| inhibition of bacillus cereus growth and toxin production by bacillus amyloliquefaciens rd7-7 in fermented soybean products. | bacillus cereus is a gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming bacterium that has been isolated from contaminated fermented soybean food products and from the environment. b. cereus produces diarrheal and emetic toxins and has caused many outbreaks of foodborne diseases. in this study, we investigated whether b. amyloliquefaciens rd7-7, isolated from rice doenjang (korean fermented soybean paste), a traditional korean fermented soybean food, shows antimicrobial activity against b. cereus and regu ... | 2016 | 26528531 |
| chitin extraction from crab shells by bacillus bacteria. biological activities of fermented crab supernatants. | crab shells waste were fermented using six protease-producing bacillus species (bacillus subtilis a26, bacillus mojavensis a21, bacillus pumilus a1, bacillus amyloliquefaciens an6, bacillus licheniformis nh1 and bacillus cereus bg1) for the production of chitin and fermented-crab supernatants (fcss). in medium containing only crab shells, the highest demineralization dm was obtained with b. licheniformis nh1 (83±0.5%) and b. pumilus a1 (80±0.6%), while the highest deproteinization (dp) was achie ... | 2015 | 25910648 |
| characterization of deep sea fish gut bacteria with antagonistic potential, from centroscyllium fabricii (deep sea shark). | the bacterial isolates from centroscyllium fabricii (deep sea shark) gut were screened for antagonistic activity by cross-streak method and disc diffusion assay. this study focuses on strain btss-3, which showed antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria including salmonella typhimurium, proteus vulgaris, clostridium perfringens, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, bacillus circulans, bacillus macerans and bacillus pumilus. btss3 was subjected to phenotypic characterization using bio ... | 2015 | 25740801 |
| microbial growth under supercritical co2. | growth of microorganisms in environments containing co2 above its critical point is unexpected due to a combination of deleterious effects, including cytoplasmic acidification and membrane destabilization. thus, supercritical co2 (scco2) is generally regarded as a sterilizing agent. we report isolation of bacteria from three sites targeted for geologic carbon dioxide sequestration (gcs) that are capable of growth in pressurized bioreactors containing scco2. analysis of 16s rrna genes from scco2 ... | 2015 | 25681188 |
| identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in the 16s rrna gene of foodborne bacillus spp. | the main goal of this work was the identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in the 16s rrna gene of foodborne bacillus spp. that may be useful for typing purposes. these species include, among others, bacillus cereus, an important pathogenic species involved in food poisoning, and bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis and bacillus pumilus, which are causative agents of food spoilage described as responsible for foodborne disease outbreaks. with this purpose in mind, 52 bacill ... | 2015 | 25475292 |
| characterization of amylolysin, a novel lantibiotic from bacillus amyloliquefaciens ga1. | lantibiotics are heat-stable peptides characterized by the presence of thioether amino acid lanthionine and methyllanthionine. they are capable to inhibit the growth of gram-positive bacteria, including listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus or bacillus cereus, the causative agents of food-borne diseases or nosocomial infections. lantibiotic biosynthetic machinery is encoded by gene cluster composed by a structural gene that codes for a pre-lantibiotic peptide and other genes involved in ... | 2013 | 24349428 |
| use of silkworms to evaluate the pathogenicity of bacteria attached to cedar pollen. | injection of a japanese cedar pollen suspension into silkworm hemolymph kills the silkworms. a certain species of bacteria proliferated in the hemolymph of the dead silkworms. a 16s rdna analysis demonstrated that the proliferating bacteria were bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus weihenstephanensis, and bacillus amyloliquefaciens. among them, b. cereus, b. thuringiensis, and b. weihenstephanensis exhibited hemolysis against sheep red blood cells and were lethal to mice. a culture ... | 2013 | 24071577 |
| characterization of aerobic spore-forming bacteria associated with industrial dairy processing environments and product spoilage. | due to changes in the design of industrial food processing and increasing international trade, highly thermoresistant spore-forming bacteria are an emerging problem in food production. minimally processed foods and products with extended shelf life, such as milk products, are at special risk for contamination and subsequent product damages, but information about origin and food quality related properties of highly heat-resistant spore-formers is still limited. therefore, the aim of this study wa ... | 2013 | 23973839 |
| bacillus amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum strains as potential protective starter cultures for the production of bikalga, an alkaline fermented food. | to identify and screen dominant bacillus spp. strains isolated from bikalga, fermented seeds of hibiscus sabdariffa for their antimicrobial activities in brain heart infusion (bhi) medium and in a h. sabdariffa seed-based medium. further, to characterize the antimicrobial substances produced. | 2013 | 23565829 |
| characterisation and profiling of bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus and bacillus licheniformis by maldi-tof mass fingerprinting. | the bacillus genus includes species such as bacillus cereus, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis, some of which may be pathogenic or causative agents in the spoilage of food products. the main goal of this work was to apply matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight (maldi-tof) mass fingerprinting to the classification of these bacillus species. genetic analyses were also compared to phyloproteomic analyses. a collection of 57 bacillus strains isolated from fresh and pro ... | 2013 | 23200657 |
| chitin extraction from shrimp shell waste using bacillus bacteria. | the ability of six protease-producing bacillus species (bacillus pumilus a1, bacillus mojavencis a21, bacillus licheniformis rp1, bacillus cereus sv1, bacillus amyloliquefaciens an6 and bacillus subtilis a26) to ferment media containing only shrimp shell waste, for chitin extraction, was investigated. more than 80% deproteinization was attained by all the strains tested. however, demineralization rates not exceeding 67% were registered. cultures conducted in media containing shrimp shell waste s ... | 2012 | 22981824 |
| [analysis of microorganism species diversity in plant intercropping models in a wetland system constructed for treatment of municipal sewage]. | the selective culture method and pcr-dgge technology were applied to analyze the number and the biodiversity of microorganism species in cells with plant intercropping models and without plants in different seasons in a wetland system constructed for treatment of municipal sewage. the results showed that the numbers of microorganisms were considerably larger in the cells with plant intercropping models than those without plants, while the number of microorganisms was apparently larger in summer ... | 2011 | 22619969 |
| diversity of spore-forming bacteria and identification of bacillus amyloliquefaciens as a species frequently associated with the ropy spoilage of bread. | this study examines the diversity of spore-forming bacteria isolated from raw materials/bread using molecular methods along with a rapid and innovative technology, the ft-nir spectroscopy. microbiological analysis showed that 23% of semolina and 42% of other raw materials (including grain, brewer yeast, improvers) contained more than 100 spores/g and more than 50% of each kind of sample was contaminated at a level ranging from 1 to 100 spores/g. a high bacterial diversity characterized raw mater ... | 2012 | 22551674 |
| a four-gene operon in bacillus cereus produces two rare spore-decorating sugars. | bacterial glycan structures on cell surfaces are critical for cell-cell recognition and adhesion and in host-pathogen interactions. accordingly, unraveling the sugar composition of bacterial cell surfaces can shed light on bacterial growth and pathogenesis. here, we found that two rare sugars with a 3-c-methyl-6-deoxy-hexose structure were linked to spore glycan in bacillus cereus atcc 14579 and atcc 10876. moreover, we identified a four-gene operon in b. cereus atcc 14579 that encodes proteins ... | 2017 | 28298443 |
| molecular tiling on the surface of a bacterial spore - the exosporium of the bacillus anthracis/cereus/thuringiensis group. | bacteria of the genera bacillus and clostridium form highly resistant spores, which in the case of some pathogens act as the infectious agents. an exosporium forms the outermost layer of some spores; it plays roles in protection, adhesion, dissemination, host targeting in pathogens and germination control. the exosporium of the bacillus cereus group, including the anthrax pathogen, contains a 2d-crystalline basal layer, overlaid by a hairy nap. bcla and related proteins form the hairy nap, and r ... | 2017 | 28214340 |
| improving phylogeny reconstruction at the strain level using peptidome datasets. | typical bacterial strain differentiation methods are often challenged by high genetic similarity between strains. to address this problem, we introduce a novel in silico peptide fingerprinting method based on conventional wet-lab protocols that enables the identification of potential strain-specific peptides. these can be further investigated using in vitro approaches, laying a foundation for the development of biomarker detection and application-specific methods. this novel method aims at reduc ... | 2016 | 28033346 |
| xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in bacillus anthracis: molecular and functional analysis of a truncated arylamine n-acetyltransferase isozyme. | the arylamine n-acetyltransferases (nats) are xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes that play an important role in the detoxification and/or bioactivation of arylamine drugs and xenobiotics. in bacteria, nats may contribute to the resistance against antibiotics such as isoniazid or sulfamides through their acetylation, which makes this enzyme family a possible drug target. bacillus anthracis, a bacterial species of clinical significance, expresses three nat isozymes with distinct structural and enzyma ... | 2016 | 27846346 |
| temperature exerts control of bacillus cereus emetic toxin production on post-transcriptional levels. | in recent years, the emetic toxin cereulide, produced by bacillus cereus, has gained high relevance in food production and food safety. cereulide is synthesized non-ribosomal by the multi-enzyme complex ces-nrps, which is encoded on a megaplasmid that shares its backbone with the bacillus anthracis px01 toxin plasmid. due to its resistance against heat, proteolysis and extreme ph conditions, the formation of this highly potent depsipeptide toxin is of serious concern in food processing procedure ... | 2016 | 27826288 |
| genotypic heterogeneity of emetic toxin producing bacillus cereus isolates from china. | emetic toxin-producing bacillus cereus (emetic b. cereus) is the third member of b. cereus group whose toxins are encoded by megaplasmids, beside anthrax and insecticidal toxins of b. anthracis and b. thuringiensis, respectively. a total of 18 emetic isolates collected from food poisoning events, clinical and non-random food samples in zhejiang province of china, were analyzed by plasmid screening, pulse field gel electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing, and toxic gene identification to inve ... | 2017 | 27744366 |
| bacillus cereus biovar anthracis causing anthrax in sub-saharan africa-chromosomal monophyly and broad geographic distribution. | through full genome analyses of four atypical bacillus cereus isolates, designated b. cereus biovar anthracis, we describe a distinct clade within the b. cereus group that presents with anthrax-like disease, carrying virulence plasmids similar to those of classic bacillus anthracis. we have isolated members of this clade from different mammals (wild chimpanzees, gorillas, an elephant and goats) in west and central africa (côte d'ivoire, cameroon, central african republic and democratic republic ... | 2016 | 27607836 |
| identification and analysis of informative single nucleotide polymorphisms in 16s rrna gene sequences of the bacillus cereus group. | analysis of 16s rrna genes is important for phylogenetic classification of known and novel bacterial genera and species and for detection of uncultivable bacteria. pcr amplification of 16s rrna genes with universal primers produces a mixture of amplicons from all rrna operons in the genome, and the sequence data generally yield a consensus sequence. here we describe valuable data that are missing from consensus sequences, variable effects on sequence data generated from nonidentical 16s rrna amp ... | 2016 | 27582514 |
| the roles of atxa orthologs in virulence of anthrax-like bacillus cereus g9241. | atxa is a critical transcriptional regulator of plasmid-encoded virulence genes in bacillus anthracis. bacillus cereus g9241, which caused an anthrax-like infection, has two virulence plasmids, pbcxo1 and pbc210, that each harbor toxin genes and a capsule locus. g9241 also produces two orthologs of atxa: atxa1, encoded on pbcxo1, and atxa2, encoded on pbc210. the amino acid sequence of atxa1 is identical to that of atxa from b. anthracis, while the sequences of atxa1 and atxa2 are 79% identical ... | 2016 | 27490458 |
| bacillus cereus group-type strain-specific diagnostic peptides. | the bacillus cereus group consists of eight very closely related species and comprises both harmless and human pathogenic species such as bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus cytotoxicus. numerous efforts have been undertaken to allow presumptive differentiation of b. cereus group species from one another. however, methods to rapidly and accurately distinguish these species are currently lacking. we confirmed that classical matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight ... | 2016 | 27432653 |
| discovery of a unique extracellular polysaccharide in members of the pathogenic bacillus that can co-form with spores. | an exopolysaccharide, produced during the late stage of stationary growth phase, was discovered and purified from the culture medium of bacillus cereus, bacillus anthracis, and bacillus thuringiensis when strains were grown in a defined nutrient medium that induces biofilm. two-dimensional nmr structural characterization of the polysaccharide, named pzx, revealed that it is composed of an unusual three amino-sugar sequence repeat of [-3)xylnac4oac(α1-3)glcnaca4oac(α1-3)xylnac(α1-]n the sugar res ... | 2016 | 27402849 |
| spore germination. | despite being resistant to a variety of environmental insults, the bacterial endospore can sense the presence of small molecules and respond by germinating, losing the specialized structures of the dormant spore, and resuming active metabolism, before outgrowing into vegetative cells. our current level of understanding of the spore germination process in bacilli and clostridia is reviewed, with particular emphasis on the germinant receptors characterized in bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, an ... | 2015 | 27337279 |
| anthrax toxin-expressing bacillus cereus isolated from an anthrax-like eschar. | bacillus cereus isolates have been described harboring bacillus anthracis toxin genes, most notably b. cereus g9241, and capable of causing severe and fatal pneumonias. this report describes the characterization of a b. cereus isolate, bcfl2013, associated with a naturally occurring cutaneous lesion resembling an anthrax eschar. similar to g9241, bcfl2013 is positive for the b. anthracis pxo1 toxin genes, has a multi-locus sequence type of 78, and a paga sequence type of 9. whole genome sequenci ... | 2016 | 27257909 |
| maldi-tof ms portrait of emetic and non-emetic bacillus cereus group members. | the number of foodborne intoxications caused by emetic bacillus cereus isolates has increased significantly. as such, rapid and reliable methods to identify emetic strains appear to be clinically relevant. in this study, intact cell matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) was used to differentiate emetic and non-emetic bacilli. the phyloproteomic clustering of 34 b. cereus emetic and 88 non-emetic isolates classified as b. cereus, bacillus thur ... | 2016 | 27196540 |
| plantazolicin is an ultra-narrow spectrum antibiotic that targets the bacillus anthracis membrane. | plantazolicin (pzn) is a ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified natural product from bacillus methylotrophicus fzb42 and bacillus pumilus. extensive tailoring to twelve of the fourteen amino acid residues in the mature natural product endows pzn with not only a rigid, polyheterocyclic structure, but also antibacterial activity. here we report a remarkably discriminatory activity of pzn toward bacillus anthracis, which rivals a previously-described gamma (γ) phage lysis assay i ... | 2016 | 27152321 |
| cyclic diguanylate regulation of bacillus cereus group biofilm formation. | biofilm formation can be considered a bacterial virulence mechanism. in a range of gram-negatives, increased levels of the second messenger cyclic diguanylate (c-di-gmp) promotes biofilm formation and reduces motility. other bacterial processes known to be regulated by c-di-gmp include cell division, differentiation and virulence. among gram-positive bacteria, where the function of c-di-gmp signalling is less well characterized, c-di-gmp was reported to regulate swarming motility in bacillus sub ... | 2016 | 27116468 |
| identification and pathogenic potential of clinical bacillus and paenibacillus isolates. | the soil-related bacillus and paenibacillus species have increasingly been implicated in various human diseases. nevertheless, their identification still poses problems in the clinical microbiology laboratory and, with the exception of bacillus anthracis and bacillus cereus, little is known on their pathogenicity for humans. in this study, we evaluated the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) in the identification of clinical isolates ... | 2016 | 27031639 |
| the phylogeny of bacillus cereus sensu lato. | the three main species of the bacillus cereus sensu lato, b. cereus, b. thuringiensis, and b. anthracis, were recognized and established by the early 1900 s because they each exhibited distinct phenotypic traits. b. thuringiensis isolates and their parasporal crystal proteins have long been established as a natural pesticide and insect pathogen. b. anthracis, the etiological agent for anthrax, was used by robert koch in the 19th century as a model to develop the germ theory of disease, and b. ce ... | 2016 | 26999390 |
| extracellular synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles by sporosarcina koreensis dc4 and their biological applications. | the present study highlights the microbial synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles by sporosarcina koreensis dc4 strain, in an efficient way. the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, which displayed maximum absorbance at 424nm and 531nm for silver and gold nanoparticles, respectively. the spherical shape of nanoparticles was characterized by field emission transmission electron microscopy. the energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and elemental ... | 2016 | 26992796 |
| ebselen and analogs as inhibitors of bacillus anthracis thioredoxin reductase and bactericidal antibacterials targeting bacillus species, staphylococcus aureus and mycobacterium tuberculosis. | bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax, a disease associated with a very high mortality rate in its invasive forms. | 2016 | 26971857 |
| glycosylation of bcla glycoprotein from bacillus cereus and bacillus anthracis exosporium is domain-specific. | the spores of the bacillus cereus group (b. cereus, bacillus anthracis, and bacillus thuringiensis) are surrounded by a paracrystalline flexible yet resistant layer called exosporium that plays a major role in spore adhesion and virulence. the major constituent of its hairlike surface, the trimerized glycoprotein bcla, is attached to the basal layer through an n-terminal domain. it is then followed by a repetitive collagen-like neck bearing a globular head (c-terminal domain) that promotes glyco ... | 2016 | 26921321 |
| crystal structure of the bacillus-conserved mazg protein, a nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase. | ba1544 from bacillus anthracis was previously annotated as a transcription factor for the gene cluster ba1554 - ba1558, but has not been experimentally characterized. b. anthracis is an obligate pathogen causing fatal inhalational anthrax, and ba1544 is absolutely conserved in bacillus species, including bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus mycoides, with 100% sequence identity. to address the function of ba1544, we performed structural and biochemical studies, which revealed tha ... | 2016 | 26920050 |
| cytotoxic potential of bacillus cereus strains atcc 11778 and 14579 against human lung epithelial cells under microaerobic growth conditions. | bacillus cereus, a food poisoning bacterium closely related to bacillus anthracis, secretes a multitude of virulence factors including enterotoxins, hemolysins, and phospholipases. however, the majority of the in vitro experiments evaluating the cytotoxic potential of b. cereus were carried out in the conditions of aeration, and the impact of the oxygen limitation in conditions encountered by the microbe in natural environment such as gastrointestinal tract remains poorly understood. this resear ... | 2016 | 26870026 |
| the regulation of exosporium-related genes in bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are spore-forming members of the bacillus cereus group. spores of b. cereus group species are encircled by exosporium, which is composed of an external hair-like nap and a paracrystalline basal layer. despite the extensive studies on the structure of the exosporium-related proteins, little is known about the transcription and regulation of exosporium gene expression in the b. cereus group. herein, we studied the regulation of s ... | 2016 | 26805020 |
| a strategic approach for rapid synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles by panax ginseng leaves. | the study highlights the synthesis of gold nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles by fresh leaves of panax ginseng, an herbal medicinal plant. the reduction of auric chloride and silver nitrate led to the formation of gold and silver nanoparticles within 3 and 45 min, at 80°c, respectively. the developed methodology was rapid, facile, ecofriendly and the utmost significant is quite economical, which did not require subsequent processing for reduction or stabilization of nanoparticles. the nanopa ... | 2016 | 26698271 |
| real-time pcr identification of unique bacillus anthracis sequences. | bacillus anthracis is a spore-forming, gram-positive microorganism. it is a causative agent of anthrax, a highly infectious disease. it belongs to the "bacillus cereus group", which contains other closely related species, including bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides, bacillus weihenstephanensis, and bacillus pseudomycoides. b. anthracis naturally occurs in soil environments. the ba5345 genetic marker was used for highly specific detection of b. anthracis with taqman probe ... | 2015 | 26667574 |
| characterization and antimicrobial application of biosynthesized gold and silver nanoparticles by using microbacterium resistens. | various microorganisms were found to be cable of synthesizing gold and silver nanoparticles when gold and silver salts were supplied in the reaction system. the main objective of this study was to evaluate the extracellular synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles by the type strain microbacterium resistens(t) [kacc14505]. the biosynthesized gold and silver nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (uv-vis), field emission transmission electron micrograph (fe-tem), e ... | 2016 | 26597594 |
| massive horizontal gene transfer, strictly vertical inheritance and ancient duplications differentially shape the evolution of bacillus cereus enterotoxin operons hbl, cytk and nhe. | bacillus cereus sensu lato comprises eight closely related species including the human pathogens bacillus anthracis and bacillus cereus. within b. cereus sensu lato, chromosomally and plasmid-encoded toxins exist. while plasmid-mediated horizontal gene transfer of the emetic toxin, anthrax and insecticidal toxins is known, evolution of enterotoxin genes within the group has not been studied. | 2015 | 26555390 |
| the bacillus anthracis exosporium: what's the big "hairy" deal? | in some bacillus species, including bacillus subtilis, the coat is the outermost layer of the spore. in others, such as the bacillus cereus family, there is an additional layer that envelops the coat, called the exosporium. in the case of bacillus anthracis, a series of fine hair-like projections, also referred to as a "hairy" nap, extends from the exosporium basal layer. the exact role of the exosporium in b. anthracis, or for any of the bacillus species possessing this structure, remains uncle ... | 2015 | 26542035 |
| evaluation of tools for environmental sampling of bacillus anthracis spores. | this study describes the validation of sampling techniques used to detect biological warfare agents used in terror attacks. for this purpose, we tested the efficiencies of different sampling media and extraction solutions for the recovery of bacterial pathogens. we first used bacillus cereus atcc 4342 spores as a surrogate for highly pathogenic b. anthracis to compare recovery efficiencies of spores from four different surfaces. we used three different types of sampling swabs and four different ... | 2015 | 26528669 |
| the exosporium layer of bacterial spores: a connection to the environment and the infected host. | much of what we know regarding bacterial spore structure and function has been learned from studies of the genetically well-characterized bacterium bacillus subtilis. molecular aspects of spore structure, assembly, and function are well defined. however, certain bacteria produce spores with an outer spore layer, the exosporium, which is not present on b. subtilis spores. our understanding of the composition and biological functions of the exosporium layer is much more limited than that of other ... | 2015 | 26512126 |
| a cluster of cns infections due to b. cereus in the setting of acute myeloid leukemia: neuropathology in 5 patients. | bacillus cereus typically causes a self-limited foodborne gastrointestinal (gi) illness. severe invasive infection occurs rarely, mainly among immunocompromised hosts. we describe a cluster of b. cereus infections among 5 patients with acute myeloid leukemia and chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. the initial case presented with occipital lobe abscess and was found on biopsy to have organisms consistent with bacillus species. within 1 week, a second patient died of fulminant brain swelling and hem ... | 2015 | 26352989 |
| reagent-free and portable detection of bacillus anthracis spores using a microfluidic incubator and smartphone microscope. | bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax and can be contracted by humans and herbivorous mammals by inhalation, ingestion, or cutaneous exposure to bacterial spores. due to its stability and disease potential, b. anthracis is a recognized biothreat agent and robust detection and viability methods are needed to identify spores from unknown samples. here we report the use of smartphone-based microscopy (spm) in combination with a simple microfluidic incubation device (mid) to detect 50 ... | 2015 | 26266749 |
| weissella oryzae dc6-facilitated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial potential. | nanoparticles and nanomaterials are at the prominent edge of the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology. recently, nanoparticle synthesis using biological resources has been found to be a new area with considerable prospects for development. biological systems are the masters of ambient condition chemistry and are able to synthesize nanoparticles by utilizing metal salts. in the perspective of the current initiative to develop green technologies for the synthesis of nanoparticles, microorgan ... | 2016 | 26212222 |
| identification and characterization of a novel geobacillus thermoglucosidasius bacteriophage, gve3. | the study of extremophilic phages may reveal new phage families as well as different mechanisms of infection, propagation and lysis to those found in phages from temperate environments. we describe a novel siphovirus, gve3, which infects the thermophile geobacillus thermoglucosidasius. the genome size is 141,298 bp (g+c 29.6%), making it the largest geobacillus spp-infecting phage known. gve3 appears to be most closely related to the recently described bacillus anthracis phage vb_bans_tsamsa, ra ... | 2015 | 26123922 |
| virulence plasmids of spore-forming bacteria. | plasmid-encoded virulence factors are important in the pathogenesis of diseases caused by spore-forming bacteria. unlike many other bacteria, the most common virulence factors encoded by plasmids in clostridium and bacillus species are protein toxins. clostridium perfringens causes several histotoxic and enterotoxin diseases in both humans and animals and produces a broad range of toxins, including many pore-forming toxins such as c. perfringens enterotoxin, epsilon-toxin, beta-toxin, and netb. ... | 2014 | 26104459 |
| the worldwide distribution of genetically and phylogenetically diverse bacillus cereus isolates harbouring bacillus anthracis-like plasmids. | bacillus cereus is a close relative of b. anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax whose pathogenic determinants are located on pxo1 and pxo2 plasmids. bacillus anthracis-like plasmids have been also noted among b. cereus, however, genetic features of b. cereus harbouring these elements remain largely undescribed, especially from the global perspective. herein, we present the genetic polymorphism, population structure and phylogeny of b. cereus with pxo1-/pxo2-like plasmids originating from arg ... | 2015 | 26033739 |
| protein composition of the outermost exosporium-like layer of clostridium difficile 630 spores. | clostridium difficile spores are considered the morphotype of infection, transmission and persistence of c. difficile infections. there is a lack of information on the composition of the outermost exosporium layer of c. difficile spores. using recently developed exosporium removal methods combined with ms/ms, we have established a gel-free approach to analyze the proteome of the exosporium of c. difficile spores of strain 630. a total of 184 proteins were found in the exosporium layer of c. diff ... | 2015 | 25849250 |
| biosynthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial applications of silver nanoparticles. | in the present study, the strain brevibacterium frigoritolerans dc2 was explored for the efficient and extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles. these biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, which detected the formation of silver nanoparticles in the reaction mixture and showed a maximum absorbance at 420 nm. in addition, field emission transmission electron microscopy revealed the spherical shape of the nanoparticles. the dynamic l ... | 2015 | 25848272 |
| capsules, toxins and atxa as virulence factors of emerging bacillus cereus biovar anthracis. | emerging b. cereus strains that cause anthrax-like disease have been isolated in cameroon (ca strain) and côte d'ivoire (ci strain). these strains are unusual, because their genomic characterisation shows that they belong to the b. cereus species, although they harbour two plasmids, pbcxo1 and pbcxo2, that are highly similar to the pxo1 and pxo2 plasmids of b. anthracis that encode the toxins and the polyglutamate capsule respectively. the virulence factors implicated in the pathogenicity of the ... | 2015 | 25830379 |
| gcogsa-ba: a global core genome snp analysis for bacillus anthracis. | as an issue of biosecurity, it is important to identify the origin of a suspected sample to distinguish whether it originated from the release of a bioterrorism agent or from environmental contamination with a virulent agent. here we have developed an analytical pipeline that can infer the phylogenetic position of bacillus cereus group species, including b. anthracis, from next-generation sequencing reads without extensive genomics skills. gcogsa-ba can also detect the existence of anthrax plasm ... | 2016 | 25812430 |
| bacillus cereus from the environment is genetically related to the highly pathogenic b. cereus in zambia. | to follow-up anthrax in zambia since the outbreak in 2011, we have collected samples from the environment and the carcasses of anthrax-suspected animals, and have tried to isolate bacillus anthracis. in the process of identification of b. anthracis, we collected two isolates, of which colonies were similar to b. anthracis; however, from the results of identification using the molecular-based methods, two isolates were genetically related to the highly pathogenic b. cereus, of which clinical mani ... | 2015 | 25797134 |
| the development of a green approach for the biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles by using panax ginseng root extract, and their biological applications. | the biosynthesis of nanoparticles has received attention because of the development of economic and environmentally friendly technology for the synthesis of nanoparticles. the study develops a convenient method for the green synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles by utilizing fresh root extract of the four-year old panax ginseng plant, and evaluated the antimicrobial applications of silver nanoparticles against pathogenic microorganisms. p. ginseng is a well-known herbal medicinal plant, and ... | 2016 | 25771716 |
| the effect of polyphenols isolated from cynanchi wilfordii radix with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-bacterial activity. | recently, cynanchi wilfordii radix has gained wide use in asian countries as a functional food effective for relieving fatigue, osteoporosis, and constipation, particularly in menopausal disorders. however, its anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities have not been explored in detail to date. the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-bacterial properties of the cynanchi wilfordii radix extracts obtained with water, methanol, ethanol, and acetone were compared. all 4 polyphenol-containi ... | 2015 | 25729277 |
| safety, efficacy and utility of methods of transferring adhesive and cohesive escherichia coli cells to microplates to avoid aerosols. | the virtual colony count (vcc) microbiological assay has been utilized for over a decade to measure the antimicrobial activity of peptides such as defensins and ll-37 against biosafety level (bsl)-1 and bsl-2 bacteria including escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, and enterobacter aerogenes. in addition, a modified pipetting technique was presented in a 2011 study of defensin activity against the bsl-3 pathogen bacillus anthracis. both studies were published in the journal ... | 2014 | 25671086 |
| impacts of sporulation temperature, exposure to compost matrix and temperature on survival of bacillus cereus spores during livestock mortality composting. | to investigate impact of sporulation and compost temperatures on feasibility of composting for disposal of carcasses contaminated with bacillus anthracis. | 2015 | 25580774 |
| cytochrome c551 and the cytochrome c maturation pathway affect virulence gene expression in bacillus cereus atcc 14579. | loss of the cytochrome c maturation system in bacillus cereus results in increased transcription of the major enterotoxin genes nhe, hbl, and cytk and the virulence regulator plcr. increased virulence factor production occurs at 37°c under aerobic conditions, similar to previous findings in bacillus anthracis. unlike b. anthracis, much of the increased virulence gene expression can be attributed to loss of only c551, one of the two small c-type cytochromes. additional virulence factor expression ... | 2015 | 25422307 |
| potentiality of eisenia fetida to degrade disposable paper cups-an ecofriendly solution to solid waste pollution. | the aim of the present study was to subject the post-consumer waste, namely paper cups for vermicomposting along with cow dung in three different ratios for a period of 90-140 days employing eisenia fetida. the post-consumer wastes are a menace in many developing countries including india. this waste was provided as feed for earthworms and was converted to vermicompost. vermicompost prepared with paper cup waste was analyzed for their physicochemical properties. based on the physicochemical prop ... | 2015 | 25220767 |
| protein- and dna-based anthrax toxin vaccines confer protection in guinea pigs against inhalational challenge with bacillus cereus g9241. | in the past decade, several bacillus cereus strains have been isolated from otherwise healthy individuals who succumbed to bacterial pneumonia presenting symptoms resembling inhalational anthrax. one strain was indistinguishable from b. cereus g9241, previously cultured from an individual who survived a similar pneumonia-like illness and which was shown to possess a complete set of plasmid-borne anthrax toxin-encoding homologs. the finding that b. cereus g9241 pathogenesis in mice is dependent o ... | 2014 | 25044336 |
| decontamination of a bsl3 laboratory by hydrogen peroxide fumigation using three different surrogates for bacillus anthracis spores. | two independent trials investigated the decontamination of a bsl3 laboratory using vaporous hydrogen peroxide and compared the effect on spores of bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis and bacillus thuringiensis as surrogates for bacillus anthracis spores, while spores of geobacillus stearothermophilus served as control. | 2014 | 25040253 |
| bacillus anthracis-like bacteria and other b. cereus group members in a microbial community within the international space station: a challenge for rapid and easy molecular detection of virulent b. anthracis. | for some microbial species, such as bacillus anthracis, the etiologic agent of the disease anthrax, correct detection and identification by molecular methods can be problematic. the detection of virulent b. anthracis is challenging due to multiple virulence markers that need to be present in order for b. anthracis to be virulent and its close relationship to bacillus cereus and other members of the b. cereus group. this is especially the case in environments where build-up of bacillus spores can ... | 2014 | 24945323 |
| complete genome sequence of bacillus cereus sensu lato bacteriophage bcp1. | bacillus cereus sensu lato organisms are an ecologically diverse group that includes etiologic agents of food poisoning, periodontal disease, and anthrax. the recently identified bcp1 bacteriophage infects b. cereus sensu lato and is being developed as a therapeutic decontamination agent and diagnostic countermeasure. we announce the complete genome sequence of bcp1. | 2014 | 24926042 |
| the genetic diversity of cereulide biosynthesis gene cluster indicates a composite transposon tnces in emetic bacillus weihenstephanensis. | cereulide is a cyclic dodecadepsipeptide ionophore, produced via non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (nrps), which in rare cases can lead to human death. early studies had shown that emetic toxin formation belongs to a homogeneous group of bacillus cereus sensu stricto and the genetic determinants of cereulide (a 24-kb gene cluster of ceshptabcd) are located on a 270-kb plasmid related to the bacillus anthracis virulence plasmid pxo1. | 2014 | 24906385 |
| draft genome sequence of bacillus cereus strain bcfl2013, a clinical isolate similar to g9241. | bacillus cereus strains, such as g9241, causing anthrax-like illnesses have recently been discovered. we report the genome sequence of a clinical strain, b. cereus bcfl2013, which is similar to g9241, recovered from a patient in florida. | 2014 | 24874674 |
| bacillus subtilis systems biology: applications of -omics techniques to the study of endospore formation. | endospore-forming bacteria, with bacillus subtilis being the prevalent model organism, belong to the phylum firmicutes. although the last common ancestor of all firmicutes is likely to have been an endospore-forming species, not every lineage in the phylum has maintained the ability to produce endospores (hereafter, spores). in 1997, the release of the full genome sequence for b. subtilis strain 168 marked the beginning of the genomic era for the study of spore formation (sporulation). in this o ... | 2014 | 26105826 |
| bacillus cereus certhrax adp-ribosylates vinculin to disrupt focal adhesion complexes and cell adhesion. | bacillus cereus is often associated with mild to moderate gastroenteritis; however, some recent isolates cause inhalational anthrax-like diseases and death. these potential emerging human pathogens express multiple virulence factors. b. cereus strain g9241 expresses anthrax toxin, several polysaccharide capsules, and the novel adp-ribosyltransferase, certhrax. in this study, we show that certhrax adp-ribosylates arg-433 of vinculin, a protein that coordinates actin cytoskeleton and extracellular ... | 2014 | 24573681 |
| rapid homogenous time-resolved fluorescence (htrf) immunoassay for anthrax detection. | infection with bacillus anthracsis spores induces an acute anthrax disease that can cause casualties and death in untreated cases. thus rapid diagnosis of anthrax at early stage of the disease is essential to allow an effective treatment. here we present the development of rapid and sensitive homogenous time-resolved fluorescence (htrf) immunoassays based on the energy transfer process of europium cryptate (euk) donor to alexafluor647 acceptor. the energy transfer process is limited to d < 10 nm ... | 2014 | 24515915 |
| inactivation and ultrastructure analysis of bacillus spp. and clostridium perfringens spores. | bacterial endospores are resistant to many environmental factors from temperature extremes to ultraviolet irradiation and are generally more difficult to inactivate or kill than vegetative bacterial cells. it is often considered necessary to treat spores or samples containing spores with chemical fixative solutions for prolonged periods of time (e.g., 1-21 days) to achieve fixation/inactivation to enable electron microscopy (em) examination outside of containment laboratories. prolonged exposure ... | 2014 | 24503289 |
| novel giant siphovirus from bacillus anthracis features unusual genome characteristics. | here we present vb_bans-tsamsa, a novel temperate phage isolated from bacillus anthracis, the agent responsible for anthrax infections in wildlife, livestock and humans. tsamsa phage is a giant siphovirus (order caudovirales), featuring a long, flexible and non-contractile tail of 440 nm (not including baseplate structure) and an isometric head of 82 nm in diameter. we induced tsamsa phage in samples from two different carcass sites in etosha national park, namibia. the tsamsa phage genome is th ... | 2014 | 24475065 |
| the regulated synthesis of a bacillus anthracis spore coat protein that affects spore surface properties. | examine the regulation of a spore coat protein and the effects on spore properties. | 2014 | 24460572 |
| exoproteome analysis of a novel strain of bacillus cereus implicated in disease resembling cutaneous anthrax. | bacillus cereus belongs to b. cereus sensu lato group, shared by six other related species including bacillus anthracis. b. anthracis is the causative agent for serious illness affecting a wide range of animals as well as humans and is a category a biological and toxin warfare (btw) agent. recent studies indicate that a bacillus species other than b. anthracis can cause anthrax-like disease and role of anthrax virulence plasmids (pxo1 and pxo2) on the pathogenicity of b. cereus has been document ... | 2014 | 24412723 |
| identification and validation of specific markers of bacillus anthracis spores by proteomics and genomics approaches. | bacillus anthracis is the causative bacteria of anthrax, an acute and often fatal disease in humans. the infectious agent, the spore, represents a real bioterrorism threat and its specific identification is crucial. however, because of the high genomic relatedness within the bacillus cereus group, it is still a real challenge to identify b. anthracis spores confidently. mass spectrometry-based tools represent a powerful approach to the efficient discovery and identification of such protein marke ... | 2014 | 24379445 |
| the designer proline-rich antibacterial peptide a3-apo prevents bacillus anthracis mortality by deactivating bacterial toxins. | proline-rich antibacterial peptides protect experimental animals from bacterial challenge even if they are unable to kill the microorganisms in vitro. their major in vivo modes of action are inhibition of bacterial protein folding and immunostimulation. here we investigated whether the proline-rich antibacterial peptide dimer a3-apo was able to inhibit bacillus cereus enterotoxin production in vitro and restrict the proliferation of lethal toxin-induced bacillus anthracis replication in mouse ma ... | 2014 | 24164262 |
| bacillus cereus sensu lato genomes: basis for identifying anthrax disease strain sources. | | 2013 | 24092785 |
| whole-genome sequences of 94 environmental isolates of bacillus cereus sensu lato. | bacillus cereus sensu lato is a species complex that includes the anthrax pathogen bacillus anthracis and other bacterial species of medical, industrial, and ecological importance. their phenotypes of interest are typically linked to large plasmids that are closely related to the anthrax plasmids pxo1 and pxo2. here, we present the draft genome sequences of 94 isolates of b. cereus sensu lato, which were chosen for their plasmid content and environmental origins. | 2013 | 24092776 |
| bacillus anthracis diagnostic detection and rapid antibiotic susceptibility determination using 'bioluminescent' reporter phage. | genetically modified phages have the potential to detect pathogenic bacteria from clinical, environmental, or food-related sources. herein we assess an engineered 'bioluminescent' reporter phage (wß::luxab) as a clinical diagnostic tool for bacillus anthracis, the etiological agent of anthrax. wß::luxab is able to rapidly (within minutes) detect a panel of b. anthracis strains by transducing a bioluminescent phenotype. the reporter phage displays species specificity by its inability, or signific ... | 2013 | 23994352 |
| differentiation of strains from the bacillus cereus group by rflp-pfge genomic fingerprinting. | bacillus mycoides, bacillus pseudomycoides, bacillus weihenstephanensis, bacillus anthracis, bacillus thuringiensis, and bacillus cereus belong to the b. cereus group. the last three species are characterized by different phenotype features and pathogenicity spectrum, but it has been shown that these species are genetically closely related. the macrorestriction analysis of the genomic dna with the noti enzyme was used to generate polymorphism of restriction profiles for 39 food-borne isolates (b ... | 2013 | 23893780 |
| characterization of amiba2446, a novel bacteriolytic enzyme active against bacillus species. | there continues to be a need for developing efficient and environmentally friendly treatments for bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax. one emerging approach for inactivation of vegetative b. anthracis is the use of bacteriophage endolysins or lytic enzymes encoded by bacterial genomes (autolysins) with highly evolved specificity toward bacterium-specific peptidoglycan cell walls. in this work, we performed in silico analysis of the genome of bacillus anthracis strain ames, using a ... | 2013 | 23872558 |
| razor ex anthrax air detection system for detection of bacillus anthracis spores from aerosol collection samples: collaborative study. | the razor ex anthrax air detection system was validated in a collaborative study for the detection of bacillus anthracis in aerosol collection buffer. phosphate-buffered saline was charged with 1 mg/ml standardized dust to simulate an authentic aerosol collection sample. the dust-charged buffer was spiked with either b. anthracis ames at 2000 spores/ml or bacillus cereus at 20 000 spores/ml. twelve collaborators participated in the study, with four collaborators at each of three sites. each coll ... | 2013 | 23767365 |
| cross-functionalities of bacillus deacetylases involved in bacillithiol biosynthesis and bacillithiol-s-conjugate detoxification pathways. | bshb, a key enzyme in bacillithiol biosynthesis, hydrolyses the acetyl group from n-acetylglucosamine malate to generate glucosamine malate. in bacillus anthracis, ba1557 has been identified as the n-acetylglucosamine malate deacetylase (bshb); however, a high content of bacillithiol (~70%) was still observed in the b. anthracis ∆ba1557 strain. genomic analysis led to the proposal that another deacetylase could exhibit cross-functionality in bacillithiol biosynthesis. in the present study, ba155 ... | 2013 | 23758290 |
| differentiation of bacillus anthracis, b. cereus, and b. thuringiensis on the basis of the csab gene reflects host source. | csab gene analysis clustered 198 strains of bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis into two groups related to mammalian and insect hosts, respectively. mammal-related group i strains also have more s-layer homology (slh) protein genes than group ii strains. this indicates that csab-based differentiation reflects selective pressure from animal hosts. | 2013 | 23563945 |
| bacillus weihenstephanensis characteristics are present in bacillus cereus and bacillus mycoides strains. | the bacillus cereus group comprises seven bacterial species: bacillus cereus, bacillus anthracis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides, bacillus pseudomycoides, bacillus cytotoxicus, and bacillus weihenstephanensis. bacillus weihenstephanensis is distinguished based on its capability to grow at 7 °c but not at 43 °c, and the presence of specific signature sequences in the 16s rrna and cspa genes and in several housekeeping genes: glpf, gmk, purh, and tpi. bacillus weihenstephanensis-specifi ... | 2013 | 23413955 |
| vaccine protection against bacillus cereus-mediated respiratory anthrax-like disease in mice. | bacillus cereus strains harboring a pxo1-like virulence plasmid cause respiratory anthrax-like disease in humans, particularly in welders. we developed mouse models for intraperitoneal as well as aerosol challenge with spores of b. cereus g9241, harboring pbcxo1 and pbc218 virulence plasmids. compared to wild-type b. cereus g9241, spores with a deletion of the pbcxo1-carried protective antigen gene (paga1) were severely attenuated, whereas spores with a deletion of the pbc218-carried protective ... | 2013 | 23319564 |
| study of charge distribution on the surface of biocolloids. | potentiometric titration and zeta potential measurements are crucial techniques for the characterization of the surface properties of bacterial cells. in this study, we investigated the effects of two commonly used electrolytes, nano(3) and naclo(4), on the viability and acid-base properties of gram-positive bacteria bacillus subtilis. b. subtilis are non-pathogenic bacteria which are often used to model the surface properties of pathogenic microorganisms of the same genus, including bacillus an ... | 2013 | 23298596 |
| bacillus cereus g9241 s-layer assembly contributes to the pathogenesis of anthrax-like disease in mice. | bacillus cereus g9241, the causative agent of anthrax-like disease, harbors virulence plasmids encoding anthrax toxins as well as hyaluronic acid (ha) and b. cereus exopolysaccharide (bps) capsules. b. cereus g9241 also harbors s-layer genes, including homologs of bacillus anthracis surface array protein (sap), extractable antigen 1 (ea1), and the s-layer-associated proteins (bsls). in b. anthracis, s-layer proteins and bsls attach via their s-layer homology domains (slh) to the secondary cell w ... | 2013 | 23204457 |
| role of mechanical vs. chemical action in the removal of adherent bacillus spores during cip procedures. | this study was designed to evaluate the respective roles of mechanical and chemical effects on the removal of bacillus spores during cleaning-in-place. this analysis was performed on 12 strains belonging to the bacillus cereus group (b. cereus, bacillus anthracis, bacillus thuringiensis) or to less related bacillus species (bacillus pumilus, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus sporothermodurans, bacillus subtilis). adherent spores were subjected to rinsing-in-place (mechanical action) and cleaning- ... | 2013 | 23200646 |
| perhydrolase-nanotube paint composites with sporicidal and antiviral activity. | act (perhydrolase) containing paint composites were prepared leading to broad-spectrum decontamination. act was immobilized onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes (mwnts) and then incorporated into latex-based paints to form catalytic coatings. these act-based paint composites showed a 6-log reduction in the viability of spores of bacillus cereus and bacillus anthracis (sterne) within 60 min. the paint composites also showed >4-log reduction in the titer of influenza virus (x-31) within 10 min (init ... | 2013 | 23188457 |
| immunization of mice with formalin-inactivated spores from avirulent bacillus cereus strains provides significant protection from challenge with bacillus anthracis ames. | bacillus anthracis spores are the infectious form of the organism for humans and animals. however, the approved human vaccine in the united states is derived from a vegetative culture filtrate of a toxigenic, nonencapsulated b. anthracis strain that primarily contains protective antigen (pa). immunization of mice with purified spore proteins and formalin-inactivated spores (fis) from a nonencapsulated, nontoxigenic b. anthracis strain confers protection against b. anthracis challenge when pa is ... | 2013 | 23114705 |
| multilocus sequence analysis of bacillus thuringiensis serovars navarrensis, bolivia and vazensis and bacillus weihenstephanensis reveals a common phylogeny. | the bacillus cereus group sensu lato includes six closely-related bacterial species: bacillus cereus, bacillus anthracis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides, bacillus pseudomycoides and bacillus weihenstephanensis. b. thuringiensis is distinguished from the other species mainly by the appearance of an inclusion body upon sporulation. b. weihenstephanensis is distinguished based on its psychrotolerance and the presence of specific signature sequences in the 16s rrna gene and cspa genes. a ... | 2013 | 23073664 |
| synthesis of bacillithiol and the catalytic selectivity of fosb-type fosfomycin resistance proteins. | bacillithiol (bsh) has been prepared on the gram scale from the inexpensive starting material, d-glucosamine hydrochloride, in 11 steps and 8-9% overall yield. the bsh was used to survey the substrate and metal-ion selectivity of fosb enzymes from four gram-positive microorganisms associated with the deactivation of the antibiotic fosfomycin. the in vitro results indicate that the preferred thiol substrate and metal ion for the fosb from staphylococcus aureus are bsh and ni(ii), respectively. ho ... | 2012 | 23030527 |
| certhrax toxin, an anthrax-related adp-ribosyltransferase from bacillus cereus. | we identified certhrax, the first anthrax-like mart toxin from the pathogenic g9241 strain of bacillus cereus. certhrax shares 31% sequence identity with anthrax lethal factor from bacillus anthracis; however, we have shown that the toxicity of certhrax resides in the mart domain, whereas anthrax uses a metalloprotease mechanism. like anthrax lethal factor, certhrax was found to require protective antigen for host cell entry. this two-domain enzyme was shown to be 60-fold more toxic to mammalian ... | 2012 | 22992735 |
| host cell cytotoxicity and cytoskeleton disruption by ceradpr, an adp-ribosyltransferase of bacillus cereus g9241. | bacillus cereus g9241 was isolated from a welder suffering from an anthrax-like inhalation illness. b. cereus g9241 encodes two megaplasmids, pbcxo1 and pbc210, which are analogous to the toxin- and capsule-encoding virulence plasmids of bacillus anthracis. protein modeling predicted that the pbc210 lf homologue contained an adp-ribosyltransferase (adpr) domain. this putative bacterial adp-ribosyltransferase domain was denoted ceradpr. iterative modeling showed that ceradpr possessed several con ... | 2013 | 22934824 |
| light-activated porphyrin-based formulations to inactivate bacterial spores. | the objective of this study was to develop porphyrin-based formulations to inactivate bacillus spores. we probed the effect of porphyrins alone and in combination with germinants against both bacillus cereus and bacillus anthracis spores in the presence of light. | 2012 | 22925067 |
| combined bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis infection in a patient with oesophageal perforation. | species of the genus bacillus are a common laboratory contaminant, therefore, isolation of these organisms from blood cultures does not always indicate infection. in fact, except for bacillus anthracis and bacillus cereus, most species of the genus bacillus are not considered human pathogens, especially in immunocompetent individuals. here, we report an unusual presentation of bacteraemia and mediastinitis due to co-infection with bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis, which were identifi ... | 2012 | 22918867 |
| filament formation of the ftsz/tubulin-like protein tubz from the bacillus cereus pxo1 plasmid. | stable maintenance of low-copy-number plasmids requires partition (par) systems that consist of a nucleotide hydrolase, a dna-binding protein, and a cis-acting dna-binding site. the ftsz/tubulin-like gtpase tubz was identified as a partitioning factor of the virulence plasmids pbtoxis and pxo1 in bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus anthracis, respectively. tubz exhibits high gtpase activity and assembles into polymers both in vivo and in vitro, and its "treadmilling" movement is required for pla ... | 2012 | 22847006 |
| razor ex anthrax air detection system. | the razor ex anthrax air detection system, developed by idaho technology, inc. (iti), is a qualitative method for the detection of bacillus anthracis spores collected by air collection devices. this system comprises a dna extraction kit, a freeze-dried pcr reagent pouch, and the razor ex real-time pcr instrument. each pouch contains three assays, which distinguish potentially virulent b. anthracis from avirulent b. anthracis and other bacillus species. these assays target the pxo1 and pxo2 plasm ... | 2012 | 22816278 |
| an amoeba phagocytosis model reveals a novel developmental switch in the insect pathogen bacillus thuringiensis. | the bacillus cereus group bacteria contain pathogens of economic and medical importance. from security and health perspectives, the lethal mammalian pathogen bacillus anthracis remains a serious threat. in addition the potent insect pathogen bacillus thuringiensis is extensively used as a biological control agent for insect pests. this relies upon the industrial scale induction of bacterial spore formation with the associated production of orally toxic cry-toxins. understanding the ecology and p ... | 2013 | 22750551 |