| po157_sal, a novel conjugative plasmid detected in outbreak isolates of escherichia coli o157:h7. | in addition to the large virulence plasmid po157, a novel 38-kb conjugative plasmid, po157_sal, was identified and sequenced from an escherichia coli o157:h7 outbreak-associated chinese isolate that shares high similarity with a plasmid in salmonella enterica serovar agona. the plasmid was found in 15 of 326 isolates, 12 of which were of the same pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type. | 2011 | 21346051 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lacking hfq gene confers protective immunity against murine typhoid. | salmonella enterica is an important enteric pathogen and its various serovars are involved in causing both systemic and intestinal diseases in humans and domestic animals. the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of salmonella leading to increased morbidity and mortality has further complicated its management. live attenuated vaccines have been proven superior over killed or subunit vaccines due to their ability to induce protective immunity. of the various strategies used for the generation ... | 2011 | 21347426 |
| a mutation in the poxa gene of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium alters protein production, elevates susceptibility to environmental challenges, and decreases swine colonization. | control of foodborne salmonella within the farm-retail continuum is a complex issue since over 2500 serovars of salmonella exist, the host range of salmonella spp. varies greatly, and salmonella is environmentally ubiquitous. to identify salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (salmonella typhimurium) genes important for pathogen survival, our research group previously screened a signature-tagged mutagenesis bank in an ex vivo swine stomach content assay. a mutation in the poxa gene, a member of ... | 2011 | 21348575 |
| cellular aspects of immunity to intracellular salmonella enterica. | salmonella enterica is a frequent gastrointestinal pathogen with ability to cause diseases ranging from local gastrointestinal inflammation and diarrhea to life-threatening typhoid fever. salmonella is an invasive, facultative intracellular pathogen that infects various cell types of the host and can survive and proliferate in different populations of immune cells. during pathogenesis, salmonella is confronted with various lines of immune defense. to successfully colonize host organisms, the pat ... | 2011 | 21349094 |
| immunity to salmonellosis. | salmonella enterica is a genetically broad species harboring isolates that display considerable antigenic heterogeneity and significant differences in virulence potential. salmonella generally exhibit an invasive potential and they can survive for extended periods within cells of the immune system. they cause acute or chronic infections that can be local (e.g. gastroenteritis) or systemic (e.g. typhoid). in vivo salmonella infections are complex with multiple arms of the immune system being enga ... | 2011 | 21349095 |
| salmonella enterica strains belonging to o serogroup 1,3,19 induce chlorosis and wilting of arabidopsis thaliana leaves. | the number of outbreaks and illness linked to the consumption of contaminated salad leaves have increased dramatically in the last decade. escherichia coli and salmonella enterica are the most common food-borne pathogens linked to consumption of fresh produce. different serovars of s. enterica subspecies enterica have been shown to bind the surface of salad leaves, to exhibit tropism towards the stomata and to invade leaves and reach the underlying mesophyll. however the consequences of leaf inv ... | 2011 | 21349136 |
| genetic analysis of the bacterial hook-capping protein flgd responsible for hook assembly. | flgd of salmonella enterica is a 232 aa protein that acts as the hook cap to promote assembly of flge into the hook structure. the n-terminal 86 residues (flgd(n)) complement flgd mutants, albeit to a small degree. however, little is known about the role of the c-terminal region of flgd (flgd(c)). here we isolated pseudorevertants from salmonella flge mutants. about half of the extragenic mutations lay within flgd(c) and only one in flgd(n). these suppressor mutations prevented mutant flge subun ... | 2011 | 21349976 |
| function-specific accelerations in rates of sequence evolution suggest predictable epistatic responses to reduced effective population size. | changes in effective population size impinge on patterns of molecular evolution. notably, slightly deleterious mutations are more likely to drift to fixation in smaller populations, which should typically also lead to an overall acceleration in the rates of evolution. this prediction has been validated empirically for several endosymbiont and island taxa. here, we first show that rate accelerations are also evident in bacterial pathogens whose recent shifts in virulence make them prime candidate ... | 2011 | 21349981 |
| five commercial dna extraction systems tested and compared on a stool sample collection. | in this study, 5 different commercial dna extraction systems were tested on a stool sample collection containing 81 clinical stool specimens that were culture-positive for diarrheagenic escherichia coli, campylobacter jejuni, salmonella enterica, or clostridium difficile. the purified dnas were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) directed toward the relevant organisms. the results showed that conventional pcr combined with the extraction systems biorobot ez1 (qiagen, hilden, germany), bu ... | 2011 | 21353945 |
| characterization of the quinolone resistance mechanism in foodborne salmonella isolates with high nalidixic acid resistance. | sixteen salmonella strains resistant to nalidixic acid isolated from kimbab, the most popular ready-to-eat (rte) food in korea, and chicken meat were selected for this study. the resistant strains were shown to have high minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) against nalidixic acid (512~4096 µg/ml). among them, 4 salmonella enterica serovar haardt isolates showed multi-drug resistance (mdr) patterns with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolone (0.5 µg/ml of ciprofloxacin mics). the mechanism ... | 2011 | 21354645 |
| pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) analysis for multidrug resistant salmonella enterica serovar schwarzengrund isolates collected in six years (2000-2005) from retail chicken meat in taiwan. | salmonella schwarzengrund is one of the causative agents of human salmonellosis and animal infections. high prevalence of multidrug resistant strains of s. schwarzengrund from chicken meat has been recently reported in taiwan. with an attempt to see if such prevalence in chicken meat was due to the recirculation of s. schwarzengrund strains in traditional marketplaces, a total of 173 s. schwarzengrund strains isolated between 2000 and 2005 from 417 retail chicken meat samples purchased from taip ... | 2010 | 21356444 |
| development and evaluation of dna and rna real-time assays for food analysis using the hila gene of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica. | the objective of this study was the development of dna and rna real-time pcr methods for detection of food-borne salmonella sp. as rapid alternatives to the traditional cultural method (iso 6579, 2004) in fresh meat carcasses and processed meat samples. these pcr methods were based on the hila sequence, with primers and hybridisation probes designed against this gene target. the primers and probes were evaluated for their efficiency and dynamic range and subsequently the specificity of the assay ... | 2010 | 21356450 |
| t cell augments the antitumor activity of tumor-targeting salmonella. | systemic administration of salmonella to tumor-bearing mice leads to preferential accumulation within tumor sites and retardation of tumor growth. however, the detailed mechanism of salmonella-induced antitumor immune response via host t cell remains uncertain. herein, we used wild-type, cd4(+) t-cell-deficient, and cd8(+) t-cell-deficient mice to study the role of t cell in the antitumor immune responses induced by salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis (salmonella choleraesuis). when systemi ... | 2011 | 21360146 |
| pathogen detection using a liquid array technology. | low concentrations of microbial pathogens in pure and mixed samples were detected using a bead-based, liquid array technology. a 20-bp sequence in the 23s rrna gene, rrl, was amplified in four microorganisms: bacillus cereus, escherichia coli, salmonella enterica and staphylococcus aureus. pcr products were positively identified with the luminex(®) 100™ system. the system could detect very low amounts of dna and the instrument response was proportional to the input concentration. the lower limit ... | 2011 | 21361936 |
| new flagellin gene for salmonella enterica serovar typhi from the east indonesian archipelago. | phase variation is a property unique of some salmonella enterica serovar typhi strains from indonesia. salmonella typhi isolates from indonesia have been described that in addition to the phase 1 hd flagellin gene contain a second flagellin gene named z66. s. typhi isolates from indonesia with a mutant hd gene named hj have also been described. here, we have identified another flagellin gene of s. typhi, named ind, showing a closest homology with the flagellin gene of serratia marcescens. the in ... | 2011 | 21363982 |
| prevalence of salmonella spp. antibodies to toxoplasma gondii, and newcastle disease virus in feral pigeons (columba livia) in the city of jaboticabal, brazil. | the rock pigeon (columba livia) may serve as a reservoir for several pathogenic agents that can be transmitted to poultry, wildlife, domesticated pets, and/or humans via excreta, secretions, or dust from feathers. in addition, ingestion of infected pigeons by wild and domestic animals can also transmit these pathogenic agents. the health status of 126 free-living pigeons in an urban area was evaluated by microbiologic culture for salmonella and serologic testing for the presence of antibodies fo ... | 2010 | 21370639 |
| enterobacteriaceae associated with eggs of podocnemis expansa and podocnemis unifilis (testudines:chelonia) in nonpolluted sites of national park of araguaia plains, brazil. | fertile eggs of podocnemis expansa and podocnemis unifilis were investigated for the presence of enterobacteria, as these two endangered species have the potential for conservation measures that include egg transfer. knowledge of normal microflora associated with turtles and turtle eggs would help effectively manage the transfer of these eggs among institutions. thirty eggs of each species were collected, aseptically transferred, cracked inside plastic bags containing tetrathionate broth, and sp ... | 2010 | 21370647 |
| ultrasonographic diagnosis of an endocarditis valvularis in a burmese python (python molurus bivittatus) with pneumonia. | an 11-yr-old burmese python (python molurus bivittatus) was presented with a history of respiratory symptoms. computed tomography and an endoscopic examination of the left lung were performed and revealed severe pneumonia. microbiologic examination of a tracheal wash sample and an endoscopy-guided sample from the lung confirmed infection with salmonella enterica ssp. iv, enterobacter cloacae, and klebsiella pneumoniae. computed tomographic examination demonstrated a hyperattenuated structure wit ... | 2010 | 21370657 |
| lingonberry (vaccinium vitis-idaea) and european cranberry (vaccinium microcarpon) proanthocyanidins: isolation, identification, and bioactivities. | european, small-fruited cranberries (vaccinium microcarpon) and lingonberries (vaccinium vitis-idaea) were characterized for their phenolic compounds and tested for antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiadhesive, and antiinflammatory effects. the main phenolic compounds in both lingonberries and cranberries were proanthocyanidins comprising 63-71% of the total phenolic content, but anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, and flavonols were also found. proanthocyanidins are polymeric ... | 2011 | 21370878 |
| detection of novel gyra mutations in nalidixic acid-resistant isolates of salmonella enterica from patients with diarrhoea. | the aim of the current study was to detect mutations in the gyra gene of quinolone-resistant salmonella spp. isolates recovered in tehran, iran. between april 2008 and september 2009, 174 salmonella spp. were collected and assayed for quinolone resistance and detection of gyra mutations. isolates identified as salmonella enterica were tested for susceptibility by the disk diffusion method. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification and sequencing of the gyra gene segment encoding the quinolon ... | 2011 | 21371866 |
| structural and functional studies of a 50 kda antigenic protein from salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | the high typhoid incidence rate in developing and under-developed countries emphasizes the need for a rapid, affordable and accessible diagnostic test for effective therapy and disease management. typhidot®, a rapid dot enzyme immunoassay test for typhoid, was developed from the discovery of a ~50 kda protein specific for salmonella enterica serovar typhi. however, the structure of this antigen remains unknown till today. studies on the structure of this antigen are important to elucidate its fu ... | 2011 | 21371926 |
| national outbreak of salmonella serotype saintpaul infections: importance of texas restaurant investigations in implicating jalapeño peppers. | in may 2008, pulsenet detected a multistate outbreak of salmonella enterica serotype saintpaul infections. initial investigations identified an epidemiologic association between illness and consumption of raw tomatoes, yet cases continued. in mid-june, we investigated two clusters of outbreak strain infections in texas among patrons of restaurant a and two establishments of restaurant chain b to determine the outbreak's source. | 2011 | 21373185 |
| immunoassay based on carbon nanotubes-enhanced elisa for salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | among the methods used to detect pathogenic bacteria, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is one of the most widely used techniques in routine sample analysis. for salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium detection, a typical elisa yields a sensitivity of 10(6)-10(7)cfu/ml. to enhance the detection sensitivity, single-walled carbon nanotubes (swcnts) was employed in this study as a labelling platform for antibody and horseradish peroxidase (hrp) co-immobilizing. with high proteins recovery ... | 2011 | 21376561 |
| substructure within salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates from australian wildlife. | multilocus sequence typing of 56 salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains isolated from australian wildlife hosts was performed. the results of population assignment algorithms revealed that the 56 strains could be subdivided into two distinct clades. strains belonging to the two clades were further distinguished phenotypically, genotypically, and with respect to host distribution. | 2011 | 21378038 |
| real-time monitoring of salmonella enterica in free-range geese. | free-range geese were sampled longitudinally and salmonella isolates characterized to reveal highly diverging colonization dynamics. one flock was intermittently colonized with one strain of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis from 2 weeks of age, while in another, s. enterica serovar mbandaka appeared after 9 weeks, without dissemination but with multiple serovars appearing at later stages. | 2011 | 21378040 |
| isolation of lactobacillus salivarius 1077 (nrrl b-50053) and characterization of its bacteriocin, including the antimicrobial activity spectrum. | lactobacillus salivarius 1077 (nrrl b-50053) was isolated from poultry intestinal materials, and in vitro anti-campylobacter jejuni activity was demonstrated. the isolate was then used for bacteriocin production and its enrichment. the protein content of the cell-free supernatant from the spent medium was precipitated by ammonium sulfate and dialyzed to produce the crude antimicrobial preparation. a typical bacteriocin-like response of sensitivity to proteolytic enzymes and resistance to lysozym ... | 2011 | 21378051 |
| prevalence, distribution, and diversity of salmonella enterica in a major produce region of california. | a survey was initiated to determine the prevalence of salmonella enterica in the environment in and around monterey county, ca, a major agriculture region of the united states. trypticase soy broth enrichment cultures of samples of soil/sediment (n = 617), water (n = 252), wildlife (n = 476), cattle feces (n = 795), and preharvest lettuce and spinach (n = 261) tested originally for the presence of pathogenic escherichia coli were kept in frozen storage and later used to test for the presence of ... | 2011 | 21378057 |
| absence of pmrab-mediated phosphoethanolamine modifications of citrobacter rodentium lipopolysaccharide affects outer membrane integrity. | the pmrab two-component system of enterobacteria regulates a number of genes whose protein products modify lipopolysaccharide (lps). the lps is modified during transport to the bacterial outer membrane (om). a subset of pmrab-mediated lps modifications consists of the addition of phosphoethanolamine (petn) to lipid a by pmrc and to the core by cpta. in salmonella enterica, petn modifications have been associated with resistance to polymyxin b and to excess iron. to investigate putative functions ... | 2011 | 21378194 |
| optimization of rapid salmonella enterica detection in liquid whole eggs by sybr green i-based real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. | eggs and egg products have a high risk of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis contamination leading to gastroenteritis outbreaks in humans. thus, a rapid screening tool for viable salmonella enteritidis cells in the egg industry is needed. our objective was to rapidly and sensitively detect viable salmonella enteritidis from spiked liquid whole eggs (lwes) within 24 h using sybr green i-based real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting the salmonella specific in ... | 2011 | 21381900 |
| high burden of antimicrobial resistance in asia. | antimicrobial resistance is associated with high mortality rates and high medical costs. marked variations in the resistance profiles of bacterial and fungal pathogens as well as the quality of public hygiene have had a considerable impact on the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents in asian countries. in asia, one of the epicentres of antimicrobial drug resistance, there is an alarming number of antibiotic-resistant species, including penicillin- and erythromycin-resistant streptococcus pneumo ... | 2011 | 21382699 |
| related antimicrobial resistance genes detected in different bacterial species co-isolated from swine fecal samples. | a potential factor leading to the spread of antimicrobial resistance (ar) in bacteria is the horizontal transfer of resistance genes between bacteria in animals or their environment. to investigate this, swine fecal samples were collected on-farm and cultured for escherichia coli, salmonella enterica, campylobacter spp., and enterococcus spp. which are all commonly found in swine. forty-nine of the samples from which all four bacteria were recovered were selected yielding a total of 196 isolates ... | 2011 | 21385089 |
| occurrence, abundance, and diversity of tetracycline resistance genes in 15 sewage treatment plants across china and other global locations. | activated sludge was sampled from 15 sewage treatment plants (stps) across china and other global locations to investigate the occurrence, abundance and diversity of tetracycline resistance genes (tet) in the stps. occurrence and abundance of 14 tet genes were determined using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and quantitative real time pcr. six genes (tet(a), tet(c), tet(g), tet(m), tet(s), and tet(x)) were detected in all the stps, while no sludge sample contained tet(q). total concentration of ... | 2011 | 21388174 |
| an outbreak of foodborne salmonellosis in rural kwazulu-natal, south africa. | salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis is a universally recognized cause of foodborne disease. in south africa, outbreaks of foodborne disease are generally under reported. we investigated the etiology of acute gastroenteritis in 216 patients who presented to a rural hospital in kwazulu-natal, south africa, after consuming a meal at a school function. | 2011 | 21388293 |
| listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enterica enteritidis biofilms susceptibility to different disinfectants and stress-response and virulence gene expression of surviving cells. | disinfection of food contact surfaces is a challenging task, aggravated by bacteria's capacity to survive and/or resist antimicrobials by means of mechanisms not yet completely understood. this work evaluated the susceptibility of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enterica biofilms to four disinfectants, and analyzed how those chemical agents influenced stress-response and virulence genes expression by surviving cells. three strains of each bacterial species mentioned were used, and their bi ... | 2011 | 21388333 |
| porcine toll-like receptors: recognition of salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis and influence of polymorphisms. | salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis (sc) is a highly invasive pathogen that causes enteric and septicemic diseases in pigs. although there have been some reports on gene expression profiles in the course of infection with sc in pigs, little is known about the genes involved in the infection. by measuring activation, as represented by nuclear factor-+¦b activity, after stimulation by the pathogen, we showed the involvement of toll-like receptor (tlr) 5 and the tlr2-tlr1 heterodimer in the re ... | 2011 | 21388684 |
| the challenge of relating gene expression to the virulence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the first decade of transcriptomic studies of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium focused upon gene expression in vitro, and during the infection of mammalian cells. the published regulons and stimulons show that the three type three secretion systems of s. typhimurium respond to a diverse range of environmental conditions, and are controlled by a hierarchy of regulatory proteins. the integration of in vitro generated transcriptomic data with global gene expression of s. typhimurium during i ... | 2011 | 21388802 |
| microarray analysis of virulence gene profiles in salmonella serovars from food/food animal environment. | rapid, accurate and inexpensive analysis of the disease-causing potential of foodborne pathogens is an important consideration in food safety and biodefense, particularly in developing countries. the objective of this study is to demonstrate the use of a robust and inexpensive microarray platform to assay the virulence gene profiles in salmonella from food and/or the food animal environment, and then use arraytrackôäó for data analysis. | 2011 | 21389588 |
| a candidate approach implicates the secreted salmonella effector protein spvb in p-body disassembly. | p-bodies are dynamic aggregates of rna and proteins involved in several post-transcriptional regulation processes. p-bodies have been shown to play important roles in regulating viral infection, whereas their interplay with bacterial pathogens, specifically intracellular bacteria that extensively manipulate host cell pathways, remains unknown. here, we report that salmonella infection induces p-body disassembly in a cell type-specific manner, and independently of previously characterized pathway ... | 2011 | 21390246 |
| high prevalence of extended-spectrum beta lactamases among salmonella enterica typhimurium isolates from pediatric patients with diarrhea in china. | we investigated the extended-spectrum beta lactamases among 62 salmonella enterica typhimurium isolates recovered from children with diarrhea in a chinese pediatric hospital. a large proportion of s. enterica typhimurium isolates were resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents, including ampicillin (90.3%), tetracycline (80.6%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (74.2%), chloramphenicol (66.1%), cefotaxime (27.4%). forty-nine (79.0%) of s. enterica typhimurium isolates were positive for bla(tem-1b) ... | 2011 | 21390297 |
| sequence diversity in the lasso peptide framework: discovery of functional microcin j25 variants with multiple amino acid substitutions. | microcin j25 (mccj25) is a ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptide that has an unusual threaded lasso structure in which the c-terminal "tail" of the peptide is fed through a macrocyclic "ring" formed by the n-terminal residues. production of mccj25 in escherichia coli is dependent upon a four-gene cluster encoding the structural gene mcja, two maturation enzymes mcjb and mcjc, and an immunity factor, mcjd, in the form of an mccj25 export pump. here we have developed a system for orthogona ... | 2011 | 21391585 |
| new water resistant biomaterial biocide film based on guar gum. | this work was aimed to develop water resistant biocide film from renewable resources for applications in food and water technology. guar gum, a polymeric galactomannan, was intrinsically modified to a new guar gum benzamide. benzoylation was carried out by benzoyl chloride reaction in water medium and a propyl amine spacer was used to impart a high degree of hydrophobicity. the new guar gum benzamide was resistant to water and soluble in non aqueous solvent like dimethyl sulfoxide. cast films of ... | 2011 | 21392974 |
| international collaborative study on the occurrence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in salmonella enterica and escherichia coli isolated from animals, humans, food and the environment in 13 european countries. | this study was initiated to collect retrospective information on the occurrence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) in salmonella enterica and escherichia coli isolates in europe and to identify the responsible genes. | 2011 | 21393198 |
| extended-spectrum beta-lactamase blactx-m-1 gene carried on an inci1 plasmid in multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 in cattle in france. | | 2011 | 21393226 |
| identifying antimicrobial resistance genes of human clinical relevance within salmonella isolated from food animals in great britain. | to investigate the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance genes of human clinical relevance in salmonella isolated from livestock in great britain. | 2011 | 21393227 |
| characterization of the mica gene encoding a small regulatory ¤âe-dependent rna in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the role of mica (repressing small regulatory non-coding rnas of two salmonella porins) was determined in virulence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. transcriptional analysis revealed that the expression of the mica gene is driven by a single ¤â(e)-dependent promoter, micap. its activity increased towards stationary phase; in exponential phase, the activity was induced by several stresses by a degs-dependent mechanism. although phenotypic analysis revealed no significant differences be ... | 2011 | 21394477 |
| trends in phage types of salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis and typhimurium isolated in slovakia from 1995 to 2009. | the phage typing of 3900 isolates of salmonella enteritidis and 1741 isolates of salmonella typhimurium has been carried out in the period 1995-2009. among salmonella enteritidis in individual years, the most prevalent phage type (pt) was 8. the most predominant pts of salmonella typhimurium were dt104 and u302. | 2011 | 21396545 |
| plasmid typing and resistance profiling of escherichia fergusonii and other enterobacteriaceae isolates from south korean farm animals. | in this study, we focused on determining the distribution and prevalence of major plasmid replicons in +¦-lactam-resistant escherichia fergusonii and enterobacteriaceae of animal and human origin. a high degree of plasmid variability and multiple plasmid replicons were observed among the isolates. the incf and inci1 replicons were the most prevalent in e. fergusonii and salmonella enterica serovar indiana isolated from swine and poultry in south korea, respectively. the presence of broad-host-ra ... | 2011 | 21398479 |
| the crispr/cas immune system is an operon regulated by leuo, h-ns, and leucine-responsive regulatory protein in salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | prokaryotes have developed multiple strategies to survive phage attack and invasive dna. recently, a novel genetic program denominated the crispr/cas system was demonstrated to have a role in these biological processes providing genetic immunity. this defense mechanism is widespread in the archaea and bacteria, suggesting an ancient origin. in the last few years, progress has been made regarding the functionality of the crispr/cas system; however, many basic aspects of the system remain unknown. ... | 2011 | 21398529 |
| characterization of the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium ydci gene, which encodes a conserved dna binding protein required for full acid stress resistance. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium possesses a stimulon of genes that are differentially regulated in response to conditions of low fluid shear force that increase bacterial virulence and alter other phenotypes. in this study, we show that a previously uncharacterized member of this stimulon, ydci or stm1625, encodes a highly conserved dna binding protein with related homologs present in a range of gram-negative bacterial genera. gene expression analysis shows that ydci is expressed in diff ... | 2011 | 21398541 |
| at home with hostility: how do pathogenic bacteria evade mammalian immune surveillance to establish persistent infection? | bacterial persistence is of major concern as persistent bacterial infections involving bacteria such as helicobacter pylori, salmonella enterica serotype typhi, and mycobacterium tuberculosis pose significant public health problems worldwide. this report discusses the recent advances in understanding the strategies used by bacteria during persistent infection that allow them to colonize specific sites in the host and evade immune surveillance. | 2011 | 21399762 |
| in vivo regulation of the vi antigen in salmonella and induction of immune responses with an in vivo-inducible promoter. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi, the agent of typhoid fever in humans, expresses the surface vi polysaccharide antigen that contributes to virulence. however, vi expression can also be detrimental to some key steps of s. typhi infectivity, for example, invasion, and vi is the target of protective immune responses. we used a strain of s. typhimurium carrying the whole salmonella pathogenicity island 7 (spi-7) to monitor in vivo vi expression within phagocytic cells of mice at different times af ... | 2011 | 21402763 |
| evaluation of recombinant salmonella expressing the flagellar protein flic for persistence and enhanced antibody response in commercial turkeys. | salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (se) is one of the most common causes of human foodborne illness in the united states. previous research indicates that antibodies against the flic protein can provide protection against salmonella challenge in mice. to generate a vaccine that effectively protects poultry against multiple salmonella serotypes, novel attenuated strains of se were developed to express a flic peptide sequence on the outer membrane protein lamb in association with an m2e (mark ... | 2011 | 21406359 |
| transcriptional profiling of cecal gene expression in probiotic- and salmonella-challenged neonatal chicks. | probiotics are currently used to improve health and reduce enteric pathogens in poultry. however, the mechanisms by which they reduce or prevent disease are not known. salmonella are intracellular pathogens that cause acute gastroenteritis in humans, and infections by nontyphoid species of salmonella also can result in diarrhea, dehydration, and depression in poultry. frequently, however, no clinical signs of infection are apparent in poultry flocks. in this study, day-of-hatch chicks were chall ... | 2011 | 21406379 |
| a comparative study on the effectiveness of chlorine dioxide gas, ozone gas and e-beam irradiation treatments for inactivation of pathogens inoculated onto tomato, cantaloupe and lettuce seeds. | the increase in reported food-borne outbreaks linked with consumption of raw fruits and vegetables has motivated new research focusing on prevention of pre-harvest produce contamination. this study evaluates and compares the effectiveness of three non-thermal technologies, chlorine dioxide gas, ozone gas and e-beam irradiation, for inactivation of salmonella enterica and escherichia coli o157:h7 on pre-inoculated tomato, lettuce and cantaloupe seeds, and also their corresponding effect on seeds ... | 2011 | 21411164 |
| a novel real-time polymerase chain reaction for identification of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica. | salmonella enterica subspecies enterica (subspecies i) causes the majority of infections in humans and homeothermic animals. we present a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay targeting the hila gene that demonstrates 97.9% specificity and 99.9% sensitivity for rapid and reliable identification of subspecies i, offering savings in time and labor over traditional methods. | 2011 | 21411262 |
| the vi conjugate typhoid vaccine is safe, elicits protective levels of igg anti-vi, and is compatible with routine infant vaccines. | typhoid fever remains a serious problem in developing countries. current vaccines are licensed for individuals who are 5 years old or older. a conjugate of the capsular polysaccharide (cp) of salmonella enterica serovar typhi (vi) bound to recombinant exoprotein a of pseudomonas aeruginosa (vi-repa) enhanced vi immunogenicity and protected 2- to 5-year-olds in vietnam. in this study, vi-repa was evaluated for use in infants. a total of 301 full-term vietnamese infants received expanded program o ... | 2011 | 21411598 |
| sensitive quantification of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica , and campylobacter jejuni by combining stopped polymerase chain reaction with chemiluminescence flow-through dna microarray analysis. | rapid analysis of pathogenic bacteria is essential for food and water control to preserve the public health. therefore, we report on a chemiluminescence (cl) flow-through dna microarray assay for the rapid and sensitive quantification of the pathogenic bacteria escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica , and campylobacter jejuni in water. using the stopped polymerase chain reaction (pcr) strategy, the amount of amplified target dna was strongly dependent on the applied cell concentration. th ... | 2011 | 21417213 |
| antibacterial activity of the enniatin b, produced by fusarium tricinctum in liquid culture, and cytotoxic effects on caco-2 cells. | the enniatins (ens) are bioactive compounds of hexadepsipeptidic structure produced by several strains of fusarium sp. the en b was purified from extracts of fusarium tricinctum growth on liquid culture of potato dextrose broth (pdb), using a semipreparative liquid chromatography (lc) followed by an analytical lc. the purity and the structure of the isolated compound were confirmed by the determination of the extinction coefficient and with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (esi-ms) stud ... | 2011 | 21417626 |
| analysis of the arca regulon in anaerobically grown salmonella enterica sv. typhimurium. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is a gram-negative pathogen that must successfully adapt to the broad fluctuations in the concentration of dissolved dioxygen encountered in the host. in escherichia coli, arca (aerobic respiratory control) helps the cells to sense and respond to the presence of dioxygen. the global role of arca in e. coli is well characterized; however, little is known about its role in anaerobically grown s. typhimurium. | 2011 | 21418628 |
| development of a libs assay for the detection of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium from food. | laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (libs) is used for the identification of the presence of hazardous bacteria in food. in this study, our main focus was centered on the identification of s. enterica serovar typhimurium, a gram-negative foodborne pathogen, in various liquids such as milk, chicken broth, and brain heart infusion due to the infection being most prevalent in raw meat and dairy products. a nd:yag laser of operating wavelength 266 nm was used to obtain the spectra from the artifici ... | 2011 | 21424774 |
| [investigation of potential risk factors for salmonella enterica subsp enterica serotype napoli: a nested case-control study in lombardia region]. | enter-net surveillance system has detected the re-emergence of salmonella enterica subsp enterica serotype napoli (s. napoli) since 2002. preliminary data show that food vehicle could not be the only one implicated in the transmission of this serotype. a nested case-control study has been conducted using data form a prospective cohort: for each salmonellosis notification in lombardia from may 2004 to december 2005 an ad hoc epidemiological investigation has been performed. cases have been define ... | 2010 | 21425643 |
| salmonella in chicken meat, eggs and humans; adelaide, south australia, 2008. | varieties of salmonella enterica are the second most commonly notified causes of gastroenteritis in australia. outbreaks of salmonella infection are commonly linked to food, particularly foods containing chicken meat and eggs. a number of european countries have introduced interventions based on salmonella surveillance systems in the food industry and these have led to subsequent decreases in notification rates in humans. a descriptive case-series of human salmonella infections notified in metro ... | 2011 | 21429610 |
| treatment with ca(oh)2 for inactivation of salmonella typhimurium and enterococcus faecalis in soil contaminated with infected horse manure. | to investigate the inactivation of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and the faecal indicator enterococcus faecalis in horse manure:soil mixtures by application of hydrated lime (ca(oh)(2)). | 2011 | 21435122 |
| diversity and antimicrobial activity of pseudovibrio spp. from irish marine sponges. | to evaluate the diversity and antimicrobial activity present among pseudovibrio spp. isolated from marine sponges. | 2011 | 21435124 |
| o-antigen structure and gene clusters of escherichia coli o51 and salmonellaenterica o57; another instance of identical o-antigens in the two species. | the o-polysaccharides were released by mild acid hydrolysis from the lipopolysaccharides of escherichia coli o51 and salmonella enterica o57 and found to possess the same structure, which was established by sugar analysis and 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopy: [formula in text]. the o-antigen gene clusters of e. coli o51 and s. enterica o57 were sequenced and found to contain the same genes with a high-level similarity. all genes expected for the synthesis of the o-antigen were identified based on thei ... | 2011 | 21439556 |
| effect of microbial loading on the efficiency of cold atmospheric gas plasma inactivation of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | in recent years the application of cold atmospheric gas plasma (cap) aimed at the removal of microbial contamination from fresh and minimally processed food has received increased attention. for cap to be successfully adopted by the food production industry, factors which affect its potential for microbial inactivation must be evaluated. in this study, we examined the effects of initial microbial concentration, present on filter discs, on the inactivation of salmonella enterica serovar typhimuri ... | 2011 | 21439667 |
| salmonella in raccoons (procyon lotor) in southern ontario, canada. | numerous serotypes of salmonella have been detected in a variety of wild animals, including raccoons (procyon lotor). raccoons are common, mid-size omnivores that live in close association with people in urban and rural areas in ontario. although raccoons are known to shed salmonella, little is known about their potential long-term role in maintaining salmonella infections. we sampled feces from raccoons in three areas of ontario: one primarily urban site around niagara, one primarily rural site ... | 2011 | 21441187 |
| synergistic suppression of prostatic cancer cells by coexpression of both murine double minute 2 small interfering rna and wild-type p53 gene in vitro and in vivo. | our objective was to evaluate cell growth and death effects by inhibiting murine double minute 2 (mdm2) expression in human prostate cancer cells overexpressing the wild-type (wt) p53 gene. prostate pc-3 tumor cells were transfected with a plasmid containing either mdm2 small interfering (si-mdm2) or the wt p53 gene (pp53) alone, or both (pmp53), using lipofectamine in vitro and attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhi vaccine strain ty21a (salmonella typhi ty21a) in vivo. cell growth, apopt ... | 2011 | 21444629 |
| evaluation of a newly developed elisa against widal, tubex-tf and typhidot for typhoid fever surveillance. | typhoid fever is endemic in many parts of the world and represents a major cause of acute febrile illness (afi). rapid and accurate laboratory methods for diagnosis of this disease are needed for both patient care and surveillance situations. | 2011 | 21444985 |
| re-emergence of susceptibility to conventionally used drugs among strains of salmonella typhi in central west india. | typhoid fever (enteric fever) is a global health problem causing high morbidity and mortality, especially in endemic areas such as india. the problem is exacerbated as the causative agent, salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi), rapidly develops resistance to drugs used in treatment. however, non-responsiveness of s. typhi to quinolones has been reported simultaneously with the re-emergence of susceptibility to chloramphenicol. the present study investigates the re-emer ... | 2011 | 21444993 |
| salmonella phage st64b encodes a member of the ssek/nleb effector family. | salmonella enterica is a species of bacteria that is a major cause of enteritis across the globe, while certain serovars cause typhoid, a more serious disease associated with a significant mortality rate. type iii secreted effectors are major contributors to the pathogenesis of salmonella infections. genes encoding effectors are acquired via horizontal gene transfer, and a subset are encoded within active phage lysogens. because the acquisition of effectors is in flux, the complement of effector ... | 2011 | 21445262 |
| a study of bactericidal effect and optimization of pathogenic bacteria using tio2 photocatalyst. | the photocatalytic degradation of salmonella choleraesuis subsp. and vibrio parahaemolyticus in water by tio2 catalysts was investigated in a batch reactor. after 30 min of irradiation with uv light in the presence of 1 mg/ml of tio2, death ratio of s. choleraesuis subsp. and v. parahaemolyticus was 60% and 83%, respectively. and complete killing of the cells was achieved after 3 h of illumination in the presence of tio2. we established the response surface methodology to investigate the effect ... | 2011 | 21456234 |
| analysis of antimicrobial resistance genes detected in multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolated from food animals. | multidrug-resistant (mdr) salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is the most prevalent penta-resistant serovar isolated from animals by the u.s. national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system. penta-resistant isolates are often resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline. to investigate mdr in salmonella typhimurium (including variant 5-), one isolate each from cattle, poultry, and swine with at least the ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomy ... | 2011 | 21457076 |
| sula-induced filamentation in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium: effects on spi-1 expression and epithelial infection. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is capable of adopting a filamentous phenotype in response to damage. how this adaptive response affects bacterial virulence is unclear. we have examined the hypothesis that filamentation affects the ability of salmonella to infect host cells. | 2011 | 21457414 |
| [invasive gastroenteritis, anything new?]. | invasive gastroenteritis is characterized by fever and inflammatory diarrhea and can be caused by nontyphoideal salmonella serotypes and shigella spp.-enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec), among other pathogens. this review describes emerging monophasic variants of salmonella enterica serotype 1,4,[5],12:i:- and provides an evolutionary consideration of shigella spp.-eiec as a single pathotype. in 1997, a monophasic variant of s. enterica serotype 1,4,[5],12:i:-, phage-type u302, multidrug res ... | 2011 | 21458713 |
| antimicrobial resistance, virulence-associated genes, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium isolated from piglets with diarrhea in korea. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium was isolated from diarrheic piglets in 2 periods, 2000-2001 (n = 25) and 2005-2006 (n = 17). to compare the characteristics of the isolates collected during the 2 periods, all isolates were tested for antimicrobial resistance, the presence of virulence genes, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns. all 42 isolates were resistant to at least 1 of the 20 antimicrobials tested, and 39 (93%) were resistant to 2 or more antimicrobi ... | 2011 | 21461195 |
| a multiple typing approach is recommended for the laboratory-based surveillance of salmonellosis in romania. | in romania, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates are currently typed by antimicrobial resistance profiles and phage typing, as part of the national laboratory-based surveillance system of human enteric infections. the aim of the present study was to assess the added value of complementing this approach with molecular fingerprinting, namely pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeats analysis (mlva). thirty-six s. typhimurium isolates rece ... | 2010 | 21462834 |
| antimicrobial activity of plant essential oils against bacterial and fungal species involved in food poisoning and/or food decay. | the currative properties of aromatic and medicinal plants have been recognized since ancient times and, more recently, the antimicrobial activity of plant essential oils has been used in several applications, including food preservation. the purpose of this study was to create directly comparable, quantitative data on the antimicrobial activity of some plant essential oils prepared in the national institute of research-development for chemistry and petrochemistry, bucharest to be used for the fu ... | 2010 | 21462837 |
| discovery of salmonella virulence factors translocated via outer membrane vesicles to murine macrophages. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, an intracellular pathogen and leading cause of food-borne illness, encodes a plethora of virulence effectors. salmonella virulence factors are translocated into host cells and manipulate host cellular activities, providing a more hospitable environment for bacterial proliferation. in this study, we report a new set of virulence factors that is translocated into the host cytoplasm via bacterial outer membrane vesicles (omv). pagk (or pagk1), pagj, and stm2 ... | 2011 | 21464085 |
| comparison of tdca expression between escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | both escherichia coli (e. coli) and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) have a tdc operon that encodes enzymes involved in a metabolic pathway for the degradation of l-serine and l-threonine. however, s. typhimurium does not have the tdcr gene, which is a positive regulator in e. coli. in the present study, transcriptional analysis revealed that tdca expression in e. coli is higher under anaerobic than aerobic growth conditions, but the opposite is true in s. typhimurium. in ... | 2011 | 21464594 |
| monoclonal antibodies to lipopolysaccharide antigens of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dt104. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype typhimurium is one of the major causative agents of human gastroenteritis. here we raised a panel of 45 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against ser. typhimurium dt104 by immunizing mice with formalin-killed bacteria and demonstrated that all the mabs recognized the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) antigen. these mabs were specific for group o:4 salmonella with very little or no cross-reactivity with other closely related bacteria and were able to bind ... | 2011 | 21466285 |
| actin as target for modification by bacterial protein toxins. | various bacterial protein toxins and effectors target the actin cytoskeleton. at least three groups of toxins/effectors can be identified, which directly modify actin molecules. one group of toxins/effectors causes adp-ribosylation of actin at arginine-177, thereby inhibiting actin polymerization. members of this group are numerous binary actin-adp-ribosylating exotoxins (e.g. clostridium botulinum c2 toxin) as well as several bacterial adp-ribosyltransferases (e.g. salmonella enterica spvb) whi ... | 2011 | 21466657 |
| glycoprotein 2 (gp2): grabbing the fimh bacteria into m cells for mucosal immunity. | membranous (m) cells are specialized epithelial antigen-transporting cells scattered in the follicle-associated epithelium covering the gut lymphoid follicles such as peyer's patches. although the importance of m cells as a main portal for luminal antigens has long been recognized, molecular mechanisms for m-cell antigen uptake has remained largely elusive. we have recently found that glycoprotein 2 (gp2) is exclusively expressed on m cells among intestinal epithelial cells and serves as an upta ... | 2010 | 21468225 |
| invasive bacterial and fungal infections among hospitalized hiv-infected and hiv-uninfected children and infants in northern tanzania. | objective to describe the contribution of paediatric hiv and of hiv co-infections to admissions to a hospital in moshi, tanzania, using contemporary laboratory methods. methods during 1 year, we enrolled consecutively admitted patients aged ≥2 months and <13 years with current or recent fever. all patients underwent standardized clinical history taking, a physical examination and hiv antibody testing; standard aerobic blood cultures and malaria film were also done, and hospital outcome was rec ... | 2011 | 21470347 |
| revival of an old problem: an increase in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium definitive phage type 8 infections in 2010 in england and northern ireland linked to duck eggs. | summarysalmonella enterica serovar typhimurium definitive phage type (dt) 8 is uncommon in humans in the uk. in july 2010, the health protection agency reported an excess isolation rate of pan-susceptible s. typhimurium dt8 in england and northern ireland. by the end of october, this amounted to 81 laboratory-confirmed human cases for all regions of england and northern ireland in 2010, an increase of 26% and 41% on 2009 and 2008, respectively. descriptive epidemiological investigation found a s ... | 2011 | 21470442 |
| protective immunity conferred by a dna adenine methylase deficient salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium vaccine when delivered in-water to sheep challenged with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | stimulation of acquired immunity to salmonella in livestock is not feasible in neonates (which can be infected within 24h of birth) and is challenging in feedlots, which typically source animals from diverse locations and vendors. induction of innate immune mechanisms through mass vaccination of animals upon arrival to feedlots is an alternative approach. transport, environmental conditions, changes in social grouping, and further handling during feedlot assembly are significant stressors. these ... | 2011 | 21473951 |
| spread of salmonella enterica in the body during systemic infection: unravelling host and pathogen determinants. | salmonella enterica causes a range of life-threatening diseases in humans and animals worldwide. current treatments for s. enterica infections are not sufficiently effective, and there is a need to develop new vaccines and therapeutics. an understanding of how s. enterica spreads in tissues has very important implications for targeting bacteria with vaccine-induced immune responses and antimicrobial drugs. development of new control strategies would benefit from a more sophisticated evaluation o ... | 2011 | 21477411 |
| efficacy of uv light treatment for the microbiological decontamination of chicken, associated packaging, and contact surfaces. | uv light was investigated for the decontamination of raw chicken, associated packaging, and contact surfaces. the uv susceptibilities of a number of campylobacter isolates (seven campylobacter jejuni isolates and three campylobacter coli isolates), escherichia coli atcc 25922, and salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis atcc 10376 in liquid media were also investigated. from an initial level of 7 log cfu/ml, no viable campylobacter cells were detected following exposure to the most intense uv do ... | 2011 | 21477470 |
| quantifying the performance of pediococcus sp. (nrrl b-2354: enterococcus faecium) as a nonpathogenic surrogate for salmonella enteritidis pt30 during moist-air convection heating of almonds. | pediococcus sp. nrrl b-2354 was investigated as a potential nonpathogenic surrogate for salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis phage type 30 (se pt30) on the surface of almonds subjected to moist-air heating. both microorganisms were subjected to various time, temperature, and humidity regimens on almonds processed in a computer-controlled, laboratory-scale, moist-air convection oven. overall, the mean log reductions for pediococcus sp. were 0.6 log and 1.4 log lower than those for se pt30 (p < ... | 2011 | 21477474 |
| characterization of nalidixic acid-resistant and fluoroquinolone-reduced susceptible salmonella typhimurium in swine. | from 2001 to 2008, a total of 27 isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium were obtained from 930 swine. all 27 isolates were resistant to streptomycin and tetracycline. seventeen isolates were multidrug resistant to more than three antimicrobial agents. seven of these multidrug-resistant isolates were pentaresistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline, and nalidixic acid. among 27 isolates, 14 isolates (51.8 %) were nalidixic acid resistant (mic, ≥128 μg/ml) and ... | 2011 | 21477475 |
| studies on the effects of phosphine on salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in culture medium and in black pepper (piper nigrum). | the effect of phosphine on salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis inoculated in culture medium and in black pepper grains (piper nigrum), as well as on the reduction of the microbial load of the dried and moisturized product, was verified. the postfumigation effect was verified in inoculated samples with 0.92 and 0.97 water activity (a(w)) exposed to 6 g/m(3) phosphine for 72 h, dried to 0.67 a(w), and stored for 24, 48, and 72 h. no decreases were observed in salmonella enteritidis population ... | 2011 | 21477485 |
| immediate reduction of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium viability via membrane destabilization following exposure to multiple-hurdle treatments with heated, acidified organic acid salt solutions. | the antimicrobial activity of organic acids in combination with nonchemical treatments was evaluated for inactivation of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium within 1 min. it was observed that the effectiveness of the multiple-hurdle treatments was temperature (p ≤ 0.05) and ph (p ≤ 0.05) dependent and corresponded to the degree of organic acid lipophilicity (sodium acetate being least effective and sodium propionate being the most effective). this led to the hypothesis that the loss in viab ... | 2011 | 21478311 |
| stochasticity of bacterial attachment and its predictability by the extended derjaguin-landau-verwey-overbeek theory. | bacterial attachment onto materials has been suggested to be stochastic by some authors but nonstochastic and based on surface properties by others. we investigated this by attaching pairwise combinations of two salmonella enterica serovar sofia (s. sofia) strains (with different physicochemical and attachment properties) with one strain each of s. enterica serovar typhimurium, s. enterica serovar infantis, or s. enterica serovar virchow (all with similar physicochemical and attachment abilities ... | 2011 | 21478319 |
| genome sequences of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, choleraesuis, dublin, and gallinarum strains of well- defined virulence in food-producing animals. | salmonella enterica is an animal and zoonotic pathogen of worldwide importance and may be classified into serovars differing in virulence and host range. we sequenced and annotated the genomes of serovar typhimurium, choleraesuis, dublin, and gallinarum strains of defined virulence in each of three food-producing animal hosts. this provides valuable measures of intraserovar diversity and opportunities to formally link genotypes to phenotypes in target animals. | 2011 | 21478351 |
| discriminating multi-species populations in biofilms with peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization (pna fish). | our current understanding of biofilms indicates that these structures are typically composed of many different microbial species. however, the lack of reliable techniques for the discrimination of each population has meant that studies focusing on multi-species biofilms are scarce and typically generate qualitative rather than quantitative data. | 2011 | 21479268 |
| surface display of salmonella epitopes in escherichia coli and staphylococcus carnosus. | abstract: | 2011 | 21481238 |
| culling decisions of dairy farmers during a 3-year salmonella control study. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica-serotypes lead to periodically increased morbidity and mortality in cattle herds. the bacteria can also lead to serious infections in humans. consequently, denmark has started a surveillance and control programme in 2002. the programme focuses on salmonella dublin which is the most prevalent and most persistent serotype in the danish cattle population. a field study in 10 dairy herds with persistent salmonella infections was carried out over three years to gai ... | 2011 | 21481960 |
| russian tortoises (agrionemys horsfieldi) as a potential reservoir for salmonella spp. | a total of 80 russian tortoises brought in poland were examined for presence of salmonella. salmonella was detected in 15 out of all the animals tested (18.75%). of the total of 56 strains, 30 (53.57%) belonged to salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (i) and 26 to salmonella enterica subsp. salamae (ii). the predominant serotype within subspecies i was s. newport, which is one of the most serotypes causing salmonellosis in humans and warm-blooded animals. in vitro determination of the susceptibil ... | 2011 | 21486674 |
| molecular characterization of a functional type vi secretion system in salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | the type vi secretion system (t6ss) of salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) is associated with salmonella pathogenicity island 6 (spi-6). though the t6ss gene cluster is intact in s. typhi, the protein complex is believed to be non-functional due to the presence of a pseudogene form of scii (vipb homolog), a key component. we detected the scik-his(6) in the supernatant of the wild type strain of s. typhi containing the plasmid over-expressing scik (hcp homolog) with a his(6) epitope at t ... | 2011 | 21487806 |
| global monitoring of salmonella serovar distribution from the world health organization global foodborne infections network country data bank: results of quality assured laboratories from 2001 to 2007. | abstract salmonella enterica is commonly acquired from contaminated food and is an important cause of illness worldwide. interventions are needed to control salmonella; subtyping salmonella by serotyping is useful for targeting such interventions. we, therefore, analyzed the global distribution of the 15 most frequently identified serovars of salmonella isolated from humans from 2001 to 2007 in laboratories from 37 countries that participated in world health organization global foodborne infecti ... | 2011 | 21492021 |