| the optic tectum of the carp: pyramidal neurons of the sfgs. | we have studied the stratum fibrosum et griseum superficiale (sfgs) of the carp optic tectum with optic and electron microscopy. this stratum is a dense neuropil with disordered appearance, in which numerous neuronal bodies of different characteristics and variable distribution according to the tectal regions are intercalated, more abundant in the dorsomedial zones of the tectum. within these neuronal types, the most characteristic of sfgs are the large pyramidals of vertical development. such n ... | 1983 | 6672093 |
| light-evoked and antidromic activation of ganglion cells of the carp retina in a chloride free medium. | | 1983 | 6666081 |
| [phagocytosis and exocytosis of latex particles by retinal pigment epithelium of carp]. | | 1983 | 6660159 |
| gaba and glycine effects on the bipolar cells of the carp retina. | effects of gaba and glycine applied electrophoretically were examined on bipolar cells in the carp retina. when applied at the outer plexiform layer, gaba produced a small depolarization in on-center cells, but a small hyperpolarization in off-center cells. these effects were concluded to be mediated by photoreceptor cells. when applied at the inner plexiform layer, gaba produced a hyperpolarization in on-center cells but no response in off-center cells. this response was resistant to co2+ ions. ... | 1983 | 6659375 |
| information processing in the system from light to horizontal cell response of the carp retina. | in this paper, two types of experiments in the carp retina are presented. one is the analysis of responses to white-noise-modulated light at different average mean intensity levels recorded from l-type horizontal cells. for weak light, the responses fluctuated symmetrically around mean values. for brighter light, however, the distribution of amplitude of the response departed from the normal distribution. the deviation from the normal distribution was characterized in terms of symmetry rather th ... | 1983 | 6659373 |
| cell water content in carp kidney tissue slices as influenced by various osmotic agents. | determination of water content in the surviving kidney tissue of the carp (cyprinus carpio) is a convenient method for studying epithelial cell volume regulation under the influence of various osmotic agents and inhibitors. artificial media of abnormal tonicities were used both as a purely experimental tool and as an attempt to model the behaviour of the tissue under extreme (physiological or pathological) conditions. in a medium hypertonic with mannitol the inhibition of the sodium-potassium pu ... | 1983 | 6622558 |
| spermiogenesis in the rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri). an ultrastructural study. | in an ultrastructural study on the spermiogenesis of the rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri r.) four spermatogenetic stages were identified. in young round spermatids, the nuclear chromatin was first heterogeneous (euchromatin and heterochromatin). subsequently, it became more homogeneous and started to condense in the form of coarse granules and fibers and then into fibrils associated in ribbon-like elements which eventually partly fused together. during early spermiogenesis, a juxtanuclear vacuole ... | 1983 | 6616570 |
| [structure and function of the pigment epithelial cup of the carp eye]. | | 1983 | 6613764 |
| separation of cathepsin d-like proteinase and acid thiol proteinase of squid mantle muscle. | when the proteinases of the squid mantle muscle were extracted in the presence of dithiothreitol (dtt), the acid proteinase activity increased, indicating that the squid mantle muscle contains a considerable amount of the acid thiol proteinase. the crude extract hydrolyzed neither alpha-n-benzoyl-d,l-arginine-p-nitroanilide (bapa) nor azocasein, thus refuting the presence of cathepsins b and l in the mantle muscle. the cathepsin d-like proteinase and the acid thiol proteinase were separated by s ... | 1983 | 6349920 |
| effect of 17 alpha-methyltestosterone, estradiol-17 beta and synthetic lhrh on production of gonadotropic hormone in pituitaries of rainbow trout (organ culture). | pituitary glands from 6-month-old sexually immature female rainbow trout, salmo gairdneri, were kept in organ culture for 48 or 72 h. certain groups of pituitaries were cultivated for 48 h on either control medium or medium with 17 alpha-methyltestosterone (mt), or with estradiol-17 beta (e2) in concentrations of 8.5 x 10(-7) m. other groups of pituitaries were cultivated for 72 h on control medium, or for 48 h on either control medium or mt-medium or e2-medium, and subsequently for 24 h on medi ... | 1983 | 6349817 |
| primary culture of normal pituitary cells of carp (cyprinus carpio) for the study of gonadotropin release. | a method for preparing enzymatically dispersed pituitary cell cultures of carp (cyprinus carpio) is described. the cultures have been used to assay a synthetic analog of gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) and to determine the specificity of steroids able to affect gonadotropin (gth) release in vitro. time course secretion studies indicated that by 48 h incubation, in the presence of 500 pm gnrh, cumulative secretion of gonadotropin (719 ng +/- 90/2.5 x 10(5) cells) had exceeded that of contro ... | 1983 | 6337086 |
| studies on the biology and pathology of the common carp parasite myxobolus basilamellaris lom et molnár, 1983 (myxozoa: myxosporea). | | 1983 | 6234773 |
| muscle fibre composition of the eye muscles of the carp (cyprinus carpio l.) defined on the base of histochemical observations. | a histochemical study has been carried out on the eye muscles of the carp. on the base of the atp-ase and sdh activity and with regard to the localization and diameter of muscle fibres six types of muscle fibres situated in the defined zones can be distinguished. the type 1 and 2 fibres display a moderately high atp-ase activity at ph 9.4 and rather low activity after alkaline and acid preincubation. type 1 shows a high sdh activity in contrast to type 2 with a low sdh activity. the other four t ... | 1983 | 6224725 |
| pharmacology of the outer retina. | the pharmacology of the outer retina is briefly reviewed, and some recent experiments on the pharmacology of isolated horizontal cells from the carp retina are described. our results indicate that there are at least three classes of neurotransmitter receptors on carp horizontal cell. one receptor type interacts with l-glutamate, a second with dopamine, and a third with vasoactive intestinal peptide. | 1983 | 6147035 |
| seasonal variations in the activities of peroxide metabolism enzymes in erythrocytes of freshwater fish species. | superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase activities were estimated in erythrocytes of the carp, the tench and the crucian carp. the enzymes showed higher activities in spring (1982) than in autumn (1981). in both seasons the highest levels of these antioxidative defense enzymes were found in erythrocytes of the crucian carp. | 1983 | 6138208 |
| pharmacological properties of isolated fish horizontal cells. | at least three distinct receptors for neurotransmitter substances are present on carp horizontal cells. activation of two of the receptor types, by dopamine and vasoactive intestinal peptide respectively, results in the accumulation of cyclic amp within the cells. activation of the third receptor type, by l-glutamate or its analogues, causes a large, 60-80 mv depolarization of the cells. similar glutamate receptors are found on skate horizontal cells, which also possess receptors specific for ga ... | 1983 | 6136124 |
| studies on the effect of paraquat on glycogen mobilization in liver of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | 1. a herbicide, paraquat (1,1'dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridilium-dichloride) was administered to carp in 0.5-10.0 ppm concentrations, respectively, and blood sugar level, glucose-6-phosphatase and glycogen phosphorylase activities of liver were determined. 2. paraquat treatment caused an increase of blood sugar level and enhanced phosphorylase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities. 3. paraquat can induce alterations in endoplasmic reticulum that might contribute to the changes in glucose-6-phosphatase ac ... | 1983 | 6135554 |
| comparative aspects of protein digestion and amino acid absorption in fish and other animals. | 1. molar concentrations of amino acids in the content of subsequent parts of alimentary tract of rainbow trout and common carp have been calculated. 2. the ratio of free amino acid concentration in intestinal content to blood of carp most commonly was between 10 and 20 and decreased as digestion proceeded. 3. free amino acid concentration in gut content of fish appeared several times higher than that in reptiles or mammals. 4. absorption rate of amino acids in carp was most intense during the fi ... | 1983 | 6131785 |
| effects of intraocular injections of 6-hydroxydopamine on dopamine-dependent cyclic amp accumulation in intact pieces of carp retina. | dopamine-stimulated cyclic amp accumulation was measured in intact pieces of carp retina following intraocular injections of the dopaminergic neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-ohda). this treatment is known to induce a selective destruction of dopaminergic nerve terminals, and in these experiments caused a 94% reduction in retinal dopamine content. however, dopamine-dependent cyclic amp accumulation was essentially unaltered in retinas exposed to 6-ohda, indicating that the dopamine receptors link ... | 1982 | 6295556 |
| functional regeneration of the visual system in teleosts. comparative investigations after optic nerve crush and damage of the retina. | goldfish and carp are shown to be capable of functional reconstitution of the visual system, although their neural retina except of the marginal growth zone at the ora serrata was completely destroyed by injection of the na-k-atpase inhibitor ouabain. this was demonstrated by the observation of the recovery of the optokinetic nystagmus after damage of the retina. recovery of vision coincides well with the morphological reconstitution of the visual system. the regenerated axons within the optic n ... | 2016 | 7183033 |
| the mode of action of carp gonadotropin on the stimulation of androgen production by carp testis in vitro. | | 1982 | 6292039 |
| [metabolic aspects of temperature adaptation by fish]. | during 8-hour acclimation to changes in the water temperature by 10 degrees within the range of 20-30 degrees c the metabolic compensation of the temperature effects in the carp liver mitochondria is manifested at the level of thermogenesis, activity of succinate dehydrogenase and rate of oxidative phosphorylation. no temperature compensation is found for the activity of cytochromoxidase, atpase, rate of nonphosphorylating oxidation, content of atp, phosphorus and calcium in the mentioned organe ... | 2015 | 6291212 |
| inhibition of postsynaptic dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in carp retina by the putative dopamine autoreceptor agonist, 3-ppp. | | 1982 | 6290231 |
| neuronal addition and retinal expansion during growth of the crucian carp eye. | using standard paraffin technique the addition of new cells in crucian carp retinas was examined. between eye diameters 4.4 and 10.0 mm the number of ganglion cells increases from 103,000 to 205,000, inl cells from 1.5 to 3 million, comes from 250,000 to 900,000, and rods from 2 to 9 million. concomitantly retinal area increases fivefold and the cell densities decrease by 37% for the cones, 57% for the inl cells, and 58% for the ganglion cells, while the rod density remains stable. in relation t ... | 1982 | 7130456 |
| 5-hydroxytryptamine stimulates [3h]dopamine release from the fish retina. | serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-ht; 0.5 micro m and above) stimulated the release of [3h]dopamine ([3h]da) from particulate fractions of the carp (cyprinus carpio) retina. the 5-ht effect was dose- and ca2+-dependent, and was structurally specific. a similar response was not elicited by the other indoles (5,6-dihydroxytryptamine, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, 5-hydroxytryptophan, or 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid) examined. an increase in [3h]da release was elicited by addition of 5-ht agonists (5-meth ... | 1982 | 6953163 |
| temperature dependence of the deformability of carp (cyprinus carpio) red blood cells. | | 1982 | 7106253 |
| changes of genetic parameters in successive gynogenetic generations and some calculations for carp gynogenesis. | in artificial gynogenesis diploidization of the sperm activated zygote is achieved by retention of the second polar body and by this method perfectly normal and fully viable broods can easily be reared. studying this form of propagation, we determined the coefficient of inbreeding (f), the fixation index (p) and the degree of genotypic identity (i) introduced for characterizing the isogeneity of gynogenetic populations with the help of the parameters of the probability distribution of meiotic re ... | 1982 | 24270755 |
| oxygenation and deoxygenation kinetics of red cells in isolated lamellae of fish gills. | 1. the kinetics of oxygen transfer across the water-blood barrier in fish gills were studied by measuring oxygenation and deoxygenation of single red blood cells contained within isolated secondary lamellae using a microphotometric technique. 2. recordings of the overall time courses show that both oxygenation and deoxygenation are more rapid in the carp than in the eel. in both species the half-time for deoxygenation is about five times slower than for oxygenation. 3. it is shown that the resis ... | 1982 | 7108432 |
| pcbs and other xenobiotics in raw and cooked carp. | | 1982 | 6809082 |
| acetylcholine and substance p: action via distinct receptors on carp retinal ganglion cells. | substance p (sp), a neuropeptide, has been found in amacrine cells in a variety of vertebrate retinas. sp excited many of the ganglion cells we sampled in carp retina; many of these ganglion cells are directly excited by cholinergic agonists. it has been reported that sp modulates cholinergic synaptic transmission in some other neuronal systems by inhibiting or desensitizing cholinergic receptors. sp does not act in this way on the ganglion cell cholinergic receptors in isolated carp retina. pul ... | 1982 | 6176567 |
| demonstration of inositol hexaphosphate induced changes in structure at ligand binding sites in carp hemoglobin carbonyl. | | 1982 | 7103982 |
| [morphodifferentiation of the pharyngeal teeth of the carp, cyprinus carpio linne]. | | 1982 | 6957065 |
| predictability of pcbs in carp harvested in saginaw bay, lake huron. | | 1982 | 6807380 |
| fish cell culture: initiation of a line of pituitary cells from carp (cyprinus carpio) to study the release of gonadotropin in vitro. | | 1982 | 6749652 |
| calcium alters the sensitivity of intact horizontal cells to dopamine antagonists. | horizontal cells of the carp retina possess dopamine receptors linked to adenylate cyclase. isolated, intact horizontal cells respond to micromolar concentrations of dopamine, whereas nanomolar concentrations of haloperidol, (+)-butaclamol, and flupenthixol block the dopamine response. preincubation in ringer's solution containing increased levels of ca2+ (5-110 mm) decreases the sensitivity of the cells to these antagonists by 1,000-10,000 times. dopamine sensitivity of the cells is not affecte ... | 1982 | 6179080 |
| resonance raman studies of the quaternary structural change in carp deoxy hemoglobin. | | 1982 | 7084471 |
| the primary structure of carp myoglobin in the context of molecular evolution. | | 1982 | 6124014 |
| lateral spread of s-potential components in the carp retina. | | 1982 | 7067747 |
| physiological and morphological identification of two types of on-center bipolar cells in the carp retina. | two types of on-center bipolar cells, rod- and cone-dominant bipolars have been identified in the dark-adapted retina of the carp by means of intracellular recordings and lucifer-yellow dye injection. they differ physiologically and morphologically in the following respects: 1) responses of rod-dominant cells to bright lights are characterized by a transient depolarization followed by a smaller sustained depolarization, while those of cone-dominant cells are approximately rectangular; 2) the con ... | 1982 | 7076890 |
| inner plexiform circuits in the carp retina: effects of cholinergic agonists, gaba, and substance p on the ganglion cells. | th effects on ganglion cell light responses and spontaneous activity of neurotransmitter candidates, applied by nebulizer spray and iontophoresis, were studied in the isolated carp retina. ach, gaba, and substance p had strong effects on the ganglion cells; dopamine and the amino acids aspartate, glutamate, and glycine and only weak effects. ach and substance p exerted their actions even when synaptic transmission was blocked by cobalt chloride, suggesting postsynaptic receptors for those agents ... | 1982 | 6174185 |
| interaction of the putative dopamine autoreceptor agonists, 3-ppp and tl-99, with the dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase of carp retina. | the putative dopamine autoreceptor agonists, 3-ppp and tl-99 were examined for their ability to stimulate postsynaptic dopamine receptors associated with adenylate cyclase (d1-receptors) in the carp retina. in intact pieces of retina, 3-ppp had no significant effect on cyclic amp production at concentrations up to 100 microm, whereas the aminotetralin, tl-99, caused a concentration-dependent increase in cyclic amp levels with an approximate ec50 of 3.6 microm. dopamine and adtn had ec50 values o ... | 1982 | 6277674 |
| toxic effects of chromic sulphate on the common carp, cyprinus carpio. | the effects of chromic sulphate, which is commonly used in the tanning of leather, on the common carp, cyprinus carpio and the bighead, aristichthys nobilis, were studied. c. carpio was found to be more susceptible than a. nobilis to chromic sulphate at the lowest concentration tested (100 mg/l) whereas results obtained at other concentration were similar for both species. damage to the gills, liver and intestine was observed by histopathological examination. a wide range of chemicals is used in ... | 1982 | 7080089 |
| regulation of the biosynthesis of insulin in isolated brockmann bodies of the carp (cyprinus carpio). | | 1982 | 7049828 |
| levels of co2 in arterial blood of carp under carbon dioxide anesthesia. | the application of carbon dioxide anesthesia to fish has been studied in order to find a method of transport of live fish. in the continuation of this study, the levels of arterial pao2, paco2 and ph were examined in carp anesthetized with carbon dioxide. in the initial stage of the anesthesia, both pao2 and paco2 increased. in the following stage, paco2 gradually decreased. an increase or decrease in pao2 seems to depend on the levels of paco2 during anesthesia. on the other hand, ecg (electroc ... | 1982 | 6808097 |
| carp horizontal cells in culture respond selectively to l-glutamate and its agonists. | horizontal cells were enzymatically isolated from the carp retina and maintained in culture for 2-7 days. cultured horizontal cells typically had resting membrane potentials of -50 to -70 mv and input resistances of 100-150 m omega. the cells were treated with a number of neurotransmitter agents and their analogues. significant responses were evoked only by 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopamine), l-glutamate, and certain glutamate analogues. the responses to dopamine were inconsistent; most often ... | 1982 | 6278502 |
| gaba-mediated negative feedback and color opponency in carp retina. | in the isolated, perfused retina of the carp, the effects of gaba and its antagonists, picrotoxin and bicuculline, were investigated on spectral responses of horizontal cells. when the gaba-mediated feedback from horizontal cells to cones was desensitized or blocked by these chemicals, remarkable changes were observed in spectral responses, due to selective suppression of responses to long wavelengths. in particular, the depolarizing responses in the biphasic c-type (h2) cell were abolished, whi ... | 1982 | 7169700 |
| gaba-mediated negative feedback from horizontal cells to cones in carp retina. | in the isolated, perfused retina of the carp, properties of the feedback pathway from horizontal cells to cones were investigated by means of electrophysiological and neuropharmacological methods. when horizontal cells were hyperpolarized by illumination with an annulus, a depolarizing synaptic potential was produced in cones at the center of the annulus, suggesting that horizontal cells receive inputs from cones and exert a negative feedback to cones. on the other hand, a hyperpolarization (eps ... | 1982 | 7169699 |
| electrically evoked responses (e-responses) of the carp horizontal cells. | | 1982 | 7167594 |
| investigation of the toxicity of propoxur, chlorfenvinphos, bromfenvinphos and methylbromfenvinphos to the fry of the carp, cyprinus carpio, using an acute test. | | 1982 | 7166194 |
| the cells involved in the immune response of fish. iii. culture requirements of pha-stimulated carp (cyprinus carpio) lymphocytes. | the optimalization of the culture conditions for carp peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied using the thymidine uptake technique. the quantitative and/or qualitative requirements of this culture were determined with respect to the source of serum, the concentrations of 2-me, glutamine and pha, and with respect to the initial cell density. high individual variations, shown along the experiments, pointed out the existence of low and high responders to the mitogenic stimulus. these individual va ... | 1982 | 7160513 |
| comparative studies on the sensitivity of different fish species to metal pollution. | the effects of 10 ppm cuso4, zncl2 on the blood glucose level and serum ldh, got, gpt activities of three fish species (carp, silver carp, european wels) were measured. cuso4 increased the blood glucose level, ldh, got and gpt activities in the three species in the following order: silver carp greater than carp greater than european wels. zncl2 did not alter the same levels. our results showed that cuso4, and presumably several anthropogenic agents, damaged the different fish species specificall ... | 1982 | 7148260 |
| [synaptic mechanisms of spike train generation by midbrain tectum and olfactory bulb neurons in the carp]. | | 1982 | 7144979 |
| postprandial level of free amino acids in fish brain. | 1. free amino acids were examined in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) brain 3, 6, 24 and 72 hr after a meal. 2. in common carp brain glutamic acid (409.6 +/- 37.6 mg/100 g dry matter), threonine (232.8 +/- 24.6) and histidine (191.3 +/- 70.1) were the most abundant free amino acids. 3. the ratios between the brain and the whole blood concentrations (b/w) expressed as the amounts of moles per tissue water were examined. 4. glutamic acid, histidine, threonine, alanine, methionine, serine and glyci ... | 1982 | 7128116 |
| [protein and energy requirements of growing carp (cyprinus carpio l.). ii. effect of additional fat in rations of various protein and carbohydrate content on growth and body composition]. | | 1982 | 7102121 |
| synthesis of vitellogenin and its uptake by the ovary in the catfish, heteropneustes fossilis (bloch) in response to carp gonadotropin and its subunits. | | 1982 | 7060940 |
| non-immunological recognition and killing of xenogeneic cells by macrophages. iii. destruction of fish cells by murine macrophages. | non-immune non-activated murine peritoneal macrophage killed in vitro fish (cyprinus carpio) pha-induced lymphoblasts. addition of pha and wga to effector-target cell cultures did not potentiate the killing. this killing (xenolysis) was expressed by non-elicited and thioglycollate-elicited macrophages as well as by macrophages depleted of lymphocytes. it is suggested that mammalian macrophages have a xenolytic potential towards phylogenetically distant species which is analogous to the capacity ... | 1982 | 6897047 |
| intracellular distribution of fish muscle alkaline proteinase. | 1. intracellular distribution of a muscle alkaline proteinase was investigated on four kinds of fish. 2. the total activity of the muscle proteinase of carp, cyprinus carpio, was larger in both myofibrillar (mf) and microsomal (mic) fractions than the activity in mitochondrial, lysosomal, and supernatant fractions. the activity found in mf fraction seemed to due to the mic enzyme which was not separated from mf fraction. 3. the relative specific activity was mostly found in mic fraction in the s ... | 1982 | 6759016 |
| immunocytochemistry of gonadotropic cells and identification of cell types in ultrathin cryosections of the pituitary of the rainbow trout, salmo gairdneri. | the most frequently occurring cell types in the pars distalis of the pituitary gland of the rainbow trout, (i) the lactotropic, (ii) the gonadotropic, and (iii) the somatotropic cells, were identified in cryosections. their morphological characteristics were compared with those of epon-embedded material. cell location, cell form, position of the nucleus, arrangement of rough endoplasmic reticulum and sizes of secretory granules proved to be useful parameters for identification. the size distribu ... | 1982 | 6751548 |
| fine structure and function of isolated gonadotropic cells as revealed from pituitaries of immature rainbow trout, salmo gairdneri, by means of a new enzymatic dispersion technique. | a procedure has been developed for dissociating pituitary glands of juvenile rainbow trout, salmo gairdneri, producing a preparation of single dispersed pituitary cells in which morphological and functional integrity is preserved. the pituitaries are dispersed by sequential treatment with 0.1% collagenase, 0.04% ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid (edta) and 0.125% dispase. the cell yield is 0.3--0.35 x 10(6) cells per pituitary with a cell viability percentage of 95 +/- 1% and single cell percen ... | 1982 | 6291764 |
| analyses of bipolar cell responses elicited by polarization of horizontal cells. | simultaneous intracellular recordings were made from a bipolar cell and a horizontal cell in the carp retina. the properties of the bipolar cell were studied while injecting current into the horizontal cell. hyperpolarization of horizontal cells, irrespective of their type, elicited a hyperpolarizing response in on-center bipolar cells and a depolarizing response in off-center bipolar cells. analyses of the ionic mechanisms of bipolar cell responses revealed that depolarization of horizontal cel ... | 1982 | 6278053 |
| the cells involved in the immune response of fish: ii. pha-induced clonal proliferation of carp lymphocytes in soft agar culture. | lymphocytes from peripheral blood of carp proliferate in a clonal culture in soft agar, in the presence of phytohemagglutinin, generating several morphologically distinct types of colonies. cells from colonies developing on the surface of the agar (surface colonies) and cells from colonies developing within the agar (agar colonies) were studied. several differences were found between cells from the two types of colonies with respect to morphology, ultrastructure and the distribution of cytoplasm ... | 1982 | 6186537 |
| behavior of rna and protein synthesis during the acclimatization of the carp. studies with isolated hepatocytes. | 1. carp hepatocytes were isolated by dissociating the liver tissue with collagenase. the procedure yields viable cells with highly preserved ultrastructural and metabolic features. the isolated cells were able to self-aggregated and form tissue. 2. rna and protein synthesis activity was significantly higher in the carp hepatocytes from summer acclimatized fish compared to the activity present in the cold adapted animals. 3. rna synthesis assayed in carp hepatocytes suspensions obtained from summ ... | 1982 | 6179711 |
| protection by metallothionein against cadmium toxicity. | 1. the protective effect against cd toxicity of prior exposure to cd or zn solutions at low concentration was studied. 2. carp were bred in tap water (a), 1 ppm cd solution (b) and 5 ppm zn solution (c) for 14 days and then transferred into 15 ppm cd solution. the survival ratio of carp decreased in the order: (c):(b):(a). 3. binding capacity of cd to high molecular and metallothionein fractions in the cytoplasmic solutions of the hepato-pancreas was studied and the binding capacity to the metal ... | 1982 | 6128169 |
| formation of metallothionein in fish. | 1. carp were bred in cd solution, and each organ was homogenized and centrifuged at 105,000 g. the cd content of the supernatant was much more than that of the precipitate. 2. in examining the metal form in the supernatant, the induction of metallothionein (mt) was found in carp exposed to cd and zn solutions and the presence of metallothionein was found in fish captured in nagara river and breeding ponds. 3. cd content in the metallothionein fraction of hepato-pancreas increased at the early st ... | 1982 | 6128168 |
| separation and purification of (cd, cu, zn)-metallothionein in carp hepato-pancreas. | 1. cd-binding protein was isolated from the hepato-pancreas of carp administered cdcl2 (2 mg/kg). 2. this protein had a high absorption at 254 nm derived from cd-mercaptide binding, and a low absorption at 280 nm derived from the absence of aromatic amino acids; the authors recognized the presence of two types. 3. the amino acid composition of the proteins was determined. the contents of cysteine residues were 34.24% and 31.90% in mt-i and -ii respectively. tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, h ... | 1982 | 6128167 |
| the influence of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (lh-rh) on serum gonadotropin levels and oocyte maturation in female carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | | 1982 | 6128115 |
| factors influencing dieldrin and ddt residues in carp from the des moines river, iowa, 1977-80. | concentrations of dieldrin and ddt in muscle tissue and fat of carp, cyprinus carpio, from the des moines river, iowa, differed significantly with month of collection, fish age, and sampling location. pesticide levels expressed on the basis of wet weight of flesh often differed from those expressed on a fat basis. fish from reservoirs tended to have higher levels of dieldrin, but not of ddt, than did fish from riverine locations. | 1981 | 7348795 |
| oxygen transport and acid-base balance in the blood of the sheatfish, silurus glanis. | oxygen binding and buffer properties of the blood of the sheatfish, silurus glanis, were investigated in vitro at 20 and 10 degrees c. the o2 binding curves were hyperbolic with p50 = 10.1 mm hg (20 degrees c, ph = 7.5) and 4.6 (10 degrees c, ph = 7.5). there was a very large bohr effect with an average delta log p 50/delta ph of - 1.14. at 20 degrees c this value tended to be higher than at 10 degrees c. as a consequence the apparent heat of oxygenation depended on ph. the mean value of delta h ... | 1981 | 6798660 |
| isolated horizontal cells from carp retina demonstrate dopamine-dependent accumulation of cyclic amp. | horizontal cells of the carp retina were separated from other retinal cell types by using enzymatic dissociation and velocity sedimentation at unit gravity. fractions containing horizontal cells were tested for their ability to accumulate cyclic amp in the presence of various putative neurotransmitters. micromolar concentrations of dopamine, when added in the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, stimulated cyclic amp accumulation in these isolated cells. the dopamine-dependent accumulation o ... | 1981 | 6278491 |
| inhibition of tyrosine aminotransferase activity during severe hypoxic stress in a fish cyprinus carpio. | | 1981 | 6120892 |
| long-lasting evoked potential and repetitive firing recorded from the carp optic tectum in cl-deficient medium in vitro. | evoked potentials of the carp optic tectum following optic tract stimulation were examined in vitro. when the standard medium was replaced by cl-deficient medium, the amplitude of the potential was augmented and the time course was prolonged. following these changes, a long-lasting negative potential appeared in the deep layers. the involvement of a reverberating circuit is discussed. | 1981 | 7306799 |
| [quantitative and species composition of yeasts in carp and trout grown in the discharges from the kiev thermoelectric power plant]. | | 2006 | 7329344 |
| separation of subunits of pike eel gonadotropin by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. | subunits of pike eel gonadotropin were dissociated in propionic acid and separated by hydrophobic interaction chromatography on phenyl-sepharose cl-4b with a high yield (79%). isolated subunits were homogeneous, as tested by sodium dodecyl sulphate disc electrophoresis and by n-terminal analysis. the biological activities of two subunits, s-i and s-ii, were 0% and 2.8% of native molecule, respectively, as assayed by stimulation of androgen production on carp testes. reassociated molecules restor ... | 1981 | 7198649 |
| afferent and efferent connections of the optic tectum in the carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | the afferent and efferent connections of the tectum opticum in the carp (cyprinus carpio l.) were studied with the hrp method. following iontophoretic peroxidase injections in several parts of the tectum anterograde transport of the enzyme revealed tectal projections to the lateral geniculate nucleus, dorsal tegmentum, pretectal nuclei, nucleus rotundus, torus longitudinalis, torus semicircularis, nucleus isthmi, contralateral tectum and to the mesencephalic and bulbar reticular formations. tect ... | 1981 | 6168333 |
| organochlorine insecticide concentrations in fish of the des moines river, iowa, 1977-78. | organochlorine insecticides were measured in fish of the des moines river, iowa, in 1977 and 1978 to determine whether concentrations exceeded allowable levels and to compare differences among species. significant differences in mean concentrations of dieldrin, sigma ddt, and heptachlor epoxide in whole-body samples of seven species of fish, dorosoma cepedianum, carpiodes carpio, cyprinus carpio, ictalurus punctatus, pomoxis annularis, micropterus salmoides, stizostedion vitreum, could not be ad ... | 1981 | 7312555 |
| indoleamine-accumulating cells and dopaminergic cells are distributed similarly in carp retina. | carp (cyprinus carpio) retinas were processed for simultaneous visualization of dopaminergic (da) and indoleamine-accumulating (id) cells in flat-mounts under fluorescence microscope. a mixture of 5 micrograms noradrenaline (na) and 5 micrograms 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-dht) was injected intravitreally into the eyes 2 h before enucleation. the spatial distribution and density were compared between na-loaded da-cells (greenish fluorescence) and 5,6-dht-loaded id-cells (yellowish). the two cla ... | 1981 | 6269027 |
| acid-base and electrolyte status in carp (cyprinus carpio) exposed to low environmental ph. | carp (cyprinus carpio) were exposed to environmental water ph (phw) step changes from 7.4 to 5.1, 5.1 to 4.0 and 4.0 to 3.5 ph, pco2, po2 and lactate in dorsal aortic blood, [na+], [k+] and [cl-] in dorsal aortic plasma, base loss, and ammonia excretion were determined as a function of time after each phw step change. at phw 5.1 the measured blood acid-base and electrolyte parameters remained essentially unchanged; the base loss, however, was increased by a factor of 2. when phw was lowered to 4 ... | 1981 | 6793684 |
| freeze denaturation of carp myosin and its prevention by sodium glutamate. | | 1981 | 6458454 |
| taste responses in the superior secondary gustatory nucleus of the carp, cyprinus carpio l. | single unit discharges in the superior secondary gustatory nucleus of the carp, cyprinus carpio l., were studied electrophysiologically in response to chemical stimulation of the external chemoreceptors of the facial skin surface. of 36 gustatory neurons recorded, 80.6% were facilitated by taste stimuli and 19.4% were inhibited. the gustatory neurons were classified according to their responsiveness to the 4 basic taste substances and, except the inhibitory type, did not differ remarkably from t ... | 1981 | 7260620 |
| somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the facial, glossopharyngeal and vagal lobes of the carp. | a large number of somatostatin (srif)-containing structures was demonstrated in the vagal and glossopharyngeal lobes of the carp by means of the indirect immunofluorescent method. the present study further showed that the facial lobe is devoid of these structures. these facts indicate that srif may have an important role in relaying viscerosensory information from the vagal and glossopharyngeal nerve but not from the facial nerve. | 1981 | 6116213 |
| studies on mechanism of action of luteinizing releasing hormone (lh-rh) in ovulation of fish--intracellular distribution of lh-rh-a in pituitary gonadotrophs as revealed by electron-microscopic autoradiography. | the results of competitive bending experiment and the electron-microscopic autoradiographic studies show that the peptide hormone, lh-rh-a (a nonapeptide), could be internalized into the gonadotrophs of the pituitary gland of the mud-carp (cirrhrinus molitorella). it is demonstrated that the labeled peptide, 125i-lh-rh-a, is internalized not only into the cytoplasm, but also into the nucleus, apparently via the nuclear pores. it is, therefore, suggested that the peptide hormone might act directl ... | 1981 | 7020078 |
| mercury toxicity: biochemical and physiological alterations in nine freshwater teleosts. | nine fish species subjected to various concentrations (5, 10, 15 and 20 ppm) of mercuric nitrate for 4.5 h. the relationship between the concentrations of mercuric nitrate and the fall in renal glycogen was inverse. there was an elevation in liver and muscle glycogen at 5 ppm mercury. brain glycogen increased to less than 10 ppm and then decreased. glucose and lactate levels increased with increasing concentration of mercury, and muscle, liver, kidney and brain glycogen decreased. the effects we ... | 1981 | 7245255 |
| distillery waste toxicity: metabolic dysfunctioning in nine freshwater teleosts. | an inverse relationship was recorded between the concentrations of distillery waste (5, 10, 15, 20 ppm) and liver and muscle glycogen depletion of the fish studied. serum glucose and lactate levels rose with increased industrial effluent concentrations. changes were more marked in major carp species than in catfish or murrels. the effect of effluent addition upon water quality is recorded. | 1981 | 7245254 |
| electroencephalographic analysis of activities in the optic tectum of unrestrained carp. | electroencephalographic activity of the optic tectum in unrestrained resting carp was classified into three dominant frequency ranges of 4-7, 8-13 and 14-25 hz, peaking at 6, 10, and 17 and 22 hz, respectively, under power spectral analysis. all these activities were suppressed in the dark. the suppression was most prominent in the 8-13 hz waves, but less so in the 4-7 hz. however, while the fish was swimming actively, the 4-7 hz spectrum increased in power and no actual increase could be observ ... | 1981 | 7225222 |
| lack of uptake or degradation of adenosine in the termination of its action in the beating carp atrium. | | 1981 | 7247970 |
| carp hemoglobin. functional analysis and thermodynamics of precise oxygen equilibria according to the simple sequential model of koshland, némethy and filmer. | | 1981 | 7277494 |
| [parasites of fish in the chiascio river]. | an investigation was carried out to identify the fish parasites in the chiascio river (umbria, italy). certain physical-chemical factors and the biochemical oxygen demand of the river water were, also, studied in samples taken seasonally. the parasites found, together with the fish species they invested and the organs and apparatuses involved, are listed. the species of parasites observed are, in various degrees, diffused in the palaearctic region. some are considered to be of allochthonous orig ... | 1981 | 7259887 |
| carp scrapped. | | 1981 | 17755144 |
| proton nuclear magnetic resonance determination of the sequential ytterbium replacement of calcium in carp parvalbumin. | the substitution of the paramagnetic lanthanide ion ytterbium for the calcium ions bound to the cd and ef sites of carp parvalbumin results in a series of 1h nmr resonances which are shifted far outside the envelope of the 1h nmr spectrum of the diamagnetic form of the protein. titration of ca2+-saturated parvalbumin with ytterbium (yb3+) demonstrate that yb3+ sequentially replaces the two bound calcium ions of the protein. analysis of the 1h nmr data yields the relative affinities of the two si ... | 1981 | 7225322 |
| reduction of polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) concentrations in carp (cyprinus carpio) fillets through skin removal. | | 1981 | 6793112 |
| temperature adaptation of biological membranes. the effects of acclimation temperature on the unsaturation of the main neutral and charged phospholipids in mitochondrial membranes of the carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | the phospholipid composition, fatty acid pattern and cholesterol content are studied in mitochondria of red lateral muscle of carp acclimated to high and low environmental temperatures. the results of the experiments are: mitochondria from cold-acclimated carp contain higher proportions of ethanolamine phosphatides than mitochondria from warm-acclimated fish, the opposite is true for the choline phosphatides. thus, at constant ph, the membrane phospholipids are slightly more negatively charged a ... | 1981 | 7213701 |
| temperature adaptation of biological membranes. compensation of the molar activity of cytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondrial energy-transducing membrane during thermal acclimation of the carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | the acclimation temperature of carp does not affect the amount of cytochrome c oxidase per mg mitochondrial protein as revealed from the reduced-minus-oxidized difference spectra of red muscle mitochondria from cold- and warm-acclimated carp. there are no differences between cold- and warm-acclimated fish in the substrate binding properties of the enzyme as judged from the km values for cytochrome c at 30 degrees c (3.34 +/- 0.ee microm, acclimation temperature 10 degrees c and 3.55 +/- 0.31 mic ... | 1981 | 6260175 |
| the uptake of zinc, lead, copper and manganese by carp fed with activated sludge. | the incorporation of 10 or 40% of activated sludge improved the growth rates of common carp, cyprinus carpio, by comparison with those receiving a commercial fish feed (tubifex worms) alone. the incorporation of 70% or 85% sludge, however, yielded very poor growth rates. the visceral organs of fish receiving 70 or 85% sludge contained 2 x zinc (zn), 2.5 x copper (cu) and 1.4 x manganese (mn) of the control group. | 1981 | 7222114 |
| dopaminergic mechanisms in the teleost retina. ii. factors affecting the accumulation of cyclic amp in pieces of intact carp retina. | the ability of dopamine, dopamine agonists, other proposed retinal neurotransmitters, depolarizing agents and light to stimulate adenylate cyclase activity in pieces of intact carp retina has been examined. the evidence indicates that a dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase is the only neurotransmitter activated adenylate cyclase in the carp retina. that is, only dopamine, or agents that activate dopamine receptors, appear to stimulate cyclic amp synthesis in the retina. depolarizing agents such ... | 1981 | 6162007 |
| dopaminergic mechanisms in the teleost retina. i. dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in homogenates of carp retina; effects of agonists, antagonists, and ergots. | a specific dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase has been identified in homogenates of the teleost (carp) retina. maximal stimulation by 100 microm-dopamine resulted in a 5--10-fold increase in adenylate cyclase activity with half-maximal stimulation occurring at a concentration of 1 microm. l-noradrenaline and l-adrenaline were some 10 times less potent than dopamine whilst the alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor agonists, l-phenylephrine and dl-isoprenaline were inactive. apomorphine elicited a part ... | 1981 | 6109764 |
| carp--a nutritional food: preliminary studies on the use of carp in the american diet. | | 1981 | 11632318 |
| effects of dietary zinc levels on zinc concentrations in tissues of common carp. | common carp always has higher zinc concentration in viscera than other carps. to determine the relationship between the dietary zinc level and zinc concentration in common carp, the fish were fed diets containing 17, 294, 1,007 and 1,974 ppm zinc for 8 weeks, and the zinc concentration in each tissue was measured. it was found that the group of fish fed 17 ppm zinc had the highest growth rate. when the dietary concentration of zinc was lower than 294 ppm, the zinc concentrations in the tissues w ... | 1981 | 7452366 |
| [digestive utilization of purified cellulose in the rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri) and the common carp (cyprinus carpio)]. | a semi-purified diet containing 22 p. 100 of a wood cellulose extract without lignin but still containing 22 p. 100 of hemicelluloses was distributed for one month to rainbow trout and common carp reared at 17 and 20 degrees c, respectively. the digestibility of the main dietary constituents was determined by an indirect method using chrome oxide as an inert tracer. the feces were recovered by a continuous automatic collector which rapidly removed them from the water, minimizing alteration by le ... | 1981 | 7349525 |
| [parasitic fauna in the carp (cyprinus carpio) fry bred in ponds fed with rainfall water]. | | 1981 | 7345749 |
| [occurrence of blood flagellates belonging to genus trypanosoma gruby, 1841, in the blood of carp--cyprinus carpio l. and that of tench--tinca l]. | | 1981 | 7345748 |