| the influence of 5-azacytidine on the condensation of the short arm of rye chromosome 1r in triticum aestivum l. root tip meristematic nuclei. | this paper describes the effects of 5-azacytidine on the condensation state of rye (secale cereale l.) chromatin introduced into the wheat genome (triticum aestivum l. cv. beaver). the wheat cultivar beaver carries a translocation between the short arm of rye chromosome 1r (1rs) and the long arm of wheat chromosome 1b (1bl/1rs). 1rs can be detected using genomic in situ hybridisation and carries a ribosomal dna (rdna) locus that can be simultaneously detected using multiple labelling strategies. ... | 1997 | 9426280 |
| re-aeration following hypoxia or anoxia leads to activation of the antioxidative defense system in roots of wheat seedlings | the response of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle was investigated in roots of young wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings that were deprived of oxygen either by subjecting them to root hypoxia or to entire plant anoxia and then re-aerated. although higher total levels of ascorbate and glutathione were observed under hypoxia, only the total amount of ascorbate was increased under anoxia. under both treatments a significant increase in the reduced form of ascorbate and glutathione was found, resul ... | 1998 | 9490765 |
| genetic diversity in australian wheat varieties and breeding material based on rflp data. | restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) have been used to characterise the genetic diversity of wheat (triticum aestivum) germplasm. one hundred and twenty-four accessions comprising all major australian wheat varieties and lines important for breeding purposes were assayed for rflps with clones of known genetic location and selected to give uniform genome coverage. the objectives of this study were to determine rflp-based genetic similarity between accessions and to derive association ... | 1998 | 24710883 |
| mechanism of calcium ion induced multilamellar vesicle-dna interaction. | the effect of ca2+ on the dna interaction with anionic and neutral multilamellar vesicles (mlv) has been investigated. dna from wheat (triticum aestivum l. gerek) was introduced to a suspension of mlv, composed of phosphatidylcholine (pc):dicetylphosphate (dcp):cholesterol (chol) at different molar ratios, to which ca2+ (5-75 mm) was subsequently added. indication of aggregation and/or fusion was obtained via light-scattering examination following the addition of ca2+ and dna to the mlv medium. ... | 2013 | 9463807 |
| plastid-localized acetyl-coa carboxylase of bread wheat is encoded by a single gene on each of the three ancestral chromosome sets. | 5'-end fragments of two genes encoding plastid-localized acetyl-coa carboxylase (accase; ec 6.4.1.2) of wheat (triticum aestivum) were cloned and sequenced. the sequences of the two genes, acc-1,1 and acc-1,2, are 89% identical. their exon sequences are 98% identical. the amino acid sequence of the biotin carboxylase domain encoded by acc-1,1 and acc-1,2 is 93% identical with the maize plastid accase but only 80-84% identical with the cytosolic accases from other plants and from wheat. four over ... | 1997 | 9391173 |
| transformation of wheat with high molecular weight subunit genes results in improved functional properties. | the high molecular weight (hmw) subunits of wheat glutenin are major determinants of the elastic properties of gluten that allow the use of wheat doughs to make bread, pasta, and a range of other foods. there are both quantitative and qualitative effects of hmw subunits on the quality of the grain, the former being related to differences in the number of expressed hmw subunit genes. we have transformed bread wheat in order to increase the proportions of the hmw subunits and improve the functiona ... | 1997 | 9359115 |
| binding and electrostatic attraction of lanthanum (la3+) and aluminum (al3+) to wheat root plasma membranes. | a general model for the sorption of trivalent cations to wheat-root (triticum aestivum l cv. scout 66) plasma membranes (pm) has been developed and includes the first published coefficients for la3+ and al3+ binding to a biological membrane. both ions are rhizotoxic, and the latter ion is the principal contributor to the toxicity of acidic soils around the world. the model takes into account both the electrostatic attraction and the binding of cations to the negatively charged pm surface. ion bi ... | 1997 | 9312213 |
| construction of midget chromosomes in wheat. | to test the usefulness of breakage-fusion-bridge (bfb) cycles in generating new chromosome aberrations in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and to extend the range of aberrations available, a series of midget chromosomes was produced from the long arm of chromosome 1b. using a reverse tandem duplication initiated chromatid type bfb cycle, the 1bl arm was broken and fused with centromeres of either chromosome 5bl or 1rs to form dicentric chromosomes. the 1r and 5b centromeres were broken by cent ... | 1997 | 18464847 |
| chromosome doubling of haploids of common wheat with caffeine. | treatment of dividing plant cells with caffeine inhibits their cytokinesis, thereby inducing the formation of binucleate cells that contain polyploid nuclei. this study was undertaken to determine whether caffeine treatments would induce chromosome doubling and seed set in haploids of common wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell.) through the further development of diploid nuclei. ten sterile wheat haploid plants, obtained through the agency of corn (zea mays l.) pollination, were multiplied by ... | 1997 | 18464846 |
| aflp fingerprinting reveals pattern differences between template dna extracted from different plant organs. | aflp (amplified fragment length polymorphism) fingerprinting of cultivars of bread wheat (triticum aestivum) and some of its wild relatives has allowed the efficient detection of large numbers of polymorphic amplified fragments. while the reproducibility of fingerprints in repeated experiments is high, pattern differences were observed between fingerprints obtained from seed and leaf dna template from the same wheat accession. these distinct organ specific amplified dna fragments were shown to b ... | 1997 | 18464843 |
| mechanosensitive expression of a lipoxygenase gene in wheat. | touch stimulation of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings led to a strong and dose-dependent increase in the level of lipoxygenase mrna transcripts. the touch-induced response occurred within 1 h and was transient. a similar response was observed after wind treatment and wounding. the mechanical strain-regulated lipoxygenase might translate mechanical strain into lipoxygenase pathway-dependent growth responses. | 1997 | 9276964 |
| photomorphogenesis, photosynthesis, and seed yield of wheat plants grown under red light-emitting diodes (leds) with and without supplemental blue lighting. | red light-emitting diodes (leds) are a potential light source for growing plants in spaceflight systems because of their safety, small mass and volume, wavelength specificity, and longevity. despite these attractive features, red leds must satisfy requirements for plant photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis for successful growth and seed yield. to determine the influence of gallium aluminium arsenide (gaalas) red leds on wheat photomorphogenesis, photosynthesis, and seed yield, wheat (triticum a ... | 1997 | 11541074 |
| cdna structure and expression patterns of a low-temperature-specific wheat gene tacr7. | the low-temperature (2 degrees c)-specific wheat cdna, ptacr7, represents a gene designated tacr7 from hard red winter wheat (hrww; triticum aestivum l. cv. winoka). the term low-temperature-specific (lts) is used because tacr7 is not induced by aba or stresses such as salt, dehydration, and heat. ptacr7 was isolated by rt-pcr with mrna from wheat crown tissue, the oligonucleotide primers derived from the barley cognate phvcr8 (genbank accession number l28091). based on the deduced amino acid se ... | 1997 | 9247545 |
| aluminum activates an anion channel in the apical cells of wheat roots. | we describe an anion channel in the plasmalemma of protoplasts isolated from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) roots that is activated by aluminum (al3+). in the whole-cell configuration, addition of 20-50 microm alcl3 to the external solution depolarized the membrane and activated an inward current that could remain active for more than 60 min. the activation by al3+ was rapid in 20% of protoplasts examined, whereas in another 30% a delay of more than 10 min occurred after al3+ was added. once the c ... | 1997 | 11038549 |
| accumulation of 19-kda plasma membrane polypeptide during induction of freezing tolerance in wheat suspension-cultured cells by abscisic acid. | suspension-cultured cells derived from immature embryos of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. chihoku) were used in experiments designed to obtain clues to the mechanism of the aba-induced development of freezing tolerance. cultured cells treated with 50 microm aba for 5 d at 23 degrees c acquired the maximum level of freezing tolerance (lt50; -21.6 degrees c). the increased freezing tolerance of aba-treated cells was closely associated with the remarkable accumulation of 19-kda polypeptides ... | 1997 | 9249988 |
| electrophoretic characterisation of fractions collected from gluten protein extracts subjected to size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography. | the electrophoretic analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page; reduced and unreduced) of fractions, collected from a size exclusion-high performance liquid chromatography (se-hplc) separation of gluten proteins using a column with pore size of around 400a, showed clear resolution for the seven elution ranges studied in two australian bread wheat lines. polymeric proteins - high molecular weight (hmw) glutenin subunits, low molecular weight (lmw) glutenin sub ... | 1997 | 9237556 |
| alloplasmic wheats with aegilops crassa cytoplasm which express photoperiod-sensitive homeotic transformations of anthers, show alterations in mitochondrial dna structure and transcription. | alloplasmic wheat. triticum aestivum cv. norin 26, with aegilops crassa cytoplasm, shows photoperiod-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterility (pcms). this alloplasmic line expresses pistillody of anthers only when grown in long-day conditions (> 15 h light). to assess the molecular basis of the pcms, we carried out southern and northern hybridization analyses on mitochondrial dnas and rnas isolated from seedlings of alloplasmic lines showing various pcms phenotypes using probes for twelve mitochondr ... | 1997 | 9230898 |
| expression of a wheat adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase gene during development of normal and water-stress-affected anthers. | in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), water deficit during meiosis in the microspore mother cells (mmcs) induces pollen abortion, resulting in the failure of fertilization and a reduction in grain set. in stressed plants, meiosis in mmcs proceeds normally but subsequent pollen development is arrested. unlike normal pollen grains, which accumulate starch during the late maturation phase, stress-affected anthers contain pollen grains with little or no starch. stress also alters the normal distribution ... | 1997 | 9225855 |
| an electron paramagnetic resonance spin-probe study of membrane-permeability changes with seed aging. | we developed an electron paramagnetic resonance spin-probe technique to study changes in the barrier properties of plasma membranes in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seeds during aging under dry storage. the estimation of these barrier properties was based on the differential permeability of membranes for the stable free radical 4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy and the broadening agent ferricyanide. the line-height ratio between the water and lipid components in the electron paramagnetic ... | 1997 | 12223711 |
| al-induced, 51-kilodalton, membrane-bound proteins are associated with resistance to al in a segregating population of wheat. | incorporation of 35s into protein is reduced by exposure to al in wheat (triticum aestivum), but the effects are genotype-specific. exposure to 10 to 75 [mu]m al had little effect on 35s incorporation into total protein, nuclear and mitochondrial protein, microsomal protein, and cytosolic protein in the al-resistant cultivar pt741. in contrast, 10 [mu]m al reduced incorporation by 21 to 38% in the al-sensitive cultivar katepwa, with effects becoming more pronounced (31-62%) as concentrations of ... | 1997 | 12223709 |
| dna markers linked to a t10 loose smut resistance gene in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | screening for loose smut resistance in wheat is difficult. selecting lines with dna markers linked to loose smut resistance would be more reliable and less costly. molecular markers linked to a race t10 loose smut resistance gene were identified using a f6 single seed descent segregating population. a rapd marker and a rflp marker were located on opposite flanks of the resistance gene and were shown to be loosely linked. the rapd marker was converted to a user friendly polymorphic scar marker th ... | 1997 | 18464816 |
| direct evaluation of the ca2+-displacement hypothesis for al toxicity. | one explanation for al toxicity in plants suggests that al displaces ca2+ from critical sites in the apoplasm. we evaluated the ca2+-displacement hypothesis directly using near-isogenic lines of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) that differ in al tolerance at a single locus. we measured both the growth and total accumulation (apoplasmic plus symplasmic) of 45ca and al into roots that had been exposed to al alone or to al with other cations. root growth in the al-sensitive line was found to be severel ... | 1997 | 12223678 |
| variation in transformation frequencies among six common wheat cultivars through particle bombardment of scutellar tissues. | the transformation technique in common wheat has already been established by using microprojectile bombardment and scutellar tissues of immature embryos. in this study, in vitro culture response of immature embryos and the production of transgenic wheat plants were examined in six common wheat cultivars, i.e., chinese spring, akadaruma, haruhikari, shiroganekomugi, norin 12, and norin 61. in all genotypes, more than seven hundred immature embryos were bombarded with a plasmid containing a bialap ... | 1997 | 9265734 |
| the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase is fragmented into 37-kda and 16-kda polypeptides by active oxygen in the lysates of chloroplasts from primary leaves of wheat. | lysates of chloroplasts isolated from wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. aoba) leaves were incubated on ice (ph 5.7) for 0 to 60 min in light (15 mumol quanta m-2 s-1), and degradation of the large subunit (lsu) of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco: ec 4.1.1.39) was analyzed by applying immunoblotting with site-specific antibodies against the n-terminal, internal, and c-terminal amino acid sequences of the lsu of wheat rubisco. the most dominant product of the breakdown of th ... | 1997 | 9177033 |
| molecular structure of a wheat chromosome end healed after gametocidal gene-induced breakage. | in the progeny of the monosomic addition line of common wheat, triticum aestivum, carrying the gametocidal chromosome of aegilops cylindrica, deletion chromosomes carrying the break point within the nucleolar organizing region of chromosome 1b appeared. attempts were made to amplify the break points by pcr using primers of telomere and rdna (rrna gene). in one deletion line, specific amplification of dna fragments including the 18s rrna gene, telomere repeats, and their junction occurred. at the ... | 1997 | 9096359 |
| the development and meiotic behavior of asymmetrical isochromosomes in wheat. | to determine which segments of a chromosome arm are responsible for the initiation of chiasmate pairing in meiosis, a series of novel isochromosomes was developed in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). these isochromosomes are deficient for different terminal segments in the two arms. it is proposed to call them "asymmetrical." meiotic metaphase i pairing of these asymmetrical isochromosomes was observed in plants with various doses of normal and deficient arms. the two arms of an asymmetric ... | 1997 | 9093866 |
| osmotic stress suppresses cell wall stiffening and the increase in cell wall-bound ferulic and diferulic acids in wheat coleoptiles. | the relationship between the mechanical properties of cell walls and the levels of wall-bound ferulic (fa) and diferulic (dfa) acids was investigated in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) coleoptiles grown under osmotic stress (60 mm polyethylene glycol [peg] 4000) conditions. the cell walls of stressed coleoptiles remained extensible compared with those of the unstressed ones. the contents of wall-bound fa and dfa increased under unstressed conditions, but the increase was substantially reduced by os ... | 1997 | 12223657 |
| immunological detection of potential signal-transduction proteins expressed during wheat somatic tissue culture. | an immunochemical approach was used to detect the expression of putative guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (g-proteins), arrestin, and nucleoside diphosphate kinases during wheat (triticum aestivum) tissue culture initiated from immature embryos. both the soluble and membrane extracts from the immature embryos revealed bands of 58, 40, and 16 kd with antibodies to g-protein (alpha subunit), arrestin, and nucleoside diphosphate kinase, respectively. these proteins were overexpressed in vitro in ... | 1997 | 9085574 |
| chromosome mapping of low-temperature induced wcs120 family genes and regulation of cold-tolerance expression in wheat. | low-temperature (lt) induced genes of the wcs120 family in wheat (triticum aestivum) were mapped to specific chromosome arms using western and southern blot analysis on the ditelocentric series in the cultivar chinese spring (cs). identified genes were located on the long arms of the homoeologous group 6 chromosomes of all 3 genomes (a, b, and d) of hexaploid wheat. related species carrying either the a, d, or ab genomes were also examined using southern and western analysis with the wcs120 prob ... | 1997 | 9079883 |
| al partitioning patterns and root growth as related to al sensitivity and al tolerance in wheat. | studies of al partitioning and accumulation and of the effect of al on the growth of intact wheat (triticum aestivum l.) roots of cultivars that show differential al sensitivity were conducted. the effects of various al concentrations on root growth and al accumulation in the tissue were followed for 24 h. at low external al concentrations, al accumulation in the root tips was low and root growth was either unaffected or stimulated. calculations based on regression analysis of growth and al accu ... | 1997 | 12223623 |
| purification and characterization of a [beta]-d-xylosidase and an endo-xylanase from wheat flour. | a [beta]-d-xylosidase and an endo-xylanase were purified from european wheat (triticum aestivum) flour. the [beta]-d-xylosidase had a molecular weight of approximately 64,000 and an isoelectric point of 5.5. it hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl-[beta]-d-xylopyranoside and xylo-oligosaccharides and released d-xylose units from wheat arabinoxylan and oat spelts xylan. an endo-xylanase with a molecular weight of approximately 55,000 was also obtained and it consisted of a number of isoforms with isoelectric ... | 1997 | 12223612 |
| physiological and ultrastructural effects of cadmium on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves. | the effects of a 7-day exposure of 3-day-old wheat plantsto increasing cd concentrations are described, with special attention beinggiven to chloroplast ultrastructural changes, chlorophyll fluorescenceresponses, chlorophyll and nutrient concentration changes as well as growthchanges of the whole plant. the plants treated with 1 mm cd showed symptomsof heavy metal toxicity. the root, shoot-leaf length and the root, shoot-leafbiomass progressively decreased with increasing cd in nutrient solution ... | 1997 | 9069190 |
| growth stimulation of triticum aestivum seedlings under cr-stresses by non-rhizospheric pseudomonad strains. | four chromium-resistant non-rhizospheric strains spcr-1, spcr-2, spcr-3 and spcr-4 (pseudomonads), which were isolated from the effluents of an ici paint factory and could tolerate 2-3 mg ml(-1) chromium in a minimal medium and 40 mg ml(-1) in a rich medium, were used to inoculate seeds of triticum aestivum. both inoculated and non-inoculated seeds were germinated and grown under different concentrations of chromium salts (k2cro4, 0, 100, 250, 500; crcl3, 0, 250, 500, 1000 microg ml(-1)). germin ... | 1997 | 15093364 |
| factors affecting transient expression of vector constructs in wheat protoplasts. | direct uptake of reporter gene constructs with the bacterial beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene fused to various promoters was achieved to embryogenic cell suspension culture-derived protoplasts of gk ságvári winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) with polyethylene glycol (peg) treatment. based on gus specific activity values, it was found that mg2+ with peg at 20% final concentration can significantly increase the transient expression in wheat protoplasts in comparison to the ca(2+)-containing medium. ... | 1997 | 9404544 |
| variation in coxii intron in the wild ancestral species of wheat. | to study the maternal lineage and evolution of polyploid species of wheat, variation in mitochondrial dna was investigated in triticum and aegilops by pcr-aided rflp analysis. a 1.3 kb region containing the intron of coxii was studied using 20 accessions from five species of sitopsis section of aegilops, one species of einkorn wheat, four species of tetraploid wheat, and one species of common wheat. only three restriction site changes and a single deletion/insertion were found among 884 restrict ... | 1997 | 9350141 |
| characterization of dynamics of the psbd light-induced transcription in mature wheat chloroplasts. | dynamical aspects of three chloroplast promoters responding to change in light condition were examined in mature chloroplasts of wheat (triticum aestivum) by in vitro transcription. the wheat psbd/c operon has four distinct promoters, two of which named as d/c-3 and d/c-4 promoters dominantly function in mature chloroplasts to produce the mrnas encoding d2/cp43 and cp43 alone, respectively. activity of the d/c-3 promoter in mature chloroplasts was reduced to less than 30% by 24 h dark adaptation ... | 1997 | 9037145 |
| differential expression and properties of starch branching enzyme isoforms in developing wheat endosperm. | three forms of starch branching enzyme (be) from developing hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) endosperm have been partially purified and characterized. immunological cross-reactivities indicate that two forms (wbe-iad, 88 kd, and wbe-ib, 87 kd) are related to the maize be i class and that wbe-ii (88 kd) is related to maize be ii. comparison of the n-terminal sequences from wbe-iad and wbe-ii with maize and rice bes confirms these relationships. evidence is presented from the analysis of nullis ... | 1997 | 9008395 |
| silicon carbide fiber-mediated dna delivery into cells of wheat (triticum acstivum l.) mature embryos. | we have demonstrated that foreign dna can be delivered into cells of mature embryos of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using silicon carbide fibers (scf). the highest transient expression of thegusa (gus) gene was detected when dry embryos were vortexed for 10-30 min in a scf-dna solution containing 90-120 g/l of sucrose. up to 100 (on average 20-40) blue expression units per embryo were observed. scutellum side and epiblast of the intact wheat embryos are preferentially transformed. when embryos w ... | 1996 | 24177538 |
| chromosome substitutions of triticum timopheevii in common wheat and some observations on the evolution of polyploid wheat species. | whether the two tetraploid wheat species, the well known triticum turgidum l. (macaroni wheat, aabb genomes) and the obscure t. timopheevii zhuk. (a(t)a(t)gg), have monophyletic or diphyletic origin from the same or different diploid species presents an interesting evolutionary problem. moreover, t. timopheevii and its wild form t. araraticum are an important genetic resource for macaroni and bread-wheat improvement. to study these objectives, the substitution and genetic compensation abilities ... | 1996 | 24162542 |
| prediction of heterosis in wheat using coefficient of parentage and rflp-based estimates of genetic relationship. | genetic relationship can be a useful predictor of the relative performance of hybrid combinations for a hybrid breeding program resulting in reduced time and cost of hybrid testing. genetic relationships of 112 wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell.) lines were estimated using 41 dna clones hybridizing to 273 dna fragments and by calculating coefficient of parentage (cop). heterosis was estimated for 722 hybrids grown in multiple locations, with 189 being tested in more than 1 year. the average ... | 1996 | 18469962 |
| characterization of genomes and chromosomes in partial amphiploids of the hybrid triticum aestivum x thinopyrum ponticum by in situ hybridization, isozyme analysis, and rapd. | genomic in situ hybridization (gish) and southern hybridization of genome-specific rapd markers were used to demonstrate that the e genome (including ee and eb from thinopyrum elongatum and thinopyrum bessarabicum, respectively) and the st genome (from pseudoroegneria species) were the two basic genomes in thinopyrum ponticum. gish also revealed that the centromeric region may be the critical area that discriminates the st genome from the e genome in th. ponticum. of the seven partial amphiploid ... | 1996 | 18469955 |
| accumulation of al in root mucilage of an al-resistant and an al-sensitive cultivar of wheat. | to estimate rates of al accumulation within the symplasm, all apoplastic pools of al need to be eliminated or accounted for. we have developed a revised kinetic protocol that allows us to estimate the contribution of mucilage-bound al to total, nonexchangeable al, and to eliminate the mucilage as an apoplastic pool of al. by comparing the al content of excised root tips (2 cm) of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) with and without the removal of the mucilage (using a 10-min wash in 1 m nh4cl), we foun ... | 1996 | 12226458 |
| the configuration of the seminal roots of triticum aestivum l. (poaceae). | the seminal root system of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is composed of the primary seminal root, the first pair of seminal roots, and the second pair of seminal roots, which are known to grow in different directions. the direction of root growth, which can be expressed by theta (the angle between the root and the plumb line) and phi (the angle between the root and a vertical plane including the primary seminal root), was studied with special attention to the latter. it was measured on seedlings ... | 1996 | 11539860 |
| hygromycin-resistant calli generated by activation and excision of maize ac/ds transposable elements in diploid and hexaploid wheat cultured cell lines. | to investigate the activation and transposition of maize transposable elements in wheat cultured cells, plasmid dnas containing the maize ac/ds elements located between the camv 35s promoter and a hygromycin b resistance gene (hph) were introduced into two wheat (triticum aestivum and triticum monococcum) cultured cell lines by microprojectile bombardment. in the first experiment, hph was activated by excision of the ac element, which encodes transposase, in the two wheat cell lines. in the seco ... | 1996 | 8983186 |
| changes in abundance of an abscisic acid-responsive, early cysteine-labeled metallothionein transcript during pollen embryogenesis in bread wheat (triticum aestivum). | a clone for an embryoid-abundant, early cysteine-labeled metallothionein (ecmt) gene has been isolated from a wheat pollen embryoid cdna library. the transcript of this gene was only expressed in embryogenic microspores, pollen embryoids, and developing zygotic embryos of wheat. accumulation of the ecmt mrna showed a direct and positive correlation with an increase of the plant hormone, abscisic acid (aba) in developing pollen embryoids. treating cultures with an inhibitor of aba biosynthesis, f ... | 1996 | 8980534 |
| identification and high-density mapping of gene-rich regions in chromosome group 1 of wheat. | we studied the distribution of genes and recombination in wheat (triticum aestivum) group 1 chromosomes by comparing high-density physical and genetic maps. physical maps of chromosomes 1a, 1b, and 1d were generated by mapping 50 dna markers on 56 single-break deletion lines. a consensus physical map was compared with the 1d genetic map of triticum tauschii (68 markers) and a triticeae group 1 consensus map (288 markers) to generate a cytogenetic ladder map (clm). most group 1 markers (86%) were ... | 1996 | 8978071 |
| accelerated production of transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plants. | we have developed a method for the accelerated production of fertile transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.) that yields rooted plants ready for transfer to soil in 8-9 weeks (56-66 days) after the initiation of cultures. this was made possible by improvements in the procedures used for culture, bombardment, and selection. cultured immature embryos were given a 4-6 h pre-and 16 h post-bombardment osmotic treatment. the most consistent and satisfactory results were obtained with 30 μg of gold par ... | 1996 | 24178645 |
| molecular verification and characterization of bydv-resistant germ plasms derived from hybrids of wheat with thinopyrum ponticum and th. intermedium. | twenty-five partial amphiploids (2n=8x=56), which were derived from hybrids of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) with either thinopyrum ponticum (podpera) liu & wang, th. intermedium (host) barkworth & d. dewey, or th. junceum (l.) a. löve, were assayed for resistance to bydv serotype pav by slot-blot hybridization with viral cdna of a partial coat protein gene. three immune lines were found among seven partial amphiploids involving th. ponticum. seven highly resistant lines were found in ten partial ... | 1996 | 24162477 |
| characterization of the endoproteases appearing during wheat grain development. | the pattern of endoproteolytic activities occurring during wheat (triticum aestivum, cultivar chinese spring) grain development was investigated. total endoprotease activity, assayed in solution with azocasein as a substrate, increased during the early stages of grain development to reach a maximum at 15 d postanthesis that was maintained until the grain was mature. endoprotease activity was also assayed in gradient polyacrylamide gels co-polymerized with gelatin. the increase in endoproteolytic ... | 1996 | 12226440 |
| localization of benzoxazinones that occur constitutively in wheat seedlings. | occurrence and localization of novel antimicrobial and antifeeding compounds in wheat, 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (diboa) and 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (dimboa), and their glucosides, were examined by staining wheat plants (triticum aestivum l.) in the juvenile stage of growth by ferric chloride. the methanol extracts of the stained plant tissues gave a characteristic blue color, which was shown by spectroscopic and chromatographic analyses to be exclusively due to ben ... | 2017 | 9031524 |
| characterization of the calmodulin gene family in wheat: structure, chromosomal location, and evolutionary aspects. | calmodulin is a ubiquitous transducer of calcium signals in eukaryotes. in diploid plant species, several isoforms of calmodulin have been described. here, we report on the isolation and characterization of calmodulin cdnas corresponding to 10 genes from hexaploid (bread) wheat (triticum aestivum). these genes encode three distinct calmodulin isoforms; one isoform is novel in that it lacks a conserved calcium binding site. based on their nucleotide sequences, the 10 cdnas were classified into fo ... | 1996 | 8917311 |
| repetitive, genome-specific probes in wheat (triticum aestivum l. em thell) amplified with minisatellite core sequences. | the detection and analysis of dna polymorphisms in crops is an essential component of marker-assisted selection and cultivar identification in plant breeding. we have explored the direct amplification of minisatellite dna by pcr (damd-pcr) as a means for generating dna probes that are useful for detecting dna polymorphisms and dna fingerprinting in wheat. this technique was facilitated by high-stringency pcr with known plant and animal minisatellite core sequences as primers on wheat genomic dna ... | 1996 | 24162434 |
| physical mapping of translocation breakpoints in a set of wheat-aegilops umbellulata recombinant lines using in situ hybridization. | aegilops umbellulata zhuk. carries genes at glu-u1 loci that code for a pair of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits not found in common wheat, triticum aestivum. wheat-ae. umbellulata recombinant lines were produced with the aim of transferring genes coding for glutenin subunits from ae. umbellulata into wheat with minimal flanking material. we used fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization to evaluate the extent of recombination and to map physically the translocation breakpoints on 11 whea ... | 1996 | 24162413 |
| linkage mapping of '25-kda globulin' genes on homoeologous group-1 chromosomes of bread and durum wheat. | acid polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (a-page) of ethanol-soluble proteins from the endosperm of bread and durum wheats reveals some bands encoded by genes on the homoeologous group-1 chromosomes with higher mobility than the α-gliadins. the isolation of these proteins showed that they were the previously described '25-kda globulins' encoded by genes at the glo-a1, glo-b1, and glo-d1 loci. the variability found among a collection of 51 bread and 81 durum wheats was very low: two allelic varian ... | 1996 | 24162408 |
| multiple aluminum-resistance mechanisms in wheat (roles of root apical phosphate and malate exudation). | although it is well known that aluminum (al) resistance in wheat (triticum aestivum) is multigenic, physiological evidence for multiple mechanisms of al resistance has not yet been documented. the role of root apical phosphate and malate exudation in al resistance was investigated in two wheat cultivars (al-resistant atlas and al-sensitive scout) and two near-isogenic lines (al-resistant et3 and al-sensitive es3). in atlas al resistance is multigenic, whereas in et3 resistance is conditioned by ... | 1996 | 12226413 |
| plasmon analysis of triticum (wheat) and aegilops. 1. production of alloplasmic common wheats and their fertilities. | plasmons (= cytoplasms) of eight triticum species (ten accessions) and 24 aegilops species (36 accessions) have been introduced by repeated backcrosses to 12 genotypes of hexaploid, common wheat. at transfer problems such as crossing barrier, preferential transmission of a gametocidal or parthenogenesis-inducing chromosome, and mistagging of the material occurred, all of which hindered the plasmon transfer program. of the 552 genotype-plasmon combinations produced, 532 (96.4%) had reached the b1 ... | 1996 | 9037776 |
| polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism analysis of intra- and interspecific variations in organellar dna regions of aegilops mutica and related species. | in order to study the phylogeny of aegilops mutica in the genera of triticum and aegilops, variations in chloroplast and mitochondrial dna regions were investigated by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism (pcr-sscp) analysis. nine lines, each of ae. mutica and ae. speltoides, were studied together with nine other triticum and aegilops species, including t. aestivum. by analyzing 9.7-kb chloroplast and 13.1-kb mitochondrial dna regions, a total of 268 bands were det ... | 1996 | 9037775 |
| a low-molecular-mass gtp-binding protein in the cytosol of germinated wheat embryos. | a low-molecular-mass protein able to bind gtp in both native and sds-denaturating conditions was detected in the cytosol of embryos from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seeds germinated for 40 h. the protein fulfilled most of the distinguishing criteria common to eukaryotic small gtp-binding proteins. it retained the ability to bind gtp after sds/page and nitrocellulose blotting. the protein eluted from sephadex g-200 gel filtration with a ve/vo value corresponding to a molecular mass of 18 kda, wh ... | 1996 | 8898918 |
| severity of mutant phenotype in a series of chlorophyll-deficient wheat mutants depends on light intensity and the severity of the block in chlorophyll synthesis. | analyses of a series of allelic chlorina mutants of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), which have partial blocks in chlorophyll (chl) synthesis and, therefore, a limited chl supply, reinforce the principle that chl is required for the stable accumulation of chl-binding proteins and that only reaction centers accumulate when the supply of chl is severely limited. depending on the rate of chl accumulation (determined by the severity of the mutation) and on the rate of turnover of chl and its precursors ... | 1996 | 8883392 |
| environmental effects on the induction of wheat chemical defences by aphid infestation. | the effects of temperature and photoperiod on the ability of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings to show induced responses (increased accumulation of hydroxamic acids, hx) upon infestation by the bird cherry-oat aphid, rhopalosiphum padi l. were evaluated under laboratory conditions. induction of hx was significantly higher at lower temperatures. no such clear trend was found for the photoperiod effect. the significant effect of environmental conditions on growth rate of seedlings and the sig ... | 1996 | 28307399 |
| chromosomal locations of genes that control major rna-degrading activities in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | seventeen rna-degrading enzymes of common wheat, with apparent molecular masses from 42.2 kda to 16.3 kda, were observed by the rna-sds-page assay. to determine their chromosome locations, all chromosome arms of common wheat except 4bs were assayed in their null condition by using a set of ditelosomic or nullitetrasomic lines of the cultivar chinese spring. our results showed that only one chromosome location each was identified for the 22.8-kda and the 21.2-kda enzymes, as well as for the 21.6 ... | 1996 | 24162360 |
| origin and diversity of north american hard spring wheats. | genetic diversity is an important safeguard against crop vulnerability to biotic and abiotic stresses. coefficient-of-parentage (cop) values of 248 north american hard spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell) cultivars released from 1901 to 1991 were used to estimate the genetic similarity of cultivars. cop values were used: to (1) quantify germ plasm sources and their contributions to the north american hard spring wheat gene pool; (2) measure changes in genetic diversity through time; and ... | 1996 | 24162353 |
| linkage between rflp markers and genes affecting kernel hardness in wheat. | a molecular-marker linkage map of wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell) provides a powerful tool for identifying genomic regions influencing breadmaking quality. a variance analysis for kernel hardness was conducted using 114 recombinant inbred lines (f7) from a cross between a synthetic and a cultivated wheat. the major gene involved in kernel hardness, ha (hard), known to be on chromosome arm 5ds, was found to be closely linked with the locus xmta9 corresponding to the gene of puroindoline-a. ... | 1996 | 24162351 |
| evidence for the contribution of the mehler-peroxidase reaction in dissipating excess electrons in drought-stressed wheat. | gross o2 evolution and uptake by attached, drought-stressed leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum) were measured using a 16o2/ 18o2 isotope technique and mass spectrometry. the activity of photosystem ii, determined from the rate of 16o2 evolution, is only slightly affected under drought conditions. during drought stress, net co2 uptake decreases due to stomatal closure, whereas the uptake of 18o2 is stimulated. the main o2-consuming reactions in the light are the mehler-peroxidase (mp) reaction an ... | 1996 | 12226390 |
| integration and expression of the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit 1ax1 gene into wheat. | the unique bread-making characteristic of wheat flour is closely related to the elasticity and extensibility of the gluten proteins stored in the starchy endosperm, particularly the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs), which are important in determining gluten and dough elasticity. the quality of wheat cultivars depends on the number and composition of the hmw-gs present. we have introduced the hmw-gs 1ax1 gene, known to be associated with good bread-making quality, into the bob whi ... | 1996 | 9631070 |
| a cytogenetic analysis of rye introgression into a portuguese bread wheat cultivar barbela. | | 1996 | 8871830 |
| secondary structure of nadph: protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase examined by circular dichroism and prediction methods. | to study the secondary structure of the enzyme nadph: protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (pcor), a novel method of enzyme isolation was developed. the detergent isotridecyl poly-(ethylene glycol) ether (genapol x-080) selectively solubilizes the enzyme from a prolamellar-body fraction isolated from wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the solubilized fraction was further purified by ion-exchange chromatography. the isolated enzyme was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy at 77 k, and by cd spectroscopy ... | 1996 | 8713084 |
| variation of starch granule proteins and chromosome mapping of their coding genes in common wheat. | starch granule proteins (sgps) of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were analyzed by two electrophoretic techniques: sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and two-dimensional electrophoresis (2d-page). these analyses identified three kinds of sgps which were tentatively designated sgp-1, sgp-2 and sgp-3. sds-page resolved the products of three homoeologous genes for sgp-1 into three protein fractions, sgp-a1, -b1 and -d1. while sds-page resolved sgp-3 into one f ... | 1996 | 24162229 |
| stability of baking quality in bread wheat using several statistical parameters. | stability of quality in bread wheat was investigated for the first time with the alveograph test, a rheological test providing four technological traits. assessment of stability was reliable because a large set of varieties (ten) were grown over a wide range of environments (14). varieties and environments were representative of french agricultural practices. a procedure to evaluate stability of quality is proposed. stability was measured by ecovalence, which was then modelled to determine respo ... | 1996 | 24162214 |
| repeated dna sequences isolated by microdissection. ii. comparative analysis in hordeum vulgare and triticum aestivum. | the genomic organization of two satellite dna sequences, phvmwg2314 and phvmwg2315, of barley (hordeum vulgare, 2n=14, hh) was studied by comparative in situ hybridization (ish) and pcr analysis. both sequences are members of different rsai families. the sequence phvmwg2314 is a new satellite element with a monomer unit of 73 bp which is moderately amplified in different grasses and occurs in interstitial clusters on d-genome chromosomes of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum, 2n=42, aabbdd). the ... | 1996 | 24162213 |
| chromosomal location of a gene suppressing powdery mildew resistance genes pm8 and pm17 in common wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell.). | the chromosomal location of a suppressor for the powdery mildew resistance genes pm8 and pm17 was determined by a monosomic set of the wheat cultivar caribo. this cultivar carries a suppressor gene inhibiting the expression of pm8 in cv disponent and of pm17 in line helami-105. in disease resistance assessments, monosomic f1 hybrids (2n=41) of caribo x disponent and caribo x helami-105 lacking chromosome 7d were resistant, whereas monosomic f1 hybrids involving the other 20 chromosomes, as well ... | 1996 | 24162196 |
| chromium uptake and toxicity effects on growth and metabolic activities in wheat, triticum aestivum l. cv. up 2003. | chromium (cr) at graded levels when added in sand culture of wheat (t. aestivum l. cv. up2003) under glasshouse conditions resulted in reduction in biomass, chlorophyll and activities of catalase and peroxidase while enhanced acid phosphatase and ribonuclease activities. elevated levels of cr supply significantly reduced the concentration of inorganic phosphorus. with an increase in cr supply the uptake of chromium also increased significantly in different plant parts especially in roots. above ... | 1996 | 8979507 |
| molecular characterization of the fate of transgenes in transformed wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | molecular analysis of the transgenes bar and gus was carried out over successive generations in six independent transgenic lines of wheat, until the plants attained homozygosity. data on expression and integration of the transgenes is presented. five of the lines were found to be stably transformed, duly transferring the transgenes to the next generation. the copy number of the transgenes varied from one to five in the different lines. one line was unstable, first losing expression of and then e ... | 1996 | 24166632 |
| wheat phylogeny determined by rflp analysis of nuclear dna. 3. intra- and interspecific variations of five aegilops sitopsis species. | the level of intra- and interspecific variations on nuclear dna in five aegilops species of the sitopsis section were investigated using restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis. a total of 18 accessions, i.e. 7 of ae. speltoides, 3 of ae. longissima, 2 of ae. searsii, 3 of ae. sharonensis and 3 of ae. bicornis, were used. one accession each of triticum aestivum, t. durum, t. urartu and ae. squarrosa was included as reference material. five enzymes and 20 probes were used. among ... | 1996 | 24166619 |
| molecular evidence for triticum speltoides as a b-genome progenitor of wheat (triticum aestivum). | in polyploid wheat, the origin of the b-genome donor has remained relatively unknown in spite of a number of investigations attempting to identify the parental species. a project was designed to isolate and clone a genome-specific dna sequence from triticum speltoides l. to determine if that species could be the b-genome donor. a cloning scheme involving the prescreening of 1-kb fragments followed by colony, dot blot, and southern blot hybridization screenings was used to isolate a speltoides-sp ... | 1996 | 18469915 |
| in vivo and in vitro phosphorylation of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from wheat seeds during germination. | phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc) activity was detected in the aleurone endosperm of wheat (triticum aestivum cv chinese spring) seeds, and specific anti-sorghum c4 pepc polyclonal anti-bodies cross-reacted with 103- and 100-kd polypeptides present in dry seeds and seeds that had imbibed; in addition, a new, 108-kd polypeptide was detected 6 h after imbibition. the use of specific anti-phosphorylation-site immunoglobulin g (aps-igg) identified the presence of a phosphorylation motif equival ... | 1996 | 12226309 |
| genetic analysis of anther culture response in wheat carrying alien translocations. | a bread wheat cultivar, 'saratovskaya 29', (s29), its nearly isogenic lines carrying alien translocations [lr9 from aegilops umbellulata (eg29) and (lr19) from agropyron elongatum (ps29)] and two f1 hybrids between three nearly isogenic lines of s29 that differed by the lr19+rht1,pro1+pro2 and ppd1+ppd2 gene complexes, namely the s29 (lr19+rht1)/s29 (ppd1+ppd2) f1 and the s29 (pro1+pro2)/s29 (lr19+rht1) f1 were studied for their culture response with the following results. (1) translocations wit ... | 1996 | 24166404 |
| induction of male sterility in wheat by meiotic-stage water deficit is preceded by a decline in invertase activity and changes in carbohydrate metabolism in anthers. | water deficit during meiosis in pollen mother cells of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) induces male sterility, which can reduce grain set by 40 to 50%. in plants stressed during meiosis and then rewatered, division of pollen mother cells proceeds normally but subsequent pollen development is arrested 3 or 4 d later. an inhibition of starch accumulation within the pollen grain suggested that an alteration in carbohydrate metabolism or assimilate supply may be involved in pollen abortion. we measured ... | 1996 | 12226280 |
| the trnatyr multigene family of triticum aestivum: genome organization, sequence analyses and maturation of intron-containing pre-trnas in wheat germ extract. | southern analysis of triticum dna has revealed that nuclear trnatyr genes are dispersed at a minimum of 16 loci in the genome. we have isolated six independent trnatyr genes from a triticum aestivum library in addition to three known members of the triticum trnatyr family. four of the sequenced trnatyr genes code for triticum trna tyr and two code for trna2tyr. three genes encode trnastyr which carry one or two nucleotide substitutions as compared to the conventional genes. the nine triticum trn ... | 1996 | 8617358 |
| isolation and identification of triticum aestivum l. em. thell. cv chinese spring-t. peregrinum hackel disomic chromosome addition lines. | analyses of rflps, isozymes, morphological markers and chromosome pairing were used to isolate 12 triticum aestivum cv chinese spring (genomes a, b, and d)-t. peregrinum (genomes s(v) and u(v)) disomic chromosome addition lines. the evidence obtained indicates that each of the 12 lines contains an intact pair of t. peregrinum chromosomes. one monosomic addition line, believed to contain an intact 6s(v) chromosome, was also isolated. a cs-7u(v) chromosome addition line was not obtained. syntenic ... | 1996 | 24166328 |
| rflp-based maps of the homoeologous group-6 chromosomes of wheat and their application in the tagging of pm12, a powdery mildew resistance gene transferred from aegilops speltoides to wheat. | genetic maps of the homoeologous group-6 chromosomes of bread wheat, triticum aestivum, have been constructed spanning 103 cm on 6a, 90 cm on 6b and 124 cm on 6d. these maps were transferred to a chinese spring (cs) x line #31 cross to locate a dominant powdery mildew resistance gene, pm12, introgressed into line #31 from aegilops speltoides. pm12 was shown to lie on the short arm of translocation chromosome 6bs-6ss.6sl in line #31, but could not be mapped more precisely due to the lack of recom ... | 1996 | 24166323 |
| analysis off cereal chromosomes by atomic force microscopy. | atomic force microscopy has been applied to the study of plant chromosomes from cereal grasses triticum aestivum (bread wheat), triticum tauschii, and hordeum vulgare (barley). using standard mitotic metaphase squashes, high resolution images have been obtained of untreated chromosomes and also of chromosomes after c-banding, n-banding, and in situ hybridization. the true 3-dimensional nature of the images permits detailed analysis of the surface structure and, on untreated uncoated chromosomes, ... | 1996 | 18469905 |
| genome differentiation in aegilops. 1. distribution of highly repetitive dna sequences on chromosomes of diploid species. | genome differentiation in 12 diploid aegilops species was analyzed using in situ hybridization with the highly repetitive dna sequences psc119 and pas1 and c-banding. chromosomes of all these diploid aegilops species hybridized with the psc119 probe; however, the level of hybridization and labeling patterns differed among genomes. only four species (ae. squarrosa, ae. comosa, ae. heldreichii, and ae. uniaristata) showed distinct hybridization with pas1. the labeling patterns were species-specifi ... | 1996 | 18469894 |
| cytogenetic identification of triticum peregrinum chromosomes added to common wheat. | c-banded karyotypes of a complete set of 14 triticum peregrinum whole chromosome addition lines and 25 telosomic addition lines are reported. the added t. peregrinum chromosomes were not structurally rearranged compared with the corresponding chromosomes of the donor accession. comprehensive karyotypic analysis confirmed triticum umbellulatum as the donor species of the uv genome and identified triticum longissimum as the donor species of the sv genome of t. peregrinum. neither the uv nor sv gen ... | 1996 | 18469893 |
| subcellular visualization of gene transcripts encoding key proteins of the chlorophyll accumulation process in developing chloroplasts. | the coordination of the synthesis of chlorophyll (chl) and light-harvesting chl proteins was determined by observing the sequence of appearance of the specific mrnas for the nuclear genes chlh, por, and lhcb1*2 (ab180). chlh encodes a magnesium protoporphyrin chelatase subunit that is involved in the first committed step in chl biosynthesis; por encodes protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase, which catalyzes the penultimate and only light-dependent step in chl biosynthesis; and lhcb1*2 encodes light ... | 1996 | 12226243 |
| from image processing to classification: iv. classification of electrophoretic patterns by neural networks and statistical methods enable quality assessment of wheat varieties for breadmaking. | the end-use quality of products made from doughs consisting of wheat flour and water is often dependent upon the storage (gluten) proteins of the grain endosperm. today the electrophoretic patterns of the high molecular weight (hmw) glutenin subunits are used for quality selections in wheat breeding programs in several countries. in this study, we used two multivariate techniques to classify digitized patterns from isoelectric focusing of gliadins and glutenins: a two-layered neural network arch ... | 1996 | 8738329 |
| mapping of the k(+)/na (+) discrimination locus kna1 in wheat. | in saline environments, bread wheat, triticum aestivum l. (genomes aabbdd), accumulates less na(+) and more k(+) in expanding and young leaves than durum wheat, t. turgidum l. (genomes aabb). higher k(+)/na(+) ratios in leaves of bread wheat correlate with its higher salt tolerance. chromosome 4d from bread wheat was shown in previous work to play an important role in the control of this trait and was recombined with chromosome 4b in the absence of the ph1 locus. a population of plants disomic f ... | 1996 | 24166270 |
| genetic characterization of storage proteins in a set of f1-derived haploid lines in bread wheat. | wheat storage proteins were evaluated by sds-page in a population of 206 doubled haploid (dh) lines, produced from a cross between bread wheat cvs chinese spring (cs) and courtot (ct). the analysis of gliadins and high- and low-molecular-weight glutenins gave rise to 11 protein markers between parental varieties. among these, one each was encoded at the glu-a1, gli-a1, gli-a2, gli-a5, glu-b3, gli-b1 and gli-d1 loci and four were encoded at the glu-d3 locus. only the gli-a2 marker showed a distor ... | 1996 | 24166255 |
| growth and photosynthetic responses of wheat plants grown in space. | growth and photosynthesis of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv super dwarf) plants grown onboard the space shuttle discovery for 10 d were examined. compared to ground control plants, the shoot fresh weight of space-grown seedlings decreased by 25%. postflight measurements of the o2 evolution/photosynthetic photon flux density response curves of leaf samples revealed that the co2-saturated photosynthetic rate at saturating light intensities in space-grown plants declined 25% relative to the rate in ... | 1996 | 8819868 |
| cdna encoding a wheat (triticum aestivum cv. chinese spring) glycine-rich rna-binding protein. | a wheat cdna encoding a glycine-rich rna-binding protein, whgrp-1, was isolated. whgrp-1 contains two conserved domains, the rna-binding motif (rnp motif) combined with a series of glycine-rich imperfect repeats, characteristic of a conserved family of plant rna-binding proteins. northern analysis revealed that whgrp-1 mrna accumulates to high levels in roots and to lower levels in leaves of wheat seedlings, whgrp-1 mrna accumulation is not enhanced by exogenous abscisic acid in seedlings and ac ... | 1996 | 8704137 |
| plant regeneration from immature embryos of 48 elite cimmyt bread wheats. | forty-eight bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) released cultivars and elite advanced lines were evaluated for their ability to produce embryogenic callus using three different media. basal n6 medium supplemented with dicamba (e1), ms medium containing 2,4-d (e3) or ms medium containing 2,4-d plus different amino acids (e5) were used for callus initiation and maintenance. plant regeneration was achieved on basal ms medium with indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) and 6-benzylamino purine (bap) and rooting ... | 1996 | 24166163 |
| natural or induced nucleocytoplasmic heterogeneity in triticum longissimum. | alien cytoplasms produce a variety of phenotypes in durum wheat (triticum turgidum) and common wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars, which indicate the prevalence of cytoplasmic variability in the subtribe triticinae. intraspecific cytoplasmic differences have been demonstrated between the subspecies of triticum speltoides, triticum dichasians, and triticum comosum. in this study, durum wheat lines with cytoplasm from two accessions, b and c, of triticum longissimum were compared, and meiotic chr ... | 1996 | 18469879 |
| characterization of an agropyron elongatum chromosome conferring resistance to cephalosporium stripe in common wheat. | related wheat (triticum aestivum l.) breeding lines, pi 561033, rea 9232, rea 9257, and ci 13113 were analyzed cytogenetically to characterize the association of resistance to cephalosporium stripe (caused by cephalosporium gramineum nis. & ika.) with agropyron elongatum chromatin. one pair of a. elongatum chromosomes was detected in pi 561033, rea 9232, and ci 13113 by genomic in situ hybridization. the sib line of pi 561033 and rea 9232, rea 9257, which is not resistant to this disease, lacked ... | 1996 | 18469877 |
| aluminum interactions with voltage-dependent calcium transport in plasma membrane vesicles isolated from roots of aluminum-sensitive and -resistant wheat cultivars. | the role of al interactions with root-cell plasma membrane (pm) ca2+ channels in al toxicity and resistance was studied. the experimental approach involved the imposition of a transmembrane electrical potential (via k+ diffusion) in right-side-out pm vesicles derived from roots of two wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars (al-sensitive scout 66 and al-resistant atlas 66). we previously used this technique to characterize a voltage-dependent ca2+ channel in the wheat root pm (j.w. huang, d.l. gr ... | 1996 | 12226204 |
| relations between aggregative, viscoelastic and molecular properties in gluten from genetic variants of bread wheat. | glutens differing in their low- and high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (lmw-gs and hmw-gs) were extracted from genetic variants of bread wheat. their composition was analysed by electrophoresis, the glutenin size distribution was determined by size-exclusion chromatography. rheological measurements in the dynamic regime and electron spin resonance spin-labelling experiments gave data on the viscoelasticity and the protein flexibility of the glutens, respectively. in glutens differing in the ... | 1996 | 8852755 |
| frequencies and sequence characteristics of di-, tri-, and tetra-nucleotide microsatellites in wheat. | microsatellites have emerged as an important source of genetic markers for eukaryotic genomes. in this report, two wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genomic libraries were screened for several di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide tandem repeats. clones containing (ac)n, (ag)n, (tct)n, and (ttg)n repeats were isolated and sequenced. on average, there was one (ac)n microsatellite every 292 kbp and one (ag)n microsatellite every 212 kbp. the trinucleotide tandem repeats (tct)n and (ttg)n were about 10 times l ... | 1996 | 8851802 |
| identification of haynaldia villosa chromosomes added to wheat using a sequential c-banding and genomic in situ hybridization technique. | genomic in situ hybridization (gish) offers a convenient and effective method for cytological detection, but can not determine the identity of the chromosomes involved. we integrated c-banding with gish to identify haynaldia villosa chromosomes in a wheat background. all chromosomes of h. villosa showed c-bands, either in telomeric regions or in both telomeric and centromeric regions, which allowed unequivocal identification of each h. villosa chromosome. the seven pairs of h. villosa chromosome ... | 1996 | 24166125 |
| loss of particulate contaminants from plant canopies under wet and dry conditions. | there is a requirement for data describing the loss with time of particulate contamination from plant canopies. measurements were made of the loss rates of monodispersed silica spheres (three sizes, with mass median aerodynamic diameters (mmads) 1.9, 5.3 and 8.4 microm) from wheat (triticum aestivum) and broad bean (vicia faba) canopies. the spheres were labelled with tracers detectable by instrumental neutron activation analysis (inaa). canopies were contaminated under realistic turbulence cond ... | 1996 | 15091444 |
| response of two cultivars of triticum aestivum l. to simulated acid rain. | the present experiment was aimed at assessing the impact of simulated acidic precipitation (sar) on growth, biomass accumulation and yield of two cultivars of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), malviya 206 and 234, varying in cuticular thickness and leaf area. wheat cultivars were exposed to simulated rain acidified to ph 5.6 (control), 5.0, 4.5, 4.0 and 3.0 from 30 days of age, twice a week for five weeks. the plants received ambient precipitation of unknown acidity, as well as the acid rain treatme ... | 1996 | 15091436 |
| effects of elevated co2 nitrogen supply and tropospheric ozone on spring wheat. i. growth and yield. | spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. minaret) was exposed to three co(2) levels, in combination with two nitrogen fertilizer levels and two levels of tropospheric ozone, from sowing to ripening in open-top chambers. three additional nitrogen fertilizer treatments were carried out at the lowest and the highest co(2) level, respectively. plants were harvested at growth stages 31, 65 and 93 and separated into up to eight fractions to gain information about biomass partitioning. co(2) enrichment ( ... | 1996 | 15091431 |