| dendritic morphology of dopaminergic cells revealed by intracellular injection of lucifer yellow in fixed carp retina. | the dendritic morphology of dopaminergic cells in carp retinas was investigated by identifying their fluorescent cell bodies in isolated, aldehyde-fixed preparations and injecting them iontophoretically with lucifer yellow ch (ly) under microscopic control. the ly-injected cells were examined in flatmount and in radial cryosections. the cell bodies were located at the inner margin of the inner nuclear layer (the amacrine cell sublayer), and gave rise to 3-5 primary dendrites that branched repeat ... | 1986 | 3011192 |
| genetic differences between the chinese and european races of common carp : 5. differential adaptation to manure and artificial feeds. | common carp of the chinese and european races and their cross were tested in different environments. the test groups were either stocked together into the same pond, or each group was stocked separately. mean growth, taken as a measure of the quality of the environment, varied widely between treatments. genotype-environment interactions were estimated by the regression of growth of different genetic groups on this measure of environment. proportional growth differences between the european and e ... | 1986 | 24247778 |
| changes in gonadotropin and ovarian steroids associated with oocytes maturation during spawning induction in the carp. | the present study correlates the profiles of certain ovarian steroid hormones with stages of oocyte maturation in common carp induced to spawn by classic hypophysation. sixteen females were injected at midday with a calibrated homologous pituitary extract (cpe) containing 0.07 mg immunoreactive cgth/kg body wt, as a priming dose. ten of those females were injected 11 hr later with cpe containing 0.35 mg ir cgth/kg body wt as an induction dose (group p + in). the other females were left without f ... | 1986 | 3781219 |
| anesthesia and recovery with tricaine methanesulfonate, eugenol and thiopental sodium in the carp, cyprinus carpio. | | 1986 | 3712895 |
| calcium-independent stimulation of glycogenolysis by arginine vasotocin and catecholamines in liver of the axolotl (ambystoma mexicanum) in vitro. | arginine vasotocin (avt) caused a concentration-dependent increase of glycogen phosphorylase alpha activity, breakdown of glycogen and release of glucose, when added to pieces of axolotl liver in organ culture. the concentration causing half-maximal response (ec50) was about 1 nmol/l. these actions of avt were unaffected by the adrenergic antagonists propranolol, yohimbine and prazosin, but were blocked by equimolar amounts of d(ch2)5tyr(me)avt, a synthetic antagonist of vasopressin. arginine va ... | 1986 | 3701246 |
| circadian variations in plasma osmolality, electrolytes, glucose, and cortisol in carp (cyprinus carpio). | male carps (cyprinus carpio) of about 1.5 kg were used in all experiments performed in december and february. blood was taken by heart-puncture within 1 min or less every 4 hr from different fishes during a 24-hr period to establish circadian rhythmicities of all parameters. the water temperature was 11-12 degrees. in december circadian variations could be calculated for cortisol, na+ and plasma osmolality in partly fed carps and for cortisol, ca2+, glucose, and plasma osmolality in food deprive ... | 1986 | 3956997 |
| [zschokkella (protozoa: myxosporea) in the gallbladder of cyprinus carpio (osteichthyes) in east germany]. | the gallbladder of two-yearling carps caught in a lake in the region of frankfurt-on-oder was found invaded with zschokkella sp., which is the first case recorded in the german democratic republic. | 1986 | 3717686 |
| localization and quantitative distribution of biogenic monoamines in the intestinal tract of locust, snail and carp. | the localization and quantitative distribution of the biogenic monoamines of the intestinal tract has been studied in locusta migratoria, helix pomatia and cyprinus carpio with morphological and biochemical methods. electron microscopically dense-core vesicles of aminergic character were found in the varicose nerve fibres located in the intestinal muscles of all three animal species. intensive green fluorescence characteristic of catecholamines was detectable in both the varicose nerve fibres an ... | 1986 | 20493154 |
| metal ion binding to parvalbumin. a proton nmr study. | the 1h nmr spectra of carp parvalbumin saturated with ca2+, cd2+, la3+ and lu3+ were compared, using 2d 1h nmr techniques as well as conventional 1h nmr spectra. the ca2+ and cd2+ saturated parvalbumin (with both high affinity ca2+-binding sites occupied) gave rise to very similar spectra. this shows that these two species have almost identical protein conformations. the 1h nmr spectrum from the ln3+ saturated parvalbumins deviated from the other two and it was therefore concluded that cd2+ is a ... | 1986 | 3962552 |
| proline hydroxylation of collagens synthesized at different temperatures in vivo by two poikilothermic species. | extent of prolyl hydroxylation in newly synthesized viper collagen is decreased at 10 degrees c to approximately 23% of normal on skin and to approximately 57% of normal in bone collagen. at 20 degrees c, prolyl hydroxylation is approximately 50% of normal in skin and normal in bone. at 10 degrees c and 20 degrees c, prolyl hydroxylation is decreased approximately 32% in the skin collagen of carp. in contrast, prolyl hydroxylation is unchanged at 10 and 20 degrees c in bone, scale and lepidotric ... | 1986 | 3956164 |
| presence of tonofilaments and thymic serum factor (fts) in thymic epithelial cells of a fresh water fish (carp: cyprinus carpio) and a sea water fish (bass: dicentrarchus labrax). | using indirect immunofluorescence we demonstrated the presence of fts in two fishes; the size of epithelial cells of the carp is smaller than of the bass. | 1986 | 3798525 |
| identification of intergeneric nucleo-cytoplasmic hybrid fish obtained from the combination of carp nucleus and crucian cytoplasm. | | 1986 | 3749147 |
| proportions of mono- and diacetylated forms of alpha msh in individual neurointermediate lobe extracts of cyprinus carpio l. | the proportions of the mono- and diacetylated forms of alpha msh in individual carp neurointermediate lobe (nil) extracts, as assessed by hplc and ria, fluctuate within a narrow range (mono/mono- + diacetyl alpha msh = 3-14%). these results obtained on individuals of different sex and age show that the diacetylated form predominates in the nil of all individuals where it represents in the mean 90% of the acetylated forms. the relatively low fluctuation of the proportions of the acetylated forms ... | 1986 | 3743025 |
| daily changes in blood serum levels of 17 beta-estradiol and 11-ketotestosterone in the mature carp cyprinus carpio l. | daily changes in blood serum levels of 17 beta-estradiol and 11-ketotestosterone in the mature carp cyprinus carpio were investigated. fish were kept under natural light conditions (ld = 16:8) water temperature about 19 degrees c. females and males were divided into 2 groups respectively. each group was sampled every 4 h during 24 h beginning at 08:00 (group 1) and 10:00 (group 2). the 17 beta-estradiol assay included a chromatographic step which increased the specificity of the measurement whil ... | 2015 | 3720427 |
| comparative antioxidant enzyme study in freshwater fishes. ii. distribution of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in omnivorous fish organs. | comparative studies were performed on the activities of superoxide dismutases, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in organ homogenates from three omnivorous fishes, the barbel, crucian carp and common carp. the lipid peroxidation and protein contents of organ homogenates were also compared. these comparative measurements primarily provide control values for subsequent toxicological examinations. the highest total superoxide dismutase activities were found in the liver or roe, kidney, heart and ... | 1986 | 3673448 |
| the hypothalamo-hypophysial system of the wild carp, cyprinus carpio l. iii. changes in the anterior and posterior neurohypophysis during spawning. | | 1986 | 3590939 |
| cytological features of serotonin-containing neurons and their processes in the retina of the carp (cyprinus carpio). an immunohistochemical study using flat-mount preparations. | the morphological features of serotonin-containing neurons (scns) and their processes in the retina of the carp (cyprinus carpio) were immunohistochemically studied by applying a modified peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique using flat-mount preparations. the somata of immunoreactive scns were mostly located in the innermost part of the inner nuclear layer (inl). these cells were distributed at a density of 64.8 cells/mm2, this being similar to the density of dopamine-containing interplexiform ce ... | 1986 | 3522498 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of cdna encoding urotensin i precursor. | the primary structure of the precursor of urotensin i, a neuropeptide hormone from the caudal neurosecretory system of the carp cyprinus carpio, has been determined by analyzing the nucleotide sequence of cloned dna complementary to the mrna encoding it. the precursor consists of 145 amino acid residues and the carboxyl terminus represents the 41-amino acid sequence of urotensin i, preceded by lys-arg and followed by gly-lys. sequence homology as well as similar organization of the precursors of ... | 1986 | 3484550 |
| morphological study of signal pathway between the somata and the axon terminals of l-type horizontal cells in carp retina. | | 1986 | 3464858 |
| comparative antioxidant enzyme and lipid peroxidation study in erythrocytes and liver of some freshwater fish. | 1. superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (c), peroxidase (p) and glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) were estimated in the erythrocytes and liver of the carp, the tench and the crucian carp during a two-years period, 1983-1984 (autumn). 2. the lipid peroxidation (lp) of the erythrocytes and liver homogenates was also compared. 3. the activities of the enzymes examined showed significant interspecies variations. 4. significant differences were observed between enzyme activities (except for sod in the ... | 1986 | 3442172 |
| protein and amino acid requirements of fishes. | tentative qualitative and quantitative amino acid requirements have been reported for the major species of fish reared for market or as replacement stocks for natural waters. most work has concentrated upon juvenile fish or upon rapidly growing young market fish; these have high protein dietary requirements (30-50%) that are in direct contrast to the homothermic terrestial animals. net protein utilization from the diet is similar or slightly better than that found in avian species, but energy ne ... | 1986 | 3089240 |
| bipolar-amacrine synaptic transmission: effect of polarization of bipolar cells on amacrine cells in the carp retina. | | 1986 | 3022200 |
| [synaptic interactions of individual motor neurons of the spinal cord of the carp]. | the interaction between motoneurons was studied in the isolated spinal cord of the fish (cyprinus carpio) by the recording of elementary epsps evoked in a motoneuron by intracellular stimulation of adjacent motoneuron. these epsps are mediated mainly by electrical transmission as evidenced by their short or negligible latencies, stable amplitudes and bidirectional transmission between motoneurons. in some cells double-component elementary epsps were revealed which indicate dual (electro-chemical ... | 1986 | 3012381 |
| simple method for observing migrating leucocytes in the skin of mirror carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | | 1986 | 2953193 |
| phospholipid dependency of carp brain and liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase. | the effects of lipid-protein interactions on carp brain and liver mitochondrial mao with respect to substrate and inhibitor preference, thermostability and arrhenius parameters were studied and compared. treatment with phospholipase a2, c or d decreased mao activities towards 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht), beta-phenylethylamine and tyramine similarly, accompanied by great changes in their apparent affinities for mao, but not by changes in vmax values. minimum phospholipid binding to mitochondria mi ... | 1986 | 2879700 |
| clastogenic effects of five carcinogenic-mutagenic chemicals on the cells of the common carp, cyprinus carpio l. | the cytogenetic effects of various i.p. treatments with five carcinogenic-mutagenic chemicals and three doses for each (aflatoxin b1, aroclor 1254, benzidine, benzo[a]pyrene and 20-methylcholanthrene), were investigated in the cells of the common carp, cyprinus carpio. injection with distilled water and corn oil served as the two control groups. for detecting cytogenetic damage we used two test systems, chromosomal aberrations (ca) in kidney cells and micronucleated erythrocytes (m). at 48 hr af ... | 1986 | 2877805 |
| electrocardiograms recorded from the body surface of the carp, cyprinus carpio. | the electrocardiograms (ecgs) in five kinds of bipolar leads were recorded from the body surface of the carp under water. each component constituting the ecg wave could be detected by the present method. the potentials of the ecgs recorded by the present method were relatively small, the values being 2-64 microv. the electrical axis in most carp was directed toward the right lateral side. | 1986 | 2876807 |
| the in vitro metabolism of eulan wa new by liver homogenates from freshwater fish. | the rate of formation of pentachloro-2-aminodiphenylether (5-pad) from pentachloro-2-(chloromethylsulphonamido) diphenylether (6-pcsd) by goldfish liver homogenates was studied in a variety of buffers. the highest rate was observed when the homogenate was prepared and assayed in phosphate buffer containing dithiothreitol. the 5-pad forming activity of liver homogenate preparations from a variety of freshwater fish (goldfish, carp, pike, rainbow trout, perch and eel) showed contrasting species di ... | 1986 | 2873942 |
| presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptor mediated inhibition of the neurogenic cholinergic contraction in the isolated intestinal bulb of the carp (cyprinus carpio). | the effects of norepinephrine, epinephrine and clonidine on neurogenic cholinergic contraction were examined in the presence of a beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent, carteolol (5 x 10(-6) m), in the isolated intestinal bulb of the carp. norepinephrine, epinephrine (10(-9)-10(-6) m) and clonidine (10(-8)-10(-5) m) inhibited the contraction induced by low frequency (2 or 5 hz) transmural stimulation (tms) without inhibiting the contraction induced by acetylcholine (ach, 6 x 10(-8)-4 x 10(-7) m). met ... | 1986 | 2871988 |
| are beta-adrenergic receptors in ventricular muscles of carp heart (cyprinus carpio) mostly the beta-2 type? | the positive inotropic effect of isoproterenol was quantified in the presence of several beta-adrenergic blocking agents in ventricular strips of carp heart. isoproterenol had a concentration-dependent positive inotropic effect. the effect was markedly inhibited by propranolol and carteolol, but was extremely insensitive to atenolol. practolol totally failed to alter the effect. these results indicated that the positive inotropic effect of isoproterenol may be mediated by mostly beta-2 adrenergi ... | 1986 | 2871986 |
| sublethal effect of ammonia on certain biochemical and haematological indicators in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | carp (cyprinus carpio l.) fry were exposed for 3 weeks to a sublethal concentration of ammonia (0.102 +/- 0.059 mg nh3/dm3). ammonia induced considerable changes in the level of free amino acids and unfavourable changes in the blood, i.e. leucopaenia and eosinophy. the observed increase of the concentration of most amino acids in fish intoxicated with nh3 suggests that the process reflects detoxication of ammonia which takes place both in the brain and muscles. | 1986 | 2869895 |
| studies on immunological properties of enolase from carp muscles (cyprinus carpio) after chemical modification of some amino-acid residues. | after modification of histidine residues, enolase from carp muscles lost the ability to precipitate with antibodies against native enzyme. this ability remained after nitration of tyrosine residues, but the immunoelectrophoretic pattern--localisation and height of arcs--differed from that of native enolase. minor changes of this pattern were found in enolase with modified tryptophan residues. | 1986 | 2430546 |
| karyotypes of cyprinus carpio and leuciscus cephalus. | karyological investigations on the common carp (cyprinus carpio) and chub (leuciscus cephalus) are described. the diploid chromosome complement in the carp was found to be 98, with 50 meta- to submetacentric chromosomes, 48 subtelo- to telocentric chromosomes, and an arm number of 148. chromosomal studies on the chub revealed the diploid chromosome complement to be 50, with 34 meta- to submetacentric chromosomes, 16 subtelo- to telocentric chromosomes, and an arm number of 84. | 1986 | 2428561 |
| spatial orientation of horizontal cell axon terminals in the carp retina. | in flatmounts of the carp (cyprinus carpio) retina, 646 horizontal cells were singly marked by intracellular lucifer yellow ch (ly) in the presence of dopamine or amphetamine, agents which were useful for restricting ly to single injected cells. most axon terminals of cone-connected horizontal cells have a tendency to orient either radially or tangentially in the retinal field with respect to the optic disc as a center. although the fluorescent cellular (dendritic field) area greatly varied depe ... | 1985 | 4075138 |
| the differentiation of germ cells and gonads during development of carp (cyprinus carpio l.). a study with anti-carp sperm monoclonal antibodies. | gonadal development, germ cell differentiation and the appearance of membrane antigenic determinants, specific for male and female germ cells during gonadogenesis, was studied in larval and juvenile carp (cyprinus carpio l.) until 25 weeks after fertilization. indirect immunofluorescence studies with four monoclonal antibodies raised against carp spermatozoa revealed that monoclonal antibody wcs 29 stained the outer membranes of primordial germ cells in larvae from 3 days after fertilization. th ... | 1985 | 2422310 |
| 13c and 113cd nmr studies of the chelation of metal ions by the calcium binding protein parvalbumin. | 13c nmr spectra are presented for the calcium binding protein parvalbumin (pi 4.25) from carp muscle in several different metal bound forms: with ca2+ in both the cd and ef calcium binding sites, with cd2+ in both sites, with 113cd2+ in both sites, and with 113cd2+ in the cd site and lu3+ in the ef site. the different metals differentially shift the 13c nmr resonances of the protein ligands involved in chelation of the metal ion. in addition, direct 13c-113cd spin-spin coupling is observed which ... | 1985 | 3932596 |
| responsiveness and receptive field size of carp horizontal cells are reduced by prolonged darkness and dopamine. | in the fish retina the interplexiform cells contain dopamine and provide a centrifugal pathway from the inner plexiform layer to horizontal cells of the outer plexiform layer. dopamine application reduced the responsiveness and receptive field size of cone horizontal cells, as did a prolonged period of complete darkness. other results suggest that the interplexiform cells may release dopamine after a prolonged period in the dark. the interplexiform-horizontal cell system may modify the strength ... | 1985 | 4035351 |
| light and electron microscopic identification of gonadotrophic cells in the pituitary gland of the goldfish by means of immunocytochemistry. | immunocytochemical techniques were used at the light and electron microscopical levels in order to localize and to characterize the gonadotrophs in the goldfish pituitary gland by means of antibodies to carp gonadotrophin (c-gth) or its subunit (c-gth beta). at the light microscopical level antibodies to c-gth reacted weakly with cells located in the rostral pars distalis (rpd) and strongly with cells of the proximal pars distalis (ppd). the labeling was restricted to the proximal pars distalis ... | 1985 | 4043726 |
| h+ and cl- ion equilibrium across the red cell membrane in the carp. | h2o and electrolyte distribution were studied in carp erythrocytes at various ph values achieved by co2/o2 equilibration in vitro. intracellular ph was measured by means of glass electrode and by dmo-14c. rh+, rcl- and rdmo- varied linearly and in a comparable manner with phe. at phe = 7.8, rh+, rcl- and rdmo- were 0.21, 0.29 and 0.30. rcl- and rdmo- were closely correlated and exhibited only minor differences. rh+ was closely correlated with rcl- and rdmo-, but was, however, significantly lower ... | 1985 | 4048671 |
| a predicted structure of calmodulin suggests an electrostatic basis for its function. | by using interactive computer graphics, two models for calmodulin have been constructed based on the structures of two functionally and structurally related proteins, intestinal calcium-binding protein and carp parvalbumin. the two models have been compared and contrasted to the parent proteins with respect to proportion of solvent-exposed hydrophobic residues, solvent-accessible surface area, and side-chain packing. electrostatic potential surfaces generated for the models suggest a probable bi ... | 1985 | 3860834 |
| occurrence of n-acylethanolamine phospholipids in fish brain and spinal cord. | n-acylethanolamine phospholipids were identified in the central nervous system of the fresh water fish, pike (esox lucius) and carp (cyprinus carpio), at levels ranging from 0.1 to 0.9% of total phospholipid. the n-acylethanolamine phospholipids of carp brain were isolated and characterized by chemical, biochemical and spectroscopic methods. two major species, 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho(n-acyl)ethanolamines (approx. 30%) and 1-o-(1'-alkenyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho(n-acyl)ethanolamines ... | 1985 | 4016139 |
| tonotopic organization in the midbrain of a teleost fish. | recordings from small clusters of units within the auditory midbrain of the japanese carp, cyprinus carpio, provide the first evidence for tonotopy within the teleost brain. these findings suggest that place mechanisms of frequency coding and tonotopy, previously thought to have evolved first in amphibians, may be general and ancient features of the vertebrate auditory system. | 1985 | 4027605 |
| the influence of antibiotics on the immune system. ii. modulation of fish leukocyte responses in culture. | we report the immunomodulating effect of two tetracycline analogues (oxytetracycline and doxycycline) on mitogenic and allogeneic stimulation of carp (cyprinus carpio) leukocytes in vitro. both drugs interfered with 3h-thymidine incorporation into the dna of phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated pronephric leukocytes in a dose-dependent manner. low concentrations of oxytetracycline delayed the mitogenic response, but did not reduce it. in addition, several other antibiotics were tested for their possib ... | 1985 | 2930938 |
| electron probe x-ray microanalysis of post-tetanic ca2+ and mg2+ movements across the sarcoplasmic reticulum in situ. | ca2+ and mg2+ movements across the sarcoplasmic reticulum (sr) of frog skeletal muscle fibers were measured in situ by electron probe microanalysis of muscles rapidly frozen following a tetanus. at 400 ms following a 1.2-s tetanus at room temperature, the force had relaxed to base-line, and 0.3 mmol of ca2+/liter of cytoplasmic h2o had been pumped by the sr, indicating that the in situ pumping of the sr ca-atpase is sufficiently high to account for the removal of ca2+ from the ca2+-specific site ... | 1985 | 3158652 |
| reexamination of photoreceptor-bipolar connectivity patterns in carp retina: hrp-em and golgi-em studies. | on- and off-center bipolar cells were identified in the carp retina by means of intracellular recording, intracellular injection of hrp, and golgi silver-chromate impregnation. light and electron microscopy revealed that these functionally different bipolar cells make synaptic contacts with both rods and cones, and that both on- and off-center cells can be further divided into two subtypes (i and ii) according to the relationship between the position of their dendritic processes and the synaptic ... | 1985 | 4056093 |
| uptake and transport of ferritin in the epithelium of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and the possible immunological implications. | | 1985 | 4028172 |
| kinetic differences at low temperatures between r and t state carbon monoxide-carp hemoglobin. | we use the low-temperature recombination kinetics of carbon monoxide with carp hemoglobin to determine that the r and t states of hemoglobin exhibit different low-temperature geminate recombination kinetics. the peak of the fitted gaussian activation energy spectrum is at 1.5 kcal/mol for r state and 1.8 kcal/mol for t state. the distribution in activation energies is fit well by the agmon-hopfield linear strain model. the t state is fit with a stronger elastic constant than r, and has a larger ... | 1985 | 4016198 |
| studies on the sequence of 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene metabolite formation using carp hepatocyte. | metabolism of 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene (2,6-dipn) was studied in freshly isolated carp hepatocytes with special reference to cytochrome p-450-mediated oxidation. the viability of isolated hepatocytes obtained by use of ca2+-free and collagenase-containing hanks buffer was 93%, judging from both trypan blue penetration and lactic dehydrogenase (ldh) leakage. 2,6-dipn was metabolized to form several oxidized products such as the tertiary hydroxy, the primary hydroxy, and two types of dihydroxy d ... | 1985 | 4006835 |
| an example of interaction between environmental pollutants: modification of thiram toxicity to freshwater organisms by nitrites or nitrates in relation to nitrosamine synthesis. | thiram, a dithiocarbamate fungicide, is known to evolve to dimethylnitrosamine (dmna) when associated with nitrites. conditions of appearance of that carcinogenic compound have been studied in short-term experiments by association of the fungicide, nitrates or nitrites, and species representative of freshwater biota. dmna has been estimated by glc equipped with a specific detector. chlorella vulgaris can rapidly produce nitrites from nitrates and dmna is obtained in presence of thiram. daphnia m ... | 1985 | 4006832 |
| the endocrine activity of isolated follicular cells of the carp ovary in primary culture. | oocytes were isolated from the ovaries of carp females of one breed. interstitial tissue was mechanically removed in order to obtain single oocytes surrounded only by the follicular envelope. such a preparation was trypsinized at room temperature and also with greater success at 37 degrees c. the follicular cell suspension contained both cells and cell clumps. it was the mixture of theca (t) and granulosa (g) cells. the temperature of 37 degrees c was preferable for the successful growth of the ... | 1985 | 3859457 |
| fish lymphokines: the production of growth factors in supernatants of mitogen-stimulated pronephros cells of carp (cyprinus carpio). | | 1985 | 3161628 |
| ganglion cells of the terminal nerve: morphology and electrophysiology. | the ganglion cells of the terminal nerve (tn cells) in the carp were identified using intracellular recording and staining techniques. the tn cells showed characteristic location and morphology as well as characteristic responses after electrical shocks to the olfactory nerve and tracts. these features of the tn cells were distinct from those of the mitral or other cells in the olfactory bulb. | 1985 | 4005539 |
| [electrical characteristics of the epithelial tissue and cells of the carp and frog gallbladder]. | transepithelial potential and resistance, the ratio of resistance of the apical to the basal cell membranes (ra/rb) were studied during transmural current clamps in isolated frog and fish gall-bladder (gb) with ringer's solution on both sides. the findings show that: 1) the difference between the mucosal and serosal membrane potentials (mps) was 3-8 mv as determined by transmural potential; 2) the ratio ra/rb depends on the mp value: it was less than 1 if mp was about 30 mv, and more than 1 if m ... | 1985 | 4018298 |
| effect of temperature, 17 alpha-hydroxy-20 beta-dihydroprogesterone and prostaglandin f2 alpha on carp oocyte maturation and ovulation in vitro. | two series of experiments were carried out. in series i, studies were conducted on the effect of 17 alpha-hydroxy-20 beta-dihydroprogesterone (17 alpha 20 beta p; 1 microgram/ml of substrate) on the migration of germinal vesicle (gv) and its breakdown (bd) in the oocytes of carp ovarian fragments, kept at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 degrees c. for investigations ovarian fragments were taken both from intact mature females and from those injected with carp hypophysial homogenate (chh) at a dose of 1 mg ... | 1985 | 3858205 |
| temperature acclimation: improved sustained swimming performance in carp at low temperatures. | at low temperatures, the reduction in mechanical power output of the aerobic muscle forces cold-blooded animals, such as carp, to recruit their rapidly fatiguing anaerobic fibers at relatively slow swimming speeds. previous experimental data have suggested that changes in the biochemistry and morphology of the aerobic muscle during cold acclimation might increase its output of mechanical power. the present experiments show that, because of these changes, carp can swim faster at low temperature u ... | 1985 | 17779642 |
| hormonal changes during induced ovulation of the carp, cyprinus carpio. | the changes in plasma concentrations of eight steroids (testosterone, testosterone glucuronide, estradiol, estradiol glucuronide, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 17,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20 beta p), deoxycorticosterone, and cortisol) have been followed in three individual carp, cyprinus carpio, during ovulation induced by carp pituitary extract. deoxycorticosterone and estradiol glucuronide were not detectable and small amounts of 17,20 beta p were found only in one fish. a priming injec ... | 1985 | 4063009 |
| gill arch movements and the function of the dorsal gill arch muscles in the carp. | the activity coordination of the dorsal gill arch muscles in a teleost, the carp, is described and the effect of their contraction in combination with the respiratory pump movements is analysed. based on their origin and insertion the dorsal branchial arch muscles can be divided into three groups: the external branchial arch levators, connecting the branchial arches to the neurocranium, the internal branchial arch levators, connecting the pharyngobranchials to the neurocranium and the dorsal obl ... | 1985 | 4001606 |
| a comparison of physiological changes in carp, cyprinus carpio, induced by several pollutants at sublethal concentrations. i. the dependency on exposure time. | carp were exposed to 10 different pollutants at sublethal concentrations for 6, 24, or 72 hr. blood, liver, and white muscle samples were taken after the exposure time together with samples of control handled fish. serum concentrations of glucose, cortisol protein, and cholesterol were determined. similarly, the liver and muscle glycogen contents were measured. the effects of the following pollutants were examined: aldrin (100 micrograms/liter), atrazine (100 micrograms/liter), ddt (50 microgram ... | 1985 | 3987597 |
| changes in tension generation and atpase activity in skinned muscle fibres of the carp following temperature acclimation. | common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) were acclimated to either 7 degrees c or 23 degrees c for 1-2 months. skinned fibre preparations were isolated from the white myotomal muscle, and atpase activity measured during maximal isometric contractions. at 7 degrees c, fibres from the cold acclimated fish were found to generate more force than those from warm acclimated fish (123.1 and 97.2kn m-2 respectively), and more "work" (force x time integral) was obtained for each atp hydrolysed. atp turnover per ... | 1985 | 3160006 |
| l-glutamate depolarizes on-off transient type of amacrine cells in the carp retina: an ionophoretic study. | amacrine cells generating the on-off transient type of photoresponse, which is most frequently encountered, were identified by intracellular recording and staining with a fluorescent dye lucifer yellow in the carp (cyprinus carpio) retina. l-glutamate applied ionophoretically slowly depolarized the amacrine cells by about 10 mv and reduced their photoresponses during the application. such changes gradually recovered following the cessation of l-glutamate injection. the results indicate that this ... | 1985 | 2858255 |
| [comparative characteristics of the sex steroid content in the blood plasma of the big-mouthed buffalo, silver carp and channel catfish during reproduction]. | a radioimmunoassay was to determine the content of estrogens, progestins and androgens in the blood plasma of female and male big-mouthed buffalo, silver carp and canal sheatfish before reproduction and in the first two species during reproduction as well. it was shown that sexual hormones of all 3 groups were present in the blood of males and females of the species under study, the androgen concentration being significantly higher than the estrogen and progestin content in species of both sexes ... | 2016 | 3991489 |
| bioassay of fish gonadotrophin by ovarian mitochondrial cholesterol depletion. | murrel (channa punctatus bloch) ovarian tissues were incubated in vitro with or without piscine gonadotrophins and then subjected to subcellular fractionation followed by nonesterified cholesterol (cholesterol) assay. gonadotrophin from salmon (sg-g100), tilapia (tl1ms), and sturgeon (s27ms) depleted cholesterol in the mitochondrial fraction, whereas cholesterol remained unchanged in other subcellular fractions. aminoglutethimide, an inhibitor of mitochondrial cholesterol side-chain cleavage, bl ... | 1985 | 3988028 |
| dopamine inhibits calcium-independent gamma-[3h]aminobutyric acid release induced by kainate and high k+ in the fish retina. | kainic acid (ka) at micromolar concentrations stimulated the release of gamma-[3h]aminobutyric acid [( 3h]gaba) from a particulate fraction of the carp (cyprinus carpio) retina. the ka action was dose-dependent but ca2+-independent. a similar response was elicited by another glutamate receptor agonist, quisqualic acid, and high k+, but not by an aspartate agonist, n-methyl-d-aspartic acid. the stimulatory action of ka on the [3h]gaba release was selectively blocked by the ka blockers gamma-d-glu ... | 1985 | 3882885 |
| retinal growth in carp of the same age: density and number of dopamine neurons. | research has shown that an increase in the size of retina with fish growth is accompanied by a reduction in the density of monoamine neurons along with an increase in their cell number per retina. the age of fish, however, has not been considered in relation to the above. in the present study, juvenile carp (6.4 +/- 0.7 cm in body length), hatched 2 months earlier, were reared for 10 months under 2 different sets of conditions; one group was kept in a small aquarium at room temperature (rt, 9-26 ... | 1985 | 3986607 |
| structural studies of calcium-binding proteins using nuclear magnetic resonance. | lanthanide-shifted 1h nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy has been used to compare the structure in solution of the ef-hand calcium-binding domains of four parvalbumins (isoelectric ph[pi] 3.95, 4.25, and 4.37 from carp, and pi from buffalo fish). these four parvalbumins are shown by nmr to have very similar structures at the level of resolution typical of x-ray structures. at the higher resolution possible by the lanthanide nmr technique, specific differences are noted between the pi ... | 1985 | 3978195 |
| [mitraspora cyprini fujita, 1912 (protozoa myxosporea bütschli, 1881) in the kidneys of carp from lower saxony pond farms]. | | 1985 | 3977820 |
| a bifurcate axon of horizontal cells in the carp retina. | in flatmounts of the carp retina, among 368 cone-connected horizontal cells, which were singly marked by intracellular lucifer yellow under various experimental conditions, 15 cells (4.1%) were found to possess a bifurcate axon and two terminals. the lengths of single and bifurcate axonal processes (an axon plus its terminal) are all comparable, ranging from 400 to 600 micron. | 1985 | 3991048 |
| bile acids. lxxvii. large-scale preparation of 5 alpha-anhydrocyprinol from carp bile. | an improved method of preparation of 5 alpha-anhydrocyprinol from large quantities of carp bile is reported. the following materials were obtained by this method: 5 alpha-anhydrocyprinol, 5 alpha-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,25-tetrol, 5 alpha-cholestane 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,26-tetrol, an unidentified sterol from the neutral lipid fraction, allocholic acid and allochenodeoxycholic acid from the bile acid fraction. yields of 5 alpha-anhydrocyprinol and bile acids vary in different batc ... | 1985 | 4088981 |
| studies of the heterogeneity of carp liver acid phosphatases: acid phosphatase--i. subunit structure and carbohydrate composition. | the three molecular forms of the carp liver acid phosphatase (acpase) were shown to be dimeric proteins, two of them differing in molecular weights. an activating effect of cona binding on the acpases has been observed. acpase i and acpase ii showed a mol. wt of 122,500 and of 58,884 +/- 3000 for their subunits. it is assumed that acpase i is a sialylated derivative of acpase ii. acpase iii has a mol. wt of 93,132 and the two subunits of 46,556 +/- 4000. a homogeneous acpase i was obtained and i ... | 1985 | 4085217 |
| effects of temperature and transfer from seawater to freshwater on blood microrheology in pacific salmon. | blood of pacific salmon was studied with particular interest in red blood cell (rbc) deformability in relation to migration. blood samples were taken via cardiac puncture or chronic cannula placed in the dorsal aorta and heparinized. as an index of rbc deformability the mean passage time of single rbcs through micropores of 8 micron in diameter and 10 micron in length was determined under a pressure difference of 10 cmh2o. despite about 100 mosmol/l difference in plasma osmolality, there was no ... | 1985 | 4068373 |
| a quantitative study of the nucleus rotundus of the carp. | the present work describes the results of a quantitative study of the nucleus rotundus of c. carpio aimed at determining the volume of the nucleus as a whole and the partial volumes corresponding to the rostral and caudal zones. the overall neuronal density of the nucleus and the density of light and dark cells which forms the neuronal population of the nucleus rotundus were also determined; the light cells were the most represented. most cells were found in the rostral portion while the caudal ... | 1985 | 4067283 |
| temperature dependence of the dielectric properties of blood. | the aim of the work was to investigate the temperature effect in physiological range on the dielectric properties of a fish (cyprinus carpio) blood. by applying an empirical non-damaging method and statistical analysis of the dielectric data, it is observed that a heating of carp blood induces an almost linear value variation of the electrical conductivity and permittivity of the intracellular matter of carp red blood cells. the dielectric data, however, reveal anomalous behaviour for conductivi ... | 1985 | 4043438 |
| effect of thiol-reactive reagents on the permeability of fish erythrocyte membrane for spin-labelled non-electrolytes. | carp erythrocytes were treated with p-chloromercuribenzoate or n-ethylmaleimide. it was observed that these thiol-group inhibitors decreased the transport of spin-labelled hydrophilic compound, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, and increased the transport rate of more hydrophobic 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl. | 1985 | 4036446 |
| morphometry of muscle fibre types in the carp (cyprinus carpio l.). relationships between structural and contractile characteristics. | ultrastructural parameters of muscle fibre types of the carp (cyprinus carpio l.) were measured and compared with their contractile properties. in red fibres, which are slower than pink fibres, the relative length of the junction between the t system and the sarcoplasmic reticulum (t-sr junction) is smaller and the z lines are thicker than in pink fibres. pink fibres have a smaller relative length of t-sr junction than white fibres from the axial muscles. the two types of red fibres present in c ... | 1985 | 4028116 |
| biochemical compartmentation of fish tissues vii non-specific phosphomonoesterases in vital organs. | the viscera were compartmentalised in relation to non-specific phosphomonoesterase in a major carp, a catfish and a murrel. activity was highest in the middle region of the kidney and lowest in the cephalic region of muscle. the observed variations in various regions of the viscera are discussed in relation to feeding habits, growth rate and biochemical make-up of the viscera. | 1985 | 4013773 |
| [development of the trypanosomes (trypanosoma) and cryptobians (cryptobia) of carp and tench in the leech piscicola geometra]. | the paper presents the results of studies of the development of trypanosomes and cryptobiae of carp and tench in piscicola geometra. the paper describes an unknown way of reproduction by means of fusion of individuals and formation of cystlike bodies, the subsequent development of which results in a special form schizogony with a formation of rosettes. | 2009 | 3975069 |
| crystal structure study of opsanus tau parvalbumin by multiwavelength anomalous diffraction. | the crystal structure of a small calcium-binding protein, the parvalbumin iiif from opsanus tau in which tb was substituted for ca, has been analysed by multiwavelength anomalous diffraction. data at a resolution of 2.3 a were collected at three wavelengths near the l3 absorption edge of tb (1.645-1.650 a), using the synchrotron radiation emitted by a storage ring and a multiwire proportional counter. the phases of the reflections were determined from this single derivative, without native data. ... | 1985 | 3965297 |
| the stratum album centrale in the optic tectum of cyprinus carpio. | the most outstanding characteristics of the stratum album centrale of the optic tectum of cyprinus carpio were analyzed by light and electron microscopy, with special reference to the morphology and ultrastructure of the neurons with cell bodies in this stratum. neurons belonging to the stratum album centrale itself are described, both vertical and horizontal in development, together with others which are found in this and the periventricular stratum. the possible involvement of this zone in the ... | 1985 | 3939080 |
| ultrastructural immunocytochemistry of gonadotrophs in the goldfish pituitary gland. | the immunocytochemical distribution of gonadotropin (gth) in the goldfish pituitary gland was studied applying the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (pap) method and the protein a-gold technique at light- and electron-microscopic levels, respectively, with an antiserum raised against silver carp gth. in the light-microscopic immunocytochemistry, pas-positive cells in the proximal pars distalis showed strong reaction with the antiserum. gold particles wee concentrated both on globules (large) and on gran ... | 1985 | 3884161 |
| effect of carp gonadotropin (cgth) and a fraction unabsorbed on concanavalin a-sepharose obtained from cgth on vitellogenesis in the hypophysectomized marine teleost gobius niger. | to investigate whether a differential potency on vitellogenesis exists between the carp gonadotropin (cgth) and fraction i-cgth (proteins from cgth unbound on concanavalin a-sepharose, which represent 5% of cgth in weight), hypophysectomized gobius niger were treated with the two hormonal preparations at the same level. vitellogenesis was checked for synthesis of vitellogenin and yolk incorporation in the ovary by means of immunological studies and histological techniques (light and electron mic ... | 1985 | 3882520 |
| daily changes in the gonadotropin levels and response of carp oocytes to hypophysial homogenate. | daily changes in carp gonadotropin levels in adult female carp and daily changes in carp oocyte sensitivity to carp hypophysial homogenate, in vitro and in vivo, were investigated. a total of three series of experiments were carried out. gonadotropin levels were radioimmunologically determined. the results of series 1 and 2 experiments were subjected to statistical analysis with the use of cosinors circle and ellipse of errors. it has been found that in the mature female carp in the pre-spawning ... | 1985 | 3870844 |
| correlations between photoresponse and morphology of amacrine cells in the carp retina. | | 1985 | 3866153 |
| electrical properties of horizontal cell network in the carp retina. | | 1985 | 3866150 |
| purification and some properties of a trypsin inhibitor from carp (cyprinus carpio) muscle. | a trypsin inhibitor was purified from carp muscle to apparent homogeneity by the successive chromatographies of deae-cellulose, deae-sepharose cl-6b, con a-sepharose, ultrogel aca 44 and hydroxylapatite. the mol. wt of the inhibitor was estimated to be 58,000 by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or 50,000 by gel filtration. the inhibitor seemed to form a 1:1 stoichiometric complex with trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin and elastase, respectively. carp muscle trypsin inhibitor was likely to be ide ... | 1985 | 3846514 |
| a comparison of quantitative ultrastructural and contractile characteristics of muscle fibre types of the perch, perca fluviatilis l. | quantitative ultrastructural and physiological parameters were investigated in three types of muscle fibres of perca fluviatilis: white fibres from the m. levator operculi anterior, pink (intermediate) fibres of the m. hyohyoideus and deep red fibres of the m. levator operculi anterior. times to peak tension and half relaxation times of isometric twitches increased in the mentioned order. the extent of contact between the t system and the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the relative volume and surfac ... | 1985 | 3837036 |
| [monoclonal antibodies against differentiation antigens of carp thymocytes (cyprinus carpio l.)]. | using the cell fusion technique we have produced monoclonal antibodies directed against carp thymocytes. the monoclonals revealed a different ability for binding to carp lymphocytes of various origin. the antibodies reacting only with lymphocytes seem to react with a membrane structure of a molecular weight of 200 000 to 250 000 daltons. | 1985 | 3158176 |
| detection and some properties of calpain ii (high-ca2+-requiring form of calpain) in carp (cyprinus carpio) erythrocytes. | in order to examine the existence of calpain i, a low (micromolar)-ca2+-requiring form of calpain, in fish tissues, carp erythrocytes were chosen as the experimental material, since only calpain i is known to exist in mammalian erythrocytes. by deae-cellulose chromatography, calpain and calpastatin (specific inhibitor for calpain) were separated from carp erythrocyte hemolysate. carp erythrocyte calpain is classified as calpain ii, a high (millimolar)-ca2+-requiring form of calpain, from the res ... | 1985 | 2992873 |
| latency of horizontal cell response in the carp retina. | the response latency of horizontal cells in the carp retina was investigated by means of the stimulus-response crosscorrelation using a randomly modulated light of various wavelengths. r/g type cells produced two response components with some difference in latency; short-latency hyperpolarising response to green light and long-latency depolarising one to red light. the latency difference could not be made smaller than 14 ms by increasing the intensity of test light. these results were reconciled ... | 1985 | 2992160 |
| [synaptic mechanisms of the responses of olfactory bulb neurons of the carp to odorants]. | analysis of synaptic responses to some odorants in 16 secondary olfactory neurons and 5 granule cells of carp olfactory bulb revealed that the periodic discharges of secondary neurons, synchronous with the induced waves, were generated on the basis of dendrodendritic inhibitory interaction with granule interneurons. the mechanisms of tonic, asynchronous discharges in some secondary neurons remained not quite clear. | 1985 | 2983240 |
| isoproterenol-induced desensitization to the positive inotropic effect of isoproterenol in ventricular strips isolated from carp heart (cyprinus carpio). | whether the positive inotropic effect of isoproterenol in ventricular strips of carp heart is altered by previous exposure to the agonist was studied. isoproterenol produced a concentration-dependent positive inotropic effect in these preparations which was competitively antagonized by propranolol. isoproterenol dose-response curves were shifted significantly downward and to the right after previous treatment with and removal of isoproterenol. the desensitization could be demonstrated after 5 mi ... | 1985 | 2866913 |
| the effects of pentachlorophenol, phenol and other pollutants on the liver of carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | liver tissue of carp was kept in roller tubes and the basal and epinephrine-induced release of glucose after 6 or 24 hr incubation were measured. the amount of liver glycogen after incubation was also determined. the liver was taken from carp treated in vivo with pollutants, mainly pcp or phenol, or was exposed to these pollutants in vitro. treatment of carp in vivo with 10-10(4) micrograms/l phenol reduced the basal and the epinephrine-induced release of glucose from the liver. treatment with l ... | 1985 | 2866901 |
| some observations on the influence of stress on ecg patterns in oreochromis mossambicus and cyprinus carpio. | electrocardiograms of undisturbed, resting fish as well as disturbed (stressed) fish were recorded by biotelemetry. both fish species showed marked changes in heartbeat patterns in response to stress with tilapia exhibiting the most pronounced changes. a theory is advanced to account for the marked changes in electrocardiogram patterns of disturbed fishes. | 1985 | 2866875 |
| effect of pesticides on the ldh activity and isoenzyme pattern of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) sera. | copper sulphate (cuso4), paraquat (pq) and methidathion (md) all caused tissue necrosis as demonstrated by increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase (ldh, ec 1.1.1.27) in blood sera. the main target of damage is shown by the isoenzymes appearing in the blood sera. the cuso4 treatment damaged mainly the heart and skeletal muscles. this is indicated by the increased ldh level and the m and h subunits appearing in the isoenzyme pattern of the serum. pq damaged first of all the gills and methidathio ... | 1985 | 2865066 |
| a thrombelastographic study of the effect of stress on the blood coagulation in cyprinus carpio (cyprinidae) and oreochromis mossambicus (cichlidae). | the normal blood coagulation in cyprinus carpio and oreochromis mossambicus was investigated by thrombelastography and standard thrombelastographs were obtained for each species. the effect of stress on blood coagulation was thereafter determined. the thrombelastograms indicated hypercoagulability under stress conditions. a prominent observation is the differences in the elasticity of the clot under various conditions. fibrinolysis occurred in all cases, except in the case of cyprinus carpio aft ... | 1985 | 2864206 |
| the effect of paraquat on the peroxide metabolism enzymes in erythrocytes of freshwater fish species. | the toxic effects of 10 ppm paraquat in vivo on the enzymes superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (c), peroxidase (p), glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) and on lipid peroxidation (lp) were estimated in erythrocytes of the carp, the tench and the crucian carp. paraquat caused activity enhancement of the peroxide metabolism enzymes and increase of the lipid peroxidation in the carp and the crucian carp. the enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation were dependent on the species and on the length of th ... | 1985 | 2861964 |
| accumulation of pollutants in fish. | the amount of radioactivity which derived from 14c-labeled pollutants was determined in liver, kidney, intestine, blood, muscle and gills of carp, exposed for 6, 24 and 72 hr to high external concentrations of urea, methanol, atrazine and pcp. the results allowed one to calculate roughly the uptake rate for these compounds. it was low for urea (0.055 micrograms/g per hr), higher for methanol (0.12) and atrazine (0.16) and highest for pcp (1.5). the bioaccumulation factors (bfs) were determined f ... | 1985 | 2861946 |
| induction of metal-binding proteins by zinc is accompanied by reduction of other proteins including antibodies. | exposure of carp lymphoid cells to zinc causes formation of metal-binding proteins (metallothioneins). metallothionein induction is accompanied by a suppression of the production of other proteins. antibodies are among the proteins which are decreased by zinc exposure. similar results from in vivo experiments indicate that zinc might affect even fish living in water still regarded as unpolluted. | 1985 | 2861052 |
| membrane lipid environment of carp brain and liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase. | delipidation of carp liver mitochondria by treatment with methyl ethyl ketone (mek) or triton x-100 and then perchlorate greatly reduced mao activities. treatment with only triton x-100 resulted in less reduction in activity. the km values of the remaining activities were similar regardless of these treatments. the sensitivities towards clorgyline and l-deprenyl of the remaining activity in the triton x-100-treated residue and the phospholipase c-treated carp brain mitochondria were found to be ... | 1985 | 2861003 |
| sodium-dependent absorption of inorganic phosphate by the carp intestine. | concentrative absorption of inorganic phosphate observed in the stripped and everted intestine of the carp disappeared, when na concentration of the ringer solution was reduced from 150 to 7 mm, or when orthophosphate was replaced with metaphosphate. incubation in the ringer solution gassed with n2 instead of o2 also resulted in loss of the pi absorption. dinitrophenol significantly decreased the unidirectional pi flux from mucosa to serosa (jms) and increased the flux from serosa to mucosa (jsm ... | 1985 | 2858323 |
| in vitro absorption of inorganic phosphate and other electrolytes in the carp intestine. | net movements of water, na, cl, k, ca, mg and pi were measured in the stripped and everted intestine of the carp. a high concentrative absorbtion of pi was observed, whereas na and cl were absorbed almost isotonically. the rate of pi absorption was greater in the middle part than in the anterior or posterior part of the intestine. | 1985 | 2858287 |