| evaluation of a possible functional relationship between chemical structure of intestinal brush border and immunity to trichinella spiralis in the rat. | primary exposure to trichinella spiralis in the rat, while immunizing against reinfection, induces changes in the carbohydrate structure of intestinal brush border membranes. immunity is expressed in heightened resistance to mucosal invasion by l1 larvae, and the change in structure is evident in reduced membrane binding of the lectin, wheat germ agglutinin. the possibility that altered membrane composition is a requisite for expression of immunity was hypothesized and this was evaluated by corr ... | 1988 | 3357114 |
| immunocytolocalization study of the external covering of trichinella spiralis muscle larva. | the antibody-binding sites of the muscle larva of trichinella spiralis were investigated by immunogold staining on the ultrathin sections of lr white resin. the antibodies, which were produced in the course of t. spiralis infection in rats, specifically bound to the inner layers of the body cuticle and the cuticle of the hindgut, but not to the cuticle of the esophagus. this is the first report that reveals the antigenic nature of the inner layers of the external coverings of t. spiralis larva. | 1988 | 3357117 |
| trichinella spiralis infections of inbred mice: immunologically specific responses induced by different trichinella isolates. | the immune response of inbred mice was studied following infection with trichinella spiralis var. pseudospiralis (tp) or with isolates of t. spiralis derived from a pig or from an arctic fox. animals given a primary infection with 1 isolate of trichinella and challenged 21 days later with the same or different isolates responded more quickly by expelling worms from the homologous challenge. in addition, although mesenteric lymph node cells from mice infected with each isolate of trichinella woul ... | 1988 | 3357119 |
| trichinella spiralis: quantitative relationships between intestinal worm burden, worm rejection, and the measurement of intestinal immunity in inbred mice. | the effect of widely different doses of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae on time to rejection of intestinal adults and on host survival was assessed in mice of the three rejection phenotypes; strong, intermediate, and weak. rejection is weak with doses of less than 50 larvae per mouse. at these doses all mice rejected worms at a similar rate and no phenotypic variation was evident among strains. in contrast, rejection time was shortest for all strains and phenotypic variation among strains was ... | 1988 | 3366214 |
| sequence analysis of a 1.6kb repetitive element from a porcine isolate of trichinella spiralis. | | 1988 | 3368326 |
| comparative efficacy of flubendazole and mebendazole on encysted larvae of trichinella spiralis (usa strain) in the diaphragm of mice and rats. | comparative efficacy of mebendazole and flubendazole, a p-fluor analogue of mebendazole against the encysted larvae of trichinella spiralis (usa strain) in the diaphragm of mice and rats were studied in order to provide a better understanding of the structure-activity relationship within the benzimidazole series. drugs given 10-100 mg/kg/day for 3 consecutive days (35-37 days post-infection) or at 300 mg/kg, 35 days post infection were significantly effective in decreasing early encysted larvae ... | 1988 | 3372977 |
| characterization of the accessory layer of the cuticle of muscle larvae of trichinella spiralis. | the accessory layer of the cuticle of infective larvae of trichinella spiralis has been studied with electron microscopy using cytochemical techniques and chemical extractions. the accessory layer lacks negative charges and carbohydrates demonstrable in vivo. staining with ruthenium red and tannic acid is interpreted as being consistent with their reactions with phospholipids. freeze fractures demonstrate an external layer of granules that can be partially released by means of detergents (ctab a ... | 1988 | 3379525 |
| cryopreservation of trichinella newborn larvae. | a technique for the cryopreservation of trichinella spiralis newborn larvae is described. a similar procedure for muscle-stage larvae was not successful. | 1988 | 3379535 |
| protective immunity and eosinophilia in ige-deficient sja/9 mice infected with nippostrongylus brasiliensis and trichinella spiralis. | to elucidate the roles of ige antibody in host responses to helminth infection, selective ige-deficient sja/9 mice were infected with the nematode parasites nippostrongylus brasiliensis, which elicits remarkable potentiated ige production, and trichinella spiralis, which induces strong anti-trichinella ige antibody production in normal mice. the kinetics of blood eosinophilia, worm burden after primary infection, and resistance to secondary infection in sja/9 mice were the same in both infection ... | 1988 | 3380800 |
| trichinella spiralis infections of inbred mice: genetics of the host response following infection with different trichinella isolates. | the immune response of inbred strains of mice was studied following infection with isolates of trichinella from a pig (p1), an arctic fox (af1), and t. spiralis var. pseudospiralis (tp). strains of mice previously characterized as highly resistant to a separate pig isolate of t. spiralis responded to the p1 and af1 isolates by expelling over 80% of the worms by day 10 postinfection (pi), and by suppressing the in vitro release of newborn larvae by female worms. however, the response induced by a ... | 1988 | 3397827 |
| effects of trichinella spiralis infections upon bone marrow stem cells in balb/c mice. | trichinella spiralis infections provoke a variety of responses in the host, some of which involve stem cell proliferation and myeloid cell maturation, increases in the mast cell precursor cell populations, and maturation and eosinopoiesis. very little is known about the influence of t. spiralis upon bone marrow stem cells and splenic colony formation. in the present communication we report that t. spiralis infection in mice stimulates the generation of colony-forming units in the spleen (cfu-s). ... | 1988 | 3397832 |
| oxygen uptake in mice infected with trichinella spiralis. | oxygen consumption, rectal temperature, and the level of activity in mice infected with trichinella spiralis were significantly reduced below that seen in uninfected controls for periods of time during the first 30 days following infection. the differences in oxygen consumption between controls and infected animals were evident throughout the 24-hr period comprising day 7 postinfection. both oxygen consumption and rectal temperature increased with decreasing level of infection. these changes in ... | 1988 | 3397834 |
| [detection of a trichinella spiralis infection of more than 40 years duration in a human. comparison of two direct detection methods common for diagnosis]. | | 1988 | 3401202 |
| carbohydrate reserves and infectivity in trichinella spiralis isolated from carrion. | trichinous mice were killed and their carcasses maintained at room temperature or subzero temperatures for varying lengths of time. some worm parameters were measured after direct isolation from carcasses while others were measured following passage through a second round of hosts. glycogen and trehalose levels in infective 1st-stage larvae (l1) isolated directly from carcasses maintained at room temperature were significantly less than controls (day 0) after day 4 post-kill (p.k.). by day 21 p. ... | 1988 | 3405639 |
| impact of biotechnology on trichinellosis control. | the century-old effort to rid trichinella spiralis from the food supply has had variable success, and in some regions trichinellosis remains a serious public health concern. however, the research advanced during the past 5 years points toward greater success in developing practical and efficient control strategies. the application of monoclonal antibody and recombinant dna technologies has permitted great improvement in diagnosis and production of diagnostic reagents. further, the epidemiology o ... | 1988 | 3406807 |
| antigenic cross-reactivity between the human whipworm, trichuris trichiura, and the mouse trichuroids trichuris muris and trichinella spiralis. | cross-reactivity was demonstrated between circulating antibodies from trichuris trichiura-infected humans and t. muris-infected mice for heterologous antigen preparations. mouse immune sera raised against excretory/secretory (e/s) products and anterior end homogenate from adult t. muris showed marked affinity for t. trichiura adult homogenate in elisa, and 35s-methionine-labelled adult t. muris e/s products were precipitated by t. trichiura infection sera. monoclonal antibodies recognizing a 48 ... | 1988 | 3412784 |
| antibody-mediated in-vivo cytotoxicity to trichinella spiralis newborn larvae in immune rats. | the antibody-dependent cell-mediated larvicidal response of ao rats against trichinella spiralis newborn larvae was studied in vivo. rats were immunized with 2000-3000 muscle larvae orally and then challenged 6-20 days later with 10,000-20,000 newborn larvae intraperitoneally. newborn larvae recovery from the peritoneal cavity decreased significantly and was accompanied by cuticular cell adherence and killing of newborn larvae by day 9 of infection. similar effects were observed when newborn lar ... | 1988 | 3412785 |
| host immunity against newborn trichinella spiralis larvae of different ages. | the infectivity of newborn trichinella spiralis larvae of different ages was studied in normal rats. newborn larvae collected after incubation of adult worms in vitro for 2, 12, or 24 hr were injected intravenously (i.v.) into normal ao rats in 3 separate recipient groups. all recipient rats developed strikingly similar numbers of muscle larvae 20 days later. the susceptibility to immunity by newborn larvae of different ages was also studied. no difference was found when degree of protection was ... | 1988 | 3418461 |
| a freeze-fracture study of muscle fibres infected with trichinella spiralis. | the muscle fibres of mice containing the infective-stage larvae of the nematode trichinella spiralis have been studied by means of the freeze-fracturing technique. the larva lies in what appears to be a fluid-filled cavity within the cytoplasm of an altered muscle fibre. there is no membrane separating the cytoplasm of the nurse cell from the cavity surrounding the larva which is therefore truly intracellular, unlike many parasites that reside within a membrane-lined parasitophorous vacuole with ... | 1987 | 3424337 |
| longevity and fecundity of trichinella spiralis in mast cell-deficient sl/sld mice. | | 1987 | 3430903 |
| enhanced inflammation to brugia malayi microfilariae in ferrets infected with trichinella spiralis. | | 1987 | 3437363 |
| identification of biochemically defined antigens of trichinella spiralis in host immunity and in diagnosis. | | 1987 | 3452938 |
| [the role of the muscle cell nucleus in the mechanism of its transformation after infection by trichinella spiralis larvae. morphological characteristics of the muscle cell nucleus in the course of infection]. | | 1987 | 3452940 |
| histopathological modifications induced by mebendazole and niridazole on encysted larvae of trichinella spiralis in cd-1 mice. | | 1987 | 3452945 |
| lymphokine production by mitogen and antigen activated mouse intraepithelial lymphocytes. | although most intraepithelial lymphocytes (iel) in mouse small intestine bear surface markers classically associated with t lymphocytes, the t-cell nature of these cells remains controversial. in the present study iel from normal mice, or from mice infected with the gut nematode trichinella spiralis, were therefore tested for their ability to produce t-cell-derived lymphokines in response to in vitro stimulation with concanavalin a (con a) or with specific worm antigens. the data show that con a ... | 1986 | 3492290 |
| enhancement of lysophospholipase activity with trichinella spiralis antigen: evidence for cell cooperation. | murine lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages and eosinophils were assayed for lysophospholipase in order to determine the cellular source of the enzyme. the eosinophil was the only cell that demonstrated a positive reaction for the enzyme. the role of other cells and/or antigen in production of the enzyme by the eosinophil was also investigated. results demonstrated that eosinophils cultured with both trichinella spiralis antigen and other leukocytes (lymphocytes and/or macrophages) yielded enzy ... | 1986 | 3492600 |
| effect of anti-thymocyte serum on the eosinophil and lysophospholipase responses in mice infected with trichinella spiralis. | anti-thymocyte serum (ats) was administered to cd-1 mice infected with 100 trichinella spiralis larvae and its effects on intestinal lysophospholipase (ec 3.1.1.5) activity, peripheral blood lymphocytes and bone marrow, peripheral blood and intestinal eosinophilia were assayed in the same experimental animal. the ats caused a significant suppression of both the tissue lysophospholipase response and eosinophilia, in all three compartments, when compared to the values found in infected mice that w ... | 1987 | 3493467 |
| characterization of the immune mediator of rapid expulsion of trichinella spiralis in suckling rats. | in order to identify and characterize the mediator(s) of rapid expulsion, infant rats were passively immunized against oral challenge with 200 infectious trichinella spiralis muscle larvae by oral or intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of secretions or sera from infected rats. milk whey from infected dams provided a modest level of protection when fed to pups. immunoglobulins from t. spiralis-infected rat serum protected suckling pups when injected intravenously (i.v.) into lactating dams 2 da ... | 1987 | 3499383 |
| the trichinella spiralis newborn larvae: production, migration and immunity in vivo. | | 1987 | 3502578 |
| survey of selected diseases in wild swine in texas. | tissue, fecal, and serum specimens and swabs of nasal turbinates and tracheas were collected from 100 wild swine (sus scrofa) from 10 populations in texas and, along with 24 additional serum specimens, were evaluated for selected swine diseases. swine positive for pseudorabies were detected in 7 populations. brucella suis biovar 1 was isolated from 4 swine from 2 populations, but positive serologic results may indicate a more widespread distribution of the organism. all populations contained swi ... | 1986 | 3505919 |
| survival of sylvatic trichinella spiralis isolates in frozen tissue and processed meat products. | the ability of trichinella spiralis larvae to survive at subfreezing temperatures encysted in the musculature of wild carnivorous mammals was assessed by evaluating motility and infectivity (to rodents) of trichinae at various intervals after storage in frozen skeletal muscle. fifty to 60% of the larvae in grizzly bear meat were alive after storage for 27 months at -6.5 to -20 c, and 30% to 50% were still alive at 34 months. however, none survived for 38 months, on the basis of infectivity in mi ... | 1986 | 3505925 |
| [trichinella spiralis as a teacher or the parasite-host relationship between a threadworm and an institute]. | the present paper provides a review of activities of the national institute of public health in the field of studies on trichinella spiralis in man and animals. the development of a system of (immune) surveillance of infections due to trichinella in pigs has been central since the early sixties. both the fluorescent antibody technique introduced in 1967 and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) published in 1974 are examples of these efforts. the method was standardised and, specifically ... | 1986 | 3518143 |
| cells containing ige in the intestinal mucosa of mice infected with the nematode parasite trichinella spiralis are predominantly of a mast cell lineage. | to determine whether ige+ cells in the intestinal mucosa of nematode-infected mice were of a mast cell or a lymphocyte lineage, the intestinal mucosae of mast cell-deficient w/wv mice were examined for ige+ cells after inoculation with trichinella spiralis muscle-stage larvae. immunofluorescence staining techniques were used to detect ige associated with cells in the intestinal mucosa. comparisons were made among four strains of mice, w/wv (mast cell-deficient), +/+ (normal congenic littermates ... | 1986 | 3531336 |
| regional specialization of the surface of a parasitic nematode. | a monoclonal antibody (nim-m7) has been prepared which reacts with a major surface antigen of adult males and females of trichinella spiralis. this specificity is only demonstrable when the antigen is liberated by detergent solubilization of surface-labelled worms. when reacted with living adults, on the other hand, nim-m7 reacts well with only the eversible cloaca, or copulatory bell, of the male, binding weakly, if at all, to other surface areas of male or female worms. a similar staining patt ... | 1986 | 3543810 |
| immunocytolocalization of two protection-inducing antigens of trichinella spiralis during its enteral phase in immune and non-immune mice. | monoclonal antibodies (mab) recognizing epitopes on the 48k (beta stichocyte specific) and the 50/55k antigen (alpha stichocyte specific) were used as first ligands for immunocytolocalization on de-paraffinized sections of infected gut tissue of non-immune and immune cfw strain mice. the enteral phase was studied at 6, 14, 23, 30 hr and 7 days after initiation of infection via the oral route, times corresponding in worm development to the first (l1), second (l2), and third (l3) stage larva and a ... | 1986 | 3546657 |
| trichinella spiralis: immunocytochemical localization of surface and intracellular antigens using monoclonal antibody probes. | a panel of immunologically and biochemically defined monoclonal antibody probes has been used in conjunction with immunocytochemical techniques to localize target antigens in sections of different life-cycle stages of trichinella spiralis. monoclonals that immunoprecipitate surface components from adult worms, show reactivity with the surface but not with internal tissues of sectioned parasites. reagents that immunoprecipitate radio-isotope labelled stage-specific surface components of muscle-st ... | 1987 | 3547257 |
| biophysical properties of the surface lipid of parasitic nematodes. | the biophysical properties of the surface lipid layer (the epicuticle) of living parasitic nematodes (trichinella spiralis and toxocara canis) were examined using fluorescent lipid analogues. a variety of such probes were screened, and only 5-n-(octadecanoyl)-aminofluorescein was found to insert into the outer lipid layer. fluorescence quenching experiments showed that this probe was confined to the surface, and the rate of its lateral diffusion was then measured by fluorescence recovery after p ... | 1987 | 3553935 |
| the response of humans to surface and secreted antigens of trichinella spiralis. | biochemically characterised surface and secreted stage specific antigens were used to analyse the response of humans to infection with trichinella spiralis. immuno-coprecipitation and sds-page of labelled proteins were used to dissect the humoral response of mexican and european infected sera to each component antigen. the results demonstrate that in man, like laboratory rodents, the response to each protein varies independently. in addition, they permit a more rational approach to the developme ... | 1986 | 3563318 |
| [the role of inflammation in the spontaneous elimination of strongyloides ratti infestation]. | in order to assess the role of inflammation and its components in spontaneous cure of strongyloides ratti infestation, rats were treated with non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents (indometacin; sodium salicylate) or with antagonists of certain mediators (dexchlorpheniramin; cyproheptadin, promethazin). results were compared with those obtained in similar treatments of rats infested by other nematoda which also give rise to spontaneous cure: especially trichinella spiralis, and nippostrongylus bra ... | 1986 | 3566084 |
| involvement of serotonin in intestinal mastocytopoiesis and inflammation during a trichinella spiralis infection in mice. | the involvement of serotonin in the regulation of intestinal mastocytopoiesis and inflammation has been investigated in mice infected with trichinella spiralis. two serotonin antagonists, methysergide and ketanserin, were examined for their ability to interfere with jejunal pathology comprising the influx of mucosal mast cells and other inflammatory cells during an infection with t. spiralis and with worm expulsion. in vitro analysis of the frequency of mast cell precursors in bone marrow, blood ... | 1987 | 3570525 |
| translation products of mrna from infective larvae of trichinella spiralis include an antigenic polypeptide. | total rna was extracted from packed infective larvae of trichinella spiralis by centrifugation through a 5.7 m caesium chloride cushion. polyadenylated messenger rna was separated from total rna in an oligothymidylic acid-cellulose gel column. the in vitro translation of the mrna, isolated from infective larvae of t. spiralis, was carried out using the rabbit reticulocyte cell-free translation system. incorporation of 35s-methionine into the trichloroacetic acid precipitates in the lysate contai ... | 1987 | 3571916 |
| effect of albendazole on enteral and parenteral phases of trichinella spiralis. | | 1987 | 3572071 |
| trichinella spiralis in an agricultural ecosystem. ii. evidence for natural transmission of trichinella spiralis spiralis from domestic swine to wildlife. | epidemiological investigations of an outbreak of trichinellosis were carried out in a domestic swine herd and it was established that the parasite also occurred in rats, and in skunks, opossums, and raccoons. because considerable uncertainty exists regarding the role of sylvatic trichinellosis as a reservoir for the synanthropic cycle, studies were conducted to determine the genetic nature of the various isolates from this ecosystem. pig infectivity trials, isoenzyme analyses, and repetitive dna ... | 1987 | 3572642 |
| a comparison of three geographical isolates of trichinella spiralis from the mid-atlantic united states. | three isolates of trichinella spiralis (black bear: 41o50'n, 79o00'w, 1982; grey fox: 41o00'n, 76o00'w, 1982; domestic pig: 39o80'n, 75o30'w, 1983) from the mid-atlantic united states were characterized in crl: cobs cfw (sw) mice during 10 successive 40-day generations. over 10 generations, the isolates differed as follows: worm position of the ursine isolate was significantly more posteriad compared to the porcine isolate; sex ratio of the vulpine isolate was significantly lower compared to the ... | 1987 | 3572653 |
| trichinella spiralis in an agricultural ecosystem: transmission under natural and experimentally modified on-farm conditions. | a hog found infected with trichinella spiralis at slaughter was traced to its farm of origin, where an epidemiological investigation found the infection prevalent in swine and rats. garbage-feeding was not responsible for maintaining the high prevalence of infection on this farm, although it may have been responsible historically for the introduction of the infection. poor husbandry, malnutrition, and intercurrent disease resulted in frequent death and the availability of porcine carcasses for c ... | 1987 | 3572672 |
| immunochemical characterization and biosynthesis of major antigens of iodo-bead surface-labeled brugia malayi microfilariae. | the objectives of the present study were to identify and characterize biochemically the major antigens of brugia malayi microfilariae, a filarial parasite that infects humans. igg antibodies in sera of mice which had cleared parasites from the bloodstream reacted with 30, 55, 94 and 150 kda molecules of living microfilariae radioiodinated by the iodo-bead method. sera of humans infected with the related filariae wuchereria bancrofti, loa loa or onchocerca volvulus immunoprecipitated molecules of ... | 1987 | 3574345 |
| suppression of mucosal mastocytosis by infection with the intestinal nematode nematospiroides dubius. | mice exposed to primary infections with the parasite intestinal nematode nematospiroides dubius failed to show the mucosal mast cell (mmc) response which is characteristic of infections with other species of intestinal nematode and which was readily induced in these mice by infections with nippostrongylus brasiliensis or trichinella spiralis. the failure to generate a mucosal mastocytosis was independent of host strain or sex. when infections with n. dubius were established before, or concurrent ... | 1987 | 3574974 |
| effect of a trichinella spiralis infection on the distribution of mast cell precursors in tissues of thymus-bearing and non-thymus-bearing (nude) mice determined by an in vitro assay. | the frequency of precursor cells capable of giving rise to cells with characteristics of mucosal mast cells in tissues from thymus-bearing and non-thymus-bearing (nude) mice orally infected with trichinella spiralis was determined with an in vitro assay. analysis of the frequency of mast cell precursors in bone marrow, blood, spleen and small intestinal tissue revealed similar frequencies of mast cell precursors in bone marrow from both thymus-bearing and athymic mice. these frequencies in bone ... | 1987 | 3583312 |
| helminth parasites of the coyote (canis latrans) in tennessee. | from 1980 to 1984, 267 coyotes (canis latrans) from tennessee were examined for helminth parasites. hearts were examined for the presence of dirofilaria immitis, diaphragms for trichinella spiralis, and digestive tracts for other helminths. six species were found including 5 nematodes (d. immitis, physaloptera rara, trichuris vulpis, ancylostoma caninum, and toxascaris leonina) and 1 cestode (taenia pisiformis). univariate and multivariate statistical techniques were used to assess parasite prev ... | 1987 | 3585628 |
| enhanced lysophospholipase activity in sensitized mice challenged with trichinella spiralis: a role for cell-cooperation. | the relation between lysophospholipase activity and eosinophils was studied using in vivo and in vitro systems. the results support a role for cell cooperation in the eosinophils production of lysophospholipase during a parasitic infection. in vivo experiments demonstrated that the enzyme activity and numbers of tissue eosinophils in immune mice challenged with 200 trichinella spiralis larvae were not temporally related as previously hypothesized. the data showed that the peak tissue enzyme resp ... | 1987 | 3595942 |
| comparative toxicity of purified human eosinophil granule proteins for newborn larvae of trichinella spiralis. | eosinophils have been implicated in both in vivo and in vitro destruction of helminths. one approach toward elucidating the role of the eosinophil in parasite killing has been to test the toxicity of purified eosinophil granule proteins for parasites in vitro. previously, major basic protein (mbp) and eosinophil cationic protein (ecp) were shown to be toxic for schistosomules of schistosoma mansoni, while eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (edn) was only marginally so. we tested the toxicity of mbp, ... | 1987 | 3598802 |
| antibody-dependent in-vitro cytotoxicity of newborn trichinella spiralis larvae: nature of the cells involved. | the cytotoxic reaction of normal peritoneal mouse cells, containing less than 3% eosinophils, against newborn trichinella spiralis larvae, in the presence of antibody, was studied using newborn worms less than 2 h of age, or newborn worms that had been maintained in culture at 37 degrees c for 20 h. newborn worms 2 h old were killed, whereas 20 h newborn worms were not. the cells that initially adhered to the larvae were examined by electron microscopy. only eosinophils adhered to 2 h newborn wo ... | 1987 | 3601445 |
| factors affecting preconditioning of trichinella spiralis nativa larvae in musculature to low temperatures. | the influence of preconditioning temperature, length of the preconditioning period, host and age of the infection on the survival of trichinella spiralis nativa larvae in musculature to low temperature refrigeration was investigated. dogs, foxes, ferrets, mink and guinea pigs were infected with a t. spiralis nativa isolate, killed at various times postinfection, preconditioned at temperature of -10 degrees c, -15 degrees c or -20 degrees c for varying periods of time prior to low temperature ref ... | 1987 | 3607648 |
| evaluation of the elisa for the serological diagnosis of trichinosis in canadian swine. | an elisa using a trichinella spiralis spiralis excretory-secretory antigen was evaluated as a procedure for the diagnosis of trichinosis in swine in canada. field and experimental trials were carried out using both indirect serological (elisa) and direct parasitological (pepsin-digestion) methods concurrently on serum and musculature, respectively, from each animal. the elisa is a sensitive and specific test for the detection of trichinella antibodies in porcine sera when present. the developmen ... | 1987 | 3607651 |
| experimental chemotherapy and toxicity in mice of three mebendazole polymorphic forms. | in an attempt to test the biological activity of three polymorphic forms of mebendazole (mbz), called a, b and c, both the ld50 in mice after oral (p.o.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration and the anthelmintic effect of these forms on the enteral and parenteral phases of the nematode trichinella spiralis were studied. we observed that the polymorphic form a was the least toxic and effective against t. spiralis. the use of the polymorph c is advisable for oral treatment with mbz in mice, h ... | 1987 | 3608627 |
| [the occurrence of trichinella spiralis in domestic and wild pigs and in prepared pork products in turkey]. | | 1987 | 3619876 |
| intrinsic jejunal propulsion in the guinea pig during parasitism with trichinella spiralis. | the onset and duration of alterations in intrinsic fluid propelling behavior of guinea pig jejunum caused by infection with trichinella spiralis was determined using an in vitro monitoring system. isolated intestinal segments from uninfected hosts produced propulsive complexes of approximately 30-s duration at 125-s intervals. the maximum intraluminal pressure produced at the oral and aboral ends of the segments was approximately 25 cmh2o and the maximum rate of fluid ejection in both the oral a ... | 1987 | 3623022 |
| the response of the intestinal epithelium in b10.a mice to infection with trichinella spiralis. | previous studies on intestinal trichinosis have dealt mainly with areas other than the intestinal epithelium. since the epithelium is now known to be the parasite's habitat, its response to infection is important. infection with trichinella spiralis in immunologically slow-responding b10.a mice was associated with crypt hyperplasia and villus atrophy. with similar infection levels in both primary and challenge infections, there was no difference in the maximal degree of atrophy or hyperplasia be ... | 1987 | 3625425 |
| helminths of the raccoon (procyon lotor) in western kentucky. | seventy raccoons (procyon lotor) from western kentucky were examined for helminths from december 1985 through may 1986. twenty-three species of helminths were collected including 10 species of trematoda (brachylaima virginiana, euryhelmis squamula, eurytrema procyonis, fibricola cratera, gyrosoma singulare, maritreminoides nettae, mesostephanus appendiculatoides, metagonimoides oregonensis, paragonimus kellicotti, pharyngostomoides procyonis), 2 species of cestoda (atriotaenia procyonis, mesoces ... | 1987 | 3625429 |
| prevalence and intensity of trichinella spiralis infection in illinois wildlife. | | 1987 | 3625444 |
| cross resistance against challenge infection in mice infected with trichinella spiralis or t. pseudospiralis. | | 1987 | 3626238 |
| trichinella spiralis: intestinal expression of systemic stage-specific immunity to newborn larvae. | rats immunized with newborn trichinella spiralis larvae i.v. were found to confer a specific anti-newborn larvae immunity in the small intestine. in rats immunized with newborn larvae i.v. and then challenged with adult worms intraintestinally, total newborn larvae recovery was reduced by 75-90% in thoracic duct lymph and in hepatic portal vein blood. no newborn larvae were found in the peritoneal fluid of immunized rats. in addition to an absolute reduction in number, larval migration from the ... | 1987 | 3627826 |
| vaccination of rats and pigs against trichinella spiralis spiralis using the subspecies, t. spiralis nativa. | rats and pigs were vaccinated against trichinella spiralis spiralis either by feeding infective larvae of the subspecies, trichinella spiralis nativa in musculature or by gavage. the number of larvae established in the musculature of vaccinated nonchallenged and vaccinated challenged rats and pigs were negligible and statistically comparable, while highly significant infections were established in the nonvaccinated challenged rats and pigs. high vaccination doses of t. spiralis nativa gave virtu ... | 1987 | 3651892 |
| detection of trichinella spiralis nativa antibodies in porcine sera by elisa using t. spiralis spiralis excretory-secretory antigen. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay examination of sera from pigs vaccinated with t. spiralis nativa infective larvae and/or challenged with t. spiralis spiralis larvae using a t. spiralis spiralis excretory-secretory antigen showed a significant cross-reaction between the two species of trichinella. eight of 12 pigs vaccinated with a high dose of t. spiralis nativa reacted positively 28 days postvaccination while the remaining four pigs had high but negative elisa optical density readings. five o ... | 1987 | 3651901 |
| [a survey on trichinella spiralis infection of hogs and rats, with special reference to their relationship]. | | 1987 | 3652861 |
| trichinella spiralis: host immunity against newborn larvae during a primary infection in rats. | | 1987 | 3656007 |
| the mode of action of some benzimidazole drugs on trichinella spiralis. | in an attempt to find possible targets for benzimidazole action in muscle-stage larvae of trichinella spiralis, the effects of mebendazole and thiabendazole were tested in vivo by oral treatment of infested mice and in vitro by including these anthelmintics in an adequate maintenance medium containing decapsulated larvae. the effects of the anthelmintics on succinate dehydrogenase and fumarate reductase activities, measured in the mitochondrial fraction obtained from the in vivo- or in vitro-tre ... | 1987 | 3670899 |
| trichinella spiralis: differences between "early" and "late" rapid expulsion evident from inhibition studies using cortisone and irradiation. | cortisone administered once at 100 mg/kg during the first 3 weeks of infection inhibited rapid expulsion. in rats immunized with an abbreviated infection (t/m regime) inhibition averaged approximately 50%, whereas in rats given a complete infection (c.i.) 14% inhibition occurred. sensitivity to 400 rad whole-body irradiation was greatest 7 days before a challenge infection in all immune rats. three days after beginning the t/m infection rats were highly susceptible to cortisone but only weakly s ... | 1987 | 3678444 |
| [microcirculation systems forming in skeletal muscles around the larva of trichina (trichinella spiralis garcavi, 1972, trichinella spiralis owen, 1835)]. | | 1986 | 3698811 |
| [veterinary chief inspection of public health. the prevalence of trichinella spiralis in horses]. | | 1986 | 3705044 |
| a freeze-fracture study of the body wall of adult, in utero larvae and infective-stage larvae of trichinella (nematoda). | the surface layers of the cuticle, the hypodermal membranes and the muscle membranes of the adult, the in utero larvae and the infective-stage larvae of the nematode trichinella spiralis have been studied by means of the freeze-fracturing technique. the surface of the cuticle of both adults and larvae fractures in ways different from membranes of internal cells. the surface coat on top of the epicuticle is probably the layer that changes antigenically. reticulate ridges, with associated particle ... | 1986 | 3705055 |
| lectin binding by eosinophils. | lectins which identify carbohydrates and glycoproteins have been used to characterize specific components of the surface of guinea pig peritoneal exudate eosinophils. agglutination of eosinophils purified by discontinuous metrizamide gradients was scored microscopically. wheat germ agglutinin (wga) was most effective (0.05 micrograms/ml). however, higher concentrations of soybean lectin and concanavalin a (con a) were also effective. no differences in lectin binding were noted between eosinophil ... | 1986 | 3714716 |
| field evaluation of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for swine trichinosis: efficacy of the excretory-secretory antigen. | a field evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for swine trichinosis was done with sera obtained from 5 herds experiencing ongoing transmission of trichinella spiralis. epizootiologic studies conducted on these herds offered an opportunity to evaluate the accuracy of an elisa, using larval t spiralis excretory-secretory antigens. sera from 162 infected pigs and 143 serum samples from noninfected pigs originating from the same farms were tested. the infection status of the pig ... | 1986 | 3717724 |
| trichinosis in a herd of swine: cannibalism as a major mode of transmission. | in a herd of approximately 1,000 hogs, evaluation of muscle specimens collected at various intervals during a 12-year period (1973 to 1985) indicated continuous transmission of trichinella spiralis. the farm's rat population and the incidence of trichinosis in the rats was high during 1974, but diminished markedly by 1978. in january 1984, a longitudinal investigation, using tracer pigs, was performed to determine whether rodents and/or other wild animals were involved in transmission of t spira ... | 1986 | 3721964 |
| infectivity in rodents and cold resistance of trichinella spiralis isolated from pig and polar bear, and t. pseudospiralis. | | 1986 | 3723918 |
| the role of muscle larvae of trichinella spiralis in the behavioral alterations of the mouse host. | the effects of early and encysted muscle larvae of trichinella spiralis on the open-field behavior of cd-1 mice were studied. chemotherapy with fenbendazole prior to encystment of larvae prevented the development of behavioral changes in mice. the chemotherapeutic destruction of encysted muscle larvae restored the ambulatory activity of mice to normal levels. the study suggests that muscle larvae are the etiological agents of behavioral alterations in the mouse host. | 1986 | 3746566 |
| [changes in the newborn larvae of trichinella spiralis during maturation]. | | 1986 | 3752793 |
| [trichinella spiralis: evidence of pulmonary retention of the newborn larvae]. | | 1986 | 3752815 |
| [possibility of antigenic variation in newborn larvae of trichinella spiralis]. | | 1986 | 3752816 |
| limit dilution analysis of mast cell precursor frequency in the gut epithelium of normal and trichinella spiralis infected mice. | previous studies have established that the gut nematode trichinella spiralis induces a dramatic thymus dependent intestinal mastocytosis which peaks within 6 to 12 days after primary oral infection. it is not known, however, if the increase in gut mast cells results from the influx of mast cells or their precursors, or from the expansion and differentiation of mast cell precursors (mcp) that are normally present in the small intestinal epithelium. in the present study, the number of mucosal mcp ... | 1986 | 3774378 |
| evaluation of different antigens in a seroepizootiological survey of trichinellosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | antigen isolated from the large-particle fraction of the muscle trichinella spiralis larvae (paw), excretory/secretory (e/s) and crude worm extract (cwe) antigens were evaluated in a seroepizootiological survey of trichinellosis by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the elisa using paw antigen yielded 16 positive animals (1.6%), e/s antigen revealed 21 (2.1%) positive, and the highest number of positive (23 or 2.3%) were obtained using cwe antigen. parasitological post-mortem examina ... | 1986 | 3776080 |
| trichinella spiralis: antifecundity and antinewborn larvae immunity in swine. | the development of antifecundity and antinewborn larvae immunity in swine infected with trichinella spiralis was investigated. in primary infections, adult female worm fecundity dropped sharply after 3 weeks, although adults could be recovered from the small intestine for at least 7 weeks after infection. in challenge infections of pigs infected previously, adult female worm fecundity was depressed up to 51% and the adults were expelled within 3 weeks. since immune pigs are almost completely res ... | 1986 | 3780929 |
| trichinella spiralis: vascular recirculation and organ retention of newborn larvae in rats. | the recirculation of trichinella spiralis newborn larvae was studied in inbred ao rats. newborn larvae collected after in vitro incubation of adult t. spiralis worms for 2 or 24 hr were injected into rats through the tail vein or hepatic portal vein. blood samples from the femoral vein, hepatic portal vein, and abdominal aorta were collected at intervals from 1 min to 24 hr after larval injection. newborn larvae of both ages (24 hr or 2 hr old) persisted in femoral vein blood for less than or eq ... | 1986 | 3780936 |
| the role of malic enzyme in the carbohydrate metabolism of trichinella spiralis spiralis and trichinella spiralis pseudospiralis. | | 1986 | 3781727 |
| eosinophils and mononuclear cells as effector cells in a trichinella spiralis infection; cell biological and biochemical aspects and the use of biological response modifiers. | | 1986 | 3788168 |
| circulating immune complexes in mice infected with trichinella spiralis. | | 1986 | 3788170 |
| the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for determination of specific antibodies in mice infected with trichinella spiralis or trichinella pseudospiralis. | | 1986 | 3788171 |
| influence of vitamin c on the resistance of rats to trichinella spiralis infection. | | 1986 | 3788172 |
| inoculation of pigs against trichinella spiralis, using larval excretory-secretory antigens. | pigs were inoculated with trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory products derived from short-term in vitro maintenance of infective muscle larvae. intraperitoneal administration of excretory-secretory products in freund's complete adjuvant or aluminum hydroxide induced moderate, but variable, degrees of immunity to challenge exposure in a nondose-dependent manner; im administration of products in freund's incomplete adjuvant was less successful. inoculated pigs harbored fewer adult worms, and ... | 1986 | 3789502 |
| blast cell activity in mice infected with hymenolepis nana, h. diminuta and trichinella spiralis: in vivo uptake of 125iudr in lymphoid tissues and gut. | the kinetics of the lymphoblast response in mice during the course of a primary infection with hymenolepis nana was measured by the in vivo uptake of 125iudr. the response was most marked in tissues local to the site of infection, involving the nodes draining the small intestine but not other areas, e.g., inguinal lymph nodes. a close correlation between these responses and the course of infection was observed. uptake of 125iudr was greatest in the mesenteric lymph node (mln) but the peak reache ... | 1986 | 3794296 |
| glucose absorption in vitro by the enteric stages of trichinella spiralis. | absorption of glucose in vitro by enteric stages of trichinella spiralis was examined in worms isolated at different times following infection. glucose absorption by 6-h-old worms was similar to that seen during moulting (24 h post-infection (p.i.]. as embryogenesis began (48 h p.i.) glucose absorption in vitro by the parasite rose dramatically to a peak in 72-h-old worms. absorption of glucose in vitro remained high in 96-h-old worms but as larviposition began (120 h p.i.) glucose uptake by t. ... | 1986 | 3797065 |
| trichinella spiralis: immunization of pigs with newborn larval antigens. | the potential of crude trichinella spiralis newborn larval antigens for pig immunization was investigated. a preparation of whole newborn larvae killed by freezing and thawing, and combined with freund's complete adjuvant, induced a high level of protection against challenge (78%), compared to a 40% resistance level in pigs immunized with excretory secretory antigens of muscle larvae. sera from pigs immunized with newborn larvae contained antibodies which bound to the surface of the newborn larv ... | 1987 | 3803533 |
| the ig class distribution of anti-phosphoryl choline responses in mice infected with parasitic nematodes. | the anti-phosphoryl choline antibody responses of resistant and susceptible strains of mice infected with microfilariae of dipetalonema viteae or the gastrointestinal nematode parasite trichinella spiralis were determined. the responses were characterized both in terms of their kinetics and the constituent role played by each immunoglobulin heavy-chain class. infection with either parasite elicited detectable responses in all strains investigated. however, the kinetics of the response of each he ... | 1986 | 3804381 |
| anaphylaxis-mediated epithelial cl- secretion and parasite rejection in rat intestine. | immunologically mediated expulsion of trichinella spiralis infective larvae in the rat was used as a model to test the hypothesis that intestinal anaphylaxis induced by parasite antigen causes ion transport alterations in small intestinal epithelium, and that the small intestinal epithelium, by altering its physiologic state in response to mast cell-derived mediators, functions as an effector tissue in the expulsion process. experimental results demonstrated that the rapid rejection response and ... | 1987 | 3805721 |
| comparative efficacy of ketoconazole and mebendazole in experimental trichinosis. | the therapeutic efficacy of ketoconazole and mebendazole was studied in icr/cd-1 mice infected with trichinella spiralis for 17 to 20 weeks. efficacy of both drugs was over 70% when compared with results in control mice. this study indicates that both ketoconazole and mebendazole should be considered in the treatment of trichinosis in humans. | 1986 | 3813518 |
| trichinosis in thailand during 1962-1983. | various studies on trichinosis in thailand since the first outbreak in 1962 up until 15 july 1983 are reviewed. there were 67 outbreaks, affecting 2,792 persons and resulting in 85 deaths. most of the outbreaks occurred in the north of the country which is mountainous. hilltribe pigs and wild boars were the common sources of human infection. incidence of trichinella spiralis larvae in dog meat in the area favoring of dog meat consumption is cautioned to create a public health problem in the futu ... | 1985 | 3836212 |
| efficacy of ivermectin against trichinella spiralis in mice. | | 1985 | 3840934 |
| l3t4-positive t lymphoblasts are responsible for transfer of immunity to trichinella spiralis in mice. | the characteristics of lymphocyte subpopulations involved in mediating immunity to the intestinal nematode trichinella spiralis in vivo have been examined using adoptive transfer in conjunction with accurate cell-sorting and cell-depletion techniques. positive selection of cell subsets, using facs sorting and velocity sedimentation at unit gravity, confirm that rapidly dividing t blasts are the major population that mediates expulsion of the worm from the gut. furthermore, cell-depletion studies ... | 1985 | 3876979 |
| the effect of dimethylnitrosamine on host resistance and immunity. | adult female b6c3f1 mice were injected ip with 0.2 ml phosphate-buffered saline (pbs) only or pbs containing 1.5, 3, or 5 mg dimethylnitrosamine (dmn)/kg body wt daily for 14 days. on day 16, mice were evaluated for changes in immune status as measured by the antibody response to sheep red blood cells (srbcs), blastogenesis to t- and b-cell mitogens, natural killer (nk) cell function, delayed hypersensitivity, and alveolar macrophage (am) bactericidal activity; and for changes in host resistance ... | 1985 | 3883572 |
| superiority of the elisa technique over parasitological methods for detection of trichinellosis in slaughtered pigs in canada. | trichinoscopic examination, pepsin-hydrogen chloride digestion and the elisa assay were used in an epidemiological survey for the presence of trichinella spiralis in slaughterhouse pigs over a period of 12 months. the first two methods failed to detect any cases of trichinellosis in sows aged between two to three years. the elisa assay, however, detected a 2.5% prevalence amongst the 2046 blood specimens tested. foci of t. spiralis are localized in certain regions only. the discrepancy between t ... | 1985 | 3886108 |