| genetic evolution of the spanish multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica 4,5,12:i:- monophasic variant. | we analyzed a collection of 60 salmonella enterica 4,5,12:i:- phage type u302 multidrug-resistant monophasic variant strains, isolated in spain between 2000 and 2007. most strains showed resistance to ampicillin (a), chloramphenicol (c), sulfamethoxazole (su), gentamicin (g), streptomycin (s), tetracycline (t), and co-trimoxazole (sxt) (an acsugstsxt resistance pattern). only one pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) type was detected, with 19 subtypes (simpson's index of diversity [sid]=0.89) ... | 2010 | 20943866 |
| first report of salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a azithromycin resistance leading to treatment failure. | the prevalence of salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a infection is increasing, and multidrug resistance is a well-recognized problem. resistance to fluoroquinolones is common and leads to more frequent use of newer agents like azithromycin. we report the first case of azithromycin resistance and treatment failure in a patient with s. paratyphi a infection. | 2010 | 20943875 |
| chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the essential oils of etlingera elatior and cinnamomum pubescens kochummen. | plant essential oils are widely used as fragrances and flavours. therefore, the essential oils from the leaves of cinnamomum pubescens kochummen (cp) and the whole plant of etlingera elatior (ee) were investigated for their antioxidant, antibacterial and phytochemical properties. | 2010 | 20945508 |
| krüppel-like factor 4, a novel transcription factor regulates microglial activation and subsequent neuroinflammation. | activation of microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (cns), is the hallmark of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases and other pathological conditions associated with cns infection. the activation of microglia is often associated with bystander neuronal death. nuclear factor-κb (nf-κb) is one of the important transcription factors known to be associated with microglial activation which upregulates the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos), cycl ... | 2010 | 20946687 |
| purification of mbp-envz fusion proteins using an automated system. | bacteria use two-component signal transduction systems to detect and respond to environmental changes. these systems have been studied systematically in escherichia coli as a model organism. most of the signal transduction systems present in e. coli are conserved in related pathogenic bacteria; however, differences in regulation by these systems have been reported from one bacterial species to another [oropeza, r., and calva, e. (2009). the cysteine 354 and 277 residues of salmonella enterica se ... | 2010 | 20946843 |
| salmonella pathogenesis and processing of secreted effectors by caspase-3. | the enteric pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium causes food poisoning resulting in gastroenteritis. the s. typhimurium effector salmonella invasion protein a (sipa) promotes gastroenteritis by functional motifs that trigger either mechanisms of inflammation or bacterial entry. during infection of intestinal epithelial cells, sipa was found to be responsible for the early activation of caspase-3, an enzyme that is required for sipa cleavage at a specific recognition motif that divide ... | 2010 | 20947770 |
| outer membrane protein a of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium activates dendritic cells and enhances th1 polarization. | typhoid, which is caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, remains a major health concern worldwide. multidrug-resistant strains of salmonella have emerged which exhibit increased survivability and virulence, thus leading to increased morbidity. however, little is known about the protective immune response against this microorganism. the outer membrane protein (omp)a of bacteria plays an important role in pathogenesis. | 2010 | 20950448 |
| the evolution and distribution of phage st160 within salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium. | summarysalmonellosis is an internationally important disease of mammals and birds. unique epidemics in new zealand in the recent past include two salmonella serovars: salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium definitive type (dt) 160 (s. typhimurium dt160) and s. brandenburg. although not a major threat internationally, in new zealand s. typhimurium dt160 has been the most common serovar isolated from humans, and continues to cause significant losses in wildlife. we have identified ... | 2010 | 20950514 |
| salmonella enterica serovar agona european outbreak associated with a food company. | summarywe investigated an international outbreak of salmonella agona with a distinct pfge pattern associated with an irish food company (company x) producing pre-cooked meat products sold in various food outlet chains in europe. the outbreak was first detected in ireland. we undertook national and international case-finding, food traceback and microbiological investigation of human, food and environmental samples. we undertook a matched case-control study on irish cases. in total, 163 cases in s ... | 2010 | 20950515 |
| validation of dna and rna real-time assays for food analysis using the hila gene of salmonella enterica serovars. | in europe, alternative methods for the detection of food-borne pathogens can be used instead of the standard iso/cen reference protocol, if validated according to the protocol outlined in iso 16140, 2003. in this study, the performance of two novel methods for the detection of salmonella sp. using real-time pcr technology in tandem with an adapted two-step enrichment protocol were assessed and validated against a reference culture method, iso 6579, 2004. the dna and rna real-time pcr assays ampl ... | 2010 | 20951170 |
| rapid multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeats analysis of shigella spp. using multicolour capillary electrophoresis. | the multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeats analysis (mlva) method for genotyping has proven to be a fast and reliable typing tool in several bacterial species. mlva is in our laboratory the routine typing method for salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium, escherichia coli (two assays), listeria monocytogenes and yersinia enterocolitica. the gram-negative invasive enteropathogenic bacterium shigella is the most common cause of bacillary dysentery (shigellosis) worldwide, a ... | 2010 | 20951171 |
| probiotic properties of lactobacillus strains isolated from the feces of breast-fed infants and taiwanese pickled cabbage. | this study assessed potential probiotic lactobacillus strains isolated from the feces of breast-fed infants and from taiwanese pickled cabbage for their possible use in probiotic fermented foods by evaluating their (i) in vitro adhesive ability, resistance to biotic stress, resistance to pathogenic bacteria, and production of β-galactosidase; (ii) milk technological properties; and (iii) in vivo adhesive ability, intestinal survival and microbial changes during and after treatment. five lactobac ... | 2010 | 20951815 |
| a mouse model for the human pathogen salmonella typhi. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) causes typhoid fever, a life-threatening human disease. the lack of animal models due to s. typhi's strict human host specificity has hindered its study and vaccine development. we find that immunodeficient rag2(-/-) γc(-/-) mice engrafted with human fetal liver hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are able to support s. typhi replication and persistent infection. a s. typhi mutant in a gene required for virulence in humans was unable to replicate ... | 2010 | 20951970 |
| detection of changes in the cellular composition of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in the presence of antimicrobial compound(s) of lactobacillus strains using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. | it was previously established that lactobacillus fermentum aca-dc 179, lactobacillus plantarum aca-dc 287 and lactobacillus plantarum aca-dc 2350 exhibit antimicrobial activity against salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. in order to further investigate the killing effect of these microorganisms against salmonella cells, we employed fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ft-ir). salmonella cells were incubated with different concentrated lactobacilli supernatants and their ft-ir spectra we ... | 2010 | 20952082 |
| contribution of enhanced efflux to reduced susceptibility of salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis to fluoroquinolone and other antimicrobials. | we examined antimicrobial susceptibility and efflux systems in laboratory-derived mutants of salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis selected by culture on fluoroquinolone-containing plates. the mutants exhibited decreased susceptibilities to quinolones and several other antimicrobials. mutations in the gyra gene were not always found in the mutants. accumulation assays revealed that intracellular enrofloxacin concentrations were significantly lower in the mutants compared with parent isolates. ... | 2010 | 20953129 |
| molecular and phenotypic characteristics of cmy-2 β-lactamase-producing salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolated from cattle in japan. | isolates of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (esc)-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium obtained from two different farms in fukushima prefecture, japan, in 2007 were characterized in order to determine the genetic basis of resistance. esc resistance in the two isolates was mediated by an ampc β-lactamase encoded by the bla(cmy-2) gene, which is located in a large self-transmissible plasmid in each isolate. the sizes of the bla(cmy-2)-carrying plasmids were different. the replicon ty ... | 2010 | 20953133 |
| immunological, antioxidative, and morphological response in combined treatment of ofloxacin and lactobacillus fermentum me-3 probiotic in salmonella typhimurium murine model. | we aimed to elucidate the immunological (cytokines), biochemical (antioxidative), and patho-morphological responses in the gut and liver evoked by the addition of lactobacillus fermentum me-3 to ofloxacin (ofx) treatment in an experimental infection model of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. after challenge with s. typhimurium and treatment according to different schemes, either with ofx and/or addition of l. fermentum me-3, the mice were killed. blood, liver, spleen, and small intestine ... | 2010 | 20955459 |
| evaluation of the taxonomic utility of six-enzyme pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in reconstructing salmonella subspecies phylogeny. | pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) remains an important tool in the molecular epidemiological evaluation of strains emerging from disease outbreak clusters. recent studies of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enteritidis have noted marked improvements in the discriminatory power of pfge when combining band profiles from up to six restriction enzyme datasets into a single concatenated analysis. this approach has provided more accurate assignments of genetic relationships among closely ... | 2010 | 20959148 |
| phenotypic profile linked to inhibition of the major zn influx system in salmonella enterica: proteomics and ionomics investigations. | zinc is required for a wide variety of cellular functions and plays a key role in bacterial metabolism and virulence. however, zn can also be toxic and, therefore, its influx is tightly regulated. the high affinity zinc uptake transporter znuabc is the main zn influx system in salmonella enterica under conditions of zn starvation. it has been shown that deletion of the gene encoding for its periplasmic subunit znua significantly affects s. typhimurium growth rate and virulence, highlighting the ... | 2010 | 20959928 |
| different mutations in the oafa gene lead to loss of o5-antigen expression in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | to analyse genetic changes in the oafa gene explaining the loss of o5-antigen expression in salmonella typhimurium and salm. 4,[5],12:i:-. | 2010 | 20961365 |
| development of multiplex real-time pcr with internal amplification control for simultaneous detection of salmonella and cronobacter in powdered infant formula. | contamination of powdered infant formula (pif) by the bacteria cronobacter spp. and salmonella enterica was deemed a matter of great concern by the world health organization and the food and agriculture organization of the united nations in 2004. therefore, we developed a rapid and sensitive multiplex real-time pcr assay for the simultaneous detection of cronobacter and salmonella in pif. in addition, an internal amplification control (iac) was also included for exclusion of false negative resul ... | 2010 | 20961642 |
| puo-sevr1 is an emergent virulence-resistance complex plasmid of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | | 2010 | 20961912 |
| fast detection of volatile organic compounds from bacterial cultures by secondary electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. | we propose a novel application of secondary electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (sesi-ms) as a real-time clinical diagnostic tool for bacterial infection. it is known that volatile organic compounds (vocs), produced in different combinations and quantities by bacteria as metabolites, generate characteristic odors for certain bacteria. these vocs comprise a specific metabolic profile that can be used for species or serovar identification, but rapid and sensitive analytical methods are requi ... | 2010 | 20962140 |
| salmonella newport omphaloarteritis in a stranded killer whale (orcinus orca) neonate. | salmonella enterica serovar newport (salmonella newport) was isolated from multiple tissues in a neonate killer whale (orcinus orca) that stranded dead in 2005 along the central coast of california, usa. necrotizing omphaloarteritis and omphalophlebitis was observed on histologic examination suggesting umbilical infection was the route of entry. genetic analysis of skin samples indicated that the neonate had an offshore haplotype. salmonellosis has rarely been identified in free-ranging marine m ... | 2010 | 20966284 |
| phylogenetic evaluation of the 'typhimurium' complex of salmonella strains using a seven-gene multi-locus sequence analysis. | salmonella enterica comprises over 2500 serovars, many of which are significant foodborne pathogens in humans. the ability to subtype these microbes is difficult due to the highly clonal nature of many salmonella strains and a lack of congruence among traditional typing approaches. this work examines the phylogenetic utility of a multi-locus sequence typing (mlst) approach to discriminate between members of a closely related collection of salmonellae, the salmonella reference collection a (sara) ... | 2010 | 20970525 |
| molecular subtypes of campylobacter spp., salmonella enterica, and escherichia coli o157:h7 isolated from faecal and surface water samples in the oldman river watershed, alberta, canada. | campylobacter spp., salmonella enterica, and escherichia coli o157:h7 isolated from 898 faecal, 43 sewage, and 342 surface water samples from the oldman river were characterized using bacterial subtyping methods in order to investigate potential sources of contamination of the watershed. among these pathogens, campylobacter spp. were the most frequently isolated from faecal, sewage, and surface water samples (266/895, 11/43, and 91/342, respectively), followed by salmonella (67/898, 8/43, and 29 ... | 2011 | 20971491 |
| type vi secretion regulation: crosstalk and intracellular communication. | pathogens use type vi secretion systems (t6sss) to transport proteins into the environment or host cells in response to external stimuli. t6sss are tightly regulated together with other virulence determinants such as type iii secretion systems, quorum sensing (qs), and flagella synthesis. five pathogens (salmonella enterica, edwardsiella tarda, aeromonas hydrophila, vibrio cholerae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa) are examined for crosstalk proteins (global regulators) that connect t6sss to other vi ... | 2011 | 20971679 |
| growth and virulence properties of biofilm-forming salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium under different acidic conditions. | this study was designed to characterize the viability and potential virulence of bofilm-forming salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium under different ph levels, ranging from 5 to 7. the plate count method and real-time reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) were used to evaluate the survival of s. typhimurium grown in trypticase soy broth (tsb) adjusted to ph 5, 6, and 7 (tsb-5, tsb-6, and tsb-7, respectively) at 37°c for 10 days. in tsb-5 and tsb-6, the numbers of viable cells estimated by using ... | 2010 | 20971873 |
| salmonella virchow and salmonella weltevreden in a random survey of the asian house gecko, hemidactylus frenatus, in houses in northern australia. | abstract background: salmonella enterica serotype virchow is the most common cause of invasive nontyphoid salmonellosis in north queensland, particularly in infants, but the zoonotic source is unknown. this study aimed at determining (i) the prevalence of the introduced asian house gecko, hemidactylus frenatus, in houses in north queensland and (ii) whether they were a potential source of salmonella virchow. methods: asian house geckos were collected in a random survey of houses in townsville, n ... | 2010 | 20973656 |
| occurrence and distribution of various genetic structures of class 1 and class 2 integrons in salmonella enterica isolates from foodborne disease patients in korea for 16 years. | we have investigated the distribution of integrons among 752 multidrug-resistant salmonella isolates from human febrile and/or diarrheal patients during 1992-2007 and analyzed their genetic characteristics. here, we report extensive integron analysis results within human isolates during the last 16 years. the gene or gene cassette(s) in the class 1 integrons found in the isolates were dfra7, dfra12-orff-aada2, aada2, bla(pse1), dfra1-aada1, dfra17-aada5, bla(oxa1)-aada1, aadb-aada1, aada22, aada ... | 2010 | 20973732 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium binds to hela cells via fim-mediated reversible adhesion and irreversible type three secretion system 1-mediated docking. | the food-borne pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium invades mammalian epithelial cells. this multistep process comprises bacterial binding to the host cell, activation of the salmonella type three secretion system 1 (t1), injection of effector proteins, triggering of host cell actin rearrangements, and s. typhimurium entry. while the latter steps are well understood, much less is known about the initial binding step. earlier work had implicated adhesins (but not t1) or t1 (but not ot ... | 2010 | 20974826 |
| discovery of novel secreted virulence factors from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium by proteomic analysis of culture supernatants. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis throughout the world. this pathogen has two type iii secretion systems (ttss) encoded in salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 (spi-1 and spi-2) that deliver virulence factors (effectors) to the host cell cytoplasm and are required for virulence. while many effectors have been identified and at least partially characterized, the full repertoire of effectors has not been catalogued. in this proteomic study, we ... | 2010 | 20974834 |
| chromosomal rearrangements formed by rrn recombination do not improve replichore balance in host-specific salmonella enterica serovars. | most of the ∼2,600 serovars of salmonella enterica have a broad host range as well as a conserved gene order. in contrast, some salmonella serovars are host-specific and frequently exhibit large chromosomal rearrangements from recombination between rrn operons. one hypothesis explaining these rearrangements suggests that replichore imbalance introduced from horizontal transfer of pathogenicity islands and prophages drives chromosomal rearrangements in an attempt to improve balance. | 2010 | 20976060 |
| exploitation of the ubiquitin system by invading bacteria. | a variety of bacterial intracellular pathogens target the host cell ubiquitin system during invasion, a process that involves transient but fundamental changes in the actin cytoskeleton and plasma membrane. these changes are induced by bacterial proteins, which can be surface associated, secreted or injected directly into the host cell. here, the invasion strategies of two extensively studied intracellular bacteria, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes, are used to ... | 2010 | 20977569 |
| solution nmr structure of the plasmid-encoded fimbriae regulatory protein pefi from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | | 2011 | 20979070 |
| recognition of heptameric seed sequence underlies multi-target regulation by rybb small rna in salmonella enterica. | prokaryotic regulatory small rnas act by a conserved mechanism and yet display a stunning structural variability. in the present study, we used mutational analysis to dissect the functional anatomy of rybb, a σ(e)-dependent srna that regulates the synthesis of major porins in escherichia coli and salmonella. mutations in the chromosomal rybb locus that altered the expression of an ompc-lac fusion were identified. some of the mutations cluster within a seven-nucleotide segment at the 5' end of th ... | 2010 | 20979336 |
| enteric fever in a 6-year-old traveler caused by salmonella enterica serotypes typhi and paratyphi a: laboratory detection strategies and treatment options. | we report the first pediatric case of enteric fever caused by salmonella enterica serotypes typhi and paratyphi a. mixed infections are infrequently reported, potentially because detection of two different salmonella serotypes in blood cultures is technically challenging. we suggest laboratory strategies to aid in the recognition of mixed infections. | 2010 | 20980563 |
| simultaneous analysis of multiple enzymes increases accuracy of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in assigning genetic relationships among homogeneous salmonella strains. | due to a highly homogeneous genetic composition, the subtyping of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis strains to an epidemiologically relevant level remains intangible for pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). we reported previously on a highly discriminatory pfge-based subtyping scheme for s. enterica serovar enteritidis that relies on a single combined cluster analysis of multiple restriction enzymes. however, the ability of a subtyping method to correctly infer genetic relatedness amon ... | 2010 | 20980570 |
| observations regarding salmonella choleraesuis (var. kunzendorf) septicemia in swine. | | 1946 | 20996650 |
| salmonella choleraesuis (variety kunzendorf) bacteriemia complicating streptococcal sore throat. | | 1946 | 21023181 |
| salmonella enterica pulsed-field gel electrophoresis clusters, minnesota, usa, 2001-2007. | we determined characteristics of salmonella enterica pulsed-field gel electrophoresis clusters that predict their being solved (i.e., that result in identification of a confirmed outbreak). clusters were investigated by the minnesota department of health by using a dynamic iterative model. during 2001-2007, a total of 43 (12.5%) of 344 clusters were solved. clusters of ≥4 isolates were more likely to be solved than clusters of 2 isolates. clusters in which the first 3 case isolates were received ... | 2010 | 21029524 |
| multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar infantis, israel. | to determine whether rapid emergence of salmonella enterica serovar infantis in israel resulted from an increase in different biotypes or spread of 1 clone, we characterized 87 serovar infantis isolates on the genotypic and phenotypic levels. the emerging strain comprised 1 genetic clone with a distinct pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile and a common antimicrobial drug resistance pattern. | 2010 | 21029536 |
| plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance among non-typhi salmonella enterica isolates, usa. | we determined the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance mechanisms among non-typhi salmonella spp. isolated from humans, food animals, and retail meat in the united states in 2007. six isolates collected from humans harbored aac(6')ib-cr or a qnr gene. most prevalent was qnrs1. no animal or retail meat isolates harbored a plasmid-mediated mechanism. | 2010 | 21029547 |
| label-free identification of bacterial microcolonies via elastic scattering. | label-free microcolony identification via elastic light scattering was investigated for three different genera: salmonella enterica serovar montevideo, listeria monocytogenes f4244, and escherichia coli dh5α. microcolonies were defined as bacterial colonies in their late-lag phase to early-exponential phase with the diameter range of 100-200 µm. to link biophysical characteristics with corresponding scattering patterns, a phase contrast microscope and a confocal displacement meter were used to m ... | 2010 | 21031358 |
| salmonella enterica and escherichia coli harboring blacmy in retail beef and pork products. | we estimated the proportion of retail beef and pork products containing bla(cmy)-mediated third-generation cephalosporin resistance in commensal escherichia coli and salmonella enterica. samples were obtained from 50 grocery stores located in two u.s. states. from each store, 20 fresh meat products were purchased, including 7 packages of ground beef, 3 packages of beef steak, 6 packages of pork chops, and 4 packages of pork ribs. the resulting 1000 packages of fresh meat product were individuall ... | 2010 | 21034230 |
| eavesdropping by bacteria: the role of sdia in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium quorum sensing. | many gram-negative bacteria utilize n-acyl-l-homoserine lactones (ahls) to bind to transcriptional regulators leading to activation or repression of target genes. escherichia coli and salmonella enterica do not synthesize ahls but do contain the ahl receptor, sdia. studies reveal that sdia can bind ahls produced by other bacterial species and thereby allow e. coli and s. enterica to regulate gene transcription. the salmonella sdia gene regulates the rck gene, which mediates salmonella adhesion a ... | 2010 | 21034261 |
| epidemiological investigation of salmonella enterica serovar kedougou in thailand. | salmonella enterica serovar kedougou is among the top 10 serovars reported in northern thailand. the objective of this study was to identify risk factors associated with salmonella kedougou infection in thailand and to compare the molecular types and antimicrobial resistance with salmonella kedougou isolates of human origin from united states and of animal origin from the united kingdom. | 2010 | 21034262 |
| effects of restricted antimicrobial exposure on antimicrobial resistance in fecal escherichia coli from feedlot cattle. | the primary objective was to evaluate differences in antimicrobial resistance among enteric bacteria recovered from feedlot cattle that were being raised without exposure to antimicrobial drugs (amds) and those reared using conventional practices. | 2010 | 21034271 |
| influence of aerobic and anaerobic conditions on survival of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in luria-bertani broth, farm-yard manure and slurry. | the influence of aerobic and anaerobic conditions on the survival of the enteropathogens escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella serovar typhimurium was investigated in microcosms with broth, cattle manure or slurry. these substrates were inoculated with a green fluorescent protein transformed strain of the enteropathogens at 10(7) cells g(-1) dry weight. survival data was fitted to the weibull model. the survival curves in aerobic conditions generally showed a concave curvature, while the curva ... | 2010 | 21035246 |
| roles of spvb and spvc in s. typhimurium colitis via the alternative pathway. | salmonella enterica subspecies i serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is a frequent cause of diarrhea worldwide. it employs 2 type iii secretion systems (ttss) to elicit mucosal inflammation via the ttss-1-dependent 'classical' or the ttss-2-dependent 'alternative' pathway. if ttss-1 is defective (in invg or invc mutants), the pathogen is confined to the alternative pathway; transits the epithelium in a dendritic cell-dependent fashion, relocalizes from cd11c(+) dendritic cells to cd11c(-) cells ... | 2010 | 21036103 |
| inactivation of the rlud pseudouridine synthase has minimal effects on growth and ribosome function in wild-type escherichia coli and salmonella enterica. | the escherichia coli rlud gene encodes a pseudouridine synthase responsible for the pseudouridine (ψ) modifications at positions 1911, 1915, and 1917 in helix 69 of 23s rrna. it has been reported that deletion of rlud in k-12 strains of e. coli is associated with extremely slow growth, increased readthrough of stop codons, and defects in 50s ribosomal subunit assembly and 30s-50s subunit association. suppressor mutations in the prfb and prfc genes encoding release factor 2 (rf2) and rf3 that res ... | 2010 | 21037010 |
| ethanolamine utilization contributes to proliferation of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in food and in nematodes. | only three pathogenic bacterial species, salmonella enterica, clostridium perfringens, and listeria monocytogenes, are able to utilize both ethanolamine and 1,2-propanediol as a sole carbon source. degradation of these substrates, abundant in food and the gut, depends on cobalamin, which is synthesized de novo only under anaerobic conditions. although the eut, pdu, and cob-cbi gene clusters comprise 40 kb, the conditions under which they confer a selection advantage on these food-borne pathogens ... | 2010 | 21037291 |
| leaching of salmonella enterica in clay columns comparing two manure application methods. | transfer of zoonotic bacterial pathogens through intact soil columns was monitored in an outdoor lysimeter over 36 d. manure spiked with salmonella enterica serovar senftenberg was applied to either the soil surface or injected 0.08 m into the soil to compare leaching associated with the two manure application methods. the highest concentrations of s. enterica (up to 60,000 s. enterica cfu/ml) were detected on day 1 in the first drainage samples, with measurable but declining concentrations pers ... | 2010 | 21039451 |
| loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay targeting the ompa gene for rapid detection of riemerella anatipestifer. | a novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay was developed and evaluated for the detection of riemerella anatipestifer (ra) infection. the lamp assay exhibited a higher sensitivity than conventional polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and microbial isolation. the specificity of the assay was determined by restriction enzyme digestion of the lamp products and detection of escherichia coli, salmonella enterica and pasteurella multocida. the lamp assay was able to detect ra effectively i ... | 2010 | 21040782 |
| quantitative pcr-based competitive index for high-throughput screening of salmonella virulence factors. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is an intracellular pathogen and a main cause of food-borne illness. in this study, a quantitative pcr (qpcr)-based competitive index (ci) method was developed to simultaneously compare the growth of multiple salmonella strains. this method was applied to a mixture of 17 salmonella mutants lacking regulator genes, and their survival ratios were compared based on expression of natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (nramp1). nramp1, as a major h ... | 2010 | 21041489 |
| enteric pathology and salmonella-induced cell death in healthy and siv-infected rhesus macaques. | the goal of this study was to morphologically characterize a ligated ileal loop model of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium infection in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) and to verify the occurrence of salmonella-induced cell death in vivo. eight adult healthy male rhesus macaques were used for ligated ileal loop surgery. four macaques had been intravenously inoculated with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) mac251. ileal ligated loops were inoculated with wild-type (wt) s. typhimurium st ... | 2010 | 21041540 |
| conjugates of bovine serum albumin with chitin oligosaccharides prepared through the maillard reaction. | chitin neoglycoconjugates (bsa-co) were obtained by the conjugation of bovine serum albumin (bsa) with chitin oligosaccharides (co) through the maillard reaction (nonenzymatic glycation). co produced by acid hydrolysis of chitin were fractionated using an ultrafiltration membrane system (1-3 kda cutoff). the maillard reaction was carried out by heating a freeze-dried mixture containing bsa and co at 60 °c (under 43% relative humidity for 6 and 12 h). bsa-co were characterized by available amino ... | 2010 | 21043451 |
| micro ecosystems from feed industry surfaces: a survival and biofilm study of salmonella versus host resident flora strains. | the presence of salmonella enterica serovars in feed ingredients, products and processing facilities is a well recognized problem worldwide. in norwegian feed factories, strict control measures are implemented to avoid establishment and spreading of salmonella throughout the processing chain. there is limited knowledge on the presence and survival of the resident microflora in feed production plants. information on interactions between salmonella and other bacteria in feed production plants and ... | 2010 | 21044298 |
| the small regulatory rna molecule mica is involved in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium biofilm formation. | luxs is the synthase enzyme of the quorum sensing signal ai-2. in salmonella typhimurium, it was previously shown that a luxs deletion mutant is impaired in biofilm formation. however, this phenotype could not be complemented by extracellular addition of quorum sensing signal molecules. | 2010 | 21044338 |
| the structural characterization of the o-polysaccharide antigen of the lipopolysaccharide of escherichiacoli serotype o118 and its relation to the o-antigens of escherichiacoli o151 and salmonellaenterica o47. | mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide produced by escherichiacoli o118:h16 standard strain (nrcc 6613) afforded an o-polysaccharide (o-ps) composed of d-galactose, 2-acetamidoylamino-2,6-dideoxy-l-galactose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose, ribitol, and phosphate (1:1:1:1:1). from doc-page, sugar and methylation analyses, one- and two-dimensional nmr spectroscopy, capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry, hydrolysis, and sequential smith-type periodate oxidation studies, the o-ps was d ... | 2010 | 21044779 |
| crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the type iii secretion translocator chaperone sica from salmonella enterica. | sica is a member of the class ii chaperones in type iii secretion systems which bind to the pore-forming translocators in the bacterial cytoplasm and prevent them from premature association and degradation. in this study, sica from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium was overexpressed, purified and crystallized using peg 8000 as the precipitant. x-ray diffraction data were collected using synchrotron radiation and processed at 3.5 å resolution. the crystal belonged to the monoclinic space gr ... | 2010 | 21045315 |
| distribution of pathogenicity islands among colombian isolates of salmonella. | salmonella pathogenicity islands (spis) are regions scattered along the bacterial chromosome, with an acknowledged pivotal role during gastrointestinal and systemic infection. the distribution of spis has been investigated in reference strains. however, there is a lack of studies on their presence and/or assortment within the genomes of salmonella enterica (s. enterica) serovars that circulate in different geographical regions. therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the presence of gene ... | 2010 | 21045367 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of clya genes in various serotypes of salmonella enterica. | cytolysin a (clya) is a pore-forming hemolytic protein encoded by the clya gene. it has been identified in salmonella enterica serovars typhi and paratyphi a. to identify and characterize the clya genes in various salmonella enterica strains, 21 different serotypes of strains isolated from clinical specimens were presently examined. full-length clya genes were found in s. enterica serovar brandenburg, indiana, panama, and schwarzengrund strains by polymerase chain reaction amplification. the cly ... | 2010 | 21046345 |
| immune response induced by ppgpp-defective salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum in chickens. | to protect chickens from typhoid caused by salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum (s. gallinarum), the attenuated 9r strain has been used in the field as a vaccine. however, safety concerns have been raised because the mutations in 9r are undefined while its efficacy is still a question under debate. a global regulator, ppgpp, synthesized by rela and spot, has been shown to induce various virulence genes in s. gallinarum (jeong et al., 2008). in this study, two mutant strains defective in ppgpp- ... | 2010 | 21046347 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhi and s. paratyphi a: need to expand the qrdr region? | | 2010 | 21050501 |
| membrane tubules attach salmonella typhimurium to eukaryotic cells and bacteria. | using scanning electron microscopy techniques we measured the diameter of adhesive tubular appendages of salmonella enterica serovar s. typhimurium. the appendages interconnected bacteria in biofilms grown on gallstones or coverslips, or attached bacteria to host cells (human neutrophils). the tubular appendage diameter of bacteria of virulent flagellated c53 strain varied between 60 and 70 nm, thus considerably exceeding in size of flagella or pili. nonflagellated bacteria of mutant sjw 880 str ... | 2010 | 21054581 |
| protective effect of lactobacillus casei strain shirota against lethal infection with multi-drug resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 in mice. | the anti-infectious activity of lactobacilli against multi-drug resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 (dt104) was examined in a murine model of an opportunistic antibiotic-induced infection. | 2010 | 21059159 |
| salmonella enterica response regulator ssrb relieves h-ns silencing by displacing h-ns bound in polymerization mode and directly activates transcription. | the response regulator ssrb activates expression of genes encoded within and outside of a pathogenicity island (spi-2), which is required for systemic infection of salmonella. ssrb binds upstream of the sifa, sifb, and ssej effector genes and directly regulates transcription. ssrb also relieves gene silencing by the nucleoid protein h-ns. single molecule experiments with magnetic tweezers demonstrated that ssrb displaces h-ns from dna only when it is bound in a polymerization (stiffening) mode a ... | 2010 | 21059643 |
| re-emergence of multi-drug resistant salmonella enterica serovar stanley from cattle. | during 2009, salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar stanley isolates were recovered from cattle diagnostic specimens in southern japan, and the isolates were examined to characterize the genetic determinants involved in this new pathogenicity that associated with mortality in cattle. all the isolates were multi-drug resistance exhibited resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, oxytetracycline, and kanamycin (acssut-km) encoded by blatem, cata, aada1, su ... | 2011 | 21061061 |
| [antibacterial antibodies in human immunoglobulins and sera: past and present]. | to measure levels of several types of antibacterial antibodies in preparations of normal human immunoglobulin as well as in samples of donor sera obtained in 1965 and 2009. | 2010 | 21061576 |
| characterization of a novel salmonella typhimurium chitinase which hydrolyzes chitin, chitooligosaccharides and an n-acetyllactosamine conjugate. | salmonella contain genes annotated as chitinases; however, their chitinolytic activities have never been verified. we now demonstrate such an activity for a chitinase assigned to glycoside hydrolase family 18 encoded by the sl0018 (chia) gene in salmonella enterica typhimurium sl1344. a c-terminal truncated form of chia lacking a putative chitin-binding domain was amplified by pcr, cloned and expressed in escherichia coli bl21 (de3) with an n-terminal (his)(6) tag. the purified enzyme hydrolyzes ... | 2010 | 21062783 |
| fates of foodborne pathogens in raw hams manufactured rapidly using a new patented method. | to manufacture raw ham in an efficient manner, we recently developed a new system in which presliced pork loin was used, and the processing time was reduced to 5% of the conventional method. this study aimed to examine whether this raw ham could be as safe as ham produced by the conventional method. pork loin spiked with enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli serotype o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2c, salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis, and staphylococcus aureus were processed usin ... | 2010 | 21067667 |
| quantitative microbial risk assessment for escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica, and listeria monocytogenes in leafy green vegetables consumed at salad bars, based on modeling supply chain logistics. | quantitative microbial risk assessments do not usually account for the planning and ordering mechanisms (logistics) of a food supply chain. these mechanisms and consumer demand determine the storage and delay times of products. the aim of this study was to quantitatively assess the difference between simulating supply chain logistics (mod) and assuming fixed storage times (fix) in microbial risk estimation for the supply chain of fresh-cut leafy green vegetables destined for working-canteen sala ... | 2010 | 21067671 |
| multiplication of salmonella enteritidis in egg yolks after inoculation outside, on, and inside vitelline membranes and storage at different temperatures. | prompt refrigeration to restrict bacterial growth is important for reducing eggborne transmission of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (se). the nutrient-rich yolk interior is a relatively infrequent location for initial se deposition in eggs, but migration across the vitelline membrane can result in rapid bacterial multiplication during storage at warm temperatures. the objective of the present study was to measure the multiplication of se in yolks after introduction at three different lo ... | 2010 | 21067679 |
| cell-free fusion of bacteria-containing phagosomes with endocytic compartments. | uptake of microorganisms by professional phagocytic cells leads to formation of a new subcellular compartment, the phagosome, which matures by sequential fusion with early and late endocytic compartments, resulting in oxidative and nonoxidative killing of the enclosed microbe. few tools are available to study membrane fusion between phagocytic and late endocytic compartments in general and with pathogen-containing phagosomes in particular. we have developed and applied a fluorescence microscopy ... | 2010 | 21071675 |
| evaluation and target validation of indole derivatives as inhibitors of the acrab-tolc efflux pump. | indole derivatives 3-amino-6-carboxyl-indole and 3-nitro-6-amino-indole were designed and synthesized based on the tolc structure. they proved to have potent synergistic antibacterial effects on chloramphenicol, tetracycline, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin against escherichia coli yd2 and fj307 with decreased minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) at 2-64 folds. to research its functional site, escherichia coli bl21(de3)-3 expressing a target-site mutated tolc was constructed by red homologou ... | 2010 | 21071837 |
| status of vi gene, its expression and salmonella pathogenicity island (spi-7) in salmonella typhi in india. | salmonella enterica serotype typhi (s. typhi) is a causative organism of typhoid fever. a number of salmonella serovars express a capsular polysaccharide antigen known as vi, the biosynthetic and export proteins of which are encoded within the viab locus of salmonella pathogenicity island -7 (spi-7). spi-7 is inserted between two partially duplicated copies of trna -pheu gene. we have investigated the frequency of viab operon deletion and loss of spi-7 due to storage of strains collected during ... | 2010 | 21073066 |
| salmonella genomic islands and antibiotic resistance in salmonella enterica. | antibiotic resistance in several salmonella enterica serovars that cause gastrointestinal disease in humans is due to a set of related genomic islands carrying a class 1 integron, which carries the resistance genes. salmonella genomic island 1 (sgi1), the first island of this type, was found in s. enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 isolates, which are resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, streptomycin, spectinomycin, sulfonamides and tetracycline. several salmonella serovars and ... | 2010 | 21073312 |
| persistence and spread of salmonella enterica serovar weltevreden in soil and on spinach plants. | several outbreaks caused by pathogenic bacteria are related to the consumption of raw produce contaminated by animal manure. the majority of these outbreaks have been linked to salmonella spp. we examined the ability of salmonella enterica serovar weltevreden to persist and survive in manure and soil as well as disseminate to, and persist on, spinach roots and leaves. significantly higher numbers of s. weltevreden inoculated into manure and applied to soil before planting spinach were found in s ... | 2010 | 21073511 |
| different sugar residues of the lipopolysaccharide outer core are required for early interactions of salmonella enterica serovars typhi and typhimurium with epithelial cells. | the role of lipopolysaccharide (lps) in entry of salmonella typhimurium into epithelial cells remains unclear. in this study, we tested the ability of a series of mutants with deletions in genes for the synthesis and assembly of the o antigen and the outer core of lps to adhere to and invade hela, bhk, and ib3 epithelial cells lines. mutants devoid of o antigen, or that synthesized only one o antigen unit, or with altered o antigen chain lengths were as able as the wild type to enter epithelial ... | 2010 | 21075194 |
| inhibition of efflux pumps in methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus faecalis resistant strains by triterpenoids from momordica balsamina. | six cucurbitane-type triterpenoids (1-6) isolated from the aerial parts of momordica balsamina were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the activity of bacterial efflux pumps of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) col(oxa), enterococcus faecalis atcc 29212, salmonella enterica subsp. i serovar typhimurium 5408 and s. typhimurium 5408cip strains. the latter strain overproduces the acrb transporter of the acrab-tolc efflux pump six-fold compared with its parent. compounds 4-6 wer ... | 2010 | 21075604 |
| colonization of tomato plants by salmonella enterica is cultivar dependent, and type 1 trichomes are preferred colonization sites. | nontyphoid salmonellosis caused by salmonella enterica is the most common bacterial food-borne illness in humans, and fresh produce, including tomatoes, is a common vehicle. accumulating data indicate that human enteric pathogenic bacteria, including s. enterica, interact actively with plants. tomato plants were inoculated with s. enterica to evaluate plausible contamination routes and to determine if the tomato cultivar affects s. enterica colonization. s. enterica population levels on tomato l ... | 2010 | 21075871 |
| fur negatively regulates hns and is required for the expression of hila and virulence in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | iron is an essential element for the survival of living cells. however, excess iron is toxic, and its uptake is exquisitely regulated by the ferric uptake regulator, fur. in salmonella, the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1) encodes a type three secretion system, which is required for invasion of host epithelial cells in the small intestine. a major activator of spi-1 is hila, which is encoded within spi-1. one known regulator of hila is fur. the mechanism of hila regulation by fur is unk ... | 2010 | 21075923 |
| opposing contributions of polynucleotide phosphorylase and the membrane protein nlpi to biofilm formation by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | csgd and cyclic-3',5'-di-guanylate are key regulators of biofilm formation in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. our results show that polynucleotide phosphorylase and nlpi oppositely altered expression of csgd. polynucleotide phosphorylase and nlpi also had opposite effects on the expression of yjcc, which codes for a cyclic-3',5'-di-guanylate phosphodiesterase affecting csgd expression. | 2010 | 21075929 |
| comparison of microbial diversity of edible flowers and basil grown with organic versus conventional methods. | the consumption and use of edible flowers as food is growing; however, no study has been conducted to evaluate their role in the cause of food-borne illness or in food safety. recent food-borne outbreaks traced to fresh herbs have raised concern about their processing and handling. basil, one of the most commonly used fresh herbs, has been identified as a source of food-borne illness. baseline assessments of microflora were performed, and the microbial diversity between growing methods (organic ... | 2010 | 21076485 |
| characterization of avian γδ t-cell subsets after salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection of chicks. | avian γδ t lymphocytes are frequently found in blood and organs and are assumed to be crucial to the immune defense against salmonella infections of chicks. to elucidate the so-far-unknown immunological features of subpopulations of avian γδ t cells in the course of infection, day-old chicks were infected orally with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. until 11 days after infection, the occurrence as well as transcription of the cd8 antigen and immunologically relevant protein genes of cd8α ... | 2010 | 21078853 |
| the ubiquitin-binding adaptor proteins p62/sqstm1 and ndp52 are recruited independently to bacteria-associated microdomains to target salmonella to the autophagy pathway. | | 2011 | 21079414 |
| roles of salmonella multidrug efflux pumps in tigecycline resistance. | salmonella enterica strains exhibiting decreased susceptibility to tigecycline have been reported. in this study, we sought to elucidate the roles of salmonella multidrug efflux pumps and acrab regulators in tigecycline resistance. | 2010 | 21081542 |
| environmental sampling for salmonellaspp. in colorado animal shelters. | salmonella enterica is an important zoonotic agent and nosocomial infections and epidemics have occurred in animal facilities. the objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of salmonella in the environment in animal shelters. from 12 to 25 samples were taken from each shelter to represent environmental contamination. samples were collected from surfaces in areas used by animals and in public access areas including animal receiving rooms, kennels, paediatric wards, treatment, visitat ... | 2010 | 21083828 |
| the burden and characteristics of enteric fever at a healthcare facility in a densely populated area of kathmandu. | enteric fever, caused by salmonella enterica serovars typhi and paratyphi a (s. typhi and s. paratyphi a) remains a major public health problem in many settings. the disease is limited to locations with poor sanitation which facilitates the transmission of the infecting organisms. efficacious and inexpensive vaccines are available for s. typhi, yet are not commonly deployed to control the disease. lack of vaccination is due partly to uncertainty of the disease burden arising from a paucity of ep ... | 2010 | 21085575 |
| insights into the mechanism of type i dehydroquinate dehydratases from structures of reaction intermediates. | the biosynthetic shikimate pathway consists of seven enzymes that catalyze sequential reactions to generate chorismate, a critical branch point in the synthesis of the aromatic amino acids. the third enzyme in the pathway, dehydroquinate dehydratase (dhqd), catalyzes the dehydration of 3-dehydroquinate to 3-dehydroshikimate. we present three crystal structures of the type i dhqd from the intestinal pathogens clostridium difficile and salmonella enterica. structures of the enzyme with substrate a ... | 2010 | 21087925 |
| charged residues in the cytoplasmic loop of mota are required for stator assembly into the bacterial flagellar motor. | mota and motb form a transmembrane proton channel that acts as the stator of the bacterial flagellar motor to couple proton flow with torque generation. the c-terminal periplasmic domain of motb plays a role in anchoring the stators to the motor. however, it remains unclear where their initial binding sites are. here, we constructed salmonella strains expressing gfp-motb and mota-mcherry and investigated their subcellular localization by fluorescence microscopy. neither the d33n and d33a mutatio ... | 2010 | 21091499 |
| low endotoxic activity of lipopolysaccharides isolated from bradyrhizobium, mesorhizobium, and azospirillum strains. | the endotoxic activities of lipopolysaccharides (lps) isolated from different strains of rhizobia and rhizobacteria (bradyrhizobium, mesorhizobium, and azospirillum) were compared to those of salmonella enterica sv. typhimurium lps. the biological activity of all the examined preparations, measured as limulus lysate gelation, production of tumor necrosis factor (tnf), interleukin-1β (il-1β), and interleukin-6 (il-6), and nitrogen oxide (no) induction in human myelomonocytic cells (line thp-1), w ... | 2010 | 21091983 |
| a multiplex ligation detection assay for the characterization of salmonella enterica strains. | a proof of principle of a multi-target assay for genotyping salmonella has been developed targeting 62 genomic marker sequences of salmonella related to pathogenicity. the assay is based on multiplex ligation detection reaction (ldr) followed by customized arraytube® microarray detection. the feasibility of the developed assay was verified in a method comparison study with conventional pcr using 16 salmonella 'test' strains comprising eight serovars. subsequently, the feasibility of the ldr micr ... | 2010 | 21093086 |
| [antibiotic susceptibility of salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolated from blood cultures at the ain m'lila hospital (algeria), between 2005 and 2008]. | typhoid fever is a food- and water-borne disease, caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhi, responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. typhoid is also a public health problem in algeria. antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance must be applied to prevent the emergence of multidrug resistant strains. | 2010 | 21093188 |
| effect of resveratrol and quercetin in experimental infection by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | flavonoids are phenolic compounds widely distributed in almost every plant and act as pharmacologically active constituents in many herbal medicines. they have multiple biological, pharmacological, and medicinal properties including anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. in the present study, the experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of resveratrol and quercetin on proliferation, viability, nitric oxide (no) production, and apoptosis in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium- ... | 2010 | 21093605 |
| a novel salmonella typhi-based immunotherapy promotes tumor killing via an antitumor th1-type cellular immune response and neutrophil activation in a mouse model of breast cancer. | we investigated the use of a live, attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhi vaccine strain as an antitumor immunotherapy. mice bearing a subcutaneous tumor (lm3 mammary adenocarcinoma) were immunized on three occasions with s. typhi strain cvd 915 by injection into the tumor, the peritumoral tissue and the draining lymph node areas; this procedure was termed salmonella multiple treatment (salmonella mt). tumor-bearing mice subjected to the salmonella mt exhibited reduced tumor growth, prolon ... | 2010 | 21095252 |
| enhanced virulence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium after passage through mice. | the interaction between salmonella enterica and the host immune system is complex. the outcome of an infection is the result of a balance between the in vivo environment where the bacteria survive and grow and the regulation of fitness genes at a level sufficient for the bacteria to retain their characteristic rate of growth in a given host. using bacteriological counts from tissue homogenates and fluorescence microscopy to determine the spread, localization, and distribution of s. enterica in t ... | 2010 | 21098099 |
| the vi capsular polysaccharide prevents complement receptor 3-mediated clearance of salmonella enterica serotype typhi. | capsular polysaccharides are important virulence factors of invasive bacterial pathogens. here we studied the role of the virulence (vi) capsular polysaccharide of salmonella enterica serotype typhi (s. typhi) in preventing innate immune recognition by complement. comparison of capsulated s. typhi with a noncapsulated mutant (δtvibcde vexabcde mutant) revealed that the vi capsule interfered with complement component 3 (c3) deposition. decreased complement fixation resulted in reduced bacterial b ... | 2010 | 21098104 |
| whole-genome analysis of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium t000240 reveals the acquisition of a genomic island involved in multidrug resistance via is1 derivatives on the chromosome. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is frequently associated with life-threatening systemic infections, and the recent global emergence of multidrug resistance in s. enterica isolates from agricultural and clinical settings has raised concerns. in this study, we determined the whole-genome sequence of fluoroquinolone-resistant s. enterica serovar typhimurium t000240 strain (dt12) isolated from human gastroenteritis in 2000. comparative genome analysis revealed that t000240 displays high sequ ... | 2010 | 21098248 |