| study of the gastrointestinal parasitic fauna of captive non-human primates (macaca fascicularis). | the aim of this study was to examine helminths and protozoans in cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis) imported from registered breeding facilities in china and their relation to health risks for non-human primate handlers in biomedical research centers and in breeding facilities. fresh fecal samples were collected from a total of 443 m. fascicularis and analyzed by copromicroscopical analysis, immunoenzymatic, or molecular assays. as to helminths, whose eggs were shed in 2.03% of the sample ... | 2016 | 26374536 |
| diversity and prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in seven non-human primates of the taï national park, côte d'ivoire. | parasites and infectious diseases are well-known threats to primate populations. the main objective of this study was to provide baseline data on fecal parasites in the cercopithecid monkeys inhabiting côte d'ivoire's taï national park. seven of eight cercopithecid species present in the park were sampled: cercopithecus diana, cercopithecus campbelli, cercopithecus petaurista, procolobus badius, procolobus verus, colobus polykomos, and cercocebus atys. we collected 3142 monkey stool samples betw ... | 2015 | 25619957 |
| pcr amplification and dna sequence analysis of parasitic intestinal protozoa in specimens stained with chlorazol black e. | chlorazol black e (cbe) stain has been used for the detection and identification of intestinal parasitic protozoa. in recent years, genotyping of protozoa has been performed to examine pathogenicity and for epidemiologic analysis. in this study, protozoan dna was amplified from preserved human fecal specimens stained with cbe that were positive for giardia intestinalis (syn. g. lamblia and g. duodenalis), chilomastix mesnili, pentatrichomonas hominis, and entamoeba histolytica. dna was amplified ... | 2013 | 23666647 |
| prevalence of parasites in patients with gastroenteritis at east of mazandaran province, northern iran. | parasitic gastrointestinal infections are one of the most important health problems in the developing countries, which lead to the onset of intestinal disease particularly diarrhoea. due to the particular geographic situation in the mazandaran province, individuals are infected with various intestinal parasites. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of enteropathogenic parasites in the patients with gastroenteritis living at the east of mazandaran province (sari, nekah and j ... | 2012 | 23202601 |
| prevalence of intestinal parasites in hiv-positive patients on the island of bioko, equatorial guinea: its relation to sanitary conditions and socioeconomic factors. | the prevalence of intestinal parasitic diseases and their associated factors has been investigated in hiv populations from the island of bioko, equatorial guinea. the feces of 310 participants from the island of bioko (260 hiv-positive and 50 hiv-negative) were analyzed by microscopic observation. immunochromatography was also used to diagnose giardia, entamoeba histolytica and cryptosporidium spp. in addition, patients were asked for sociodemographic, economic and academic status, and cd4+ t ce ... | 2012 | 22771815 |
| maximising the potential of voluntary counselling and testing for hiv: sexually transmitted infections and hiv epidemiology in a population testing for hiv and its implications for practice. | this study aimed to describe the epidemiology of hiv infection and sexually transmitted infections (stis) among persons who attended voluntary counselling and testing (vct) service for hiv and to assess whether the vct programme reached the right population at risk in taiwan. | 2012 | 22717470 |
| structure of methionine γ-lyase from clostridium sporogenes. | methionine γ-lyase (mgl) is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the γ-elimination reaction of l-methionine. the enzyme is a promising target for therapeutic intervention in some anaerobic pathogens and has attracted interest as a potential cancer treatment. the crystal structure of mgl from clostridium sporogenes has been determined at 2.37 å resolution. the fold of the protein is similar to those of homologous enzymes from citrobacter freundii, entamoeba histolytica, pseudo ... | 2016 | 26750487 |
| nitroimidazole carboxamides as antiparasitic agents targeting giardia lamblia, entamoeba histolytica and trichomonas vaginalis. | diarrhoeal diseases caused by the intestinal parasites giardia lamblia and entamoeba histolytica constitute a major global health burden. nitroimidazoles are first-line drugs for the treatment of giardiasis and amebiasis, with metronidazole 1 being the most commonly used drug worldwide. however, treatment failures in giardiasis occur in up to 20% of cases and development of resistance to metronidazole is of concern. we have re-examined 'old' nitroimidazoles as a foundation for the systematic dev ... | 2016 | 27236016 |
| amoebiasis masquerading as inflammatory bowel disease. | a 60-year-old japanese man presented with bloody diarrhoea. he stated that he had been diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (uc) 3 years prior, but discontinued follow-up care as treatment was ineffective. one year later, he came to our hospital with anorexia and weight loss. the abdomen was soft and flat without tenderness. laboratory tests were unremarkable; faecal culture and clostridium difficile toxin were negative. findings and biopsy from a subsequent colonoscopy reconfirmed his diagnosis of ... | 2015 | 26607188 |
| metronidazole-triazole conjugates: activity against clostridium difficile and parasites. | metronidazole has been used clinically for over 50 years as an antiparasitic and broad-spectrum antibacterial agent effective against anaerobic bacteria. however resistance to metronidazole in parasites and bacteria has been reported, and improved second-generation metronidazole analogues are needed. the copper catalysed huigsen azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition offers a way to efficiently assemble new libraries of metronidazole analogues. several new metronidazole-triazole conjugates (mtz- ... | 2015 | 26117821 |
| dbdiasnp: an open-source knowledgebase of genetic polymorphisms and resistance genes related to diarrheal pathogens. | diarrhea is a highly common infection among children, responsible for significant morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. after pneumonia, diarrhea remains the second leading cause of neonatal deaths. numerous viral, bacterial, and parasitic enteric pathogens are associated with diarrhea. with increasing antibiotic resistance among enteric pathogens, there is an urgent need for global surveillance of the mutations and resistance genes primarily responsible for resistance to antibiotic treatment. ... | 2015 | 25978092 |
| [the application and epidemiological research of xtag gpp multiplex pcr in the diagnosis of infectious diarrhea]. | to investigate the application value of xtag (®) gastrointestinal pathogen panel (xtag9(®) gpp) multiplex pcr in the early diagnosis of infectious diarrhea, and understand the epidemiology of intestinal diarrhea pathogens. | 2015 | 25916780 |
| spectrum of enteropathogens detected by the filmarray gi panel in a multicentre study of community-acquired gastroenteritis. | the european, multicentre, quarterly point-prevalence study of community-acquired diarrhoea (eucodi) analysed stool samples received at ten participating clinical microbiology laboratories (austria, finland, france, germany, greece, ireland, italy, portugal, romania, and the uk) in 2014. on four specified days, each local laboratory submitted samples from ≤20 consecutive patients to the austrian study centre for further testing with the filmarray gi panel (biofire diagnostics, salt lake city, ut ... | 2015 | 25908431 |
| the role of bifidobacterium lactis b94 plus inulin in the treatment of acute infectious diarrhea in children. | in contrast to many other studies of probiotic species, the number of publications evaluating bifidobacterium lactis and its combinations with prebiotics as treatments for acute infectious diarrhea is limited. we investigated the synbiotic effects of b. lactis b94 plus inulin on acute infectious diarrhea. | 2014 | 25599772 |
| role of leptin-mediated colonic inflammation in defense against clostridium difficile colitis. | the role of leptin in the mucosal immune response to clostridium difficile colitis, a leading cause of nosocomial infection, was studied in humans and in a murine model. previously, a mutation in the receptor for leptin (lepr) was shown to be associated with susceptibility to infectious colitis and liver abscess due to entamoeba histolytica as well as to bacterial peritonitis. here we discovered that european americans homozygous for the same lepr q223r mutation (rs1137101), known to result in d ... | 2014 | 24166957 |
| added value of multiplex luminex gastrointestinal pathogen panel (xtag® gpp) testing in the diagnosis of infectious gastroenteritis. | the luminex gastrointestinal pathogen panel (xtag(®) gpp) detects in one assay the most common gastroenteritis-causing pathogens and toxins, namely adenovirus 40/41, norovirus genogroup (ng) i/ii, rotavirus a, clostridium difficile toxin a/b, campylobacter sp., escherichia coli o157, enterotoxigenic e. coli heat-labile enterotoxin/heat-stable enterotoxin, salmonella sp., shiga-toxin producing e. coli, shiga-like toxin (stx)1/2, shigella sp., vibrio cholerae, yersinia enterocolitica, cryptosporid ... | 2014 | 24131399 |
| [infection frequency in patients with chronic idiopathic ulcerative colitis]. | ulcerative colitis (uc) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by diffuse inflammation of the mucosa of the colon. up to now, diverse observational studies have implicated a wide variety of pathogenic microorganisms as causal and exacerbating factors in uc. clostridium difficile (c. difficile) infection has been associated with recurrence and treatment failure and its incidence in patients with uc has been on the rise in the last few years. | 2012 | 23159238 |
| clostridium difficile and entamoeba histolytica infections in patients with colitis in the philippines. | amoebiasis is a common cause of non-specific colitis in the philippines. the prevalence of clostridium difficile infection with colitis is unknown. empiric use of metronidazole for colitis treatment is widely practiced. we investigated the association of c. difficile or entamoeba histolytica infection with endoscopically/histopathologically proven colitis among adults in the philippines. two hundred and ten patients undergoing colonoscopy were enrolled. demographic and clinical data were reviewe ... | 2012 | 22657531 |
| effects of melatonin on oxidative stress, and resistance to bacterial, parasitic, and viral infections: a review. | melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, works directly and indirectly as a free radical scavenger. its other physiological or pharmacological activities could be dependent or independent of receptors located in different cells, organs, and tissues. in addition to its role in promoting sleep and circadian rhythms regulation, it has important immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects suggesting that this indole must be considered as a therapeutic alternative against inf ... | 2014 | 24811367 |
| novel transmembrane receptor involved in phagosome transport of lysozymes and β-hexosaminidase in the enteric protozoan entamoeba histolytica. | lysozymes and hexosaminidases are ubiquitous hydrolases in bacteria and eukaryotes. in phagocytic lower eukaryotes and professional phagocytes from higher eukaryotes, they are involved in the degradation of ingested bacteria in phagosomes. in entamoeba histolytica, which is the intestinal protozoan parasite that causes amoebiasis, phagocytosis plays a pivotal role in the nutrient acquisition and the evasion from the host defense systems. while the content of phagosomes and biochemical and physio ... | 2012 | 22383874 |
| crystal structures of acetate kinases from the eukaryotic pathogens entamoeba histolytica and cryptococcus neoformans. | acetate kinases (acks) are members of the acetate and sugar kinase/hsp70/actin (askha) superfamily and catalyze the reversible phosphorylation of acetate, with adp/atp the most common phosphoryl acceptor/donor. while prokaryotic acks have been the subject of extensive biochemical and structural characterization, there is a comparative paucity of information on eukaryotic acks, and prior to this report, no structure of an ack of eukaryotic origin was available. we determined the structures of ack ... | 2013 | 23159802 |
| multicenter evaluation of bd max enteric parasite real-time pcr assay for detection of giardia duodenalis, cryptosporidium hominis, cryptosporidium parvum, and entamoeba histolytica. | common causes of chronic diarrhea among travelers worldwide include protozoan parasites. the majority of parasitic infections are caused by giardia duodenalis, entamoeba histolytica, cryptosporidium parvum, and cryptosporidium hominis similarly, these species cause the majority of parasitic diarrhea acquired in the united states. detection of parasites by gold standard microscopic methods is time-consuming and requires considerable expertise; enzyme immunoassays and direct fluorescent-antibody ( ... | 2016 | 27535690 |
| is real-time pcr-based diagnosis similar in performance to routine parasitological examination for the identification of giardia intestinalis, cryptosporidium parvum/cryptosporidium hominis and entamoeba histolytica from stool samples? evaluation of a new commercial multiplex pcr assay and literature review. | microscopy is the reference standard for routine laboratory diagnosis in faecal parasitology but there is growing interest in alternative methods to overcome the limitations of microscopic examination, which is time-consuming and highly dependent on an operator's skills and expertise. compared with microscopy, dna detection by pcr is simple and can offer a better turnaround time. however, pcr performances remain difficult to assess as most studies have been conducted on a limited number of posit ... | 2016 | 26548509 |
| improved orthologous databases to ease protozoan targets inference. | homology inference helps on identifying similarities, as well as differences among organisms, which provides a better insight on how closely related one might be to another. in addition, comparative genomics pipelines are widely adopted tools designed using different bioinformatics applications and algorithms. in this article, we propose a methodology to build improved orthologous databases with the potential to aid on protozoan target identification, one of the many tasks which benefit from com ... | 2015 | 26416523 |
| prevalence of intestinal parasites in referred individuals to the medical centers of tonekabon city, mazandaran province. | the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites and their relation with socio-demographic data in referred individuals to the medical centers in tonekabon, mazandaran province, 2015. | 2016 | 28224032 |
| cryptosporidium parvum among coprolites from la cueva de los muertos chiquitos (600-800 ce), rio zape valley, durango, mexico. | : in the present study, 90 coprolites from la cueva de los muertos chiquitos (cmc) were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) tests for 3 diarrhea-inducing protozoan parasites, entamoeba histolytica , giardia duodenalis , and cryptosporidium parvum , to determine whether these parasites were present among the people who utilized this cave 1,200-1,400 yr ago. these people, the loma san gabriel, developed as a culture out of the archaic los caracoles population and lived througho ... | 2016 | 27098916 |
| antiparasitic activity of silver and copper oxide nanoparticles against entamoeba histolytica and cryptosporidium parvum cysts. | nanoparticles (nps) have received more attention as antiparasitic agents. in the present study, silver and copper nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (sem), transmission electron microscope (tem) and x-ray fluorescence (xrf). the antiparasitic activity of ag and cuo nanoparticles were tested against two of the most environmentally spread parasites in egypt (entamoeba histolytica and cryptosporidium parvum). the average sizes of synthesized ag nps a ... | 2015 | 26939237 |
| intestinal parasites in diabetic patients in sohag university hospitals, egypt. | intestinal parasites usually create benign diseases, though they may induce complications with high morbidity and mortality to the immunocompromised, including diabetic patients. the study detected the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in diabetic patients, comparing to non-diabetic controls and other parameters. a total of 100 fecal samples were collected from diabetic patients at the outpatient clinic of sohag university hospitals and another 100 from cross matched controls. the sa ... | 2015 | 26485865 |
| prevalence of cryptosporidium parvum/hominis, entamoeba histolytica and giardia lamblia among young children with and without diarrhea in dar es salaam, tanzania. | although enteroparasites are common causes of diarrheal illness, few studies have been performed among children in tanzania. this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of cryptosporidium parvum/hominis, entamoeba histolytica and giardia lamblia among young children in dar es salaam, tanzania, and identify risk factors for infection. | 2015 | 26452235 |
| burden of major diarrheagenic protozoan parasitic co-infection among amoebic dysentery cases from north east india: a case report. | intestinal diarrheagenic polyparasitic infections are among the major public health concerns in developing countries. here we examined stool specimens by microscopy, dna dot blot and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to evaluate the co-infection of four principal protozoans among amoebic dysentery cases from northeast indian population. the multiplex pcr confirmed entamoeba histolytica (8.1%), entamoeba dispar (4.8%) and mixed infection of both the parasites (3.4%) in 68 of 356 stool specimens tha ... | 2015 | 26099490 |
| [evaluation of the new immunocard stat!® cge test for the diagnosis of amebiasis]. | for many years, microscopic examination of stool samples has been considered to be the "gold standard" for diagnosis of intestinal parasites although the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis is increasingly utilized due to its high accuracy. recently, pcr has been approved by the world health organization as the current method of choice for the diagnosis of entamoeba histolytica infection. in this study we evaluated a novel immunochromatographic antigen detection rapid test, immunocardstat c ... | 2015 | 26018388 |
| a comparative survey of the prevalence of human parasites found in fresh vegetables sold in supermarkets and open-aired markets in accra, ghana. | consuming raw vegetables offers essential nutrients that one may not get when such vegetables are usually cooked. however, eating them raw may pose a great risk for transmissions of pathogens. such risks may be influenced by the sources of the vegetables and washing techniques used. the aim of the study was to compare the prevalence and diversity of parasitic pathogens associated with vegetables sold at the two types of markets in ghana and compare effectiveness of various washing techniques. | 2014 | 25424391 |
| immuno-pcr for detection of giardia lamblia cysts in water. | giardia lamblia cysts at low concentrations were detected in water samples using a highly sensitive immunological-pcr (ipcr) method. magnetic gold particles were precoated with monoclonal anti-giardia antibodies, and giardia lamblia cysts ranging from 1 to 100 cysts were diluted in 500 microl of water. a biotinylated detection antibody bound to the g. lamblia cysts was then linked by a streptavidin bridge to biotinylated giardia-reporter dna. after extensive washing, reporter dna was released by ... | 2014 | 24830167 |
| longitudinal evaluation of enteric protozoa in haitian children by stool exam and multiplex serologic assay. | haitian children were monitored longitudinally in a filariasis study. included were stool samples examined for giardia intestinalis and entamoeba histolytica cysts, and serum specimens analyzed for immunoglobulin g (igg) responses to eight recombinant antigens from g. intestinalis (variant-specific surface protein [vsp1-vsp5]), e. histolytica (lectin adhesion molecule [leca]), and cryptosporidium parvum (17- and 27-kda) using a multiplex bead assay. the igg responses to vsp antigens peaked at 2 ... | 2014 | 24591430 |
| prevalence of isosporiasis in relation to cd4 cell counts among hiv-infected patients with diarrhea in odisha, india. | to determine the prevalence of isospora belli and its correlation with cd4+ cell counts in hiv-positive patients with diarrhea in this region. | 2013 | 24223376 |
| strategies to discover the structural components of cyst and oocyst walls. | cysts of giardia lamblia and entamoeba histolytica and oocysts of toxoplasma gondii and cryptosporidium parvum are the infectious and sometimes diagnostic forms of these parasites. to discover the structural components of cyst and oocyst walls, we have developed strategies based upon a few simple assumptions. briefly, the most abundant wall proteins are identified by monoclonal antibodies or mass spectrometry. structural components include a sugar polysaccharide (chitin for entamoeba, β-1,3-link ... | 2013 | 24096907 |
| drug repurposing: mining protozoan proteomes for targets of known bioactive compounds. | to identify potential opportunities for drug repurposing by developing an automated approach to pre-screen the predicted proteomes of any organism against databases of known drug targets using only freely available resources. | 2016 | 23757409 |
| parasitic causes of prolonged diarrhoea in travellers - diagnosis and management. | prolonged infectious diarrhoea in the returning traveller is generally caused by protozoal and occasionally by helminth parasites. | 2012 | 23210100 |
| diagnosis of multiple enteric protozoan infections by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the guatemalan highlands. | we tested a prototype stool enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) (tri-combo) that is simultaneously diagnostic for giardia lamblia, cryptosporidium parvum, and entamoeba histolytica in a rural pediatric clinic in guatemala. we compared its results to those of three individual elisas for these parasites, assessed the prevalence of these parasites, and compared our findings to those found by stool microscopy. we tested 620 non-diarrheal stools. the tri-combo diagnosed 57 positive samples and ... | 2013 | 23185076 |
| reprofiled drug targets ancient protozoans: drug discovery for parasitic diarrheal diseases. | recently, we developed a novel automated, high throughput screening (hts) methodology for the anaerobic intestinal parasite entamoeba histolytica. we validated this hts platform by screening a chemical library containing us food and drug administration (fda)-approved drugs and bioactive compounds. we identified an fda-approved drug, auranofin, as most active against e. histolytica both in vitro and in vivo. our cell culture and animal studies indicated that thioredoxin reductase, an enzyme invol ... | 2017 | 23137963 |
| comparison of the triage micro parasite panel and microscopy for the detection of entamoeba histolytica/entamoeba dispar, giardia lamblia, and cryptosporidium parvum in stool samples collected in kenya. | entamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia, and cryptosporidium parvum are three of the most important parasitic causes of acute diarrhea worldwide. laboratory diagnosis of these parasites is usually done by ova and parasite examination (o&p examination) via microscopy. the sensitivity and specificity of o&p examination varies among laboratories and can be labor intensive and time consuming. the triage micro parasite panel (biosite, san diego, california) is an enzyme immunoassay kit that can detect ... | 2012 | 22848229 |
| prevalence of intestinal protozoa among saudi patients with chronic renal failure: a case-control study. | it has been hypothesized that chronic renal failure (crf) predisposes patients to infection with intestinal protozoa. we tested this hypothesis with a matched case-control study to determine the prevalence of these protozoa and their diarrhea associated symptoms among 50 patients with crf (cases) from taif, western saudi arabia. fifty diarrheal patients without crf were recruited in the study as controls. participants were interviewed by a structured questionnaire and stool samples were collecte ... | 2015 | 26491455 |
| intestinal parasitosis in school children of lalitpur district of nepal. | enteric parasites are the most common cause of parasitic diseases and cause significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries like nepal. the objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections among school going children of lalitpur district of nepal. | 2013 | 24207086 |
| detection of intestinal protozoa in the clinical laboratory. | despite recent advances in diagnostic technology, microscopic examination of stool specimens remains central to the diagnosis of most pathogenic intestinal protozoa. microscopy is, however, labor-intensive and requires a skilled technologist. new, highly sensitive diagnostic methods have been developed for protozoa endemic to developed countries, including giardia lamblia (syn. g. intestinalis/g. duodenalis) and cryptosporidium spp., using technologies that, if expanded, could effectively comple ... | 2014 | 24197877 |
| [drug therapy of infectious diarrhea. part 2: chronic diarrhea]. | diarrheal diseases are among the most common diseases worldwide. in this review the current treatment recommendations for acute (part 1) and chronic (part 2) infectious diarrhea are summarized and typical enteropathogens are discussed. the second part of the article describes chronic diarrhea, its related pathogens and treatment. in contrast to acute diarrhea which is mainly caused by viral and typical bacterial pathogens, chronic diarrhea has mainly non-infectious origins. protozoal pathogens, ... | 2013 | 23917963 |
| pattern of co-infection by enteric pathogenic parasites among hiv sero-positive individuals in a tertiary care hospital, mumbai, india. | one of the major medical concerns in people living with hiv/aids (plha) is management of diarrhea that can lead to severe morbidity and mortality. such clinical scenario warrants an analysis of intestinal parasites, which are important opportunistic pathogens in plha. owing to the scarcity of recent pattern of intestinal opportunistic infections from this region, the study was designed to determine the opportunistic parasites causing diarrhea in plha; and to find out whether there is any signifi ... | 2017 | 26392653 |
| prevalence of intestinal opportunistic parasites infections in the university hospital of bobo-dioulasso, burkina faso. | gastrointestinal parasites infections are widespread in africa and their prevalence infections vary from country to country. this study aimed at assessing the prevalence of opportunistic intestinal parasites infection and other gastrointestinal parasites infection among patients attending the laboratory of parasitology and mycology of the university hospital souro sanou of bobo-dioulasso. | 2015 | 26217488 |
| prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections among individuals living with hiv/aids at felegehiwot referral hospital, bahir dar, ethiopia. | hiv infection continues to pose a serious challenge to global health by predisposing patients to opportunistic infections. a cross-sectional study was conducted from december 2012 to february 2013 to assess the enteric protozoan infection status among individuals living with hiv/aids in felegehiwot referral hospital, bahir dar, northwest ethiopia. | 2015 | 25917962 |
| study of opportunistic intestinal parasitic infections in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. | intestinal parasites predominantly coccidian parasites are a common cause for diarrhea in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive patients. | 2013 | 24672179 |
| enteric pathogens in hiv infected and hiv uninfected individuals with diarrhea in pune. | diarrhea in hiv infected individuals is a common complication seen in about 90% of patients in developing countries. the objective of this study was to identify enteric pathogens in hiv infected and hiv uninfected individuals in pune. | 2013 | 23918286 |
| a toll/il-1r/resistance domain-containing thioredoxin regulates phagocytosis in entamoeba histolytica. | entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite that infects humans and causes amebiasis affecting developing countries. phagocytosis of epithelial cells, erythrocytes, leucocytes, and commensal microbiota bacteria is a major pathogenic mechanism used by this parasite. a toll/il-1r/resistance (tir) domain-containing protein is required in phagocytosis in the social ameba dictyostelium discoideum, an ameba closely related to entamoeba histolytica in phylogeny. in insects and vertebrates, tir domain ... | 2012 | 23043976 |
| high occurrence of blastocystis sp. subtypes 1-3 and giardia intestinalis assemblage b among patients in zanzibar, tanzania. | blastocystis is a common intestinal parasite with worldwide distribution but the distribution of blastocystis and its subtypes in east africa is largely unknown. in this study, we investigate the distribution of blastocystis subtypes in zanzibar, tanzania and report the prevalence of intestinal parasites using both molecular methods and microscopy. | 2016 | 27356981 |
| prevalence of dientamoeba fragilis, giardia duodenalis, entamoeba histolytica/dispar, and cryptosporidium spp in da nang, vietnam, detected by a multiplex real-time pcr. | we surveyed the prevalence of dientamoeba fragilis, giardia duodenalis, entamoeba histolytica, entamoeba dispar, and cryptosporidium spp in individuals with and without gastrointestinal (gi) symptoms residing in and around da nang city, vietnam. fecal samples were collected from children (n = 100) and adults (n = 80) with gi symptoms and from healthy individuals (n = 88) reporting no gi symptoms. parasite detection was performed by multiplex real-time pcr. overall, except for g. duodenalis, we f ... | 2016 | 27102222 |
| triage and protocol recommendations for the parasitology laboratory based on an epidemiological investigation of parasite diagnostics in ontario laboratories. | a study was performed using a subset of ontario laboratory parasitology data, with three objectives: to describe parasitic infections in ontario; to identify risk factors for acquiring a parasitic infection using routinely collected information; and to use this information to assess current protocols for parasite testing in laboratories and, in turn, to propose alternatives to optimize the allocation of laboratory resources. | 2017 | 25587292 |
| prevalence and genetic diversity of entamoeba species infecting macaques in southwest china. | many colonies of macaques (macaca fascicularis and macaca mulatta) are maintained in china, especially in guangxi and guizhou. a total of 803 fresh stool samples infected with entamoeba were obtained from three big colonies of macaques located in southwest china. the samples were examined for the presence of five entamoeba species using pcr. entamoeba nuttalli, entamoeba dispar, entamoeba coli, and entamoeba chattoni infections were detected, but entamoeba histolytica infection was not. this stu ... | 2013 | 23354942 |
| occurrence of giardia, cryptosporidium, and entamoeba in wild rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) living in urban and semi-rural north-west india. | giardia duodenalis, cryptosporidium spp., and entamoeba spp. are intestinal protozoa capable of infecting a range of host species, and are important causes of human morbidity and mortality. understanding their epidemiology is important, both for public health and for the health of the animals they infect. this study investigated the occurrence of these protozoans in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) in india, with the aim of providing preliminary information on the potential for transmission of t ... | 2017 | 28229045 |
| prevalence of intestinal protozoans among schoolchildren in suburban areas near yangon, myanmar. | although intestinal protozoans are common etiologies of diarrhea, few studies have been conducted in myanmar. this study planned to investigate the prevalence of giardia lamblia, entamoeba coli, entamoeba histolytica, and endolimax nana among schoolchildren and their guardians in suburban areas near yangon, myanmar. we performed a cross-sectional survey among schoolchildren and their guardians from 7 primary schools in south dagon and hlaing thar yar districts, yangon, myanmar. stool samples wer ... | 2016 | 27417092 |
| evolution of the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in the region of tunis from 1996 at 2012. | the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis is very different according to countries. therefore, it is always interesting to update the data in tunisia to better direct control measures. | 2015 | 27126425 |
| molecular identification of entamoeba species in savanna woodland chimpanzees (pan troglodytes schweinfurthii). | to address the molecular diversity and occurrence of pathogenic species of the genus entamoeba spp. in wild non-human primates (nhp) we conducted molecular-phylogenetic analyses on entamoeba from wild chimpanzees living in the issa valley, tanzania. we compared the sensitivity of molecular [using a genus-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr)] and coproscopic detection (merthiolate-iodine-formaldehyde concentration) of entamoeba spp. we identified entamoeba spp. in 72 chimpanzee fecal samples ... | 2016 | 26935395 |
| [intestinal parasitosis among non-permanent resident students in tunisia: a review of 23 years of monitoring in the department of parasitology-mycology at the rabta hospital of tunisia]. | in order to fight digestive parasitism in tunisia, a national program of surveillance of non-permanent resident students in tunisia has been found to detect these parasitosis in this target population. | 2015 | 26757499 |
| comparative analysis of genotypic diversity in entamoeba nuttalli isolates from tibetan macaques and rhesus macaques in china. | we have recently demonstrated the potentially virulent species entamoeba nuttalli as one of the highly prevalent parasites in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) in mount long-hu and gui-yang in china. tibetan macaque (macaca thibetana) is a unique species living in china. to evaluate the prevalence of entamoeba species in wild tibetan macaques, we obtained 89 stool samples in mount e-mei of si-chuan province in china. pcr analysis detected e. nuttalli, entamoeba coli, and entamoeba polecki st2 in ... | 2016 | 26723919 |
| [environmental conditions and prevalence of parasitic infection in xukuru-kariri indigenous people, caldas, brazil]. | to describe the environmental conditions and the parasitic infection status of xukuru-kariri individuals living in the municipality of caldas, state of minas gerais, brazil. | 2015 | 26506320 |
| intestinal parasites in patients with chronic abdominal pain. | information about intestinal parasites in sohag (upper egypt) in patients with chronic abdominal pain is scarce. this study determined the intestinal parasites symptoms in 130 patients with chronic abdominal pain and cross-matched 20 healthy persons. parasitic infection was confirmed by stool analysis.the most commonest clinical data with stool analysis was as following: 1-entamoeba histolytica associated with nausea 20 (3 7.74%) followed by anorexia 19 (35.85%), 2-entamoeba coli associated with ... | 2015 | 26485858 |
| parasitic infections on the shore of lake victoria (east africa) detected by mini-flotac and standard techniques. | helminths and protozoa infections pose a great burden especially in developing countries, due to morbidity caused by both acute and chronic infection. the aim of our survey was to analyze the intestinal parasitic burden in communities from mwanza region, tanzania. | 2014 | 24865791 |
| parasitic infections based on 320 clinical samples submitted to hanyang university, korea (2004-2011). | we analyzed 320 clinical samples of parasitic infections submitted to the department of environmental biology and medical parasitology, hanyang university from january 2004 to june 2011. they consisted of 211 nematode infections, 64 trematode or cestode infections, 32 protozoan infections, and 13 infections with arthropods. the nematode infections included 67 cases of trichuriasis, 62 of anisakiasis (anisakis sp. and pseudoterranova decipiens), 40 of enterobiasis, and 24 of ascariasis, as well a ... | 2014 | 24850969 |
| prevalence and risk factors for intestinal parasites in food handlers, southern brazil. | in this study, the prevalence and risk factors for enteroparasites were determined in food handlers from maringá, paraná state, southern brazil. fecal and subungual materials of 150 street food vendors were analyzed by the methods of lutz, faust, and mello, respectively. a questionnaire on hygiene and sanitary conditions of the workplace and of domicile was applied. the prevalence of enteroparasites was 28%, and the protozoa infection was more expressive (21.3%) than by helminths (6.7%), but wit ... | 2014 | 24256564 |
| mini-flotac, an innovative direct diagnostic technique for intestinal parasitic infections: experience from the field. | soil-transmitted helminths and intestinal protozoa infection are widespread in developing countries, yet an accurate diagnosis is rarely performed. the aim of this study was to evaluate the recently developed mini-flotac method and to compare with currently more widely used techniques for the diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections in different settings. | 2013 | 23936577 |
| [water pollution and health risks at yaoundé, cameroon]. | the aim of this article consists of developing an ecosystemic approach to collect information about groundwater pollution in order to determine its origin and infer the health risks in mingoa's watershed through the study of 12 spontaneous settlements. from an environmental point of view, family interviews and direct observations allowed us to inventory springs, wells and latrines, and to collect information. so, we have selected, on the basis of predefined criteria, 21 wells and springs for phy ... | 2013 | 23916209 |
| intestinal parasites in a quilombola community of the northern state of espírito santo, brazil. | the aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of intestinal parasites in a quilombola community from the northern espírito santo, brazil. descendants of slaves who arrived in brazil in the sixteenth century, this population settled in the municipality of são mateus in 1858. fresh fecal samples from 82 individuals who agreed to participate in the study were collected between august 2009 and july 2010, and immediately sent to the clinical laboratory of the centro universitário norte do esp ... | 2013 | 23740008 |
| intestinal parasitic infections in hiv infected and non-infected patients in a low hiv prevalence region, west-cameroon. | the magnitude of intestinal parasitic infection in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients requires careful consideration in the developing world where poor nutrition is associated with poor hygiene and several tropical diseases. however, there have been very few studies addressing this issue in cameroon. this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in hiv/aids patients in dschang -cameroon. stool and blood specimens from hiv/aids patients and control group ... | 2013 | 23451283 |
| [the distribution of intestinal parasites detected in the uludag university medical faculty hospital between 2009-2010]. | intestinal parasite infection is still an important public health problem. in this study, patients with various gastrointestinal system complaints presenting at various clinics of the uludag university medical faculty, between 2009-2010 were investigated for intestinal parasites. | 2012 | 22450916 |
| detection and differentiation of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar in clinical samples through pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. | amebiasis is one of the twenty major causes of disease in mexico; however, the diagnosis is difficult due to limitations of conventional microscopy-based techniques. in this study, we analyzed stool samples using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge) to differentiate between entamoeba histolytica (pathogenic) and e. dispar (non-pathogenic). the target for the pcr amplification was a small region (228 bp) of the adh112 gene selected to increase the sensitivi ... | 2017 | 28380216 |
| development of a thermostabilised triplex lamp assay with dry-reagent four target lateral flow dipstick for detection of entamoeba histolytica and non-pathogenic entamoeba spp. | this study highlighted the development of a four target nitrocellulose-based nucleic acid lateral flow immunoassay biosensor in a dry-reagent strip format for interpretation of double-labelled double-stranded amplicons from thermostabilised triplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. the dna biosensor contained two test lines which captured biotin and texas red labelled amplicons; a lamp internal amplification control line that captured digoxigenin labelled amplicon; and a chromatograp ... | 2017 | 28372729 |
| molecular diagnosis of entamoeba spp. versus microscopy in the great cairo. | amoebiasis is a human disease produced by entamoeba histolytica which causes widespread mortality and morbidity worldwide through diarrheal disease and abscess establishment in parenchymal tissues such as liver, lung, and brain. the true prevalence of infection is unknown for most areas of the world due to the difficulty to characterise entamoeba histolytica versus other non-pathogenic amoebas with identical morphology, as entamoeba dispar, and entamoeba moshkovskii. to overcome microscopy misid ... | 2017 | 28030342 |
| gene migration for re-emerging amebiasis in iran's northwest-iraq borders: a microevolutionary scale for reflecting epidemiological drift of entamoeba histolytica metapopulations. | in the microevolutionary scales of entamoeba isolates, the gene migration shows how entamoeba spp. has epidemiologically drifted among border countries. five hundred fecal samples were taken from patients suffering gastrointestinal disorders, abdominal pain, and diarrhea at saggez, northwest iran located within the border iraq country. following parasitological techniques, dna samples were extracted and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of 18s rrna region to identify entamoeba infecti ... | 2017 | 27761718 |
| prevalence of amoebiasis in a model research community and its confirmation using stool antigen elisa for entamoeba histolytica. | entamoeba histolytica (e. histolytica) produces an invasive disease called amoebiasis, which commonly produces diarrhea with or without blood in both children and adults, leading to high morbidity and mortality. entamoeba dispar (e. dispar) is a non invasive, non pathogenic organism. both entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar look alike on microscopy and therefore cannot be differentiated unless checked on elisa, pcr or other specific method. to calculate the actual prevalence of pathogenic ... | 2016 | 27731816 |
| entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar infection in mexican school children: genotyping and phylogenetic relationship. | this study aimed to determine the frequency of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar infection in school children in the community of tlaltizapan, in order to understand the dynamics of infection within the school and family spheres of this population. amoebiasis is an unsolved public health problem and an endemic disease in mexico. the incidence rate varies depending on the state; the most affected states show the highest numbers of new cases of amoebiasis per year. previously, we reported ... | 2016 | 27618874 |
| comparison of various methods in the diagnosis of entamoeba histolytica in stool and serum specimens. | entamoeba histolytica is indistinguishable from entamoeba dispar in direct microscopic examination. a definitive diagnosis of e. histolytica is important in terms of the treatment of the patient and to avoid unnecessary costs. this study's aim is to determine the prevalence of e. histolytica and to make a comparison of the different diagnostic tests in the patients specimens defined as e. histolytica/e. dispar infection. | 2016 | 27551176 |
| molecular detection of common intestinal parasites: a performance evaluation of the bd max™ enteric parasite panel. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of agreement of the bd max™ enteric parasite panel (epp) with microscopy for the detection of giardia duodenalis, cryptosporidium spp. and entamoeba histolytica in stool samples. a total of 372 stool samples (partly collected on the basis of positive microscopy and partly unselected, consecutive sample submitted for parasite investigation) were tested with epp according to manufacturer's instructions and also using microscopy according to stand ... | 2016 | 27394158 |
| evaluation of five commercial methods for the extraction and purification of dna from human faecal samples for downstream molecular detection of the enteric protozoan parasites cryptosporidium spp., giardia duodenalis, and entamoeba spp. | high quality, pure dna is required for ensuring reliable and reproducible results in molecular diagnosis applications. a number of in-house and commercial methods are available for the extraction and purification of genomic dna from faecal material, each one offering a specific combination of performance, cost-effectiveness, and easiness of use that should be conveniently evaluated in function of the pathogen of interest. in this comparative study the marketed kits qiaamp dna stool mini (qiagen) ... | 2016 | 27241828 |
| frequency and molecular characterisation of entamoeba histolytica, entamoeba dispar, entamoeba moshkovskii, and entamoeba hartmanni in the context of water scarcity in northeastern brazil. | this study aimed to estimate the frequency, associated factors, and molecular characterisation of entamoeba histolytica, entamoeba dispar, entamoeba moshkovskii, andentamoeba hartmanni infections. we performed a survey (n = 213 subjects) to obtain parasitological, sanitation, and sociodemographic data. faecal samples were processed through flotation and centrifugation methods.e. histolytica, e. dispar, e. moshkovskii, and e. hartmanni were identified by nested-polymerase chain reaction (pcr). th ... | 2016 | 26841049 |
| molecular prevalence of entamoeba histolytica/dispar infection among patients attending four health centres in north-west ethiopia. | the prevalence of amoebiasis is often overestimated owing to its epidemiological overlap with the non-pathogenic entamoeba dispar to provide evidence for this conjecture, a cross-sectional study was conducted from november 2013 to january 2015. a range of 180-200 µg of semi-solid and formed stools and 200 µl of diarrhoeic stool samples were used for dna extraction from microscopically e. histolytica/dispar positive samples using the qiaamp® dna stool mini kit according to manufacturers' instruct ... | 2017 | 26834117 |
| molecular epidemiology of amoebiasis: a cross-sectional study among north east indian population. | epidemiological studies carried out using culture or microscopy in most of the amoebiasis endemic developing countries, yielded confusing results since none of these could differentiate the pathogenic entamoeba histolytica from the non-pathogenic entamoeba dispar and entamoeba moshkovskii. the northeastern part of india is a hot spot of infection since the climatic conditions are most conducive for the infection and so far no systemic study has been carried out in this region. | 2015 | 26633890 |
| analysis of the bacterial diversity in liver abscess: differences between pyogenic and amebic abscesses. | several recent studies have demonstrated that virulence in entamoeba histolytica is triggered in the presence of both pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria species using in vitro and in vivo experimental animal models. in this study, we examined samples aspirated from abscess material obtained from patients who were clinically diagnosed with amebic liver abscess (ala) or pyogenic liver abscess (pla). to determine the diversity of bacterial species in the abscesses, we performed partial 16s rrna ... | 2016 | 26572872 |
| evaluation of factors affecting real-time pcr performance for diagnosis of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar in clinical stool samples. | although pcr offers the potential for sensitive detection of parasites there are several pitfalls for optimal performance, especially when dna is extracted from a complex sample material such as stool. with the aid of a sensitive inhibitor control in a duplex real-time pcr (qpcr) for identification of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar we have evaluated factors that influenced the performance of the qpcr and have suggested a rationale to be used in the analysis of clinical samples. pre-p ... | 2015 | 26296348 |
| cell-matrix interactions of entamoeba histolytica and e. dispar. a comparative study by electron-, atomic force- and confocal microscopy. | invasion of tissues by entamoeba histolytica is a multistep process that initiates with the adhesion of the parasite to target tissues. the recognition of the non-invasive entamoeba dispar as a distinct, but closely related protozoan species raised the question as to whether the lack of its pathogenic potential could be related to a weaker adhesion due to limited cytoskeleton restructuring capacity. we here compared the adhesion process of both amebas to fibronectin through scanning, transmissio ... | 2015 | 26231438 |
| intestinal amebae. | among the entamoeba species that infect humans, entamoeba histolytica causes diseases, entamoeba dispar is a harmless commensal, entamoeba moshkovskii seems to be a pathogen, and the pathogenicity of entamoeba bangladeshi remains to be investigated. species-specific detection needed for treatment decisions and for understanding the epidemiology and pathogenicity of these amebae. antigen-based detection methods are needed for e dispar, e moshkovskii, and e bangladeshi; and molecular diagnostic te ... | 2015 | 26004649 |
| maldi-tof mass spectrometry for the detection and differentiation of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar. | detection of entamoeba histolytica and its differentiation from entamoeba dispar is an important goal of the clinical parasitology laboratory. the aim of this study was the identification and differentiation of e. histolytica and e. dispar by maldi-tof ms, in order to evaluate the application of this technique in routine diagnostic practice. maldi-tof ms was applied to 3 amebic reference strains and to 14 strains isolated from feces that had been differentiated by molecular methods in our labora ... | 2015 | 25874612 |
| molecular detection of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar infection among wild rats in kuala lumpur, malaysia. | entamoeba histolytica infection is the third-greatest parasitic disease responsible for death in the world. wild rats harbouring e. histolytica can be the possible reservoir hosts for human amoebiasis. there were numerous studies on prevalence of intestinal parasites among wild rats in malaysia but none has reported e. histolytica. rats were captured from sentul and chow kit areas, kuala lumpur, malaysia. the preserved stool samples were used for microscopy examination and molecular analysis. ou ... | 2014 | 25776597 |
| application of multiplex pcr for detection and differentiation of entamoeba histolytica, entamoeba dispar and entamoeba moshkovskii. | entamoeba moshkovskii and e. dispar are impossible to differentiate microscopically from the pathogenic species e. histolytica. multiplex polymerase chain reaction (multiplex pcr) is a widespread molecular biology technique for amplification of multiple targets in a single pcr experiment. | 2017 | 25759727 |
| entamoeba dispar: could it be pathogenic. | amebiasis is a disease caused by the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica. this ameba can colonize the human intestine and persist as a commensal parasite, similar to entamoeba dispar, an ameba considered to be non-pathogenic. the similarities between e. histolytica and e. dispar make the latter an attractive model for studies aimed at clarifying the pathogenesis of amebiasis. however, in addition to being an interesting experimental model, this relative of e. histolytica remains poorly unde ... | 2017 | 25709947 |
| bioconjugated fluorescent silica nanoparticles for the rapid detection of entamoeba histolytica. | rapid detection of entamoeba histolytica based on fluorescent silica nanoparticle (fsnp) indirect immunofluorescence microscopy was evaluated. silica nanoparticles were synthesized using stöber's method, with their surface activated to covalently bind to, and immobilize, protein a. for biolabeling, fsnp was added to conjugated e. histolytica trophozoites with monoclonal anti-e. histolytica igg1 for microscopic observation of fluorescence. fluorescent silica nanoparticle sensitivity was determine ... | 2015 | 25697865 |
| entamoeba infections in different populations of dogs in an endemic area of lahore, pakistan. | entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite that affects humans and other primates all over the world. it is a common waterborne pathogen in endemic areas that have fecal oral transmission cycle. the aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence of e. histolytica and other entamoeba species cysts in three different dog populations. fecal samples from 600 dogs were collected and processed to detect entamoeba cysts using the triple fecal test (light microscopy) and fecal antigens of e. hi ... | 2015 | 25557213 |
| entamoeba bangladeshi: an insight. | molecular tools have the potential to differentiate microscopically similar gut micro-eukaryotes that may have significantly different relationships with the human host. using broad range entamoeba primers to amplify a section of the eukaryotic 18s small subunit ribosomal rna gene a novel member of the entamoeba family (entamoeba bangladeshi) has recently been identified. the goal of this review is to place this species in the context of what is already known about this genus and to discuss the ... | 2014 | 25250229 |
| laboratory methods of identification of entamoeba histolytica and its differentiation from look-alike entamoeba spp. | entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis, is a common parasitic cause of significant morbidity and mortality in the developing countries. hence, early detection and differentiation of pathogenic e. histolytica from nonpathogenic/commensal entamoeba spp (entamoeba dispar/entamoeba moshkovskii/entamoeba bangladeshi) plays a crucial role in clinical management of patients with amebiasis. most diagnostic tests currently available do not reliably differen ... | 2014 | 25250228 |
| prevalence of entamoeba histolytica/entamoeba dispar in the city of campina grande, in northeastern brazil. | there is a clear need to perform epidemiological studies to find the true prevalence of entamoeba histolytica around the world. the evaluation of this prevalence has been hindered by the existence of two different species which are morphologically identical, but genetically different, namely e. histolytica, which causes amebiasis, and e. dispar, which is non-pathogenic. in brazil, the e. dispar has been detected in communities in the southeastern (se) and northeastern (ne) regions with poor sani ... | 2015 | 25229229 |
| discrimination of entamoeba spp. in children with dysentery. | the present study was performed in order to differentiate e. histolytica and e. dispar in children from gorgan city, using a pcr method. | 2014 | 25120897 |
| erythrophagocytosis in entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar: a comparative study. | entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of human intestinal and liver amebiasis. the extraordinary phagocytic activity of e. histolytica trophozoites has been accepted as one of the virulence mechanisms responsible for their invasive capacity. the recognition of the noninvasive entamoeba dispar as a different species has raised the question as to whether the lack of pathogenic potential of this ameba correlates with a limited phagocytic capacity. we have therefore compared the process of er ... | 2014 | 25003123 |
| entamoeba dispar: a rare case of enteritis in a patient living in a nonendemic area. | entamoeba dispar, a common noninvasive parasite, is indistinguishable in its cysts and trophozoite forms from entamoeba histolytica, the cause of invasive amebiasis, by microscopy. to differentiate the two species seems to be a problem for laboratory diagnosis. recent experimental studies showed that e. dispar can be considered pathogenic too. we present a rare case of enteritis due to e. dispar. | 2014 | 24851190 |
| frequency of amoebiasis and other intestinal parasitoses in a settlement in ilhéus city, state of bahia, brazil. | this study evaluated the frequency of intestinal parasites, emphasizing the identification and differentiation of entamoeba spp. | 2014 | 24553799 |