| a comparison of nitrate transport in four different rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars. | as rice can use both nitrate (no3-) and ammonium (nh4+), we have tested the hypothesis that the shift in the pattern of cultivars grown in jiangsu province reflects the ability of the plants to exploit no3- as a nitrogen (n) source. four rice cultivars were grown in solution culture for comparison of their growth on no3- and nh4+ nitrogen sources. all four types of rice, xian you 63 (xy63), yang dao 6 (yd), nong keng 57 (nk) and si you 917 (sy917), grew well and produced similar amounts of shoot ... | 2005 | 16512211 |
| [a universal high-throughput novel method of constructing the vectors]. | in this paper, a simple universal high-throughput method of constructing the vectors was developed. it could add proper adapter when the pcr primers were designed, and the purpose fragments were cloned by pcr, and the various complementary sticky ends were created by t4 dna polymerase's 3' -exodeoxyribonuclease activity. if all these fragments were put together with dna ligase, they would recombinate in an orientation. if they had been transformated, the tansformants would be identified. let's t ... | 2006 | 16520319 |
| a comprehensive expression analysis of the wrky gene superfamily in rice plants during defense response. | to understand the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of host genes during the activation of defense responses in rice, we isolated wrky transcription factors whose expressions were altered upon attack of the fungal pathogen magnaporthe grisea, the causal agent of the devastating rice blast disease. a systematic expression analysis of oswrkys (oryza sativa l. wrkys) revealed that among 45 tested genes the expression of 15 genes was increased remarkably in an incompatible interaction between ric ... | 2006 | 16528562 |
| genetic analysis of rice domestication syndrome with the wild annual species, oryza nivara. | with a small and sequenced genome, rice provides an excellent system for studying the genetics of cereal domestication. we conducted a quantitative trait locus (qtl) analysis of key domestication traits using an f2 population derived from a cross between the cultivated rice, oryza sativa, and the annual wild species, o. nivara. we found that the qtl of large phenotypic effects were targeted by domestication selection for effective harvest and planting, including a reduction in seed shattering an ... | 2006 | 16539615 |
| structure, expression, and functional analysis of the hexokinase gene family in rice (oryza sativa l.). | hexokinase (hxk) is a dual-function enzyme that both phosphorylates hexose to form hexose 6-phosphate and plays an important role in sugar sensing and signaling. to investigate the roles of hexokinases in rice growth and development, we analyzed rice sequence databases and isolated ten rice hexokinase cdnas, oshxk1 (oryza sativa hexokinase 1) through oshxk10. with the exception of the single-exon gene oshxk1, the oshxks all have a highly conserved genomic structure consisting of nine exons and e ... | 2006 | 16552590 |
| development of transformation system of rice based on binary bacterial artificial chromosome (bibac) vector. | an agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol using binary bacterial artificial chromosome (bibac) vector system in rice (oryza sativa l.) was developed. calli derived from mature embryos of japonica rice cv. h1493 were used as target tissues. various aspects in transformation and regeneration processes including callus induction and culture, agrobacterium concentration and duration of co-cultivation, bacterial elimination and transformant selection were examined in order to improve the tran ... | 2006 | 16553216 |
| effect of oryza sativa extract on the progression of airway inflammation and remodeling in an experimental animal model of asthma. | airway inflammation and remodeling in chronic asthma are characterized by airway eosinophilia, hyperplasia of smooth muscle and goblet cells, and subepithelial fibrosis. the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of da-9201, an ethanolic extract of black rice (oryza sativa l.), on airway inflammation and remodeling in a murine model of chronic asthma. balb/c mice sensitized to ovalbumin (ova) were chronically challenged with aerosolized ova for 6 weeks. da-9201 (30, 100, or 300 mg/ ... | 2006 | 16557453 |
| purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of pathogen-inducible oxygenase (piox) from oryza sativa. | pathogen-inducible oxygenase (piox) is a heme-containing membrane-associated protein found in monocotyledon and dicotyledon plants that utilizes molecular oxygen to convert polyunsaturated fatty acids into their corresponding 2r-hydroperoxides. piox is a member of a larger family of fatty-acid alpha-dioxygenases that includes the mammalian cyclooxygenase enzymes cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (cox-1 and cox-2). single crystals of piox from rice (oryza sativa) have been grown from mpd using recombinant p ... | 2006 | 16582486 |
| sphingomonas azotifigens sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from the roots of oryza sativa. | three yellow-pigmented strains associated with rice plants were characterized by using a polyphasic approach. the nitrogen-fixing abilities of these strains were confirmed by acetylene reduction assay and nifh gene detection. the three strains were found to be very closely related, with 99.9 % 16s rrna gene sequence similarity and greater than 70 % dna-dna hybridization values, suggesting that the three strains represent a single species. 16s rrna gene sequence analysis indicated that the strain ... | 2006 | 16585711 |
| rhizobium-mediated induction of phenolics and plant growth promotion in rice (oryza sativa l.). | qualitative and quantitative estimation of phenolic compounds was done through reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc) from different parts (leaf, stem, and root) of rice plants after inoculation with two rhizobial strains, rre6 (rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli) and anu 843 (r. leguminosarum bv. trifolii) and infection by rhizoctonia solani. on the basis of their retention time, the major phenolic acids detected in hplc analysis were gallic, tannic, ferulic, and cinna ... | 2006 | 16586021 |
| isolation and identification of natural endophytic rhizobia from rice (oryza sativa l.) through rdna pcr-rflp and sequence analysis. | three novel endophytic rhizobial strains (rre3, rre5, and rre6) were isolated from naturally growing surface-sterilized rice roots. these isolates had the ability to nodulate common bean (phaseolus vulgaris). polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) and sequencing of 16s rdna of these isolates revealed that rre3 and rre5 are phylogenetically very close to burkholderia cepacia complex, whereas rre6 has affinity with rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli. plant ... | 2006 | 16586025 |
| emergence of a resistance-breaking isolate of rice yellow mottle virus during serial inoculations is due to a single substitution in the genome-linked viral protein vpg. | the recessive gene rymv-1, responsible for the high resistance of oryza sativa 'gigante' to rice yellow mottle virus (genus sobemovirus), was overcome by the variant ci4*, which emerged after serial inoculations of the non-resistance-breaking (nrb) isolate ci4. by comparison of the full-length sequences of ci4 and ci4*, a non-synonymous mutation was identified at position 1729, localized in the putative vpg domain, and an assay was developed based on this single-nucleotide polymorphism. the muta ... | 2006 | 16603540 |
| promoter shuffling at a nuclear gene for mitochondrial rpl27. involvement of interchromosome and subsequent intrachromosome recombinations. | the reclinomonas americana mitochondrial genome contains a mitochondrial ribosomal protein l27 (rpl27) gene, whereas the rpl27 gene is absent from all plant mitochondrial genomes examined to date. this suggests that plant mitochondrial rpl27 genes have been transferred previously from the mitochondrial genome to the nuclear genome. a nuclear cdna encoding mitochondrial rpl27 was identified in rice (oryza sativa). three similar sequences were identified: rpl27-1 and rpl27-2 on chromosome 8 and rp ... | 2006 | 16603668 |
| haplotype variation in structure and expression of a gene cluster associated with a quantitative trait locus for improved yield in rice. | by constructing nearly isogenic lines (nils) that differ only at a single quantitative trait locus (qtl), we fine-mapped the yield-improving qtl qgy2-1 to a 102.9-kb region on rice chromosome 2. comparison analysis of the genomic sequences in the mapped qtl region between the donor (dongxiang wild rice, oryza rufipogon griff.) and recurrent (guichao2, oryza sativa ssp. indica) parents used for the development of nils identified the haplotypes of a leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase gene cluster ... | 2006 | 16606701 |
| phytoremediation of the herbicides atrazine and metolachlor by transgenic rice plants expressing human cyp1a1, cyp2b6, and cyp2c19. | this study evaluated the expression of human cytochrome p450 genes cyp1a1, cyp2b6, and cyp2c19 in rice plants (oryza sativa cv. nipponbare) introduced using the plasmid pikbach. the transgenic rice plants (pikbach rice plants) became more tolerant toward various herbicides than nontransgenic nipponbare rice plants. rice plants expressing pikbach grown in soil showed tolerance to the herbicides atrazine, metolachlor, and norflurazon and to a mixture of the three herbicides. the degradation of atr ... | 2006 | 16608219 |
| [transferring the suaeda salsa glutathione s-transferase and catalase genes enhances low temperature stress resistance in transgenic rice seedlings]. | the gst (glutathione s-transferase) and gst+cat1 (catalase 1) of suaeda salsa were introduced into a low temperature-sensitive rice cultivar (oryza sativa cv. zhonghua no.11) by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation under the control of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter, and the transformed calli and plantlets were screened on murashige and skoog (1962) medium supplemented with hygromycin 25 microg/ml and cefotaxime 300 microg/ml. the putative primary transformants (t(0) g ... | 2006 | 16622324 |
| plant fatty acid (ethanol) amide hydrolases. | fatty acid amide hydrolase (faah) plays a central role in modulating endogenous n-acylethanolamine (nae) levels in vertebrates, and, in part, constitutes an "endocannabinoid" signaling pathway that regulates diverse physiological and behavioral processes in animals. recently, an arabidopsis faah homologue was identified which catalyzed the hydrolysis of naes in vitro suggesting a faah-mediated pathway exists in plants for the metabolism of endogenous naes. here, we provide evidence to support th ... | 2006 | 16624618 |
| effect of systemic herbicides on n2-fixing and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms in relation to availability of nitrogen and phosphorus in paddy soils of west bengal. | a field experiment has been conducted with four systemic herbicides viz., butachlor [n-(butoxymethyl)-2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-acetanilide], fluchloralin [n-(2-chloroethyl)-(2,6-dinitro-n-propyl-4-trifluoromethyl) aniline], oxadiazon [5-terbutyl-3-(2,4-dichloro-5-isopro poxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-one] and oxyfluorfen [2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzene] at their recommended field rates (2.0, 1.5, 0.4 and 0.12kga.i.ha(-1), respectively) to investigate their effects o ... | 2006 | 16630642 |
| the intracellular fate of a recombinant protein is tissue dependent. | recombinant proteins directed to the secretory pathway in plants require a signal peptide for entry into the endoplasmic reticulum. in the absence of further targeting information, such proteins are generally secreted via the default pathway to the apoplast. this has been well documented in protoplasts and leaf tissue, but the trafficking of recombinant proteins in seeds and other storage tissues has rarely been investigated. we used aspergillus niger phytase as a model glycoprotein to compare t ... | 2006 | 16632592 |
| autophagic fungal cell death is necessary for infection by the rice blast fungus. | rice blast is caused by the fungus magnaporthe grisea, which elaborates specialized infection cells called appressoria to penetrate the tough outer cuticle of the rice plant oryza sativa. we found that the formation of an appressorium required, sequentially, the completion of mitosis, nuclear migration, and death of the conidium (fungal spore) from which the infection originated. genetic intervention during mitosis prevented both appressorium development and conidium death. impairment of autopha ... | 2006 | 16645096 |
| the highly charged region of plant beta-type phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase is involved in membrane targeting and phospholipid binding. | in arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa, two types of pi 4-kinase (pi4ks) have been isolated and functionally characterized. the alpha-type pi4ks (approximately 220 kda) contain a ph domain, which is lacking in beta-type pi4ks (approximately 120 kda). beta-type pi4ks, exemplified by arabidopsis atpi4kbeta and rice ospi4k2, contain a highly charged repetitive segment designated ppc (plant pi4k charged) region, which is an unique domain only found in plant beta-type pi4ks at present. the ppc regi ... | 2006 | 16649109 |
| ubiquitous presence of beta-glucuronidase (gus) in plants and its regulation in some model plants. | the enzyme beta-glucuronidase (gus) is well characterized in animals and microbes. however, this enzyme is not well studied in plants and is widely assumed to be absent in them. in this study we document the ubiquitous presence of gus in the model plants arabidopsis thaliana, oryza sativa, nicotiana tabacum and zea mays and record its expression pattern. the ph of the assay buffer was found to be critical with ph 4.0 being optimum for detection in all the species. gus in plants appears to be ass ... | 2006 | 16652220 |
| expression of a maize ubiquitin gene promoter-bar chimeric gene in transgenic rice plants. | we have constructed a chimeric gene consisting of the promoter, first exon, and first intron of a maize ubiquitin gene (ubi-1) and the coding sequence of the bar gene from streptomyces hygroscopicus. this construct was transferred into rice (oryza sativa l.) protoplasts via electroporation, and 10 plants were regenerated from calli that had been selected for resistance to exogenously supplied bialaphos. transgenic plants grown in a greenhouse were resistant to both bialaphos and phosphinothricin ... | 1992 | 16653150 |
| a soluble fraction requirement in the transfer reaction of protein synthesis by rice embryo ribosomes. | the requirements for the transfer of (14)c-phenylalanine from yeast soluble ribonucleic acid to protein in vitro by rice (oryza sativa l. var. bluebonnet) ribosomes have been investigated. an absolute requirement for polyuridylic acid, 2-mercaptoethanol, guanosine triphosphate, magnesium, and potassium or ammonium ions and ribosomes has been demonstrated. ribosomes washed in 0.5% sodium deoxycholate also required the presence of rice supernatant. the optimum concentration of magnesium ion for th ... | 1966 | 16656417 |
| glutamate synthase isoforms in rice: immunological studies of enzymes in green leaf, etiolated leaf, and root tissues. | rabbit antiserum was raised against ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase (ec 1.4.7.1) purified from green leaves of oryza sativa l. cv delta. ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase, detected in green leaf, etiolated leaf, and root tissues cross-reacted completely with the antiferredoxin glutamate synthase immunoglobulin g. in contrast, the immunoglobulin g did not cross-react with nadh-dependent (ec 1.4.1.14) and nadph-dependent (ec 1.4.1.13) glutamate synthases found in nonphotosynthetic et ... | 1982 | 16662583 |
| alcohol dehydrogenase inactivator from rice seedlings : properties and intracellular location. | the alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) inactivator from aerobically grown rice (oryza sativa) coleoptiles was shown to be associated with membranes which were recovered in sucrose gradients at peak density 1.13 grams per cubic centimeter. when mg(2+) was included in the gradient, the inactivator was recovered at peak density 1.16 grams per cubic centimeter coinciding with the marker enzyme for endoplasmic reticulum, antimycin a-insensitive nadh cytochrome c reductase. adh was recovered exclusively in c ... | 1983 | 16662899 |
| structural relationship among the rice glutelin polypeptides. | when the glutelin protein fraction of rice (oryza sativa l.) seeds was fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, three size classes of proteins, 51 kilodaltons (kd), 34 to 37 kd, and 21 to 22 kd, as well as a contaminating prolamine polypeptide of 14 kd were detected. antibodies were raised against these proteins and employed in studies to determine whether a precursor-product relationship existed among the glutelin components. antibodies of the 34 to 37 kd and 2 ... | 1986 | 16664896 |
| evaluation of selectable markers for rice transformation. | a variety of expression systems and selection régimes have been developed to transform plants such as tobacco, petunia, and tomato. we investigated several of these to determine whether the promoters and selectable markers used in dicotyledonous plants are suitable for selecting transformed rice callus. we compared transient expression driven by constitutive and regulated promoters in rice (oryza sativa) protoplasts and found that the 2' promoter of the octopine t-dna is approximately 3 to 4 tim ... | 1989 | 16666739 |
| artefactual origins of cyclic amp in higher plant tissues. | a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay has been used to determine the levels of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (camp) in five higher plants (lactuca sativa, helianthus annuus, oryza sativa, pinus pinaster, nicotiana tabacum). particular attention was paid to the three main sources of errors in the characterization of camp in plants: presence of interfering substances in plant tissues; possible artefactual formation of camp from endogenous atp during extraction, purification, and assay; and mi ... | 1989 | 16667078 |
| identification of two brassinosteroids from the cambial region of scots pine (pinus silverstris) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, after detection using a dwarf rice lamina inclination bioassay. | a simple and improved dwarf rice (oryza sativa var tan-ginbozu) lamina inclination bioassay for brassinosteroids (brs) was developed based on a previously published method (k takeno, rp pharis [1982] plant cell physiol 23: 1275-1281). the assay used 3-day-old intact seedlings, and detection of br was made more sensitive by synergizing the response to br with indole-3-acetic acid (iaa). the minimum detectable amount of br was less than 0.1 nanogram/rice plant (brassinolide equivalents). purificat ... | 1990 | 16667906 |
| a lipoxygenase pathway is activated in rice after infection with the rice blast fungus magnaporthe grisea. | lipoxygenase (lox) and lipid hydroperoxide-decomposing activity (lhda) markedly increased in the fifth leaves of rice (oryza sativa cv aichiasahi) after infection with the rice blast fungus, magnaporthe grisea. the increases in the enzyme activities were significantly higher in response to infection with an incompatible strain (race 131) compared with infection with a compatible strain (race 007) of the fungus. using ion-exchange chromatography, we isolated three lox activities (leaf lox-1, -2, ... | 1991 | 16668421 |
| expression of "dehydrin-like" proteins in embryos and seedlings of zizania palustris and oryza sativa during dehydration. | proteins inducible by dehydration and abscisic acid (aba), termed dehydrins or rab (responsive to aba) proteins, have been identified in a number of species and have been suggested to play a role in desiccation tolerance, particularly during seed development. seeds (caryopses) of north american wild rice (zizania palustris var interior [fassett] dore) are tolerant of dehydration to <10% moisture content (fresh weight basis) only under restricted dehydration and rehydration conditions. in compari ... | 1992 | 16668912 |
| increased activity of a cationic peroxidase associated with an incompatible interaction between xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae and rice (oryza sativa). | rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivar cas 209 carries the gene xa-10 for resistance to race 2 of xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae, the bacterial blight pathogen. when seedling leaves of cas 209 plants were infiltrated with bacterial cell suspensions of strain pxo86(rif) (race 2, incompatible), total peroxidase activity in extracts from extracellular spaces increased almost threefold between 16 and 24 hours after inoculation. the increase in total peroxidase activity in extracellular extracts was correlate ... | 1992 | 16668969 |
| on the role of abscisic acid and gibberellin in the regulation of growth in rice. | submergence induces rapid elongation of rice coleoptiles (oryza sativa l.) and of deepwater rice internodes. this adaptive feature helps rice to grow out of the water and to survive flooding. earlier, we found that the growth response of submerged deepwater rice plants is mediated by ethylene and gibberellin (ga). ethylene promotes growth, at least in part, by increasing the responsiveness of the internodal tissue to ga. in the present work, we examined the possibility that increased responsiven ... | 1992 | 16668983 |
| elicitation of diterpene biosynthesis in rice (oryza sativa l.) by chitin. | cell-free extracts of uv-irradiated rice (oryza sativa l.) leaves have a much greater capacity for the synthesis from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate of diterpene hydrocarbons, including the putative precursors of rice phytoalexins, than extracts of unstressed leaves (ka wickham, ca west [1992] arch biochem biophys 293: 320-332). an elicitor bioassay was developed on the basis of these observations in which 6-day-old rice cell suspension cultures were incubated for 40 hours with the substance to be ... | 1992 | 16668985 |
| upregulation of jasmonate-inducible defense proteins and differential colonization of roots of oryza sativa cultivars with the endophyte azoarcus sp. | the endophyte azoarcus sp. strain bh72 expresses nitrogenase (nif) genes inside rice roots. we applied a proteomic approach to dissect responses of rice roots toward bacterial colonization and jasmonic acid (ja) treatment. two sister lineages of oryza sativa were analyzed with cv. ir42 showing a less compatible interaction with the azoarcus sp. resulting in slight root browning whereas cv. ir36 was successfully colonized as determined by nifhi::gusa activity. external addition of ja inhibited co ... | 2006 | 16673937 |
| metabolic engineering of rice with soybean isoflavone synthase for promoting nodulation gene expression in rhizobia. | isoflavonoids are derived from a flavonone intermediate, naringenin, that is ubiquitously present in plants, and play a critical role in plant development and defence response. isoflavonoids secreted by the legumes also play an important role in promoting the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules by symbiotic rhizobia. in these plants, the key enzyme that redirects phenylpropanoid pathway intermediates from flavonoids to isoflavonoids is the cytochrome p450 mono-oxygenase, isoflavone synthase. in ... | 2006 | 16690627 |
| complex genetic networks underlying the defensive system of rice (oryza sativa l.) to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | complete resistance (cr) and partial resistance (pr) of rice (oryza sativa l.) to its bacterial pathogen, xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo), was genetically dissected by using 2 mapping populations and 10 xoo races. two cr genes, 50 quantitative resistance loci, and 60 digenic interactions were identified, which showed various degrees of race specificity to the xoo races. the complex epistasis between these loci led us to the discovery of complex genetic networks underlying the rice defensive ... | 2006 | 16702555 |
| rice bifunctional alpha-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor: cloning and characterization of the recombinant inhibitor expressed in escherichia coli. | the complete nucleotide sequences of the cdna and its gene that encode a bifunctional alpha-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor of rice (oryza sativa l.) (rasi) were analyzed. rasi cdna (939 bp) encoded a 200-residue polypeptide with a molecular mass of 21,417 da, including a signal peptide of 22 amino acids. sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis showed that rasi is closely related to alpha-amylase/subtilisin inhibitors from barley and wheat. rasi was found to be expressed only in seeds, sugges ... | 2006 | 16717423 |
| act domain repeat protein 7, acr7, interacts with a chaperone hsp18.0-cii in rice nuclei. | the regulatory act domains serve as amino acid-binding sites in some amino acid metabolic enzymes and transcriptional regulators in bacteria. to elucidate the molecular roles of the glutamine (gln)-sensing system in nitrogen (n) metabolism in plants, we isolated six genes encoding act domain repeat proteins (acr1, and acr5-acr9) from rice (oryza sativa l.) using genomic information on the primary structure composed of four copies of the domain homologous to those of bacterial gln sensor glnd. si ... | 2006 | 16720649 |
| isolation and expression analysis of plastidic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene from rice (oryza sativa l.). | glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is a rate-limiting enzyme of pentose phosphate pathway, existing in cytosolic and plastidic compartments of higher plants. a novel gene encoding plastidic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was isolated from rice (oryza sativa l.) and designated osg6pdh2 in this article. through semiquantitative rt-pcr approach it was found that osg6pdh2 mrna was weakly expressed in rice leaves, stems, immature spikes or flowered spikes, and a little higher in roots. however, the ... | 2006 | 16722339 |
| phylogenetic and structural relationships of the pr5 gene family reveal an ancient multigene family conserved in plants and select animal taxa. | pathogenesis-related group 5 (pr5) plant proteins include thaumatin, osmotin, and related proteins, many of which have antimicrobial activity. the recent discovery of pr5-like (pr5-l) sequences in nematodes and insects raises questions about their evolutionary relationships. using complete plant genome data and discovery of multiple insect pr5-l sequences, phylogenetic comparisons among plants and animals were performed. all pr5/pr5-l protein sequences were mined from genome data of a member of ... | 2006 | 16736102 |
| the cloning and sequencing of a cdna encoding a wd repeat protein in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). | in this research, one 1156 bp cdna containing full open reading frame and encoding a novel 24-kda protein with four tandem wd repeat motifs was cloned from cotton, therefore was named ghwdr and the genbank accession number is ay870657. by search of ghwdr cdna and amino acid sequences in the database, we found that ghwdr and osjnba0003g23.2 from oryza sativa show 90% sequence identity and 84% identity to wd-repeat protein from arabidopsis thaliana, and also has high sequence identity to other wd ... | 2006 | 16753817 |
| inhibitory effect of da-9201, an extract of oryza sativa l., on airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in mouse asthma model. | asthma is one of the major public health problems worldwide and the morbidity and mortality of asthma has increased in the past two decades. accumulating data suggest that unnecessary immune responses and inflammation should be suppressed to treat asthma. the purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-asthmatic effects of da-9201, an ethanolic extract of black rice (oryza sativa l. var japonica), on an ovalbumin (ova)-induced mouse model of asthma. balb/c mice immunized with ova were admin ... | 2006 | 16755008 |
| effects of cyanobacterial extracellular products and gibberellic acid on salinity tolerance in oryza sativa l. | salt stress is one of the most serious factors limiting the productivity of rice, the staple diet in many countries. gibberellic acid has been reported to reduce nacl-induced growth inhibition in some plants including rice. most paddy soils have a natural population of cyanobacteria, prokaryotic photosynthethic microorganisms, which synthesize and liberate plant growth regulators such as gibberellins that could exert a natural beneficial effect on salt stressed rice plants. the aim of this work ... | 2006 | 16756665 |
| expression of a polyubiquitin promoter isolated from gladiolus. | a polyubiquitin promoter (gubq1) including its 5'utr and intron was isolated from the floral monocot gladiolus because high levels of expression could not be obtained using publicly available promoters isolated from either cereals or dicots. sequencing of the promoter revealed highly conserved 5' and 3' intron splicing sites for the 1.234 kb intron. the coding sequence of the first two ubiquitin genes showed the highest homology (87 and 86%, respectively) to the ubiquitin genes of nicotiana taba ... | 2006 | 16761144 |
| genome-wide searching of single-nucleotide polymorphisms among eight distantly and closely related rice cultivars (oryza sativa l.) and a wild accession (oryza rufipogon griff.). | we searched the genomes of eight rice cultivars (oryza sativa l. ssp. japonica and ssp. indica) and a wild rice accession (oryza rufipogon griffith) for nucleotide polymorphisms, and identified 7805 polymorphic loci, including single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) and insertions/deletions (indels), in predicted intergenic regions. polymorphisms are useful as dna markers for genetic analysis or positional cloning with segregating populations of crosses. pairwise comparison between cultivars and ... | 2006 | 16766512 |
| phylogeography of asian wild rice, oryza rufipogon, reveals multiple independent domestications of cultivated rice, oryza sativa. | cultivated rice, oryza sativa l., represents the world's most important staple food crop, feeding more than half of the human population. despite this essential role in world agriculture, the history of cultivated rice's domestication from its wild ancestor, oryza rufipogon, remains unclear. in this study, dna sequence variation in three gene regions is examined in a phylogeographic approach to investigate the domestication of cultivated rice. results indicate that india and indochina may repres ... | 2006 | 16766658 |
| expression of rice yellow mottle virus coat protein enhances virus infection in transgenic plants. | the disease caused by rice yellow mottle virus (rymv) is a major, economically important constraint to rice production in africa. rymv is mechanically transmitted by a variety of agents, including insect vectors. the production of resistant rice varieties would be an important advance in the control of the disease and increase rice production in africa. we produced transgenic plants of the oryza sativa japonica variety, tp309, to express a rymv coat protein gene (cp) and mutants of the cp under ... | 2006 | 16773235 |
| mutations in the eif(iso)4g translation initiation factor confer high resistance of rice to rice yellow mottle virus. | we report here evidence of the role that the isoform of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4g (eif(iso)4g) plays in naturally occurring resistance in plant/virus interactions. a genetic and physical mapping approach was developed to isolate the rymv1 locus controlling the high recessive resistance to rice yellow mottle virus (rymv) in the rice (oryza sativa) variety gigante. the locus was mapped to a 160-kb interval containing a gene from the eif(iso)4g family. the stable transformatio ... | 2006 | 16774645 |
| molecular cloning and expression of a cdna encoding lon protease from rice (oryza sativa). | the atp-dependent lon protease is a highly conserved enzyme that is present in archeae, eubacteria, and eukaryotes, and plays an important role in intracellular protein degradation. we have isolated a lon protease gene, oslon1, from oryza sativa. the cdna contained a 2,655 bp orf. comparative analysis showed that oslon1 shared significant similarity with the previously reported lon proteases from maize, arabidopsis, human, and bacteria. tissue expression pattern analysis revealed that oslon1 was ... | 2006 | 16786279 |
| accumulation of glycinebetaine in rice plants that overexpress choline monooxygenase from spinach and evaluation of their tolerance to abiotic stress. | glycinebetaine (gb), a quaternary ammonium compound, is a very effective compatible solute. in higher plants, gb is synthesized from choline (cho) via betaine aldehyde (ba). the first and second steps in the biosynthesis of gb are catalysed by choline monooxygenase (cmo) and by betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (badh), respectively. rice (oryza sativa), which has two genes for badh, does not accumulate gb because it lacks a functional gene for cmo. rice plants accumulate gb in the presence of exoge ... | 2006 | 16790464 |
| a putative acyl-coa-binding protein is a major phloem sap protein in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the n-terminal amino-acid sequence of a major rice phloem-sap protein, named rpp10, was determined. rpp10 is encoded by a single gene in the rice genome. its complete amino-acid sequence, predicted from the corresponding rice full-length cdna, showed high similarity to plant acyl-coa-binding proteins (acbps). western blot analysis using anti-acbp antiserum revealed that putative acbp is abundant in the phloem sap of rice plants, and is also present in sieve-tube exudates of winter squash (cucurb ... | 2006 | 16804052 |
| functional and signaling mechanism analysis of rice cryptochrome 1. | cryptochromes (cry) are blue-light photoreceptors that mediate various light responses, such as inhibition of hypocotyl elongation, enhancement of cotyledon expansion, anthocyanin accumulation and stomatal opening in arabidopsis. the signaling mechanism of arabidopsis cry is mediated through direct interaction with cop1, a negative regulator of photomorphogenesis. cry has now been characterized in tomato, pea, moss and fern, but its function in monocots is largely unknown. here we report the fun ... | 2006 | 16805731 |
| establishment of a patterned gal4-vp16 transactivation system for discovering gene function in rice. | a binary gal4-vp16-uas transactivation system has been established in rice (oryza sativa l.) in this study for the discovery of gene functions. this binary system consists of two types of transgenic lines, pattern lines and target lines. the pattern lines were produced by transformation of zhonghua 11, a japonica cultivar, with a construct consisting of the transactivator gene gal4-vp16 controlled by a minimal promoter and the gusplus reporter controlled by the upstream activation sequence (uas; ... | 2006 | 16805737 |
| [the inductive activation of the promoter of pib gene]. | a 5.7 kb putative promoter region of pib gene was isolated from the pib genomic clone and substituted for the 35s promoter upstream of gus gene in plasmid pcambia1301 to construct a new plant expression vector pnar604 (putative pib promoter-gus + 35s-hpt). from agrobacterium-mediated transformation and hygromycin selective culture in vitro, hygromycin resistant calli and 36 transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.) plants were obtained. histochemical assays of gus activity showed that no expression was ... | 2006 | 16818431 |
| [advances of rice bacterial blight disease resistance gene xa21]. | gene xa21 is the first disease resistance gene cloned from rice (oryza sativa l.), which encodes a receptor-like kinase and confers broad spectrum resistance against xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo). in this paper, the discovery, mapping and cloning of xa21 were reviewed briefly. the molecular mechanism of resistance and its breeding application, including biochemical properties of the kinase domain of xa21, avrxa21 identification, the disease resistance pathway mediated by xa21, and the mech ... | 2006 | 16818441 |
| osfy, a homolog of atfy, encodes a protein that can interact with osfca-gamma in rice (oryza sativa l.). | fca and fy are flowering time related genes involved in the autonomous flowering pathway in arabidopsis. fca interacts with fy to regulate the alternative processing of fca pre-mrna. the fca/fy interaction is also required for the regulation of flc expression, a major floral repressor in arabidopsis. however, it is not clear if the regulation of this autonomous flowering pathway is also present in monocot plants, such as rice. recently, alternative rna processing of osfca was observed in rice, w ... | 2006 | 16820865 |
| ochrobactrum oryzae sp. nov., an endophytic bacterial species isolated from deep-water rice in india. | a non-pigmented, motile, gram-negative bacterium designated mtcc 4195(t) was isolated from surface-sterilized seeds and plant tissue from deep-water rice (oryza sativa) cultivated in suraha tal lake in northern india. this isolate was shown to reinfect and colonize deep-water rice endophytically. the highest level of 16s rrna sequence similarity (96.8 %) to strain mtcc 4195(t) was shown by ochrobactrum gallinifaecis dsm 15295(t). strain mtcc 4195(t) utilized gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, adonitol, ... | 2006 | 16825649 |
| molecular mapping of a novel gene, grh5, conferring resistance to green rice leafhopper (nephotettix cincticeps uhler) in rice, oryza sativa l. | the green rice leafhopper (grh), nephotettix cincticeps uhler, is one of the most serious insect pests affecting cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) in temperate regions of east asia. an accession of the wild rice species, oryza rufipogon griff. (w1962), was found to be highly resistant to grh by an antibiosis test. to understand the genetic basis of the grh resistance, a bc1f1 population derived from a cross between a susceptible japonica variety, taichung 65 (t65), and a highly resistant accessi ... | 2006 | 16835766 |
| rice (oryza sativa l.) inhibits growth and induces differentiation of human leukemic u937 cells through activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | rice (oryza sativa l.) is a staple food worldwide for centuries. in this study, the growth-inhibiting and immunopotentiating effects of commonly used rice were examined. the growth of human leukemic u937 cells was significantly inhibited by the peripheral blood mononuclear cell-conditioned medium (mnc-cm) derived from water extracts of japonica rice milled taiwan 9 (mt9) and brown taiwan 9 (bt9). furthermore, these mnc-cms induced differentiation of u937 cells into mature monocytes/macrophages e ... | 2006 | 16842898 |
| the medicago truncatula lysin [corrected] motif-receptor-like kinase gene family includes nfp and new nodule-expressed genes. | rhizobial nod factors are key symbiotic signals responsible for starting the nodulation process in host legume plants. of the six medicago truncatula genes controlling a nod factor signaling pathway, nod factor perception (nfp) was reported as a candidate nod factor receptor gene. here, we provide further evidence for this by showing that nfp is a lysin [corrected] motif (lysm)-receptor-like kinase (rlk). nfp was shown both to be expressed in association with infection thread development and to ... | 2006 | 16844829 |
| inheritance of inflorescence architecture in sorghum. | the grass inflorescence is the primary food source for humanity, and has been repeatedly shaped by human selection during the domestication of different cereal crops. of all major cultivated cereals, sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l.) moench] shows the most striking variation in inflorescence architecture traits such as branch number and branch length, but the genetic basis of this variation is little understood. to study the inheritance of inflorescence architecture in sorghum, 119 recombinant inbre ... | 2006 | 16847662 |
| cadmium accumulation in different rice cultivars and screening for pollution-safe cultivars of rice. | large areas of contaminated land are being used for agricultural production in some countries due to the high demand for food. to minimize the influx of pollutants to the human food chain through consumption of agricultural products, we propose the concept of pollution-safe cultivars (pscs), i.e. cultivars whose edible parts accumulate a specific pollutant at a level low enough for safe consumption, even when grown in contaminated soil. we tested the feasibility of the psc concept by growing 43 ... | 2006 | 16870236 |
| purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of rice bifunctional alpha-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor from oryza sativa. | rice bifunctional alpha-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor (rasi) can inhibit both alpha-amylase from larvae of the red flour beetle (tribolium castaneum) and subtilisin from bacillus subtilis. the synthesis of rasi is up-regulated during the late milky stage in developing seeds. the 8.9 kda molecular-weight rasi from rice has been crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. according to 1.81 angstroms resolution x-ray diffraction data from rice rasi crystals, the crystal belongs to s ... | 2006 | 16880545 |
| purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of rice bglu1 beta-glucosidase with and without 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-d-glucoside. | rice (oryza sativa) bglu1 beta-glucosidase was expressed in escherichia coli with n-terminal thioredoxin and hexahistidine tags and purified by immobilized metal-affinity chromatography (imac). after removal of the n-terminal tags, cation-exchange and s-200 gel-filtration chromatography yielded a 50 kda bglu1 with >95% purity. the free enzyme and a complex with 2,4-dinitrophenyl-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-d-glucopyranoside inhibitor were crystallized by microbatch and hanging-drop vapour diffusion. s ... | 2006 | 16880561 |
| rhsp90 gene expression in response to several environmental stresses in rice (oryza sativa l.). | in this study, the gene for a rice (oryza sativa l.) 90 kda heat shock protein (rhsp90, genbank accession no. ab037681) was identified by screening rice root cdnas that were up-regulated under carbonate (nahco(3)) stress using the method of differential display, and cloned. the open-reading-frame of rhsp90-cdna was predicted to encode a protein containing 810 amino acids, which showed high similarity to proteins in hordeum vulgare (accession no. x67960) and catharathus roseus (accession no. l145 ... | 2006 | 16889974 |
| rice ntrc is a high-efficiency redox system for chloroplast protection against oxidative damage. | one of the mechanisms plants have developed for chloroplast protection against oxidative damage involves a 2-cys peroxiredoxin, which has been proposed to be reduced by ferredoxin and plastid thioredoxins, trx x and cdsp32, the ftr/trx pathway. we show that rice (oryza sativa) chloroplast nadph thioredoxin reductase (ntrc), with a thioredoxin domain, uses nadph to reduce the chloroplast 2-cys peroxiredoxin bas1, which then reduces hydrogen peroxide. the presence of both ntr and trx-like domains ... | 2006 | 16891402 |
| integration of hybridization-based markers (overgos) into physical maps for comparative and evolutionary explorations in the genus oryza and in sorghum. | with the completion of the genome sequence for rice (oryza sativa l.), the focus of rice genomics research has shifted to the comparison of the rice genome with genomes of other species for gene cloning, breeding, and evolutionary studies. the genus oryza includes 23 species that shared a common ancestor 8-10 million years ago making this an ideal model for investigations into the processes underlying domestication, as many of the oryza species are still undergoing domestication. this study inte ... | 2006 | 16895597 |
| molecular cloning and differential expression of an gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase gene, osgaba-t, in rice (oryza sativa) leaves infected with blast fungus. | gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase (gaba-t) catalyzes the conversion of gaba to succinic semialdehyde. using differential display pcr and cdna library screening, a full-length gaba-t cdna (osgaba-t) was isolated from rice (oryza sativa) leaves infected with an incompatible race of magnaporthe grisea. the deduced amino acid sequence comprises 483 amino acid residues and shares 85-69% identity with gaba-t sequences from other plants. osgaba-t expression is induced by blast fungus infection, mechanic ... | 2006 | 16896530 |
| a roadmap of tandemly arrayed genes in the genomes of human, mouse, and rat. | tandemly arrayed genes (tags) play an important functional and physiological role in the genome. most previous studies have focused on individual tag families in a few species, yet a broad characterization of tags is not available. here we identified all tags in the genomes of humans, mouse, and rat and performed a comprehensive analysis of tag distribution, tag sizes, tag orientations and intergenic distances, and tag functions. tags account for about 14-17% of all genes in the genome and nearl ... | 2006 | 16901985 |
| high-level tryptophan accumulation in seeds of transgenic rice and its limited effects on agronomic traits and seed metabolite profile. | metabolic manipulation of plants to improve their nutritional quality is an important goal of plant biotechnology. expression in rice (oryza sativa l.) of a transgene (oasa1d) encoding a feedback-insensitive alpha subunit of rice anthranilate synthase results in the accumulation of tryptophan (trp) in calli and leaves. it is shown here that the amount of free trp in the seeds of such plants is increased by about two orders of magnitude compared with that in the seeds of wild-type plants. the tot ... | 2006 | 16908506 |
| a metallothionein-like protein of rice (rgmt) functions in e. coli and its gene expression is induced by abiotic stresses. | a metallothionein-like (rgmt) gene was isolated from a rice (oryza sativa l.) root cdna library that was prepared from plants grown under nahco3 stress. the rgmt gene expression was induced in rice leaves and roots under several abiotic stresses from salts (nacl and nahco3), drought (peg) and metals (cucl2, zncl2, cdcl2). the results suggested that the rgmt gene was expressed in response to environmental stresses. the rgmt gene was expressed in escherichia coli, and the final yield of the purifi ... | 2006 | 16912923 |
| influence of fertilizers applied to a paddy-upland rotation on characteristics of soil organic carbon and humic acids. | the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of soil organic carbon (soc) and related humic acids (has) extracted from the soils of field plots were investigated after 8 years of annual paddy (oryza sativa l.) and upland maize (zea mays l.) rotation with various fertilizations. seven fertilization treatments were selected: ck (no inputs); chem (chemical fertilizer of npk); comp (swine compost); comp + 33% of chem n rate; comp + 67% of chem n rate; gm (legume green manure) + 33% of chem n rat ... | 2006 | 16939341 |
| nonhost resistance of barley is successfully manifested against magnaporthe grisea and a closely related pennisetum-infecting lineage but is overcome by magnaporthe oryzae. | magnaporthe oryzae is a major pathogen of rice (oryza sativa l.) but is also able to infect other grasses, including barley (hordeum vulgare l.). here, we report a study using magnaporthe isolates collected from other host plant species to evaluate their capacity to infect barley. a nonhost type of resistance was detected in barley against isolates derived from genera pennisetum (fontaingrass) or digitaria (crabgrass), but no resistance occurred in response to isolates from rice, genus eleusine ... | 2006 | 16941905 |
| a rice dehydration-inducible snf1-related protein kinase 2 phosphorylates an abscisic acid responsive element-binding factor and associates with aba signaling. | by a differential cdna screening technique, we have isolated a dehydration-inducible gene (designated osrk1) that encodes a 41.8 kd protein kinase of snrk2 family from oryza sativa. the osrk1 transcript level was undetectable in vegetative tissues, but significantly increased by hyperosmotic stress and abscisic acid (aba). to determine its biochemical properties, we expressed and isolated osrk1 and its mutants as glutathione s-transferase fusion proteins in escherichia coli. in vitro kinase assa ... | 2007 | 16977424 |
| localization of green fluorescent protein fusions with the seven arabidopsis vacuolar sorting receptors to prevacuolar compartments in tobacco by-2 cells. | we have previously demonstrated that vacuolar sorting receptor (vsr) proteins are concentrated on prevacuolar compartments (pvcs) in plant cells. pvcs in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) by-2 cells are multivesicular bodies (mvbs) as defined by vsr proteins and the bp-80 reporter, where the transmembrane domain (tmd) and cytoplasmic tail (ct) sequences of bp-80 are sufficient and specific for correct targeting of the reporter to pvcs. the genome of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) contains seven vs ... | 2006 | 16980567 |
| partial purification of tightly bound mitochondrial hexokinase from maize (zea mays l.) root membranes. | in mammals, hexokinase (hk) is strategically located at the outer membrane of mitochondria bound to the porin protein. the mitochondrial hk is a crucial modulator of apoptosis and reactive oxygen species generation. in plants, these properties related to hk are unknown. in order to better understand the physiological role of non-cytosolic hexokinase (nc-hk) in plants, we developed a purification strategy here described. crude extract of 400 g of maize roots (230 mg protein) contained a specific ... | 2006 | 16981044 |
| indica rice (oryza sativa, br29 and ir64). | rice is the world's most important food crop. indica-type rice provides the staple food for more than half of the world population. to satisfy the growing demand of the ever-increasing population, more sustained production of indica-type rice is needed. in addition, because of the high per capita consumption of indica rice, improvement of any traits including its nutritive value may have a significant positive health outcome for the rice-consuming population. rice yield productivity is greatly a ... | 2006 | 16988345 |
| japonica rice varieties (oryza sativa, nipponbare, and others). | agrobacterium-mediated transformation of rice is now used in many laboratories worldwide. several protocols have been developed and fine-tuned for particular genotypes, including commercial genotypes, making use of either mature seeds or immature embryos as target tissue for agrobacterium infection. in this chapter, we describe a rapid and user-friendly protocol based on mature seeds that can deliver transgenic rice plant-lets within 2 mo. the protocol described is based on the use of the nptii ... | 2006 | 16988346 |
| rejuvenating rice proteomics: facts, challenges, and visions. | proteomics is progressing at an unprecedented pace, as can be exemplified by the progress in model organisms such as yeast, bacteria, and mammals. proteomics research in plants, however, has not progressed at the same pace. unscrambling of the genome sequences of the dicotyledoneous arabidopsis thaliana (l.) and monocotyledoneous rice (oryza sativa l.) plant species, respectively, has made them accessible reference organisms to study plant proteomics. study of these two reference plants is expec ... | 2006 | 16991195 |
| evolutionary pathways of an ancient gene recx. | recx is a regulator of reca activity by interacting with reca protein or reca filaments. genes encoding recx were found in genomes of a wide diversity of bacteria and some plants (e.g., arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa). our comparative genome analysis showed that although members of the recx family are found in many bacterial species, they are not found in archaea and the only gene found in eukaryotes is likely derived from bacteria genomes. it is therefore proposed that recx is of bacteri ... | 2007 | 16996700 |
| fatty acids by high-performance liquid chromatography and evaporative light-scattering detector. | a high-performance liquid chromatographic (hplc) separation method with an evaporative light-scattering detector (elsd) has been developed for the separation and quantitative analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (fame) in three different oils. reverse-phased c18 hplc separation of 13 fame is achieved using a methanol/water eluent mixture. the retention times (rt) reflect the elution behavior of these compounds on c18 reversed-phase hplc. the proposed method is tested on: soybean oil (glycine max ... | 2006 | 17007865 |
| contribution of ethylene biosynthesis for resistance to blast fungus infection in young rice plants. | the role of ethylene (et) in resistance to infection with blast fungus (magnaporthe grisea) in rice (oryza sativa) is poorly understood. to study it, we quantified et levels after inoculation, using young rice plants at the four-leaf stage of rice cv nipponbare (wild type) and its isogenic plant (il7), which contains the pi-i resistance gene to blast fungus race 003. small necrotic lesions by hypersensitive reaction (hr) were formed at 42 to 72 h postinoculation (hpi) in resistant il7 leaves, an ... | 2006 | 17012402 |
| cryopreservation of transgenic rice suspension cells producing recombinant hctla4ig. | transgenic suspension cells of oryza sativa l. cv. dongjin utilized as a host for producing recombinant human cytotoxic t-lymphocyte antigen 4-immunoglobulin (hctla4ig) were preserved in liquid nitrogen (-196 degrees c) after slow prefreezing in a deep freezer (-70 degrees c). the development of an optimal procedure for long-term storage was investigated by the addition of various concentrations of cryoprotectant mixture and osmoticum in preculture media before cooling. a pre-deep-freezing time ... | 2007 | 17021872 |
| mgos: a resource for studying magnaporthe grisea and oryza sativa interactions. | the mgos (magnaporthe grisea oryza sativa) web-based database contains data from oryza sativa and magnaporthe grisea interaction experiments in which m. grisea is the fungal pathogen that causes the rice blast disease. in order to study the interactions, a consortium of fungal and rice geneticists was formed to construct a comprehensive set of experiments that would elucidate information about the gene expression of both rice and m. grisea during the infection cycle. these experiments included c ... | 2006 | 17022169 |
| differential expression of defense/stress-related marker proteins in leaves of a unique rice blast lesion mimic mutant (blm). | we analyzed a unique rice (oryza sativa l.) blast lesion mimic (blm) mutant for differentially expressed proteins in leaves of one- and two-week-old seedlings manifesting the lesion mimic phenotype. gel-based one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis (1- and 2-dge) was performed using leaves (blm and wild-type, wt) before (stage 1, s1) and after (stage 2, s2) lesion formation. 1-dge immunoblotting revealed potent increase in the expression of a key pathogenesis-related (pr) marker biosynthetic en ... | 2006 | 17022630 |
| characterization of genes encoding aba 8'-hydroxylase in ethylene-induced stem growth of deepwater rice (oryza sativa l.). | ethylene and submergence enhance stem elongation of deepwater rice, at least in part, by reducing in the internode the endogenous abscisic acid (aba) content and increasing the level of gibberellin a1 (ga1). we cloned and characterized the cyp707a5 and cyp707a6 genes, which encode putative aba 8'-hydroxylase, the enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of aba. expression of cyp707a5 was upregulated significantly by ethylene treatment, whereas that of cyp707a6 was not altered. recombinant proteins fr ... | 2006 | 17022939 |
| glucosylation of flavonols by escherichia coli expressing glucosyltransferase from rice (oryza sativa). | a glucosyltransferase cdna, rf5, was cloned from oryza sativa using an rt-pcr strategy and expressed in escherichia coli. several flavonoids were tested for their ability to serve as substrates for rf5. rf5 effectively glucosylated kaempferol and quercetin to produce their 3-o-glucosides. thus, rf5 could be defined as a flavonol 3-o-glucosyltransferase. e. coli cells expressing rf5 effectively converted 100 microm of kaempferol and quercetin into their corresponding glucosides. | 2006 | 17027877 |
| [a novel method of the genome-wide prediction for the target genes and its application]. | based on the protein databases of several model species, this study developed a new method of the genome-wide prediction for the target genes, using hidden markov model by perl programming. the advantages of this method are high throughput, high quality and easy prediction, especially in the case of multi-domains proteins families. by this method, we predicted the ppr and tpr proteins families in whole genome of several model species. there were 536 ppr proteins and 199 tpr proteins in oryza sat ... | 2006 | 17035191 |
| geminivirus infection up-regulates the expression of two arabidopsis protein kinases related to yeast snf1- and mammalian ampk-activating kinases. | geminivirus rep-interacting kinase 1 (grik1) and grik2 constitute a small protein kinase family in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). an earlier study showed that a truncated version of grik1 binds to the geminivirus replication protein al1. we show here both full-length grik1 and grik2 interact with al1 in yeast two-hybrid studies. using specific antibodies, we showed that both arabidopsis kinases are elevated in infected leaves. immunoblot analysis of healthy plants revealed that grik1 and gr ... | 2006 | 17041027 |
| a rice tc1/mariner-like element transposes in yeast. | the tc1/mariner transposable element superfamily is widely distributed in animal and plant genomes. however, no active plant element has been previously identified. nearly identical copies of a rice (oryza sativa) tc1/mariner element called osmar5 in the genome suggested potential activity. previous studies revealed that osmar5 encoded a protein that bound specifically to its own ends. in this report, we show that osmar5 is an active transposable element by demonstrating that expression of its c ... | 2006 | 17041148 |
| genetic diversity and origin of weedy rice (oryza sativa f. spontanea) populations found in north-eastern china revealed by simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers. | weedy rice (oryza sativa f. spontanea) is one of the most notorious weeds occurring in rice-planting areas worldwide. the objectives of this study are to determine the genetic diversity and differentiation of weedy rice populations from liaoning province in north-eastern china and to explore the possible origin of these weedy populations by comparing their genetic relationships with rice varieties (o. sativa) and wild rice (o. rufipogon) from different sources. | 2006 | 17056615 |
| nps6, encoding a nonribosomal peptide synthetase involved in siderophore-mediated iron metabolism, is a conserved virulence determinant of plant pathogenic ascomycetes. | nps6, encoding a nonribosomal peptide synthetase, is a virulence determinant in the maize (zea mays) pathogen cochliobolus heterostrophus and is involved in tolerance to h(2)o(2). deletion of nps6 orthologs in the rice (oryza sativa) pathogen, cochliobolus miyabeanus, the wheat (triticum aestivum) pathogen, fusarium graminearum, and the arabidopsis thaliana pathogen, alternaria brassicicola, resulted in reduced virulence and hypersensitivity to h(2)o(2). introduction of the nps6 ortholog from th ... | 2006 | 17056706 |
| multiple upstream signals converge on the adaptor protein mst50 in magnaporthe grisea. | rice blast fungus (magnaporthe grisea) forms a highly specialized infection structure for plant penetration, the appressorium, the formation and growth of which are regulated by the mst11-mst7-pmk1 mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. we characterized the mst50 gene that directly interacts with both mst11 and mst7. similar to the mst11 mutant, the mst50 mutant was defective in appressorium formation, sensitive to osmotic stresses, and nonpathogenic. expressing a dominant active mst7 allele ... | 2006 | 17056708 |
| drosophila melanogaster as a model for studying protein-encoding genes that are resident in constitutive heterochromatin. | the organization of chromosomes into euchromatin and heterochromatin is one of the most enigmatic aspects of genome evolution. for a long time, heterochromatin was considered to be a genomic wasteland, incompatible with gene expression. however, recent studies--primarily conducted in drosophila melanogaster--have shown that this peculiar genomic component performs important cellular functions and carries essential genes. new research on the molecular organization, function and evolution of heter ... | 2007 | 17080025 |
| interactions of rice (oryza sativa l.) and pah-degrading bacteria (acinetobacter sp.) on enhanced dissipation of spiked phenanthrene and pyrene in waterlogged soil. | the effects of cultivation of rice (oryza sativa l.) and pah-degrading bacteria (acinetobacter sp.) separately, and in combination, on the dissipation of spiked phenanthrene and pyrene (0, 50+50, 100+100, 200+200 mg kg(-1)) in waterlogged soil were studied using pot trials. the population of introduced pah-degrading bacteria remained at 10(5) cfu g(-1) dry soil after 20 days of treatment with acinetobacter sp. only, but increased to 10(6) when planted with rice simultaneously. shoot and root bio ... | 2006 | 17081596 |
| identification and characterization of two rice autophagy associated genes, osatg8 and osatg4. | autophagy is an intracellular process for vacuolar degradation of cytoplasmic components. the molecular machinery responsible for yeast and mammalian autophagy has begun to be elucidated at the cellular level. a genome-wide search revealed significant conservation among autophagy genes in yeast and arabidopsis. up till now, however, there is no report about rice autophagy associated genes. here we cloned osatg8 and osatg4 from oryza sativa and detected their expression patterns in various tissue ... | 2006 | 17082902 |
| role of salicylic acid in alleviating oxidative damage in rice roots (oryza sativa) subjected to cadmium stress. | time-dependent changes in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, and lipid peroxidation were investigated in roots of rice (oryza sativa) grown hydroponically with cd, with or without pretreatment of salicylic acid (sa). exposure to 50 microm cd significantly decreased root growth, and activities of superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat) and peroxidase (pod), but increased the concentrations of h(2)o(2), malondialdehyde (mda), ascorbic acid (asa), glutathione (gsh) and non-protein thiols ... | 2007 | 17084493 |
| amended final report on the safety assessment of oryza sativa (rice) bran oil, oryza sativa (rice) germ oil, rice bran acid,oryza sativa (rice) bran wax, hydrogenated rice bran wax, oryza sativa (rice)bran extract, oryza sativa (rice) extract, oryza sativa (rice) germ powder, oryza sativa (rice) starch, oryza sativa (rice) bran, hydrolyzed rice bran extract, hydrolyzed rice bran protein, hydrolyzed rice extract, and hydrolyzed rice protein. | this report addresses the safety of cosmetic ingredients derived from rice, oryza sativa. oils, fatty acids, and waxes: rice bran oil functions in cosmetics as a conditioning agent--occlusive in 39 formulations across a wide range of product types. rice germ oil is a skin-conditioning agent--occlusive in six formulations in only four product categories. rice bran acid is described as a surfactant-cleansing agent, but was not in current use. rice bran wax is a skin-conditioning agent--occlusive i ... | 2006 | 17090480 |