| chemical analysis of internal environmental response of carp puntius stigma to ddt. | exposure of puntius stigma to sublethal dose of ddt (0.05 ppm) for 15 days decreased the liver concentrations of protein and dna from 65 +/- 0.91 to 63 +/- 0.78 mg/100 mg and 669 +/- 17 to 575 +/- 14 micrograms/100 mg, respectively whereas rna increased from 8214 +/- 318 to 8929 +/- 209 micrograms/100 mg. biotransformation products of this hydrocarbon interfered in the pathways of protein biosynthesis and induced proteolysis in hepatic tissues. the resulting changes were explained in the light o ... | 1985 | 2416702 |
| connections of the auditory midbrain in a teleost fish, cyprinus carpio. | central auditory pathways were traced in japanese carp, cyprinus carpio, using electrophysiological mapping and hrp tract-tracing methods. multiunit recordings made from the carp torus semicircularis, the major midbrain area for processing octavolateralis information, revealed a mediolateral segregation of auditory and lateral line sensory modalities. iontophoretic injections of hrp were made into the medial torus to trace afferent and efferent projections of the carp auditory midbrain. followin ... | 1984 | 6520250 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of a cdna for the alpha-globin mrna of carp, cyprinus carpio. | a cdna for alpha-globin mrna of the carp, cyprinus carpio, was cloned by the method of okayama and berg (mol. cell. biol. 2 (1982) 161-170) and its complete nucleotide sequence was determined. the 5' non-coding region contained 23 nucleotides. following this region, there was an open reading frame encoded with an alpha-globin polypeptide consisting of 142 amino acids. the 3' non-coding region was 88 nucleotides in length, including two copies of the hexanucleotide aataaa and a poly(a) site of th ... | 1984 | 6548931 |
| temperature regulation of ovarian steroid production in the common carp, cyprinus carpio l., in vivo and in vitro. | the effect of temperature on ovarian steroid production in the common carp, cyprinus carpio l., has been studied in vitro with exogenous and endogenous precursors, and in fish held at three different temperatures in vivo. with radioactive testosterone as substrate, the major metabolite was testosterone glucuronide, but androstenedione and 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol were also identified. 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,7 alpha,17 beta-triol was tentatively identified and two other polar met ... | 1984 | 6510696 |
| free extracellular [ca2+] at photoreceptor level equals that in vitreous in frog and carp eyes. | the extracellular ca2+ concentration has a strong influence on the function of retinal photoreceptors. in the present study both single- and double-barrelled ca2+-sensitive microelectrodes were used to measure the free calcium ion concentration in the extracellular fluid bathing the photoreceptors in opened excised eyes of frogs and carps. the electrode tip was localized electrophysiologically by voltage drops related to current pulses passed radially through the preparation, using the high-resi ... | 1984 | 6334664 |
| rhythmic discharge of mitral cells in the carp olfactory bulb. | we examined conditions in which rhythmic discharges of the mitral cell are obtained in the carp olfactory bulb. when the mean firing rates of the responses to various concentrations of nacl solutions were high (more than 5 hz), rhythmic discharges appeared. results provide experimental support for the rhythm generation hypothesis on the dendrodendritic synapse in the vertebrate olfactory bulb. | 1984 | 6509328 |
| monoclonal antibodies distinguish subtypes of retinal horizontal cells. | sixteen hybridomas have been identified that secrete antibodies specific to horizontal cells in the carp retina. the hybridomas have been classified into three groups based on their antibody staining patterns: group i, staining associated with all horizontal cells; group ii, staining associated with the most abundant subtype of horizontal cell (ch1); and group iii, staining associated with other subtypes of horizontal cells. most of the hybridomas fall in group ii; some of these antibodies stain ... | 1984 | 6385010 |
| dye coupling between amacrine cells in carp retina. | amacrine cells in isolated retinas of the carp (cyprinus carpio) were intracellularly recorded and marked with a fluorescent dye, lucifer yellow. on occasion, dye coupling was found to occur between amacrine cells when the dye was iontophoretically injected into an amacrine cell, generating one of the transient or sustained types of photoresponse. dye-coupled cells in the vicinity of the marked cell were very similar to the marked cell in soma shape and dendritic stratification. dye diffusion is ... | 1984 | 6514234 |
| multiple receptor types for amino acids in the carp olfactory cells revealed by quantitative cross-adaptation method. | a quantitative method of cross-adaptation was developed to explore the difference in the receptor sites for various amino acids in the carp olfactory receptors. the olfactory responses were measured by recording the stimulant-induced waves from the olfactory bulb. cross-adaptation was carried out by varying concentrations of amino acids in a wide range. typical examples of the results obtained are as follows. the response to thr after ser was decreased with increasing concentration of ser applie ... | 1984 | 6089964 |
| bioconcentration potential of polydimethylsiloxane (pdms) fluids by fish. | the water solubilities (s), octanol/water partition coefficients (kow) and bioconcentration factors (bcf) of four polydimethylsiloxane (pdms) fluids covering a wide range of molecular weight were measured. it is shown that a previously described correlation between s and kow for organic chemicals may be invalid for pdms fluids; an alternative correlation is proposed. some pdms fluids tend to have a bioconcentration potential in silver carp. | 1984 | 6523120 |
| pharmacological properties and localization of dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in the carp retina. | there is a specific dopamine (da)-sensitive adenylate cyclase (ec 4.6.1.1) in the carp retina that can be stimulated by da, da agonists, and potassium. experiments with the presynaptic blocker cobalt and the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine strongly indicate that this adenylate cyclase is located postsynaptically. by separating retinal neurons with velocity sedimentation at unit gravity it was determined that horizontal cells possessed a da-sensitive adenylate cyclase. the sensitivity of these cells ... | 1984 | 6205901 |
| muscle fiber activity in carp as a function of swimming speed and muscle temperature. | these experiments were performed to determine how ectothermal animals maintain their locomotory ability during acute changes in muscle temperature, despite the large thermal dependence of the mechanical properties of their muscle. the electrical activity of the red (slow-twitch) and white (fast-twitch) muscle fibers of carp was monitored while the carp swam at various speeds at 10 and 20 degrees c. the patterns of recruitment of different fiber types were similar at both temperatures. at low spe ... | 1984 | 6465341 |
| static and kinetic studies on carp muscle parvalbumins. | fluorescence titration and fluorescence stopped-flow studies were performed on carp muscle parvalbumin components 1, 2, 3, and 5 (the latter three components were modified with a sh-directed fluorescent reagent, dansyl-l-cysteine). apparent binding constants (kapp) of ca2+ to these components decrease in the order of component 2 (kapp = 2.8 +/- 0.9 x 10(8) m-1) greater than component 1 (kapp = 1.25 +/- 0.25 x 10(8) m-1) greater than component 3 = component 5 (kapp = 4.0 +/- 0.5 x 10(7) m-1) in 3 ... | 1984 | 6438069 |
| [myxosporidia infections of the kidney of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) from lower saxony pond farms]. | | 1984 | 6435599 |
| phylogeny of interleukins: growth factors produced by leucocytes of the cyprinid fish, cyprinus carpio l. | supernatants of phytohaemagglutinin (pha)-activated pronephric leucocytes from carp (cyprinus carpio l.) contain a lymphocyte growth factor which can induce a proliferative response of purified lymphoblasts but not freshly isolated leucocytes. the growth-promoting activity can be reduced by absorbing the supernatant with mitogen-activated blasts. in addition, increased incorporation of tritiated thymidine into pha-activated blast cells is also induced by supernatants from two-way mixed leucocyte ... | 1984 | 6235177 |
| measurement of facilitated calcium diffusion by a soluble calcium-binding protein. | the flux of calcium through an aqueous compartment was determined in a flow-dialysis cell in which two dialysis membranes separated the middle aqueous compartment from two outer compartments. the contribution of convection to the total calcium flux was large but could be removed by addition of 1% agar. the flux of calcium through the gelled aqueous compartment agreed with theoretical expectations. the self-diffusion coefficient for calcium from these results was calculated to be 0.81 x 10(-5) cm ... | 1984 | 6733098 |
| proximate biochemical composition and caloric content calculated from elemental chn analysis: a stoichiometric concept. | carbohydrate, lipid, and protein compositions are stoichiometrically related to organic chn (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen) contents. elemental chn analyses of total biomass and ash, therefore, provide a basis for the calculation of proximate biochemical composition and bomb caloric value. the classical nitrogen to protein conversion factor (6.25) should be replaced by 5.8±0.13. a linear relation exists between the mass fraction of non-protein carbon and the carbohydrate and lipid content. residual ... | 1984 | 28310880 |
| seasonal effects on clonorchicidal substances from epidermal mucus of cyprinus carpio, ophicephalus argus and parasilurus asotus. | | 1984 | 12891043 |
| temperature effects on the electroretinogram of the isolated carp retina. | the electroretinogram was recorded from the isolated retina of the carp while the temperature was varied systematically and while the preparation was under the influence of various pharmacological agents. in addition to the a-wave and the b-wave, the electroretinogram gave evidence of early and late oscillatory potentials. the procedures selectively modified the prominence of these and other less conspicuous components. a particularly significant finding was that some oscillatory potentials are ... | 1984 | 6464694 |
| coupling between horizontal cells in the carp retina revealed by diffusion of lucifer yellow. | electrical coupling among 4 different types of horizontal cells in cyprinus carpio was examined from the diffusion of the intracellularly injected lucifer yellow. the type of horizontal cells was identified by a spectral response and by a distinct morphology when the retina was viewed in flat mounts under a fluorescence microscope. lucifer yellow diffused from the injected cell into surrounding cells, and in all of these preparations, diffusion was limited to horizontal cells of the same morphol ... | 1984 | 6462526 |
| the significance of cortisol for osmoregulation in carp (cyprinus carpio) and tilapia (sarotherodon mossambicus). | changes in plasma cortisol and glucose concentration were studied in carp during acclimation from fresh water (fw) to 1.5% salt water and vice versa. there was an increase in cortisol and glucose concentration during acclimation from fw to salt water which lasted for several days. reacclimation to fw did not cause clear changes in cortisol and glucose levels. one single injection of cortisol (0.2 mg/100 g or 1 mg/100 g) and additional transfer to salt water (1.5% for carp and 2.7% for tilapia) a ... | 1984 | 6329900 |
| primary structure, biochemical and physiological aspects of hemoglobin from south american lungfish (lepidosiren paradoxus, dipnoi). | the south american lungfish has only one hemoglobin component. the complete amino-acid sequence of this hemoglobin is presented. a large quantity of carbonate dehydratase from the lungfish erythrocytes was also isolated. the carboxymethylated chains, obtained by separation of globin on deae-sephacel, were submitted to tryptic digestion and chemical cleavage. the isolation of tryptic peptides was achieved either by dowex-50 chromatography or by high performance liquid chromatography. the alignmen ... | 1984 | 6090299 |
| responses of the swimbladder of the carp to sound stimulation. | the oscillations of the swimbladder anterior chamber of the carp (cyprinus carpio) following stimulation with tones of 300-1500 hz were studied by the method of holographic interferometry. the oscillation amplitude appeared to be maximal at frequencies close to the resonance frequency of an air bladder of equivalent volume as well as at frequencies corresponding approximately to the second and third harmonics of the resonance frequency. a change in the frequency of the sound signal or in the ins ... | 1984 | 6746428 |
| spontaneous conversion of carp liver acpase i and some properties of its asialo-form. | evidence is given for a spontaneous conversion of acpase i to a more basic form due to autolytic loss of sialic acid. to investigate whether the presence of sialic acid in the enzyme molecule is of any physiological significance some physico-chemical properties of an enzymatically obtained asialo-acpase i were studied. it has been shown that the asialo-form retained the properties of the native enzyme in respect to thermostability and ph-stability but modified slightly the hydrolytic activities ... | 2013 | 6537721 |
| fish liver protein synthesis during cold acclimatization: seasonal changes of the ultrastructure of the carp hepatocyte. | a cell-free system, active in protein synthesis, was constructed using ribosomes and supernatant factors isolated from the livers of winter-acclimatized carps. upon seasonal adaptation, the hepatocytes of these fishes exhibited distinctive morphological features that were not sex dependent. the cytoarchitecture of the liver cell from summer carps is consistent with the cellular arrangements found when the rate of gene expression is high. during winter, several morphological features reveal that ... | 1984 | 6429270 |
| effects of insulin on the fine structure of hepatocytes from winter-acclimatized carps: studies on protein synthesis. | male and female winter-acclimatized carps were injected with insulin. this treatment resulted in a sharp decrease in the liver glycogen content. although an increase in the ribosomal rna level was also observed, a cell-free system obtained from the hormone-treated fish exhibited less amino acid incorporation activity as compared to the control fish. however, polysomes from insulin-treated fish exhibited a higher amino acid incorporating activity when a soluble fraction of untreated winter carps ... | 1984 | 6376692 |
| dielectric studies on the reaction of the intracellular matter of fish red blood cells to detergent toxicity. | results from dielectric studies on the freshwater fish cyprinus carpio exposed to a sublethal concentration of sodium alkyl benzene sulphonate were compared with those from untreated control fish; recovery from the test solution was also checked. the influence of the anionic detergent on the intracellular matter of fish red blood cells was investigated by measurement of electrical conductivity and permittivity using a method that did not harm the cell membrane. the results were compared with a c ... | 1984 | 6330770 |
| a new breeding system using gynogenesis and sex-reversal for fast inbreeding in carp. | a new breeding technique is demonstrated using gynogenesis and sex-reversal. the essence of this method is an adequate alternation of gynogenesis and sibmating with a maximal increase in the coefficient of inbreeding. the rate of this increase considerably exceeds that characteristic of sibmating. the change in the coefficient of inbreeding (f) and in the degree of genotypic identity (i) were determined in the carp in which 9 recombination probabilities are known. in the gs system the value of f ... | 1984 | 24258835 |
| an immunofluorescence study on the occurrence of endogenous lectins in the differentiating oocytes of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix valenc.) and tench (tinca tinca l.). | | 1984 | 6370924 |
| on the sensitivity of h1 horizontal cells of the carp retina to glutamate, aspartate and their agonists. | threshold concentrations for l-glutamate, l-aspartate and their agonists, kainate, quisqualate and n-methyl-d,l-aspartate, were determined for horizontal cells of the intact carp retina and horizontal cells that were enzymatically isolated and maintained in culture. our results indicate that uptake or other mechanisms decrease the apparent sensitivity of these cells in the intact retina to l-glutamate by 25-200 times. our findings also suggest that l-glutamate is more likely a photoreceptor tran ... | 1984 | 6143589 |
| [myxosporidia-caused swimbladder inflammation in carp fry]. | | 1984 | 6428391 |
| electrical and morphological properties of off-center bipolar cells in the carp retina. | electrical membrane properties of carp off-center bipolar cells were studied by injecting a ramp of current (changing at a rate of about 0.3 na/s) through one barrel of a double-barreled electrode and recording the voltage drop through the other barrel. the light-elicited response reversed the polarity at a positive membrane potential. the current-voltage curve showed inward and outward rectifications which modified the amplitude of the light-elicited response. the degree of membrane rectificati ... | 1984 | 6699207 |
| heterogeneity of mitogen-responsive lymphocytes in carp (cyprinus carpio). | peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl) of carp respond in vitro to a variety of phytomitogens, shown to be t-cell specific or b-cell specific in mammalian systems. some basic differences have been observed in the proliferative response of carp pbl to pha (phytohemagglutinin), cona ( concanvalin a) and lps (lipopolysaccharide): (1) the response to pha and cona was found to be highly dependent upon the continuous presence of mitogen in the medium, in contrast to lps, where after the initial stimulation ... | 1984 | 6724093 |
| color fundamentals deduced from carp ganglion cell responses. | retinal ganglion cell responses were used to derive the action spectra (fundamentals) of the photopic color mechanisms in carp. both silencing and chromatic adaptation techniques were used. the former proved to be more successful than the latter, because weak (even subthreshold) dynamic signals in one mechanism (mostly the red) caused strong effects on the other mechanisms. with chromatic adaptation these interacting signals were unavoidable, whereas with the silencing technique the modulation o ... | 1984 | 6719835 |
| ultrastructural evidence for a possible secretory function of merkel cells in the barbels of a teleost fish, cyprinus carpio. | examination of barbels of the carp (cyprinus carpio) revealed cells showing the characteristics of merkel cells. some ultrastructural features of these cells suggest a secretory function. | 1984 | 6713497 |
| fine structure of monoamine-containing basal cells in the taste buds on the barbels of three species of teleosts. | the taste buds on the barbels in three species of teleosts (cyprinus carpio, misgurnus anguillicaudatus, parasilurus asotus) were studied by means of fluorescence- and electron microscopy. intensely yellow-fluorescent cells, which are disk-shaped and located exclusively in a basal position, are observed in the barbel-buds of all fishes examined. the basal cells contain a large number of small clear vesicles approximately 40-60 nm in diameter, which show a tendency to aggregate in the cytoplasm f ... | 1984 | 6713479 |
| [effects of temperature on the horizontal cell potentials (s-potentials) in the perfused isolated retina of carp]. | | 1984 | 6711402 |
| evidence for the existence of an il-2-like lymphocyte growth promoting factor in a bony fish, cyprinus carpio. | activity promoting the growth of carp t-like cells has been found in supernatants of mitogen (pha)- and alloantigen (mlr)-stimulated carp leukocyte cultures. activity level in culture supernatants was elevated by phorbol myristate acetate. proliferation of carp t-like lymphoblasts was also promoted in the presence of il-2-containing supernatants of mammalian origin. the significance of these findings is discussed. | 1984 | 6609852 |
| [on the existence of 2 neuronal populations in the nucleus rotundus of the carp, cyprinus carpio]. | | 1984 | 6545980 |
| receptive field properties of the photopic luminosity horizontal cell of carp retina. | the receptive field of the lehc of the carp's retina is different when tested with red versus green stimuli. the sensitivities to 706 nm vs 519 nm flashes were compared for various size spots centered on the receptive field. full summation (area times intensity equaling a constant at threshold) and greater than full summation were found to occur up to larger diameters of spots with red illumination than with green. a further test was made of the effect of constant background green (502 nm) illum ... | 1984 | 6534018 |
| linear color opponency in carp retinal ganglion cells. | double opponent (i.e. red/green cone opponent in center and surround of the receptive field) ganglion cells in photopic carp retina were studied. it was found that a subclass of these cells (about 30%) was linearly opponent. for these cells the response to stimulation of the receptive field center could be constructed by summation of the responses due to stimulation of the red and green cone components separately. these linear opponent cells had smaller receptive field sizes than the nonlinear d ... | 1984 | 6534009 |
| adaptation of fatty acid composition to temperature--a study on carp (cyprinus carpio l.) liver slices. | liver slices obtained from warm-, and cold-adapted carp were incubated in the presence of [1-14c]sodium acetate, -stearate, -linoleate, and -linolenate at various temperatures and the distribution of radioactivity among different phospholipid fatty acids was determined. relative labelling of saturated fatty acids is reduced, while that of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially of docosahexanoate, is increased with decreasing temperatures. liver slices of cold adapted carp produced a ... | 1984 | 6518757 |
| functional morphology and histology of the olfactory organs of the hill stream carp crossocheilus latius latius (hamilton). | | 1984 | 6489877 |
| the hypothalamo-hypophysial system of the wild carp, cyprinus carpio l. i. structure and ultrastructure of the posterior neurohypophysis. | the posterior neurohypophysis (pnh)-pars intermedia complex of the wild and pond carp, cyprinus carpio l., has been studied by light, fluorescence and electron microscopy. "gomori-positive" neurosecretory fibres are abundant in the main trunk of the neurohypophysis as well as its roots penetrating the pars intermedia. terminals of these fibres are in contact with capillaries of the general circulation and with glandular cells of the pars intermedia. monoaminergic fibres with a weak green fluores ... | 1984 | 6478476 |
| comparison of muscle proteinase activity among fish species. | the effects of temperature during storage, portion of muscle and growth stage of fish on the activity level of carp muscle acid (cathepsin d, ec 3.4.23.5), neutral and alkaline proteinases were examined. icing storage, freezer storage and portion of muscle did not affect each proteinase activity (p less than 0.05), but acid proteinase activity was affected by growth stage (p less than 0.05) and the level decreased from small to large fish. the activity levels of three kinds of proteinases were c ... | 1984 | 6391798 |
| [non-phosphorylative transglycosylation in extracts from white and red muscles of carp (cyprinus carpio l.)]. | the enzymatic, nonphosphorylative reaction of transglycosylation in extracts from white and red muscles of the carp was studied. amylomaltase (ec 2.4.1.25) activity was assayed using p-nitrophenyl-n-maltoside as substrate and the amount of p-nitrophenyl-n-maltotrioside was assumed as a measure of the enzyme activity. the ph and temperature optimum of the reaction was examined. in both types of muscles significant differences in transglycosylative activity and its decrease immediately after prolo ... | 1984 | 6242767 |
| effects of a herbicide on the peroxide metabolism enzymes and lipid peroxidation in carp fish (hypophthalmichthys molitrix). | a study was made of the peroxide metabolism enzymes in carp fish, and of the effects on these of three different concentrations of the herbicide paraquat. mainly the changes in the superoxide dismutase, catalase and lipid peroxidation resembled the changes observed in previous intoxication studies on mammals. | 1984 | 6239479 |
| the mixed leukocyte reaction (mlr) in carp: bidirectional and undirectional mlr responses. | two-way and one-way mixed leukocyte reaction (mlr) was demonstrated in peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl) of carp. primary two-way mlr in randomly selected donor pairs were highly variable. weak primary responses could be strongly augmented by mutual in vivo priming of the reacting donors. one-way mlr was performed using irradiated (16,000 r) allogeneic pbl as stimulators. reciprocal responses of randomly paired donors were usually unequal, suggesting the usefulness of this method for genetic ana ... | 1984 | 6238857 |
| monoclonal antibodies against spermatozoa of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). i. a study germ cell antigens in adult males and females. | eleven monoclonal antibodies that recognize membrane determinants on spermatozoa of the carp cyprinus carpio l. have been produced. indirect immunofluorescence revealed that these determinants are uniformly distributed on the surface of head and midpiece. most of them are also present on the outer membrane of precursor sperm cells. although none of the monoclonal antibodies reacted with carp somatic tissue, five monoclonal antibodies were positive for surface membrane determinants of oogonia and ... | 1984 | 6201282 |
| a comparison of physiological changes in carp, cyprinus carpio, induced by several pollutants at sublethal concentration--ii. the dependency on the temperature. | carp were exposed to 10 different pollutants with sublethal concentrations at 12, 17 or 22 degrees c. the effects on the serum cortisol and glucose levels, the amount of liver and muscle glycogen and the concentration of protein and cholesterol in the serum were examined. the level of serum cortisol and glucose increased, the amount of liver and muscle glycogen decreased and the protein and cholesterol concentration were reduced after exposure to the pollutants. the cortisol and glucose response ... | 1984 | 6149876 |
| a technique for the determination of the available oxygen in living carp (cyprinus carpio) muscle. | a polarographic method for the measurement of the available oxygen in the muscle of living carp by the use of a platinum microelectrode is proposed. the oxygen and the reference electrodes were assembled in a single insertion piece which was implanted in the muscle of a living carp maintained in a special experimental chamber. curves for normal oxygen levels corresponding to air-saturated water, as well as to a carbogene-saturated water, were obtained. the method can be considered adequate for t ... | 1984 | 6149042 |
| some properties of monoamine oxidase in carp heart. | studies using clorgyline, deprenyl and semicarbazide as inhibitors showed that carp heart homogenate contained a new type of monoamine oxidase (mao) and a clorgyline- and deprenyl-resistant amine oxidase (crao). the deamination of monoamines by carp heart mao proceeded in two steps by a double-displacement (ping-pong) mechanism. the km values of the mao for oxygen (k0 values) with tyramine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) and beta-phenylethylamine (pea) as substrates were identical (59 microm). | 1984 | 6146456 |
| studies on the properties of glucose-6-phosphatase from carp liver microsomes (cyprinus carpio l.). | the effects of temperature and ph on the phosphohydrolase activity of carp hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase (ec 3.1.3.9) have been investigated. the enzyme activity was maximum at about 308 k and in the ph range 5-6.5. the apparent michaelis constant (km) and vmax of the reaction with glucose-6-phosphate were found to be 14.8 mm and 2.27 nmol/min/mg protein. the enzyme activity was partly inhibited by edta, while in the presence of sufficient pcmb virtually total inhibition was observed. | 1984 | 6086228 |
| cellular types in the gill arch of the teleost cyprinus carpio (cyprinidae, pisces). a histochemical and ultrastructural study. | on adult specimens of the common carp (cyprinus carpio), we have carried out a histochemical and ultrastructural study of the epithelia which form the gill arch. secondary lamellae have two cellular types, granular and mucous, which produce neutral carbohydrates and proteins rich in tryptophane, and another mucous cell type which contains glycosaminoglycans. in gill rakers, three cellular types show different histochemical behaviour: 1) granular cells elaborate neutral mucosubstances; 2) a secon ... | 1984 | 6083775 |
| calcium binding proteins: optical stopped-flow and proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the binding of the lanthanide series of metal ions to parvalbumin. | optical stopped-flow techniques have been used to determine the dissociation rate constants (koff) for the lanthanide(iii) ions from carp (pi 4.25) parvalbumin. for most of the 13 different lanthanides studied, the release kinetics were diphasic, composed of both a fast phase (whose rate varied across the series, la3+ leads to lu3+, between the limits -1.2 less than or equal to log kfast less than or equal to -0.7) and a slower phase (whose rate varied across the series, la3+ leads to lu3+, betw ... | 1983 | 6661415 |
| [value of ms associated factors for test procedures in multiple sclerosis: 1. carp's ms associated agent in the serum]. | the determination of multiple sclerosis-associated factors in serum is grounded on the conception that there exist virus-like particles with a special predicative value for diagnosis. a test system, elaborated by carp, is basing on the reduction of neutrophilic granulocytes in peripheral blood of mice by a ms-associated agent (msaa) of serum, cerebrospinal fluid, brain and other organs of ms-patients. several groups and the present investigators did not always receive constantly positive finding ... | 1983 | 6669653 |
| a simple method for collecting 14co2 in fish. | a simple apparatus was designed for continuous collection of excreted 14co2 in fish. carp (cyprinus carpio; body wt. about 400 g) were intraarterially injected with [14c]acetate (44 mmol) and transferred to a test chamber (21 +/- 1 degrees c). within 48 h, 65.4 +/- 2.7% of the dose was recovered as 14co2. a small amount of 14co2 was retained in the water of the test chamber. control experiments using [14c]acetate-injected mice as '14co2-generators' showed that this 14c residue in the water could ... | 1983 | 6419401 |
| mechanism of the water response in carp gustatory receptors: independent generation of the water response from the salt response. | the carp gustatory responses to various salts and those to distilled water after adaptation of the receptors to the salts were recorded from the palatine nerve under varying conditions. (a) as far as na4fe(cn)6 solution prepared freshly was used, any peak in the dose-response curve was not observed, while the solution stored overnight induced a large peak response at the low concentration region as konishi reported. the magnitude of the water response after adaptation to the stored solution was ... | 1983 | 6640337 |
| effects of osmolality and potassium on motility of spermatozoa from freshwater cyprinid fishes. | spermatozoa of freshwater cyprinidae (goldfish, carp, crucian carp and dace) remained immotile when the semen was diluted in solutions of nacl, kcl, mannitol or glucose iso-osmolar to the seminal plasma (300 mosmol kg-1). the spermatozoa became motile in media containing these solutes if the osmolality was lower than that of the seminal plasma, suggesting that motility is suppressed by the osmolality of the seminal plasma in the sperm duct and initiated by a decrease of osmolality upon spawning ... | 1983 | 6421979 |
| effect of acclimation temperature on intraerythrocytic acid-base balance and nucleoside triphosphates in the carp, cyprinus carpio. | in carp acclimated to 20 degrees c or 10 degrees c intraerythrocytic ph (phi) and plasma ph (phe) were determined in vitro after equilibration with co2 in either o2 or n2. atp and gtp were determined with an enzymatic assay described in detail. the relationship between phi, phe and oxygen saturation was not affected by the acclimation temperature and was (phi-6.10) = (0.853-0.159 x s) x (phe-6.21) there was a slight but significant decrease in atp at 20 degrees c. apparent buffer values were aff ... | 1983 | 6420857 |
| [phylogenesis of steroid-transport proteins in the blood: detection and characteristics of the sex-steroid-binding protein in the blood plasma of the carp]. | the interaction of 3h-5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, 3h-progesterone, 3h-cortisol and 3h-testosterone with the cyprinus carpio blood proteins was studied by means of adsorption on the activated charcoal and equilibrium dialysis. protein which specifically binds androgen-, estradiol-, progesterone- and, to a lesser degree, corticosteroids was present in the blood plasma. the equilibrium constants of 3h-steroid association with this protein, the concentration off steroid-binding sites and its hormon ... | 2016 | 6419223 |
| effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide and other peptides on cyclic amp accumulation in intact pieces and isolated horizontal cells of the teleost retina. | the effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) and several other peptides have been examined on cyclic amp accumulation in intact pieces and isolated horizontal cells of the teleost (carp) retina. vip was the most effective peptide examined, inducing a dose-related response, and an approximately fivefold increase in cyclic amp production when used at a concentration of 10 microm. porcine histidine isoleucine-containing peptide and secretin, peptides structurally related to vip, also stimulat ... | 1983 | 6194261 |
| treatment of ornamental koi carp (cyprinus carpio) infected with anchor worms (lernaea cyprinacea). | | 1983 | 6649375 |
| characterization of the 42-s nucleoprotein particles of cyprinus carpio oocytes. | previtellogenic oocytes of the fish cyprinus carpio contain 42s nucleoprotein particles that are composed of two proteins of molecular weights 48,500 and 39,300 (molar ratio 2:1), trna and 5s rna (molar ratio 3:1). the trna population embodied in the 42s particle contains all amino acid acceptor species but their distribution differs from that found in trna from mature oocytes. | 1983 | 6679738 |
| inhibition of carp liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase by some commonly-used detergents. | the inhibitory effects of some detergents commonly used in biochemical research on carp liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase were examined. sodium dodecylsulfate, octyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside, sodium cholate and triton x-100 at relatively low concentrations caused strong dose-dependent inhibition of the activity towards tyramine, but digitonin caused only weak inhibition. sodium dodecylsulfate, octyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside and sodium cholate caused almost complete inhibition of activity in the ... | 1983 | 6645111 |
| molecular mechanisms of odor sensing. vi. some biochemical characteristics of a possible receptor for amino acids from the olfactory epithelium of the skate dasyatis pastinaca and carp cyprinus carpio. | the 25 000 x g pellet of skate and carp olfactory tissue was found to contain structures with high affinity for amino acids (kd approximately 10(-10) m). results from competition experiments suggest that a multiplicity of types of olfactory binding sites exists in the skate and carp. some parameters of a possible receptor for amino acids were evaluated. the isoelectric point of these sites solubilized with triton x-100 was 5.35 and the molecular weight was about 120 000-150 000. | 1983 | 6882801 |
| use of lanthanide-induced nuclear magnetic resonance shifts for determination of protein structure in solution: ef calcium binding site of carp parvalbumin. | the binding of the paramagnetic lanthanide ion ytterbium to the calcium binding protein carp parvalbumin results in a series of 1h nmr resonances which are shifted far outside the envelope of the 1h nmr spectrum of the diamagnetic form of the protein; bound yb3+ also induces shifts in the 13c nmr spectrum of parvalbumin and in the 113cd nmr spectrum of cadmium-substituted parvalbumin. the interpretation of these lanthanide-shifted resonances in terms of the structure of the protein surrounding t ... | 1983 | 6626506 |
| role of cations in olfactory reception. | the effects of changed ionic environments on the olfactory responses in the carp, the rainbow trout, and the bullfrog were examined by recording the stimulant-induced waves from the olfactory bulb. (a) application of stimulants (various species of amino acids and beta-ionone) dissolved in deionized water to the edta-treated olfactory epithelium of the carp did not induce any response. the addition of various species of salts to the stimulating solution reversibly restored the response. (b) the r ... | 1983 | 6605175 |
| vasoactive intestinal peptide alters membrane potential and cyclic nucleotide levels in retinal horizontal cells. | vasoactive intestinal peptide stimulated the synthesis of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in fractions of isolated carp horizontal cells. when applied extracellularly to isolated and cultured horizontal cells, the peptide also induced a slow depolarization (30 to 40 millivolts) accompanied by a decrease in membrane resistance. however, analogs of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate applied extracellularly or intracellularly, and forscolin applied extracellularly, had no effect on the membrane potential ... | 1983 | 6308770 |
| [electric parameters of the l-type horizontal cell layer in the carp retina]. | the inner longitudinal resistance of the l-type horizontal cell syncytium in the carp retina ranges from 1.5 x 10(5) to 7,4 x 10(5) ohm. the static resistance of the nonsynaptic membrane at the potential level corresponding to the bright light ranges from 2,5 x 10(3) to 19 x 10(3) ohm . cm2 i.e. comparable with membrane resistances of many neurons recently investigated. depolarization increases the resistance in 3,5 divided by 21 times up to 16 x 10(3) divided by 69.10(3) ohm . cm2. measured val ... | 2006 | 6639967 |
| the dynamics of the steroidogenic response of perfused xenopus testis explants to gonadotropins. | the dynamics of androgen production by perfused xenopus testis explants has been investigated under various gonadotropic stimulations. androgens were measured in perfusate by radioimmunoassay. the behavior of hormones in the perfusion system was assessed. pieces of testis were capable of producing androgens after more than 20 hr in perifusion. amplitude and duration of the response to a gonadotropic stimulation were the same 3 and 10 hr after the beginning of the experiment. after stimulation by ... | 1983 | 6628970 |
| high-pressure liquid chromatographic separation of a mixture of corticosteroids, androgens, and progestins. | fifteen steroids including corticosteroids, androgens, progestins, and their derivatives were completely separated by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography on a chemcopak 7 ods-h column in 50 min. the elution procedures were first with water:methanol:acetonitrile:isopropanol 55:32:6.5:7.5 (v/v) for 15 min and followed with a linear gradient elution for 35 min from 0 to 80% of water:methanol:n-butanol 40:40:20 (v/v). the applicability of this method was successfully demonstrated in th ... | 1983 | 6625598 |
| [gill structure in healthy carp]. | when the gills of carp are studied, this organ should be evaluated from there planes of projection: sagittal, transversal and horizontal. lamellae, the functional base of the gills, provide the exchange of oxygen between blood and water. lamellae consist of a network of sinuses with a skeleton formed by columnar cells and with walls constituted by the cytoplasmic processes of these cells. on the outer side the sinuses are covered with one or two layers of flat epithelial cells. the gill filament ... | 1983 | 6417877 |
| an optical stopped-flow and 1h and 113cd nuclear magnetic resonance study of the kinetics and stoichiometry of the interaction of the lanthanide yb3+ with carp parvalbumin. | the rate constants for the dissociation of the lanthanide yb3+ from the cd and ef calcium-binding sites of carp parvalbumin (isoelectric point, 4.25) have been measured using optical stopped-flow and 1h nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) methods. the off-rate constants for yb3+ are 1.5 x 10(-1) and 1.3 x 10(-3) s-1, respectively, at ph 6.6 and 23 degrees c. the relative displacement of ca2+ from the two sites by yb3+ was determined from the observed amplitude of the fast and slow kinetic phases. y ... | 1983 | 6627097 |
| the effect of temperature on physiological changes in carp, cyprinus carpio l., induced by phenol. | carp were exposed to four sublethal phenol concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10 mg/liter) at two temperatures (12 and 17 degrees c). blood and tissue samples were taken after various periods (1-72 hr) of exposure. for each period controls were taken. serum concentrations of glucose, cortisol, protein, cholesterol, and triglycerides were determined. parallelly, the liver glycogen content and the relation of wet and dry weight of the white epaxial muscle were measured. no general significant differe ... | 1983 | 6617564 |
| an intracellular study of the optic tectum of the carp in vitro. | intracellular recordings were performed on the optic tectum of the carp in vitro. thick brain sections were prepared and the optic tract was electrically stimulated. epsps of 72 cells in stratum fibrosum et griseum superficiale, stratum griseum centrale and stratum album centrale were examine. monosynaptic epsps were recorded from 19 cells in stratum fibrosum et griseum centrale and stratum griseum centrale, which was consistent with anatomical findings. | 1983 | 6310457 |
| new aspects on the 'rodlet cell' in teleosts. | the enigmatic rodlet cells, hitherto interpreted mainly as unidentified parasitic stages ('rhabdospora thélohani') or as a sort of secretory cell, have been studied with electron microscopical and histochemical methods in three teleost species (cyprinus carpio l., tinca tinca l., salmo gairdneri rich.). the typical inclusions, the rodlets, consist of a dense core and a less dense cortex, with a coarse flocculent outer zone. the latter shows a positive reaction for neutral polysaccharides respect ... | 1983 | 6876223 |
| a gaba antagonist, bicuculline, exerts its uncoupling action on external horizontal cells through dopamine cells in carp retina. | external horizontal cells in isolated retinas of the carp (cyprinus carpio) were intracellularly recorded and marked with the fluorescent dye lucifer yellow (ly). these cells are electrically coupled via gap junctions, so that the injected dye normally diffused to neighboring cells. a gaba antagonist, bicuculline (bcc, 20 microm), applied to the vitreous fluid beneath the isolated retina, altered the spatial properties of light-induced responses, by increasing the amplitude of responses to centr ... | 1983 | 6310453 |
| sunburn lesions in koi carp. | | 1983 | 6879972 |
| ultrastructural immunocytochemistry of growth hormone cells in the goldfish pituitary gland. | the immunocytological activity of an antiserum to carp growth hormone was studied on the goldfish pituitary gland, using a peroxidase-antiperoxidase ultrastructural technique. the reaction was specific for secretory granules in cells in the proximal pars distalis categorized as growth hormone cells on the basis of ultrastructural characteristics. the results support the specificity of the antiserum for growth hormone and provide firm identification of the growth hormone cells in goldfish. | 1983 | 6350103 |
| development and validation of a carp growth hormone radioimmunoassay. | purified growth hormone (gh), isolated from pituitary glands of the common carp (cyprinus carpio), was shown to have biochemical and immunological properties in common with other teleost gh preparations. intraperitoneal injections of the carp gh, at a dose of 1 microgram/g body wt, resulted in significant increases in body weight in goldfish. in addition, the carp gh was used to prepare an antiserum for the development of a radioimmunoassay (ria). the displacement curves for serum from goldfish ... | 1983 | 6193032 |
| effect of acclimation temperature on oxygen transport in the blood of the carp, cyprinus carpio. | the temperature dependence of the o2 equilibrium in whole blood was measured in carp acclimated for more than 3 weeks at 10 degrees c or 20 degrees c water temperature. o2 combining curves were obtained for the same samples at 10 degrees c or 20 degrees c using blood from the 10 degrees c or 20 degrees c acclimated fish (group a) or only at the acclimation temperature (group b). whereas in group b the p50 was about the same at both temperatures, in group a p50 was higher at 20 degrees c than at ... | 1983 | 6878907 |
| immunocytochemical identification of the prolactin-secreting cells in the teleost pituitary with an antiserum to chum salmon prolactin. | an antiserum raised to highly purified chum salmon (oncorhynchus keta) prolactin (sprl) was used to identify prolactin-producing cells in the adenohypophysis of 15 species of teleosts by the immunocytochemical peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. in the chum salmon, the only pituitary cells that reacted with sprl antibody were the prl cells organized as follicular structures in the rostral pars distalis. when the antiserum was absorbed with sprl, on the other hand, no immunoreactive cell was observ ... | 1983 | 6862175 |
| the role of the retinal interplexiform cell: effects of 6-hydroxydopamine on the spatial properties of carp horizontal cells. | | 1983 | 6405977 |
| induction of melanization in primary cultures of dermal cells from xanthic goldfish scale by adrenocorticotropic hormone and goldfish or red carp serum. | | 1983 | 6301695 |
| carp as a source of eicosapentaenoic acid. | | 1983 | 6132079 |
| [electrophysiological study of olfactory sensitivity in the carp]. | responses of single olfactory tract fibers cut off from prosencephalon to adequate stimulation of the carp olfactory epithelium revealed that the threshold sensitivity to aminoacids fell in the range between 10(-12) and 10(-10) m, that the magnitude and the form of the response depended on the concentration and type of stimulus as well as on the level of background activity. the results are compared with the biochemical data obtained earlier. | 1983 | 6406277 |
| [growth and feed consumption of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) with different protein and energy supply. 2. weight gain, feed conversion, protein and energy consumption]. | | 1983 | 6845894 |
| [growth and feed consumption of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) with different protein and energy supply. 1. experimental design, ration composition, digestibility]. | | 1983 | 6845893 |
| respiratory responses to stimulation of branchial vagus nerve ganglia of a teleost fish. | the effects of electrical stimulation of epibranchial vagus ganglia upon respiration of the carp were investigated. single shocks evoked fast twitch responses in a number of respiratory muscles with latencies around 18 msec to the beginning and 30-35 msec to the peak of activity. shocks given during abduction decreased the respiratory cycle duration by shortening abduction and accelerating adduction. stimuli given throughout most of adduction also shortened the respiratory cycle, accelerating th ... | 1983 | 6844758 |
| [potentiation by pimozide of the effects of lhrh-a on hypophyseal gonadotropin secretion, ovulation and spermiation in the common carp (cyprinus carpio)]. | during the reproductive season in august, we administered to adult male and female carp an lhrh analog (lhrh-a = d-trp6ea-lhrh) (50 micrograms/kg) alone or in association with pimozide, a dopamine inhibitor (10 mg/kg). lhrh-a caused the circulating portal level of gonadotropin to rise significantly in males and less in females. spermiation was stimulated in the males and oocyte maturation in females but there was no ovulation. an infection of pimozide and then of lhrh-a 6 h later significantly i ... | 1983 | 6405982 |
| management, nutrition and housing of farmed fish. | to obtain optimum production in fish farming the oxygen level, ph and temperature of the water are important as well as proper feeding. various systems ranging from extensive to intensive are used for holding fish. in the uk salmonid fish are farmed most commonly. the different methods used for farming carp, turbot, eels and shellfish as well as trout and salmon are described. | 1983 | 6829155 |
| dopamine modulates s-potential amplitude and dye-coupling between external horizontal cells in carp retina. | horizontal cells in the fish retina are electrically coupled and possess gap junctions so that intracellularly injected dye normally diffuses freely to neighbouring cells. applied dopamine (da) alters the spatial properties of the horizontal cell responses to light, increasing the amplitude of photopic l-type s-potentials but decreasing their lateral spread. these effects have been attributed to the action of da on horizontal cell membrane resistance, particularly at the gap junctions, and our p ... | 1983 | 6401844 |
| [free and peptide amino acid composition in the seminal fluid of the carp (cyprinus carpio)]. | free and peptidic amino acids were measured in the seminal plasma of carp. some acids such as glutamic acid and glutamine, taurine, glycine and proline were exceptionally abundant, while others like lysine, arginine and histidine were found in small amounts. generally, the amino acid level was higher in carp seminal plasma than in that of other vertebrate species. as this level was systematically higher than in the blood plasma, it is supposed that there was neoformation of an original fluid in ... | 1983 | 6404512 |
| discrete nonlinear reduction model for horizontal cell response in the carp retina. | in this paper we present a new model for the spatial behavior of the external horizontal cells in the carp retina which elucidates more precisely the mechanisms of their intercellular connections. the area and intensity effects of a brief light stimulus on the l-type response were recorded and analysed. we discovered clear nonlinearities in the behavior of the response which could not be explained by the simple summative model presently accepted. proposed here is a new model, the spatial reducti ... | 1983 | 6880039 |
| synaptic organization of the indoleamine-accumulating neurons in the cyprinid retina. | the distribution and synaptic connections of the indoleamine-accumulating neurons in the retinae of the goldfish and carp were studied by means of fluorescence and electron microscopy. the indoleamine-accumulating neurons were visualized after intravitreal injection and uptake of the indoleamine 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine. this labeling procedure produced a characteristic yellow fluorescence of the indoleamine-accumulating neurons and also characteristic ultrastructural changes in these cells. to a ... | 1983 | 6850750 |
| postprandial metabolic changes in larval and juvenile carp (cyprinus carpio). | ammonia-nitrogen excretion and oxygen consumption rates after a meal were followed in carp larvae and juveniles of different sizes, starting from early exogenous feeding and until they had reached about 1 g of body weight. there was an immediate rise in the nitrogen excretion rate after feeding; the amplitude and duration of this increase were affected by body weight (bw) and the amount of nitrogen consumed (ni) and could be described by the equation: 37.61 bw-0.311 ni0.802. endogenous nitrogen ... | 1983 | 6844717 |
| regional difference in density of monoamine-accumulating cells of carp and catfish retinas. | by means of a histofluorescence technique, a comparative study was conducted on the regional density of dopaminergic (da) and indoleamine-accumulating (ia) cells in carp (cyprinus carpio) and catfish (ictalurus punctatus) retinas. in order to enhance detection of fluorescent cells, noradrenaline (na; 5.0 micrograms) or a mixture of na (2.5 micrograms) and 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-dht; 2.5 micrograms) was intravitreally injected into the eyes 2-3 hr before enucleation. da and ia cells were co ... | 1983 | 6842627 |
| tegmental neurons controlling medullary respiratory centre activity in the carp. | the dorsal mesencephalic tegmentum of the carp was explored for respiratory rhythmic neurons. the properties of two types of neurons which could be distinguished on the grounds of their firing pattern and their behaviour during paralysis and electrical stimulation were analysed. one group is involved in the control of a special type of respiration called bout-respiration and besides influences the frequency of the respiratory rhythm. the other group can modulate the output of the motor neurons o ... | 1983 | 6836201 |
| ethambutol changes the color coding of carp retinal ganglion cells reversibly. | the influence of ethambutol on retinal function was studied by recording ganglion cell responses in isolated carp retinas superfused with a ringer solution containing different concentrations of ethambutol (0 mg/liter, 10 mg/liter, 20 mg/liter, 30 mg/liter). the results indicate that ethambutol reversibly affects color opponency, without changing the sensitivity of the underlying receptor processes. the amacrine and bipolar cells are the most likely candidates to be affected by ethambutol. | 1983 | 6826308 |