| [genetic diversity of reaction of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars to light intensity]. | the effect of low light intensity (li) on the period from sprouting to earing was studied in 12 cultivars of the spring common wheat under controlled conditions. differences between cultivars with respect to their responses to li (rlis) were found both for those that were photoperiod-sensitive and those that were almost photoperiod-neutral. specifically, a prolonged photoperiod and a low li differently increased the period from sprouting to earling in different cultivars. genetic analysis of the ... | 2000 | 10867883 |
| influence of inhibitors of cytoskeleton proteins on water exchange of wheat roots under the after-action of water stress. | the dynamics of water molecular state and transport in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) of roots different resistance cultivars was studied by a biophysical method, nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr), and a physiological method, water-holding capacity (whc). the effective coefficient of water self-diffusion (d(eff)), spin-spin relaxation times (t(2)) and whc were measured after structural modification of cytoskeleton by colchicine and cytochalasin b after the action of water stress. new informa ... | 2000 | 10860574 |
| effect of abscisic acid and cold acclimation on the cytoskeletal and phosphorylated proteins in different cultivars of triticum aestivum l. | in winter wheat, the tubulin and 60 kda-phosphorylated proteins/actin ratio is considerably higher in the roots than in the leaves. differences in the content of the main cytoskeletal proteins were also found in the leaves of the different cultivars. it is suggested that the lower amount of the tubulin and 60 kda-phosphorylated proteins and higher content of actin determine the greater tubulin cytoskeletal stability in the leaves and their higher frost resistance, as compared with the roots. als ... | 2000 | 10860572 |
| change in the activity of lectins in cell structure of winter wheat crown under the action of low-temperature hardening and fusicoccin. | haemagglutinating activity was determined in cell walls and total cell organelles of crown cells of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. ) plants. the effect of fusicoccin (fc) was investigated using fractions obtained from plants hardened for 7 days at 2 degrees c and from untreated plants. fc concentration (5x10(-7) m) increased the frost resistance of the plants. the temporal pattern of lectin activity during hardening could be described by a single-peak curve. in the cell wall fraction, the hi ... | 2000 | 10860571 |
| interaction of plant polysomes with the actin cytoskeleton. | protein composition and functional activity of various polysome subpopulations isolated from vicia faba l. leaves and triticum aestivum l. and hordeum vulgare l. seedlings were studied. membrane- and cytoskeleton-bound polysomes were more active in the wheat germ cell-free translational system than free polysomes. several non-ribosomal proteins were detected in the polysome preparations by gel electrophoresis and western blot analysis: (1) a canonical actin of mol wt 42 kda; (2) a 40 kda protein ... | 2000 | 10860570 |
| the structure and expression of the wheat starch synthase iii gene. motifs in the expressed gene define the lineage of the starch synthase iii gene family. | the endosperm of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum [l.]) was shown to contain a high molecular weight starch synthase (ss) analogous to the product of the maize du1 gene, starch synthase iii (ssiii; du1). cdna and genomic dna sequences encoding wheat ssiii were isolated and characterized. the wheat ssiii cdna is 5,346 bp long and contains an open reading frame that encodes a 1,628-amino acid polypeptide. a putative n-terminal transit peptide, a 436-amino acid c-terminal catalytic domain, and a ... | 2000 | 10859191 |
| [the segregation characteristics at the alleles of the gliadin-coding gli-b1 locus in hybrid soft winter wheat]. | segregation at the gli-b1 locus was studied in f2 seeds of common wheat from crosses between near-isogenic lines with respect to this locus. segregations differed from the expected ratio in hybrids involving the lines with the allele gli-b1l (gli-b1-3), which is a marker for the 1bl/1rs translocation, as well as in the hybrid between the lines with the alleles gli-b1b (1) and gli-b1e (4). reduced transmission of the chromosome with the 1bl/1rs translocation through pollen was observed in the hyb ... | 2010 | 10857205 |
| [the inheritance of the traits of resistance to fungal diseases by distant hybrids of wheat with amphiploids]. | the inheritance of resistance to powdery mildew, leaf rust and septorios of hybrids from crosses of wheat--rye and two wheat--elymus amphiploids with durum and bread wheat was studied. spontaneous hybridization was revealed to be a determining factor of the new available trait formation in the wide crosses. control of the leaf rust and heary leaf traits by the same alien chromosome of elytricum fertile is confirmed. while in the wheat--aegilops amphiploid h74/90-258 these traits are not linked a ... | 2015 | 10857202 |
| [the effect of natural selection on the allelic frequency of gliadin-coding loci and their associations in an artificially created hybrid population of winter wheat]. | hybrid population with heterogeneity for five gliadin-coding loci was created by crossing of five winter common wheat cultivars (belozerskaya 47, ilyichevka, kyyanka, mironovskaya 808, polesskaya 70) by the complete scheme. frequencies of alleles at these loci and their associations were analyzed after two, four and ten years of resowing. the ratio of alleles at the studied loci was changed as reproduction occurred. gli 1a5 allele displayed stable tendency to frequency increasing, gli 1d1--a lit ... | 2009 | 10857200 |
| [the chromosomal localization of the major genes for the quantitative traits (qtl) of wheat by using d chromosome gene markers]. | the possibility of biochemical and morphological marker genes application for qtl and determination of their association with definite d chromosomes was shown on f2 populations of bread wheat from crossing of hexaploids aabbdd with different d subgenomes and the same genome ab part. algorithm for calculation of the theoretical means for evaluation of differences according t-criterion was proposed and examined. the results of biometrical genetic analysis of the quantitative traits obtained by joi ... | 2008 | 10857198 |
| rflp-based analysis of three rbcs subfamilies in diploid and polyploid species of wheat. | the rbcs multigene family of hexaploid (bread) wheat, triticum aestivum (genome bbaadd), which encodes the small subunit of rubisco, comprises at least 22 genes. based on their 3' non-coding sequences, these genes have been classified into four subfamilies (sfs), of which three (sf-2, sf-3 and sf-4) are located on chromosomes of homoeologous group 2 and one (sf-1) on homoeologous group 5. in the present study we hybridized three rbcs subfamily-specific probes (for sf-1, sf-2 and sf-3) to total d ... | 2000 | 10852490 |
| direct isolation of differentially expressed genes from a specific chromosome region of common wheat: application of the amplified fragment length polymorphism-based mrna fingerprinting (amf) method in combination with a deletion line of wheat. | the amplified restriction fragment length polymorphism (aflp)-based mrna fingerprinting (amf) method makes it possible systematically and conveniently to identify differentially expressed cdnas with high reproducibility. we have applied the amf method to the cloning of the q gene of common wheat, which is located on the long arm of chromosome 5a and pleiotropically controls the spike morphology and the threshing character of seeds. using the amf method, we compared the fingerprints of mrna sampl ... | 2000 | 10852485 |
| a cold-responsive wheat (triticum aestivum l.) gene wcor14 identified in a winter-hardy cultivar 'mironovska 808'. | a cdna library was constructed from a cold-acclimated winter-hardy common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivar 'mironovska 808'. using this library and a cold- and light-responsive barley cdna clone cor14b as a probe, cdnas of a homologous wheat gene wcor14 were isolated. two identical cdnas designated as wcor14a had an open reading frame encoding an acidic (pi = 4.71) and hydrophobic polypeptide with 140 amino acids (mw = 13.5 kda). the deduced wcor14a polypeptide showed 70% identity with the ... | 2000 | 10846621 |
| molecular cloning of three homoeologous cdnas encoding orthologs of the maize knotted1 homeobox protein from young spikes of hexaploid wheat. | the plant knotted1 (kn1)-like homeobox genes are known to play important roles in the maintenance of shoot apical meristem (sam), determination of cell fate and differentiation of vegetative tissues. to study structural diversity of the three homologous loci encoding a kn1-like homeobox protein in the hexaploid wheat genome, we isolated clones from a cdna library of young spikes of japanese common wheat cultivar 'norin 26'. three different but highly homologous cdnas were isolated and their sequ ... | 2000 | 10831851 |
| developments in bread-making processes. | an introduction to the evolutionary history of wheat is followed by a description of the origin and distribution of the modern hexaploid wheat varieties in europe. next, the influence of cultural (the way of bread making), social and economic (i.e. the great influence of the united states and canada) factors on wheat growing in europe are considered (section 1). the anatomy and chemical composition of wheat grains and the fundamental differences between hard and soft wheat are described in secti ... | 2000 | 10823487 |
| [the effect of genotype on the rate of regeneration of plants in a microspore culture of triticum aestivum l]. | the effect of genotype on the productivity of in vitro microspore culture of wheat (triticum aestivum) was studied. wheat cultivars and hybrids bred in kazakhstan and used in the programs on breeding new high-productivity and disease-resistant cultivars and forms of plants were tested. the genotypes that are responsive to androgenesis have been found among the cultivars tested: cultivars kazakhstanskaya 4, kazakhstanskaya 5, and hybrids obtained from crosses with the participation of these culti ... | 2000 | 10822812 |
| the effects of chemical remediation treatments on the extractability and speciation of cadmium and lead in contaminated soils. | two rural soils contaminated by cadmium (cd) and lead (pb) were used to evaluate the effect of different chemical treatments on changes in speciation and extractability of cd and pb, and in phytoavailability to wheat. triplicates of seven chemical treatments were tested to compare and evaluate the remediation techniques for contaminated soils using pot experiments. treatments applied were calcium carbonate, a high quantity of phosphate salt, hog composts, iron oxide, manganese oxide, zeolite, an ... | 2000 | 10819206 |
| gradients in water potential and turgor pressure along the translocation pathway during grain filling in normally watered and water-stressed wheat plants. | the water relations parameters involved in assimilate flow into developing wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grains were measured at several points from the flag leaf to the endosperm cavity in normally watered (psi approximately -0.3 mpa) and water-stressed plants (psi approximately -2 mpa). these included direct measurement of sieve tube turgor and several independent approaches to the measurement or calculation of water potentials in the peduncle, grain pericarp, and endosperm cavity. sieve tube t ... | 2000 | 10806232 |
| sieve tube unloading and post-phloem transport of fluorescent tracers and proteins injected into sieve tubes via severed aphid stylets. | a variety of fluorescent tracers and proteins were injected via severed aphid stylets into the sieve tubes of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grains to evaluate the dimensions of plasmodesmal channels involved in sieve element/companion cell (se/cc) unloading and post-phloem transport. in the post-phloem pathway, where diffusion is the predominant mode of transport, the largest molecule to show mobility was 16-kd dextran, with a stokes radius of 2.6 nm. this suggests that the aqueous channels for c ... | 2000 | 10806231 |
| two novel intrinsic annexins accumulate in wheat membranes in response to low temperature. | four immunologically related proteins that belong to the annexin family were identified in cold acclimated wheat (triticum aestivum). two soluble forms with molecular masses of 34 and 36 kda were found to bind phospholipid membranes in a calcium-dependent manner. these two forms are similar to the previously reported doublet in several plant species. the other two forms, with molecular masses of 39 and 22.5 kda, were found associated with the microsomal fraction. biochemical analysis showed that ... | 2000 | 10795312 |
| chromosomal location of a triticum timopheevii--derived powdery mildew resistance gene transferred to common wheat. | a dominant powdery mildew resistance gene introduced from triticum timopheevii in line 146-155-t of common wheat, triticum aestivum, was located on chromosome 6b by monosomic analysis. restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) and microsatellite analyses detected the presence of a t. timopheevii segment, translocated to chromosome 6b, with breakpoints between the loci xpsr8/xpsr964 on 6bs and xpsr154/xpsr546 on 6bl. the novel powdery mildew resistance gene, which has been designated pm27, ... | 2000 | 10791827 |
| chromosomal location of aflp markers in common wheat utilizing nulli-tetrasomic stocks. | amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) markers with a total of 256 ecori + ann - msei + cnn primer combinations were investigated employing the common wheat cultivar triticum aestivum 'chinese spring.' on average, 103 fragments per primer combination were amplified, ranging from a maximum of 226 fragments to a minimum of 18 fragments. the primer combinations e + aaa - m + cnn and e + att - m + cnn produced very few distinct fragments. by using 15 randomly chosen ecori + ann - msei + cnn p ... | 2000 | 10791818 |
| the genes encoding granule-bound starch synthases at the waxy loci of the a, b, and d progenitors of common wheat. | three genes encoding granule-bound starch synthase (wx-tma, wx-tsb, and wx-ttd) have been isolated from triticum monococcum (aa), and triticum speltoides (bb), by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) approach, and from triticum tauschii (dd), by screening a genomic dna library. multiple sequence alignment indicated that the wx-tma, wx-tsb, and wx-ttd genes had the same extron and (or) intron structure as the previously reported waxy gene from barley. the lengths of the three wx-tma, wx-tsb, and w ... | 2000 | 10791814 |
| fate of multicentric and ring chromosomes induced by a new gametocidal factor located on chromosome 4mg of aegilops geniculata. | a new gametocidal (gc) factor was identified on chromosome 4mg of aegilops geniculata roth. when transferred to chinese spring wheat, monosomic and disomic triticum aestivum-ae. geniculata chromosome 4mg addition plants undergo regular first and second meiotic divisions. male gametogenesis in disomic 4mg addition plants also is normal. however, chromosome breakage and anaphase bridges were observed at ana/telophase of the first (29%) and second (11%) pollen mitosis in monosomic 4mg addition plan ... | 2000 | 10780702 |
| improved biomass productivity and water use efficiency under water deficit conditions in transgenic wheat constitutively expressing the barley hva1 gene. | the aba-responsive barley gene hva1, a member of group 3 late embryogenesis abundant (lea) protein genes, was introduced into spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cv. hi-line using the biolistic bombardment method. high levels of expression of the hva1 gene, regulated by the maize ubi1 promoter, were observed in leaves and roots of independent transgenic wheat plants and were inherited by offspring generations. t(3) progenies of four selected transgenic wheat lines were tested under greenhouse co ... | 2000 | 10773334 |
| the effects of elevated co(2) concentrations on cell division rates, growth patterns, and blade anatomy in young wheat plants are modulated by factors related to leaf position, vernalization, and genotype. | this study demonstrates that elevated [co(2)] has profound effects on cell division and expansion in developing wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves and on the quantitative integration of these processes in whole-leaf growth kinetics, anatomy, and carbon content. the expression of these effects, however, is modified by intrinsic factors related to genetic makeup and leaf position, and also by exposure to low vernalizing temperatures at germination. beyond these interactions, leaf developmental re ... | 2000 | 10759536 |
| enhancement of na(+) uptake currents, time-dependent inward-rectifying k(+) channel currents, and k(+) channel transcripts by k(+) starvation in wheat root cells. | excessive low-affinity na(+) uptake is toxic to the growth of glycophytic plants. recently, several reports have suggested that the interaction between k(+) and na(+) uptake might represent a key factor in determining the na(+) tolerance of plants. we investigated the effects of k(+) starvation on na(+) and k(+) uptake mechanisms in the plasma membrane of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) root cortex cells using the patch-clamp technique. unexpectedly, k(+) starvation of wheat seedlings was found to ... | 2000 | 10759535 |
| [cytogenetic changes induced by low-intensity microwaves in the species triticum aestivum]. | seeds of triticum aestivum having an uniform genophond have been exposed to a microwave flow, with a frequency of 9.75 ghz and a low intensity. the effects of microwaves at various doses on mitotic activity have been followed. our results show that as compared to the controls different types of chromosomal aberrations appeared: delayed chromosomes, micronuclei, interchromosomal bridges, chromosomal fragments. | 2011 | 10756851 |
| [thiol oxidase and disulfide reductase activities of the wheat triticum aestivum l. caryopsis and its technological quality]. | activities of oxygen-dependent thiol: o2 oxidoreductase (ec 1.8.3.2) and glutathione-dependent thiol: protein-disulfide oxidoreductase (ec 1.8.4.2) as well as technological value of seven soft spring wheat cultivars grown on different soil under contrasting climatic conditions (krasnodar krai and irkutsk oblast) were studied. it was found that the ratio of these enzymatic activities correlated positively with dough physical properties and flour bread-baking quality. | 2006 | 10752091 |
| [analysis of genetic diversity of wheat using genetic resources information system gris]. | the possibilities of using the genetic resources information and analysis system (gris) 3.2, a database and software package, in studies of various aspects of genetic diversity in wheat are demonstrated. a model of genetic diversity was analyzed; diversity levels were estimated in wheat from various regions at different times. the genetic basis of russian winter and spring common wheat cultivars was investigated. transmission of powdery mildew resistance genes was traced in cultivars with identi ... | 2000 | 10752032 |
| purification and characterization of a hydroxamic acid glucoside beta-glucosidase from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings. | a beta-glucosidase (ec 3.2.1.21) with a high affinity for cyclic hydroxamic acid beta-d-glucosides was purified from 48-h-old wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings. the activity occurred transiently at a high level during the non-autotrophic stage of growth, and the nature of the transient occurrence was correlated with that of 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one glucoside (dimboa-glc). the glucosidase had maximum activity at an acidic ph (ph 5.5) and the purified enzyme showed a high ... | 2000 | 10750901 |
| cation permeability and selectivity of a root plasma membrane calcium channel. | calcium channels in the plasma membrane of root cells fulfill both nutritional and signaling roles. the permeability of these channels to different cations determines the magnitude of their cation conductances, their effects on cell membrane potential and their contribution to cation toxicities. the selectivity of the rca channel, a ca2+-permeable channel from the plasma membrane of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) roots, was studied following its incorporation into planar lipid bilayers. the permea ... | 2000 | 10741434 |
| [the transfer of genes for brown rust resistance from aegilops umbellulata eig. to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genome]. | the potential of a genome-substituted form avrolata (aabbuu) as a genetic system in genomic and chromosome manipulations for gene transfer from the wild species aegilops umbellulata eig. (uu) to cultivated wheat was studied. it was shown that plants combining resistance to leaf brown rust with high productivity may be produced from this form by classical hybridization procedures. the resistance gene introduced to line r-12 is dominant and probably identical to the lr9 gene. by n-banding, chromos ... | 2000 | 10732282 |
| [identification and certification of common wheat cultivars using rapd and ssrp methods of analysis]. | based on rapd and ssrp analysis of wheats of different ecological-geographical origin, the procedures for composing genetic formulas of cultivars and their certification have been elaborated. the application of rapd and ssrp analysis to the identification of wheat cultivars is discussed. | 2000 | 10732279 |
| isolation and characterisation of wheat cdna clones encoding pr4 proteins. | two cdna clones encoding the previously characterised pr4 proteins wheatwin 1 and wheatwin2 from wheat (triticum aestivum cv. s. pastore) have been identified and named wpr4a and wpr4b, respectively. the clones have been isolated by screening a cdna library with a specific cdna probe obtained by rt-pcr. the wpr4a and wpr4b cdnas contain open reading frames of 441 and 447 bp that encode for wheatwin1 and wheatwin2, respectively. | 1999 | 10727084 |
| changes in wheat germination following gamma-ray irradiation: an in vivo electronic paramagnetic resonance spin-probe study. | embryos excised from wheat (triticum aestivum) grains following gamma-ray irradiation at different doses were analyzed on membrane permeability by electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) technique with 4-oxo-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (tempone) as spin probe to acquire an epr spectrum. the broadening agent ferricyanide added leads to changes in the high-field region of the epr spectrum, which reflects differences in membrane permeability. r-value, defined as the ratio of water (w) to ... | 2000 | 10725521 |
| a weakly voltage-dependent, nonselective cation channel mediates toxic sodium influx in wheat. | to determine the transporters responsible for toxic na(+) influx in wheat (triticum aestivum), root plasma membrane preparations were screened using the planar lipid bilayer technique as an assay for na(+)-permeable ion channel activity. the predominant channel in the bilayer was a 44-ps channel that we called the nonselective cation (nsc) channel, which was nonselective for monovalent cations and weakly voltage dependent. single channel characteristics of the nsc channel were compared with (22) ... | 2000 | 10712546 |
| simultaneous determination of phenolic acids and 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. | a procedure using gas chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (gc-ms-ms) has been developed for the identification and quantification of some allelochemicals in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the quantities of allelochemicals in wheat shoots ranged from 2.9 to 110 mg per kilogram of dry shoot residues. compared with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms), the gc-ms-ms technique significantly increased instrument selectivity and sensitivity, thereby providing more reliable quantitation r ... | 1999 | 10669299 |
| genetic study of glutathione accumulation during cold hardening in wheat. | the effect of cold hardening on the accumulation of glutathione (gsh) and its precursors was studied in the shoots and roots of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cv. cheyenne (ch, frost-tolerant) and cv. chinese spring (cs, moderately frost-sensitive), in a t. spelta l. accession (tsp, frost-sensitive) and in chromosome substitution lines cs (ch 5a) and cs (tsp 5a). the fast induction of total glutathione accumulation was detected during the first 3 d of hardening in the shoots, especially in the fro ... | 2000 | 10664136 |
| the ha locus of wheat: identification of a polymorphic region for tracing grain hardness in crosses. | the grain softness proteins or friabilins are known to be composed of three main components: puroindoline a, puroindoline b, and gsp-1. cdnas for gsp-1 have previously been mapped to group-5 chromosomes and their location on chromosome 5d is closely linked to the grain hardness (ha) locus of hexaploid wheat. a genomic dna clone containing the gsp-1 gene (wgsp1-a1) from hexaploid wheat has been identified by fluorescent in situ hybridization as having originated from the distal end of the short a ... | 1999 | 10659793 |
| identification of wheat and tritordeum chromosomes by genomic in situ hybridization using total hordeum chilense dna as probe | total genomic hordeum chilense dna probe was hybridized to somatic chromosome spreads of triticum aestivum 'chinese spring' and to four advanced tritordeum lines, the latter being the fertile amphiploid between h. chilense and durum wheat (2n = 6x = 42, aabbh(ch)h(ch)). the probe hybridized strongly to the b-genome chromosomes and to one or two bands on the a-genome chromosomes present in both wheat and tritordeum alloploids. bands on chromosomes 1d, 2d, and 7d from hexaploid wheat were also det ... | 1999 | 10659787 |
| photoperiod-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterility in wheat: nuclear-mitochondrial incompatibility results in differential processing of the mitochondrial orf25 gene. | an alloplasmic wheat line with the cytoplasm of aegilops crassa expresses photoperiod-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterility (pcms). southern- and northern-hybridization analyses showed that this line contains alterations in both the gene structure and transcription patterns of the mitochondrial gene orf25. in this study, the nucleotide sequence around the orf25 gene of ae. crassa (cr-orf25) and common wheat (ae-orf25) was determined, and we found that the upstream region of cr-orf25 had been repl ... | 1999 | 10654089 |
| non-gridded library: a new approach for bac (bacterial artificial chromosome) exploitation in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum). | the feasibility of exploiting non-gridded bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) libraries and some major factors affecting the efficiency of handling such libraries were studied in hexaploid wheat. even for a bacterial culture containing only 55% recombinants, some 2000 bac clones with inserts ranging from 45 to 245 kb could be pooled. the pooled bac clones could be amplified by culturing for up to 6 h without losing any target clones. these results imply that even for hexaploid wheat, which has ... | 2000 | 11121493 |
| [use of rapd- and sts-analysis for marking genes of a homeologic group from chromosome 5 of common wheat]. | the search for sts (sequence-tagged site) and rapd (random amplified polymorphic dna) markers tightly linked to some genes of homeologous group 5 chromosomes of common wheat triticum aestivum l., more specifically, awns inhibitor genes (b1), vernalization response gene (vrn1), and homeologous chromosome pairing gene (ph1), was conducted. to estimate the linkage of the gene with the marker, wheat lines marked with recessive alleles b1 and vrn1 were used. relp (restriction fragment length polymorp ... | 1999 | 10624582 |
| [transformation of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) with herbicide-resistant epsps gene]. | the herbicide-resistant epsps (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) gene was transformed into about 1,000 young spikes and 800 young embryos of wheat variety, jinghua 1, with gene gun. thirty-eight and four regenerated plants were obtained respectively screened with glyphosate. all regenerated plants were analysed by pcr and/or southern blotting. the results indicated that epsps gene was integrated stably into the genome of jinghua 1, and some of the transformants showed fertile. so herb ... | 1999 | 10589163 |
| evaluation of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) phenolic acids during grain development and their contribution to fusarium resistance. | the phenolic acid profiles of six cultivars of wheat with known tolerance to fusarium head blight were evaluated during plant development from anthesis through maturity. analysis by hplc of grain at anthesis revealed that p-coumaric and ferulic acid were the two principal phenolic compounds present. the effect of these two phenolic acids on fusarium species was evaluated in vitro. both phenolic acids demonstrated significant reductions (p < 0.05) of fusarium species growth at all concentrations ... | 1999 | 10564002 |
| distribution and structural variation of arabinoxylans in common wheat mill streams. | in 19 wheat-milling fractions total pentosan content, calculated as 0.88 x (% l-arabinose + % d-xylose), varied between 1.44 and 30.66% on dry matter (dm). it increased with ash content once the latter exceeded 0.6% (dm basis). water-extractable arabinoxylans were recovered by saturating water extracts to 65% ethanol. their contents in the milling fractions varied between 0.35 and 1.38%, and above 0.6% ash content also increased with this parameter. their l-arabinose-to-d-xylose ratios ranged be ... | 1999 | 10563884 |
| pre-anthesis reserve utilization for protein and carbohydrate synthesis in grains of wheat. | we assessed the contribution of pre-anthesis reserve c to protein and carbohydrate deposition in grains of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using a new approach comprised of steady-state (13)c/(12)c labeling and separation of the protein and carbohydrate fractions of mature grains. experiments were performed with two spring wheat cultivars (kadett and star) grown with differential n fertilizer supply over 2 years. pre-anthesis reserves contributed between 30% and 47% of the c in protein and 8% to 27 ... | 1999 | 10557235 |
| the role of photosynthetic electron transport in the oxidative degradation of chloroplastic glutamine synthetase | the stability of chloroplastic glutamine synthetase (gs; ec 6.3.1.2) was investigated under photooxidative stress using wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves, chloroplasts, and chloroplast lysates. illuminated seedlings sprayed with the superoxide radical (o-(2)) propagator methyl viologen showed rapid gs decline dependent on mv concentration and exposure time. degradation products of approximately 39 and 31 kd were detected when chloroplast lysates containing both stroma and thylakoids were illum ... | 1999 | 10517838 |
| mobilization of trivalent chromium in presence of organic acids: a hydroponic study of wheat plant (triticum vulgare). | | 1999 | 10501732 |
| phylogeny and transpositional activity of ty1-copia group retrotransposons in cereal genomes. | the ty1-copia group retrotransposon populations of barley (hordeum vulgare) and bread wheat (triticum aestivum) have been characterised by degenerate pcr and sequence analysis of fragments of the reverse transcriptase genes. the barley population is comprised of a highly heterogeneous set of retrotransposons, together with a collection of sequences that are closely related to the bare-1 element. wheat also contains a highly diverse ty1-copia retrotransposon population, together with a less promi ... | 1999 | 10485278 |
| the existence of the k(+) channel in plant mitochondria. | in this study, evidence is given that a number of isolated coupled plant mitochondria (from durum wheat, bread wheat, spelt, rye, barley, potato, and spinach) can take up externally added k(+) ions. this was observed by following mitochondrial swelling in isotonic kcl solutions and was confirmed by a novel method in which the membrane potential decrease due to externally added k(+) is measured fluorimetrically by using safranine. a detailed investigation of k(+) uptake by durum wheat mitochondri ... | 1999 | 10480870 |
| the effects of la(iii) on the peroxidation of membrane lipids in wheat seedling leaves under osmotic stress. | the physiological effects of the rare earth ion la3+ on the peroxidation of membrane lipids in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedling leaves under osmotic stress were determined. with the passage of time under osmotic stress, the inhibition ability of lanthanum ions to the relative membrane permeability and concentration of malondialdehyde, superoxide radicals, and hydrogen peroxide caused by osmotic stress increased substantially, but no changes were noted in ferrous and relative water content. ... | 1999 | 10433346 |
| single-stranded dna in the genetic transformation of wheat (triticum aestivum l.): transformation frequency and integration pattern. | two non-linked marker genes (gus and bar) were co-introduced by microprojectile bombardment into wheat cells. four different dna structures were compared with respect to ability to integrate into the wheat genome: circular or linear (l) dna as a single- or double-stranded plasmid (ss and ds, respectively). in eight independent experiments, linearized dna integrated in the ds or ss form with a high efficiency of up to 14% for l-ssdna. molecular analyses by southern blotting showed that all dna fo ... | 1999 | 22665182 |
| agronomic performance of lines derived from anther culture, maize pollination and single-seed descent in a spring wheat cross. | anther culture and maize hybridization are two frequently used techniques for doubled haploid production in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). information on the field performance of lines derived from these techniques is limited. this study was conducted to compare the performance of f(4:6) lines obtained by single-seed descent with lines obtained by anther culture and maize (zea mays l.) pollination from the same cross of spring wheat, 'chris'/mn 7529. thirty-three lines derived from each of those ... | 1999 | 22665175 |
| identification of wheat varieties using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry and an artificial neural network | a novel tool for variety identification of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) has been developed: an artificial neural network (ann) is used to classify the gliadin fraction analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tofms). the robustness of this novel method with respect to various experimental parameters has been tested. the results can be summarised: (i) with this approach 97% of the wheat varieties can be classified correctly with a correspondi ... | 1999 | 10407351 |
| inhibition of water channels by hgcl2 in intact wheat root cells | to assess the extent of water flow through channels in the membranes of intact higher plant cells, the effects of hgcl2 on hydraulic conductivity (lp) of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) root cells were investigated using a pressure probe. the lp of root cells was reduced by 75% in the presence of 100 &mgr;m hgcl2. the k+-channel blocker tetraethylammonium had no effect on the lp at concentrations that normally block k+ channels. hgcl2 rapidly depolarized the membrane potential (vm) of the root cell ... | 1999 | 10398721 |
| [the influence of the water potential in the root-habitable area on the efficiency of the higher-order plants]. | in a set of 8 experiments, in leaf mustard brassica junceae l. (cult. volnushka) and in soft wheat triticum aestivum l. (cult. super dwarf) there has been studied dynamics of accumulating biomass in the ontogenesis in accordance with the value of water potential in the root-habitable medium. besides, in wheat there has been investigated the process of forming the grain crop capacity in a period between v and xii stages of the organogenesis from kuperman's classification. the plants have been gro ... | 1999 | 10399556 |
| isolation and characterization of the three waxy genes encoding the granule-bound starch synthase in hexaploid wheat. | complete genomic dna sequences of three homoeologous waxy structural genes, located on the chromosomes 7a, 4a, and 7d in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. chinese spring), were separately determined and analyzed. those structural genes in lengths from start to stop codon were 2781bp in wx-7a, 2794bp in wx-4a, and 2862bp in wx-7d, each of which consisted of 11 exons and ten introns. they were closely similar to one another in the nucleotide sequences, with 95.6-96.3% homology in mature pr ... | 1999 | 10393240 |
| cloning of a wheat puroindoline gene promoter by ipcr and analysis of promoter regions required for tissue-specific expression in transgenic rice seeds. | a genomic dna fragment containing the 5'-upstream sequence and part of the open reading frame corresponding to triticum aestivum puroindoline-b cdna, was isolated by inverse pcr. promoter fragments extending to -1068, -388, -210 or -124 upstream of the translation initiation atg codon and the sequence coding for the first 13 amino acids of the puroindoline-b, were translationally fused to the uida reporter gene encoding beta-glucuronidase and transferred to rice calli via particle bombardment-me ... | 1999 | 10380798 |
| water content, raffinose, and dehydrins in the induction of desiccation tolerance in immature wheat embryos | desiccation tolerance is initiated in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) embryos in planta at 22 to 24 d after anthesis, at the time that the embryo water content has decreased from about 73% fresh weight (2.7 g water/g dry weight) to about 65% fresh weight (1.8 g water/g dry weight). to determine if desiccation tolerance is fully induced by the loss of a relatively small amount of water, detached wheat grains were treated to reduce the embryo water content by just a small amount to approximately 69% ... | 1999 | 10364397 |
| isolation, chromosomal localization, and differential expression of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase and chloroplastic copper/zinc superoxide dismutase genes in wheat. | superoxide dismutase (sod) gene expression was investigated to elucidate its role in drought and freezing tolerance in spring and winter wheat (triticum aestivum). cdnas encoding chloroplastic cu/znsods and mitochondrial mnsods were isolated from wheat. mnsod and cu/znsod genes were mapped to the long arms of the homologous group-2 and -7 chromosomes, respectively. northern blots indicated that mnsod genes were drought inducible and decreased after rehydration. in contrast, cu/znsod mrna was not ... | 1999 | 10364402 |
| homologous chromosome pairing in wheat. | bread wheat is a hexaploid (aabbdd, 2n=6x=42) containing three related ancestral genomes, each having 7 chromosomes, giving 42 chromosomes in diploid cells. during meiosis true homologues are correctly associated in wild-type wheat, but a degree of association of related chromosomes (homoeologues) occurs in a mutant (ph1b). we show that the centromeres are associated in non-homologous pairs in all floral tissues studied, both in wild-type wheat and the ph1b mutant. the non-homologous centromere ... | 1999 | 10318768 |
| phylogenetic reconstruction based on low copy dna sequence data in an allopolyploid: the b genome of wheat. | study of bread wheat (triticum aestivum) may help to resolve several questions related to polyploid evolution. one such question regards the possibility that the component genomes of polyploids may themselves be polyphyletic, resulting from hybridization and introgression among different polyploid species sharing a single genome. we used the b genome of wheat as a model system to test hypotheses that bear on the monophyly or polyphyly of the individual constituent genomes. by using aneuploid whe ... | 1999 | 10231966 |
| evolution of the high molecular weight glutenin loci of the a, b, d, and g genomes of wheat. | we used pcr to obtain phylogenetically informative sequences from the high molecular weight glutenin genes of wheat. the validity of partial sequence comparisons as a means of studying glutenin phylogenetics was established by constructing neighbour-joining trees from partial alignments of 12 published glutenin allele sequences. pcr was then used to obtain 20 novel glutenin allele sequences from various triticum and aegilops species, including a 3000 year old preserved wheat. a neighbour-joining ... | 1999 | 10231962 |
| abscisic acid-induced secretory proteins in suspension-cultured cells of winter wheat. | in suspension-cultured cells of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. chihokukomugi), the accumulation of soluble secretory proteins in the culture medium was promoted by aba treatment in comparison with non-treated cells. the total amount of secretory proteins in aba-treated cells was 1.7-fold higher than that in non-treated cells. the analysis of two-dimensional electrophoresis revealed that at least twelve secretory proteins were induced by aba, and these were named was (wheat aba-induced se ... | 1999 | 10202814 |
| active oxygen species in blue light mediated signal transduction in coleoptile tips. | coleoptile tip is a blue-light sensitive tissue possessing a "blue light receptor" which, upon activation, elicits a signal cascade resulting in phototropic curvature of the coleoptile. in this context, the nature of the photoreceptors and the exact mechanism through which the photoreceptors transduces the signal across the membrane are not clear. in this study, we attempted to examine whether the blue light receptor perturbs redox status of the coleoptile tip and sensitizes molecular oxygen as ... | 1999 | 10079179 |
| in vitro cytotoxic effect of wheat gliadin-derived peptides on the caco-2 intestinal cell line is associated with intracellular oxidative imbalance: implications for coeliac disease. | coeliac disease (cd) is an inflammatory disorder of the upper small intestine in which gluten acts as an essential factor in its pathogenesis. although it is generally accepted that cereal protein activation of the immune system is involved in cd progression, a non-immunomediated cytotoxic activity of gliadin-derived peptides on the jejunal/duodenal tract cannot be excluded. in this work, considering that (a) little has been reported about the intracellular metabolic events associated with gliad ... | 1999 | 9989255 |
| fragmentation of the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase by reactive oxygen species occurs near gly-329. | the large subunit (lsu) of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) in the illuminated lysates of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) chloroplasts is broken down by reactive oxygen radicals into 37- and 16-kda polypeptides. analysis of the terminal amino acid residues of both fragments revealed that the c terminus of the 37-kda fragment was ser-328 and the n terminus of the 16-kda fragment was thr-330. gly-329, which links the two fragments, was missing, suggesting that the fragmentati ... | 1999 | 9988772 |
| biodegradation and ecotoxicity of hfcs and hcfcs. | hydrofluorocarbons (hfcs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (hcfcs) are used or developed as substitutes for fully halogenated chlorofluorocarbons. based on the results of closed-bottle tests, the biodegradation of hfc-32, hcfc-123, hcfc-124, hfc-125, hfc-134a, hcfc-141b, hcfc-225ca, and hcfc-225cb was less than 60% after 28 days and therefore these compounds are considered not readily biodegradable. standard acute toxicity tests with hcfc-123, hcfc-141b, and hcfc-225ca using algae, water fleas, and ... | 1999 | 9888959 |
| patterns of starchy endosperm acidification and protease gene expression in wheat grains following germination | cereal aleurone responses to gibberellic acid (ga3) include activation of synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes and acidification of the external medium. we have studied the effect of the ph of the incubation medium on the response of wheat (triticum aestivum) aleurone cells to ga3. de-embryonated half grains show the capacity for ga3-activated medium acidification when incubation is carried out at ph 6.0 to 7.0 but not at lower phs. in addition, the activating effect of ga3 on the expression of carbo ... | 1999 | 9880349 |
| occurrence and characterization of 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one and indole hydroxylases in juvenile wheat. | cyclic hydroxamic acids, 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (diboa) and its 7-methoxy analogue (dimboa), occur transiently in high amounts in wheat and maize during the juvenile, non-autotrophic stage of growth. to elucidate the biosynthetic enzymes operating for the transient production of these compounds, we examined the hydroxylating activities for 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (hboa), the immediate precursor of diboa, and indole, the first intermediate of the biosynthetic pathway that branc ... | 1999 | 27389648 |
| meiosis of wheat x lymegrass hybrids. | meiosis was examined in pollen mother cells of f1 hybrids made from crosses between wheat (triticum aestivum) and lymegrass (leymus arenarius and l. mollis). fluorescence genomic in situ hybridization detected pairing between wheat and lymegrass chromosomes during prophase i and metaphase i. such pairing, when resulting in bivalent formation, was likely to yield correct disjunction, and hence intergenomic recombination could be incorporated into the gametes. bivalents in these hybrids, however, ... | 1998 | 9872662 |
| comparison of the ability of partially n-acetylated chitosans and chitooligosaccharides to elicit resistance reactions in wheat leaves | chitin, a linear polysaccharide composed of (1-->4)-linked 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-d-glucopyranose (glcnac) residues, and chitosan, the fully or partially n-acetylated, water-soluble derivative of chitin composed of (1-->4)-linked glcnac and 2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-d-glucopyranose (glcn), have been proposed as elicitors of defense reactions in higher plants. we tested and compared the ability of purified (1-->4)-linked oligomers of glcnac (tetramer to decamer) and of glcn (pentamer and heptamer) a ... | 1998 | 9847109 |
| characterization of a low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit gene from bread wheat and the corresponding protein that represents a major subunit of the glutenin polymer. | both high- and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (lmw-gs) play the major role in determining the viscoelastic properties of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) flour. to date there has been no clear correspondence between the amino acid sequences of lmw-gs derived from dna sequencing and those of actual lmw-gs present in the endosperm. we have characterized a particular lmw-gs from hexaploid bread wheat, a major component of the glutenin polymer, which we call the 42k lmw-gs, and have isolated and ... | 1998 | 9847089 |
| estimating the excess investment in ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in leaves of spring wheat grown under elevated co2 | wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was grown under co2 partial pressures of 36 and 70 pa with two n-application regimes. responses of photosynthesis to varying co2 partial pressure were fitted to estimate the maximal carboxylation rate and the nonphotorespiratory respiration rate in flag and preceding leaves. the maximal carboxylation rate was proportional to ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) content, and the light-saturated photosynthetic rate at 70 pa co2 was proportional to ... | 1998 | 9808739 |
| circadian-regulated transcription of the psbd light-responsive promoter in wheat chloroplasts. | the level of mrnas derived from the plastid-encoded psbd light-responsive promoter (lrp) is controlled by a circadian clock(s) in wheat (triticum aestivum). the circadian oscillations in the psbd lrp mrna level persisted for at least three cycles in continuous light and for one cycle in continuous dark, with maxima in subjective morning and minima in subjective early night. in vitro transcription in chloroplast extracts revealed that the circadian cycles in the psbd lrp mrna level were dominantl ... | 1998 | 9808753 |
| effect of the pairing gene ph1 and premeiotic colchicine treatment on intra- and interchromosome pairing of isochromosomes in common wheat. | the analysis of the pattern of isochromosome pairing allows one to distinguish factors affecting presynaptic alignment of homologous chromosomes from those affecting synapsis and crossing-over. because the two homologous arms in an isochromosome are invariably associated by a common centromere, the suppression of pairing between these arms (intrachromosome pairing) would indicate that synaptic or postsynaptic events were impaired. in contrast, the suppression of pairing between an isochromosome ... | 1998 | 9799271 |
| rapid up-regulation of hkt1, a high-affinity potassium transporter gene, in roots of barley and wheat following withdrawal of potassium | high-affinity k+ uptake in plant roots is rapidly up-regulated when k+ is withheld and down-regulated when k+ is resupplied. these processes make important contributions to plant k+ homeostasis. a cdna coding for a high-affinity k+ transporter, hkt1, was earlier cloned from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) roots and functionally characterized. we demonstrate here that in both barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and wheat roots, a rapid and large up-regulation of hkt1 mrna levels resulted when k+ was withdra ... | 1998 | 9765551 |
| does a low nitrogen supply necessarily lead to acclimation of photosynthesis to elevated co2? | long-term exposure of plants to elevated partial pressures of co2 (pco2) often depresses photosynthetic capacity. the mechanistic basis for this photosynthetic acclimation may involve accumulation of carbohydrate and may be promoted by nutrient limitation. however, our current knowledge is inadequate for making reliable predictions concerning the onset and extent of acclimation. many studies have sought to investigate the effects of n supply but the methodologies used generally do not allow sepa ... | 1998 | 9765543 |
| three mechanisms for the calcium alleviation of mineral toxicities | ca2+ in rooting medium is essential for root elongation, even in the absence of added toxicants. in the presence of rhizotoxic levels of al3+, h+, or na+ (or other cationic toxicants), supplementation of the medium with higher levels of ca2+ alleviates growth inhibition. experiments to determine the mechanisms of alleviation entailed measurements of root elongation in wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv scout 66) seedlings in controlled medium. a gouy-chapman-stern model was used to compute the elect ... | 1998 | 9765536 |
| computation of surface electrical potentials of plant cell membranes . correspondence to published zeta potentials from diverse plant sources | a gouy-chapman-stern model has been developed for the computation of surface electrical potential (psi0) of plant cell membranes in response to ionic solutes. the present model is a modification of an earlier version developed to compute the sorption of ions by wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv scout 66) root plasma membranes. a single set of model parameters generates values for psi0 that correlate highly with published zeta potentials of protoplasts and plasma membrane vesicles from diverse plant ... | 1998 | 9765535 |
| a nonparametric bootstrap method for testing close linkage vs. pleiotropy of coincident quantitative trait loci. | a novel method using the nonparametric bootstrap is proposed for testing whether a quantitative trait locus (qtl) at one chromosomal position could explain effects on two separate traits. if the single-qtl hypothesis is accepted, pleiotropy could explain the effect on two traits. if it is rejected, then the effects on two traits are due to linked qtls. the method can be used in conjunction with several qtl mapping methods as long as they provide a straightforward estimate of the number of qtls d ... | 1998 | 9755221 |
| characterization of zinc uptake, binding, and translocation in intact seedlings of bread and durum wheat cultivars | durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var durum) cultivars exhibit lower zn efficiency than comparable bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars. to understand the physiological mechanism(s) that confers zn efficiency, this study used 65zn to investigate ionic zn2+ root uptake, binding, and translocation to shoots in seedlings of bread and durum wheat cultivars. time-dependent zn2+ accumulation during 90 min was greater in roots of the bread wheat cultivar. zn2+ cell wall binding was not differen ... | 1998 | 9733541 |
| dynamics of tandem repetitive afa-family sequences in triticeae, wheat-related species. | the afa-family sequences in wheat-related species, triticeae, are tandem repetitive sequences of 340 bp. all the analyzed triticeae species carried the sequences in their genomes, though the copy numbers varied about 100-fold among the species. the nucleotide fragments amplified by pcr were cloned and sequenced, and their behavior in the evolution of triticeae was analyzed by the neighbor-joining (nj) method. the sequences in genomes with many copies of this family clustered at independent branc ... | 1998 | 9694667 |
| a microsatellite map of wheat. | hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell) is one of the world's most important crop plants and displays a very low level of intraspecific polymorphism. we report the development of highly polymorphic microsatellite markers using procedures optimized for the large wheat genome. the isolation of microsatellite-containing clones from hypomethylated regions of the wheat genome increased the proportion of useful markers almost twofold. the majority (80%) of primer sets developed are geno ... | 1998 | 9691054 |
| isolation and characterization of wheat aluminum-regulated genes: possible involvement of aluminum as a pathogenesis response elicitor. | using differential screening of a root tip cdna library prepared from an al-tolerant wheat cultivar (triticum aestivum l. cv. atlas-66) exposed to al, we have isolated and characterized several wheat aluminum-regulated (war) cdnas. sequence comparison revealed that genes up-regulated by al correspond to peroxidase (war4.2), cysteine proteinase (war5.2), phenylalanine-ammonia lyase (war7.2), and oxalate oxidase (war13.2). two wheat cultivars that differ in their level of tolerance (cv. atlas-66: ... | 1998 | 9684357 |
| does leaf position within a canopy affect acclimation of photosynthesis to elevated co2?. analysis of a wheat crop under free-air co2 enrichment | previous studies of photosynthetic acclimation to elevated co2 have focused on the most recently expanded, sunlit leaves in the canopy. we examined acclimation in a vertical profile of leaves through a canopy of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the crop was grown at an elevated co2 partial pressure of 55 pa within a replicated field experiment using free-air co2 enrichment. gas exchange was used to estimate in vivo carboxylation capacity and the maximum rate of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate-limited pho ... | 1998 | 9662547 |
| effect of water stress on cell division and cell-division-cycle 2-like cell-cycle kinase activity in wheat leaves | in wheat (triticum aestivum) seedlings subjected to a mild water stress (water potential of -0.3 mpa), the leaf-elongation rate was reduced by one-half and the mitotic activity of mesophyll cells was reduced to 42% of well-watered controls within 1 d. there was also a reduction in the length of the zone of mesophyll cell division to within 4 mm from the base compared with 8 mm in control leaves. however, the period of division continued longer in the stressed than in the control leaves, and the ... | 1998 | 9625720 |
| position effects of ribosomal rna multigene loci on meiotic recombination in wheat. | homeologous wheat chromosome arms that differ by the presence or absence of a nor locus or greatly differ in the numbers of copies of rrna genes per nor locus show conspicuous differences in the distribution of recombination. to assess directly the position effects of nor loci on recombination across chromosome arms, a triticum monococcum nor9 haplotype was substituted for triticum aestivum nor9 haplotypes on two t. aestivum 1a chromosomes in the isogenic background of cv chinese spring. the num ... | 1998 | 9611218 |
| developmentally regulated organ-, tissue-, and cell-specific expression of calmodulin genes in common wheat. | recently, we reported on the characterization of the calmodulin (cam) gene family in wheat [44]. we classified wheat cam genes into four subfamilies (sfs) designated sf-1 to sf-4, each representing a series of homoeoallelic loci on the homoeologous chromosomes of the three genomes of common wheat. here we studied the expression of these wheat cam genes in the course of wheat development. northern blot analysis using sf-specific probes revealed differences in sf expression levels in different org ... | 1998 | 9620269 |
| transpiration efficiency of three mediterranean annual pasture species and wheat. | attempts to improve water use efficiency in regions with mediterranean climates generally focus on increasing plant transpiration relative to evaporation from the soil and increasing transpiration efficiency. our aim was to determine if transpiration efficiency differs among key species occurring in annual pastures in southern australia. two glasshouse experiments were conducted with three key pasture species, subterranean clover (trifolium subterraneum l.), capeweed [arctotheca calendula (l.) l ... | 1998 | 28308465 |
| wheat grain hardness results from highly conserved mutations in the friabilin components puroindoline a and b. | "soft" and "hard" are the two main market classes of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and are distinguished by expression of the hardness gene. friabilin, a marker protein for grain softness (ha), consists of two proteins, puroindoline a and b (pina and pinb, respectively). we previously demonstrated that a glycine to serine mutation in pinb is linked inseparably to grain hardness. here, we report that the pinb serine mutation is present in 9 of 13 additional randomly selected hard wheats and in non ... | 1998 | 9600953 |
| expression and localization of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in developing and germinating wheat grains. | phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc) activity and corresponding mrna levels were investigated in developing and germinating wheat (triticum aestivum) grains. during grain development pepc activity increased to reach a maximum 15 d postanthesis. western-blot experiments detected two main pepc polypeptides with apparent molecular masses of 108 and 103 kd. the most abundant 103-kd pepc subunit remained almost constant throughout the process of grain development and in the scutellum and aleurone l ... | 1998 | 9536041 |
| characterization of cadmium binding, uptake, and translocation in intact seedlings of bread and durum wheat cultivars | high cd content in durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var durum) grain grown in the united states and canada presents potential health and economic problems for consumers and growers. in an effort to understand the biological processes that result in excess cd accumulation, root cd uptake and xylem translocation to shoots in seedlings of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and durum wheat cultivars were studied. whole-plant cd accumulation was somewhat greater in the bread wheat cultivar, but this ... | 1998 | 9536059 |
| wheat cultivar discrimination by capillary electrophoresis of gliadins in isoelectric buffers. | a modified method is reported for screening of wheat cultivars: capillary zone electrophoresis of gliadins in isoelectric buffers. previously published procedures recommended a 100 mm phosphate buffer, supplemented with 0.05% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and 20% acetonitrile, in uncoated capillaries. due to the very high conductivity of such a buffer (4.7 mmhos at 25 degrees c) high speed separations (10-12 min analysis time at 800 v/cm) could only be elicited in 20 microm internal diameter (id) ... | 1998 | 9548297 |
| effect of the pairing gene ph1 on centromere misdivision in common wheat. | the cytologically diploid-like meiotic behavior of hexaploid wheat (i.e., exclusive bivalent pairing of homologues) is largely controlled by the pairing homoeologous gene ph1. this gene suppresses pairing between homoeologous (partially homologous) chromosomes of the three closely related genomes that compose the hexaploid wheat complement. it has been previously proposed that ph1 regulates meiotic pairing by determining the pattern of premeiotic arrangement of homologous and homoeologous chromo ... | 1998 | 9539442 |
| development, characterization, and application of a cadmium-selective microelectrode for the measurement of cadmium fluxes in roots of thlaspi species and wheat | a cd2+-selective vibrating microelectrode was constructed using a neutral carrier-based cd ionophore to investigate ion-transport processes along the roots of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and two species of thlaspi, one a zn/cd hyperaccumulator and the other a related nonaccumulator. in simple cd(no3)2 solutions, the electrode exhibited a nernstian response in solutions with cd2+ activities as low as 50 nm. addition of ca2+ to the calibration solutions did not influence the slope of the calibrat ... | 1998 | 9536057 |
| wheat mads box genes, a multigene family dispersed throughout the genome. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with degenerate primers was utilized for partial cloning of the mads box gene family from wheat (triticum aestivum l.). pcr products corresponding to a part of the mads box region were cloned and sequenced. eleven individual clones sequenced were classified into seven types on the basis of the nucleotide sequence and five types on the deduced amino acid sequence, which included two wheat-specific mads box protein sequences. rt-pcr analysis with degenerate primers ... | 1997 | 9511229 |
| identification of individual barley chromosomes based on repetitive sequences: conservative distribution of afa-family repetitive sequences on the chromosomes of barley and wheat. | the afa-family repetitive sequences were isolated from barley (hordeum vulgare, 2n = 14) and cloned as phva14. this sequence distinguished each barely chromosome by in situ hybridization. double color fluorescence in situ hybridization using phva14 and 5s rdna or hvrt-family sequence (subtelomeric sequence of barley) allocated individual barley chromosomes showing a specific pattern of phva14 to chromosome 1h to 7h. as the case of the d genome chromosomes of aegilops squarrosa and common wheat ( ... | 1997 | 9511227 |