| ehrlichiae and ehrlichial diseases in china. | the various ticks collected from different areas of china were examined for the existence of ehrlichial agents by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with genus- or species-specific primers designed on the basis of ehrlichial 16s rrna genes and sequence analyses. in southern china, e. chaffeensis was detected in amblyomma testudinarium ticks from infested cattle, haemaphysalis yeni ticks from hare, and ixodes ovatus ticks from muntiacus reevesi. e. canis was identified in rhipicephalus sanguineus ti ... | 2003 | 12860598 |
| internal and external mycoflora of the american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae), and its ecological implications. | scopulariopsis brevicaulis, the anamorph of microascus brevicaulis (microascaceae, ascomycota), has been identified in the body contents of the tick dermacentor variabilis. after topical application of the fungal inoculum, tick mortality was marked. this is the first account describing the internal mycoflora of d. variabilis with a novel technique used to recover potential biological control agents. | 2003 | 12902299 |
| transmission of anaplasma marginale by boophilus microplus: retention of vector competence in the absence of vector-pathogen interaction. | whether arthropod vectors retain competence for transmission of infectious agents in the long-term absence of vector-pathogen interaction is unknown. we addressed this question by quantifying the vector competence of two tick vectors, with mutually exclusive tropical- versus temperate-region distributions, for genetically distinct tropical- and temperate-region strains of the cattle pathogen anaplasma marginale. the tropical cattle tick boophilus microplus, which has been eradicated from the con ... | 2003 | 12904396 |
| [epizootiological study of theileriasis in korea: prevalence of the bovine theileriasis in relation to its vector, haemaphysalis (kaiseriana) longicornis neumann. 1901] | investigations of some problems related to the bovine theileriasis and its vector have been undertaken in korea. owing to the nation-wide investment of dairy farming, hundreds of milk cattle were imported from foreign countries during the last l0 years. this caused some problems for the imported dairy cattle in terms of cattle piroplasmosis, from which native korean cattle are immune. the bovine theileriasis has been studied from the beginning of the 20th centry in korea, and the carriers and in ... | 1974 | 12913481 |
| [a study on the ticks of chejudo: iv. monthly life flow of ticks] | following is the result of a survey hold over a two year period(1971-1972), on the appearence and disappearence of ticks on cattle in cheju. number of haemaphysalis longicornis. larvae: from the beginning of july to mid september larvae abounded reaching their peak during july and august. in 1971 their period was from july to september. in 1972 their period was from may to october. in both years their number reached their highest point in july and august(table 1.2) nymph: ticks were found from f ... | 1973 | 12913490 |
| [study on the ticks of chejudo-life cycle] | this study was conducted to study the life cycle of haemaphysalis bispinosa and boophilus microplus. the results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. the period of blood-sucking from a host was 20-25 days (average 22.5 days) for haemaphysalis bispinosa and was 28-43 days (average 35.5 days) for boophilus microplus. 2. the parasitism period of haemaphysalis bispinosa on the host was the same as the blood sucking period, but the parasitism period of boophilus microplus was only 20-23 days (avera ... | 1970 | 12913514 |
| the innate immune response in calves to boophilus microplus tick transmitted babesia bovis involves type-1 cytokine induction and nk-like cells in the spleen. | the innate immune response to babesia bovis infection in cattle is age-related, spleen-dependent and, in stabilate inoculated calves, has type-1 characteristics, including the early induction of il-12 and ifn-gamma. in this study with three calves, parameters of innate immunity were followed for 2 weeks after tick transmission of b. bovis. each calf survived the acute disease episode without drug intervention, and responded with increased levels of plasma interferon-gamma and type-1 cytokine exp ... | 2003 | 12940961 |
| rhipicephalus sanguineus trypsin inhibitors present in the tick larvae: isolation, characterization, and partial primary structure determination. | blood sucking animals are a rich source of proteinase inhibitors mainly those that interfere in their host hemostatic systems. the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus is an ectoparasite of dogs and other animals. the aims of this work were the purification and characterization of serine proteinase inhibitors present in r. sanguineus larvae (rsti). the inhibitors (rsti) were isolated by affinity chromatography on trypsin-sepharose and ion exchange chromatographies in resource q and mono s columns. thes ... | 2003 | 12941299 |
| ticks (acari: ixodidae) on wild marsh-deer (blastocerus dichotomus) from southeast brazil: infestations before and after habitat loss. | the lake from porto-primavera hydroelectric power station inundated an area of 2,200 km2 at the border of são paulo and mato-grosso do sul states, brazil. infestations by ticks were evaluated on 135 marsh deer, blastocerus dichotomus (illiger), captured before and after inundation. ticks were collected for identification, and infestation level of animals was assessed by scoring. deer were divided into four groups according to capture location and temporal relation to the inundation. groups 1, 2, ... | 2003 | 12943103 |
| heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan expression in the intestinal tract and ovary of fully engorged adult females of the cattle tick boophilus microplus and in their laid eggs. | | 2003 | 12946856 |
| beauveria bassiana isolated from engorged females and tested against eggs and larvae of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the purpose of this work was to evaluate the in vitro virulence of three isolates of beauveria bassiana to eggs and larvae of the tick boophilus microplus. the fungus tested were isolated from engorged females of b. microplus collected on the field, and identified as bb28, bb29 and bb30. these isolates were evaluated by immersion of eggs and larvae in suspensions with different conidial concentrations: 10(8), 10(7), 10(6) and 10(5) conidia/ml and compared to the control groups. in the treated eg ... | 2003 | 12964182 |
| ixodid ticks on domestic animals in samut prakan province, thailand. | the prevalence of tick-harboring domestic animals, tick density, and the species of ticks were studied throughout the year 2000, in muang samut prakan, bang phli and phra pradaeng districts of samut prakan province. the animals examined were canis lupus familiaris (450), bos indicus (cross-bred) (189), bos taurus (30), bubalus bubalis (171) and sus scrofa domestica (450). the total number of collected ticks was 1,491. the pigs did not harbor ticks. the stages of ticks collected were larvae, nymp ... | 2002 | 12971472 |
| pathogenesis in the cattle tick, boophilus microplus. | | 1963 | 14089936 |
| the cattle tick and tick fever. | | 1965 | 14338020 |
| sulphydryl content of the embryos of the australian cattle tick. | | 1960 | 14439556 |
| experimental transmission of an unnamed bovine babesia by hyalomma spp., haemaphysalis longicornis and boophilus microplus. | experiments were undertaken to determine the mode of transmission to cattle of an unnamed babesia sp. by hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, hyalomma detritum, hy. rufipes koch, haemaphysalis longicornis and boophilus microplus. the unnamed babesia species designated babesia u sp. was isolated by infesting cattle with nymphs from female hy. a. anatolicum ticks collected from xinjiang province. adults of laboratory reared hy. a. anatolicum, hy. detritum and hy. rufipes koch were infected with babesia ... | 2003 | 14519316 |
| antigens and alternatives for control of anaplasma marginale infection in cattle. | anaplasmosis, a tick-borne cattle disease caused by the rickettsia anaplasma marginale, is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. the disease causes considerable economic loss to both the dairy and beef industries worldwide. analyses of 16s rrna, groesl, and surface proteins have resulted in the recent reclassification of the order rickettsiales. the genus anaplasma, of which a. marginale is the type species, now also includes a. bovis, a. platys, and a. phagocytophilum, which w ... | 2003 | 14557295 |
| phylogeny, evolution and historical zoogeography of ticks: a review of recent progress. | there has been much progress in our understanding of the phylogeny and evolution of ticks, particularly hard ticks, in the past 5 years. indeed, a consensus about the phylogeny of the hard ticks has emerged. our current working hypothesis for the phylogeny of ticks is quite different to the working hypothesis of 5 years ago. so that the classification reflects our knowledge of ticks, several changes to the nomenclature of ticks are imminent. one subfamily, the hyalomminae, will probably be sunk, ... | 2002 | 14570116 |
| ticks and tick-borne diseases of livestock belonging to resource-poor farmers in the eastern free state of south africa. | the paper provides a summary of three studies conducted in the eastern free state of south africa between 1998 and 2000. in a questionnaire-based study approximately 21% of interviewed resource-poor farmers (n = 150) indicated that they experienced problems with ticks and tick-borne diseases. about 56% of farmers indicated that tick-related problems were most severe in summer, while 32% indicated that the most problems were encountered in winter. about 12% indicated that the tick problems were e ... | 2002 | 14570134 |
| in vitro detection of acaricide resistance in boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the cattle tick boophilus microplus causes significant economic losses in cattle in the tropical areas of central and south america. acaricides are widely used to control tick infestations, with the consequent selection of tolerant and resistant subpopulations. detoxifying enzymes, and esterases in particular, have been associated with organophosphate resistance in mexican isolates of b. microplus ticks. here, we present results of the biochemical detection of esterases and oxidases in 20 isolat ... | 2002 | 14570140 |
| detection of antibodies to anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia chaffeensis antigens in sera of korean patients by western immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence assays. | two hundred seventy one serum samples from south korean patients were tested to detect antibodies against anaplasma phagocytophilum (the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent) and ehrlichia chaffeensis (the human monocytic ehrlichiosis agent) by indirect fluorescent-antibody assay (ifa) and the western blot assay. these sera were collected from patients with symptoms of high fever. the rate of seropositivity for orientia tsutsugamushi was 50.9% by ifa at the public health & environmental researc ... | 2003 | 14607867 |
| pcr-based detection of the transovarial transmission of uruguayan babesia bovis and babesia bigemina vaccine strains. | bovine babesiosis is responsible for serious economic losses in uruguay. haemovaccines play an important role in disease prevention, but concern has been raised about their use. it is feared that the attenuated babesia bovis and babesia bigemina vaccine strains may be transmitted by the local tick vector boophilus microplus, and that reversion to virulence could occur. we therefore investigated the possibility that these strains could be transmitted via the transovarial route in ticks using a ba ... | 2003 | 14621315 |
| cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides of the cattle tick boophilus microplus: isolation, structural characterization and tissue expression profile. | antimicrobial peptides (amps) are components of the immune system of both vertebrate and invertebrate animals. this study describes the isolation, primary structure, cdna cloning, and tissue expression profile of two cysteine-rich amps from the hemolymph of the cattle tick boophilus microplus. a 10,204 da polypeptide, with six cysteine residues and no sequence similarity to any known molecule, was isolated from the cell-free hemolymph. because of its sequence originality, this peptide was named ... | 2004 | 14642886 |
| assessment of a low virulence australian isolate of anaplasma marginale for pathogenicity, immunogenicity and transmissibility by boophilus microplus. | a 14-year-old cow (dawn) born and kept in a boophilus microplus-free region gave birth to a calf, which showed the presence of an anaplasma marginale infection after splenectomy. the calf's grand dam was from a b. microplus infected area and we assume the infection originated via the transplacental route over two generations. an isolate, prepared from the calf, had similar or lower pathogenicity as anaplasma centrale, and previously exposed steers were resistant to challenge by four a. marginale ... | 2003 | 14651881 |
| expression of equi merozoite antigen 2 during development of babesia equi in the midgut and salivary gland of the vector tick boophilus microplus. | equi merozoite antigens 1 and 2 (ema-1 and ema-2) are babesia equi proteins expressed on the parasite surface during infection in horses and are orthologues of proteins in theileria spp., which are also tick-transmitted protozoal pathogens. we determined in this study whether ema-1 and ema-2 were expressed within the vector tick boophilus microplus. b. equi transitions through multiple, morphologically distinct stages, including sexual stages, and these transitions culminate in the formation of ... | 2003 | 14662988 |
| resistance to coumaphos and diazinon in boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) and evidence for the involvement of an oxidative detoxification mechanism. | the levels of resistance to two organophosphate acaricides, coumaphos and diazinon, in several mexican strains of boophilus microplus (canestrini) were evaluated using the fao larval packet test. regression analysis of lc50 data revealed a significant cross-resistance pattern between those two acaricides. metabolic mechanisms of resistance were investigated with synergist bioassays. piperonyl butoxide (pbo) reduced coumaphos toxicity in susceptible strains, but synergized coumaphos toxicity in r ... | 2003 | 14680115 |
| advances in the identification and characterization of protective antigens for recombinant vaccines against tick infestations. | ticks are economically important ectoparasites of domestic and wild animals and are considered to be second worldwide to mosquitoes as vectors of human pathogens. current control methods for ticks, based primarily on the use of acaricides, have had limited efficacy in the reduction of tick infestations and the use of acaricides is often accompanied by serious drawbacks, including selection of acaricide-resistant ticks and environmental contamination. development of improved vaccines against tick ... | 2003 | 14711342 |
| global change and human vulnerability to vector-borne diseases. | global change includes climate change and climate variability, land use, water storage and irrigation, human population growth and urbanization, trade and travel, and chemical pollution. impacts on vector-borne diseases, including malaria, dengue fever, infections by other arboviruses, schistosomiasis, trypanosomiasis, onchocerciasis, and leishmaniasis are reviewed. while climate change is global in nature and poses unknown future risks to humans and natural ecosystems, other local changes are o ... | 2004 | 14726459 |
| molecular cloning and functional expression of a serotonin receptor from the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | a full-length cdna encoding a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) receptor from the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus, was isolated using a strategy based on sequence homology among g protein-coupled receptors. the deduced amino acid sequence revealed highest identity with drosophila melanogaster 5ht-dro2a (z11489, 50.8%) and 5ht-dro2b (z11490, 49.5%) receptors. the receptor was transiently expressed in mammalian hek293 cells, and western blot analysis showed the expected 43.3 kda band. in these ... | 2004 | 14728666 |
| conservation of babesia bovis small heat shock protein (hsp20) among strains and definition of t helper cell epitopes recognized by cattle with diverse major histocompatibility complex class ii haplotypes. | babesia bovis small heat shock protein (hsp20) is recognized by cd4+ t lymphocytes from cattle that have recovered from infection and are immune to challenge. this candidate vaccine antigen is related to a protective antigen of toxoplasma gondii, hsp30/bag1, and both are members of the alpha-crystallin family of proteins that can serve as molecular chaperones. in the present study, immunofluorescence microscopy determined that hsp20 is expressed intracellularly in all merozoites. importantly, hs ... | 2004 | 14742557 |
| effect of acaricides on the activity of a boophilus microplus glutathione s-transferase. | in the present study, we report the effect of several acaricides on the enzyme activity of a boophilus microplus recombinant glutathione s-transferase (rgst). gst was expressed in escherichia coli and was purified with glutathione (gsh) affinity column chromatography. the kinetic constants were determined by reacting gst with the substrates 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (cdnb) and glutathione. we report the effect of several acaricides on the enzyme activity of rgst. some acaricides (ethion, amitr ... | 2004 | 14746982 |
| inheritance of resistance to flumethrin in the mexican aldama strain of the cattle tick boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the objective of this study was to evaluate the inheritance mode of resistance to flumethrin in the mexican aldama boophilus microplus strain. two mexican strains were used, the chiapas susceptible (ss), and the aldama flumethrin-resistant from tamaulipas. six steers weighing ca. 250 kg were randomly assigned for each of six crosses: the susceptible (ss), resistant (rr), and the f1 (rs, sr) reciprocal crosses and f2 (rs x rs and sr x sr). the reciprocal crosses were made to evaluate maternal and ... | 2003 | 14756408 |
| prevalence of ixodid ticks in nilgiri district of tamil nadu state (india). | the nilgiri hills provides favourable ecological conditions for the propagation of haematophagous arthropods due to its richness in vegetation and animal fauna. a study was undertaken by the nicd during august to november 1996 on the prevalence of ectoparasitic ticks from different localities of the nilgiris district of tamil nadu state. the ticks were hand picked from various domestic animals of the study area and identified. a total of 1232 adults and immatures of ticks were collected from dom ... | 2002 | 14768830 |
| a further note on the use of synthetic insecticides in the control of cattle tick. (boophilus microplus canestrini): some preliminary observations with "497". | | 1950 | 14772186 |
| experimental immunisation of crossbred cattle with glycoproteins isolated from the larvae of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and boophilus microplus. | in india, control of tick infestations is a major problem facing the owners of highly productive crossbred cattle. to develop suitable immunoprotective measures against the multitick infestations, specific problem encountered by the indian farmers, an attempt has been made to identify candidate protein molecules in the larvae of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and boophilus microplus. employing two steps affinity chromatography method, glycoproteins of 34 and 29 kda were isolated from h. a. anato ... | 2003 | 14974694 |
| detection of ehrlichial dna in haemaphysalis ticks recovered from dogs in japan that is closely related to a novel ehrlichia sp. found in cattle ticks from tibet, thailand, and africa. | tick dna samples from dogs in japan were examined for ehrlichia infection by 16s rrna gene-based pcr and sequencing. three positive samples were detected from haemaphysalis ticks, and higher levels of similarity (98.46 to 99.06%) were found to recently detected ehrlichia spp. from cattle ticks in tibet, thailand, and africa. | 2004 | 15004117 |
| infection rate of babesia spp. sporokinetes in engorged boophilus microplus from an area of enzootic stability in the state of minas gerais, brazil. | the infection rates of babesia sporokinetes in engorged boophilus microplus were evaluated during a 2-year period in a dairy farm located in an area of enzootic stability. every 14 days engorged females were collected from calves and from adult animals. ticks were incubated at 27 +/- 0.5 degree c and 80-90% relative humidity and babesia infection rates were determined by microscopic examination of giemsa-stained hemolymph smears. after 52 collections, 2105 ticks were obtained, from which 982 wer ... | 2004 | 15049079 |
| ehrlichia ruminantium grows in cell lines from four ixodid tick genera. | continuous cell lines from the ticks amblyomma variegatum, boophilus decoloratus, boophilus microplus, hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, ixodes scapularis, ixodes ricinus and rhipicephalus appendiculatus were tested for ability to support growth of the rickettsial pathogen ehrlichia (previously cowdria) ruminantium. five e.ruminantium isolates, from west africa, south africa and the french west indies, were used. twelve tick cell lines were inoculated with e.ruminantium derived either from culture ... | 2004 | 15053931 |
| detection and characterization of amitraz resistance in the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | amitraz, a formamidine acaricide, plays an important role in the control of the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus (canestrini), and other tick species that infest cattle, dogs, and wild animals. although resistance to amitraz in b. microplus was previously reported in several countries, the actual measurement of the level of amitraz resistance in ticks has been difficult to determine due to the lack of a proper bioassay technique. we conducted a survey, by using a newly reported techniqu ... | 2004 | 15061278 |
| displacement of boophilus decoloratus by boophilus microplus in the soutpansberg region, limpopo province, south africa. | boophilus ticks (n = 25,987) were collected from cattle at 30 communal dip tanks and five commercial farms in the soutpansberg region, limpopo province, south africa, between may 1999 and december 2001. only 6.6% were boophilus decoloratus, while 93.4% were boophilus microplus, a tick that had not been reported from this area previously. b. microplus was the most common boophilus tick on communal dip tank cattle, while b. decoloratus was more commonly found on commercial farms. where the two spe ... | 2004 | 15139085 |
| production and biochemical characterization of the recombinant boophilus microplus bm95 antigen from pichia pastoris. | the new antigen bm95 from the cattle tick boophilus microplus was recently isolated, cloned and expressed in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris. the recombinant protein has shown to induce protection in cattle against infestations of b. microplus under controlled and production conditions. in this paper we report the production and large-scale purification of the bm95 protein, following a simple and cost-effective process. the antigen was obtained highly aggregated, forming particles rangi ... | 2004 | 15139278 |
| application of representational difference analysis to identify sequence tags expressed by metarhizium anisopliae during the infection process of the tick boophilus microplus cuticle. | metarhizium anisopliae is a well-characterized biocontrol agent of a wide range of plagues, including insects and acari. to identify genes involved in the infection process, representational difference analysis was performed using cdna generated from germinated conidia of m. anisopliae in the tick boophilus microplus cuticle, and cdna generated during fungal growth in glucose-rich medium. sequence determination of approximately 135 clones and comparison analysis using public databases led to the ... | 2004 | 15142621 |
| cloning, expression and partial characterization of a haemaphysalis longicornis and a rhipicephalus appendiculatus glutathione s-transferase. | the ticks haemaphysalis longicornis and rhipicephalus appendiculatus are important parasites worldwide. the current method for control of cattle ticks involves the use of chemicals. nevertheless, parasite resistance is an ever increasing global problem. glutathione s-transferases (gsts) play a central role in detoxication of xenobiotic and endogenous compounds. several authors have noted that an increase in gst activity is associated with resistance to insecticides and acaricides. in the present ... | 2004 | 15157234 |
| a comparison of the immunosuppressive effects of salivary gland extracts from two laboratory strains of boophilus microplus. | this study addresses three questions related to the immune response of cattle to tick salivary gland extracts. firstly, is there a difference in the inhibition of proliferation of concanavalin a (cona) stimulated bovine lymphocytes induced by salivary gland extracts of the n and y strains of boophilus microplus? second, is there a difference in the development rate of the y and n tick strains? third, does the host affect the inhibitory effect of salivary gland extract on the proliferation of con ... | 2004 | 15157766 |
| [relative frequency of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) in bovines (bos taurus and b. indicus) in 8 ecological zones of costa rica]. | the research on the relative abundancy of boophilus microplus took place in ten farms, distributed in eight ecological zones (ez) and two rainfall systems of costa rica. monthly visits were made to pick up ticks larger than 4 mm from the right side of the animals. the total number of ticks was increased by two and divided between the total of sampled bovines per farm. farm visits were adjusted to animals bath to allow the recovery of the tick population. b. microplus was detected in all sampled ... | 2003 | 15162736 |
| a sero-epidemiological survey of blood parasites in cattle in the north-eastern free state, south africa. | a survey to determine the incidence of parasites in cattle (n = 386) was conducted in the north eastern free state between august 1999 and july 2000. giemsa-stained blood smears were negative for blood parasites. a total of 94% of the cattle were sero-positive for babesia bigemina by indirect fluorescent antibody test while 87% were sero-positive for anaplasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the observation of negative blood smears but high incidence of positive serological results for ana ... | 2004 | 15185577 |
| therapeutic and persistent efficacy of a single application of doramectin applied either as a pour-on or injection to cattle infested with boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the efficacy of a single treatment with a pour-on application or a subcutaneous injection of the macrocyclic lactone endectocide, doramectin, was evaluated in separate trials on hereford heifers infested with boophilus microplus (canestrini). significantly fewer ticks per calf were recovered from both groups of treated animals than from the complimentary untreated calves. the mean weights of engorged females and egg masses from both pour-on-treated and injectable-treated calves were also signifi ... | 2004 | 15185941 |
| control of an organophosphate-resistant strain of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) infested on cattle after a series of dips in coumaphos applied at different treatment intervals. | efficacy of multiple dip treatments (one to three) at 0.3% active ingredient (ai) coumpahos applied at 7- or 10-d intervals was determined against organophosphate (op)-resistant boophilus microplus (canestrini). none of the treatments totally prevented repletion of all females. in the 7 d after one treatment, the percentage of reduction of female ticks was 24.8%, whereas in the 10 d after one treatment, the reduction of female numbers was 47.1%. application of two or three dips at either interva ... | 2004 | 15185959 |
| introduction of nonindigenous arthropod pests of animals. | a variety of pathways exist for the introduction of nonindigenous insects, ticks, and mites of veterinary importance into the united states. the most prominent includes the natural migration of mosquitoes and flies by the flight of adults, ectoparasites entering the country on wildlife transport hosts, and accidental introductions on animals legally imported through united states department of agriculture (usda) quarantine facilities. examples of the establishment and subsequent eradication of e ... | 2000 | 15218899 |
| entomopathogenic potential of metarhizium anisopliae isolated from engorged females and tested in eggs and larvae of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the purpose of this work was to evaluate the in vitro virulence of three isolates of metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae to eggs and larvae of the tick boophilus microplus. the fungus tested was isolated from engorged females of b. microplus collected in the field, and identified as ma01, ma02 e ma04. these isolates were evaluated by immersion of eggs and larvae in suspension with different conidial concentrations: 10(5), 10(6), 10(7) e 10(8) conidia/ml. in each isolate there was a treatment ... | 2004 | 15266598 |
| effect of invertebrate serine proteinase inhibitors on carrageenan-induced pleural exudation and bradykinin release. | the carrageenan model of pleurisy is described as temporal plasma exudation (1-5 h) with extensive neutrophil infiltration and release of proteinases into the pleural cavity. the aim of this work was to study the effects of serine proteinase inhibitors on the inflammatory process induced by administration of carrageenan to the rat pleural cavity and on release of kinins in pleural exudate. pleurisy was induced by injecting carrageenan and serine proteinase inhibitors simultaneously into the pleu ... | 2004 | 15313437 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of help, a heme lipoprotein from the hemolymph of the cattle tick boophilus microplus. | the main protein present in the hemelymph of the cattle tick boophilus microplus is a lipoprotein able to bind heme (help). it has an apparent molecular weight of 354 000 da and is composed of two polypeptide chains found in stoichiometric amounts. it contains 33% lipids. the protein was crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method in the presence of 1,6-hexanediol as a precipitant. x-ray diffraction data were collected to 2.1 a resolution using a synchrotron-radiation source. the ... | 2004 | 15333941 |
| molecular vaccines against parasites. | prophylactic vaccines can be expected to be one of the major practical outputs of parasitology research. various groups within australia have pursued the vaccine objective for several years, with particular emphasis on blood-stage falciparum malaria in man, intestinal helminths of sheep and cattle, cutaneous myiasis (blowfly strike) in sheep, cysticercosis in sheep and cattle, bovine babesiosis, and cattle ticks. other vaccine programmes are concerned with giardiasis, filariasis, toxoplasmosis, ... | 1986 | 15462818 |
| host resistance in cattle tick control. | cattle ticks are an important constraint on the livestock industry, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas, mainly because of the diseases they transmit and the costs of control. conventional control is by means of acaricides; although there are still serious drawbacks, these can be minimized by a strategic approach. in this review julio de castro and robin newson look at alternatives. one is to make use of the host's innate abilities. in the simplest situation, where no control measures ... | 1993 | 15463656 |
| genes transcribed in the salivary glands of female rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks infected with theileria parva. | we describe the generation of an auto-annotated index of genes that are expressed in the salivary glands of four-day fed female adult rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks. a total of 9162 est sequences were derived from an uninfected tick cdna library and 9844 ests were from a cdna library from ticks infected with theileria parva, which develop in type iii salivary gland acini. there were no major differences between abundantly expressed ests from the two cdna libraries, although there was evidenc ... | 2004 | 15475305 |
| factors that influence the prevalence of acaricide resistance and tick-borne diseases. | this manuscript provides a summary of the results presented at a symposium organized to accumulate information on factors that influence the prevalence of acaricide resistance and tick-borne diseases. this symposium was part of the 19th international conference of the world association for the advancement of veterinary parasitology (waavp), held in new orleans, la, usa, during august 10-14, 2003. populations of southern cattle ticks, boophilus microplus, from mexico have developed resistance to ... | 2004 | 15476966 |
| babesia bigemina sexual stages are induced in vitro and are specifically recognized by antibodies in the midgut of infected boophilus microplus ticks. | babesia bigemina, a causative agent of bovine babesiosis, is transmitted from one bovine to another only by infected ticks. the life cycle of b. bigemina includes a sexual phase in the tick host; however, molecules from sexual stages of any babesia species have not been characterized. this is the first report of the induction of sexual stages of any babesia species in vitro, free of tick antigens. intraerythrocytic parasites were cultured in vitro for 20h using an induction medium. extraerythroc ... | 2004 | 15491585 |
| protective efficacy of antigens solubilized from gut membranes of the cattle tick, boophilus microplus. | triton x-100, sds, n-octyl glucoside, and conditions of alkaline ph and high and low ionic strength, were used to solubilize membranes prepared from the mid-gut of the cattle tick boophilus microplus. hereford cattle (bos taurus) were immunized with soluble membrane antigens in saponin, and then challenged twice with 20,000 tick larvae, 7 days apart. all soluble extracts, except that extracted with high ionic strength buffer, provided significant protection (56-78%) (p < 0.05) to immunized cattl ... | 1989 | 15493278 |
| a thrombin inhibitor from the ixodid tick, amblyomma hebraeum. | a novel thrombin inhibitor named amblin was identified from the haemolymph of the ixodid (hard) tick, amblyomma hebraeum, and the coding cdna was isolated from a tick cdna library. this cdna codes for a preprotein of 166 amino acids, including a predicted signal peptide composed of 15 amino acids n-terminal to the mature amblin. the 151-amino-acid mature amblin contains 14 cysteines and two kunitz-like domains. it displays high sequence similarity with a tissue factor pathway inhibitor (tfpi), i ... | 2004 | 15527983 |
| the cattle tick antigen, bm95, expressed in pichia pastoris contains short chains of n- and o-glycans. | bm95 is an antigen isolated from boophilus microplus strains with low susceptibility to antibodies developed in cattle vaccinated with the recombinant bm86 antigen (gavac, heberbiotec s.a., cuba). it is a bm86-like surface protein, which by similarity contains seven egf-like domains and a lipid-binding gpi-anchor site at the c-terminal region. the primary structure of the recombinant (rbm95) protein expressed in pichia pastoris was completely verified by lc/ms. the four potential glycosylation s ... | 2004 | 15542059 |
| boophilus microplus tick larvae, a rich source of kunitz type serine proteinase inhibitors. | serine proteinase inhibitors from boophilus microplus tick larvae (bmtis) were purified by affinity chromatography on a trypsin-sepharose column. bmtis presented molecular weight between m(r) 6200 and 18,400 and inhibitory activity for trypsin, hupk (human plasma kallikrein) and neutrophil elastase. using ion exchange chromatography, bmtis were separated in several protein pools named bmti-a to bmti-f and bmti-1 to bmti-7. all bmti forms presented inhibitory activity for trypsin with apparent di ... | 2004 | 15556274 |
| immunization effect of recombinant p27/30 protein expressed in escherichia coli against the hard tick haemaphysalis longicornis (acari: ixodidae) in rabbits. | we investigated the induction of resistance to haemaphysalis longicornis infestation in rabbits that had been immunized with recombinant h. longicornis p27/30 protein. the success of immunological control methods is dependent upon the use of potential key antigens as tick vaccine candidates. previously, we cloned a gene encoding 27 kda and 30 kda proteins (p27/30) of h. longicornis, and identified p27/30 as a troponin i-like protein. in this study, rabbits that were immunized with recombinant p2 ... | 2004 | 15591837 |
| detection of anaplasma marginale dna in larvae of boophilus microplus ticks by polymerase chain reaction. | boophilus microplus larvae from two different sources were used for the detection of anaplasma marginale dna: larvae a, which were collected from a pasture of an endemic farm, and larvae b, which originated from engorged female ticks fed on calves with no clinical signs of disease and with low rickettsemia (approximately 0.01 to 1.0%). larvae a were collected monthly, from january to may in 2001. two hundred engorged female ticks fed on calves that provided larvae b were divided into groups of 1 ... | 2004 | 15604475 |
| babesia bigemina: sporozoite isolation from boophilus microplus nymphs and initial immunomolecular characterization. | it has been hypothesized that babesial sporozoites express specific antigens that induce protective immunologic responses in cattle. however, they remain uncharacterized, partly for lack of research on the sporozoite stage of babesia spp. this field suffers from complete knowledge of parasite development in the tick salivary gland; limited amounts of sporozoites from ticks, and a lack of protocols for induction and purification of sporozoites. in this work, boophilus microplus larvae infected wi ... | 2004 | 15604497 |
| gene discovery in boophilus microplus, the cattle tick: the transcriptomes of ovaries, salivary glands, and hemocytes. | the quest for new control strategies for ticks can profit from high throughput genomics. in order to identify genes that are involved in oogenesis and development, in defense, and in hematophagy, the transcriptomes of ovaries, hemocytes, and salivary glands from rapidly ingurgitating females, and of salivary glands from males of boophilus microplus were pcr amplified, and the expressed sequence tags (est) of random clones were mass sequenced. so far, more than 1,344 est have been generated for t ... | 2004 | 15604500 |
| field challenge of cattle vaccinated with a combined babesia bovis and babesia bigemina frozen immunogen. | to determine the optimal dose of a combined, frozen immunogen containing in vitro culture-derived strains of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina, twenty-four 14-month-old bos taurus steers from a boophilus microplus-free area in northern mexico were used in this experiment. cattle were randomly allocated into six groups with four animals each, and were intramuscularly inoculated as follows: group 1 (control animals) were administered with normal bovine erythrocytes; group 2 received 1 x 10(7) b. ... | 2004 | 15604506 |
| protection of dairy cows immunized with tick tissues against natural boophilus microplus infestations in thailand. | boophilus microplus has a major impact on cattle production, and an antitick vaccine would be a valuable tool for control of this important ectoparasite in thailand. previous work has shown that immunization of hosts with different tick tissues has different implications regarding tick feeding and fecundity under experimental conditions. the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of immunization of dairy cattle with b. microplus salivary gland or midgut extracts on natural infestations ... | 2004 | 15604508 |
| immune response to babesia bigemina infection in pregnant cows. | babesiosis is a tick-borne disease of cattle caused by babesia bigemina and babesia bovis and is transmitted by the tick vector boophilus microplus. in this study, we investigate b. bigemina infection regarding the clinical infection, t cell distribution, and cytokine profile during the acute phase of an experimental infection in pregnant cows. | 2004 | 15604509 |
| reduced incidence of babesia bigemina infection in cattle immunized against the cattle tick, boophilus microplus. | boophilus microplus is an important vector of bovine disease agents having a major economic impact on cattle production in many tropical and subtropical countries. components of tick saliva that enable ticks to feed may also facilitate establishment of tick-borne pathogens in the vertebrate host. it has been suggested that acquired resistance against molecules in tick saliva could inhibit parasite transmission, and there is increasing evidence to support this hypothesis. the effect of immune res ... | 2004 | 15604511 |
| laboratory evaluation of the compatibility and the synergism between the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana and deltamethrin to resistant strains of boophilus microplus. | beauveria bassiana is one of the most promising agents for use as a bioacaricide to control the cattle tick boophilus microplus, responsible for economic losses and transmission of infectious diseases. with the aim of optimizing the efficacy of chemical products, as well as the use of entomopathogens, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the compatibility and the synergism between this fungus and the drug deltamethrin on a strain of b. microplus that is resistant to this product. | 2004 | 15604512 |
| complete genome sequencing of anaplasma marginale reveals that the surface is skewed to two superfamilies of outer membrane proteins. | the rickettsia anaplasma marginale is the most prevalent tick-borne livestock pathogen worldwide and is a severe constraint to animal health. a. marginale establishes lifelong persistence in infected ruminants and these animals serve as a reservoir for ticks to acquire and transmit the pathogen. within the mammalian host, a. marginale generates antigenic variants by changing a surface coat composed of numerous proteins. by sequencing and annotating the complete 1,197,687-bp genome of the st. mar ... | 2004 | 15618402 |
| pcr-based detection of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina in their natural host boophilus microplus and cattle. | pcr and nested-pcr methods were used to assess the frequency of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina infection in boophilus microplus engorged females and eggs and in cattle reared in an area with endemic babesiosis. blood and the engorged female ticks were from 27 naturally infested calves and 25 crossbred cows. the frequency of both babesia species was similar in calves and cows (p>0.05). babesia bovis was detected in 23 (85.2%) calves and in 25 (100%) cows and b. bigemina was detected in 25 (92 ... | 2005 | 15619521 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of cdnas encoding for boophilus microplus, haemaphysalis longicornis and rhipicephalus appendiculatus actins. | the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the actins from ticks, boophilus microplus, haemaphysalis longicornis and rhipicephalus appendiculatus, have been determined. nucleotide sequence analysis showed open reading frames of 1128-nucleotide-long encoding proteins of 376 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 41.82 kda each. comparison between the nucleic acid and deduced amino acid sequences as well as structural and phylogenetic analyses of these genes confirmed the high si ... | 2004 | 15631908 |
| eprinomectin pour-on for control of boophilus microplus (canestrini) ticks (acari: ixodidae) on cattle. | the efficacy of a commercial pour-on formulation of eprinomectin, a macrocyclic lactone, against experimental infestations of boophilus microplus (canestrini) ticks was evaluated in two trials involving 27 bos taurus calves. the first trial was designed to evaluate the effects of a single treatment at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg of body weight against standard size b. microplus females (4.5-8.0 mm long). a significant reduction in tick numbers (p<0.05, wilcoxon test) was observed between treated calves ... | 2004 | 15631909 |
| integrated control of boophilus microplus ticks in cuba based on vaccination with the anti-tick vaccine gavac. | boophilus microplus has developed resistance against a range of chemical acaricides which has stimulated the development of alternative methods such as vaccination against ticks. in cuba, the bm86-based recombinant vaccine gavac has been successfully used in a number of controlled laboratory and field trials in cattle against b. microplus. in this paper, we have evaluated gavac in a large scale field trial wherein 588,573 dairy cattle were vaccinated with the aim to reduce the number of acaricid ... | 2004 | 15651533 |
| the mosquito aedes aegypti (l.) leucokinin receptor is a multiligand receptor for the three aedes kinins. | a cdna cloned from aedes aegypti (l.) (aedae) female malpighian tubule (ay596453) encodes a 584 amino acid residue protein (65.2 kda) predicted as a g protein-coupled receptor and orthologue of the drosokinin receptor from drosophila melanogaster and highly similar to the tick boophilus microplus myokinin receptor (af228521). based on the similarity to this aedes sequence, we also propose a correction for the anopheles gambiae protein sequence eaa05450. when expressed in cho-k1 cells, the aedes ... | 2005 | 15663775 |
| proteome analysis of abundantly expressed proteins from unfed larvae of the cattle tick, boophilus microplus. | protein expression in unfed larvae of the cattle tick, boophilus microplus, was characterized using gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry in an effort to assemble a database of proteins produced at this stage of development. soluble and insoluble proteins were extracted and resolved by two-dimensional (2d) gel electrophoresis. twenty abundantly expressed larval proteins were selected for peptide mass mapping and for peptide sequencing by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-fl ... | 2005 | 15681224 |
| assessment of duration of immunity in crossbred cattle immunized with glycoproteins isolated from hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and boophilus microplus. | to develop immunoprophylactic measures against multi-tick infestation, two glycoproteins of 34 and 29 kda were isolated from the larvae of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and boophilus microplus, respectively, and assessed for their efficacy against experimental challenge infestations. the synergistic effect of the antigens in the presence of incomplete freund's adjuvant was found to confer protection (dt%) in animals against 56.48% of larvae and 52% of adults of h. a. anatolicum, while the effec ... | 2005 | 15700177 |
| analysis of bola class ii microsatellites in cattle infested with boophilus microplus ticks: class ii is probably associated with susceptibility. | the aim of this study was to determine the role of certain bovine lymphocyte antigens (bola) regions in the resistance or susceptibility to boophilus microplus tick infestation in two different breeds of cattle. the breeds were maintained, one in natural conditions and the second one in an experimental setting at the research station in martinez de la torre, veracruz, mexico. the study took place from june to august 2001 (natural infestation) using 33 crossbreed steers (crossbreed is here define ... | 2005 | 15710532 |
| lack of infectivity of a brazilian anaplasma marginale isolate for boophilus microplus ticks. | previous studies have shown that one brazilian anaplasma marginale isolate presents an inclusion appendage (tail), while other isolates do not present such inclusion. studies on tick transmission have been carried out with tailless isolates but little is known about transmission of tailed isolates by boophilus microplus. two splenectomized calves were experimentally inoculated with the tailed a. marginale isolate. during ascending rickettsemia, b. microplus larvae, free from hemoparasites, were ... | 2004 | 15740870 |
| proposal to create subspecies of rickettsia conorii based on multi-locus sequence typing and an emended description of rickettsia conorii. | rickettsiae closely related to the malish strain, the reference rickettsia conorii strain, include indian tick typhus rickettsia (ittr), israeli spotted fever rickettsia (isfr), and astrakhan fever rickettsia (afr). although closely related genotypically, they are distinct serotypically. using multilocus sequence typing (mlst), we have recently found that distinct serotypes may not always represent distinct species within the rickettsia genus. we investigated the possibility of classifying ricke ... | 2005 | 15766388 |
| therapeutic and persistent efficacy of a single injection treatment of ivermectin and moxidectin against boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) on infested cattle. | the effectiveness of a single treatment with either ivermectin or moxidectin was determined by administering a single subcutaneous injection of each endectocide at 200 microg per kg body weight to cattle infested with all parasitic developmental stages (adults, nymphs, and larvae) of boophilus microplus (canestrini). the percentage reduction in the number of females that reached repletion following treatment (outright kill) was 94.8 and 91.1% for ivermectin and moxidectin, respectively. in addit ... | 2005 | 15777005 |
| ticks (acari: ixodoidea: argasidae, ixodidae) of chile. | the tick species recorded from chile can be listed under the following headings: (1) endemic or established: argas keiransi estrada-peña, venzal and gonzalez-acuña, a. neghmei kohls and hoogstraal; ornithodoros amblus chamberlin; otobius megnini (dugès); amblyomma parvitarsum neumann; a. tigrinum koch; ixodes auritulus neumann; i. chilensis kohls; i. cornuae arthur, i. sigelos keirans, clifford and corwin; i. stilesi neumann; i. uriae white; rhipicephalus sanguineus koch. (2) probably establishe ... | 2005 | 15777007 |
| genome size and organization in the blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis and the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus. | genome sizes and the organization of repetitive dna were determined in the hard ticks ixodes scapularis and boophilus microplus using reassociation kinetics. the i. scapularis genome contains approximately 2.15 pg (2.1x10(3) mbp) of dna and consists of no foldback (fb), 27% highly repetitive (hr), 39% moderately repetitive (mr), and 34% unique dna. the b. microplus genome contains 7.5 pg (7.1x10(3) mbp) dna, and consists of 0.82% fb, 31% hr, 38% mr, and 30% unique dna. in both species, repetitiv ... | 2005 | 15796755 |
| comparison of in vitro and in vivo ectoparasiticide activity of experimental benzimidazole-carbamate with permethrin and amitraz. | a series of in vitro and in vivo bioassays were conducted to assess the ectoparasiticide activity of isopropyl-4-nitro-2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1-benzimidazole-carbamate, an experimental benzimidazole-carbamate class compound. this compound was less potent than permethrin against ectoparasiticide-susceptible larvae of the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum (l.) (acari: ixodidae); larvae of the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus (canestrini); and adult stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l. ... | 2005 | 15799532 |
| boophilus microplus: the pattern of bovine immunoglobulin isotype responses to high and low tick infestations. | cattle present variable levels of resistance to ticks and the immune correlates of these heritable phenotypes must be known in order to develop effective vaccines. the antibody responses to tick salivary antigens were examined in cattle of tick-susceptible (holstein) and tick-resistant (nelore) breeds. after heavy infestations, levels of igg1 and igg2 antibodies decreased in holsteins and remained the same in nelores. conversely, levels of ige antibodies increased in holsteins. different sizes o ... | 2005 | 15804374 |
| morphological, histological, and ultrastructural studies of the ovary of the cattle-tick boophilus microplus (canestrini, 1887) (acari: ixodidae). | this study presents the morphology of the ovary, as well as the dynamics of the vitellogenesis process in oocytes of the cattle-tick boophilus microplus. the ovary of these individuals is of the panoistic type; therefore, it lacks nurse cells. this organ consists of a single tubular structure, continuous, and composed of a lumen delimitated by a wall of small epithelial cells with rounded nuclei. in this tick species, the oocytes were classified into six stages varying from i to vi and according ... | 2005 | 15845286 |
| the micelle-bound structure of an antimicrobial peptide derived from the alpha-chain of bovine hemoglobin isolated from the tick boophilus microplus. | hemoglobin is known to be a source of peptides involved in several functions. the peptide flsfpttktyfphfdlshgsaqvkghgak (hb33-61) is a proteolytic product of the bovine hemoglobin alpha-chain found in the gut content of the cattle tick, boophilus microplus, and it possesses antimicrobial activity. since in the past we showed that the amidated form of hb33-61, hb33-61a, is active against a few gram-positive bacteria and fungi strains at micromolar concentration [fogaca et al. (1999) j. biol. chem ... | 2005 | 15850378 |
| bmigi: a database of cdnas expressed in boophilus microplus, the tropical/southern cattle tick. | we used an expressed sequence tag approach to initiate a study of the genome of the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus. a normalized cdna library was synthesized from pooled rna purified from tick larvae which had been subjected to different treatments, including acaricide exposure, heat shock, cold shock, host odor, and infection with babesia bovis. for the acaricide exposure experiments, we used several strains of ticks, which varied in their levels of susceptibility to pyrethroid, orga ... | 2005 | 15857764 |
| boophilus microplus infection by beauveria amorpha and beauveria bassiana: sem analysis and regulation of subtilisin-like proteases and chitinases. | beauveria bassiana is a well-known broad-range arthropod pathogen which has been used in biological control of several pest insects and ticks such as boophilus microplus. beauveria amorpha has both endophytic and entomopathogenic characteristics, but its capacity for biological control has still not been studied. during the processes of host infection, b. bassiana and b. amorpha produce several hydrolytic extracellular enzymes, including proteases and chitinases, which probably degrade the host ... | 2005 | 15886912 |
| carbaryl resistance in mexican strains of the southern cattle tick (acari: ixodidae). | susceptibility to carbaryl in six mexican strains of the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus (canestrini), was evaluated with the food and agricultural organization larval packet test. tick strains from the cattle fever tick quarantine zone in texas were more susceptible to carbaryl than to coumaphos or diazinon. compared with the susceptible reference (gonzalez) strain, mexican tick strains demonstrated 10.9-59.5-fold resistance to carbaryl. significant cross-resistance was found between ... | 2005 | 15889748 |
| babesia spp. infection in boophilus microplus engorged females and eggs in sao paulo state, brazil. | babesia spp. infections were investigated in bos taurus x bos indicus dairy cows and calves and in boophilus microplus engorged female ticks and eggs. blood samples and engorged female ticks were collected from 25 cows and 27 calves. babesia spp. was detected in ticks by microscopic examination of hemolymph of engorged female and by squashes of egg samples. cattle infection was investigated in blood thin smears and by dna amplification methods (pcr and nested pcr), using specific primers for bab ... | 2005 | 15893070 |
| diagnosis of amitraz resistance in boophilus microplus in new caledonia with the modified larval packet test. | the tick boophilus microplus represents a serious pathological constraint to livestock production in new caledonia. cattle ticks are controlled by chemical application of two acaricides that are currently used in new caledonia; deltamethrin is used at 46% of the cattle production facilities and amitraz at the remaining 54% premises where resistance to deltamethrin has been identified. in 2003, a modified larval packet test (lpt) was used to conduct a survey for amitraz resistance. ticks were col ... | 2005 | 15908122 |
| a cross-reactive tick cement antigen is a candidate broad-spectrum tick vaccine. | truncated constructs of 64p (64trps), a secreted cement protein from salivary glands of the tick rhipicephalus appendiculatus, provided cross-protection against rhipicephalus sanguineus and ixodes ricinus, apparently by targeting antigens in the midgut and salivary glands of adults and nymphs, causing mortality. tick feeding on 64trp-immunised animals stimulated local inflammatory immune responses (involving basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, mast cells, macrophages and dendritic-like cells) t ... | 2005 | 15913855 |
| morphological, histological, and ultrastructural characterization of degenerating salivary glands in females of the cattle-tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini, 1887) (acari: ixodidae). | the present study describes the morphology and ultrastructure of the salivary glands of semi-engorged females of the southern cattle-tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. the acini that compose these glands, at that specific feeding stage, show cells featuring degenerative process of the salivary glands, such as: vacuolated cytoplasm, condensed chromatin, fragmented nuclei, and presence of apoptotic bodies. in addition, the presence of microorganisms was detected, with morphology typical of ... | 2005 | 15935304 |
| ticks and tick-borne disease in guatemalan cattle and horses. | blood samples and ticks were collected from 48 cattle and 74 horses from seven sites in the peten region of guatemala. data on body condition, mucous membrane capillary refill time and tick infestation levels were recorded for each animal in the study. horses had significantly higher levels of tick infestation than cattle, as well as poorer body condition scores. seroprevalence of babesia spp. was 95.8% for b. bovis in cattle, 89.6% for b. bigemina in cattle, and 92.7% for b. equi in horses. ser ... | 2005 | 15936147 |
| biological activity and chemical composition of the essential oil from jamaican hyptis verticillata jacq. | the chemical composition of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of hyptis verticillata jacq. was elucidated by a combination of gc and gc-ms analyses. the oil was dominated by the sesquiterpenoids cadina-4,10(15)-dien-3-one (15.1%) (1) and aromadendr-1(10)-en-9-one (squamulosone) (30.7%) (2). the oil exhibited chemosterilant activities against the cattle tick, boophilus microplus canest., and toxic action against adult cylas formicarius elegantulus summer, the m ... | 2005 | 15941314 |
| transcription analysis of the major antigenic protein 1 multigene family of three in vitro-cultured ehrlichia ruminantium isolates. | ehrlichia ruminantium, an obligate intracellular bacterium transmitted by ticks of the genus amblyomma, causes heartwater disease in ruminants. the gene coding for the major antigenic protein map1 is part of a multigene family consisting of a cluster containing 16 paralogs. in the search for differentially regulated genes between e. ruminantium grown in endothelial and tick cell lines that could be used in vaccine development and to determine if differences in the map1 gene cluster exist between ... | 2005 | 15995193 |
| use of biodegradable plga microspheres as a slow release delivery system for the boophilus microplus synthetic vaccine sbm7462. | the synthetic anti-boophilus microplus vaccine sbm7462 derived from the tick intestinal protein, bm86, induced a protective immune response when emulsified in saponin and used in cattle. using a mice model, and with the objective of improving the vaccine by continual peptide release, it was encapsulated in plga 50:50 microspheres and inoculated in balb/c mice to assess the immunological response by detection of anti-peptide iggs. comparative studies were made with the peptide emulsified in sapon ... | 2005 | 16002149 |
| anaemia and deaths in red deer (cervus elaphus) fawns associated with heavy infestations of cattle tick (haemaphysalis longicornis). | in late december/early january 1979/80, deaths occurred in 30 red deer (cervus elaphus) fawns. evidence is presented to suggest that these deaths most likely resulted from heavy infestations of ticks (haemaphysalis longicornis). | 1982 | 16030894 |