| influence of high temperature during grain filling on the accumulation of storage proteins and grain quality in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the present study was performed to understand the effects of high temperature (ht) during filling on the expression of storage proteins and the quality of rice grains. ht (35/30 °c day/night) reduced the weight, amylose content, and flour gel consistency of grains. it increased the accumulation of all classes of storage proteins at early filling stage but decreased the accumulation of prolamins at maturation. for albumins, the expressions of cyclophilin 2, peroxiredoxin, and hsp16.9 were differe ... | 2010 | 20839801 |
| molecular evolution of the endosperm starch synthesis pathway genes in rice (oryza sativa l.) and its wild ancestor, o. rufipogon l. | the evolution of metabolic pathways is a fundamental but poorly understood aspect of evolutionary change. one approach for understanding the complexity of pathway evolution is to examine the molecular evolution of genes that together comprise an integrated metabolic pathway. the rice endosperm starch biosynthetic pathway is one of the most thoroughly characterized metabolic pathways in plants, and starch is a trait that has evolved in response to strong selection during rice domestication. in th ... | 2011 | 20829346 |
| sds-dependent proteases induced by aba and its relation to rubisco and rubisco activase contents in rice leaves. | protease activities and its relation to the contents of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) and rubisco activase were investigated in detached leaves of rice (oryza sativa l.) floated on the solutions containing abscisic acid (aba) or benzyladenine (ba). rubisco and rubisco activase contents were decreased during the time course and the decreases were enhanced by aba and suppressed by ba. the decrease in rubisco activase was faster than that in rubisco. sds-dependent protea ... | 2017 | 20829052 |
| osmads6 plays an essential role in endosperm nutrient accumulation and is subject to epigenetic regulation in rice (oryza sativa). | mads-box transcription factors are known for their roles in plant growth and development. the regulatory mechanisms of spatial and temporal specific expression of mads-box genes and the function of mads-box genes in other biological processes are still to be explored. here, we report that osmads6 is highly expressed in flower and endosperm in oryza sativa (rice). in addition to displaying a homeotic organ identity phenotype in all the four whorls of the flowers, the endosperm development is seve ... | 2010 | 20822505 |
| modulation of transcription factor and metabolic pathway genes in response to water-deficit stress in rice. | water-deficit stress is detrimental for rice growth, development, and yield. transcriptome analysis of 1-week-old rice (oryza sativa l. var. ir64) seedling under water-deficit stress condition using affymetrix 57 k genechip® has revealed 1,563 and 1,746 genes to be up- and downregulated, respectively. in an effort to amalgamate data across laboratories, we identified 5,611 differentially expressing genes under varying extrinsic water-deficit stress conditions in six vegetative and one reproducti ... | 2011 | 20821243 |
| novel pleiotropic loci controlling panicle architecture across environments in japonica rice (oryza sativa l.). | to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) controlling panicle architecture in japonica rice, a genetic map was constructed based on simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers and 254 recombinant inbred lines (rils) derived from a cross between cultivars xiushui 79 and c bao. seven panicle traits were investigated under three environments. single marker analysis indicated that a total of 27 ssr markers were highly associated with panicle traits in all the three environments. percentage of phenotypic v ... | 2010 | 20816386 |
| application of imaging mass spectrometry for the analysis of oryza sativa rice. | rice is one of the most important food crops in the world and new varieties have been bred for specific purposes, such as the development of drought-resistance, or the enrichment of functional food factors. the localization and composition of metabolites in such new varieties must be investigated because all artificial interventions are expected to change the metabolites of rice. imaging mass spectrometry using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (maldi-ims) is a suitable tool for invest ... | 2010 | 20814978 |
| life in the balance: a signaling network controlling survival of flooding. | recent reports on responses to flooding, submergence, and low-oxygen stress have connected components in an essential regulatory network that underlies plasticity in growth and metabolism essential for the survival of distinct flooding regimes. here, we discuss growth under severe oxygen-limited conditions (anaerobic growth) and less oxygen-deficient underwater conditions (ethylene-driven underwater growth). low-oxygen stress causes an energy and carbohydrate crisis that must be controlled throu ... | 2010 | 20813578 |
| genetic analysis of starch paste viscosity parameters in glutinous rice (oryza sativa l.). | starch paste viscosity plays an important role in estimating the cooking, eating, and processing quality of rice. the inheritance of starch paste viscosity in glutinous rice remains undefined. in the present study, 118 glutinous rice accessions were collected, and the genotypes of 17 starch synthesis-related genes (ssrg) were analyzed by using 43 gene-specific molecular markers. association analysis indicated that 10 of 17 ssrgs were involved in controlling the rapid visco analyzer (rva) profile ... | 2011 | 20737264 |
| synchrotron x-ray imaging for nondestructive monitoring of sap flow dynamics through xylem vessel elements in rice leaves. | a comprehensive understanding of the sap flow dynamics and xylem hydraulic properties is essential to unravel the functional features of water transport from roots to shoots in vascular plants. to evaluate quantitatively the safety and efficiency of this system, nondestructive methods to assess the interactions between sap ascent kinetics and xylem structure are required. in this study, synchrotron x-ray microscopy was employed to observe anatomical structures and sap flow dynamics in rice (oryz ... | 2010 | 20735745 |
| genome-wide identification and analysis of drought-responsive micrornas in oryza sativa. | in addition to regulating growth and development, the most important function of micrornas (mirnas) in plants is the regulation of a variety of cellular processes underlying plant adaptation to environmental stresses. to gain a deep understanding of the mechanism of drought tolerance in rice, genome-wide profiling and analysis of mirnas was carried out in drought-challenged rice across a wide range of developmental stages, from tillering to inflorescence formation, using a microarray platform. a ... | 2010 | 20729483 |
| analysis of the rice mitochondrial carrier family reveals anaerobic accumulation of a basic amino acid carrier involved in arginine metabolism during seed germination. | given the substantial changes in mitochondrial gene expression, the mitochondrial proteome, and respiratory function during rice (oryza sativa) germination under anaerobic and aerobic conditions, we have attempted to identify changes in mitochondrial membrane transport capacity during these processes. we have assembled a preliminary rice mitochondrial carrier gene family of 50 members, defined its orthology to carriers of known function, and observed significant changes in microarray expression ... | 2010 | 20720170 |
| a core collection and mini core collection of oryza sativa l. in china. | the extent of and accessibility to genetic variation in a large germplasm collection are of interest to biologists and breeders. construction of core collections (cc) is a favored approach to efficient exploration and conservation of novel variation in genetic resources. using 4,310 chinese accessions of oryza sativa l. and 36 ssr markers, we investigated the genetic variation in different sized sub-populations, the factors that affect cc size and different sampling strategies in establishing cc ... | 2011 | 20717799 |
| coexpression analysis identifies rice starch regulator1, a rice ap2/erebp family transcription factor, as a novel rice starch biosynthesis regulator. | starch biosynthesis is important for plant development and is a critical factor in crop quality and nutrition. as a complex metabolic pathway, the regulation of starch biosynthesis is still poorly understood. we here present the identification of candidate regulators for starch biosynthesis by gene coexpression analysis in rice (oryza sativa). starch synthesis genes can be grouped into type i (in seeds; sink tissues) and type ii (in vegetative tissues; source tissues), and 307 and 621 coexpresse ... | 2010 | 20713616 |
| integrated proteomic and cytological study of rice endosperms at the storage phase. | the endosperm at the storage phase undergoes a series of coordinated cellular and metabolic events, including starchy endosperm cell death, starch synthesis, and starch granule packaging, which leads to efficient accumulation of starch. however, the mechanism underlying the interconnections remains unknown. we used integrated proteomic and cytological approaches to probe the interconnections in rice (oryza sativa) endosperm at the storage phase from 12 to 18 days after flowering (daf). starch gr ... | 2010 | 20712379 |
| [isolation of osfad2, osfad6 and fad family members response to abiotic stresses in oryza sativa l.]. | unsaturated fatty acids are synthesized by fatty acid desaturase in plant, which play an important role in plant development and defense to abiotic stresses. the key enzymes for the conversion of oleic into linoleic acid were isolated from rice (oryza sativa l.) and were designated osfad2 and osfad6, respectively. the open reading frame (orf) of osfad2 was 1 167 bp in length, which encoded a 388 amino acids sequence with the isoelectric point of 8.17 and molecular mass of 52.24 kda, the osfad2 p ... | 2010 | 20709682 |
| distribution and translocation of selenium from soil to grain and its speciation in paddy rice (oryza sativa l.). | selenium, an essential micronutrient for humans, is insufficient in dietary intake for millions of people worldwide. rice as the most popular staple food in the world is one of the dominant selenium (se) sources for people. the distribution and translocation of se from soil to grain were investigated in a se-rich environment in this study. the se levels in soils ranged widely from 0.5 to 47.7 mg kg(-1). selenium concentration in rice bran was 1.94 times higher than that in corresponding polished ... | 2010 | 20701283 |
| complete loss of photoperiodic response in the rice mutant line x61 is caused by deficiency of phytochrome chromophore biosynthesis gene. | in rice (oryza sativa), a short-day plant, photoperiod is the most favorable external signal for floral induction because of the constant seasonal change throughout the years. compared with arabidopsis, however, a large part of the regulation mechanism of the photoperiodic response in rice still remains unclear due mainly to the lack of induced mutant genes. an induced mutant line x61 flowers 35 days earlier than its original variety gimbozu under a natural photoperiod in kyoto (35°01'n). we att ... | 2011 | 20700573 |
| identification of a novel iron regulated basic helix-loop-helix protein involved in fe homeostasis in oryza sativa. | iron (fe) is the most limiting micronutrient element for crop production in alkaline soils. a number of transcription factors involved in regulating fe uptake from soil and transport in plants have been identified. analysis of transcriptome data from oryza sativa grown under limiting fe conditions reveals that transcript abundances of several genes encoding transcription factors are altered by fe availability. these transcription factors are putative regulators of fe deficiency responses. | 2010 | 20699001 |
| chromium stress in paddy: (i) nutrient status of paddy under chromium stress; (ii) phytoremediation of chromium by aquatic and terrestrial weeds. | a field experiment was conducted with paddy (oryza sativa l.) irrigated with different concentrations (control, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 200 mg/l) of chromium. the changes in growth, yield, nutrient content and chromium accumulation in the paddy are reported. the growth of shoot, root, total leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight and yield of the paddy gradually decreased with increasing cr concentration. similarly, the uptake of macronutrients (n, p, k) and micronutrients (mn, cu, zn, fe) w ... | 2010 | 20688280 |
| development of a versatile, target-oriented tiling microarray assay for measuring allele-specific gene expression. | in the study of gene expression, it is often desirable to distinguish transcript pools derived from different alleles present in the same organism. we report here an oligonucleotide tiling microarray designed to specifically target 518 single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) between the two sequenced rice (oryza sativa) subspecies indica and japonica. the tiling array included all 25-mer probes interrogating each snp by placing the polymorphic site at all 25 possible positions within the probe. t ... | 2010 | 20688151 |
| effect of processing paddy on digestibility of rice starch by in vitro studies. | paddy (oryza sativa l) (variety 'ir - 64'), was parboiled, puffed by sand roasting and flaked by edge runner and roller flaker and variations in physical and physicochemical properties were studied. moisture contents were lower (5.8-10.8%) in processed rice products compared to raw materials (11.8%). ratio of rice to sand in the case of puffed rice preparation was optimized. the equilibrium moisture content was 27.4% in raw rice while it was much higher (38.9-81.0%) in processed rice. sedimentat ... | 2010 | 23572662 |
| transcriptional-metabolic networks in beta-carotene-enriched potato tubers: the long and winding road to the golden phenotype. | vitamin a deficiency is a public health problem in a large number of countries. biofortification of major staple crops (wheat [triticum aestivum], rice [oryza sativa], maize [zea mays], and potato [solanum tuberosum]) with β-carotene has the potential to alleviate this nutritional problem. previously, we engineered transgenic "golden" potato tubers overexpressing three bacterial genes for β-carotene synthesis (crtb, crti, and crty, encoding phytoene synthase, phytoene desaturase, and lycopene β- ... | 2010 | 20671108 |
| monitoring homologous recombination in rice (oryza sativa l.). | here we describe a system to assay homologous recombination during the complete life cycle of rice (oryza sativa l.). rice plants were transformed with two copies of non-functional gus reporter overlap fragments as recombination substrate. recombination was observed in all plant organs examined, from the seed stage until the flowering stage of somatic plant development. embryogenic cells exhibited the highest recombination ability with an average of 3x10(-5) recombination events per genome, whic ... | 2010 | 20670635 |
| the association of multiple interacting genes with specific phenotypes in rice using gene coexpression networks. | discovering gene sets underlying the expression of a given phenotype is of great importance, as many phenotypes are the result of complex gene-gene interactions. gene coexpression networks, built using a set of microarray samples as input, can help elucidate tightly coexpressed gene sets (modules) that are mixed with genes of known and unknown function. functional enrichment analysis of modules further subdivides the coexpressed gene set into cofunctional gene clusters that may coexist in the mo ... | 2010 | 20668062 |
| efficient plant gene identification based on interspecies mapping of full-length cdnas. | we present an annotation pipeline that accurately predicts exon-intron structures and protein-coding sequences (cdss) on the basis of full-length cdnas (flcdnas). this annotation pipeline was used to identify genes in 10 plant genomes. in particular, we show that interspecies mapping of flcdnas to genomes is of great value in fully utilizing flcdna resources whose availability is limited to several species. because low sequence conservation at 5'- and 3'-ends of flcdnas between different species ... | 2010 | 20668003 |
| comparative proteomic analysis provides new insights into the regulation of carbon metabolism during leaf senescence of rice grown under field conditions. | in rice (oryza sativa), approximately 60-100% of the carbon in mature grains originates from co(2) assimilation during the grain-filling period, with the flag leaf as the most important contributor to the dry weight accumulation in grains. it is therefore important to understand molecular mechanisms of flag leaf senescence. to investigate the regulation of the metabolic network during leaf senescence, changes in protein expression were analyzed using a comparative proteomic approach during senes ... | 2010 | 20663584 |
| the rice dynamin-related protein drp2b mediates membrane trafficking, and thereby plays a critical role in secondary cell wall cellulose biosynthesis. | membrane trafficking between the plasma membrane (pm) and intracellular compartments is an important process that regulates the deposition and metabolism of cell wall polysaccharides. dynamin-related proteins (drps), which function in membrane tubulation and vesiculation are closely associated with cell wall biogenesis. however, the molecular mechanisms by which drps participate in cell wall formation are poorly understood. here, we report the functional characterization of brittle culm3 (bc3), ... | 2010 | 20663087 |
| simultaneously improving yield under drought stress and non-stress conditions: a case study of rice (oryza sativa l.). | drought is the most important factor limiting rice productivity in the rainfed areas of asia. in this study, 48 pyramiding lines (pls) and their recurrent parent, ir64, were evaluated over two years for their yield performances and related traits under severe drought stress at the reproductive stage (rs), the vegetative stage (vs) and irrigated control in order to understand the relationship between drought tolerance (dt) and yield potential (yp) in rice and their underlying mechanisms. when com ... | 2010 | 20660496 |
| speciation of methylmercury in rice grown from a mercury mining area. | monomethylmercury (ch3hg+ and its complexes; mehg hereafter) is a known developmental neurotoxin. recent studies have shown that rice (oryza sativa l.) grain grown from mercury (hg) mining areas may contain elevated mehg concentrations, raising concerns over the health of local residents who consume rice on a daily basis. an analytical method employing high performance liquid chromatography (hplc)--inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (icp-ms) following enzymatic hydrolysis was developed ... | 2010 | 20656392 |
| differential metabolic response of cultured rice (oryza sativa) cells exposed to high- and low-temperature stress. | global mean temperatures are expected to rise by 2-4.5 degrees c by 2100, accompanied by an increase in frequency and amplitude of extreme temperature events. greater climatic extremes and an expanded range of cultivation will expose rice to increasing stress in the future. understanding gene expression in disparate thermal regimes is important for the engineering of cultivars with tolerance to nonoptimal temperatures. our study investigated the proteomic responses of rice cell suspension cultur ... | 2010 | 20645384 |
| reversible and irreversible drought-induced changes in the anther proteome of rice (oryza sativa l.) genotypes ir64 and moroberekan. | crop yield is most sensitive to water deficit during the reproductive stage. for rice, the most sensitive yield component is spikelet fertility and the most sensitive stage is immediately before heading. here, we examined the effect of drought on the anther proteome of two rice genotypes: moroberekan and ir64. water was withheld for 3 d before heading (3dbh) in well watered controls for 5 d until the flag leaf relative water content (rwc) had declined to 45-50%. plants were then re-watered and h ... | 2011 | 20643753 |
| function annotation of the rice transcriptome at single-nucleotide resolution by rna-seq. | the functional complexity of the rice transcriptome is not yet fully elucidated, despite many studies having reported the use of dna microarrays. next-generation dna sequencing technologies provide a powerful approach for mapping and quantifying the transcriptome, termed rna sequencing (rna-seq). in this study, we applied rna-seq to globally sample transcripts of the cultivated rice oryza sativa indica and japonica subspecies for resolving the whole-genome transcription profiles. we identified 1 ... | 2010 | 20627892 |
| osspo11-1 is essential for both homologous chromosome pairing and crossover formation in rice. | spo11 is a homolog of a subunit of archaebacterial topoisomerase, which catalyzes dna double-strand breaks and initiates homologous chromosome recombination. in the present study, we silenced the spo11-1 gene in rice (oryza sativa) using rnai. rice plants with loss-of-function of osspo11-1 have no apparent growth defects during vegetative development, but homologous chromosome pairing and recombination are significantly obstructed. telomeres can be assembled as bouquet during the zygotene stage ... | 2010 | 20625906 |
| unconditional and conditional qtl mapping for the developmental behavior of tiller number in rice (oryza sativa l.). | a single segment substitution population of 26 lines and their recipient parent hua-jing-xian 74 (hjx74) were selected as experimental materials for analyzing the developmental behavior of tiller number in rice. by the unconditional qtl (quantitative trait locus) mapping method, a total number of 14 sssls were detected with qtls controlling rice tiller number. the number of qtls significantly affecting tiller number and their effect values estimated differed across measuring stages. more qtls co ... | 2010 | 20623365 |
| comparison of gene order of gigantea loci in yellow-poplar, monocots, and eudicots. | gigantea plays an important role in the control of circadian rhythms and photoperiodic flowering. the gigantea gene has been studied in various species, but not in basal angiosperms. moreover, to the best of our knowledge, no study of the genome organization of a basal angiosperm has yet been published. in this study, we sequenced a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) harboring gigantea from yellow-poplar (liriodendron tulipifera l.) and compared the genomic organization of this gene in yellow ... | 2010 | 20616875 |
| spaceflight-induced genetic and epigenetic changes in the rice (oryza sativa l.) genome are independent of each other. | an array of studies have reported that the spaceflight environment is mutagenic and may induce phenotypic and genetic changes in diverse organisms. we reported recently that in at least some plant species (e.g., rice) the spaceflight environment can be particularly potent in generating heritable epigenetic changes in the form of altered cytosine methylation patterns and activation of transposable elements. to further study the issue of spaceflight-induced genomic instability, and in particular t ... | 2010 | 20616874 |
| osc6, encoding a lipid transfer protein, is required for postmeiotic anther development in rice. | synthesis of lipidic components in anthers, including of the pollen exine, is essential for plant male reproductive development. plant lipid transfer proteins (ltps) are small, abundant lipid-binding proteins that have the ability to exchange lipids between membranes in vitro. however, their biological role in male reproductive development remains less understood. here, we report the crucial role of osc6 in regulating postmeiotic anther development in rice (oryza sativa). found in monocots, osc6 ... | 2010 | 20610705 |
| multiple introgression events surrounding the hd1 flowering-time gene in cultivated rice, oryza sativa l. | flowering time is a major determinant for the local adaptation of crops. hd1 is a key flowering-time gene in rice and is orthologous to the arabidopsis constans gene. to elucidate the role of hd1 in selection, we examined the hd1 alleles of 60 landraces of asian cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) originating from all regions of asia, which comprised three cultivar groups, indica, japonica, and aus. the identified alleles were classified into four allele groups. the functional hd1 alleles in allel ... | 2010 | 20607290 |
| disruption of a gene for rice sucrose transporter, ossut1, impairs pollen function but pollen maturation is unaffected. | sucrose transporters (suts) are known to play critical roles in the uptake of sucrose from the apoplast in various steps of sugar translocation. because developing pollen is symplastically isolated from anther tissues, it is hypothesized that suts are active in the uptake of apoplastic sucrose into pollen. to investigate this possibility, a comprehensive expression analysis was performed for members of the sut gene family in the developing pollen of rice (oryza sativa l.) using real-time rt-pcr ... | 2010 | 20603282 |
| combining qtl mapping and transcriptome profiling of bulked rils for identification of functional polymorphism for salt tolerance genes in rice (oryza sativa l.). | identification of genes for quantitative traits is difficult using any single approach due to complex inheritance of the traits and limited resolving power of the individual techniques. here a combination of genetic mapping and bulked transcriptome profiling was used to narrow down the number of differentially expressed salt-responsive genes in rice in order to identify functional polymorphism of genes underlying the quantitative trait loci (qtl). a population of recombinant inbred lines (rils) ... | 2010 | 20602115 |
| study of the changes in insoluble polysaccharides during pollen development in rice ( oryza sativa l.) by microscopic multispectral imaging. | multispectral analysis combined with the periodic acid-schiff method was used to investigate cytological features of insoluble polysaccharides and changes in total insoluble polysaccharide content (tpc) during pollen development in rice, including four cytoplasmic male sterility lines (msls) and their corresponding fertility-maintaining lines (fmls). the multispectral curves of the relative transmittance value (rtv) and the images of developing pollen cells were obtained across a range of succes ... | 2010 | 20598200 |
| qtlnetworkr: an interactive r package for qtl visualization. | qtlnetworkr is an r package that aims to provide a user-friendly and platform-independent tool to visualize quantitative trait loci (qtl) mapping results. the graphical functions of the qtlnetworkr are based upon lattice and grid packages, and the graphical user interface (gui) of the qtlnetworkr is built upon rgtk2 and gwidgetsrgtk2 packages. six functions are designed to help visualize marker interval, putative qtl, qtl-by-environment interactions, marker interval interactions, epistasis, and ... | 2010 | 20593516 |
| identification of gamyb-4 and analysis of the regulatory role of gamyb in rice anther development. | in higher plants, male reproductive development is a complex biological process that includes cell division and differentiation, cell to cell communication etc., while the mechanism underlying plant male reproductive development remains less understood. gamyb encodes a gibberellins acid (ga) inducible transcription factor that is required for the early anther development in rice (oryza sativa l.). here, we report the isolation and characterization of a new allele gamyb-4 with a c base deletion i ... | 2010 | 20590996 |
| adaptational changes in the lipids and fatty acid profile of the cell and thylakoid membrane of rice plants exposed to sunlight. | adaptational changes occurring in the lipids and fatty acids of the cell and the thylakoid membrane in response to high light treatment, was studied in 30 days old rice (oryza sativa l. cv. jyothi) plants grown under low (150-200 μmol m(-2) s(-1)) or moderate (600-800 μmol m(-2) s(-1)) light conditions. results were compared with rice plants grown in high (1200-2200 μmol m(-2) s(-1)) light conditions. exposure of rice plants and isolated chloroplast to high light, resulted in an increase in the ... | 2010 | 23572973 |
| involvement of cytokinins in the grain filling of rice under alternate wetting and drying irrigation. | cytokinins may reflect soil water status and regulate rice (oryza sativa l.) grain filling. this study investigated the changes in cytokinin levels in rice plants and their relations with grain filling under alternate wetting and drying irrigation. two 'super' rice cultivars were field grown. three irrigation regimes, alternate wetting and moderate soil drying (wmd), alternate wetting and severe soil drying (wsd), and conventional irrigation (ci, continuously flooded), were imposed after floweri ... | 2010 | 20584789 |
| identification of a beta-glucosidase hydrolyzing tuberonic acid glucoside in rice (oryza sativa l.). | tuberonic acid (ta) and its glucoside (tag) have been isolated from potato (solanum tuberosum l.) leaflets and shown to exhibit tuber-inducing properties. these compounds were reported to be biosynthesized from jasmonic acid (ja) by hydroxylation and subsequent glycosylation, and to be contained in various plant species. here we describe the in vivo hydrolytic activity of tag in rice. in this study, the ta resulting from tag was not converted into ja. tuberonic acid glucoside (tag)-hydrolyzing b ... | 2010 | 20570296 |
| influence of commodity type, percentage of cracked kernels, and wheat class on population growth of stored-product psocids (psocoptera: liposcelidae). | differences in stored-product psocid progeny production as a function of commodity type, percentage of cracked kernels, and wheat class were examined using laboratory bioassays. population growth of liposcelis bostrychophila badonnel, liposcelis decolor (pearman), liposcelis paeta pearman, and liposcelis entomophila (enderlein) (psocoptera: liposcelididae) was highest on sorghum sorghum bicolor (l.) moench, followed by wheat, triticum aestivum l., and rice, oryza sativa l., whereas progeny produ ... | 2010 | 20568647 |
| dth8 suppresses flowering in rice, influencing plant height and yield potential simultaneously. | the three most important agronomic traits of rice (oryza sativa), yield, plant height, and flowering time, are controlled by many quantitative trait loci (qtls). in this study, a newly identified qtl, dth8 (qtl for days to heading on chromosome 8), was found to regulate these three traits in rice. map-based cloning reveals that dth8 encodes a putative hap3 subunit of the ccaat-box-binding transcription factor and the complementary experiment increased significantly days to heading, plant height, ... | 2010 | 20566706 |
| rice suvh histone methyltransferase genes display specific functions in chromatin modification and retrotransposon repression. | histone lysine methylation plays an important role in heterochromatin formation and reprogramming of gene expression. set-domain-containing proteins are shown to have histone lysine methyltransferase activities. a large number of set-domain genes are identified in plant genomes. the function of most set-domain genes is not known. in this work, we studied the 12 rice (oryza sativa) homologs of su(var)3-9, the histone h3 lysine 9 (h3k9) methyltransferase identified in drosophila. several rice suvh ... | 2010 | 20566579 |
| optimizing tillage schedule for maintaining activity of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal population in a rainfed upland rice (oryza sativa l.) agro-ecosystem. | rainfed uplands in india are predominantly mono-cropped with rice (oryza sativa l.) in the wet season (june/july to september/october) and grown under aerobic soil conditions. the remaining fallow period (winter followed by summer) of about 8-9 months leads to natural crash in the population of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) in the soil. attempts have been made to minimize this population crash by reducing soil disturbance-induced deleterious effects on native amf activity of improper ... | 2011 | 20544229 |
| silicon alleviates drought stress of rice plants by improving plant water status, photosynthesis and mineral nutrient absorption. | drought is a major constraint for rice production in the rainfed lowlands in china. silicon (si) has been verified to play an important role in enhancing plant resistance to environmental stress. two near-isogenic lines of rice (oryza sativa l.), w-14 (drought susceptible) and w-20 (drought resistant), were selected to study the effects of exogenous si application on the physiological traits and nutritional status of rice under drought stress. in wet conditions, si supply had no effects on growt ... | 2011 | 20532668 |
| orthologous comparisons of the hd1 region across genera reveal hd1 gene lability within diploid oryza species and disruptions to microsynteny in sorghum. | heading date is one of the most important quantitative traits responsible for the domestication of rice. we compared a 155-kb reference segment of the oryza sativa ssp. japonica cv. nipponbare genome surrounding hd1, a major heading date gene in rice, with orthologous regions from nine diploid oryza species that diverged over a relatively short time frame (∼16 my) to study sequence evolution around a domestication locus. the orthologous hd1 region from sorghum bicolor was included to compare and ... | 2010 | 20522726 |
| analysis of antisense expression by whole genome tiling microarrays and sirnas suggests mis-annotation of arabidopsis orphan protein-coding genes. | micrornas (mirnas) and trans-acting small-interfering rnas (tasi-rnas) are small (20-22 nt long) rnas (smrnas) generated from hairpin secondary structures or antisense transcripts, respectively, that regulate gene expression by watson-crick pairing to a target mrna and altering expression by mechanisms related to rna interference. the high sequence homology of plant mirnas to their targets has been the mainstay of mirna prediction algorithms, which are limited in their predictive power for other ... | 2010 | 20520764 |
| identification of gibberellin acid-responsive proteins in rice leaf sheath using proteomics. | the phytohormone gibberellin acid (ga) controls many aspects of plant development. in this study, we identified proteins that are differentially expressed between the rice (oryza sativa l.) ga-deficient cultivar, aijiaonante, and its parental line, nante. proteins were extracted from rice leaf sheath and examined by 2dge. among more than 1200 protein spots reproducibly detected on each gel, 29 were found to be highly up-regulated by gas in nante, and 6 were down-regulated by gas in aijiaonante. ... | 2010 | 20515728 |
| distinct regulation of adaxial-abaxial polarity in anther patterning in rice. | establishment of adaxial-abaxial polarity is essential for lateral organ development. the mechanisms underlying the polarity establishment in the stamen remain unclear, whereas those in the leaf are well understood. here, we investigated a rod-like lemma (rol) mutant of rice (oryza sativa), in which the development of the stamen and lemma is severely compromised. we found that the rod-like structure of the lemma and disturbed anther patterning resulted from defects in the regulation of adaxial-a ... | 2010 | 20511295 |
| genome-scale analysis and comparison of gene expression profiles in developing and germinated pollen in oryza sativa. | pollen development from the microspore involves a series of coordinated cellular events, and the resulting mature pollen has a specialized function to quickly germinate, produce a polar-growth pollen tube derived from the vegetative cell, and deliver two sperm cells into the embryo sac for double fertilization. the gene expression profiles of developing and germinated pollen have been characterised by use of the eudicot model plant arabidopsis. rice, one of the most important cereal crops, has b ... | 2010 | 20507633 |
| genomic survey, characterization and expression profile analysis of the peptide transporter family in rice (oryza sativa l.). | peptide transporter (ptr) family whose member can transport di-/tripeptides and nitrate is important for plant growth and development. although the rice (oryza sativa l.) genome has been sequenced for a few years, a genomic survey, characterization and expression profile analysis of the ptr family in this species has not been reported. | 2010 | 20487558 |
| a simple optimization can improve the performance of single feature polymorphism detection by affymetrix expression arrays. | high-density oligonucleotide arrays are effective tools for genotyping numerous loci simultaneously. in small genome species (genome size: < approximately 300 mb), whole-genome dna hybridization to expression arrays has been used for various applications. in large genome species, transcript hybridization to expression arrays has been used for genotyping. although rice is a fully sequenced model plant of medium genome size (approximately 400 mb), there are a few examples of the use of rice oligon ... | 2010 | 20482895 |
| putrescine differently influences the effect of salt stress on polyamine metabolism and ethylene synthesis in rice cultivars differing in salt resistance. | effects of salt stress on polyamine metabolism and ethylene production were examined in two rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars [i kong pao (ikp), salt sensitive; and pokkali, salt resistant] grown for 5 d and 12 d in nutrient solution in the presence or absence of putrescine (1 mm) and 0, 50, and 100 mm nacl. the salt-sensitive (ikp) and salt-resistant (pokkali) cultivars differ not only in their mean levels of putrescine, but also in the physiological functions assumed by this molecule in stresse ... | 2010 | 20472577 |
| a genetic model for the female sterility barrier between asian and african cultivated rice species. | s(1) is the most important locus acting as a reproductive barrier between oryza sativa and o. glaberrima. it is a complex locus, with factors that may affect male and female fertility separately. recently, the component causing the allelic elimination of pollen was fine mapped. however, the position and nature of the component causing female sterility remains unknown. to fine map the factor of the s(1) locus affecting female fertility, we developed a mapping approach based on the evaluation of t ... | 2010 | 20457876 |
| osnoa1/rif1 is a functional homolog of atnoa1/rif1: implication for a highly conserved plant cgtpase essential for chloroplast function. | *the bacterial protein yqeh is a circularly permuted gtpase with homologs encoded by plant nuclear genomes. the rice homolog osnoa1/rif1 is encoded by the single-copy gene os02g01440. osnoa1/rif1 is expressed in different tissues and is light-inducible. the osnoa1/rif1-eyfp fusion protein was targeted to chloroplasts in transgenic arabidopsis plants. in addition, the rice homolog was able to rescue most of the growth phenotypes in an arabidopsis rif1 mutant. *rice (oryza sativa) osnoa1/rif1 rnai ... | 2010 | 20456051 |
| structure, allelic diversity and selection of asr genes, candidate for drought tolerance, in oryza sativa l. and wild relatives. | asr (aba, stress, ripening) genes represent a small gene family potentially involved in drought tolerance in several plant species. to analyze their interest for rice breeding for water-limited environments, this gene family was characterized further. genomic organization of the gene family reveals six members located on four different chromosomes and with the same exon-intron structure. the maintenance of six members of the asr gene family, which are the result of combination between tandem dup ... | 2010 | 20454772 |
| genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships in genus oryza revealed by using highly variable regions of chloroplast dna. | we studied the phylogeny of the genus oryza using chloroplast dna sequences. to identify regions containing sufficient variation for elucidating the relationship of closely related species with fine resolution and high reliability, we first compared the complete chloroplast sequences of oryza sativa japonica, o. sativa indica, and o. nivara, and identified regions containing many variant sites. nucleotide sequences of the variant regions were newly determined in 19 oryza species including 58 cul ... | 2010 | 20450965 |
| changes in protein expression profiles between a low phytic acid rice ( oryza sativa l. ssp. japonica) line and its parental line: a proteomic and bioinformatic approach. | the seed proteome of a low phytic acid (lpa) rice line (os-lpa-xs110-1), developed as a novel food source, was compared to that of its parental line, xiushui 110 (xs-110). analysis by surfaced enhanced laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (seldi-tof ms) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) allowed the detection of a potential low molecular weight biomarker and identification of 23 differentially expressed proteins that include stress-related proteins, storage pr ... | 2010 | 20441221 |
| identification of extracellular matrix proteins of rice (oryza sativa l.) involved in dehydration-responsive network: a proteomic approach. | water-deficit or dehydration impairs almost all physiological processes and greatly influences the geographical distribution of many crop species. it has been postulated that higher plants rely mostly on induction mechanisms to maintain cellular integrity during stress conditions. plant cell wall or extracellular matrix (ecm) forms an important conduit for signal transduction between the apoplast and symplast and acts as front-line defense, thereby playing a key role in cell fate decision under ... | 2010 | 20433195 |
| genome-wide identification, classification, and expression analysis of the arabinogalactan protein gene family in rice (oryza sativa l.). | arabinogalactan proteins (agps) comprise a family of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins that are implicated in plant growth and development. in this study, 69 agps are identified from the rice genome, including 13 classical agps, 15 arabinogalactan (ag) peptides, three non-classical agps, three early nodulin-like agps (enod-like agps), eight non-specific lipid transfer protein-like agps (nsltp-like agps), and 27 fasciclin-like agps (flas). the results from expressed sequence tags, microarrays, an ... | 2010 | 20423940 |
| quality determination of nickel-loaded silica prepared from poaceous biomass. | klason lignin or preacid hydrolysate of a poaceous biomass such as rice husk, rice straw ( oryza sativa ), and wheat straw ( triticum aestivum ) became a good source of highly pure silica by simple calcinations in the testing process for application of high-boiling solvent (hbs) pulping of agricultural byproduct. especially, klason lignin or preacid hydrolysis residue of rice husks offered highly purified silica, which was converted to an excellent ni/sio(2) catalyst for methanation of carbon di ... | 2010 | 20423088 |
| redox homeostasis, antioxidant defense, and methylglyoxal detoxification as markers for salt tolerance in pokkali rice. | to identify biochemical markers for salt tolerance, two contrasting cultivars of rice (oryza sativa l.) differing in salt tolerance were analyzed for various parameters. pokkali, a salt-tolerant cultivar, showed considerably lower level of h(2)o(2) as compared to ir64, a sensitive cultivar, and such a physiology may be ascribed to the higher activity of enzymes in pokkali, which either directly or indirectly are involved in the detoxification of h(2)o(2). enzyme activities and the isoenzyme patt ... | 2010 | 20419461 |
| biochemical and physiological responses of rice (oryza sativa l.) grown on different sewage sludge amendments rates. | using sewage sludge, a biological residue from sewage treatment processes, in agriculture is an alternative disposal technique of waste. to study the biochemical and physiological responses of rice (oryza sativa l.) grown on different sewage sludge amendments (ssa) rates a field experiment was conducted by mixing sewage sludge at 0, 3, 4.5, 6, 9, 12 kg m(-2) rate to the agricultural soil. rate of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance increased in plants grown at different ssa rate. chlorophyll ... | 2010 | 20414639 |
| screening of ir50 x rathu heenati f7 rils and identification of ssr markers linked to brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens stål) resistance in rice (oryza sativa l.). | brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens stål) is one of the major insect pests of rice. a sri lankan indica rice cultivar rathu heenati was found to be resistant to all biotypes of the brown planthopper. in the present study, a total of 268 f(7) rils of ir50 and rathu heenati were phenotyped for their level of resistance against bph by the standard seedbox screening test (ssst) in the greenhouse. a total of 53 ssr primers mapped on the chromosome 3 were used to screen the polymorphism between the ... | 2010 | 20396978 |
| effect of three insecticides and two herbicides on rice (oryza sativa) seedling germination and growth. | rice (oryza sativa l.) is one of the most important food crops worldwide. however, it is also a valuable tool in assessing toxicity of organic and inorganic compounds. for more than 20 years, it has been an approved species for standardized phytotoxicity experiments. the objective of this study is to determine germination and radicle (root) and coleoptile (shoot) growth of rice seeds exposed to three insecticides and two herbicides, commonly used in the agricultural production landscape. althoug ... | 2010 | 20387062 |
| dna methylation mediated by a microrna pathway. | in plants, the known micrornas (mirnas) are produced as approximately 21 nucleotide (nt) duplexes from their precursors by dicer-like 1 (dcl1). they are incorporated into argonaute 1 (ago1) protein to regulate target gene expression primarily through mrna cleavage. we report here the discovery of a class of mirnas in the model monocot rice (oryza sativa). these are 24 nt in length and require another member of the dicer family, dcl3, for their biogenesis. the 24 nt long mirnas (lmirnas) are load ... | 2010 | 20381393 |
| identification and gene mapping of a novel mutant supernumerary lodicules (snl) in rice. | in order to gain a better understanding of rice flower development, a rice flower mutant supernumerary lodicules (snl), which was identified from ethyl methane sulfonate (ems)-treated jinhui10 (oryza sativa l. ssp. indica) was used in the present study. in the snl mutant, the palea obtained lemma identity, additional glume-like organs formed, lodicules increased and elongated, stamens decreased, and a few aberrant carpels formed. these phenotypes suggest that snl is involved in the entire rice f ... | 2010 | 20377687 |
| characterization and fine mapping of the glabrous leaf and hull mutants (gl1) in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the glabrous leaf and hull (gl1) mutants were isolated from m(2) generation of indica cultivar 93-11. these mutants produced smooth leaves and hairless glumes under normal growth conditions. by analyzing through scanning electron microscope, it was revealed that the leaf trichomes, including macro and micro hairs, were deficient in these mutants. genetic analysis indicated that the mutation was controlled by a single recessive gene. using nine ssr markers and one indel marker, the gl1 gene was m ... | 2010 | 20376671 |
| identification of candidate genes for grain number in rice (oryza sativa l.). | large number of well-filled grains per panicle is an important yield component trait in rice. a combination of qtl mapping and transcriptome profiling was used to identify candidate genes for grain number. a framework linkage map was constructed using 166 ssr markers evenly distributed over the 12 rice chromosomes. qtl mapping using 3 years phenotyping data on a set of recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between pusa 1266 (high grain number) and pusa basmati 1 (low grain number) identi ... | 2010 | 20376514 |
| distribution patterns of inorganic mercury and methylmercury in tissues of rice (oryza sativa l.) plants and possible bioaccumulation pathways. | whole rice plants (oryza sativa l.) were collected at different typical mercury (hg) contaminated sites during regular harvest periods to investigate the distribution of inorganic mercury (ihg) and methylmercury (mehg) in tissues. the whole rice plants were divided into rice seed (brown rice), hull, root, stalk and leaf. elevated ihg and mehg concentrations were observed in rice plants cultivated in hg mining area compared to those obtained from the control site, which attributed to the hg conta ... | 2010 | 20369851 |
| [effect of napthalene on the dna methylation patterns and level in rice (oryza sativa l.)]. | in this study,two elite rice inbred lines, nipponbare and mastumae were selected and irrigated with naphthalene solution with different concentrations. epigenetic instabilities in the blade of the plants in tillering and heading stage were assessed by msap marks. the results showed that naphthalene exposure induced epigenetic variations in all the samples based on different levels and patterns of dna methylation. the changes of the percentage of 5-methylcytosine have no regulation. in total 1051 ... | 2010 | 20358845 |
| defining reference genes in oryza sativa using organ, development, biotic and abiotic transcriptome datasets. | reference genes are widely used to normalise transcript abundance data determined by quantitative rt-pcr and microarrays. however, the approaches taken to define reference genes can be variable. although oryza sativa (rice) is a widely used model plant and important crop specie, there has been no comprehensive analysis carried out to define superior reference genes. | 2010 | 20353606 |
| a new approach for obtaining rapid uniformity in rice (oryza sativa l.) via a 3x x 2x cross. | a triploid (2n = 3x = 36) rice plant was obtained by screening a twin seedling population in which each seed germinated to two or three sprouts that were then crossed with diploid plants. one diploid plant was chosen among the various f(1) progenies and developed into an f (2) population via self-pollination. compared with the control variety shanyou 63, this f (2) population had a stable agronomical performance in field trials, as confirmed by the f-test. the stability of the f (2) population w ... | 2010 | 21637489 |
| analysing lodging of the panicle bearing cereal teff (eragrostis tef). | lodging, the permanent displacement of crop plants from their vertical because of root or shoot failure, is a major yield constraint of the gluten free, panicle bearing cereal teff. the objective of this paper was to analyse the causes of lodging of teff by using, modifying and validating conventional biomechanical models. the model parameters were obtained from a field trial with two contrasting teff cultivars, using novel in situ and laboratory measurements under wet and dry conditions. cross- ... | 2010 | 20345637 |
| plant twitter: ligands under 140 amino acids enforcing stomatal patterning. | stomata are an essential land plant innovation whose patterning and density are under genetic and environmental control. recently, several putative ligands have been discovered that influence stomatal density, and they all belong to the epidermal patterning factor-like family of secreted cysteine-rich peptides. two of these putative ligands, epf1 and epf2, are expressed exclusively in the stomatal lineage cells and negatively regulate stomatal density. a third, epfl6 or challah, is also a negati ... | 2010 | 20336477 |
| root-specific expression of osnac10 improves drought tolerance and grain yield in rice under field drought conditions. | drought poses a serious threat to the sustainability of rice (oryza sativa) yields in rain-fed agriculture. here, we report the results of a functional genomics approach that identified a rice nac (an acronym for nam [no apical meristem], ataf1-2, and cuc2 [cup-shaped cotyledon]) domain gene, osnac10, which improved performance of transgenic rice plants under field drought conditions. of the 140 osnac genes predicted in rice, 18 were identified to be induced by stress conditions. phylogenic anal ... | 2010 | 20335401 |
| carbon starved anther encodes a myb domain protein that regulates sugar partitioning required for rice pollen development. | in flowering plants, sink tissues rely on transport of carbohydrates from photosynthetic tissues (sources) for nutrition and energy. however, how sugar partitioning in plants is regulated at the molecular level during development remains unknown. we have isolated and characterized a rice (oryza sativa) mutant, carbon starved anther (csa), that showed increased sugar contents in leaves and stems and reduced levels of sugars and starch in floral organs. in particular, the csa mutant had reduced le ... | 2010 | 20305120 |
| atlas of rice grain filling-related metabolism under high temperature: joint analysis of metabolome and transcriptome demonstrated inhibition of starch accumulation and induction of amino acid accumulation. | high temperature impairs grain filling by inhibiting the deposition of storage materials such as starch and protein. to comprehend its impact on grain filling metabolism in rice (oryza sativa), levels of metabolites and transcripts related to central pathways of metabolism were simultaneously determined in developing caryopses exposed to high temperature (33 degrees c/28 degrees c) and a control temperature (25 degrees c/20 degrees c) during the milky stage. a capillary electrophoresis-based met ... | 2010 | 20304786 |
| a clomazone immunoassay to study the environmental fate of the herbicide in rice (oryza sativa) agriculture. | the environmental impact of rice agriculture is poorly studied in developing countries, mainly due to limitations of the analytical capacity. here, we report the development of a clomazone enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a fast and cost-effective tool to monitor the dissipation of this herbicide along the harvest. antibodies were prepared using different strategies of hapten conjugation, and the best hapten/antibody pair was selected. it proved to be a reliable tool to measure the herbicide ... | 2010 | 20302341 |
| wdbtf: an integrated database resource for studying wheat transcription factor families. | transcription factors (tfs) regulate gene expression by interacting with promoters of their target genes and are classified into families based on their dna-binding domains. genes coding for tfs have been identified in the sequences of model plant genomes. the rice (oryza sativa spp. japonica) genome contains 2,384 tf gene models, which represent the mrna transcript of a locus, classed into 63 families. | 2010 | 20298594 |
| physiological and proteomic characterization of manganese sensitivity and tolerance in rice (oryza sativa) in comparison with barley (hordeum vulgare). | research on manganese (mn) toxicity and tolerance indicates that mn toxicity develops apoplastically through increased peroxidase activities mediated by phenolics and mn, and mn tolerance could be conferred by sequestration of mn in inert cell compartments. this comparative study focuses on mn-sensitive barley (hordeum vulgare) and mn-tolerant rice (oryza sativa) as model organisms to unravel the mechanisms of mn toxicity and/or tolerance in monocots. | 2010 | 20237113 |
| association mapping of stigma and spikelet characteristics in rice (oryza sativa l.). | stigma and spikelet characteristics play an essential role in hybrid seed production. a mini-core of 90 accessions developed from usda rice core collection was phenotyped in field grown for nine traits of stigma and spikelet and genotyped with 109 dna markers, 108 ssrs plus an indel. three major clusters were built upon rogers' genetic distance, indicative of indicas, and temperate and tropical japonicas. a mixed linear model combining pc-matrix and k-matrix was adapted for mapping marker-trait ... | 2009 | 20234878 |
| ele restrains empty glumes from developing into lemmas. | although there is evident homology among reproductive organs when comparing poaceae (grass) and eudicots, the identity of grass specific organs, such as lodicules, palea, lemma, and glumes has been the subject of a vast and largely inconclusive discussion. here we provide some direct evidence to support the idea that the empty glumes of rice (oryza sativa) are counterparts of lemmas. we show that the development of empty glumes is regulated by ele (elongated empty glume), which belongs to a plan ... | 2010 | 20227044 |
| evaluation of the impacts of different nuclear dna content in the hull, endosperm, and embryo of rice seeds on gm rice quantification. | rice (oryza sativa) is a main staple food in the world, and several genetically modified (gm) rice events have been approved for commercialization. to accurately quantify gm contents in rice derived products, we have evaluated the variation of seed dna density and nuclear dna content in the hull, endosperm, and embryo of rice seeds from 19 cultivars, as well as their impacts on gm rice quantification. rice endosperm dna accounts for 73.71% of total seed dna, whereas the hull and embryo dnas acco ... | 2010 | 20222712 |
| identification of fe-excess-induced genes in rice shoots reveals a wrky transcription factor responsive to fe, drought and senescence. | fe participates in several important reactions in plant metabolism. however, fe homeostasis in plants is not completely understood, and molecular studies on fe-excess stress are scarce. rice (oryza sativa l. ssp. indica) is largely cultivated in submerged conditions, where the extremely reductive environment can lead to severe fe overload. in this work, we used representational difference analysis (rda) to isolate sequences up-regulated in rice shoots after exposure to fe-excess. we isolated 24 ... | 2010 | 20217243 |
| identification and organization of chloroplastic and cytosolic l-myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase coding gene(s) in oryza sativa: comparison with the wild halophytic rice, porteresia coarctata. | the gene coding for rice chloroplastic l-myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (mips; ec 5.5.1.4) has been identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of the purified and immunologically cross-reactive approximately 60 kda chloroplastic protein following two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which exhibited sequence identity with the cytosolic mips coded by osino1-1 gene. a possible chloroplastic transit peptide sequence was identified upstr ... | 2010 | 20213122 |
| differential oxidative metabolism and 5-ketoclomazone accumulation are involved in echinochloa phyllopogon resistance to clomazone. | echinochloa phyllopogon (late watergrass) is a major weed of california rice (oryza sativa) that has evolved cytochrome p450-mediated metabolic resistance to different herbicides with multiple modes of action. e. phyllopogon populations from sacramento valley rice fields have also recently shown resistance to the herbicide clomazone. clomazone is a proherbicide that must be metabolized to 5-ketoclomazone, which is the active compound that inhibits deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate synthase, a key enzyme ... | 2010 | 20207709 |
| transcriptome-wide identification of microrna targets in rice. | microrna (mirna)-guided target rna expression is vital for a wide variety of biological processes in eukaryotes. currently, mirbase (version 13) lists 142 and 353 mirnas from arabidopsis and rice (oryza sativa), respectively. the integration of mirnas in diverse biological networks relies upon the confirmation of their rna targets. in contrast with the well-characterized mirna targets that are cleaved in arabidopsis, only a few such targets have been confirmed in rice. to identify small rna targ ... | 2010 | 20202174 |
| zebra-necrosis, a thylakoid-bound protein, is critical for the photoprotection of developing chloroplasts during early leaf development. | the zebra-necrosis (zn) mutant of rice (oryza sativa) produces transversely green/yellow-striped leaves. the mutant phenotype is formed by unequal impairment of chloroplast biogenesis before emergence from the leaf sheath under alternate light/dark or high/low temperatures (restrictive), but not under constant light and temperature (permissive) conditions. map-based cloning revealed that zn encodes a thylakoid-bound protein of unknown function. virus-induced gene silencing of a zn homolog in nic ... | 2010 | 20202171 |
| expression analysis and functional characterization of the monosaccharide transporters, ostmts, involving vacuolar sugar transport in rice (oryza sativa). | in arabidopsis, the compartmentation of sugars into vacuoles is known to be facilitated by sugar transporters. however, vacuolar sugar transporters have not been studied in detail in other plant species. to characterize the rice (oryza sativa) tonoplast monosaccharide transporters, ostmt1 and ostmt2, we analysed their subcellular localization using green fluorescent protein (gfp) and expression patterns using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), performed histochemical beta- ... | 2010 | 20202129 |
| phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase intrinsically located in the chloroplast of rice plays a crucial role in ammonium assimilation. | phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc) is a key enzyme of primary metabolism in bacteria, algae, and vascular plants, and is believed to be cytosolic. here we show that rice (oryza sativa l.) has a plant-type pepc, osppc4, that is targeted to the chloroplast. osppc4 was expressed in all organs tested and showed high expression in the leaves. its expression in the leaves was confined to mesophyll cells, and osppc4 accounted for approximately one-third of total pepc protein in the leaf blade. reco ... | 2010 | 20194759 |
| an unedited 1.1 kb mitochondrial orfb gene transcript in the wild abortive cytoplasmic male sterility (wa-cms) system of oryza sativa l. subsp. indica. | the application of hybrid rice technology has significantly increased global rice production during the last three decades. approximately 90% of the commercially cultivated rice hybrids have been derived through three-line breeding involving the use of wa-cms lines. it is believed that during the 21st century, hybrid rice technology will make significant contributions to ensure global food security. this study examined the poorly understood molecular basis of the wa-cms system in rice. | 2010 | 20193092 |
| arsenic as a food chain contaminant: mechanisms of plant uptake and metabolism and mitigation strategies. | arsenic (as) is an environmental and food chain contaminant. excessive accumulation of as, particularly inorganic arsenic (as(i)), in rice (oryza sativa) poses a potential health risk to populations with high rice consumption. rice is efficient at as accumulation owing to flooded paddy cultivation that leads to arsenite mobilization, and the inadvertent yet efficient uptake of arsenite through the silicon transport pathway. iron, phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon interact strongly with as during i ... | 2010 | 20192735 |