| determination of the frequency of wheat-rye chromosome pairing in wheat x rye hybrids with and without chromosome 5b. | genomic in-situ hybridization (gish) was used to determine the amount of wheat-rye chromosome pairing in wheat (triticum aestivum) x rye (secale cereale) hybrids having chromosome 5b present, absent, or replaced by an extra dose of chromosome 5d. the levels of overall chromosome pairing were similar to those reported earlier but the levels of wheat-rye pairing were higher than earlier determinations using c-banding. significant differences in chromosome pairing were found between the three genot ... | 1994 | 24177837 |
| waxy protein deficiency and chromosomal location of coding genes in common wheat. | deficiency of the wheat waxy (wx) proteins (wx-a1, wx-b1 and wx-d1) was studied in 1,960 cultivars derived from several countries. gel electrophoretic analyses revealed that the null allele for the wx-a1 protein occurred frequently in korean, japanese and turkish wheats but was relatively rare in cultivars from other countries and regions. about 48% of the wheats deficient for the wx-b1 protein were from australia and india. one chinese cultivar lacked the wxd1 protein. while 9 japanese cultivar ... | 1994 | 24177825 |
| metaphase i-bound arms frequency and genome analysis in wheat-aegilops hybrids. 3. similar relationships between the b genome of wheat and s or s (l) genomes of ae. speltoides, ae. longissima and ae. sharonensis. | the meiotic behaviour of triticum aestivum × aegilops speltoides, t. aestivum × ae. sharonensis and t. aestivum × ae. longissima tetraploid hybrids (genome constitution abds, abds (l) , and abds (l) , respectively) has been analysed by the c-banding technique. of the six types of pairing normally occurring, at metaphase i three were recognized: a-d, ad-bs/ad-bs (l) and b-s/b-s (l) . the relative order observed in the low pairing hybrid, a-d> b-s (l) >ad-bs (l) , as well as that found in high-pai ... | 1994 | 24186260 |
| genetic analysis of carbon isotope discrimination and agronomic characters in a bread wheat cross. | carbon isotope discrimination (δ) has been suggested as a selection criterion to improve transpiration efficiency (w) in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). cultivars 'chinese spring' with low a (high w) and 'yecora rojo' with high δ (low w) were crossed to develop f1, f2, bc1, and bc2 populations for genetic analysis of δ and other agronomic characters under well-watered (wet) and water-stressed (dry) field conditions. significant variation was observed among the generations for δ only under th ... | 1994 | 24186257 |
| genetic diversity in european wheat and spelt breeding material based on rflp data. | fifty-two winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.), nine spring wheat, and 20 spelt (triticum spelta l.) lines representing part of the european breeding germplasm, were assayed for rflps (restriction fragment length polymorphisms) with 56 wheat dna clones and two barley cdna clones. objectives of this study were to (1) determine the level of variation for rflps in the wheat and spelt breeding lines, (2) characterize the genetic diversity within the european winter wheat germplasm, and (3) evaluate t ... | 1994 | 24186253 |
| identification of wheat-agropyron cristatum monosomic addition lines by rflp analysis using a set of assigned wheat dna probes. | a non-radioactive digoxigenin-labelled dna method was used successfully to identify rflp markers in 54 triticum aestivum cv 'chinese spring' - agropyron cristatum (2n=28, genome pppp) p-genome monosomic addition lines. southern analysis using a set of 14 dna probes identifying each homoeologous chromosome arm, combined with two restriction enzymes hindiii and ecori, indicated that six a. cristatum chromosomes (1p, 2p, 3p, 4p, 5p and 6p) and five a. cristatum chromosome arms (2ps, 2pl, 5pl, 6ps a ... | 1994 | 24177772 |
| differential exudation of polypeptides by roots of aluminum-resistant and aluminum-sensitive cultivars of triticum aestivum l. in response to aluminum stress. | cultivars of triticum aestivum differing in resistance to al were grown under aseptic conditions in the presence and absence of al and polypeptides present in root exudates were collected, concentrated, and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. upon exposure to 100 and 200 [mu]m al, root elongation in al-sensitive cultivars was reduced by 30 and 65%, respectively, whereas root elongation in resistant cultivars was reduced by only 15 and 30%. accumulation of polyp ... | 1994 | 12232313 |
| high-resolution cytological mapping of the long arm of chromosome 5a in common wheat using a series of deletion lines induced by gametocidal (gc) genes of aegilops speltoides. | gametocidal (gc) genes of aegilops in the background of the wheat genome lead to breakage of wheat chromosomes. the q gene of wheat was used as a marker to select 19 deletion lines for the long arm of chromosome 5a of common wheat, triticum aestivum cv. chinese spring (cs). the extents of deleted segments were cytologically estimated by the c-banding technique. the dnas of deletion lines were hybridized with 22 dna probes recognizing sites on the long arm of the chromosome (5al) to determine the ... | 1994 | 8058036 |
| pcr analysis to distinguish between alleles of a member of a multigene family correlated with wheat bread-making quality. | good or poor wheat bread-making quality is associated with two allelic pairs at theglu-d1 complex locus, designated 1dx5-1dy10 and 1dx2-1dy12, respectively. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) verified the presence of the hmw-glutenin 1dx5 gene from genomic dna extracted from part of the endosperm of a single dry seed, or a small amount of leaf or root tissue, of several bread-wheat cultivars. this easy, quick, and non-destructive pcr-based approach is proposed as a very efficient and safe alter ... | 1994 | 24186174 |
| inward-rectifying k+ channels in root hairs of wheat (a mechanism for aluminum-sensitive low-affinity k+ uptake and membrane potential control). | k+ is the most abundant cation in cells of higher plants, and it plays vital roles in plant growth and development. extensive studies on the kinetics of k+ uptake in roots have shown that k+ uptake is mediated by at least two transport mechanisms, one with a high and one with a low affinity for k+. however, the precise molecular mechanisms of k+ uptake from soils into root epidermal cells remain unknown. in the present study we have pursued the biophysical identification and characterization of ... | 1994 | 12232295 |
| wali6 and wali7. genes induced by aluminum in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) roots. | | 1994 | 7972509 |
| an nadh nitrate reductase gene copy appears to have been deleted in barley. | cultivated barley,hordeum vulgare l., has a single nadh nitrate reductase (nr) gene while diploid wheat,triticum monococcum, and cultivated hexaploid wheat,triticum aestivum l., have two nadh nr genes. to determine whether the nadh nr gene was duplicated since the divergence oftriticum fromhordeum or was deleted from barley, thet. monococcum nadh nr gene heme-hinge regions were sequenced and compared with the barley nadh nr gene sequence. sequence identity and phylogenetic analyses showed that o ... | 1994 | 24186114 |
| leaf emergence of spring wheat receiving varying nitrogen supply at different stages of development. | we examined effects of nitrogen (n) supply on leaf emergence of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown in sand with nutrient solution containing different n concentrations (9no3: 1nh4). in expt 1, the cultivar 'gamenya' received nutrient solution twice weekly containing a constant n supply ranging from 50 to 2400 microm n. in expts 2 and 3, cultivars 'aroona' and 'gamenya' were irrigated hourly with nutrient solution containing either low (l = 50 micrrom n) or high (h = 2000 microm n) n suppl ... | 1994 | 19700456 |
| molecular variation in chloroplast dna regions in ancestral species of wheat. | restriction map variation in two 5-6-kb chloroplast dna regions of five diploid aegilops species in the section sitopsis and two wild tetraploid wheats, triticum dicoccoides and triticum araraticum, was investigated with a battery of four-cutter restriction enzymes. a single accession each of triticum durum, triticum timopheevi and triticum aestivum was included as a reference. more than 250 restriction sites were scored, of which only seven sites were found polymorphic in aegilops speltoides. n ... | 1994 | 7916310 |
| chromosome assignment of four photosynthesis-related genes and their variability in wheat species. | copy numbers of four photosynthesis-related genes, phya, ppc, rbcs and lhcb1 (*)1, in wheat genomes were estimated by slot-blot analysis, and these genes were assigned to the chromosome arms of common wheat by southern hybridization of dna from an aneuploid series of the cultivar chinese spring. the copy number of phya was estimated to be one locus per haploid genome, and this gene was assigned to chromosomes 4al, 4bs and 4ds. the ppc gene showed a low copy number of small multigenes, and was lo ... | 1994 | 24186023 |
| the influence of the rye genome on the accumulation of hsp18 and hsp70 transcripts in a wheat genetic background. | the influence of the rye genome on the accumulation of hsp18 and hsp70 transcripts in a wheat genetic background was examined in the wheat/rye hybrid triticale (triticum aestivum cv chinese spring x secale cereale cv imperial). to quantify the amount of transcript accumulation in wheat, rye, triticale, and in the disomic and the ditelosomic rye addition lines to wheat, we used two independant methods, namely (1) northern dot-blot hybridizations and (2) an exami-nation of the in-vitro translation ... | 1994 | 24186010 |
| genetics of adult-plant leaf-rust resistance in four indian and two australian bread wheat cultivars. | genetic studies for leaf-rust resistance were conducted on four indian (cpan1235, hd2135, hp1209, and vl404) and two australian (csp44 and oxley) bread wheat cultivars. the f2 and f3 plants from their crosses with each other and with susceptible cultivar agra local were tested against a mixture of pathotypes 77-1 and 77-2 (variants of race 77). disease scores on f1's from resistant/susceptible parent crosses indicated partial dominance of resistance in these wheats. the six cultivars have two ad ... | 1994 | 18470088 |
| incorporation of label from 13c-, 2h-, and 15n-labeled methionine molecules during the biosynthesis of 2[prime]-deoxymugineic acid in roots of wheat. | the biosynthetic pathway of 2[prime]-deoxymugineic acid, a key phytosiderophore, was investigated by feeding 13c-, 2h-, and 15n-labeled methionine, the first precursor, to the roots of hydroponically cultured wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv minori). the incorporation of label from each methionine species was observed during their conversion to 2[prime]-deoxymugineic acid, using 2h-, 15n-, and 13c-nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr). l-[1-13c]methionine (99% 13c) was efficiently incorporated, resulti ... | 1994 | 12232228 |
| new 18s.26s ribosomal rna gene loci: chromosomal landmarks for the evolution of polyploid wheats. | three new 18s.26s rrna gene loci were identified in common wheat by sequential n-banding and in situ hybridization (ish) analysis. locus nor-a7 is located at the terminal area of the long arm of 5a in both diploid and polyploid wheats. locus nor-b6 is located in n-band 1bl2.5 of the long arm of chromosome 1b in triticum turgidum and triticum aestivum. ish sites, similar to nor-b6, were also detected on the long arms of chromosomes 1g in triticum timopheevii and 1s in aegilops speltoides, but the ... | 1994 | 7924620 |
| pcr analysis of genes encoding allelic variants of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits at the glu-d1 locus. | genes encoding high-molecular-weight (hmw) glutenin subunits, present in bread-wheat lines and cultivars, were studied by rflp (restriction fragment length polymorphism) and pcr (polymerase chain reaction) analyses. in particular, allelic subunits of the x-or y-type, encoded at the glu-d1 locus present on the long arm of chromosome 1d, were investigated. the variation in size, observed in different allelic subunits, is mainly due to variation in the length of the central repetitive domain, typic ... | 1994 | 24185923 |
| phosphorylation of a renatured protein from etiolated wheat leaf protoplasts is modulated by blue and red light. | red-light irradiation of etiolated wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaf protoplasts rapidly increases calcium-dependent phosphorylation in vivo of 70- and 60-kd peptides, and the phosphorylation is attenuated by simultaneous far-red light (k.m. fallon, p.s. shacklock, a.j. trewavas [1993] plant physiology 101:1039-1045). when these protoplasts were solubilized in sodium dodecyl sulfate and protein kinase was renatured in situ after gel electrophoresis, a single 60-kd protein kinase was detected. in ... | 1994 | 12232200 |
| voltage-dependent ca2+ influx into right-side-out plasma membrane vesicles isolated from wheat roots: characterization of a putative ca2+ channel. | we report on the identification of a voltage-dependent ca2+ transport system that mediates ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane (pm) of wheat (triticum aestivum) root cells. the experimental approach involved the imposition of transmembrane electrical potentials (via k+ diffusion potentials) in populations of purified, right-side-out pm vesicles isolated from wheat roots. using 45ca2+ to quantify ca2+ influx into the pm vesicles, the voltage-dependent characteristics of ca2+ transport were fou ... | 1994 | 8159772 |
| transfer of ph (i) genes promoting homoeologous pairing from triticum speltoides to common wheat. | diploid-like chromosome pairing in polyploid wheat is controlled by several ph (pairing homoeologous) genes with major and minor effects. homoeologous pairing occurs in either the absence of these genes or their inhibition by genes from other species (ph (i) genes). we transferred ph (i) genes from triticum speltoides (syn aegilops speltoides) to t. aestivum, and on the basis of further analysis it appears that two duplicate and independent ph (i) genes were transferred. since ph (i) genes are e ... | 1994 | 24185888 |
| effect of gliadins and hmw and lmw subunits of glutenin on dough properties in the f6 recombinant inbred lines from a bread wheat cross. | the storage proteins of 64 f2-derived f6 recombinant inbred lines (rils) from the bread wheat cross 'prinqual'/'marengo' were analyzed. parents differed at four loci: gli-b1 (coding for gliadins), glu-b1 (coding for hmw glutenin subunits), glu-a3/gli-a1 (coding for lmw glutenin subunits/gliadins) and glu-d3 (coding for lmw glutenin subunits). the effect of allelic variation at these loci on tenacity, extensibility and dough strength as measured by the chopin alveograph was determined. allelic di ... | 1994 | 24185886 |
| wheat chromosome 2d carries genes controlling the activity of two dna-degrading enzymes. | dna-degrading enzymes of 24.0 kda and 27.0 kda were observed to have different activities in two common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars, 'wichita' and 'cheyenne'. a substrate-based sds-page assay revealed that these two enzymes were much more active in 'wichita' than in 'cheyenne'. genes controlling the activities of these two enzymes were localized on chromosome 2d by testing dna-degrading activities in reciprocal chromosome substitution lines between 'wichita' and 'cheyenne'. while the ... | 1994 | 24185878 |
| interactions between the scs and vi genes in alloplasmic durum wheat. | two nuclear genes, vitality (vi) on an a- or b-genome chromosome and species cytoplasm specific (scs) on a 1dl telosome from triticum aestivum l. or a telosome from aegilops uniaristata vis. (un telosome), improved compatibility between the nucleus of triticum turgidum l. var. durum and the cytoplasm of ae. longissima s. &m. or ae. uniaristata. to study interactions between vi and scs and to determine the chromosomal location of vi, 29-chromosome fertile plants were crossed with 13 d-genome diso ... | 1994 | 18470070 |
| in vitro analysis of light-induced transcription in the wheat psbd/c gene cluster using plastid extracts from dark-grown and short-term-illuminated seedlings. | we describe a plastid in vitro transcription system that reflects characteristic features of the light-regulated transcription observed in vivo. multiple transcripts of the wheat (triticum aestivum) psbd/c gene cluster comprise six distinct 5[prime] ends including four transcription initiation sites designated as d/c-1 through d/c-4. transcripts from one particular site, d/c-3, were found to be conspicuously enhanced in abundance after 4 h of illumination in vivo. the plastid extract prepared fr ... | 1994 | 12232165 |
| purification and properties of cystathionine [gamma]-synthase from wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | cysthathionine [gamma]-synthase (cs), an enzyme involved in methionine biosynthesis, was purified from an acetone powder prepared from wheat (triticum aestivum l.). after several chromatographic steps and radiolabeling of the partially purified enzyme with sodium cyanoboro[3h]hydride, a single polypeptide with a molecular weight of 34,500 was isolated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-high performance electrophoresis chromatography. since the molecular weight of the native enzyme was 155,000, cs apparen ... | 1994 | 12232160 |
| amplification of dna sequences in wheat and its relatives: the dgas44 and r350 families of repetitive sequences. | the sequence of a triticum tauschii genomic clone representing a family of d-genome amplified dna sequences, designated dgas44, is reported. the dgas44 sequence occurs on all chromosomes of the d genome of wheat, triticum aestivum, and in situ hybridization revealed it to be evenly dispersed on all seven chromosome pairs. an internal hindiii fragment of dgas44, designated dgas44-3, defines the highly amplified region that is specific to the d genome. the polymerase chain reaction was used to amp ... | 1994 | 8200519 |
| triticum aestivum puroindolines, two basic cystine-rich seed proteins: cdna sequence analysis and developmental gene expression. | from a mid-maturation seed cdna library we have isolated cdna clones encoding two triticum aestivum puroindolines. puroindoline-a and puroindoline-b, which are 55% similar, are basic, cystine-rich and tryptophan-rich proteins. puroindolines are synthesized as preproproteins which include n- and c-terminal propeptides which could be involved in their vacuolar localization. the mature proteins have a molecular mass of 13 kda and a calculated isoelectric point greater than 10. a notable feature of ... | 1994 | 7516201 |
| polymorphism of omega-gliadins in durum wheat as revealed by the two-step apage/sds-page technique. | polymorphism of omega-gliadins was studied in 243 durum wheats from 27 countries using the two-step one-dimensional apage/sds-page technique. a total of 12 bands of different mobility were observed, and four of them were found to be different from those previously detected by khelifi et al. (1992) in bread wheat. fifteen alleles, six coded by the gli-a1 locus and nine coded by the gli-b1 locus, were identified, accounting for 19 different electrophoretic patterns. seven new alleles were detected ... | 1994 | 24190535 |
| induction of microsomal membrane proteins in roots of an aluminum-resistant cultivar of triticum aestivum l. under conditions of aluminum stress. | three-day-old seedlings of an al-sensitive (neepawa) and an al-resistant (pt741) cultivar of triticum aestivum were subjected to al concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 [mu]m for 72 h. at 25 [mu]m al, growth of roots was inhibited by 57% in the al-sensitive cultivar, whereas root growth in the al-resistant cultivar was unaffected. a concentration of 100 [mu]m al was required to inhibit root growth of the al-resistant cultivar by 50% and resulted in almost total inhibition of root growth in the s ... | 1994 | 12232144 |
| enhancement of the salt tolerance of triticum turgidum l. by the kna1 locus transferred from the triticum aestivum l. chromosome 4d by homoeologous recombination. | durum wheat, triticum turgidum l. (2n= 4x=28, genome formula aabb) is inferior to bread wheat, t. aestivum l. (2n=6x=42, genome formula aabbdd), in the ability to exclude na(+) under salt strees, in the ratio of the accumulated k(+) to na(+) in the leaves under salt stress, and in tolerance of salt stress. previous work showed that chromosome 4d has a major effect on na(+) and k(+) accumulation in the leaves of bread wheat. the 4d chromosome was recombined with chromosome 4b in the genetic backg ... | 1994 | 24190475 |
| molecular analysis of plants regenerated from embryogenic cultures of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | total dnas of plants regenerated from immature embryo-derived 2-month-old embryogenic calli of wheat (cultivars florida 302, chris, pavon, rh770019) were probed with six maize mitochondrial genes (atpa, atp6, apt9, coxi, coxii, rrn18-rrn5), three hypervariable wheat mitochondrial clones (k', k3, x2), five random pearl millet mitochondrial clones (4a9, 4d1, 4d12, 4e1, 4e11) and the often-used wheat nor locus probe (pta71), in order to assess the molecular changes induced in vitro. in addition, pr ... | 1994 | 24190468 |
| isolation of a new species-specific repetitive sequence from thinopyrum elongatum and its use in the studies of alien translocations. | a new repetitive sequence that is extremely abundant and well dispersed in the thinopyrum elongatum genome but present in low-copy number in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) has been isolated. this repeat and a th. elongatum repeat isolated in another laboratory were used to identify cosmid genomic clones containing the repeats and, thus, putatively located on a th. elongatum/t. aestivum translocation arm. most of the selected cosmids contained single- or low-copy sequences, making them potentially ... | 1994 | 8181740 |
| new cytochrome p450-dependent reactions from wheat: terminal and sub-terminal hydroxylation of oleic acid by microsomes from naphthalic acid anhydride and phenobarbital induced wheat seedlings. | incubation of the microsomal fraction from etiolated wheat shoots (triticum aestivum l. cv etoile de choisy) with [1-14c]oleic acid led to the formation of three polar metabolites which were identified as 18-, 17- and 16-hydroxyoleic acids by gas chromatography/mass spectra analysis. they were generated in a molar ratio of 1.4/4.6/4, respectively. terminal and sub-terminal hydroxylation of oleic acid and the cytochrome p450 content were strongly enhanced in microsomes from wheat shoots treated w ... | 1994 | 8297392 |
| analysis of the genotypic effect on different developmental pathways in wheat gametophyte cultures. | seven wheat cultivars and one wild subspecies triticum aestivum ssp. spelta were compared for their in vitro fertility and androgenetic capacity by studying their anther culture response and in vitro seed production. both haploid embryogenesis and in vitro seed set showed very wide genotype dependent variability in accordance with previous observations. at the same time, an analysis of the data showed a significant negative correlation between the in vitro androgenetic ability and the in vitro f ... | 1994 | 24193657 |
| cell aggregates in wheat suspension cultures and their effects on isolation and culture of protoplasts. | fine embryogenic suspension cultures of wheat (triticum aestivum cv hartog and timmo, and t. durum cv d6962) tend to grow into large cell clumps (1-3 mm), resulting in the formation of mixed suspension cultures consisting of both fine and large cell clumps. the cell clumps were separated according to their sizes and cultured as new lines to investigate their growth rate and differentiation potential and the effects of cell aggregate size on protoplast culture. the results showed that the fine cl ... | 1994 | 24193646 |
| growth and yield responses of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. turbo) grown in open-top chambers to ozone and water stress. | spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cv. turbo was exposed to different levels of ozone and water supply in open-top chambers in 1991. the plants were grown either in charcoal filtered air (cf), not filtered air (nf), in charcoal filtered air with proportional addition of ambient ozone (cf1), or in charcoal filtered air with twice proportional addition of ambient ozone (cf2). the mean seasonal ozone concentrations (24 h mean) were 2.3, 20.6, 17.3, and 24.5 nl litre(-1) for cf, nf, cf1, and cf2 tr ... | 1994 | 15091737 |
| response of cellular antioxidants to ozone in wheat flag leaves at different stages of plant development. | the effect of ozone (o3) on growth, yield and foliar antioxidants of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. turbo) was investigated in 1990 and 1991 in braunschweig, germany. plants were grown full-season in pots in open-top chambers ventilated with charcoal-filtered (cf) air to which one or two levels of o3 were added. mean 8 h day(-1) (10.00-18.00 h) o3 concentrations in the cf and cf + o3 treatments were 5.9, 61.2 and 92.5 nl litre(-1) in 1990, and 4.7 and 86.4 nl litre(-1) in 1991. plants th ... | 1994 | 15091719 |
| effects of ozone on grain quality of wheat grown in open-top chambers: three years of experimentation. | field trials with winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown in open-top chambers and exposed to either ambient filtered (f) or unfiltered (nf) air were carried out for 3 years in northern italy. the experiments were performed at two places, a rural and an urban site in the po plain. the data obtained show no significant difference in protein, starch and glucose contents between the treatments; nevertheless, a tendency towards an increase in glucose and a decrease in starch contents was observed ... | 1994 | 15091646 |
| the use of fluorescent tracers to characterize the post-phloem transport pathway in maternal tissues of developing wheat grains. | various polar fluorescent tracers were used to characterize the pathways for apoplastic and symplastic transport in the "crease tissues" (i.e. the vascular strand, chalaza, nucellus, and adjacent pericarp) of developing wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grains. with mostly minor exceptions, the results strongly support existing views of phloem unloading and post-phloem transport pathways in the crease. apoplastic movement of lucifer yellow ch (lych) from the endosperm cavity into the crease was virtu ... | 1994 | 12232057 |
| monitoring phloem unloading and post-phloem transport by microperfusion of attached wheat grains. | phloem unloading and post-phloem transport in developing wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grains were investigated by perfusing the endosperm cavities of attached grains. relative unloading ratio (rur) and the rate of sucrose release into the endosperm cavity (srr) were calculated, respectively, from 14c import and from sucrose washout from the cavity. rur and srr continued at or near in vivo rates over a wide range of cavity sap osmolality (90 to approximately 500 milliosmolal) and sucrose concentr ... | 1994 | 12232056 |
| introgression of elymus trachycaulus chromatin into common wheat. | a number of wheat-elymus trachycaulus (2n = 4x = 28, genomically stsththt) chromosome addition, substitution, and translocation lines were isolated from the derivatives of an e. trachycaulus x wheat hybrid. eighteen out of a total of 28 chromosome arms of e. trachycaulus were recovered in the addition lines. the genomic affinity of individual e. trachycaulus chromosomes was analysed by comparative chromosome banding and in situ hybridization using genome-specific repetitive dna sequences as prob ... | 1994 | 8162318 |
| a dna-polymerase-related reading frame (pol-r) in the mtdna of secale cereale. | mitochondrial (mt)dna of secale cereale contains an open reading frame (pol-r), the potential translation product of which shows significant homology to the type-b dna polymerase encoded by the s1 plasmid of zea mays; it contains the highly-conserved domains iia to v of family b polymerases. the pol-r orf is transcribed, as proven by rt-pcr, but the transcript is not edited. upstream of the putative start codon a potential promoter motif was detected, fitting well into the postulated consensus s ... | 1994 | 8082167 |
| the genetic characterisation of novel multi-addition doubled haploid lines derived from triticale x wheat hybrids. | two novel 46-chromosome doubled haploid lines, w66 and m17, derived from separate hexaploid triticale x bread wheat crosses, were characterised using cytological and biochemical markers. both lines were shown to be relatively stable cytologically, over 11 and 8 generations of selfing, respectively. by examining mitotic and meiotic chromosomes, the stabilities of the two lines were shown to be similar with frequencies of 2n=46 in 74.2-85.5% of cells. however, over selfed generations, the rye chro ... | 1993 | 24190346 |
| [effect of addition of instant corn flour on rheological characteristics of wheat flour and breadmaking iii]. | the instant corn flour prepared by the hydrothermal process using corn grits soaked in water at room temperature (28-30 degrees c) for 5 hours and steaming for 1 minute at 118 degrees c presented characteristics similar to that of flours prepared with grits soaked in water at temperature higher than room temperature and different steaming time (5 and 15 minutes). the addition of instant corn flour up of a 25% mixture with wheat flour reduced the peak of maximum viscosity during the heating cycle ... | 1993 | 7872835 |
| aluminum tolerance in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) (ii. aluminum-stimulated excretion of malic acid from root apices). | we investigated the role of organic acids in conferring al tolerance in near-isogenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.) lines differing in al tolerance at the al tolerance locus (alt1). addition of al to nutrient solutions stimulated excretion of malic and succinic acids from roots of wheat seedlings, and al-tolerant genotypes excreted 5- to 10-fold more malic acid than al-sensitive genotypes. malic acid excretion was detectable after 15 min of exposure to 200 [mu]m al, and the amount excreted increa ... | 1993 | 12231973 |
| aluminum tolerance in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) (i. uptake and distribution of aluminum in root apices). | we investigated the uptake and distribution of al in root apices of near-isogenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.) lines differing in al tolerance at a single locus (alt1: aluminum tolerance). seedlings were grown in nutrient solution that contained 100 [mu]m al, and the roots were subsequently stained with hematoxylin, a compound that binds al in vitro to form a colored complex. root apices of al-sensitive genotypes stained after short exposures to al (10 min and 1 h), whereas apices of al-tolerant ... | 1993 | 12231972 |
| a 'zebra' chromosome arising from multiple translocations involving non-homologous chromosomes. | an alloplasmic wheat line carrying a 'zebra' chromosome z5a was isolated from the derivatives of an elymus trachycaulus x triticum aestivum cv chinese spring hybrid. chromosome z5a was named zebra because of its striped genomic in situ hybridization pattern. z5a consists of four chromosome segments derived from e. trachycaulus and four chromosome segments, including the centromere, from wheat. the short arm of z5a paired with the telocentric chromosome 1h(t)s of e. trachycaulus and the long arm ... | 1993 | 8306822 |
| five genes induced by aluminum in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) roots. | five different cdnas (termed wali1 to wali5 for wheat aluminum induced) whose expression was induced by al stress have been isolated from the root tips of al-treated wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plants. four of these genes were induced 24 to 96 h after al treatment, and their expression is reduced when the al is removed. each of these four genes was induced by inhibitory levels of al in two wheat cultivars--warigal, an al-sensitive cultivar, and waalt, an al-tolerant cultivar. the fifth gene (wa ... | 1993 | 8022939 |
| seed protein and isozyme variations in triticum tauschii (aegilops squarrosa). | sixty triticum tauschii (aegilops squarrosa, 2n=2x=14, dd) accessions were evaluated for the variability of high-molecular-weight (hmw) glutenins, gliadins and isozymes of seed esterase, β-amylase and glucose-phosphate isomerase. wide variability was observed for hmw-glutenins and gliadins. the implications of unique hmw-glutenin alleles for quality parameters are discussed. isozyme evaluations indicated more variability for the est-d (t) 5 locus as compared to the est-d5 of bread-wheat. the pol ... | 1993 | 24190222 |
| expression of individual hmw glutenin subunit genes of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in relation to differences in the number and type of homoeologous subunits and differences in genetic background. | the amount of individual high-molecular-weight (hmw) glutenin subunits of bread-wheat has been studied in relation to variation at homoeologous loci and in the general genetic background. the relationships between glu-1 loci have been studied using nearisogenic lines (nils) of the variety sicco and in the progenies of two crosses. substitution of the sicco glu-d1 allele by a null-allele resulted in higher amounts of the homoeologous subunits. the presence of a glu-a1 nullallele did not have a no ... | 1993 | 24190214 |
| recombination mapping of gli-5, a new gliadin-coding locus on chromosomes 1a and 1b in common wheat. | inheritance studies of gliadin loci on chromosomes 1a and 1b were carried out in the progeny from crosses between cv "salmone" and six other common wheat varieties. the map distance between the rg-1 locus for glume colour and the gliadin locus gli-b1 on the satellite of chromosome 1b was calculated as 2.0±0.6 cm. an additional gliadin locus, gli-b5, was mapped between gli-b1 and rg-1, 1.4 cm from the former. a genetic distance of 1.8±0.4 cm was obtained between the hg-1 locus for hairy glumes an ... | 1993 | 24190202 |
| rflp-based genetic maps of the homoeologous group 5 chromosomes of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | | 1993 | 24190195 |
| restriction fragment patterns of chloroplast and mitochondrial dna of dasypyvum villosum (l.) candargy and wheats. | to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships and cytoplasmic types, restriction endonuclease fragment patterns of chloroplast (cp) and mitochondrial (mt) dnas isolated from two different accessions of dasypyrum villosum (l.) candargy were compared with those of tetraploid wheat (triticum durum desf., pi265007), hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv chinese spring), aegilops longissimum (s. and m., in muschli) bowden and hordeum vulgare l. t. aestivum and t. durum had identical restriction pat ... | 1993 | 24190190 |
| chromosomal localization of intergenomic rflp loci in hexaploid wheat. | hybridization of radiolabeled wheat dna probes to genomic dna digests of compensating nullisomic-tetrasomic lines and ditelosomic lines of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. chinese spring) can be used to identify intergenomic rflps. sixty-three psti/bamhi genomic dna probes and eight cdna probes were used to determine the chromosomal locations of 223 dna fragments that define a minimum of 189 rflp loci. eighty-four percent of the genomic dna clones hybridize to fragments located in homoe ... | 1993 | 18470038 |
| reconstruction in wheat of complete chromosomes 1b and 1r from the 1rs.1bl translocation of 'kavkaz' origin. | translocation 1rs.1bl originally from the 'aurora' and 'kavkaz' wheats has spread to bread wheats all over the world. it offers several resistance genes and appears to significantly increase yields. for future study of the arm location of the yield-increasing factors, complete chromosomes 1b and 1r were reconstructed from the 1rs.1bl translocation. this was accomplished by centric misdivision and fusion in double monosomies 20 ii + 1rs.1bl i + 1bs.1rl i. the frequency of misdivision and misdivis ... | 1993 | 18470029 |
| transpiration induces radial turgor pressure gradients in wheat and maize roots. | previous studies have shown both the presence and the absence of radial turgor and osmotic pressure gradients across the cortex of roots. in this work, gradients were sought in the roots of wheat (triticum aestivum) and maize (zea mays) under conditions in which transpiration flux across the root was varied this was done by altering the relative humidity above the plant, by excising the root, or by using plants in which the leaves were too young to transpire. roots of different ages (4-65 d) wer ... | 1993 | 12231957 |
| isolation and analysis of a cdna clone encoding the small subunit of adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase from wheat. | a full-length cdna clone from hexaploid bread wheat, encoding the small subunit of adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase, has been isolated from an endosperm cdna library. the cdna insert has an open reading frame which encodes a protein of 473 amino acids (52.1 kda). the presence of a chloroplast/amyloplast transit peptide of 22 amino acids is proposed. the deduced amino acid sequence exhibits a high degree of homology with the small subunit adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase proteins from rice (with 90% of ... | 1993 | 8219053 |
| a wheat (triticum aestivum) cdna clone encoding a plastid-localized heat-shock protein. | | 1993 | 8029345 |
| rna editing of apocytochrome b (cob) transcripts in mitochondria from two genera of plants. | editing of the complete coding region of cob transcripts from two genera of plants has been studied by cdna sequence analysis. eighteen and nine c residues are edited into u in the mitochondrial transcripts from wheat and potato respectively. both systems share eight common editing sites; ten codons edited in wheat are "pre-edited" at the genomic level in potato, and one codon edited in potato is "pre-edited" in wheat. most amino-acid modifications lead to hydrophobic residues and increase the h ... | 1993 | 7504589 |
| use of rflp markers for the identification of alleles of the pm3 locus conferring powdery mildew resistance in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the objective of this study was to identify molecular markers linked to genes for resistance to powdery mildew (pm) in wheat using a series of 'chancellor' near-isogenic-lines (nils), each having one powdery mildew resistance gene. a total of 210 probes were screened for their ability to detect polymorphism between the nils and the recurrent parent. one of these restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) markers (xwhs179) revealed polymorphism not only between the nils for the pm3 locus, bu ... | 1993 | 24194004 |
| characterization of the early stages of genetic salt-stress responses in salt-tolerant lophopyrum elongatum, salt-sensitive wheat, and their amphiploid. | eleven unique cdna clones corresponding to genes showing enhanced mrna accumulation in the early stages of salt stress (early salt stress induced, esi) were previously isolated. the accumulation of these mrnas in lophopyrum elongatum (host) a. love, salt-sensitive wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and their amphiploid is compared. the accumulation of esi mrnas was much greater in the l. elongatum roots than in the shoots. additionally, mrna accumulation in the roots of the three genotypes showed a b ... | 1993 | 12231932 |
| c4 photosynthesis (the co2-concentrating mechanism and photorespiration). | despite previous reports of no apparent photorespiration in c4 plants based on measurements of gas exchange under 2 versus 21% o2 at varying [co2], photosynthesis in maize (zea mays) shows a dual response to varying [o2]. the maximum rate of photosynthesis in maize is dependent on o2 (approximately 10%). this o2 dependence is not related to stomatal conductance, because measurements were made at constant intercellular co2 concentration (ci); it may be linked to respiration or pseudocyclic electr ... | 1993 | 12231916 |
| aluminum enhancement of plant growth in acid rooting media. a case of reciprocal alleviation of toxicity by two toxic cations. | the generally rhizotoxic ion al3+ often enhances root growth at low concentrations. the hypothesis that al3+ enhances growth by relieving h+ toxicity was tested with wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l.). growth enhancement by al3+ only occurred under acidic conditions that reduced root elongation. al3+ increased cell membrane electrical polarity and stimulated h+ extrusion. previous investigations have shown that al3+ decreases solute leakage at low p h and that the alleviation of h+ toxicity ... | 1993 | 28741770 |
| transient changes in length and growth of wheat coleoptile segments following treatments with osmotica and auxin. | the dependence of elongation on the osmotic potential of the medium was investigated, using coleoptile segments (cs) of triticim aestivum l. (cv. hartri) and an optoelectronic device. the study aimed at separating the osmoelastic response from the irreversible growth response when an osmoticum (mannitol) was added, and to compare both processes in order to consider the possibility of growth-induced reduction in turgor pressure. the prompt inhibition of elongation registered just after addition o ... | 1993 | 28741767 |
| genetic and environmental contributions to bread-wheat flour quality using the sds sedimentation test as an index. | the contribution of a locus to the genotypic variance depends not only on the effects of its genes but also on their frequency and on the genetic background in which it segregates. in two synthetic populations, involving common cultivars of our collection, estimates were made of the contributions of alleles at the homoeologous high-molecular-weight glutenin (hmw) loci, glu-a1, glu-b1, and glu-d1, to the variation in flour quality using sds sedimentation as an index. these estimates were of the m ... | 1993 | 24193886 |
| allelic diversity of high-molecular-weight glutenin protein subunits in natural populations of dasypyrum villosum (l.) candargy. | dasypyrum villosum (l.) candargy (2n=14, v genome) is a wild, allogamous, diploid grass species that is a potential genetic resource for wheat improvement. the diversity of high-molecular-weight (hmw) glutenin subunits of the seed storage proteins of this species was examined in populations sampled in their natural habitats in italy and yugoslavia where the species is widely distributed. the results of selfed progeny tests confirmed that the allelic variation of hmw-glutenin subunits in d. villo ... | 1993 | 24193881 |
| cultivar identification in t. aestivum using highly polymorphic rflp probes. | two probes, specific for hmw-glutenins and γ-gliadins have been used to identify 50 common wheat italian cultivars, most of which are closely related, and four common wheat cultivars originating outside italy. the probes revealed complex polymorphic patterns; three probe/enzyme combinations had the necessary sensitivity for the identification of all 54 cultivars. as already shown for potato and barley, the use of four-cutter restriction enzymes and polyacrylamide gels proved particularly useful ... | 1993 | 24193878 |
| cytological and molecular characterization of a chromosome interchange and addition lines in cadet involving chromosome 5b of wheat and 6ag of lophopyrum ponticum. | efforts to transfer wheat curl mite (eriophyes tulipae keifer) resistance from lophopyrum ponticum 10x (podb.) love to bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) have resulted in the production of a number of cytogenetic stocks, including an addition line of 6ag, a "ditelo" addition line, and a wheat-lophopyrum translocation line. characterization of these lines with c-banding, in situ hybridization with a lophopyrum species-specific repetitive dna probe (pleucd2), and southern blotting with pleucd2 and ... | 1993 | 24193877 |
| gliadin alleles in canadian western red spring wheat cultivars: use of two different procedures of acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for gliadin separation. | gliadin allele compositions of 21 canadian spring common wheat cultivars, most of which belong to the canada western red spring (cwrs) class, were studied and great similarity in their genotypes was confirmed. it was found that alleles frequent in the set of canadian wheats (such as gli-b1d, gli-d1j, gli-a2m, and gli-d2h) are very rare or absent in common wheat cultivars from other regions and countries studied earlier, indicating that germplasm of cwrs cultivars is rather unique. it may be sugg ... | 1993 | 18470021 |
| rapid production of multiple independent lines of fertile transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum). | improvement of wheat (triticum aestivum) by biotechnological approaches is currently limited by a lack of efficient and reliable transformation methodology. in this report, we detail a protocol for transformation of a highly embryogenic wheat cultivar, bobwhite. calli derived from immature embryos, 0.5 to 1 mm long, were bombarded with microprojectiles coated with dna containing as marker genes the bar gene, encoding phosphinothricin-resistance, and the gene encoding [beta]-glucuronidase (gus), ... | 1993 | 12231889 |
| purification and characterization of (1-->3, 1-->4)-beta-glucan endohydrolases from germinated wheat (triticum aestivum). | a (1-->3, 1-->4)-beta-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase [(1-->3, 1-->4)-beta-glucanase, ec 3.2.1.73] was purified to homogeneity from extracts of germinated wheat grain. the enzyme, which was identified as an endohydrolase on the basis of oligosaccharide products released from a (1-->3, 1-->4)-beta-glucan substrate, has an apparent pi of 8.2 and an apparent molecular mass of 30 kda. western blot analyses with specific monoclonal antibodies indicated that the enzyme is related to (1-->3, 1-->4)-beta-gluc ... | 1993 | 8358032 |
| factors affecting transient gene expression in protoplasts isolated from very slowly growing embryogenic callus cultures of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | protoplasts isolated from embryogenic ('mustang' and 'chinese spring') and non-embryogenic ('mit') calli of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes transiently expressed β-glucuronidase (gus) activity when electroporated with a plasmid containing the gus gene and driven by an enhanced 35s promoter and a tmv leader sequence. conditions for the maximum expression of gus activity were: electroporation of the freshly isolated protoplasts at 250 vcm(-1) and 250 μf for 2 s using 50 μg/ml of plasmid dna ... | 1993 | 24193782 |
| interaction between aluminum toxicity and calcium uptake at the root apex in near-isogenic lines of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) differing in aluminum tolerance. | aluminum (al) is toxic to plants at ph < 5.0 and can begin to inhibit root growth within 3 h in solution experiments. the mechanism by which this occurs is unclear. disruption of calcium (ca) uptake by al has long been considered a possible cause of toxicity, and recent work with wheat (triticum aestivum l. thell) has demonstrated that ca uptake at the root apex in an al-sensitive cultivar (scout 66) was inhibited more than in a tolerant cultivar (atlas 66) (j.w. huang, j.e. shaff, d.l. grunes, ... | 1993 | 12231883 |
| changes in the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes during exposure of intact wheat leaves to strong visible light at different temperatures in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitors. | changes in activities of the enzymes involved in the metabolism of active oxygen species were followed in homogenates prepared from wheat leaves (triticum aestivum l.) exposed to strong visible light (600 w m-2). the activities of superoxide dismutase (sod), ascorbate peroxidase, and monodehydroascorbate reductase increased significantly on prolonged illumination of the leaves, indicating an increase in the rate of generation of active oxygen species. this increase was further exacerbated when h ... | 1993 | 12231875 |
| chromosomal locations of the genes for histones and a histone gene-binding protein family hbp-1 in common wheat. | the chromosomal locations of the genes in common wheat that encode the five histones and five members of the hbp (histone gene-binding protein)-1 family were determined by hybridizing their cloned dnas to genomic dnas of nullitetrasomic and telosomic lines of common wheat, triticum aestivum cv. chinese spring. the h1 and h2a genes are located on different sets of homoeologous chromosomes or chromosome arms, namely, 5a, 5b and 5d, and 2as, 2bs and 2ds, respectively. genes for the other histones, ... | 1993 | 8343598 |
| storage changes in the quality of sound and sprouted flour. | sound and sprouted flours (24 and 48 hr) from bread wheat (wl-1562), durum wheat (pbw-34) and triticale (tl-1210) were stored at room temperature (34.8 degrees c) and relative humidity (66.7%) for 0, 45, 90 and 135 days to assess the changes in physico-chemical and baking properties. protein, gluten, sedimentation value, starch and crude fat decreased during storage in all the samples; however, the decrease was more in sprouted flours. free amino acids, proteolytic activity, diastatic activity a ... | 1993 | 8332585 |
| characterisation of the wheat mr 15000 "grain-softness protein" and analysis of the relationship between its accumulation in the whole seed and grain softness. | the mr 15000 protein associated with water-washed wheat starch granules from soft wheats was shown to be heterogeneous: it could be divided into a fraction containing one or moreα-amylase inhibitor subunits and a fraction largely composed of a previously uncharacterised polypeptide(s) referred to as the "grainsoftness protein" (gsp). the major n-terminal sequence and sequences of peptides derived from protease digests of gsp are reported. an antiserum specific for gsp was used to show that gsp a ... | 1993 | 24193708 |
| a cytogenetically based physical map of chromosome 1b in common wheat. | we have constructed a cytogenetically based physical map of chromosome 1b in common wheat by utilizing a total of 18 homozygous deletion stocks. it was possible to divide chromosome 1b into 17 subregions. nineteen genetic markers are physically mapped to nine subregions of chromosome 1b. comparison of the cytological map of chromosome 1b with an rflp-based genetic linkage map of triticum tauschii revealed that the linear order of the genetic markers was maintained between chromosome 1b of hexapl ... | 1993 | 18470009 |
| simultaneous discrimination of the three genomes in hexaploid wheat by multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization using total genomic and highly repeated dna probes. | common wheat, triticum aestivum, is an allohexaploid species consisting of three different genomes (a, b, and d). the three genomes were simultaneously discriminated with different colors. biotinylated total genomic dna of the diploid a genome progenitor triticum urartu, digoxigenin-labeled total genomic dna of the diploid d genome progenitor aegilops squarrosa, and nonlabeled total genomic dna of one of the possible b genome progenitors ae. speltoides were hybridized in situ to metaphase chromo ... | 1993 | 18470003 |
| immunochemical identification of lmw subunits of glutenin associated with bread-making quality of wheat flours. | a murine monoclonal antibody (ifrn 0067), one of a library developed against prolamin fractions fromtriticum aestivum, has been characterised using a combination of immunoassay and immunoblotting techniques. the antibody was specific for two glutenin polypeptides which appeared by 2-dimensional electrophoresis to belong to the b group of lmw subunits. from results of antibody-binding studies with material extracted from genetic stocks, it was deduced that the target polypeptides were encoded on ... | 1993 | 24193591 |
| group 3 late embryogenesis abundant proteins in desiccation-tolerant seedlings of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | dormant seeds and young seedlings of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) tolerate desiccation. a transcript expressed in this desiccation-tolerant tissue has been cloned and sequenced (j. curry, c.f. morris, m.k. walker-simmons [1991] plant mol biol 16: 1073-1076). this wheat cdna clone encodes a protein that is homologous to other group 3 late embryogenesis abundant (lea) proteins. in this report, we describe the production of polyclonal antibodies to the protein product of the cdna clone and assess g ... | 1993 | 12231803 |
| aluminum effects on calcium (45ca2+) translocation in aluminum-tolerant and aluminum-sensitive wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars (differential responses of the root apex versus mature root regions). | the influence of al exposure on long-distance ca2+ translocation from specific root zones (root apex or mature root) to the shoot was studied in intact seedlings of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars (al-tolerant atlas 66 and al-sensitive scout 66). seedlings were grown in 100 [mu]m cacl2 solution (ph 4.5) for 3 d. subsequently, a divided chamber technique using 45ca2+-labeled solutions (100 [mu]m cacl2 with or without 5 or 20 [mu]m alcl3, ph 4.5) was used to study ca2+ translocation ... | 1993 | 12231799 |
| genetics of gliadins coded by the group 1 chromosomes in the high-quality bread wheat cultivar neepawa. | the inheritance and biochemical properties of gliadins controlled by the group 1 chromosomes of the high-quality bread wheat cultivar neepawa were studied in the progeny of the cross neepawa x costantino by six different electrophoretic procedures. chromosome 1b of neepawa contains two gliadin loci, one (gli-b1) coding for at least six ω- or γ-gliadins, the other (gli-b3) controlling the synthesis of gliadin n6 only. the map distance between these loci was calculated as 22.1 cm. amongst the chro ... | 1993 | 24193488 |
| thinopyrum bessarabicum: biochemical and cytological markers for the detection of genetic introgression in its hybrid derivatives with triticum aestivum l. | thinopyrum bessarabicum (2n = 2x = 14, jj) with its unique property of salt tolerance provides a potential means for the transfer of this important and complex trait into cultivated wheat through intergeneric hybridization. to accomplish this, diagnostic markers for detecting the presence of th. bessarabicum chromosomes in a wheat background have to be established. the c-banded karyotype of th. bessarabicum distinctly identifies individual th. bessarabicum chromosomes and separates them from tho ... | 1993 | 24193484 |
| stabilization of tetraploid triticale with chromosomes from triticum aestivum (abd)(abd)rr (2n = 28). | f1 hybrids with the genome constitution abderr (2n = 6x = 42) or abde(ab)rr (2n = 7x = 49), selected from crosses between either an octoploid triticum aestivum/thinopyrum elongatun amphiploid and tetraploid secale cereale (aabbddee x rrrr) or autoallohexaploid triticale [aabbddee x (ab)(ab)rrrr], were backcrossed to tetraploid triticale (ab)(ab)rr and selfed for six generations. thirty-three different tetraploid f6 progenies were karyotyped using c-banding. the aneuploidy frequency was 6.6% with ... | 1993 | 24193483 |
| combining mutations for the two homoeologous pairing suppressor genes ph1 and ph2 in common wheat and in hybrids with alien triticeae. | two lines of common wheat cv. chinese spring, carrying simultaneous mutations for the two major homoeologous pairing wheat suppressor genes ph1 and ph2 have been developed and their pairing behaviour compared with that of the ph1b mutant of the same cultivar. besides carrying the ph1b mutation, the first double mutant line lacked the chromosome arm pair 3ds, containing ph2, whereas the second had a euploid constitution and carried the ph1b allele on 3ds. hybrids of aegilops variabilis and secale ... | 1993 | 18469995 |
| identification, characterization, and comparison of rna-degrading enzymes of wheat and barley. | rna-degrading enzymes play an important role in regulating gene expression, and sequence analyses have revealed significant homology among several plant rna-degrading enzymes. in this study we surveyed crude extracts of the above-ground part of the common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and the cultivated barley (hordeum vulgare l.) for major rna-degrading enzymes using a substrate-based sds-page assay. fifteen wheat and fourteen barley rna-degrading enzymes, with apparent molecular masses ranging ... | 1993 | 7689828 |
| detection in vivo of very rapid red light-induced calcium-sensitive protein phosphorylation in etiolated wheat (triticum aestivum) leaf protoplasts. | etiolated wheat (triticum aestivum cv mercia) leaf protoplasts respond to brief red-light irradiation by increasing in volume over a 10-min incubation period (m.e. bossen, h.a. dassen, r.e. kendrick, w.j. vredenberg [1988] planta 174: 94-100). when the calcium-sensitive dye fluo-3 was incorporated into these protoplasts, red-light irradiation initiated calcium transients lasting about 2 min (p.s. shacklock, n.d. read, a.j. trewavas [1992] nature 358: 153-155). release of calcium in the protoplas ... | 1993 | 12231756 |
| comparative analysis of a recombining-repeat-sequence family in the mitochondrial genomes of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and rye (secale cereale l.). | the mitochondrial genomes of wheat and rye each contain a three-member family of recombining repeat sequences (the "18s/5s repeat") that encode genes for 18s and 5s rrnas (rrn18 and rrn5) and trna(fmet) (trnfm). here we present, for wheat and rye, the sequence and boundaries of the "common sequence unit" (csu) that is shared between all three repeat copies in each species. the wheat csu is 4,429 base-pairs long and contains (in addition to trnfm, rrn18 and rrn5) a putative promoter, three trna-l ... | 1993 | 8435855 |
| characterization of drought resistance in a wild relative of wheat, triticum kotschyi. | wild relatives of wheat have served as a genetic source for economically useful traits. a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying such traits may be useful in the genetic transfer and selection processes. research was undertaken to compare the effects of controlled water stress on photosynthetic parameters in triticum kotschyi, a drought resistant wild wheat and triticum aestivum cv. lakhish, a drought sensitive wheat cultivar. during stress development, the leaf water potential decrea ... | 1993 | 24318681 |
| polymorphism and chromosomal location of endogenous α-amylase inhibitor genes in common wheat. | polymorphism of an endogenous α-amylase inhibitor in wheat was studied using iso-electric focusing followed by monoclonal antibody - based immunoblotting. ten isoforms of the inhibitor detected in common wheat and its wild counterparts were assigned to five homoeologous loci. three α-amylase inhibitor loci (isa-1) were identified in common wheat and located on the long arms of chromosomes 2a, 2b and 2d. in a sample of 27 bread wheats, eight durum wheats, and 12 diploid wheat relatives, amphiploi ... | 1993 | 24196156 |
| relp markers linked to two hessian fly-resistance genes in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) from triticum tauschii (coss.) schmal. | restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) markers linked to genes controlling hessian fly resistance from triticum tauschii (coss.) schmal. were identified for two wheat (triticum aestivum l.) germ plasm lines ks89wgrc3 (c3) and ks89wgrc6 (c6). forty-six clones with loci on chromosomes of homoeologous group 3 and 28 clones on those of group 6 were surveyed for polymorphisms. eleven and 12 clones detected t. tauschii loci in the two lines, respectively. analysis of f2 progenies indicated th ... | 1993 | 24196046 |
| gamete composition and chromosome variation in pollen-derived plants from octoploid triticale x common wheat hybrids. | anther culture of secondary octoploid triticale (aabbddrr) and f1 hybrids (aabbddr) of octoploid triticale x common wheat crosses was carried out, and 96 pollen-derived plants were developed and studied cytologically. in addition to the 8 types of pollen-derived plants with the theoretically predicted chromosome number, plants with the chromosome constitutions of 2n = 38, 43, 45, 47, 74, and mixoploids were obtained. the haploids and the diploids had different distributions. the frequencies of p ... | 1993 | 24196036 |
| the effects of level of 2,4-d and time in culture on regeneration rate and chromosome numbers of regenerants from calli of the hybrid triticum aestivum cv. chinese spring ph1b x thinopyrum ponticum (2n = 10x = 70). | thinopyrum ponticum (podp.) barkworth &d. r. dewey (2n = 10x = 70) has excellent resistance for both leaf and stem rusts. long-term callus cultures were established from the immature embryos of a hybrid between triticum aestivum l. (2n = 6x = 42) x th. ponticum. they were maintained in culture for over 2 years and continued to grow and have organogenetic capacity. with increasing time on a maintenance medium, the plant regeneration rates of the hybrid calli decreased when transferred to regenera ... | 1993 | 18469979 |
| purification and characterization of the voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein from wheat mitochondrial membranes. | an approximately 29-kd protein was purified from the membrane fraction of wheat (triticum aestivum cv dganit) mitochondria by the utilization of standard liquid chromatography techniques. the protein, designated mmp29 for mitochondrial membrane protein having a molecular mass of approximately 29 kd, exhibited cationic properties in a buffering solution, adjusted to ph 7.5. this positive charge enabled its passage through a diethylaminoethyl column, without interaction with the positively charged ... | 1993 | 12231713 |
| identification of three wx proteins in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | nullisomic analysis of waxy (wx) protein of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cv. "chinese spring" using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that three wx loci, wx-a1, wx-b1, and wx-d1, located on chromosome arms 7as, 4al, and 7ds, produce three distinct wx subunit groups, subunit group-a (sga), sgb, and sgd, respectively. sga has a higher molecular weight and a more basic isoelectric point (pi) than the other two. sgb and sgd have the same molecular weight but a sli ... | 1993 | 8471025 |
| cryopreservation of immature spring wheat zygotic embryos using an abscisic acid pretreatment. | spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) zygotic embryos were successfully cryopreserved, without the addition of exogenous cryoprotectants, using only an abscisic acid (aba) pretreatment. optimum survival was obtained when embryos were cultured in vitro for 10 days on semisolid murashige and skoog (ms) nutrient medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l (±) aba prior to cryopreservation. the embryos resumed growth within three days when returned to ms medium devoid of aba but containing 2mg/l 2,4-dichlorophe ... | 1993 | 24202075 |