| structural characterization of ibv glycoproteins. | | 1984 | 6331130 |
| increased incidence of airsacculitis in broilers infected with mycoplasma synoviae and chicken-passaged infectious bronchitis vaccine virus. | infectious bronchitis vaccine virus is thought to cycle (i.e., pass from vaccine-virus-infected to susceptible chickens) in commercial broiler and pullet flocks. to simulate the effect of this cycling, mild infectious bronchitis vaccine virus was passaged in chickens serially six times. this sixth passage virus was used to infect chickens, which were then exposed to a moderately cold environment of 10 +/- 2 c and to mycoplasma synoviae. in two separate experiments, the chicken-passaged vaccine v ... | 1984 | 6331363 |
| influence of mycoplasma gallisepticum, infectious bronchitis, and cyclophosphamide on chickens protected by native intestinal microflora against salmonella typhimurium or escherichia coli. | chickens that have considerable resistance to salmonella typhimurium or escherichia coli infection by early development of a native intestinal microflora shed these bacteria following aerosol exposure to mycoplasma gallisepticum and/or infectious bronchitis virus. administration of cyclophosphamide to similarly treated chickens induced slight shedding of these bacteria, and the combination of cyclophosphamide and respiratory agents magnified the shedding rate. these agents also influenced the is ... | 1984 | 6331365 |
| observations on the preparation and stability of infectious bronchitis virus hemagglutination antigen from virus propagated in chicken embryos and chicken kidney cell cultures. | a total of 166 infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) hemagglutination (ha) antigen preparations were made during a 30-month period from allanto-amnionic fluid (aaf) from chicken embryos inoculated with 10 different ibv strains (mass 41, conn 46, h52, florida 18288, ark 99, jmk, t, holte, ef, se17). antigens were prepared by inoculating 9- or 10-day-old embryos with 10(5.0) to 10(6.5) eid50 ibv, harvesting aaf after a 30-hour-postinoculation incubation, and phospholipase c (plc) treatment of virus co ... | 1984 | 6331366 |
| modification of three avian viruses passaged in chinese hamster lung cells (don) in pathogenicity to chicken embryo. | the beaudette 42 strain of avian infectious bronchitis virus, sato strain of newcastle disease virus, and uchida strain of avian reovirus were passaged in chinese hamster lung cells (don), and some properties were examined. the don-passaged strains showed a difference in replication in don and chicken embryo kidney cells in one-step growth curve examinations and a partial modification in pathogenicity to chicken embryos; nevertheless, neutralization tests revealed no serological alteration. | 1984 | 6331368 |
| comparison of a microneutralisation test with elisa and precipitin tests for detection of antibodies to infectious bronchitis virus in chickens. | a microneutralisation test for infectious bronchitis virus using virus antigens available in australia, cell culture medium containing low concentrations of serum and an elevated incubation temperature is described. the technique was economical on reagents and of comparable sensitivity to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the value of the microneutralisation, elisa and precipitin tests in assessing the serological response of a flock of commercial chickens to vaccine and natural vir ... | 1983 | 6347166 |
| evaluation of inactivated mycoplasma gallisepticum oil-emulsion bacterins for protection against airsacculitis in broilers. | broiler chicks were vaccinated subcutaneously in the neck at various ages with a single 0.5-ml dose of beta-propiolactone-inactivated mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) oil-emulsion bacterin. four weeks later, vaccinated and control chicks were placed in cold environmental cabinets, infected with infectious bronchitis virus intratracheally, and 2 days later challenged by aerosol exposure to live mg broth culture. all chicks were killed 21 days later and scored postmortem for the rate and severity of ... | 1984 | 6721795 |
| lymphoid organ and serologic responses of gnotobiotic and conventional chickens to infectious bronchitis virus and mixed infections of mycoplasma synoviae and escherichia coli. | | 1980 | 7009048 |
| characterization of a feline infectious peritonitis virus isolate. | a virus isolated in cell culture from the spleen of a cat with feline infectious peritonitis was identified by physicochemical, morphological and antigenic criteria as a coronavirus. the feline infectious peritonitis virus was compared in vitro with canine coronavirus, a reported enteric pathogen of dogs. the feline isolate was characterized, by chloroform sensitivity and resistance to 5-iododeoxyuridine, respectively, as containing essential lipid and an rna genome. other traits of the isolate ... | 1981 | 7467085 |
| experimental evidence of recombination in coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. | embryonated eggs were coinfected with two strains of the coronavirus avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), ibv-beaudette and ibv-m41, to investigate whether recombination between the two strains would occur. virions were isolated from the allantoic fluid of the coinfected eggs and putative hybrid rnas were detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), using strain-specific oligonucleotides. pcr products, of the expected sizes, were obtained as predicted from potential recombination events betw ... | 1995 | 7491781 |
| molecular mimicry between fc receptors and viral antigens. | molecular mimicry has been characterized as the presence of common epitopes, either linear or conformational, shared by host and microbial determinants. such cross-reactivity may lead to an autoimmune disease. on the other hand molecular mimicry between certain viral proteins and host determinant may protect invading virus to be eliminated by immune system and may promote persistence. in this mini-review i discuss the molecular mimicry of s peplomer protein of mouse hepatitis virus, strain jhm ( ... | 1994 | 7503651 |
| epitopes on the spike protein of a nephropathogenic strain of infectious bronchitis virus. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), the first coronavirus described, was initially associated with severe respiratory disease. however, outbreaks have more recently also been associated with nephropathogenesis. topographically interrelated antigenic determinants of the nephropathogenic gray strain of ibv were characterized using eleven monoclonal antibodies (mabs). four mabs (igg 2a kappa) defined epitopes that were both conformation-independent and group specific, reacting with gray, arkansas (a ... | 1993 | 7504916 |
| molecular cloning and sequence comparison of the s1 glycoprotein of the gray and jmk strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus. | the nucleotide sequences of s1 glycoprotein genes of the gray and jmk strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were determined and compared with published sequences for ibv. the ibv gray and jmk strains had 99% nucleotide sequence similarity. the overall nucleotide sequence similarity of the gray and jmk strains compared with other ibv strains was between 82.0% and 87.4%. the similarity of the predicted amino acid sequence for the s1 glycoproteins of the gray and jmk strains was 98.8%. ... | 1995 | 7597801 |
| comparison of immunity and resistance to diseases in male and female poultry breeders in lebanon. | the immune responses following vaccination and resistance to diseases were compared in male and female meat poultry breeders of the same flock. female poultry breeders maintained antibody titres to newcastle disease virus and infectious bronchitis virus up to the fifty-fifth day following vaccination, whereas those of the males declined significantly over the same period of time (p < 0.05). in the same flock, outbreaks of gumboro disease (60 to 62 days of age), coccidiosis (68 to 74 days of age) ... | 1995 | 7652940 |
| avian infectious bronchitis virus: differences between 793/b and other strains. | | 1995 | 7660563 |
| bordetella avium: an opportunistic pathogen in leghorn chickens. | experiments were conducted in order to produce bordetellosis in specific-pathogen-free (spf) leghorn chickens. in the first and second of three experiments, young turkeys and chickens, respectively, were allotted into groups and challenged at 2 weeks of age with one of seven different isolates of bordetella avium and two isolates of b. avium-like bacteria. isolates of b. avium with the smooth colony type were pathogenic in turkeys but not in chickens. the b. avium-like bacteria and b. avium isol ... | 1995 | 7677659 |
| measurement of antibody titer to fowl pox virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the usefulness of the measurement of antibody titer to fowl pox virus (fpv) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was evaluated in spf chickens with or without inoculation with fpv. the optimum concentration of purified antigen was 10 micrograms/ml of protein. the absorbance at 492 nm was less than 0.10 in the chickens negative to fpv from 1 to 63 days old. by contrast, a higher titer was detected in spf chickens with various fpvs inoculated into the wing web than in non-inoculated chicke ... | 1994 | 7696418 |
| avian infectious bronchitis: specific lachrymal iga level and resistance against challenge. | since circulating antibody titres against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) often correlate poorly with protection against re-infection, the lachrymal specific iga level of ibv vaccinated chickens was evaluated as an indicator of resistance against challenge. for this purpose, the post-vaccination (pv) ibv specific lachrymal iga response was monitored in 30 chickens at 3-day intervals until a rise of this specific isotype was detected. on day 19 pv, all birds (vaccinated group and non-vaccinated ... | 1994 | 7701859 |
| effects of modified-live infectious bronchitis virus vaccines on the head-associated lymphoid tissue (halt). | specific-pathogen-free (spf) leghorn chicks were inoculated with different modified-live infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) vaccines to determine if the vaccines interfered with immune competence of the head region. a total of 16 vaccines were evaluated comprising nine massachusetts, three arkansas, two holland, one florida, and one combination vaccine (containing both connecticut and massachusetts). chicks were vaccinated when they were 4 weeks, 2 weeks, or 1 day of age. when all chickens were 4 ... | 1994 | 7702519 |
| influence of site of inoculation of inactivated vaccines of the immune response in chickens. | commercial caged laying chickens were primed with live newcastle disease/infectious bronchitis (nd/ib) combined vaccines by spray method at 2, 5, and 9 weeks of age. at 16 weeks of age, birds were inoculated with inactivated nd/1b combined vaccines either intramuscularly, in the breast, wing, or thigh, or subcutaneously, at the back of the neck. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum antibodies to nd virus and ib virus in experimental chickens before injection and every 8 ... | 1994 | 7702520 |
| preliminary studies of primary ostrich fibroblasts for the isolation of ratite viruses. | an ostrich egg at 21 days of development was used to propagate primary embryo cell cultures. primary cultures of skeletal muscle cells (for fibroblasts) were prepared by routine typsinization techniques. the ostrich embryo fibroblasts were tested for their ability to propagate stock avian viruses of infectious bronchitis virus, paramyxiovirus-1 (pmv-1), pmv-2, pmv-3, infectious bursal disease virus, quail bronchitis virus, avian reovirus, turkey coronavirus, and two ostrich-originating specimens ... | 1994 | 7702522 |
| a novel variant of avian infectious bronchitis virus resulting from recombination among three different strains. | an antigenic variant of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), a coronavirus, was isolated and characterized. this strain, cu-t2, possesses a number of unusual features, which have not been previously observed in ibv. the s1 glycoprotein of cu-t2 carries virus-neutralizing and serotype-specific epitopes of two ibv serotypes, arkansas (ark) and massachusetts (mass). sequence analysis revealed that the virus, originally an ark serotype, has acquired the mass-specific epitope by mutation(s). this ... | 1995 | 7710354 |
| differential diagnosis of infectious laryngotracheitis from other avian respiratory diseases by a simplified pcr procedure. | a simple polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based procedure was developed for the detection of avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) in chicken trachea, chorio-allantoic membrane (cam), infected hepatoma cells and infectious cell culture supernatant. samples were prepared by dilution in distilled water. after boiling and low speed centrifugation, samples were used for pcr analysis with two primers without special labeling. the pcr analysis for ilt virus could be completed in less than 8 h ... | 1994 | 7714054 |
| characterisation and mutational analysis of an orf 1a-encoding proteinase domain responsible for proteolytic processing of the infectious bronchitis virus 1a/1b polyprotein. | coronavirus gene expression involves proteolytic processing of the mrna 1-encoded polyproteins by viral and cellular proteinases. recently, we have demonstrated that an orf 1b-encoded 100-kda protein is proteolytically cleaved from the 1a/1b fusion polyprotein by a viral-specific proteinase of the picornavirus 3c proteinase group (3c-like proteinase). in this report, the 3c-like proteinase has been further analysed by internal deletion of a 2.3-kb fragment between the 3c-like proteinase-encoding ... | 1995 | 7778277 |
| the effect of microaerosolized hydrogen peroxide on bacterial and viral poultry pathogens. | the effect of microaerosolized h2o2 on bacterial and viral poultry pathogens was investigated. bacterial cultures and viruses were dried on sterile glass petri dishes and subjected to direct and indirect 5% (h2o2) microaerosol mist. in the trials using escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus, there was complete inactivation following exposure to h2o2. using salmonella typhimurium, indirect exposure resulted in only partial inactivation whereas direct exposure to h2o2 gave complete inactivatio ... | 1994 | 7816725 |
| in vivo evaluation of the pathogenicity of field isolates of infectious bronchitis virus. | the pathogenicity of 13 field isolates of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) isolated from georgia broiler farms from 1989 to 1992 was evaluated using the ibv and escherichia coli mixed-infection model. based on the clinical signs, mortality, and lesions, the isolates were classified as high, intermediate, and low in pathogenicity. the in vivo classification was compared with the serotype classification results obtained by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment lengt ... | 1994 | 7832713 |
| a serosurvey using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies against poultry pathogens in ostriches (struthio camelus) from zimbabwe. | horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-ostrich igg was raised and used in commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits to detect antibodies reactive with 11 poultry pathogens in sera from 149 ostriches from nine farms around zimbabwe. antibodies were detected to turkey rhinotracheitis virus (99%), newcastle disease virus (23%), avian reovirus (19%), infectious bursal disease virus (15%), avian encephalomyelitis virus (15%), mycoplasma gallisepticum and/or m. synoviae (11%), reticuloend ... | 1994 | 7832718 |
| diseases and management of backyard chicken flocks in chitungwiza, zimbabwe. | to gather information on backyard chicken flocks in chitungwiza, an urban center in zimbabwe, 85 flock owners were interviewed. the mean flock size was 53 birds (range 1-650), and most birds were kept for meat, for either domestic consumption or local sale. mean age at slaughter was 12.4 weeks (range 8-24). none of the owners vaccinated their birds, and reported mortality rates were high (mean 25%), most commonly being associated with diseases causing eye and respiratory problems. most owners co ... | 1994 | 7832719 |
| complete sequence (20 kilobases) of the polyprotein-encoding gene 1 of transmissible gastroenteritis virus. | the entire nucleotide sequence of cloned cdnas containing the 5'-untranslated region and gene 1 of purdue-115 strain of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) was determined. this completes the sequence of the tgev genome, which is 28,579 nucleotides long. the gene 1 is composed of two large open reading frames, orf1a and orf1b, which contain 4017 and 2698 codons, respectively (stop excluded). a brief, three-codon-long orf is present upstream of orf1a. orf1b overlaps orf1a by 43 bases in the ... | 1995 | 7856095 |
| evolutionary implications of genetic variations in the s1 gene of infectious bronchitis virus. | the large number of phenotypically distinct strains of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) provide a broad genetic background for examining naturally occurring coronavirus variation. comparisons of the published nucleotide sequence of s1 genes of strains isolated in europe, japan and the usa and four additional american strains described in this report identified 4 genetically distinct groups. the dutch group was the most divergent sharing only about 60% identity with the american, mass and europe ... | 1994 | 7856318 |
| experimental infection with avian infectious bronchitis virus (kagoshima-34 strain) in chicks at different ages. | chicks at 2, 4 or 6 weeks of age were experimentally infected individually with a nephrosis/nephritis-causing avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strain kagoshima-34. the susceptibility of chicks in each group to the infection was compared, based on the clinical signs, excretion of virus in the faeces and antibody titres in the serum. the results showed that although all chicks appeared to be susceptible to ibv infection, the most severe clinical response was observed following infection at ... | 1994 | 7948370 |
| comparison of the susceptibility of chicks of different ages to infection with nephrosis/nephritis-causing strain of infectious bronchitis virus. | two- and 6-week-old chicks were inoculated with the kagoshima-34 strain of avian infectious bronchitis virus. serum, bile, harderian gland, lachrymal fluid, saliva and tracheal washings were collected and their antibody content determined using neutralisation tests. the neutralising antibody (na) in the serum and bile was detected earlier and in slightly higher concentration in the 6-week-old chicks. although there was no marked difference in the levels of na in other body fluids, it was detecte ... | 1994 | 7948371 |
| effect of nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis viruses on renal function in young male broiler chickens. | 1. the acute effects of challenge with australian t-strain infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) on renal function were evaluated, following primary vaccination in 1-d-old male broilers. 2. challenge with t-strain ibv decreased body weight and induced kidney hypertrophy and kidney asymmetry. 3. haematocrit was reduced in birds challenged with the australian t-strain ibv and plasma uric acid was elevated in unvaccinated birds exposed to the ibv challenge. 4. challenge with t-strain ibv caused signifi ... | 1994 | 7953788 |
| effect of mixed live vaccine (newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis) and mycoplasma gallisepticum on the chicken respiratory tract and on escherichia coli infection. | interaction between mixed live vaccine (newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis), mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and escherichia coli (ec) was studied in specific-pathogen-free chickens, aged 7 days, inoculated intranasally. in the tracheas of chickens inoculated with vaccine, mg and ec, profuse multiplication of ec occurred together with severe and persisent histological lesions, and some birds died from ec infection. similar though less dramatic effects occurred in birds that received vacci ... | 1994 | 7962725 |
| the s1 glycoprotein but not the n or m proteins of avian infectious bronchitis virus induces protection in vaccinated chickens. | the s1, n and m proteins, obtained from the nephropathogenic n1/62 strain of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) by immunoaffinity purification with monoclonal antibodies, were used for immunization of chickens. for all three antigens multiple immunizations were necessary for induction of an antibody response. protection of chickens vaccinated with the s1 glycoprotein against virulent challenge was demonstrated by the complete absence of virus in tracheas and kidneys of vaccinated chickens. follow ... | 1994 | 7980002 |
| a 'novel' infectious bronchitis strain infecting broiler chickens in italy. | an outbreak of severe respiratory disease in flocks of broiler chickens was associated with the isolation of a 'novel' strain of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). the isolate, designated 624/i, was isolated from 9 of the 11 flocks sampled. the results of cross neutralisation and haemagglutination-inhibition tests showed isolate 624/i to be antigenically distinct from several european and american strains. in a serological survey carried out on affected flocks, specific antibodies to ibv strain ... | 1994 | 7985434 |
| mouse hepatitis virus gene 5b protein is a new virion envelope protein. | highly purified radiolabeled mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) a59 contained a previously overlooked protein which coelectrophoreses with the gene 5b product immunoprecipitated from infected cells. the gene 5b protein is post-translationally acylated. rabbit antibody raised against a recombinant gene 5b protein expressed in escherichia coli neutralized viral infectivity in the presence of complement, although not in the absence of complement. immunofluorescent staining of mhv-infected cells with two a ... | 1994 | 8030202 |
| coronavirus polyprotein processing. | mhv gene 1 contains two orfs in different reading frames. translation proceeds through orf 1a into orf 1b via a translational frame-shift. orf 1a potentially encodes three protease activities, two papain-like activities and one poliovirus 3c-like activity. of the three predicted activities, only the more amino terminal papain-like domain has been demonstrated to have protease activity. orf 1a polypeptides have been detected in infected cells by the use of antibodies. the order of polypeptides en ... | 1994 | 8032266 |
| characterization of a replicating and packaged defective rna of avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. | the beaudette strain of ibv was passaged 16 times in chick kidney cells. total cellular rna was analyzed by northern hybridization and was probed with 32p-labeled cdna probes corresponding to the first 2 kb of the 5' end of the genome, but excluding the leader, and to the last 1.8 kb of the 3' end of the genome. a new, defective ibv rna species (cd-91) was detected at passage 6. the defective rna, present in total cell extract rna and in oligo-(dt)30-selected rna from passage 15, was amplified b ... | 1994 | 8053152 |
| a 100-kilodalton polypeptide encoded by open reading frame (orf) 1b of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus is processed by orf 1a products. | the genome-length mrna (mrna 1) of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) contains two large open reading frames (orfs), 1a and 1b, with the potential to encode polypeptides of 441 and 300 kda, respectively. the downstream orf, orf 1b, is expressed by a ribosomal frameshifting mechanism. in an effort to detect viral polypeptides encoded by orf 1b in virus-infected cells, immunoprecipitations were carried out with a panel of region-specific antisera. a polypeptide of approximately 100 ... | 1994 | 8057459 |
| pseudoknot-dependent read-through of retroviral gag termination codons: importance of sequences in the spacer and loop 2. | retroviruses whose gag and pol genes are in the same reading frame depend upon approximately 5% read-through of the gag uag termination codon to make the gag-pol polyprotein. for murine leukemia virus, this read-through is dependent on a pseudoknot located eight nucleotides 3' of the uag. other retroviruses whose gag and pol genes are in the same frame can potentially form similar pseudoknots 3' of their uag codons. beyond the similar secondary structures, there is strong sequence conservation i ... | 1994 | 8076609 |
| coronavirus m proteins accumulate in the golgi complex beyond the site of virion budding. | the prevailing hypothesis is that the intracellular site of budding of coronaviruses is determined by the localization of its membrane protein m (previously called e1). we tested this by analyzing the site of budding of four different coronaviruses in relation to the intracellular localization of their m proteins. mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) and infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) grown in sac(-) cells, and feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) g ... | 1994 | 8083990 |
| differentiation of infectious bronchitis virus serotypes using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis were used to differentiate between serotypes of several infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strains. a sequence of 1720 base pairs (bp) that contains the s1 glycoprotein gene of ibv was amplified by pcr, purified, and digested with restriction enzymes. eleven reference ibv strains were grouped according to the rflp patterns. the ibv holte, arkansas dpi, se 17, md 27, and iowa 97 strains could be differenti ... | 1993 | 8095782 |
| coronavirus immunogens. | coronaviruses (cv) infect a variety of livestock, poultry and companion animals. they belong to at least five antigenic groups. cv cause localized infections of the respiratory and/or intestinal tracts, with the exception of feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis (hev) which cause systemic infections. the enteropathogenic cv infect the villous enterocytes resulting in villous atrophy leading to malabsorptive diarrhea. several cv (bovine cv-bcv, porcine ... | 1993 | 8116187 |
| cellular response of the respiratory tract of chickens to infection with massachusetts 41 and australian t infectious bronchitis viruses. | cellular response of chickens to infection with infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was investigated by lavage of the respiratory tract of five 2-week-old specific-pathogen-free (spf) chickens at 2, 8, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours postinfection (pi) with either massachusetts 41 (ibv-m41) or australian t (ibv-t) ibv. tissue response was monitored by microscopic examination of trachea and lung from five non-lavaged infected chickens collected at the same intervals. the total number of cells recovered by ... | 1993 | 8141754 |
| analysis of messenger rna within virions of ibv. | the presence of subgenomic mrnas (sgrnas) in virions of infectious bronchitis virus was examined by probing northern blots of rna extracted from virions using as a probe a cdna of the 3'-terminal nucleocapsid protein (n) gene. the sgrnas were readily detected even after extensive purification of virions and after rnase a treatment of virions. the molar ratio of grna to each sgrna was in the range 25 to 400 for ibv-m41 and 10 to 30 for ibv-beaudette. after comparison with the molar ratios of geno ... | 1993 | 8209718 |
| molecular mimicry between s peplomer proteins of coronaviruses (mhv, bcv, tgev and ibv) and fc receptor. | in previous studies we have demonstrated molecular mimicry between the s peplomer protein of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) and fc gamma receptor (fc gamma r) of igg. rabbit igg, but not its f(ab')2 fragments, monoclonal rat and mouse igg and the rat 2.4g2 anti-mouse fc gamma r monoclonal antibody (mab) immunoprecipitated natural and recombinant mhv s protein. on the basis of a number of criteria, mhv s peplomer protein exhibits fc igg binding ability. we report here a molecular mimicry between the ... | 1993 | 8209728 |
| n-acetylneuraminic acid plays a critical role for the haemagglutinating activity of avian infectious bronchitis virus and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus. | porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) was found to resemble avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in its interaction with erythrocytes. inactivation of the receptors on erythrocytes by neuraminidase treatment and restoration of receptors by reattaching n-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5ac) to cell surface components indicated that alpha 2,3-linked neu5ac serves as a receptor determinant for tgev as has been reported recently for ibv. similar to ibv, the haemagglutinating activity of tg ... | 1993 | 8209748 |
| characterization of ibv variant strain pl 84084 isolated in france. | | 1993 | 8209760 |
| structural proteins of avian infectious bronchitis virus: role in immunity and protection. | the antigenicity of the s1, m and n proteins of avian infectious bronchitis virus was compared following immunization of chickens with live and inactivated virus. the n protein was immunodominant antigen inducing cross-reactive antibodies in high titres whereas the s1 glycoprotein induced serotype-specific and cross-reactive antibodies. the m glycoprotein elicited antibodies in low titres and of limited cross-reactivity. immunization of chickens with the purified n and m proteins did not induce ... | 1993 | 8209767 |
| characterization of the human coronavirus 229e (hcv 229e) gene 1. | the sequence of the hcv 229e gene 1 has been determined and compared with the homologous sequences of the murine hepatitis virus and the avian infectious bronchitis virus. the coding sequence of gene 1 is 20,273 nucleotides in length. within this coding region are two large open reading frames, orf 1a (4,086 codons) and orf 1b (2,687 codons) which overlap by 40 nucleotides. in the overlapping region, the genomic rna can be folded into a pseudoknot structure, an element which is known to mediate ... | 1993 | 8209774 |
| [serologic monitoring of pullet and laying hen flocks in switzerland: results from the years 1990 and 1991]. | in 1990 and 1991 4522 blood samples from 398 pullet flocks and 1338 blood samples from 128 laying flocks were monitored for antibody against infectious bronchitis virus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, adenovirus, reovirus, infectious bursal disease virus, newcastle disease virus, mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae. the results are discussed for pullets and laying hens. | 1993 | 8211056 |
| antibody detection in matched chicken sera and egg-yolk samples by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits for newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, infectious bursal disease virus, and avian reovirus. | elisa kits have been used to detect antibody in egg yolk. the major advantage eggs offer over blood samples is the ability to collect samples without compromising flock biosecurity. a disadvantage to using egg yolk over sera concerns the method of preparing yolk for antibody testing. the technique used in this study involved a simple dilution method with no mixing or extraction. to determine the adequacy of yolk samples to replace serum samples, a serum sample and the first six eggs were obtaine ... | 1993 | 8257378 |
| distinct structural elements and internal entry of ribosomes in mrna3 encoded by infectious bronchitis virus. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) mrna3 encodes three small proteins, 3a, 3b, and 3c, at its 5' end. recently, it was demonstrated that initiation of protein 3c is dependent on the upstream sequence. monte carlo simulations of rna folding in this tricistronic mrna3 indicate that a highly significant folding region occurs prior to the initiator aug of 3c. the unusual folding region (ufr) of 265 nucleotides (nt) contains the coding sequences of proteins 3a and 3b. details of the structural analyse ... | 1994 | 8259681 |
| dot-blot hybridization using digoxigenin-labeled cdna probe complementary to the s1 gene of avian infectious bronchitis virus permits discrimination between virus strains. | digoxigenin-dutp-labeled dna probe was prepared from a cdna clone complementary to the gene encoding s1 region of the spike protein of infectious bronchitis coronavirus (ibv) strain m41. the probe exclusively reacted with four strains at 56 degrees c which were grouped to the same serotype as the strain used for the probe. in contrast, at 68 degrees c, the probe reacted only with the homologous strain and did not react even with the strains belonging to the same serotype. the dot-blot hybridizat ... | 1993 | 8286524 |
| nucleotide sequence of the human coronavirus 229e rna polymerase locus. | the nucleotide sequence of the human coronavirus 229e (hcv 229e) rna polymerase gene and the 5' region of the genome has been determined. the polymerase gene is comprised of two large open reading frames, orf1a and orf1b, that contain 4086 and 2687 codons, respectively. orf1b overlaps orf1a by 43 bases in the (-1) reading frame. the in vitro translation of sp6 transcripts which include hcv 229e sequences encompassing the orf1a/orf1b junction show that expression of orf1b can be mediated by ribos ... | 1993 | 8337838 |
| evidence of natural recombination within the s1 gene of infectious bronchitis virus. | during an outbreak of severe respiratory disease, a field strain of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), pp14, was isolated from a bird in a texas flock that had been previously vaccinated with an attenuated mass serotype virus. after cloning and sequencing the s1 gene from several ibv strains, it was found that the 5' end of the cdna was 96% identical to the published sequences of mass41 and 77% identical with ark99. the following 402 bases which included the hypervariable regions (hvr) of the s1 ... | 1993 | 8380672 |
| polymerase chain reaction and a biotin-labeled dna probe for detection of infectious bronchitis virus in chickens. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and a biotin-labeled dna probe were used to amplify and detect the genome of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) from tracheal swabs taken from chickens that were experimentally inoculated with the ibv beaudette, arkansas, and gray strains. the viral genome was successfully detected by pcr and confirmed by dot-hybridization assay using a biotin-labeled dna probe on days 1, 3, 9, and 14 after exposure. direct electron microscopy (em) analysis was used to compare the ... | 1993 | 8383958 |
| a monoclonal antibody blocking elisa to detect serotype-specific infectious bronchitis virus antibodies. | a monoclonal antibody (mab) blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (b-elisa) was developed and compared to a conventional indirect elisa (i-elisa) and a virus-neutralization (vn) test for detection of specific antibodies to avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) serotypes. sera used in this study were derived from chickens experimentally inoculated with the three most prevalent ibv serotypes, arkansas (ark), connecticut (conn), and massachusetts (mass). overall, there was good correlation b ... | 1993 | 8384739 |
| analysis of a hypervariable region in the 3' non-coding end of the infectious bronchitis virus genome. | previous studies on infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) cdna have identified a region of about 184 bases in the 3' non-coding terminus of both the u.s. prototype strain (beaudette) and a japanese strain (kb8523), that was not present in an antigenically closely related u.s. strain, massachusetts (mass) 41 (boursnell et al., 1985; sutou et al., 1988). in order to investigate the origin and function of this region and its occurrence in nature, the cdna sequences of the 3' non-coding regions of three ... | 1993 | 8388141 |
| chemiluminescent detection of infectious bursal disease virus with a pcr-generated nonradiolabeled probe. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-generated digoxigenin-labeled nonradioactive oligonucleotide probe was developed and utilized in slot-blot hybridization coupled with chemiluminescence for the detection of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). the probe was prepared from the rna of the standard challenge strain (stc) of ibdv serotype 1 by reverse transcription followed by 2 pcr amplifications with 2 separate sets of primers. rna of stc viruses prepared from bursae infected with stc viruses wa ... | 1993 | 8389597 |
| oligonucleotide probes in infectious bronchitis virus diagnosis and strain identification. | genomic rna fingerprints of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strains m41 and conn46 were prepared to identify t1 rnase-resistant oligonucleotides 'unique' to each of the two ibv strains. such oligonucleotides were subsequently eluted from the gels and their nucleotide sequences determined. when oligonucleotide probes of those sequences were synthesized and used in a dot-blot hybridization assay, the probes lacked ibv strain-specificity and reacted with the rnas of homologous as well as heterolo ... | 1993 | 8390475 |
| sequence analysis of strains of avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus isolated during the 1960s in the u.k. | sequencing of parts of the spike, small membrane, and integral membrane protein genes of english isolates of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) isolated in the 1960s revealed that they were not the direct ancestors of those isolated in the 1980s. | 1993 | 8390829 |
| presence of subgenomic mrnas in virions of coronavirus ibv. | the presence of subgenomic mrnas in virions of ibv was examined by probing northern blots of rna extracted from virions using as a probe a cdna of the 3'-terminal nucleocapsid protein (n) gene. this detects all five mrnas because of the 3'-coterminal, nested-set arrangement of coronavirus mrnas. the mrnas were readily detected even after extensive purification of virions and after rnase a treatment of virions. in sucrose gradients the peaks of virus particles, genomic rna (grna), and mrnas were ... | 1993 | 8395112 |
| retention of a cis golgi protein requires polar residues on one face of a predicted alpha-helix in the transmembrane domain. | the first membrane-spanning domain (m1) of the model cis golgi protein m (formerly called e1) from the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus is required for targeting to the golgi complex. when inserted in place of the membrane-spanning domain of a plasma membrane protein (vesicular stomatitis virus g protein), the chimeric protein ("gm1") is retained in the golgi complex of transfected cells. to determine the precise features of the m1 domain responsible for golgi targeting, we produced ... | 1993 | 8400455 |
| ribosomal pausing during translation of an rna pseudoknot. | the genomic rna of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus contains an efficient ribosomal frameshift signal which comprises a heptanucleotide slippery sequence followed by an rna pseudoknot structure. the presence of the pseudoknot is essential for high-efficiency frameshifting, and it has been suggested that its function may be to slow or stall the ribosome in the vicinity of the slippery sequence. to test this possibility, we have studied translational elongation in vitro on mrnas enginee ... | 1993 | 8413285 |
| recent isolates of newcastle disease virus in australia. | forty-five recently isolated strains of newcastle disease virus and the v4 vaccine strain of newcastle disease virus were used to infect experimental chickens. neither v4 nor any of the new strains produced detectable clinical disease. all the viruses produced an antibody response and spread by contact. some of the newly isolated viruses produced a more rapid serological response than v4 virus did. dual or multiple infections with one of the new strains of newcastle disease virus, infectious bro ... | 1995 | 8545958 |
| a highly conserved epitope on the spike protein of infectious bronchitis virus. | the predicted amino acid sequence and secondary structures of s1 of the spike protein (s) of infectious bronchitis viral (ibv) strains from europe, the u.s.a., and japan were compared. an antigenic determinant that was highly conserved in both the primary amino acid sequence and secondary structure of all strains was identified between amino acid positions 240 to 255. a synthesized peptide corresponding to this region was found to react with all polyclonal antisera examined from various ibv stra ... | 1995 | 8572941 |
| turkey rhinotracheitis virus isolated from broiler chicken with swollen head syndrome in japan. | turkey rhinotracheitis (trt) virus was first isolated from a commercial broiler chicken with swollen head syndrome (shs) in japan. at the same time, newcastle disease virus (ndv), infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), avian reovirus (arv), escherichia coli (e.coli), morganella morganii, and proteus mirabilis were also isolated from the same broiler chicken. the presence of antibodies to trt virus was confirmed in the sera of 34-day-old chickens of the flock with shs, however the antibodies to trt v ... | 1995 | 8593307 |
| the infectious bronchitis virus nucleocapsid protein binds rna sequences in the 3' terminus of the genome. | the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) nucleocapsid protein was expressed as a bacterial fusion protein which differed from the native protein only in the addition of six amino terminus histidine residues. using rna overlay protein blot assays, the recombinant protein was shown to bind to rna fragments specific for the positive sense 3' noncoding end of the ibv genome. at greater concentrations of sodium chloride, the native and fusion nucleocapsid proteins similarly bound to g rna, representing ... | 1996 | 8599203 |
| sequence analysis of the s1 glycoprotein of infectious bronchitis viruses: identification of a novel genotypic group in australia. | sequencing of the s1 genes of nine australian strains of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) identified two genotypically distinct groups of strains. the strains vic s, v5/90, n1/62, n3/62, n9/74, and n2/75 comprised group i, sharing 80.7-98.3% identity in their deduced amino acid sequences. all group i strains were able to replicate in the trachea and kidney but only four strains, vic s, n1/62, n9/74, and n2/75, were nephropathogenic, the latter three causing mortalities ranging from 32 to 96%. g ... | 1996 | 8601775 |
| characterization in vitro of an autocatalytic processing activity associated with the predicted 3c-like proteinase domain of the coronavirus avian infectious bronchitis virus. | a region of the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) genome between nucleotide positions 8693 and 10927 which encodes the predicted 3c-like proteinase (3clp) domain and several potential cleavage sites has been clones into a t7 transcription vector. in vitro translation of synthetic transcripts generated from this plasmid was not accompanied by detectable processing activity of the nascent polypeptide unless the translation was carried out in the presence of microsomal membrane preparations. the pr ... | 1996 | 8627718 |
| a survey of the presence of a new infectious bronchitis virus designated 4/91 (793b). | on the basis of virus isolation and the demonstration of specific neutralising antibody in sera, infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) 4/91 (commonly called 793b) has been shown to be present in broiler, breeder and layer flocks of chickens in many parts of western europe and also in thailand and mexico. these flocks had all been vaccinated against infectious bronchitis and the need for improved methods to control this new virus, still prevalent at least four years after it was first isolated, is di ... | 1996 | 8677618 |
| isolation and identification of infectious bronchitis virus from pheasants. | | 1996 | 8686155 |
| z-membranes: artificial organelles for overexpressing recombinant integral membrane proteins. | we have expressed a fusion protein formed between the avian infectious bronchitis virus m protein and the bacterial enzyme beta-glucuronidase in transgenic tobacco cells. electron microscope images of such cells demonstrate that overexpression of this fusion protein gives rise to a type of endoplasmic reticulum membrane domain in which adjacent membranes become zippered together apparently as a consequence of the oligomerizing action of beta-glucuronidase. these zippered (z-) membranes lack mark ... | 1996 | 8700911 |
| avian infectious bronchitis: viral persistence in the harderian gland and histological changes after eyedrop vaccination. | the histological changes in the harderian gland (hg) induced by the attenuated h-120 infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) vaccine strain and the persistence of this virus in the stroma of the gland was evaluated in chickens after eyedrop vaccination. virus replication induced an increase in ibv-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody levels from marginal levels at vaccination (26 days of age) to significantly higher levels 10 days after exposure. ibv antigen was detected in the hg by bo ... | 1996 | 8713024 |
| experimental reproduction of severe hypoglycemia and spiking mortality syndrome using field-derived and embryo-passaged preparations. | the clinical signs, enteritis, weight depression, and hypoglycemia of spiking mortality syndrome were experimentally reproduced in broiler breeders and broiler chicks. inocula included 1) virus-like particles from intestines of chicks with spiking mortality syndrome that had been banded in a discontinuous renograffin gradient, 2) homogenized darkling beetles collected from litter of farms where spiking mortality syndrome had occurred repeatedly, and 3) homogenized embryos which had been inoculat ... | 1996 | 8713030 |
| embryo vaccination of chickens with infectious bronchitis virus: histologic and ultrastructural lesion response and immunologic response to vaccination. | chicken embryos 18 days of age and newly hatched chicks were vaccinated with an infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) vaccine (v-ibv) or with an ibv vaccine that had been serially passaged 40 times in chick kidney tissue culture (p-ibv). immunologic and pathologic changes in the chicks were compared at selected intervals until the 35th day. pathologic changes were evaluated by light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy. immunologic changes were assayed by a constant virus-diluting serum p ... | 1995 | 8719209 |
| detection of contamination of vaccines with the reticuloendotheliosis virus by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). | the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was applied to detect contamination of marek's disease (md) vaccine with reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev). the env primers were used for the 1st rt-pcr to amplify the dna fragments of rev-a and -t. the rel and env primers were used for nested-pcr to confirm the sites deleted from rev-t and rev-a. specific amplification products were detected in the 1st rt-pcr with these primers. by nested pcr with the env and the rel primer pairs, the ... | 1996 | 8725107 |
| comparison of the effects of infectious bronchitis and infectious laryngotracheitis on the chicken respiratory tract. | in infectious bronchitis (ib) virus infection of the chicken the upper and lower respiratory tracts were damaged, but infectious laryngotracheitis (ilt) virus caused lesions only in the upper respiratory tract. secondary infection with escherichia coli was apparent in the trachea of birds inoculated with either virus but was more striking in those given ib virus. serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, an acute-phase protein, occurred in higher concentrations in chickens inoculated with ib virus than i ... | 1996 | 8729076 |
| antimicrobial activity of chicken and turkey heterophil peptides chp1, chp2, thp1, and thp3. | four avian heterophil antimicrobial cationic peptides (chicken heterophil peptides 1 and 2, and turkey heterophil peptides 1 and 3) were evaluated for in vitro microbicidal activity against selected avian pathogens and human pathogens which are harbored by birds. at concentrations of 16-2 micrograms/ml, all four avian peptides effected a greater than 90% reduction in the survival of candida albicans, salmonella enteriditis, and campylobacter jejuni. none of the peptides, including the known anti ... | 1995 | 8748545 |
| concomitant ornithobacterium rhinotracheale and newcastle disease infection in broilers in south africa. | ornithobacterium rhinotracheale was first isolated from broilers in south africa in 1991. the importance of o. rhinotracheale infections has been established, with growth suppression, respiratory symptoms, and arthritis commonly seen as complications. dual infection with newcastle disease and o. rhinotracheale in 28-day-old broilers led to more severe respiratory lesions and higher mortality rates than in birds with only newcastle disease. it was concluded that the pathogenicity of newcastle dis ... | 1996 | 8790906 |
| analysis of the serotype-specific epitopes of avian infectious bronchitis virus strains ark99 and mass41. | the ark and mass serotype-specific epitopes of infectious bronchitis virus were studied by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation of mutant and recombinant spike glycoproteins (s protein) expressed in mouse l cells. serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies could bind to the recombinant proteins of ark99 and mass41 expressed from the chimeras in which the n-terminal thirds of the s1 sequences were reciprocally exchanged. therefore, it appears that the respective serotype-specific epitopes of b ... | 1996 | 8794378 |
| production and immunogenicity of multiple antigenic peptide (map) constructs derived from the s1 glycoprotein of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). | synthetic peptides were prepared as multiple antigenic peptide (map) constructs to the s1 glycoprotein of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). the map system has been used in the production of anti-peptide and anti-protein antibodies. it has an advantage over linking peptides to a highly immunogenic carrier molecule because antibodies are not produced to the map core matrix of lysine residues. two 25-residue peptides were synthesized to the arkansas serotype and two were synthesized to the massach ... | 1995 | 8830482 |
| identification of a trypsin-like serine proteinase domain encoded by orf 1a of the coronavirus ibv. | | 1995 | 8830516 |
| involvement of viral and cellular factors in processing of polyprotein encoded by orf1a of the coronavirus ibv. | | 1995 | 8830517 |
| interactions between the ibv nucleocapsid protein and rna sequences specific for the 3' end of the genome. | the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) nucleocapsid protein was expressed as a fusion protein in bacteria. the coding sequence differed from the native protein only in the addition of six histidine residues at the amino terminus which were used for enrichment with a nickel affinity column. in gel shift assays, the mobility of labelled g rna was decreased with increasing concentrations of the fusion protein. competitive gel shift assays with labelled g rna indicated that the protein interacted wit ... | 1995 | 8830535 |
| first experimental evidence of recombination in infectious bronchitis virus. recombination in ibv. | a high frequency of recombination has been shown to occur during replication of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) in vitro as well as in vivo. although sequencing of field strains of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) has indicated that ibv strains also undergo recombination, there has been no experimental evidence to support this deduction. to investigate whether recombination occurs in ibv, embryonated eggs were coinfected with ibv-beaudette and ibv-m41. potential recombin ... | 1995 | 8830540 |
| generation of a defective rna of avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). defective rna of coronavirus ibv. | the beaudette strain of ibv was passaged 16 times in chick kidney (ck) cells. total cellular rna was analyzed by northern hybridization and was probed with 32p-labeled cdna probes corresponding to the first 2 kb of the 5' end of the genome, but excluding the leader, and to the last 1.8 kb of the 3' end of the genome. a new, defective ibv rna species (cd-91) was detected at passage six. the defective rna, present in total cell extract rna and in oligo-(dt)30-selected rna from passage 15, was ampl ... | 1995 | 8830542 |
| a region of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus 1a polyprotein encoding the 3c-like protease domain is subject to rapid turnover when expressed in rabbit reticulocyte lysate. | in order to investigate the mechanisms involved in the processing of infectious bronchitis virus polyproteins, several candidate regions of the genome have been cloned and expressed in vitro. during these studies it was observed that the translation product encoded by one of these clones (pkt205) was poorly expressed. biochemical and genetic analyses revealed that the basis for the poor expression was a post-translational event involving ubiquitination of the protein and degradation by an atp-de ... | 1995 | 8847511 |
| serological survey for avian viruses in houbara bustards (chlamydotis undulata macqueenii). | | 1996 | 8883351 |
| attenuation of lentogenic newcastle disease virus strain b-1 by cold adaptation. | the hitchner b-1 strain of newcastle disease virus was plaque-cloned and then serially passaged 36 times in specific-pathogen-free (spf) chicken embryos incubated at two different temperatures. virus passaged at a reduced temperature (29 c) was identified as cold-adapted (ca) and virus passaged at the normal temperature (37 c) was designated non-cold-adapted (non-ca). the ca and non-ca b-1 viruses were compared with the parent b-1 and a commercial b-1 vaccine. in vitro ca b-1 characteristics inc ... | 1996 | 8883791 |
| isolation, pathogenicity, and h120 protection efficacy of infectious bronchitis viruses isolated in taiwan. | seven isolates of infectious bronchitis (ib) virus (ibv) were isolated from two breeder farms and five broiler farms in taiwan in 1992. the cardinal signs of disease in breeders were egg production drops and watery albumen, and those in broilers were respiratory distress and renal urate deposition or death. all diseased chickens had been vaccinated with ib vaccines (mostly h120). the viruses were isolated and identified by chicken embryo inoculation and electron microscopy. the genomes of the is ... | 1996 | 8883793 |
| divergent antibody responses to vaccines and divergent body weights of chicken lines selected for high and low humoral responsiveness to sheep red blood cells. | primary and secondary antibody responses to intramuscularly administered proteins of eschericia coli (f11), newcastle disease virus (ncd), infectious bronchitis virus (ib), and infectious bursal disease virus (ibd), respectively, were measured at weekly intervals in two chicken lines. the latter had been divergently selected for high and low antibody responses to sheep red blood cells (srbc), and in a random-bred control line. an oil-based adjuvant was required to induce primary and secondary an ... | 1996 | 8883795 |
| genetic grouping for the isolates of avian infectious bronchitis virus in taiwan. | in order to differentiate recent isolates of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in taiwan, polymerase chain reaction (pcr), restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp), and direct sequencing methods were used to type 25 ibv taiwan isolates. two conserved sequences that flank the hypervariable region i (hvr i) in the n-terminus of s1 protein gene were chosen as primers. sequences of 228-231 base pairs (bp) were amplified by pcr from 25 taiwan isolates and 4 reference strains (h120, conn, ... | 1996 | 8893790 |
| local and systemic specific antibody response of different chicken lines after ocular vaccination against infectious bronchitis. | the specific lacrimal fluid iga levels and the specific serum igg levels of broiler chicks (meat type hybrids (mt)), brown-egg layer chicks (heavy layer (hl)), and white leghorn chicks (light layer (ll)) were compared after infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) ocular vaccination at 1 day of age. all birds were maintained as a mixed population throughout the experiment of 45 days. the class specific antibody levels were determined at regular intervals by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. all birds ... | 1996 | 8921732 |
| local antibody production in the oviduct and gut of hens infected with a variant strain of infectious bronchitis virus. | following infection of 16-week old specific pathogen-free (spf) female chickens with an enterotropic variant of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strain g, ibv-specific immunoglobulin g (igg) and iga were detected in tears, tracheal washes, oviduct washes, duodenal and caecal contents using class-specific monoclonal antibodies in enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (elisa). igg antibody content was highest in tears on day 7 post-infection (p.i.) and was still detectable on day 23 p.i. significant ... | 1996 | 8941976 |
| novel variation in the n protein of avian infectious bronchitis virus. | the nucleocapsid protein of coronaviruses has been considered highly conserved, showing greater than 94% conservation within strains of a given species. we determined the nucleotide sequence of the n gene and the 3' untranslated region (utr) of eight naturally occurring strains of ibv which differed in pathogenicity and tissue tropism. in pairwise comparisons, the deduced amino acid sequences of n of five strains vic s, n1/62, n9/74, n2/75, and v5/90 (group i) shared 92.3-98.8% identity. the thr ... | 1996 | 8955062 |
| involvement of gicerin, a cell adhesion molecule, in tracheal development and regeneration. | gicerin is a novel cell adhesion protein that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. gicerin protein adheres to neurite outgrowth factor, an extracellular matrix protein in the laminin family, and also exhibits homophilic adhesion. in the present study, we investigated the involvement of gicerin and neurite outgrowth factor in tracheal development and regeneration. in an early embryonic stage, gicerin protein was highly expressed in tracheal epithelial cells, but not in loosely arranged mese ... | 1996 | 8959345 |
| isolation of 'variant' strains of infectious bronchitis virus from vaccinated chickens in great britain. | | 1996 | 8961529 |