| evaluation of plant availability of soil trace metals by chemical fractionation and multiple regression analysis. | soil samples with a range of chemical and physical properties were collected from 10 different rural regions of china. trace metals (ni, co, cu, and pb) in the soils were partitioned by a sequential extraction procedure into mg(no(3))(2) extractable (f1), ch(3)coona extractable (f2), nh(2)oh.hcl extractable (f3), hno(3)?h(2)o(2) extractable (f4), and residual (f5) fractions. chemical fractionation showed that f1 fraction of the metals was less than 1% and residue was the dominant form for cu and ... | 1996 | 15091423 |
| responses of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to ozone produced by either electric discharge and dry air or by uv-lamps and ambient air. | the aim of the present study was to examine if ozone produced similar effects on spring wheat growth with and without small amounts of nitrogen oxides. two methods were used to produce ozone: the first method consisted of dry pressurized air fed to an electric discharge generator generating the byproducts, n2o5 and n2o, the second method consisted of ambient air fed to uv-lamps. two spring wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum l. cvs minaret and eridano) were exposed in small open-top chambers to c ... | 1996 | 15091350 |
| photosystem ii excitation pressure and development of resistance to photoinhibition (ii. adjustment of photosynthetic capacity in winter wheat and winter rye). | winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv monopol), spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv katepwa), and winter rye (secale cereale l. cv musketeer) grown at 5[deg]c and moderate irradiance (250 [mu]mol m-2 s-1) (5/250) exhibit an increased tolerance to photoinhibition at low temperature in comparison to plants grown at 20[deg]c and 250 [mu]mol m-2 s-1 (20/250). however, 5/250 plants exhibited a higher photosystem ii (psii) excitation pressure (0.32-0.63) than 20/250 plants (0.18-0.21), measured as 1 ... | 1996 | 12226171 |
| comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the coat protein open reading frame of nine isolates of wheat streak mosaic rymovirus. | wheat streak mosaic rymovirus (wsmv) is an important pathogen of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the coat protein region of nine isolates of wsmv were cloned by rt-pcr using primers that were inclusive of nucleotides 398-1825 (1) and sequence analysis indicated four regions of variability among the isolates. | 1996 | 9035362 |
| factors affecting the establishment and maintenance of embryogenic callus and suspension cultures of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | improved suspension cell culture systems are needed to facilitate the application of recombinant dna technology for wheat germplasm enhancement. this study evaluated three wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars, and the effects of medium basal salts, 2,4-d, sucrose, and l-proline concentrations on the establishment of rapidly growing and highly embryogenic callus and suspension cultures. percent embryogenic calli was visually estimated and verified with light and scanning electron microscopy. th ... | 1995 | 24185782 |
| comparison of developmental stages of inflorescence for high frequency plant regeneration in triticum aestivum l. and t. durum desf. | whole immature inflorescences at 4 different developmental stages (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 cm in size) of different genotypes of triticum aestivum and t. durum were cultured to see the morphogenetic responses on murashige and skoog's (ms) medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) (2.5 mg/l). very young inflorescences 0.5 and 1.0cm long formed embryogenic callus from their entire surface while 1.5 and 2.0 cm long inflorescences formed embryogenic callus from the basal spikelets a ... | 1995 | 24185781 |
| in vitro development of globular zygotic wheat embryos. | we have established in vitro culture conditions for globular zygotic wheat embryos (triticum aestivum l.). their nutritional requirements have been systematically investigated. the initial sucrose concentration, as well as the sucrose concentration during the culture, a 6-benzylaminopurine supplement, the use of nitrates and ammonium as nitrogen source have a major influence on the embryo development. proline has an inhibitory effect on the germination. a double layer system with different media ... | 1995 | 24185773 |
| electro-fused isolated wheat (triticum aestivum l.) gametes develop into multicellular structures. | the electrofusion-mediated fertilization of single egg cells of wheat with isolated individually selected wheat sperm cells was successfully carried out for the first time. on average the fusion frequency was 30% but under optimal conditions it was possible to reach as much as 55%. two days after electric fusion 60% of the fusion products started to divide, 88.5% of them forming multicellular structures and in a few cases microcalluses. the culture of single unfertilized egg cells with or withou ... | 1995 | 24185771 |
| high crossability of wild barley (hordeum spontaneum c. koch) with bread wheat and the differential elimination of barley chromosomes in the hybrids. | four bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars, 'aobakomugi', 'chinese spring', 'norin 61' and 'shinchunaga', were pollinated with five barley lines/cultivars consisting of three cultivated barley (hordeum vulgare l.) lines, 'betzes', 'kinai 5' and ohl089, and two wild barley (hordeum spontaneum c. koch) lines, ouh602 and ouh324. crossability, expressed as the percentage of embryo formation, varied from 0 to 55.4% among the cross combinations. the two wild barley lines generally had a higher ... | 1995 | 24170047 |
| the expression of aluminum stress induced polypeptides in a population segregating for aluminum tolerance in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | this study examined the changes in gene expression induced by aluminum (al) stress in wheat root tips. seedlings of triticum aestivum l. cvs. katepwa (al sensitive), maringa (al tolerant), and alikat (al tolerant near isoline; 'katepwa'*3/'maringa') and a f2 population derived from 'katepwa' x 'alikat', were grown for 3 days in either 0 or 1 μg∙ml−1 al. polypeptides were labeled with 35s-methionine prior to separation by gel electrophoresis. there were a few polypeptides from who ... | 1995 | 18470241 |
| differentiation between wheat chromosomes 4b and 4d. | a linkage map based on homoeologous recombination, induced by the absence of the ph1 locus, between chromosome 4d of triticum aestivum l. (genomes aabbdd) and chromosome 4b of t. turgidum l. (genomes aabb) was compared with a linkage map of chromosome 4am of t. monococcum l. and a consensus map of chromosomes 4b and 4d of t. aestivum based on homologous recombination. the 4d/4b homoeologous map was only one-third the length of the homologous maps and all intervals were reduced relative to the 4b ... | 1995 | 18470237 |
| evaluation of sensitivity of flow cytometry in detecting aneuploidy in wheat using disomic and ditelosomic wheat-rye addition lines. | flow cytometric dna analysis was used to study changes in nuclear dna content induced by the addition of complete or telosomic rye chromosomes into the genome of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the dna content of each addition line was determined by comparison with an internal reference value and was expressed as a difference with respect to the original wheat parental line. a 1.84% difference in the dna content could be detected. nuclei were flow sorted and the presence of rye chromatin in ... | 1995 | 8608738 |
| integration of photosynthetic carbon and nitrogen metabolism in higher plants. | concomitant assimilation of c and n in illuminated leaves requires the regulated partitioning of reductant and photosynthate to sustain the demands of amino acid and carbohydrate biosynthesis. the short-term responses of photosynthesis and photosynthate partitioning to n enrichment in wheat (triticum aestivum, l.) and maize (zea mays l.) leaves were studied in order to understand the regulatory strategy employed in higher plants. transgenic tobacco plants (tobacco plumbaginifolia) over-expressin ... | 1995 | 24301574 |
| development and molecular cytogenetic analysis of wheat-haynaldia villosa 6vs/6al translocation lines specifying resistance to powdery mildew. | several triticum aestivum l.-haynaldia villosa disomic 6vs/6al translocation lines with powdery mildew resistance were developed from the hybridization between common wheat cultivar yangmai 5 and alien substitution line 6v(6a). mitotic and meiotic c-banding analysis, aneuploid analysis with double ditelosomic stocks, in situ hybridization, as well as the phenotypic assessment of powdery mildew resistance, were used to characterize these lines. the same translocated chromosome, with breakpoints n ... | 1995 | 24170007 |
| detection of genetic diversity in closely related bread wheat using microsatellite markers. | wheat microsatellites (wms) were used to estimate the extent of genetic diversity among 40 wheat cultivars and lines, including mainly european elite material. the 23 wms used were located on 15 different chromosomes, and revealed a total of 142 alleles. the number of alleles ranged from 3 to 16, with an average of 6.2 alleles per wms. the average dinucleotide repeat number ranged from 13 to 41. the correlation coefficient between the number of alleles and the average number of repeats was only ... | 1995 | 24169989 |
| comparative mapping in grasses. wheat relationships. | conventionally, the genetics of species of the family gramineae have been studied separately. comparative mapping using dna markers offers a method of combining the research efforts in each species. in this study, we developed consensus maps for members of the triticeae tribe (triticum aestivum, t. tauschii, and hordeum spp.) and compared them to rice, maize and oat. the aneuploid stocks available in wheat are invaluable for comparative mapping because almost every dna fragment can be allocated ... | 1995 | 7476878 |
| cytologically based physical maps of the group 3 chromosomes of wheat. | cytologically based physical maps for the group 3 chromosomes of wheat were constructed by mapping 25 triticum aestivum deletion lines with 29 t. tauschii and t. aestivum rflp probes. the deletion lines divide chromosomes 3a, 3b, and 3d into 31 discrete intervals, of which 18 were tagged by marker loci. the comparison of the consensus physical map with a consensus rflp linkage map of the group 3 chromosomes of wheat revealed a fairly even distribution of marker loci on the long arm, and higher r ... | 1995 | 24169916 |
| a comparison of male and female recombination frequency in wheat using rflp maps of homoeologous group 6 and 7 chromosomes. | a novel approach was used to compare male and female recombination rates in wheat. doubled haploid lines were developed from an f1 using two distinct approaches: the anther-culture technique and the hordeum bulbosum system, from which sets of lines were developed from "male" and "female" meioses, respectively. the genotype of the lines was established at rflp and isozyme markers polymorphic on chromosomes of homoeologous groups 6 and 7, and "male" and "female" linkage maps were calculated using ... | 1995 | 24169910 |
| expression of the cold-induced wheat gene wcs120 and its homologs in related species and interspecific combinations. | low-temperature response was measured at the whole plant and at the molecular level in wheat-rye amphiploids and in other interspecific combinations. cold tolerance of interspecifics whose parents diverged widely in hardiness levels resembled the less hardy higher ploidy level wheat parent. expression of the low-temperature induced wcs120 gene of wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell.) has been associated with freezing tolerance and was used here to study mrna and protein accumulation in intersp ... | 1995 | 18470225 |
| nonrandom chromosome variation and morphogenic potential in cell lines of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | a cytogenetical analysis of 18 cell lines, 9 microspore derived, 6 anther derived, and 3 immature-embryo derived, of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varying in their morphogenic potential was undertaken. chromosome variation, both structural and numerical, was detected in all lines studied. variation was present and, in some cases quite extensive, in the earliest samples taken (only 12 weeks after initiation of the suspensions). within any culture, the pattern and extent of variation changed ... | 1995 | 18470212 |
| sucrose concentration gradients along the post-phloem transport pathway in the maternal tissues of developing wheat grains. | sucrose concentrations were measured in serial frozen sections of the post-phloem transport pathway in developing wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grains. in normally importing grains, there was an approximately linear concentration gradient along the pathway, with a difference between the ends of the pathway of about 180 mm. this indicates an unusually low resistance for cell-to-cell transport, due perhaps to the large size-exclusion limit for the pathway. however, the existence of concentration gr ... | 1995 | 12228615 |
| sucrose release into the endosperm cavity of wheat grains apparently occurs by facilitated diffusion across the nucellar cell membranes. | nutrients required for the growth of the embryo and endosperm of developing wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grains are released into the endosperm cavity from the maternal tissues across the nucellar cell plasma membranes. we followed the uptake and efflux of sugars into and out of the nucellus by slicing grains longitudinally through the endosperm cavity to expose the nucellar surface to experimental solutions. sucrose uptake and efflux are passive processes. neither was sensitive to metabolic inh ... | 1995 | 12228614 |
| amelioration of ozone-induced oxidative damage in wheat plants grown under high carbon dioxide (role of antioxidant enzymes). | o3-induced changes in growth, oxidative damage to protein, and specific activities of certain antioxidant enzymes were investigated in wheat plants (triticum aestivum l. cv roblin) grown under ambient or high co2. high co2 enhanced shoot biomass of wheat plants, whereas o3 exposure decreased shoot biomass. the shoot biomass was relatively unaffected in plants grown under a combination of high co2 and o3. o3 exposure under ambient co2 decreased photosynthetic pigments, soluble proteins, and ribul ... | 1995 | 12228603 |
| multiple cdnas of wheat voltage-dependent anion channels (vdac): isolation, differential expression, mapping and evolution. | the mitochondrial outer membrane of eukaryotic cells contains voltage-dependent anion channels (vdac) also termed porins. three cdnas from wheat (triticum aestivum) were isolated and sequenced (tavdac 1-3). they share 65% similarity of their amino acid sequences, and therefore they probably represent isoforms. the deduced amino acid sequence of one of the cdnas was found to be identical to the purified vdac protein from wheat mitochondria [8]. secondary structure analysis of the deduced amino ac ... | 1995 | 7579156 |
| genetic and physical characterization of the lr1 leaf rust resistance locus in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the objective of this study was to characterize the leaf rust resistance locus lr1 in wheat. restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis was performed on the resistant line lr1/6* thatcher and the susceptible varieties thatcher and frisal, as well as on the segregating f2 populations. seventeen out of 37 rflp probes mapping to group 5 chromosomes showed polymorphism between lr1/6* thatcher and frisal, whereas 11 probes were polymorphic between the near-isogenic lines (nils) lr1/6* t ... | 1995 | 7476855 |
| comparison of wheat physical maps with barley linkage maps for group 7 chromosomes. | comparative genetic maps among the triticeae or gramineae provide the possibility for combining the genetics, mapping information and molecular-marker resources between different species. dense genetic linkage maps of wheat and barley, which have a common array of molecular markers, along with deletion-based chromosome maps of triticum aestivum l. will facilitate the construction of an integrated molecular marker-based map for the triticeae. a set of 21 cdna and genomic dna clones, which had pre ... | 1995 | 24169889 |
| characterization of deletions in common wheat induced by an aegilops cylindrica chromosome: detection of multiple chromosome rearrangements. | an aegilops cylindrica chromosome induces terminal deletions of chromosomes in wheat as identified by c-banding. we are constructing high-density physical maps of wheat chromosomes and have detected additional chromosome rearrangements. among 63 lines with chromosomal subarm deletions in group 7 chromosomes, 7 lines (11.1%) were shown to harbor additional chromosome rearrangements. two other lines were also omitted from the physical mapping because of the nature of the breakpoint calculations. t ... | 1995 | 24169888 |
| cytologically based physical maps of the group-2 chromosomes of wheat. | we have constructed cytologically based physical maps (cbpms), depicting the chromosomal distribution of rflp markers, of the group-2 chromosomes of common wheat (triticum aestivum l. em thell). twenty-one homozygous deletion lines for 2a, 2b, and 2d were used to allocate rflp loci to 19 deletion-interval regions. a consensus cbpm was colinearily aligned with a consensus genetic map of group-2 chromosomes. the comparison revealed greater frequency of recombination in the distal regions. several ... | 1995 | 24169882 |
| production of waxy (amylose-free) wheats. | the waxy (wx) protein has been identified as granule-bound starch synthase (gbss; ec 24.1.21), which is involved in amylose synthesis in plants. although common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) has three wx proteins, "partial waxy mutants" lacking one or two of the three proteins have been found. using such partial waxy mutants, tetra- and hexaploid waxy mutants with endosperms that are stained red-brown by iodine were produced. both mutants showed loss of wx protein and amylose. this is the first d ... | 1995 | 7565586 |
| the interactive effects of elevated co2 and o 3 concentration on photosynthesis in spring wheat. | this study investigated the interacting effects of carbon dioxide and ozone on photosynthetic physiology in the flag leaves of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. wembley), at three stages of development. plants were exposed throughout their development to reciprocal combinations of two carbon dioxide and two ozone treatments: [co2] at 350 or 700 μmol mol(-1), [o3] at < 5 or 60 nmol mol(-1). gas exchange analysis, coupled spectrophotometric assay for rubisco activity, and sds-page, were used ... | 1995 | 24301477 |
| physiological aspects of aluminium tolerance associated with the long arm of chromosome 2d of the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genome. | aluminum (al) uptake in roots of wheat nearisogenic lines having differing tolerances to aluminium toxicity was studied using roots and root segments immersed in a nutrient solution at a controlled ph and temperature. at low al concentrations a mechanism preventing root tips from accumulating too much al was observed in an al-tolerant isoline and a 'bh1146' euploid. this mechanism was more efficient when divalent cations of calcium or magnesium were present in the nutrient medium. al accumulatio ... | 1995 | 24169843 |
| differential solute regulation in leaf blades of various ages in salt-sensitive wheat and a salt-tolerant wheat x lophopyrum elongatum (host) a. love amphiploid. | leaf blades of different ages from a salt-tolerant wheat x lophopyrum elongatum (host) a. love (syn. agropyron elongatum host) amphiploid and its salt-sensitive wheat parent (triticum aestivum l.cv chinese spring) were compared for their ionic relations, organic solute accumulation, and sap osmotic potential ([pi]sap). the plants were grown for 18 d in nonsaline (1.25 mm na+) and salinized (200 mm nacl) nutrient solutions. the response of leaf blades to nacl salinity depended greatly on their ag ... | 1995 | 12228575 |
| structural evolution of wheat chromosomes 4a, 5a, and 7b and its impact on recombination. | the construction of comparative genetic maps of chromosomes 4a(m) and 5a(m) of triticum monococcum and chromosomes of homoeologous groups 4, 5 and 7 of t. aestivum has provided insight into the evolution of these chromosomes. the structures of chromosomes 4a, 5a and 7b of modern-day hexaploid bread wheat can be explained by a 4al/5al translocation that occurred at the diploid level and is present both in t. monococcum and t. aestivum. three further rearrangements, a 4al/7bs translocation, a peri ... | 1995 | 24169776 |
| standard karyotype of triticum searsii and its relationship with other s-genome species and common wheat. | c-banding polymorphism was analyzed in 14 accessions of triticum searsii from israel, and a generalized idiogram of the species was established. one accession was homozygous for whole arm translocations t1s(s)s·4s(s)s and t1s(s)l·4s(s)l. c-banding analysis was also used to identify 7 t. aestivum cv 'chinese spring'-t. searsii disomic chromosome addition lines, 14 ditelosomic chromosome addition lines, 21 disomic whole chromosome, and 31 ditelosomic chromosome substitution lines. the identity of ... | 1995 | 24169771 |
| the wheat abscisic acid-responsive protein kinase mrna, pkaba1, is up-regulated by dehydration, cold temperature, and osmotic stress. | the effects of dehydration, cold-temperature treatment, and osmotic and salt stress on the expression of an abscisic acid-responsive protein kinase mrna (pkaba1) were determined in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings. the pkaba1 transcript was detectable at basal levels in tissues of nonstressed plants and accumulated to higher levels in shoot, scutellar, and root tissues of stressed plants. pkaba1 transcript accumulated rapidly within 2 h following dehydration and within 24 h following other ... | 1995 | 12228537 |
| increased accumulation of carbohydrates and decreased photosynthetic gene transcript levels in wheat grown at an elevated co2 concentration in the field. | repression of photosynthetic genes by increased soluble carbohydrate concentrations may explain acclimation of photosynthesis to elevated co2 concentration. this hypothesis was examined in a field crop of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown at both ambient (approximately 360 [mu]mol mol-1) and elevated (550 [mu]mol mol-1) atmospheric co2 concentrations using free-air co2 enrichment at maricopa, arizona. the correspondence of steady-state levels of mrna transcripts (coding for the 83-kd pho ... | 1995 | 12228521 |
| chromatid and chromosome type breakage-fusion-bridge cycles in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | during the development of disomic additions of rye (secale cereale l.) chromosomes to wheat (triticum aestivum l.), two reverse tandem duplications on wheat chromosomes 3d and 4a were isolated. by virtue of their meiotic pairing, the reverse tandem duplications initiated the chromatid type of the breakage-fusion-bridge (bfb) cycle. this bfb cycle continued through pollen mitoses and in the early endosperm divisions, but no clear evidence of its presence in embryo mitoses was found. the chromosom ... | 1995 | 7672578 |
| [spelt wheat and celiac disease]. | spelt wheat (triticum spelta l.) has not been investigated for the toxicity on coeliac disease patients until now. because clinical studies are out of considerations for ethical reasons, spelt wheat and coeliac-active bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were compared by the analysis of n-terminal sequences of alpha-gliadins, which have been proposed to be responsible for the toxic effect. the gliadin fractions of the spelt wheats 'roquin' and 'schwabenkorn' and of the bread wheat 'rektor' were pr ... | 1995 | 7571865 |
| two-dimensional electrophoresis of thylakoid protein patterns in two wheat cultivars with different sensitivity to sulfur dioxide. | plants of two wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum l., cultivars mec and chiarano), differing in sensitivity towards sulfur dioxide, were fumigated with 96 nl l-1 of so2 for four months. thylakoid membranes were subjected to two-dimensional electrophoresis in order to detect possible changes in the protein patterns. we found the greatest alterations following treatment in the polypeptide profiles of the most sensitive cultivar, mec, even if some significant changes were also detected in the plants ... | 1995 | 7498180 |
| a chemical basis for differential allelopathic potential of sorghum hybrids on wheat. | the basis for differential allelopathic potentials among sorghum (sorghum bicolor l. moench) hybrids was investigated by conducting quantitative and qualitative studies of their phenolic contents. total phenolic content in sorghum plant parts varied within hybrids, among hybrids, and between growing seasons. inhibition of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) radicle growth was positively associated (r=0.66) with concentrations of total phenolics contained in plant parts. extracts from culms contributed ... | 1995 | 24234317 |
| assessment of the type and degree of restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) in diploid species of the genus triticum. | the a genome of the triticeae is carried by three diploid species and subspecies of the genus triticum: t. monococcum ssp. monococcum, t. monococcum ssp. boeoticum, and t. urartu, the a-genome donor of bread wheat. these species carry many genes of agronomic interest, including disease resistances, and may also be used for the genetic mapping of the a genome. the aim of this study was to evaluate the variability present in a sample of 25 accessions representative of this group using rflp markers ... | 1995 | 24173063 |
| biochemical and molecular diagnostics of thinopyrum bessarabicum chromosomes in triticum aestivum germ plasm. | thinopyrum bessarabicum (2n=2x=14, jj) is a self-fertile salt-tolerant grass species, and its hybridization with triticum aestivum to achieve the transfer of this attributes has been promoted. for the detection of alien introgression, development of diagnostic markers of th. bessarabicum chromosomes in the wheat background has emerged as an important aspect in our intergeneric hybridization program. six proteins/isozymes-high-molecular-weight glutenins, superoxide dismutase, grain esterase, β-am ... | 1995 | 24173049 |
| molecular mapping of wheat. homoeologous group 2. | a molecular-marker map of bread wheat having many markers in common with other grasses in the gramineae family is a prerequisite for molecular level genetic studies and breeding in this crop species. we have constructed restriction fragment length polymorphism maps of the a-, b-, and d-genome chromosomes of homoeologous group 2 of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell) using 114 f7 lines from a synthetic x bread wheat cross and clones from 11 libraries. chromosomes 2a, 2b, and 2d compr ... | 1995 | 18470185 |
| characterization of hordeum chilense chromosomes by c-banding and in situ hybridization using highly repeated dna probes. | c-banding patterns of hordeum chilense and of triticum aestivum 'chinese spring' - h. chilense disomic addition lines were analyzed and compared with in situ hybridization patterns using a biotin-labeled highly repetitive triticum tauschii dna sequence, pas1, and a wheat 18s-26s rdna probe. all seven h. chilense chromosomes pairs and the added h. chilense chromosomes present in the addition lines were identified by their characteristic c-banding pattern. chromosome morphology and banding pattern ... | 1995 | 18470181 |
| mitochondria increase three-fold and mitochondrial proteins and lipid change dramatically in postmeristematic cells in young wheat leaves grown in elevated co2. | a dramatic stimulation in mitochondrial biogenesis during the very early stages of leaf development was observed in young wheat plants (triticum aestivum cv hereward) grown in elevated co2 (650 [mu]l l-1). an almost 3-fold increase in the number of mitochondria was observed in the very young leaf cells at the base of the first leaf of a 7-d-old wheat plant. in the same cells large increases in the accumulation of a mitochondrial chaperonin protein and the mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogena ... | 1995 | 12228485 |
| inheritance and chromosomal locations of male fertility restoring gene transferred from aegilops umbellulata zhuk. to triticum aestivum l. | restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) markers were used to map male fertility restoring gene that was transferred from chromosome 6u of aegilops umbellulata zhuk. to wheat. segments of chromosome 6u bearing the gene that restore fertility to t. timopheevi zhuk. male sterile cytoplasm were identified in all four translocation lines by two probes, bcd21 and bcd342. lines 040-5, 061-1 and 061-4 are t6bl.6bs-6u translocations, while line 2114 is a t6al.6as-6u translocation. line 2114 has a ... | 1995 | 7770040 |
| meiosis and fertility of f1 hybrids between hexaploid bread wheat and decaploid tall wheatgrass (thinopyrum ponticum). | as the first step in the transfer of barely yellow dwarf virus resistance and salt tolerance from decaploid tall wheatgrass (thinopyrum ponticum) into hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.), octoploid intergeneric hybrids (2n = 8x = 56) were synthesized by crossing the tall wheatgrass cultivar 'alkar' with wheat cvs. 'fukuhokomugi' ('fuko') and 'chinese spring'. ('fuko' x 'alkar') f1 hybrids were studied in detail. the f1 hybrids were perennial and generally resembled the male wheatgrass p ... | 1995 | 24172931 |
| the developmental stage of inactivation of rye origin rrna genes in the embryo and endosperm of wheat x rye f1 hybrids. | to identify the developmental stage during which the preferential inactivation of rrna genes from the rye parent occurs in wheat x rye hybrids, nucleolar activity was evaluated in the embryo and endosperm of developing seeds of the hybrids. the hybrids were obtained from crosses of euploid and aneuploid lines of hexaploid wheat, triticum aestivum cv. chinese spring, with rye, secale cereale cv. centeio do alto. the number of nucleolar organizing regions (nors) and nucleoli present in the embryo ... | 1995 | 7780660 |
| identification of a wheat (triticum aestivum) cell line lacking a specific divalent cation requirement. | a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cell line, derived from anther culture of an f1 hybrid, has exogenous ca(2+), to that of calcium-dependent cells grown on complete medium. the calcium-independent cell line has been grown in the absence of ca(2+) for more than 1.5 years. the cell line grew at a rate similar to that on complete medium for up to 12 weeks, if supplied with any one of the divalent cations, ca(2+), mg(2+), mn(2+), zn(2+), cu(2+) or co(2+), but declined and appeared necrotic when all 6 o ... | 1995 | 24185448 |
| production and genetic characterization of near-isogenic lines in the bread-wheat cultivar alpe. | two biotypes of the bread-wheat cultivar alpe were shown to possess contrasting alleles at each of the glutenin (glu-b1, glu-d1, glu-b3 and glu-d3) and gliadin (gli-b1 and gli-d1) loci on chromosomes 1b and 1d. fourteen near-isogenic lines (nils) were produced by crossing these biotypes and used to determine the genetic control of both low-molecular-weight (lmw) glutenin subunits and gliadins by means of one-dimensional or two-dimensional electrophoresis. genes coding for the b, c and d groups o ... | 1995 | 24174023 |
| conversion of a rapd-generated pcr product, containing a novel dispersed repetitive element, into a fast and robust assay for the presence of rye chromatin in wheat. | bulk segregant analysis was used to obtain a random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) marker specific for the rye chromosome arm of the 1bl.1rs translocation, which is common in many high-yielding bread wheat varieties. the rapd-generated band was cloned and end-sequenced to allow the construction of a pair of oligonucleotide primers that pcr-amplify a dna sequence only in the presence of rye chromatin. the amplified sequence shares a low level of homology to wheat and barley, as judged by the lo ... | 1995 | 24174021 |
| genetic control for resistance to leaf rust in wheat-agropyron lines: agro 139 and agro 58. | leaf rust resistance lines of triticum aestivum carry highly effective lr genes from agropyron intermedium (host) beauv. this agro 58 and agro 139 resistance segregated independently of agropyron leaf-rust resistance genes lr-19, lr-24 and lr-9 from ae. umbellulata. monosomic analysis showed that the lr gene in agro 139 was incorporated into wheat chromosome 6d. c-banding analysis could not determine the c-banding pattern of a. intermedium in wheat -agropyron lines agro 58 and agro 139. it is as ... | 1995 | 24174018 |
| molecular identification of powdery mildew resistance genes in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | rflp markers for the wheat powdery mildew resistance genes pm1 and pm2 were tagged by means of near-isogenic lines. the probe whs178 is located 3 cm from the pm1 gene. for the powdery mildew resistance gene pm2, two markers were identified. the linkage between the pm2 resistance locus and one of these two probes was estimated to be 3 cm with a f2 population. both markers can be used to detect the presence of the corresponding resistance gene in commercial cultivars. "bulked segregant analysis" w ... | 1995 | 24174015 |
| visualization of secale cereale dna in wheat germ plasm by fluorescent in situ hybridization. | homozygous wheat/rye (1bl/1rs or 1as/ 1rl) translocation lines have significantly contributed to wheat production, and several other wheat/rye translocation lines show a potential promise against biotic and abiotic stresses. detecting the presence of rye at the chromosome level is feasible by c-banding and isozyme protocols, but the diagnostic strength of genomic in situ hybridization for eventually analyzing smaller dna introgressions has greater significance. as a first step we have applied th ... | 1995 | 24174014 |
| an approach to crop modeling with the energy cascade. | use of plants in advanced life support requires models of crop growth to analyze data, to evaluate areas for improvement, and, for design and engineering, to predict the gas exchanges of crops. we used data from experiments at utah state university and the kennedy space center for wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and examined it for time dependence of the major three components in the energy cascade: photosynthetic photon absorption, canopy quantum yield, and carbon use efficiency. from the utah sta ... | 1995 | 11538584 |
| photoreduction of zinc protopheophorbide b with nadph-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase from etiolated wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | a preparation of prolamellar bodies from wheat etioplasts was used as a source for nadph-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (pchlide reductase). the enzyme was solubilized with triton x-100 after reduction of the endogenous photoconvertible protochlorophyllide a to chlorophyllide a by saturating illumination. protochlorophylls a and b, protochlorophyllide a and zinc protopheophorbide b were added to the soluble enzyme preparation to determine if they were reduced in the dark or in the light. non ... | 1995 | 7744043 |
| genetic variation at storage protein-coding loci of common wheat (cv 'chinese spring') induced by nitrosoethylurea and by the cultivation of immature embryos in vitro. | electrophoretic patterns of seed storage proteins, the high-molecular-weight glutenins and gliadins, were studied in 468 plants of the common wheat cultivar 'chinese spring' regenerated from callus culture of immature embryos, in 115 plants grown from seeds treated with nitrosoethylurea and in 260 control plants. from 5 to 21 single grains were analysed from each plant. in these three groups, the frequency of inherited mutations causing the loss of all proteins controlled by a locus (null-mutati ... | 1995 | 24173927 |
| in vivo regulation of wheat-leaf phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase by reversible phosphorylation. | regulation of c3 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc) and its protein-serine/threonine kinase (pepc-pk) was studied in wheat (triticum aestivum) leaves that were excised from low-n-grown seedlings and subsequently illuminated and/or supplied with 40 mm kno3. the apparent phosphorylation status of pepc was assessed by its sensitivity to l-malate inhibition at suboptimal assay conditions, and the activity state of pepc-pk was determined by the in vitro 32p labeling of purified maize dephospho-pe ... | 1995 | 12228402 |
| wheat deficient in gliadins: promising tool for treatment of coeliac disease. | the toxicity of two varieties of bread wheat, one poor in alpha and beta gliadins and the other poor in alpha, beta, gamma, and omega gliadins, has been tested. the peptic-tryptic digest of these wheats was assessed using coeliac mucosa in an in vitro organ culture system. a significantly lower toxicity was found in respect of bread wheat containing all gliadin fractions. these results suggest new opportunities for the treatment of coeliac disease. | 1995 | 7698695 |
| application of two microsatellite sequences in wheat storage proteins as molecular markers. | in eukaryotes, tandem arrays of simple-sequence repeat sequences can find applications as highly variable and multi-allelic pcr-based genetic markers. in hexaploid bread wheat, a large-genome inbreeding species with low levels of rflp, di- and trinucleotide tandem repeats were found in 22 published gene sequences, two of which were converted to pcr-based markers. these were shown to be genome-specific and displayed high levels of variation. these characteristics make them especially suitable for ... | 1995 | 24173898 |
| chromosomal control of the tolerance of gradually and suddenly imposed salt stress in the lophopyrum elongatum and wheat, triticum aestivum l. genomes. | the facultatively halophytic lophopyrum elongatum, closely related wheat, triticum aestivum, and their amphiploid tolerate salt stress better if they are gradually exposed to it than if they are suddenly stressed. lophopyrum elongatum has greater tolerance of both forms of salt stress than wheat, and its genome partially confers this tolerance on their amphiploid. chromosomal control of the tolerance of both stress regimes in the l. elongatum and wheat genomes was investigated with disomic and d ... | 1995 | 24173895 |
| rflp patterns of gliadin alleles in triticum aestivum l.: implications for analysis of the organization and evolution of complex loci. | a correspondence between rflp patterns and gliadin alleles at the gli-1 and gli-2 loci was established in a set of 70 common wheat (t.aestivum l.) cultivars using γ-gliadin (k32) and α-gliadin (ptu1) specific probes. all gli-b1 and gli-d1 alleles which differed in encoded γ-gliadins showed definite rflp patterns after hybridization with the k32 probe. two groups of gli-b1 alleles, gli-b1b-like and gli-b1e-like, were identified, and these could originate from distinct genotypes of the presumptive ... | 1995 | 24173888 |
| molecular genetic identification of avena chromosomes related to the group 1 chromosomes of the triticeae. | a collection of 19 wheat (triticum aestivum) probes, detecting sequences in the seven homoeologous groups of chromosomes, were hybridized to dna from the 'kanota' series of oat monosomic lines (avena byzantina) to investigate their use for identifying groups of homoeologous oat chromosomes. three probes from homoeologous group 1 of wheat, psr161, psr162, and psr121, mapped among the set of oat chromosomes 1c, 14, and 17. one homoeologous group 6 probe, psr167, mapped to oat chromosomes 1c and 17 ... | 1995 | 18470162 |
| reciprocal substitutions analysis of embryo induction and plant regeneration from anther culture in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | reciprocal substitutions for all chromosomes between the hard red winter wheat cultivars wichita and cheyenne were used to investigate the effects of individual chromosomes, as well as their interactions with the genetic background, on androgenesis. duplicate lines for each chromosome were included to check background homogeneity. six experiments, two for each genome, were performed. in each experiment, 14 substitution lines, their 14 duplicate lines, and the two parental genotypes ('cheyenne' a ... | 1995 | 18470161 |
| molecular-genetic maps for group 1 chromosomes of triticeae species and their relation to chromosomes in rice and oat. | group 1 chromosomes of the triticeae tribe have been studied extensively because many important genes have been assigned to them. in this paper, chromosome 1 linkage maps of triticum aestivum, t. tauschii, and t. monococcum are compared with existing barley and rye maps to develop a consensus map for triticeae species and thus facilitate the mapping of agronomic genes in this tribe. the consensus map that was developed consists of 14 agronomically important genes, 17 dna markers that were derive ... | 1995 | 18470151 |
| aluminum-induced genes (induction by toxic metals, low calcium, and wounding and pattern of expression in root tips). | we have investigated the response of four al-induced genes (wali1, -3, -4, and -5) from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to other stresses. the relative transcript levels of wali1 (encoding a plant metallothionein-like protein), wali3 and wali5 (putative bowman-birk proteinase inhibitors), and wali4 (phenylalanine ammonialyase) increased in root tips of wheat after 2-d treatments with toxic levels of all other metals tested (cd, fe, zn, cu, ga, in, and la). the expression levels of wali1, -3, -4, an ... | 1995 | 12228362 |
| overexpression of mitochondrial genes in alloplasmic common wheat with a cytoplasm of wheatgrass (agropyron trichophorum) showing depressed vigor and male sterility. | an alloplasmic hybrid (nucleus-cytoplasm hybrid) of common wheat (triticum aestivum) with a cytoplasm of wheatgrass (agropyron trichophorum) shows highly depressed vigor and complete male sterility. the presence of one short-arm telocentric homeologous group 1 chromosome (telosome) of the cytoplasm donor, however, restores normal vigor and male fertility of the hybrid. to study role(s) of the telosome on vigor/fertility restoration, mitochondrial genome organization and gene expression were comp ... | 1995 | 7534497 |
| agglutinating activity of wheat gliadin peptide fractions in coeliac disease. | the k 562 (s) cell agglutinating activity of peptides obtained from in vitro digestion of bread wheat gliadins has been shown to be associated with a small fraction (coded as fraction c), that can be easily separated by affinity chromatography of the whole digest on a sepharose 6-b-mannan or sepharose 6-b-oligomers of n-acetyl-glucosamine. although the whole gliadin digests from 12 durum wheat varieties were unable to agglutinate k 562 (s) cells, all these digests were found to contain an active ... | 1995 | 7863509 |
| standard karyotype of triticum umbellulatum and the characterization of derived chromosome addition and translocation lines in common wheat. | a standard karyotype and a generalized idiogram of triticum umbellulatum (syn. aegilops umbellulata, 2n = 2x = 14) was established based on c-banding analysis of ten accessions of different geographic origin and individual t. umbellulatum chromosomes in t. aestivum - t. umbellulatum chromosome addition lines. monosomic (ma) and disomic (da) t. aestivum - t. umbellulatum chromosome addition lines (da1u = b, da2u = d, ma4u = f, da5u = c, da6u = a, da7u = e = g) and telosomic addition lines (da1us, ... | 1995 | 24173798 |
| quality and biochemical effects of a ibl/irs wheat-rye translocation in wheat. | wheat (triticum aestivum l.) breeders world-wide have used rye (secale cereale l.) as a source of genes for agronomic improvement. the 1bl/1rs wheat-rye chromosomal translocation derived from the russian cultivars 'kavkaz' and 'aurora' has been among the most common means of accessing useful rye genes. unfortunately, deleterious wheat quality effects are often associated with the presence of 1rs. the identification of genetic backgrounds capable of alleviating the deleterious effects of 1rs is c ... | 1995 | 24173790 |
| thinopyrum distichum addition lines: production, morphological and cytological characterisation of 11 disomic addition lines and stable addition-substitution line. | plants of the partial amphiploid inia 66/thinopyrum distichum (2n = 70)//inia 66 (2n = 56) were used as male parents in crosses with the monosomic series in the common wheat cultivar inia 66. the genome and homoeologous group of the monosomic used in the cross affected the distribution of chromosome number of the progeny plants in the f2 and f4. meiosis in the pollen mother cells of the b1f7 partial amphiploids was not stable, and not different from that of the b1f1 in which univalents and multi ... | 1995 | 24173781 |
| modelling stomatal responses of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. turbo) to ozone and different levels of water supply. | spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. turbo) was exposed to different levels of ozone and water supply in open-top chambers in 1991. air was charcoal filtered (cf), non-filtered (nf) and cf plus proportional addition of ambient or twice ambient ozone (cf1, cf2). seasonal means of o(3), taken over 24 h, were 2.3, 20.6, 17.3, and 34.5 nl litre(-1) for cf, nf, cf1 and cf2 treatments, respectively. a split-plot design was used to obtain two levels of water supply: one-half of the pots was irrigated ... | 1995 | 15091587 |
| effects of ozone on 14c translocation velocity and growth of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) exposed in open-top chambers. | growth and yield were reduced but (14)c translocation velocity was not affected by increasing levels of ozone in spring wheat exposed in open top chambers to the following treatments: charcoal filtered air (cf), non-filtered ambient air (nf), or nf with addition of 30 microl litre(-1) ozone, 8 h daily (nfo). destructive harvests were performed at anthesis and at maturity. parts of the flag leaf or the second leaf were exposed to (14)co(2) in small cuvettes for 5 min before, during and after anth ... | 1995 | 15091586 |
| air pollution and its impacts on wheat yield in the pakistan punjab. | a study using open-top chambers ventilated with ambient or charcoal-filtered air in the vicinity of lahore, pakistan, has demonstrated a reduction of 46.7% and 34.8% in the grain yield for two cultivars of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the 6-h daily mean o(3) concentrations were 25-45 nl litre(-1) and on the basis of experience in north america and europe, reductions in yield in the present study are substantially greater than might be predicted. the reasons for this discrepancy are discu ... | 1995 | 15091554 |
| significant changes in cell and chloroplast development in young wheat leaves (triticum aestivum cv hereward) grown in elevated co2. | cell and chloroplast development were characterized in young triticum aestivum cv hereward leaves grown at ambient (350 [mu]l l-1) or at elevated (650 [mu]l l-1) co2. in elevated co2, cell and chloroplast expansion was accelerated by 10 and 25%, respectively, in the first leaf of 7-d-old wheat plants without disruption to the leaf developmental pattern. elevated co2 did not affect the number of chloroplasts in relation to mesophyll cell size or the linear relationship between chloroplast number ... | 1995 | 12228342 |
| interactions of co2, temperature and management practices: simulations with a modified version of ceres-wheat. | a new growth subroutine was developed for ceres-wheat, a computer model of wheat (triticum aestivum) growth and development. the new subroutine simulates canopy photosynthetic response to co2 concentrations and light levels, and includes the effects of temperature on canopy light-use efficiency. its performance was compared to the original ceres-wheat v-2 10 in 30 different cases. biomass and yield predictions of the two models were well correlated (correlation coefficient r > 0.95). as an appli ... | 1995 | 11540251 |
| adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase genes in wheat: differential expression and gene mapping. | a full-length cdna clone representing the large (shrunken-2) subunit of adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase (agp; ec 2.7.7.27) has been isolated from a cdna library prepared from developing grain of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. chinese spring). the 2084-bp cdna insert contains an open reading frame of 1566 nucleotides and primer-extension analysis indicated that the 5' end is 10 nucleotides shorter than the mrna. the deduced protein contains 522 amino acids (57.8 kda) and includes a puta ... | 1995 | 7580858 |
| chromosome painting in plants: in situ hybridization with a dna probe from a specific microdissected chromosome arm of common wheat. | we report here on the successful painting of a specific plant chromosome within its own genome. isochromosomes for the long arm of chromosome 5 of the wheat b genome (5bl) were microdissected from first meiotic metaphase spreads of a monoisosomic 5bl line of the common wheat triticum aestivum cv. chinese spring. the dissected isochromosomes were amplified by degenerate oligonucleotide-primed pcr in a single tube reaction. the amplified dna was used as a complex probe mixture for fluorescent in s ... | 1994 | 7991581 |
| measuring the effect of an abiotic stress on competition. | using recently developed solution culture techniques, the effect of a non-resource abiotic stress, nickel toxicity, was tested on intraspecific nutrient competition among wheat. the choice of an appropriate statistical model was of paramount importance in interpreting these effects. we argue that a multiplicative model is more appropriate for experiments on interactions of competition and abiotic stress. by such an analysis, nickel had no relative effect on the ability of competition to reduce p ... | 1994 | 28307004 |
| transformation of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) through electroporation of protoplasts. | protoplasts isolated from embryogenic suspension cultures of wheat (triticum aestivum cv. hartog) were electroporated in the presence of plasmid pemugn and/or pemupat, which contained the reporter gene gus and selectable marker gene bar, respectively. under optimised electroporation conditions, up to 0.9% of viable protoplasts displayed gus activity two days after electroporation. to select for phosphinothricin (ppt) resistant colonies, electroporated protoplasts were incubated for six weeks in ... | 1994 | 24192893 |
| rflp markers associated with sr22 and recombination between chromosome 7a of bread wheat and the diploid species triticum boeoticum. | analysis of the bread wheat variety schomburgk, and related lines in its pedigree, identified rflp markers associated with the segment of chromosome 7a carrying the sr22 gene derived from the diploid species t. boeoticum. the distribution of the rflp markers indicated that at least 50% of 7as and 80% of 7al in schomburgk is of t. boeoticum origin. evaluation of five sets of nearisogenic lines, backcross lines in 20 different genetic backgrounds and an f2 population segregating for sr22 demonstra ... | 1994 | 24178122 |
| quantitative-genetic analysis of reciprocal crosses between a winter and a spring cultivar of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the winter wheat cultivar sakhalin (parent a) and the spring wheat cultivar khush-hal (parent b), assumed to be both nuclear-genetically and plasmotypically different, were reciprocally crossed and the f1 generation of the reciprocals backcrossed to either parent. the populations (axb)f1, (axb)f2, [(axb)f1xa]f1 and [(axb)f1xb]f1, and their reciprocals (bxa)f1, (bxa)f2, [(bxa)f1xa]f1 and [(bxa)f1xb]f1, assumed to have the plasmotypes of the parents a and b respectively, were spring sown in the sa ... | 1994 | 24178121 |
| diallel analysis to predict heterosis and combining ability for grain yield, yield components and bread-making quality in bread wheat (t. aestivum). | combining ability for grain yield, yield components, and several agronomic and qualitative traits, was studied in a seven-parent diallel cross. the 21 f1 hybrids and the seven parental cultivars were grown in replicated plot trials sown at normal seed density in three locations in the years 1992 and 1993. the effects of general combining ability (gca) were highly significant for all the traits measured with the exception of seeds per spikelet, while the specific combining ability (sca) effects w ... | 1994 | 24178113 |
| association of a dna marker with hessian fly resistance gene h9 in wheat. | the hessian fly [mayetiola destructor (say)] is a major pest of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and genetic resistance has been used effectively over the past 30 years to protect wheat against serious damage by the fly. to-date, 25 hessian fly resistance genes, designated h1 to h25, have been identified in wheat. with near-isogenic wheat lines differing for the presence of an individual hessian fly resistance gene, in conjunction with random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis and denaturing ... | 1994 | 24178111 |
| genetic mapping in the 1r.1d wheat-rye translocated chromosomes. | translocation chromosomes 1r.1d5+10−1 and 1r.1d5+10−2 were produced to improve bread-making quality in triticale and to manipulate the dosage of the glu-d1 gene in wheat. they involve transfers of segments of the long arm of chromosome 1d of bread wheat to the long arm of rye chromosome 1r. the translocated long arms of the chromosomes were mapped genetically in wheat and triticale using polymorphism for c-banding patterns, allelic variation of the glu-d1 gene, and a telocentric chro ... | 1994 | 18470135 |
| use of a gouy-chapman-stern model for membrane-surface electrical potential to interpret some features of mineral rhizotoxicity. | a consideration of mineral toxicity to roots only in terms of ion activities in the rooting medium can be misleading. a gouy-chapman-stern model, by which relative ion activities at cell-membrane surfaces may be estimated, has been applied to problems of mineral rhizotoxicity, including the toxicity of al3+, la3+, h+, na+, and seo42-, to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) roots. the gouy-chapman portion of the model is expressed in the grahame equation, which relates the charge density ([sigma]) and e ... | 1994 | 12232433 |
| the 7[prime]-methyl group of abscisic acid is critical for biological activity in wheat embryo germination. | wheat (triticum aestivum l.) embryo germination is inhibited by natural (s)-(+)-abscisic acid (aba). in this report we have determined critical structural features of the aba molecule, particularly the methyl and ketone groups of the aba ring, required for inhibitory activity. to examine the ring residues a series of new optically active aba analogs have been synthesized in which the 4[prime]-keto, 7[prime]-, 8[prime]-, or 8[prime]- and 9[prime]-carbons have been replaced with hydrogen atoms. ea ... | 1994 | 12232408 |
| [electrophoretic analysis of buckwheat flour compared with regular wheat flour]. | the composition of the alcohol soluble proteins (prolamins) obtained from buckwheat meal and common wheat flour by two procedures were analysed by electrophoresis at ph 3.1 and, after dissociation, in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate at ph 8. the profiles obtained from the prolamin fraction of buckwheat were very different, qualitatively and quantitatively, from those of the prolamin of common wheat. it is probable therefore that the adverse effects associated with the presence of wheat g ... | 1994 | 8984969 |
| reduction by fluoranthene of copper and lead accumulation in triticum aestivum l. | | 1994 | 7881214 |
| comparison of genetic and physical maps of group 7 chromosomes from triticum aestivum l. | we present a high density physical map of homoeologous group 7 chromosomes from triticum aestivum l. using a series of 54 deletion lines, 6 random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers and 91 cdna or genomic dna clones from wheat, barley and oat. so far, 51 chromosome segments have been distinguished by molecular markers, and 54 homoeoloci have been allocated among chromosomes 7a, 7b and 7d. the linear order of molecular markers along the chromosomes is almost identical in the a- b- and d-gen ... | 1994 | 7808416 |
| a partial genome assay for quantitative trait loci in wheat (triticum aestivum) using different analytical techniques. | f1 plants between two intervarietal chromosome substitution lines of european spring wheat varieties, 'sicco' ('chinese spring 5b') and 'highbury' ('chinese spring 5b'), were used to produce 114 doubled haploid lines, 45 by the hordeum bulbosum technique and 69 by anther culture. these two sets of lines were characterized for variation at a range of morphological, isozyme and rflp marker loci, and genetic maps were developed with emphasis on chromosomes 6b, 7a, 7b and 7d. a subset of lines, scor ... | 1994 | 24178019 |
| an n-band marker for gene lr18 for resistance to leaf rust in wheat. | the leaf rust resistance gene, lr18, of common wheat cultivars has been derived from triticum timopheevi and is located on chromosome arm 5bl. chromosome banding (n-banding) analyses revealed that in the wheat cultivars carrying lr18 that were examined, which had been bred in 6 different countries, chromosome arm 5bl possessed a specific terminal band not carried by their susceptible parental cultivars. it was suggested that this terminal n-band was introduced from t. timopheevi together with lr ... | 1994 | 24177942 |
| hybrids and backcross progenies between wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and apomictic australian wheatgrass [elymus rectisetus (nees in lehm.) a. löve & connor]: karyotypic and genomic analyses. | wheat (triticum aestivum l., 2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd) florets were emasculated and pollinated using two apomictic wheatgrass [elymus rectisetus (nees in lehm.) a. love & connor, 2n = 6x = 42, ssyyww] accessions, one of which produces 2n pollen. a 2n = 42 (bii) hybrid and four 2n = 63 (b iii) hybrids were obtained. the spike morphology of the b ii hybrid was intermediate to that of its parents. the pollen mother cells (pmcs) of this hybrid contained on average 38.361 and 1.62 ii, which was consisten ... | 1994 | 24177936 |
| transformation of protoplasts and intact cells from slowly growing embryogenic callus of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | a procedure for culturing protoplasts from slowly growing embryogenic calli of wheat was developed. the procedure was dependent on the ability to isolate large numbers of culturable protoplasts from slowly growing embryogenic callus. approximately 68% of the isolated protoplasts divided, and 22% formed colonies; of the latter, 67% continued to proliferate. plating efficiency was reduced when protoplasts were transformed by polythylene glycol, electroporation, and/or agrobacterium. intact cells w ... | 1994 | 24177933 |
| durum wheat haploid production using maize wide-crossing. | while anther culture or pollinations with hordeum bulbosum have provided suitable methods for haploid production in bread wheat, they have been largely unsuccessful in durum wheat. pollinations with maize were used in an attempt to produce haploid seedlings and, from these, fertile doubled haploids of durum wheats. moreover, the effect of various concentrations and combinations of a synthetic auxin, 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d), kinetin, and an ethylene inhibitor, silver nitrate (agno ... | 1994 | 24177930 |
| analysis of remote reflection spectroscopy to monitor plant health. | remote non-contact reflection spectroscopy is examined as a method for detecting stress in controlled ecological life support system celss type crops. lettuce (lactuca [correction of latuca] sativa l. cv. waldmans green) and wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. yecora rojo) were grown hydroponically. copper and zinc treatments provided toxic conditions. nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium treatments were used for deficiency conditions. water stress was also induced in test plants. reflectance spectr ... | 1994 | 11540181 |
| light and scanning electron microscopy of greenbug aphid damage in wheat using the same section. | a method has been developed to enable correlative light microscopy (lm) and scanning electron microscopy (sem) on the same section of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves infested by greenbug aphids (schizaphis graminum rondani). segments of infested leaf tissue were fixed, embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and affixed to slides by standard histological techniques. serial sections were viewed by lm as temporary mounts in xylene. sections of interest were identified and re-embedded in fingernail po ... | 1994 | 7703305 |
| hormonal and environmental responsiveness of a developmentally regulated protein repair l-isoaspartyl methyltransferase in wheat. | the l-isoaspartyl protein methyltransferase (ec 2.1.1.77) has been proposed to be involved in the repair of spontaneously damaged proteins by facilitating the conversion of abnormal l-isoaspartyl residues to normal l-aspartyl residues. based on the abundance of this enzyme in the seeds of a variety of plants and its unique substrate specificity, it has been hypothesized that it functions to prevent the accumulation of abnormal aspartyl residues in the proteins of aging seeds that can limit the v ... | 1994 | 7929264 |
| chromosomal location of genes controlling short-term and long-term somatic embryogenesis in wheat revealed by immature embryo culture of aneuploid lines. | the expression of essential genes during somatic embryogenesis can be analysed by inducing aneuploid cells to undergo embryogenesis during immature embryo culture and then determining whether defects occur. triticum aestivum disomic and aneuploid stocks, including 36 ditelosomics and 7 nullitetrasomic 'chinese spring' wheats, were compared for their ability to undergo somatic embryogenesis after 2 months of in vitro immature embryo culture. their regeneration capacity was observed after 4 and 14 ... | 1994 | 24177852 |
| sister chromatid exchanges in cultured immature embryos of wheat species and regenerants. | immature embryos of triticum aestivum (ten cultivars and lines), t. durum, t. dicoccum and t. monococcum were cultured in vitro on ms medium supplemented with 1 or 2 mg/l of 2,4-d and 20 or 30 g/l of sucrose for 3 days and processed to score sister chromatid exchanges (sces) per chromosome. media components affect dna replication from the start of the culture. the sce frequencies were dependent on the genotype and were not correlated with the degree of ploidy. they increased after doubling of th ... | 1994 | 24177843 |