| noncytotoxic clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) variants localize cpe intestinal binding and demonstrate a relationship between cpe-induced cytotoxicity and enterotoxicity. | clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) causes the symptoms of a very common food poisoning. to assess whether cpe-induced cytotoxicity is necessary for enterotoxicity, a rabbit ileal loop model was used to compare the in vivo effects of native cpe or recombinant cpe (rcpe), both of which are cytotoxic, with those of the noncytotoxic rcpe variants rcpe d48a and rcpe(168-319). both cpe and rcpe elicited significant fluid accumulation in rabbit ileal loops, along with severe mucosal damage that ... | 2008 | 18505809 |
| naturally acquired antibodies against clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin in goats. | clostridium perfringens type d-producing epsilon toxin is a common cause of death in sheep and goats worldwide. although anti-epsilon toxin serum antibodies have been detected in healthy non-vaccinated sheep, the information regarding naturally acquired antibodies in ruminants is scanty. the objective of the present report was to characterize the development of naturally acquired antibodies against c. perfringens epsilon toxin in goats. the levels of anti-epsilon toxin antibodies in blood serum ... | 2008 | 18538416 |
| berberine-dna complexation: new insights into the cooperative binding and energetic aspects. | the equilibrium binding of the cytotoxic plant alkaloid berberine to various dnas and energetics of the interaction have been studied. at low ratios of bound alkaloid to base pair, the binding exhibited cooperativity to natural dnas having almost equal proportions of at and gc sequences. in contrast, the binding was non-cooperative to dnas with predominantly high at or gc sequences. among the synthetic dnas, cooperative binding was observed with poly(da).poly(dt) and poly(dg).poly(dc) while non- ... | 2008 | 18549823 |
| molecular typing of clostridium perfringens isolated from turkey meat by multiplex pcr. | to determine the presence of toxin genes in 22 clostridium perfringens isolated from turkey meat samples by molecular typing. | 2008 | 18554263 |
| coaggregation between and among human intestinal and oral bacteria. | coaggregation is believed to facilitate the integration of new bacterial species into polymicrobial communities. the aim of this study was to investigate coaggregation between and among human oral and enteric bacteria. stationary phase cultures of 10 oral and 10 enteric species, chosen on the basis of numerical and ecological significance in their respective environments together with their ease of cultivation, were tested using a quantitative spectrophotometric coaggregation assay in all possib ... | 2008 | 18554305 |
| clindamycin-resistant clostridium perfringens cellulitis. | clostridium perfringens is responsible for a number of clinical conditions ranging from relatively mild food poisoning to the potentially life-threatening gas gangrene. fortunately, c. perfringens has remained relatively susceptible to first line antibiotics in the treatment of soft tissue infection, however, the prevalence of antibiotic resistance is increasing amongst other anaerobic organisms. a case of anaerobic cellulitis caused by a clindamycin-resistant c. perfringens is described here, e ... | 2008 | 18558488 |
| characterization of two different endo-alpha-n-acetylgalactosaminidases from probiotic and pathogenic enterobacteria, bifidobacterium longum and clostridium perfringens. | endo-alpha-n-acetylgalactosaminidase (endo-alpha-galnac-ase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the o-glycosidic bond between alpha-galnac at the reducing end of mucin-type sugar chains and serine/threonine of proteins to release oligosaccharides. previously, we identified the gene engbf encoding endo-alpha-galnac-ase from bifidobacterium longum, which specifically released the disaccharide gal beta 1-3galnac (fujita k, oura f, nagamine n, katayama t, hiratake j, sakata k, kumagai h, yamamoto k. 2005. ... | 2008 | 18559962 |
| a comparison of efficiencies of microbiological pollution removal in six sewage treatment plants with different treatment systems. | six sewage treatment plants (stp) were investigated over a 12-month period in order to measure the microbiological load of untreated municipal wastewater and to evaluate the removal efficiencies of different treatment systems. the stp investigated can be classified into three categories: bigger plants with tertiary treatment, smaller plants with enhanced secondary treatment, and very small compact facilities. the plants studied had a considerable quantitative impact on the hydrology of the catch ... | 2008 | 18565791 |
| molecular target therapies in endometrial cancer: from the basic research to the clinic. | molecular targeted therapies represent an interesting field of pharmacological research in endometrial cancer. the loss of pten (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) function, with consequent activation of the pi3k (phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase)-akt (serine/threonine-specific protein kinase)-mtor (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway, occurs in 32-83% of endometrioid-type endometrial carcinomas, thus suggesting a role for mtor inhibition in this malignancy. some ... | 2008 | 18569027 |
| clostridium perfringens infection following endometrial ablation. | | 2008 | 18569497 |
| nosocomial diarrhea caused by clostridium perfringens in the tsukuba-tsuchiura district, japan. | we examined the incidence of nosocomial diarrhea caused by clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpent) in three tertiary hospitals in the tsukuba-tsuchiura district, japan. in addition, isolated strains were genomically characterized. among 294 stool specimens submitted for c. difficile toxin a (cdtxa) assay during a period of 6 months, 6 (0.42 cases per 1000 beds monthly) and 79 (5.5) were positive for cpent and cdtxa, respectively. c. perfringens with the cpe gene was detected in 15 (5%) of th ... | 2008 | 18574660 |
| stroke as initial manifestation of a fulminant c. perfringens sepsis. | | 2008 | 18574946 |
| assessment of microbiological and parasitological quality of composted wastes: health implications and hygienic measures. | feedstock and compost samples were collected from twenty composting plants and analysed from the microbiological point of view. faecal indicator organisms were determined in order to evaluate the efficacy of processes for the removal of pathogenic micro-organisms with similar survival characteristics and to verify their suitability as appropriate markers of microbial quality of composted products. in addition to the classical bacterial indicators, selected organisms, such as salmonella, giardia, ... | 2008 | 18578158 |
| levels and toxigenicity of bacillus cereus and clostridium perfringens from retail seafood. | for the period 1990 through 2003, seafood was the most commonly identified food linked to foodborne outbreaks in the united states. fish as a commodity has rarely been examined for the presence of bacillus cereus in particular. for the present study, 347 fresh and processed retail seafood samples were examined for the presence of clostridium botulinum, clostridium perfringens, and b. cereus. the presence of c. botulinum was not confirmed in any of the isolates, but c. perfringens was confirmed i ... | 2008 | 18592743 |
| a national survey of the microbiological quality of retail raw meats in australia. | a national survey of the microbiology of meat (ground beef and diced lamb) at the retail level in australia was undertaken. for ground beef samples (n = 360), the mean aerobic plate count (apc) was 5.79 log cfu/g, and escherichia coli was detected in 17.8% of samples; the mean population for these positive samples was 1.49 log cfu/g. enterobacteriaceae were detected in 96.9% of samples (mean for positive samples, 3.01 log cfu/g), and coagulase-positive staphylococci were detected in 28.1% of sam ... | 2008 | 18592751 |
| oral immunization of broiler chickens against necrotic enteritis with an attenuated salmonella vaccine vector expressing clostridium perfringens antigens. | necrotic enteritis (ne) in broiler chickens is caused by clostridium perfringens but currently no effective vaccine is available. our previous study showed that certain c. perfringens secreted proteins when administered intramuscularly protected chickens against experimental infection. in the current study, genes encoding three c. perfringens proteins: fructose-biphosphate-aldolase (fba), pyruvate:ferredoxin-oxidoreductase (pfor) and hypothetical protein (hp), were cloned into an avirulent salmo ... | 2008 | 18597901 |
| acalculous and clostridial cholecystitis in a pig. | a 21-month-old domestic hanford pig (sus scrofa domestica) in a 1-year study for experimental myocardial infarction was euthanized at the end of the study. one week earlier, the animal had symptoms and elevated clinical chemistry results suggestive of hepatobiliary disease, which resolved after medical therapy. at necropsy, the gallbladder was markedly enlarged, discolored, and had a thickened wall. within the gallbladder, there was abundant friable green-brown material. a culture of the gallbla ... | 2008 | 18599865 |
| risk profiles of pork and poultry meat and risk ratings of various pathogen/product combinations. | risk profiles of pork and poultry meat were carried out using an excel-based software program, risk ranger. it is a semi-quantitative risk estimator answering various questions relating to the probability of exposure to a hazard, susceptibility of the population of interest, severity of the illness caused by the hazard if present and probability of food containing an infectious dose. therefore, qualitative and quantitative inputs were used to estimate and rank the risk of various hazards/food co ... | 2008 | 18602180 |
| the solution structure of the c-terminal modular pair from clostridium perfringens mu-toxin reveals a noncellulosomal dockerin module. | the genome of the opportunistic pathogen clostridium perfringens encodes a large number of secreted glycoside hydrolases. their predicted activities indicate that they are involved in the breakdown of complex carbohydrates and other glycans found in the mucosal layer of the human gastrointestinal tract, within the extracellular matrix, and on the surface of host cells. one such group of these enzymes is the family 84 glycoside hydrolases, which has predicted hyaluronidase activity and comprises ... | 2008 | 18602403 |
| clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in antibiotic-associated diarrhea. | clostridium perfringens type a is associated with 5-20% cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (aad) even though clostridium difficile is implicated in the most severe cases. fecal specimens from one hundred hospitalized patients, who developed diarrhea regardless of antibiotic intake and who were negative for c. difficile toxin assay, were investigated for c. perfringens enterotoxin (cpe). simultaneously, cultures were set up for other possible aetiological factors. ten healthy controls were a ... | 2008 | 18603680 |
| enteric bacteria isolated from acute diarrheal patients in the republic of korea between the year 2004 and 2006. | in an epidemiological survey of human enterobacterial infections in the republic of korea during three years from 2004 to 2006, we isolated 1,784 (6.2%, isolation rate of enteropathogens from stool samples) in 2004, 2,547 (9.5%) in 2005 and 3,506 bacteria (12.3%) from people who visited clinics. among the isolated bacteria, pathogenic escherichia coli, especially, eaec was the most frequently identified pathogen in both urban and rural regions followed by staphylococcus aureus, salmonella specie ... | 2008 | 18604503 |
| prevalence and characterization of enterotoxin gene-carrying clostridium perfringens isolates from retail meat products in japan. | clostridium perfringens is an important anaerobic pathogen causing food-borne gastrointestinal (gi) diseases in humans and animals. it is thought that c. perfringens food poisoning isolates typically carry the enterotoxin gene (cpe) on their chromosome, while isolates from other gi diseases, such as antibiotic-associated diarrhea, carry cpe on a transferable plasmid. however, food-borne gi disease outbreaks associated with c. perfringens isolates carrying plasmid-borne cpe (plasmid cpe isolates) ... | 2008 | 18606797 |
| listeria monocytogenes septicaemia and concurrent clostridial infection in an adult alpaca (lama pacos). | a 10-year-old alpaca with a history of anorexia, weight loss and diarrhoea was humanely destroyed and shown to have a multifocal necrotizing hepatitis, splenitis and colitis, as well as an ulcerative to diphtheroid ileitis. immunohistochemical examination revealed listeria monocytogenes antigen in the liver and ileum. in addition, l. monocytogenes and listeria sp.-specific gene fragments were detected by the polymerase chain reaction. l. monocytogenes was isolated from liver and small intestine ... | 2008 | 18619608 |
| inhibitory effects of polyphosphates on clostridium perfringens growth, sporulation and spore outgrowth. | this study evaluated the effects of various polyphosphates (spp, stpp, sapp and tspp) on growth, sporulation and spore germination of clostridium perfringens, and germination and outgrowth of c. perfrinegns spores in poultry meat. we have found that the requirements of polyp (0.8-1.0%) to inhibit c. perfringens bacterial growth were higher than those reported for other bacteria. sub-lethal concentrations of polyp significantly (p<0.01) inhibited sporulation of c. perfringens by reducing sporulat ... | 2008 | 18620972 |
| real-time pcr detection of pathogenic microorganisms in roof-harvested rainwater in southeast queensland, australia. | in this study, the microbiological quality of roof-harvested rainwater was assessed by monitoring the concentrations of escherichia coli, enterococci, clostridium perfringens, and bacteroides spp. in rainwater obtained from tanks in southeast queensland, australia. samples were also tested using real-time pcr (with sybr green i dye) for the presence of potential pathogenic microorganisms. of the 27 rainwater samples tested, 17 (63%), 21 (78%), 13 (48%), and 24 (89%) were positive for e. coli, en ... | 2008 | 18621865 |
| effects of clostridium perfringens beta-toxin on the rabbit small intestine and colon. | clostridium perfringens type b and type c isolates, which produce beta-toxin (cpb), cause fatal diseases originating in the intestines of humans or livestock. our previous studies demonstrated that cpb is necessary for type c isolate cn3685 to cause bloody necrotic enteritis in a rabbit ileal loop model and also showed that purified cpb, in the presence of trypsin inhibitor (ti), can reproduce type c pathology in rabbit ileal loops. we report here a more complete characterization of the effects ... | 2008 | 18625730 |
| gas gangrene of the liver after a choledocho-jejunostomy. | | 2008 | 18628626 |
| top-down systems biology integration of conditional prebiotic modulated transgenomic interactions in a humanized microbiome mouse model. | gut microbiome-host metabolic interactions affect human health and can be modified by probiotic and prebiotic supplementation. here, we have assessed the effects of consumption of a combination of probiotics (lactobacillus paracasei or l. rhamnosus) and two galactosyl-oligosaccharide prebiotics on the symbiotic microbiome-mammalian supersystem using integrative metabolic profiling and modeling of multiple compartments in germ-free mice inoculated with a model of human baby microbiota. we have sh ... | 2008 | 18628745 |
| high-level expression of his-tagged clostridial collagenase in clostridium perfringens. | clostridium histolyticum collagenase is used to isolate cells from various organs and tissues for tissue engineering, and also to treat destructive fibrosis; thus, the demand for high-grade enzyme preparations is increasing. in this study, we constructed a plasmid encoding c. histolyticum type ii collagenase (colh) with a c-terminal hexahistidine tag (colh-his) to facilitate the purification of the enzyme through immobilized metal affinity chromatography (imac). when colh-his was expressed in a ... | 2008 | 18629492 |
| immunization with recombinant alpha toxin partially protects broiler chicks against experimental challenge with clostridium perfringens. | necrotic enteritis (ne) in poultry has re-emerged as a concern for poultry producers, due in part to banning, by many countries, of the use of antimicrobial growth promoters in feeds. this re-emergence has led to a search for alternative methods for control of the disease, particularly vaccination. the objective of this work was to determine if vaccination of broiler chicks with recombinant alpha toxin protected against experimental challenge. broiler chicks were vaccinated subcutaneously at 5 a ... | 2009 | 18635321 |
| novel endo-alpha-n-acetylgalactosaminidases with broader substrate specificity. | in an effort to identify novel endo-alpha-n-acetylgalactosaminidases (endo-alpha-galnacases), four potential genes were cloned. three of the expressed proteins engef from enterococcus faecalis, engpa from propionibacterium acnes, and engcp from clostridium perfringens were purified and characterized. their substrate specificity was investigated and compared to the commercially available endo-alpha-galnacases from streptococcus pneumoniae (engsp) and alcaligenes sp. (engal). all enzymes were incu ... | 2008 | 18635885 |
| early administration of probiotics alters bacterial colonization and limits diet-induced gut dysfunction and severity of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm pigs. | following preterm birth, bacterial colonization and enteral formula feeding predispose neonates to gut dysfunction and necrotizing enterocolitis (nec), a serious gastrointestinal inflammatory disease. we hypothesized that administration of probiotics would beneficially influence early bacterial colonization, thereby reducing the susceptibility to formula-induced gut atrophy, dysfunction, and nec. caesarean-delivered preterm pigs were provided total parenteral nutrition (1.5 d) followed by entera ... | 2008 | 18641188 |
| clostridium perfringens necrotizing enteritis of the fowl: a light microscopic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of spontaneous disease. | moderate lesions of spontaneous necrotic enteritis were investigated by light microscopy, immunoperoxidase staining, and electron microscopy. concurrent coccidial infection was detected in the intestinal mucosa of the majority of diseased birds. electron microscopy of intestinal epithelium revealed vesiculation and blebbing of the luminal cell membrane, as well as degenerative changes of cytoplasmic organelles. using immunoperoxidase staining, clostridium perfringens was identified and shown to ... | 1995 | 18645799 |
| microbiology of salt rising bread. | salt rising bread (srb) is an appalachian traditional bread made without yeast, using a starter derived from flour, milk and potatoes. the "rising agent" has been identified as clostridium perfringens, not salt, and is presumably derived from the environment. although no cases of illness have been attributed to srb, c. perfringens type a is a common cause of food poisoning from meats and gravies. other c. perfringens isolates may cause enteritis necroticans (pig-bel disease) and gas gangrene. pa ... | 2008 | 18646681 |
| identification of claudin-4 as a marker highly overexpressed in both primary and metastatic prostate cancer. | in the quest for markers of expression and progression for prostate cancer (pca), the majority of studies have focussed on molecular data exclusively from primary tumours. although expression in metastases is inferred, a lack of correlation with secondary tumours potentially limits their applicability diagnostically and therapeutically. molecular targets were identified by examining expression profiles of prostate cell lines using cdna microarrays. those genes identified were verified on pca cel ... | 2008 | 18648369 |
| concurrent infection with clostridium and plasmodium in a captive king penguin aptenodytes patagonicus. | concurrent infection with plasmodium relictum and clostridium perfringens type b was diagnosed in a king penguin (aptenodytes patagonicus) that died in the national zoological gardens, pretoria. macro- and microscopic pathological changes were mainly due to c. perfringens. the relative significance of the two pathogens is discussed. | 1994 | 18671104 |
| epidemiology of clostridium species bacteremia in calgary, canada, 2000-2006. | to define the incidence, risk factors for acquisition, and outcomes associated with clostridial bacteremia in a large canadian health region. | 2008 | 18672296 |
| the identification and characterization of clostridium perfringens by real-time pcr, location of enterotoxin gene, and heat resistance. | clostridium perfringens carrying the enterotoxin gene is an important cause of both foodborne and non-foodborne diarrheal disease. rapid identification of isolates carrying the enterotoxin gene is invaluable for outbreak investigation whilst information on the genomic location of the enterotoxin (cpe) gene can improve our understanding of disease transmission. this paper describes the validation of a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for the identification of c. perfringens and ass ... | 2008 | 18681798 |
| a novel resistant maltodextrin alters gastrointestinal tolerance factors, fecal characteristics, and fecal microbiota in healthy adult humans. | resistant maltodextrin has been shown to increase fecal bulk by resisting digestion and being partially fermented by colonic bacteria to short-chain fatty acids (scfa). the objective of this experiment was to determine potential prebiotic effects, gastrointestinal tolerance, and fecal characteristics of free-living humans fed a novel resistant maltodextrin or a normal maltodextrin control. | 2008 | 18689571 |
| pathogen and indicator organism reduction through secondary effluent filtration: implications for reclaimed water production. | the reduction of pathogens and indicator organisms through secondary effluent filtration was investigated at six full-scale treatment facilities, ranging in capacity from 0.04 to 1 m3/s (1 to 25 mgd). grab samples were assayed for pathogens (cultivable enteric viruses, giardia, and cryptosporidium) and indicator organisms (coliforms, enterococci, clostridium perfringens, and coliphages) quarterly under peak flow conditions from each facility over the course of 1 calendar year. log10 removals res ... | 2008 | 18710143 |
| chlamydial effector proteins localized to the host cell cytoplasmic compartment. | disease-causing microbes utilize various strategies to modify their environment in order to create a favorable location for growth and survival. gram-negative bacterial pathogens often use specialized secretion systems to translocate effector proteins directly into the cytosol of the eukaryotic cells they infect. these bacterial proteins are responsible for modulating eukaryotic cell functions. identification of the bacterial effectors has been a critical step toward understanding the molecular ... | 2008 | 18710866 |
| antimicrobial effect of oxidized cellulose salts. | antimicrobial properties of oxidized cellulose and its salts in linters (-l) and microsphere (-m) form (okcel h-l, okcel zn-m, okcel znna-l, okcel znna-m and okcel ag-l) were tested by a dilution method against a spectrum of microbial strains: escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus epidermidis, bacillus licheniformis, aspergillus niger, penicillium chrysogenum, rhizopus oryzae, scopulariopsis brevicaulis, candida albicans and candida tropicalis. okcel ag-l exhibited antimicrobi ... | 2008 | 18712552 |
| structural basis of clostridium perfringens toxin complex formation. | the virulent properties of the common human and livestock pathogen clostridium perfringens are attributable to a formidable battery of toxins. among these are a number of large and highly modular carbohydrate-active enzymes, including the mu-toxin and sialidases, whose catalytic properties are consistent with degradation of the mucosal layer of the human gut, glycosaminoglycans, and other cellular glycans found throughout the body. the conservation of noncatalytic ancillary modules among these e ... | 2008 | 18716000 |
| clostridium perfringens toxin types from freshwater fishes in one water reservoir of shandong province of china, determined by pcr. | four hundred and twenty intestinal content samples (not including intestinal tissues) of freshwater fishes (60 silver carps, 100 carps, 100 crucian carps, 60 catfishes and 100 zaieuws) caught from one water reservoir were examined bacteriologically for the occurrence of c. perfringens. isolates were examined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for genes encoding the four lethal toxins (alpha, beta, epsilon and iota) for classification into toxin types and for genes encoding enterotoxin and the no ... | 2008 | 18717056 |
| identification of lacto-n-biose i phosphorylase from vibrio vulnificus cmcp6. | a beta-1,3-galactosyl-n-acetylhexosamine phosphorylase (galglynacp) homolog gene was cloned from vibrio vulnificus cmcp6. in synthetic reactions, the recombinant enzyme acted only with glcnac and galnac as acceptors in the presence of alpha-d-galactose-1-phosphate as a donor to form lacto-n-biose i (lnb) (galbeta1 --> 3glcnac) and galacto-n-biose (gnb) (galbeta1 --> 3galnac), respectively. glcnac was a much better acceptor than galnac. the enzyme also phosphorolysed lnb faster than it phosphorol ... | 2008 | 18723650 |
| topical fusidic acid for treatment of clostridium perfringens keratitis. | to report the therapeutic outcome of primary corneal infection by clostridium perfringens. | 2008 | 18724164 |
| antimicrobial activity of extracts of edible wild and cultivated mushrooms against foodborne bacterial strains. | the antimicrobial activity of aqueous, methanol, hexane, and ethyl acetate extracts from edible wild and cultivated mushrooms against nine foodborne pathogenic bacterial strains (escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enteritidis, shigella sonnei, vibrio parahaemolyticus, yersinia enterocolitica, bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, listeria monocytogenes, and staphylococcus aureus) was screened with a disk diffusion assay. twenty-nine of the 48 species tested had antimicrobial activity. meth ... | 2008 | 18724768 |
| the effects of grobiotic-p on growth performance, nutrient digestibilities, and cecal microbial populations in young chicks. | this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of grobiotic-p (gb), a prebiotic-type product that contains dairy and yeast fractions and dried fermentation extracts, on growth performance and nutrient digestibility at 4 and 21 d of age and cecal populations of bifidobacterium, lactobacillus, escherichia coli, and clostridium perfringens at 21 d of age. two experiments were conducted using male new hampshire x columbian chicks. the first experiment evaluated gb at 2, 4, and 6% in a corn-soybean ... | 2008 | 18753447 |
| type iv pili and the ccpa protein are needed for maximal biofilm formation by the gram-positive anaerobic pathogen clostridium perfringens. | the predominant organizational state of bacteria in nature is biofilms. biofilms have been shown to increase bacterial resistance to a variety of stresses. we demonstrate for the first time that the anaerobic gram-positive pathogen clostridium perfringens forms biofilms. at the same concentration of glucose in the medium, optimal biofilm formation depended on a functional ccpa protein. while the ratio of biofilm to planktonic growth was higher in the wild type than in a ccpa mutant strain in mid ... | 2008 | 18765726 |
| gizzard erosions as a cause of mortality in white leghorn chickens. | increased mortality connected with gizzard erosions has been observed in several flocks of white leghorn chicks in sweden. bacterial infection of the gizzard wall was a common finding in chicks that had died from the disease. infection with clostridium perfringens is supposed to be the main cause of mortality, but the primary cause of the gizzard lesions has not been established. | 1988 | 18766710 |
| modelling the growth of clostridium perfringens during the cooling of bulk meat. | a dynamic predictive model was developed to describe the effects of temperature, ph and nacl concentration on the growth of clostridium perfringens type a. the model for the specific growth rate was based on 81 growth curves generated in our laboratory or obtained from the publicly available combase database. growth curves obtained during cooling were fitted with the dynamic model of baranyi and roberts. this made it possible to determine the parameter value reflecting the physiological state of ... | 2008 | 18768233 |
| neuraminidase-1, a subunit of the cell surface elastin receptor, desialylates and functionally inactivates adjacent receptors interacting with the mitogenic growth factors pdgf-bb and igf-2. | we recently established that the elastin-binding protein, which is identical to the spliced variant of beta-galactosidase, forms a cell surface-targeted complex with two proteins considered "classic lysosomal enzymes": protective protein/cathepsin a and neuraminidase-1 (neu1). we also found that cell surface-residing neu1 can desialylate neighboring microfibrillar glycoproteins and facilitate the deposition of insoluble elastin, which contributes to the maintenance of cellular quiescence. here w ... | 2008 | 18772331 |
| sequencing and diversity analyses reveal extensive similarities between some epsilon-toxin-encoding plasmids and the pcpf5603 clostridium perfringens enterotoxin plasmid. | clostridium perfringens type b and d isolates produce epsilon-toxin, the third most potent clostridial toxin. the epsilon-toxin gene (etx) is plasmid borne in type d isolates, but etx genetics have been poorly studied in type b isolates. this study reports the first sequencing of any etx plasmid, i.e., pcp8533etx, from type b strain nctc8533. this etx plasmid is 64.7 kb, carries tcp conjugative transfer genes, and encodes additional potential virulence factors including beta2-toxin, sortase, and ... | 2008 | 18776010 |
| ulcerative enterocolitis in two goats associated with enterotoxin- and beta2 toxin-positive clostridium perfringens type d. | enterotoxemia caused by clostridium perfringens type d in sheep is believed to result from the action of epsilon toxin (etx). however, the sole role of etx in the intestinal changes of the acute and chronic forms of enterotoxemia in goats remains controversial, and the synergistic action of other c. perfringens toxins has been suggested previously. the current study examined 2 goats that were found dead without premonitory clinical signs. gross lesions at necropsy consisted of multifocal fibrino ... | 2008 | 18776108 |
| indicator microorganisms and pathogens removal function performed by copepods in constructed wetlands. | removal efficiency of indicator and pathogenic microorganisms in constructed wetlands were analyzed, and microorganisms removal function performed by copepods was determined. the results showed that the constructed wetlands effectively reduced escherichia coli, fecal streptococci, total coliforms, and fecal coliforms, the salmonella spp. removal efficiency was relatively low and the clostridium perfringens removal was the least. at copepods concentrations of 3.0 x 10(2)/l, and 6.0 x 10(2)/l, hig ... | 2008 | 18777152 |
| recombinant bacillus subtilis expressing the clostridium perfringens alpha toxoid is a candidate orally delivered vaccine against necrotic enteritis. | recombinant bacillus subtilis endospores have been used to vaccinate against tetanus and anthrax. in this work, we have developed spores that could be used to vaccinate against clostridium perfringens alpha toxin and that could be used to protect against gas gangrene in humans and necrotic enteritis in poultry. the primary active agent in both cases is alpha toxin. a carboxy-terminal segment of the alpha toxin gene (cpa) fused to the glutathione-s-transferase (gst) gene was cloned in b. subtilis ... | 2008 | 18779344 |
| structural constraints for the binding of short peptides to claudin-4 revealed by surface plasmon resonance. | claudin family transmembrane proteins play an important role in tight junction structure and function in epithelial cells. among the 24 isoforms identified in mice and humans, claudin-4 and -3 serve as the receptor for clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe). the second extracellular loop (ecl2) of claudin-4 is responsible for the binding to the c-terminal 30 amino acids of cpe (cpe30). to define the structural constraints for the claudin-4/cpe30 interaction, a surface plasmon resonance (spr) ... | 2008 | 18782762 |
| origin of clostridium perfringens isolates determines the ability to induce necrotic enteritis in broilers. | since the ban on growth-promoting antibiotics in animal feed in the european union, necrotic enteritis has become a major cause of mortality in broiler chickens. despite the importance of the disease, the pathogenesis is still not completely understood. in the current study, clostridium perfringens strains isolated from healthy flocks and isolates from outbreaks of necrotic enteritis were evaluated for the ability to cause gut necrosis in an intestinal loop model in laying hens and in an experim ... | 2009 | 18783830 |
| characterization of genes regulated directly by the virr/virs system in clostridium perfringens. | analysis of the complete sequence of the genome of clostridium perfringens strain 13 resulted in identification of five genes, including pfoa (encoding theta toxin) and vrr (encoding virr/virs-regulated rna), with consensus virr-binding sequences upstream of the open reading frame (orf), suggesting that expression of these genes may be regulated directly by the two-component virr/virs system. to test this possibility, we examined virr/virs system-mediated transcriptional regulation of three gene ... | 2008 | 18790863 |
| cell surface o-glycans limit staphylococcus aureus adherence to corneal epithelial cells. | the mucin-rich environment of the intact corneal epithelium is thought to contribute to the prevention of staphylococcus aureus infection. this study examined whether o-glycans, which constitute the majority of the mucin mass of epithelial cell glycocalyces, prevented bacterial adhesion and growth. abrogation of mucin o glycosylation using the chemical primer benzyl-alpha-galnac resulted in increased adherence of parental strain rn6390 to apical human corneal-limbal epithelial (hcle) cells and t ... | 2008 | 18794288 |
| effect of erythromycin on biological activities induced by clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin. | clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin, an important agent of gas gangrene with inflammatory myopathies, possesses lethal, hemolytic, and necrotic activities. here, we show that alpha-toxin-induced lethality in mice was inhibited by i.v. preadministration of erythromycin (erm). administration of erm resulted in a drastic reduction in the release of tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, interleukin (il)-1beta, and il-6 and systemic hemolysis induced by alpha-toxin, whereas the administration of kitasam ... | 2008 | 18794379 |
| molecular approach and bacterial quality of drinking water of urban and rural communities in egypt. | water is necessary to life so when supplied as drinking water to consumers, a satisfactory quality must be maintained. in egypt, infectious intestinal diseases are the major cause of hospitalization in almost all regions. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of treated and untreated water samples from urban and rural communities. thirty-five samples of treated (chlorinated) water from taps, 25 samples of bottled water and 15 samples of hand pump (untreated) water ... | 2008 | 18800596 |
| comparing the partitioning behavior of giardia and cryptosporidium with that of indicator organisms in stormwater runoff. | microbial association with particles can significantly affect the fate and transport characteristics of microbes in aquatic systems as particle-associated organisms will be less mobile in the environment than their free phase (i.e. unattached) counterparts. as such, similarities or dissimilarities in the partitioning behavior of indicator organisms and pathogens may have an impact on the suitability of a particular indicator to act as a surrogate for a pathogen. this research analyzed the partit ... | 2008 | 18804835 |
| time-dependent persistence of enhanced immune response by a potential probiotic strain lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei ntu 101. | the possible time-dependent role of lactic acid bacteria (lab) in immunomodulation was investigated in balb/c mice fed daily with lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei ntu 101 (10(8) colony forming units) for 3, 6, and 9 weeks, and following feeding with lactobacillus-free food for a further 7 days. we observed up-regulation of the antigen-presenting ability of dendritic cells, and expression of natural killer group-2 d (nkg2d) molecules capable of trigger natural killer cell-mediated cytotox ... | 2008 | 18809220 |
| evidence that membrane rafts are not required for the action of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. | the action of bacterial pore-forming toxins typically involves membrane rafts for binding, oligomerization, and/or cytotoxicity. clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) is a pore-forming toxin with a unique, multistep mechanism of action that involves the formation of complexes containing tight junction proteins that include claudins and, sometimes, occludin. using sucrose density gradient centrifugation, this study evaluated whether the cpe complexes reside in membrane rafts and what role raf ... | 2008 | 18809663 |
| antibacterial activity of xanthorrhizol isolated from curcuma xanthorrhiza roxb. against foodborne pathogens. | xanthorrhizol, isolated from the ethanol extract of curcuma xanthorrhiza roxb., is a sesquiterpene compound with a molecular weight of 218. the aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of xanthorrhizol against foodborne pathogens. the antibacterial activity of xanthorrhizol was measured in terms of the mic and the mbc. mics and mbcs of xanthorrhizol against bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella typhimurium, and ... | 2008 | 18810881 |
| a genetically enhanced anaerobic bacterium for oncopathic therapy of pancreatic cancer. | a major obstacle in treatment of solid tumors is the inefficient delivery of therapeutic agents to the hypoxic cores. hypoxia offers the potential for anaerobic bacteria colonization and tumor destruction by the bacteria, and dormant spores of wild-type clostridium perfringens (cp) germinate and proliferate within the hypoxic cores of pancreatic tumors in mice. however, the oncopathic effects of cp were limited by host inflammatory responses and by cp's residual tolerance to oxygen, which caused ... | 2008 | 18812551 |
| bacteriological and clinical evaluation of twelve cases of post-surgical sepsis of odontogenic tumours at a referral centre. | to determine the bacterial aetiology of sepsis occurring following surgery of odontogenic tumours and assess the effect of prompt and proper antibiotic usage. | 2008 | 18817023 |
| restriction enzyme analysis and dna sequencing comparison for alpha-toxin gene among different types of clostridium perfringens. | alpha-toxin is produced by all types of clostridium perfringens. the genes encoding alpha-toxin from the available five types of clostridium perfringens [a (chicken strain), a (rabbit strain), b, c and d] were pcr amplified using specific primers and the pcr products were examined on 1.5% (w/v) agarose gel and demonstrated the same bands comparable to the published alpha-toxin gene. restriction enzyme analysis using two sets of enzymes (one set known to have recognition sites; hinf1, ecorv and m ... | 2008 | 18817159 |
| enteral feeding induces diet-dependent mucosal dysfunction, bacterial proliferation, and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm pigs on parenteral nutrition. | preterm neonates have an immature gut and metabolism and may benefit from total parenteral nutrition (tpn) before enteral food is introduced. conversely, delayed enteral feeding may inhibit gut maturation and sensitize to necrotizing enterocolitis (nec). intestinal mass and nec lesions were first recorded in preterm pigs fed enterally (porcine colostrum, bovine colostrum, or formula for 20-40 h), with or without a preceding 2- to 3-day tpn period (n = 435). mucosal mass increased during tpn and ... | 2008 | 18818317 |
| effects of mannanoligosaccharide and fructooligosaccharide on the response of broilers to pathogenic escherichia coli challenge. | 1. the effects of mannanoligosaccharide (mos, bio-mos, alltech inc.) on the growth performance and digestive system, particularly gut microflora, were tested and compared with fructooligosaccharide (fos, raftilose p95, orafti) using 1-d-old birds in an escherichia coli challenge model. the experiment lasted for 3 weeks and zinc bacitracin (znb) was used as a positive control. 2. dietary mos had positive effects on body weight gain (bwg) or/and feed conversion efficiency (fce) of the challenged b ... | 2008 | 18836901 |
| microbiological and 16s rrna analysis of sulphite-reducing clostridia from river sediments in central italy. | microbiological indicators are commonly used in the assessment of public health risks associated with fecal contamination of freshwater ecosystems. sediments are a reservoir of microorganisms, and can thus provide information on past pollution events, not obtainable through the testing of surface water. moreover, pathogens present in sediment may represent future threats to human health. clostridium perfringens, a typical colonizer of sediments, has been suggested as an alternative indicator of ... | 2008 | 18842132 |
| the strang cancer prevention clinics; a symposium. | | 1948 | 18857029 |
| the growth requirements of clostridium perfringens (welchii) bp6k. | | 1948 | 18871259 |
| a microbiological procedure for the assay of amino acids with clostridium perfringens (welchii) bp6k. | | 1948 | 18871260 |
| a clostridium perfringens food poisoning outbreak associated with consumption of chicken curry supplied by a home caterer. | | 2008 | 18922552 |
| the role of penicillin g potassium in managing clostridium perfringens in broiler chickens. | the efficacy of penicillin g potassium (pot-pen) administered via drinking water to manage necrotic enteritis (ne) was investigated in a clostridium perfringens (cp) challenge study using 1600 broiler chickens assigned to one of four treatment groups: nonchallenged, nonmedicated; challenged, nonmedicated; challenged, pot-pen 0.2 g/l; challenged, pot-pen 0.4 g/l. overall mortality due to ne was significantly reduced among pot-pen-treated pens; mortality due to other causes did not differ among th ... | 2008 | 18939627 |
| a persistent outbreak of ulcerative enteritis in bobwhite quail (colinus virginianus). | ulcerative enteritis is a disease that typically responds well to medication. an outbreak of ulcerative enteritis that was persistent and unresponsive to treatment is described. the outbreak started in semimature birds and progressively spread to younger birds. confounding factors leading to this persistence were a significant coccidosis problem, a feed mixing error, and suspected antibiotic resistance. although clostridium colinum was never isolated, a bacitracin-resistant clostridium perfringe ... | 2008 | 18939648 |
| multilocus sequence typing analysis of clostridium perfringens isolates from necrotic enteritis outbreaks in broiler chicken populations. | clostridium perfringens is an important pathogen of animals and humans and is the causative agent of necrotic enteritis (ne) in poultry. this study focuses on the typing of intestinal c. perfringens isolates (n = 61) from outbreaks of ne collected from several areas of southern ontario, using a recently developed multilocus sequence typing (mlst) technique. for comparison, c. perfringens isolates from healthy birds were also obtained and typed. an additional locus, the pfos locus, was included i ... | 2008 | 18945840 |
| use of faecal pollution indicators to estimate pathogen die off conditions in source separated faeces in kathmandu valley, nepal. | as the introduction and promotion of dehydrating toilets progresses, the safety of handling and reuse of their biosolids remains a question. a detailed study to understand the storage conditions and the fate of selected faecal indicators was conducted on four urine diverting dehydrating toilet units, using ash as a major additive, in kathmandu valley, nepal. presumptive escherichia coli, total coliforms, enterococci and different fractions of clostridium perfringens were investigated under field ... | 2009 | 18957778 |
| using irradiation treatment for reduction of anaerobic bacteria from a wastewater treatment plant. | this study was done to investigate the reduction of anaerobic bacteria (clostridium perfringens) by ultrasound irradiation technology (usi). c. perfringens is the most important of the sulfite-reducing clostridia and is normally present in human and animal feces. clostridial spores survive longer than coliforms, escherichia coli or enterococci, and are consequently used as an indicator of past fecal pollution. the spores are not always inactivated by chlorination, but are not a hazard to health ... | 2008 | 18975846 |
| understanding gastroenteritis in elderly residents of aged-care facilities. | | 2008 | 18976184 |
| rethinking our understanding of the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis in chickens. | for decades, low doses of antibiotics have been used widely in animal production to promote growth. however, there is a trend to reduce this use of antibiotics in feedstuffs, and legislation is now in place in europe to prohibit their use in this way. as a consequence, economically important diseases, such as necrotic enteritis (ne) of chickens, that are caused by clostridium perfringens have become more prevalent. recent research is creating a paradigm shift in our understanding of the pathogen ... | 2009 | 18977143 |
| fate of pathogenic microorganisms and indicators in secondary activated sludge wastewater treatment plants. | this study was undertaken to investigate the removal of pathogenic microorganisms and their indicators in a laboratory scale biological treatment system that simulated the secondary treatment process of a wastewater treatment plant (wwtp). four groups of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, protozoa and helminths as well as the selected indicators were employed in the investigation. the results demonstrated that approximately 2-3 log10 removal of the microbial indicators was achieved in t ... | 2009 | 18977580 |
| potential use of tight junction modulators to reversibly open membranous barriers and improve drug delivery. | the epithelial and endothelial barriers of the human body are major obstacles for drug delivery to the systemic circulation and to organs with unique environment and homeostasis, like the central nervous system. several transport routes exist in these barriers, which potentially can be exploited for enhancing drug permeability. beside the transcellular pathways via transporters, adsorptive and receptor-mediated transcytosis, the paracellular flux for cells and molecules is very limited. while li ... | 2009 | 18983815 |
| [construction and immunogenicity of a genetic engineered strain expressing nontoxic st1-lt(b)-alpha-beta fusion protein against diarrhea of piglet]. | we constructed a recombinant strain bl21 (de3) (petst3ltbalphabeta) including st1-lt(b)-alpha-beta fusion gene via molecular technology. the sds-page and western blotting indicated that the st1-lt(b)-alpha-beta fusion protein was highly expressed in escherichia coli and the molecular weight of the fusion protein was about 110 kd. the recombinant strain was induced in different concentrations of lactose and different aeration rate. the optimal culture conditions in 20 l fermentor were 1% inoculat ... | 2008 | 18998533 |
| immunization against clostridium perfringens cells elicits protection against clostridium tetani in mouse model: identification of cross-reactive proteins using proteomic methodologies. | clostridium tetani and clostridium perfringens are among the medically important clostridial pathogens causing diseases in man and animals. several homologous open reading frames (orfs) have been identified in the genomes of the two pathogens by comparative genomic analysis. we tested a likelihood of extensive sharing of common epitopes between homologous proteins of these two medically important pathogens and the possibility of cross-protection using active immunization. | 2008 | 19000325 |
| multiplex pcr for the detection of clostridium botulinum & c. perfringens toxin genes. | | 2008 | 19001686 |
| microbial quality control of raw ground beef and fresh sausage in casablanca (morocco). | in this study, samples of raw ground beef (n = 150) and fresh sausage (n = 100) were collected randomly from butcheries, supermarkets, and fast-food shops, in casablanca, morocco. two types of meat product samples were considered, one with spices (n = 115) and other without spices (n = 135). all the samples were analyzed for the presence of the following bacteria: escherichia coli, staphylococcus, clostridium perfringens, salmonella, and listeria monocytogenes. e. coli strains were further typed ... | 2008 | 19004395 |
| effects of dietary mannanoligosaccharide on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and gut development of broilers given different cereal-based diets. | a feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of mannanoligosaccharide (mos) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and gut development of broilers given a corn or a wheat-based diet over a 21-day experimental period. dietary mos improved the growth performance of birds given the wheat-based diet compared to that of birds given the corn-based diet during 7-21 days of age. in line with this, the ileal digestibility of starch was increased by mos at 21 days of age. the addition ... | 2008 | 19012610 |
| clostridium perfringens delta toxin is sequence related to beta toxin, netb, and staphylococcus pore-forming toxins, but shows functional differences. | clostridium perfringens produces numerous toxins, which are responsible for severe diseases in man and animals. delta toxin is one of the three hemolysins released by a number of c. perfringens type c and possibly type b strains. delta toxin was characterized to be cytotoxic for cells expressing the ganglioside g(m2) in their membrane. here we report the genetic characterization of delta toxin and its pore forming activity in lipid bilayers. delta toxin consists of 318 amino acids, its 28 n-term ... | 2008 | 19018299 |
| rbcg induces strong antigen-specific t cell responses in rhesus macaques in a prime-boost setting with an adenovirus 35 tuberculosis vaccine vector. | bcg vaccination, combined with adenoviral-delivered boosts, represents a reasonable strategy to augment, broaden and prolong immune protection against tuberculosis (tb). we tested bcg (ssi1331) (in 6 animals, delivered intradermally) and a recombinant (rbcg) afro-1 expressing perfringolysin (in 6 animals) followed by two boosts (delivered intramuscullary) with non-replicating adenovirus 35 (rad35) expressing a fusion protein composed of ag85a, ag85b and tb10.4, for the capacity to induce antigen ... | 2008 | 19023426 |
| assessment of the microbiological safety of dried spices and herbs from production and retail premises in the united kingdom. | a study of dried spices and herbs from retail and production premises to determine the microbiological status of such products was undertaken in the uk during 2004. according to ec recommendation 2004/24/ec and european spice association specifications, 96% of 2833 retail samples and 92% of 132 production batches were of satisfactory/acceptable quality. salmonella spp. were detected in 1.5% and 1.1% of dried spices and herbs sampled at production and retail, respectively. overall, 3.0% of herbs ... | 2009 | 19028303 |
| clostridium perfringens keratitis leading to blinding panophthalmitis. | the purpose of this study was to report a case of clostridium perfringens keratitis, which led rapidly to panophthalmitis, with loss of the eye in a healthy patient. | 2008 | 19034143 |
| the effects of several organic acids on growth performance, nutrient digestibilities, and cecal microbial populations in young chicks. | four experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of citric, gluconic, fumaric, and malic acids on growth and nutrient digestibility in new hampshire x columbian male chicks from hatch to 21 d. for growth performance, chicks fed 1 to 4% gluconic acid, 4% citric acid, or 4% malic acid in a corn-soybean meal diet generally showed reductions (p < 0.05) in growth to 21 d, whereas 3% citric acid, 2% malic acid, or 1.5 to 4.5% fumaric acid had no significant effect. in the first experiment, 2, 4 ... | 2008 | 19038814 |
| antimicrobial activity of essential oils and structurally related synthetic food additives towards clostridium perfringens. | to assess the potential of essential oils and structurally related synthetic food additives in inhibiting the growth of clostridium perfringens for the control of necrotic enteritis in chickens. | 2009 | 19054237 |
| extracellular protectants produced by clostridium perfringens cells at elevated temperatures. | the mechanisms of adaptation of clostridium perfringens to high temperatures are not well understood. in this work, the involvement of extracellular compounds in protection to heat was determined. | 2009 | 19055630 |
| tight junctions as targets of infectious agents. | the epithelial barrier is a critical border that segregates luminal material from entering tissues. essential components of this epithelial fence are physical intercellular structures termed tight junctions. these junctions use a variety of transmembrane proteins coupled with cytoplasmic adaptors, and the actin cytoskeleton, to attach adjacent cells together thereby forming intercellular seals. breaching of this barrier has profound effects on human health and disease, as barrier deficiencies ha ... | 2009 | 19059200 |
| sequence variation in the alpha-toxin encoding plc gene of clostridium perfringens strains isolated from diseased and healthy chickens. | the aim of the present study was to analyse the genetic diversity of the alpha-toxin encoding plc gene and the variation in alpha-toxin production of clostridium perfringens type a strains isolated from presumably healthy chickens and chickens suffering from either necrotic enteritis (ne) or cholangio-hepatitis. the alpha-toxin encoding plc genes from 60 different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) types (strains) of c. perfringens were sequenced and translated in silico to amino acid seque ... | 2009 | 19070974 |
| [microbiology and management of gaseous gangrene:the sichuan experience of 20 earthquake cases]. | wound secretion from 20 patients with gaseous gangrene was collected for gram staining, bacterial culture and drug sensitivity tests. the results indicated that gaseous gangrene was caused by the co-infection of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. gram-negative bacilli were slightly more common than other aerobic bacteria in gaseous gangrene wound, which was different from the findings of ordinary gaseous gangrene. | 2008 | 19080191 |