodium aspartate on rumen fermentation of a diet (250 mg) consisting of hay, barley and sugar beet molasses (60 : 30 : 10). rumen fluid was collected from two slovak merino sheep fed the same diet twice daily. mixed ruminal micro-organisms were incubated in fermentation fluid (40 ml) ... | 2001 | 11906562 |
| adaptation from whitefly to leafhopper transmission of an autonomously replicating nanovirus-like dna component associated with ageratum yellow vein disease. | ageratum yellow vein disease is caused by the whitefly-transmitted monopartite begomovirus ageratum yellow vein virus and a dna beta satellite component. naturally occurring symptomatic plants also contain an autonomously replicating nanovirus-like dna 1 component that relies on the begomovirus and dna beta for systemic spread and whitefly transmission but is not required for maintenance of the disease. here, we show that systemic movement of dna 1 occurs in nicotiana benthamiana when co-inocula ... | 2002 | 11907341 |
| glycon specificity profiling of alpha-glucosidases using monodeoxy and mono-o-methyl derivatives of p-nitrophenyl alpha-d-glucopyranoside. | hydrolysis of probe substrates, eight possible monodeoxy and mono-o-methyl analogs of p-nitrophenyl alpha-d-glucopyranoside (pnp alpha-d-glc), modified at the c-2, c-3, c-4, and c-6 positions, was studied as part of investigations into the glycon specificities of seven alpha-glucosidases (ec 3.2.1.20) isolated from saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus stearothermophilus, honeybee (two enzymes), sugar beet, flint corn, and aspergillus niger. the glucosidases from sugar beet, flint corn, and a. nige ... | 2002 | 11909596 |
| purification and characterization of thermostable endo-1,5-alpha-l-arabinase from a strain of bacillus thermodenitrificans. | a strain of a thermophilic bacterium, tentatively designated bacillus thermodenitrificans ts-3, with arabinan-degrading activity was isolated. it produced an endo-arabinase (abn) (ec 3.2.1.99) and two arabinofuranosidases (ec 3.2.1.55) extracellularly when grown at 60 degrees c on a medium containing sugar beet arabinan. the abn (tentatively called an abn-ts) was purified 7,417-fold by anion-exchange, hydrophobic, size exclusion, and hydroxyapatite chromatographies. the molecular mass of abn-ts ... | 2002 | 11916679 |
| [effect of plant preparations on lipid peroxidation parameters in acute toxic hepatitis]. | the influence of the original vegetable complexes (which include: juices of beet-rout and carrot, decoction of degrose berries, extracts of corn silk, leaves of peppermint and some other components) on the indicators of the cytolysis, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system of serum of the laboratory rats with acute toxic hepatitis, was investigated. the vegetable complexes exhibited antioxidant effects which were proved by the reduction of the final and intermediate products of lipoperoxidiza ... | 2001 | 11925749 |
| the aspergillus niger faeb gene encodes a second feruloyl esterase involved in pectin and xylan degradation and is specifically induced in the presence of aromatic compounds. | the faeb gene encoding a second feruloyl esterase from aspergillus niger has been cloned and characterized. it consists of an open reading frame of 1644 bp containing one intron. the gene encodes a protein of 521 amino acids that has sequence similarity to that of an aspergillus oryzae tannase. however, the encoded enzyme, feruloyl esterase b (faeb), does not have tannase activity. comparison of the physical characteristics and substrate specificity of faeb with those of a cinnamoyl esterase fro ... | 2002 | 11931668 |
| production of fructose and ethanol from sugar beet molasses using saccharomyces cerevisiae atcc 36858. | the production of enriched fructose syrups and ethanol from beet molasses using saccharomyces cerevisiae atcc 36858 was studied. in batch experiments with a total sugar concentration between 94.9 and 312.4 g/l, the fructose yield was above 93% of the theoretical value. the ethanol yield and volumetric productivity in the beet molasses media with sugar concentration below 276.2 g/l were in the range of 59-76% of theoretical value and between 0.48 and 2.97 g of ethanol/(l x h), respectively. the f ... | 2002 | 11934290 |
| production of bacterial cellulose from alternate feedstocks. | production of bacterial cellulose by acetobacter xylinum atcc 10821 and 23770 in static cultures was tested from unamended food process effluents. effluents included low-solids (ls) and high-solids (hs) potato effluents, cheese whey permeate (cw), or sugar beet raffinate (csb). strain 23770 produced 10% less cellulose from glucose than did strain 10821 and diverted more glucose to gluconate. unamended hs, cw, and csb were unsuitable for cellulose production by either strain, and ls was unsuitabl ... | 2001 | 11963879 |
| effects of different fibre sources and fat addition on cholesterol and cholesterol-related lipids in blood serum, bile and body tissues of growing pigs. | knowledge is limited on the efficacy of hindgut-fermentable dietary fibre to reduce blood, bile and body tissue cholesterol levels. in three experiments with growing pigs the effects of different kinds and levels of bacterially fermentable fibre (bfs) on cholesterol metabolism were examined. various diets calculated to have similar contents of metabolizable energy were supplied for complete fattening periods. in the first experiment, a stepwise increase from 12 to 20% bfs was performed by supple ... | 2002 | 11972674 |
| biological control of cucumber and sugar beet damping-off caused by pythium ultimum with bacterial and fungal antagonists. | five bacterial strains belonging to bacillus subtilis, pseudomonas fluorescens and ps. corrugata and two fungal strains belonging to trichoderma viride and gliocladium virens were evaluated for their efficacy in controlling sugar beet and cucumber damping-off caused by pythium ultimum. | 2002 | 12010548 |
| effects of virus concentration and ultraviolet irradiation on the activity of corn earworm and beet armyworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) nucleopolyhedroviruses. | laboratory studies were initiated to determine the relationship between virus concentration and radiation-caused inactivation of npvs from helicoverpa zea (hzsnpv) and spodoptera exigua (semnpv). in the laboratory, a uv-b/uv-a system was used for inactivation studies. for both viruses inactivation was dependent upon both length of uv exposure and virus concentration. at all virus concentrations hzsnpv was more sensitive to uv than semnpv. in the field hzsnpv was used and virus persistence was si ... | 2002 | 12019996 |
| evaluation of peracid activated organophosphates in studies of insecticide resistance conferred by insensitive acetylcholinesterases. | peracid activated organophosphorus (op) insecticides were evaluated against electric eel and a range of insect acetylcholinesterases (ache). incubation of chlorpyrifos and sulprofos with meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mcpba) produced active metabolites capable of distinguishing between ache enzymes conferring op susceptibility and resistance in populations of the tobacco whitefly, bemisia tabaci gennadius, and the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hubner. these products were also active against e ... | 2002 | 12020023 |
| pseudomonas fluorescens dr54 reduces sclerotia formation, biomass development, and disease incidence of rhizoctonia solani causing damping-off in sugar beet. | effects of the biocontrol strain, pseudomonas fluorescens dr54, on growth and disease development by rhizoctonia solani causing damping-off in sugar beet were studied in soil microcosms and in pot experiments with natural, clay-type soil. in pot experiments with p. fluorescens dr54-treated seeds, significantly fewer rhizoctonia-challenged seedlings showed damping-off symptoms than when not inoculated with the biocontrol agent. in the rhizosphere of p. fluorescens dr54 inoculated seeds, the bacte ... | 2001 | 12024268 |
| [hepatoprotective effect of plant preparations]. | the hepatoprotector activity of original compositions of plant origin, containing beet and carrot juices, decoction of dog rose fruits, and extracts of corn silk, peppermint leaves, and common horsetail herbs was studied on an acute hepatitis model induced by tetrachloromethane. an analysis of the data on the hepatocyte cytolysis, cholestasis, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant system of blood serum showed that the preparations possess membranoprotector and antioxidant properties. this was mani ... | 2002 | 12025784 |