| the transcriptional response of cryptococcus neoformans to ingestion by acanthamoeba castellanii and macrophages provides insights into the evolutionary adaptation to the mammalian host. | virulence of cryptococcus neoformans for mammals, and in particular its intracellular style, was proposed to emerge from evolutionary pressures on its natural environment by protozoan predation, which promoted the selection of strategies that allow intracellular survival in macrophages. in fact, acanthamoeba castellanii ingests yeast cells, which then can replicate intracellularly. in addition, most fungal factors needed to establish infection in the mammalian host are also important for surviva ... | 2013 | 23524994 |
| fragment-based whole cell screen delivers hits against m. tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria. | reactive multi-target 'fragment drugs' represent critical components of current tuberculosis regimens. these compounds, such as pyrazinamide, are old synthetic antimycobacterials that are activated inside mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli and are smaller than the usual drug-like, single-target molecules. based on the success of small 'dirty' drugs in the chemotherapy of tuberculosis, we suggested previously that fragment-based whole cell screens should be introduced in our current antimycobacte ... | 2016 | 27656168 |
| infection in southern chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: spectrum, drug resistance, outcomes, and risk factors. | to investigate the spectrum, antibiotic-resistant pattern, risk factors, and outcomes of infection in patients hospitalized with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle). | 2016 | 27307524 |
| infectious cause of death determination using minimally invasive autopsies in developing countries. | in developing countries, the knowledge of the microorganisms causing fatal infections is critical and could help designing and implementing more effective preventive interventions and treatment guidelines. we aimed to develop and validate protocols for microbiological analysis in post-mortem samples obtained during minimally invasive autopsy (mia) procedures and to assess their performance. thirty mias performed in adults at maputo central hospital in southern mozambique were included in the ana ... | 2016 | 26508103 |
| the influence of bacterial interaction on the virulence of cryptococcus neoformans. | microbes exist in complex communities in the environment. the interaction between fungi, such as the opportunistic pathogen cryptococcus neoformans, and antagonistic environmental bacteria, such as acinetobacter spp., may influence fungal evolution through the production of fungal defence mechanisms that inadvertently enhance fungal pathogenicity. such changes include alteration of biofilm formation and increased capsule production. the molecular mechanisms responsible for such changes, both fro ... | 2015 | 26364987 |
| fungal serotype-specific differences in bacterial-yeast interactions. | cryptococcus neoformans (cn) causes meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised individuals. this encapsulated fungus can be found interacting with environmental microbes in soil contaminated with pigeon excrement. cn survival within polymicrobial and other challenging communities has been shown to affect the evolution of its virulence factors. we compared the survival of 10 serotype a and d strains after interaction with the soil bacterium, acinetobacter baumannii (ab). although co-incubation with ... | 2015 | 26132337 |
| antiviral, antifungal and antibacterial activities of a bodipy-based photosensitizer. | antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (apdi) employing the bodipy-based photosensitizer 2,6-diiodo-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-(n-methyl-4-pyridyl)-4,4'-difluoro-boradiazaindacene (dimpy-bodipy) was explored in an in vitro assay against six species of bacteria (eight total strains), three species of yeast, and three viruses as a complementary approach to their current drug-based or non-existent treatments. our best results achieved a noteworthy 5-6 log unit reduction in cfu at 0.1 μm for staphylococ ... | 2015 | 26060922 |
| stable synthetic mono-substituted cationic bacteriochlorins mediate selective broad-spectrum photoinactivation of drug-resistant pathogens at nanomolar concentrations. | three stable synthetic mono-substituted cationic bacteriochlorins (bc37, bc38 and bc39) were recently reported to show exceptional activity (low nanomolar) in mediating photodynamic killing of human cancer cells after a 24h incubation upon excitation with near-infrared light (730 nm). the presence of cationic quaternary ammonium groups in each compound suggested likely activity as antimicrobial photosensitizers. herein this hypothesis was tested against a panel of pathogenic microorganisms that ... | 2014 | 25463659 |
| evaluation of the acetone and aqueous extracts of mature stem bark of sclerocarya birrea for antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. | we assayed the antimicrobial activity of acetone and aqueous extracts of the stem bark of sclerocarya birrea on some selected bacteria and fungi species including; streptococcus pyogenes, plesiomonas shigelloides, aeromonas hydrophila, salmonella typhimurium, cryptococcus neoformans, candida glabrata, trichosporon mucoides, and candida krusei using both agar well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) assays. based on the levels of activity, the acetone extract was examined for tot ... | 2012 | 22675390 |
| highly efficient transformation system for malassezia furfur and malassezia pachydermatis using agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. | malassezia spp. are part of the normal human and animal mycobiota but are also associated with a variety of dermatological diseases. the absence of a transformation system hampered studies to reveal mechanisms underlying the switch from the non-pathogenic to pathogenic life style. here we describe, a highly efficient agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation system for malassezia furfur and m. pachydermatis. a binary t-dna vector with the hygromycin b phosphotransferase (hpt) selection marke ... | 2017 | 28064034 |
| isolation of conditional mutations in genes essential for viability of cryptococcus neoformans. | discovering the genes underlying fundamental processes that enable cells to live and reproduce is a technical challenge, because loss of gene function in mutants results in organisms that cannot survive. this study describes a forward genetics method to identify essential genes in fungi, based on the propensity for agrobacterium tumefaciens to insert t-dna molecules into the promoters or 5' untranslated regions of genes and by placing a conditional promoter within the t-dna. insertions of the pr ... | 2016 | 27783209 |
| gwt1 encoding an inositol acyltransferase homolog is required for laccase repression and stress resistance in the basidiomycete cryptococcus neoformans. | the transcriptional expression of laccase, which has been confirmed to contribute to the virulence of cryptococcus neoformans, is often repressed by a high concentration of glucose in many fungi, including c. neoformans. the underlying mechanism of the repression remains largely unknown. in this study, we found that a gwt1 gene that encodes a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi) anchor biosynthesis-related protein is required for laccase repression by glucose in the basidiomycete c. neoformans. di ... | 2015 | 26410852 |
| rapid mapping of insertional mutations to probe cell wall regulation in cryptococcus neoformans. | random insertional mutagenesis screens are important tools in microbial genetics studies. investigators in fungal systems have used the plant pathogen agrobacterium tumefaciens to create tagged, random mutations for genetic screens in their fungal species of interest through a unique process of trans-kingdom cellular transconjugation. however, identifying the locations of insertion has traditionally required tedious pcr-based methods, limiting the effective throughput of this system. we have dev ... | 2015 | 26112692 |
| the role of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway in cryptococcus neoformans high temperature growth and virulence. | fungal infections are often difficult to treat due to the inherent similarities between fungal and animal cells and the resulting host toxicity from many antifungal compounds. cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans that causes life-threatening disease, primarily in immunocompromised patients. since antifungal therapy for this microorganism is limited, many investigators have explored novel drug targets aim at virulence factors, such as the ability to grow at mammal ... | 2014 | 25011011 |
| functional characterization of pmt2, encoding a protein-o-mannosyltransferase, in the human pathogen cryptococcus neoformans. | diazobenzoic acid b (dbb), also known as diazonium blue b or fast blue b, can be used to distinguish basidiomycetous yeasts from ascomycetes. this chemical has long been used for the taxonomic study of yeast species at the phylum level, but the mechanism underlying the dbb staining remains unknown. to identify molecular targets of dbb staining, we isolated agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated insertional mutants of cryptococcus neoformans, a basidiomycetous pathogenic yeast, which were negative to ... | 2014 | 24892554 |
| genetic circuits that govern bisexual and unisexual reproduction in cryptococcus neoformans. | cryptococcus neoformans is a human fungal pathogen with a defined sexual cycle. nutrient-limiting conditions and pheromones induce a dimorphic transition from unicellular yeast to multicellular hyphae and the production of infectious spores. sexual reproduction involves cells of either opposite (bisexual) or one (unisexual) mating type. bisexual and unisexual reproduction are governed by shared components of the conserved pheromone-sensing cpk1 mapk signal transduction cascade and by mat2, the m ... | 2013 | 23966871 |
| [agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt) for the screening for genes involved in laccase glucose repression in the pathogenic yeast cryptococcus neoformans]. | to identify genes in glucose repression of laccase in the human pathogen cryptococcus neoformans. | 2012 | 22489459 |
| sandpits as a reservoir of potentially pathogenic fungi for children. | fungi belonging to various physiological and morphological groups present in the environment are potential human pathogens. some of them are considered as emerging pathogens. therefore, their presence in children's playgrounds should be regarded as health risk factor. | 2016 | 28030920 |
| genetic and phenotypic analyses of calcineurin a subunit in arthroderma vanbreuseghemii. | calcineurin is a serine/threonine protein phosphatase that consists of catalytic (calcineurin a) and regulatory (calcineurin b) subunits. the conserved protein plays important roles in various biological processes. drug combination of fluconazole and the calcineurin inhibitor (fk506) showed synergistic effects against dermatophytes. in the current study, we identified the calcineurin a homologous gene (tmcana) in the dermatophyte arthroderma vanbreuseghemii (anamorph: trichophyton mentagrophytes ... | 2016 | 26483437 |
| dysbiosis of gut fungal microbiota is associated with mucosal inflammation in crohn's disease. | we aim to characterize the fungal microbiota in the intestinal mucosa and feces in patients with crohn's disease (cd). | 2014 | 24275714 |
| use of 18s ribosomal dna polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to study composition of fungal community in 2 patients with intestinal transplants. | fungi form a diverse microbial community in the human intestine. little is known about the succession of species after intestinal transplantation. we investigated the alterations of the gut fungal population in 2 patients with intestinal allografts. the ileal effluent and feces were fingerprinted using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, with confirmation by dna sequencing. analysis of 18s ribosomal dna indicated that the phylogenetic diversity of the fungal communities was higher soon afte ... | 2012 | 22305239 |
| antiproliferative effect and characterization of a novel antifungal peptide derived from human chromogranin a. | cga-n46 is a novel antifungal peptide derived from the n-terminus of human chromogranin a, corresponding to the 31st to 76th amino acids. further research on its activities and characteristics may be helpful for the application of cga-n46 in medical or other situations. in the present study, the antifungal spectrum and physicochemical characteristics of cga-n46 were investigated using an antifungal assay, its antiproliferative effects on cancer and normal cells were assessed using mtt assay and ... | 2015 | 26668630 |
| successful long-term management of invasive cerebral fungal infection following liver transplantation. | central nervous system (cns) infections after liver transplantation may be fungal in aetiology, with involvement from either common organisms such as cryptococcus neoformans and aspergillus spp. as well as less common organisms, such as the mucorales and scedosporium spp. although the mortality of cns fungal infections was nearly 100% in early series, more recent data has suggested that good outcomes can be achieved. this may be due to both improved diagnostic capabilities, such as the ability t ... | 2015 | 25590987 |
| maldi-tof mass spectrometry for rapid identification of clinical fungal isolates based on ribosomal protein biomarkers. | this study aimed to evaluate the identification of clinical fungal isolates (yeast and molds) by protein profiling using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof/ms). a total of 125 clinical fungal culture isolates (yeast and filamentous fungi) were collected. the test set included 88 yeast isolates (candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida guilliermondii, candida kefyr, candida krusei, candida parapsilosis, candida rugosa, candida tropicalis and ... | 2015 | 25541362 |
| antimicrobial applications of transition metal complexes of benzothiazole based terpolymer: synthesis, characterization, and effect on bacterial and fungal strains. | terpolymer of 2-amino-6-nitro-benzothiazole-ethylenediamine-formaldehyde (bef) has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and various spectral techniques like ftir, uv-visible, and (1)h and (13)c-nmr. the terpolymer metal complexes were prepared with cu(2+), ni(2+), and zn(2+) metal ions using bef terpolymer as a ligand. the complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis and ir, uv-visible, esr, (1)h-nmr, and (13)c-nmr spectral studies. gel permeation chromatography wa ... | 2014 | 25298760 |
| design, synthesis and evaluation of novel quinazoline-2,4-dione derivatives as chitin synthase inhibitors and antifungal agents. | a series of novel 1-methyl-3-substituted quinazoline-2,4-dione derivatives were designed, synthesized, and characterized by (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr and ms spectral data. their inhibition against chitin synthase (chs) and antifungal activities were evaluated in vitro. results showed compounds 5b, 5c, 5e, 5f, 5j, 5k, 5l, and 5o had strong inhibitory potency against chs. compound 5c, which has the highest potency among these compounds, had a half-inhibition concentration (ic50) of 0.08mmol/l, while pol ... | 2014 | 24856180 |
| a novel antifungal protein with lysozyme-like activity from seeds of clitoria ternatea. | an antifungal protein with a molecular mass of 14.3 kda was isolated from the seeds of butterfly pea (clitoria ternatea) and designated as ct protein. the antifungal protein was purified using different methods including ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose and gel filtration on sephadex g-50 column. ct protein formed a single colourless rod-shaped crystal by hanging drop method after 7 days of sample loading. the protein showed lytic activity against mi ... | 2014 | 24691882 |
| cyclic dipeptides from rhabditid entomopathogenic nematode-associated bacillus cereus have antimicrobial activities. | the cell free culture filtrate of bacillus cereus associated with an entomopathogenic nematode, rhabditis (oscheius) sp. exhibited strong antimicrobial activity. the ethyl acetate extract of the bacterial culture filtrate was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain four bioactive compounds. the structure and absolute stereochemistry of these compounds were determined based on extensive spectroscopic analyses (fabms, (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr, (1)h-(1)h cosy, (1)h-(13)c hmbc) and marfey' ... | 2014 | 23979826 |
| a novel amalgamation of 1,2,3-triazoles, piperidines and thieno pyridine rings and evaluation of their antifungal activity. | it is the first report of the novel amalgamation of 1,2,3-triazoles, piperidines, thieno pyridine rings and evaluation of their antifungal activity. the synthesized compounds showed interesting moderate to good antifungal activity, wherein they were able to discriminate between the two species aspergillus flavus and aspergillus niger of the same genus. in addition, the main highlight of this series is the sensitivity of the fungal strain cryptococcus neoformans to the compounds having p-chlorobe ... | 2013 | 23807083 |
| clinical experience in invasive fungal infections: multiple fungal infection as the first presentation of hiv. | fungal infections constitute an important cause of morbidity and mortality in hiv-infected patients. the authors describe the case of a 40-year-old healthy male patient with a 2-month history of fever, shivers, asthenia and anorexia, who had lost weight during the past 6 months. laboratory investigations revealed a positive hiv screening. computed tomography scans of the chest and abdomen showed thoracic and lumbo-aortic adenopathies. cryptococcus neoformans was isolated from cultures of blood, ... | 2013 | 23381983 |
| isolation of the volatile fraction from apium graveolens l. (apiaceae) by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and hydrodistillation: chemical composition and antifungal activity. | apium graveolens l. (wild celery), belonging to the family of apiaceae, is a scaposus hemicryptophyte. instead, the cultivate plant is an annual or biennial herb widely used as a spice and seasoning in food. a broad range of biological activities have been attributed to a. graveolens. these include antimicrobial activity, larvicidal activity, hepatoprotective activity, nematicidal and mosquito repellent potential and antihyperlipidaemic properties.in this study, the authors compare the compositi ... | 2013 | 22974401 |
| [establishment of real-time pcr and loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detecting cryptococcus neoformans cap10 gene]. | to establish real-time pcr and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) systems for detecting cryptococcus neoformans cap10 gene. | 2012 | 22699061 |
| essential oil of juniperus communis subsp. alpina (suter) čelak needles: chemical composition, antifungal activity and cytotoxicity. | essential oils are known to possess antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of bacteria and fungi. in the present work the composition and the antifungal activity of the oils of juniperus communis subsp. alpina (suter) čelak were evaluated. moreover, the skin cytotoxicity, at concentrations showing significant antifungal activity, was also evaluated. the oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. minimal inhibitory ... | 2012 | 22294341 |
| comparative microbiological activities of ethanolic extracts of roots and aerial parts of achyranthes aspera linn. | ethanolic extract of roots and aerial parts of achyranthes aspera was investigated for its antibacterial activity against bacillus subtilis, bacillus pumilus, and proteus vulgaris and anti fungal activity against cryptococcus neoformans, aspergillus flavus at 100 mg/disc using diffusion method. the comparative studies shown that ethanolic extract of roots and aerial parts of achyranthes aspera have exhibited moderately equal action when compared to cotrimoxazole (30 mg/disc) for antibacterial an ... | 2003 | 22557101 |
| central role of the trehalose biosynthesis pathway in the pathogenesis of human fungal infections: opportunities and challenges for therapeutic development. | invasive fungal infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in part due to a limited antifungal drug arsenal. one therapeutic challenge faced by clinicians is the significant host toxicity associated with antifungal drugs. another challenge is the fungistatic mechanism of action of some drugs. consequently, the identification of fungus-specific drug targets essential for fitness in vivo remains a significant goal of medical mycology research. the trehalose biosynthetic pathway is found ... | 2017 | 28298477 |
| in vitro and in vivo antifungal profile of a novel and long acting inhaled azole, pc945, on aspergillus fumigatus infection. | the profile of pc945, a novel triazole antifungal, designed for administration via inhalation, has been assessed in a range of in vitro and in vivo studies. pc945 was characterized as a potent, tight-binding inhibitor of aspergillus fumigatus sterol 14α-demethylase (cyp51a and cyp51b) activity (ic50, 0.23 μm and 0.22 μm, respectively), with characteristic type ii azole binding spectra. against 96 clinically isolated a. fumigatus strains, the mic values of pc945 ranged from 0.032∼>8 μg/ml, whilst ... | 2017 | 28223388 |
| iron acquisition in fungal pathogens of humans. | the devastating infections that fungal pathogens cause in humans are underappreciated relative to viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases. in recent years, the contributions to virulence of reductive iron uptake, siderophore-mediated uptake and heme acquisition have been identified in the best studied and most life-threatening fungal pathogens: candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans and aspergillus fumigatus. in particular, exciting new work illustrates the importance of iron acquisition from ... | 2017 | 28217776 |
| ram1 gene, encoding a subunit of farnesyltransferase, contributes to growth, antifungal susceptibility to amphotericin b of aspergillus fumigatus. | | 2017 | 28159997 |
| broad spectrum anti-infective properties of benzisothiazolones and the parallels in their anti-bacterial and anti-fungal effects. | various mono- and bis-benzisothiazolone derivatives were synthesized and screened against different strains of bacteria and fungi in order to understand the effect of multiple electrophilic sulfur atoms and substitution pattern in the immediate vicinity of reactive sulfur. staphyllococcus aureus-atcc 7000699, mrsa and s. aureus-atcc 29213 (quality control strain) were more susceptible to this class of compounds, and the most potent derivative 1.15 had mic50 of 0.4μg/ml (cf. gentamicin=0.78μg/ml) ... | 2017 | 28159413 |
| activity of a long-acting echinocandin (cd101) and seven comparator antifungal agents tested against a global collection of contemporary invasive fungal isolates in the sentry 2014 antifungal surveillance program. | the activity of cd101 and comparator antifungal agents against 606 invasive fungal isolates collected worldwide during 2014 was evaluated using the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) method. all candida albicans (n = 251), candida tropicalis (n = 51), candida krusei (n = 16), and candida dubliniensis (n = 11) isolates were inhibited by ≤0.12 μg/ml of cd101 and were susceptible or showed wild-type susceptibility to the other echinocandins tested. five c. glabrata isolates (n = 100 ... | 2017 | 28052853 |
| expression and characterization of a talaromyces marneffei active phospholipase b expressed in a pichia pastoris expression system. | phospholipase b is a virulence factor for several clinically important pathogenic fungi, including candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans and aspergillus fumigatus, but its role in the thermally dimorphic fungus talaromyces marneffei remains unclear. here, we provide the first report of the expression of a novel phospholipase gene, designated tmplb1, from t. marneffei in the eukaryotic expression system of pichia pastoris gs115. sensitive real-time quantitative reverse-transcription pcr (qrt- ... | 2016 | 27876784 |
| nimesulide inhibits pathogenic fungi: pge2-dependent mechanisms. | certain non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can inhibit fungal growth, fungal prostaglandin e2 production, and enzyme activation. this study aims to investigate the antifungal effect of nimesulide against pathogenic filamentous fungi and yeast. the experiments detailed below were also designed to investigate whether the action is dependent on e2 fungal prostaglandins. our data showed that nimesulide exhibited potent antifungal activity, mainly against trichophyton mentagrophytes (atcc 9533) an ... | 2017 | 27866353 |
| role of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) in immune responses to fungal infections. | recent years have seen the rise of invasive fungal infections, which are mostly due to the increase in patients. three major opportunistic fungal species in human are aspergillus fumigatus, candida albicans, and cryptococcus neoformans that pose the biggest concern for these immunocompromised patients' mortality. the growing occurrence of opportunistic fungal infections has sparked the interest to understand defense mechanisms against pathogenic fungi. toll-like receptors (tlrs), as a part of in ... | 2016 | 27851904 |
| transcriptional control of drug resistance, virulence and immune system evasion in pathogenic fungi: a cross-species comparison. | transcription factors are key players in the control of the activation or repression of gene expression programs in response to environmental stimuli. the study of regulatory networks taking place in fungal pathogens is a promising research topic that can help in the fight against these pathogens by targeting specific fungal pathways as a whole, instead of targeting more specific effectors of virulence or drug resistance. this review is focused on the analysis of regulatory networks playing a ce ... | 2016 | 27812511 |
| antifungal drugs: the current armamentarium and development of new agents. | invasive fungal infections are becoming an increasingly important cause of human mortality and morbidity, particularly for immunocompromised populations. the fungal pathogens candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, and aspergillus fumigatus collectively contribute to over 1 million human deaths annually. hence, the importance of safe and effective antifungal therapeutics for the practice of modern medicine has never been greater. given that fungi are eukaryotes like their human host, the numb ... | 2016 | 27763259 |
| antifungal activity of plasmacytoid dendritic cells against cryptococcus neoformans in vitro requires expression of dectin-3 (clec4d) and reactive oxygen species. | conventional dendritic cells (cdcs) are critical for protection against pulmonary infection with the opportunistic fungal pathogen cryptococcus neoformans; however, the role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pdcs) is unknown. we show for the first time that murine pdcs have direct activity against c. neoformans via reactive oxygen species (ros), a mechanism different from that employed to control aspergillus fumigatus infections. the anticryptococcal activity of murine pdcs is independent of opso ... | 2016 | 27324480 |
| candidacidal activity of selected ceragenins and human cathelicidin ll-37 in experimental settings mimicking infection sites. | fungal infections, especially those caused by antibiotic resistant pathogens, have become a serious public health problem due to the growing number of immunocompromised patients, including those subjected to anticancer treatment or suffering from hiv infection. in this study we assessed fungicidal activity of the ceragenins csa-13, csa-131 and csa-192 against four fluconazole-resistant candida strains. we found that ceragenins activity against planktonic candida cells was higher than activity of ... | 2016 | 27315208 |
| antimicrobial activity of new 2-thioxo-benzo[g]quinazolin-4(3h)-one derivatives. | the antimicrobial activity of a synthesized series of 28 2-thioxo-benzo[g]quinazolin-4(3h)-one derivatives was evaluated in vitro against five gram-positive bacteria, including bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis and streptococcus pyogenes. the antibacterial activity was extended to include five gram-negative bacteria: pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, klebsiella oxytoca and enterobacter cloacae. furthermore, the ... | 2016 | 27306606 |
| the extracellular matrix of fungal biofilms. | a key feature of biofilms is their production of an extracellular matrix. this material covers the biofilm cells, providing a protective barrier to the surrounding environment. during an infection setting, this can include such offenses as host cells and products of the immune system as well as drugs used for treatment. studies over the past two decades have revealed the matrix from different biofilm species to be as diverse as the microbes themselves. this chapter will review the composition an ... | 2016 | 27271680 |
| ultrasound- and molecular sieves-assisted synthesis, molecular docking and antifungal evaluation of 5-(4-(benzyloxy)-substituted phenyl)-3-((phenylamino)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3h)-thiones. | a novel series of 5-(4-(benzyloxy)substituted phenyl)-3-((phenyl amino)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3h)-thione mannich bases 6a-o were synthesized in good yield from the key compound 5-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3h)-thione by aminomethylation with paraformaldehyde and substituted amines using molecular sieves and sonication as green chemistry tools. the antifungal activity of the new products was evaluated against seven human pathogenic fungal strains, namely, candida albicans atcc 2 ... | 2016 | 27171073 |
| cell wall integrity signalling in human pathogenic fungi. | fungi are surrounded by a rigid structure, the fungal cell wall. its plasticity and composition depend on active regulation of the underlying biosynthesis and restructuring processes. this involves specialised signalling pathways that control gene expression and activities of biosynthetic enzymes. the cell wall integrity (cwi) pathway is the central signalling cascade required for the adaptation to a wide spectrum of cell wall perturbing conditions, including heat, oxidative stress and antifunga ... | 2016 | 27155139 |
| antimicrobial activity of synthesized 2-methylthiobenzo[g][1,2,4]- triazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline derivatives. | the present study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a synthesized 2-methylthio-benzo[g][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5- a]quinazoline series. the compounds (1-21) were tested against a variety of gram-positive bacterial species including bacillus subtilis (rcmb 01001 69-3), enterococcus faecalis (rcmb 0100154-2), staphylococcus aureus (rcmb 0100183-9), staphylococcus epidermidis (rcmb 0100183-9) and streptococcus pyogenes (rcmb 0100172-5). in addition, gram-negative bacteria were als ... | 2016 | 27140181 |
| antifungal susceptibility patterns of a global collection of fungal isolates: results of the sentry antifungal surveillance program (2013). | among 1846 fungal clinical isolates from 31 countries, echinocandin resistance in candida spp. ranged from 0.0% to 2.8% (highest for anidulafungin versus candida glabrata), and fluconazole resistance was noted among 11.9% and 11.6% of the c. glabrata and candida tropicalis, respectively. two isolates of aspergillus fumigatus displayed elevated mics for itraconazole and carried cyp51a mutations encoding tr34 l98h. all cryptococcus neoformans had azole mic values below epidemiological cutoff value ... | 2016 | 27061369 |
| synthesis of newer 1,2,3-triazole linked chalcone and flavone hybrid compounds and evaluation of their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. | the present study was carried out in an attempt to synthesize a new class of antimicrobial and antiplasmodial agents by copper catalyzed click chemistry to afford 25 compounds 10-14(a-e) of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole derivatives of chalcones and flavones. the structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established by elemental analysis, ir, (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr and mass spectral data. the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against gram positiv ... | 2016 | 26922227 |
| human fungal pathogens: why should we learn? | human fungal pathogens that cause invasive infections are hidden killers, taking lives of one and a half million people every year. however, research progress in this field has not been rapid enough to effectively prevent or treat life-threatening fungal diseases. to update recent research progress and promote more active research in the field of human fungal pathogens, eleven review articles concerning the virulence mechanisms and host interactions of four major human fungal pathogens-candida a ... | 2016 | 26920875 |
| a novel inhibition elisa for the detection and monitoring of penicillium marneffei antigen in human serum. | the thermally dimorphic fungus penicillium marneffei is a causative agent of penicilliosis marneffei, a disease considered to be an acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids)-defining illness in southeast asia and southern china. we have developed an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (inh-elisa) incorporating the yeast phase specific mannoprotein-binding monoclonal antibody 4d1 for the detection of p. marneffei infection. in our sample set, the test detected antigenemia in all 45 (100 ... | 2016 | 26838686 |
| cytotoxic and antifungal constituents isolated from the metabolites of endophytic fungus do14 from dendrobium officinale. | two novel cytotoxic and antifungal constituents, (4s,6s)-6-[(1s,2r)-1, 2-dihydroxybutyl]-4-hydroxy-4-methoxytetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-one (1), (6s,2e)-6-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-oxodec-2-enoic acid (2), together with three known compounds, ll-p880γ (3), ll-p880α (4), and ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3b-ol (5) were isolated from the metabolites of endophytic fungi from dendrobium officinale. the chemical structures were determined based on spectroscopic methods. all the isolated compounds 1-5 were evaluated by cy ... | 2015 | 26703552 |
| the toxicity of a novel antifungal compound is modulated by endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation components. | in a search for new antifungal compounds, we screened a library of 4,454 chemicals for toxicity against the human fungal pathogen aspergillus fumigatus. we identified sr7575, a molecule that inhibits growth of the evolutionary distant fungi a. fumigatus, cryptococcus neoformans, candida albicans, and saccharomyces cerevisiae but lacks acute toxicity for mammalian cells. to gain insight into the mode of inhibition, sr7575 was screened against 4,885 s. cerevisiae mutants from the systematic collec ... | 2015 | 26666917 |
| pathogen gene expression profiling during infection using a nanostring ncounter platform. | nanostring ncounter is a recently developed platform that can make direct multiplexed measurement of gene expression using color-coded probe pairs (geiss et al., nat biotechnol 26(3):317-325, 2008; malkov et al., bmc res notes 2:80, 2009). we have found that this platform is uniquely suitable for quantification of pathogen gene expression during infection, where pathogen rna comprises a tiny portion of total rna isolated from the infected tissue. here, we describe a protocol that we have success ... | 2016 | 26483015 |
| interferon-γ promotes phagocytosis of cryptococcus neoformans but not cryptococcus gattii by murine macrophages. | among invasive fungal infections, cryptococcosis caused by inhalation of cryptococcus neoformans or cryptococcus gattii is particularly dangerous because it can disseminate to the central nervous system and cause life-threatening meningitis or meningoencephalitis. previous reports described significant differences in the histopathological features of c. neoformans and c. gattii infection, such as greater pathogen proliferation and a limited macrophage response in mouse lung infected by c. gattii ... | 2015 | 26477011 |
| aspergillus fumigatus cap59-like protein a is involved in α1,3-mannosylation of gpi-anchors. | glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi) attaches a variety of eukaryotic proteins to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. in fungi, these proteins may also be transferred to the cell wall, to which they are covalently linked via a remnant of the gpi-anchor. they play crucial physiological roles in cell-cell interactions, adhesion or cell wall biogenesis. the biosynthesis of gpi-anchors in the endoplasmic reticulum, their transfer to proteins, early remodelling and transport to the golgi apparatu ... | 2016 | 26369907 |
| cell wall proteome of pathogenic fungi. | a fast development of a wide variety of proteomic techniques supported by mass spectrometry coupled with high performance liquid chromatography has been observed in recent years. it significantly contributes to the progress in research on the cell wall, very important part of the cells of pathogenic fungi. this complicated structure composed of different polysaccharides, proteins, lipids and melanin, plays a key role in interactions with the host during infection. changes in the set of the surfa ... | 2015 | 26192771 |
| coccidioides endospores and spherules draw strong chemotactic, adhesive, and phagocytic responses by individual human neutrophils. | coccidioides spp. are dimorphic pathogenic fungi whose parasitic forms cause coccidioidomycosis (valley fever) in mammalian hosts. we use an innovative interdisciplinary approach to analyze one-on-one encounters between human neutrophils and two forms of coccidioides posadasii. to examine the mechanisms by which the innate immune system coordinates different stages of the host response to fungal pathogens, we dissect the immune-cell response into chemotaxis, adhesion, and phagocytosis. our singl ... | 2015 | 26070210 |
| the aspergillus fumigatus septins play pleiotropic roles in septation, conidiation, and cell wall stress, but are dispensable for virulence. | septins are a conserved family of gtpases that regulate important cellular processes such as cell wall integrity, and septation in fungi. the requirement of septins for virulence has been demonstrated in the human pathogenic yeasts candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans, as well as the plant pathogen magnaporthe oryzae. aspergillus spp. contains five genes encoding for septins (aspa-e). while the importance of septins aspa, aspb, aspc, and aspe for growth and conidiation has been elucidate ... | 2015 | 26051489 |
| lysophospholipids from the guangxi sponge spirastrella purpurea. | four known (1-4) and two new (5 and 6) lysophospholipids were isolated from the sponge spirastrella purpurea from weizhou island, guangxi autonomous region, china. the structures of the new compounds (5 and 6) were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic techniques, including 1d and 2d nmr ((1)h and (13)c nmr, (1)h-(1)h cosy, hsqc, and hmbc) as well as mass spectrometry and optical rotation experiments. the known compounds (1-4) were identified by comparison of their spectroscopic data and specific ... | 2015 | 26037518 |
| antifungal susceptibilities of candida, cryptococcus neoformans and aspergillus fumigatus from the asia and western pacific region: data from the sentry antifungal surveillance program (2010-2012). | the sentry antifungal surveillance program monitors global susceptibility rates of newer and established antifungal agents. we report the in vitro activity of seven antifungal agents against 496 contemporary clinical isolates of yeasts and molds. the isolates were obtained from 20 laboratories in the asia-western pacific (apac) region during 2010 through 2012. anidulafungin, caspofungin, micafungin, fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole and voriconazole were susceptibility tested using clsi me ... | 2015 | 25899126 |
| azole drug import into the pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus. | the fungal pathogen aspergillus fumigatus causes serious illness and often death when it invades tissues, especially in immunocompromised individuals. the azole class of drugs is the most commonly prescribed treatment for many fungal infections and acts on the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. one common mechanism of acquired azole drug resistance in fungi is the prevention of drug accumulation to toxic levels in the cell. while drug efflux is a well-known resistance strategy, reduced azole impor ... | 2015 | 25824209 |
| biomarker-based classification of bacterial and fungal whole-blood infections in a genome-wide expression study. | sepsis is a clinical syndrome that can be caused by bacteria or fungi. early knowledge on the nature of the causative agent is a prerequisite for targeted anti-microbial therapy. besides currently used detection methods like blood culture and pcr-based assays, the analysis of the transcriptional response of the host to infecting organisms holds great promise. in this study, we aim to examine the transcriptional footprint of infections caused by the bacterial pathogens staphylococcus aureus and e ... | 2015 | 25814982 |
| chitin recognition via chitotriosidase promotes pathologic type-2 helper t cell responses to cryptococcal infection. | pulmonary mycoses are often associated with type-2 helper t (th2) cell responses. however, mechanisms of th2 cell accumulation are multifactorial and incompletely known. to investigate th2 cell responses to pulmonary fungal infection, we developed a peptide-mhcii tetramer to track antigen-specific cd4+ t cells produced in response to infection with the fungal pathogen cryptococcus neoformans. we noted massive accruement of pathologic cryptococcal antigen-specific th2 cells in the lungs following ... | 2015 | 25764512 |
| the apses family proteins in fungi: characterizations, evolution and functions. | the apses protein family belongs to transcriptional factors of the basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) class, the originally described members (apses: asm1p, phd1p, sok2p, efg1p and stuap) are used to designate this group of proteins, and they have been identified as key regulators of fungal development and other biological processes. apses proteins share a highly conserved dna-binding domain (apses domain) of about 100 amino acids, whose central domain is predicted to form a typical bhlh structure. b ... | 2015 | 25534868 |
| cryptococcus neoformans yap1 is required for normal fluconazole and oxidative stress resistance. | cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogen that is the most common cause of fungal meningitis. as with most fungal pathogens, the most prevalent clinical antifungal used to treat cryptococcosis is orally administered fluconazole. resistance to this antifungal is an increasing concern in treatment of fungal disease in general. our knowledge of the specific determinants involved in fluconazole resistance in cryptococcus is limited. here we report the identification of an important genetic determinant o ... | 2015 | 25445311 |
| some strychnos spinosa (loganiaceae) leaf extracts and fractions have good antimicrobial activities and low cytotoxicities. | strychnos spinosa lam. is a deciduous tree used in traditional medicine to treat infectious diseases. this study is designed to determine the antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of extracts and fractions from leaves of s. spinosa. | 2014 | 25428165 |
| fungal pathogens: survival and replication within macrophages. | the innate immune system is a critical line of defense against pathogenic fungi. macrophages act at an early stage of infection, detecting and phagocytizing infectious propagules. to avoid killing at this stage, fungal pathogens use diverse strategies ranging from evasion of uptake to intracellular parasitism. this article will discuss five of the most important human fungal pathogens (candida albicans, aspergillus fumigatus, cryptococcus neoformans, coccidiodes immitis, and histoplasma capsulat ... | 2014 | 25384769 |
| possible mechanism of antifungal phenazine-1-carboxamide from pseudomonas sp. against dimorphic fungi benjaminiella poitrasii and human pathogen candida albicans. | investigation of antifungal mechanism of phenazine 1-carboxamide (pc) produced by a pseudomonas strain mcc2142. | 2015 | 25348290 |
| antimicrobial activity, toxicity and selectivity index of two biflavonoids and a flavone isolated from podocarpus henkelii (podocarpaceae) leaves. | different parts of podocarpus henkelii have been used in many cultures around the world to treat ailments such as cholera, stomach diseases, rheumatism, cancer, canine distemper in dogs and gall sickness in cattle. the aim of this study was to evaluate the biological activity and toxicity of isolated compounds from podocarpus henkelii after an earlier study indicated a promising activity in crude extracts against viral pathogens of veterinary importance. | 2014 | 25293523 |
| synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamidrazones. | a mild and simple method was developed to prepare a series of fifteen 5-aminoimidazole 4-carboxamidrazones, starting from the easily accessible 5-amino-4-cyanoformimidoyl imidazoles. the antimicrobial activity of these novel amidrazones was screened against gram positive (staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria and candida sp. (candida albicans, candida krusei, candida parapsilosis). only a subset of compounds displayed fair-moderate activity ... | 2014 | 25193230 |
| acapsular cryptococcus neoformans activates the nlrp3 inflammasome. | cryptococcus neoformans (c. neoformans) is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that mainly infects immunocompromised individuals such as aids patients. although cell surface receptors for recognition of c. neoformans have been studies intensively, cytoplasmic recognition of this pathogen remains unclear. as an important detector of pathogen infection, inflammasome can sense and get activated by infection of various pathogens, including pathogenic fungi such as candida albicans and aspergillus fumig ... | 2014 | 25193031 |
| scaffold hopping of sampangine: discovery of potent antifungal lead compound against aspergillus fumigatus and cryptococcus neoformans. | discovery of novel antifungal agents against aspergillus fumigatus and cryptococcus neoformans remains a significant challenge in current antifungal therapy. herein the antifungal natural product sampangine was used as the lead compound for novel antifungal drug discovery. a series of d-ring scaffold hopping derivatives were designed and synthesized to improve antifungal activity and water solubility. among them, the thiophene derivative s2 showed broad-spectrum antifungal activity, particularly ... | 2014 | 25115626 |
| sexual reproduction of human fungal pathogens. | we review here recent advances in our understanding of sexual reproduction in fungal pathogens that commonly infect humans, including candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans/gattii, and aspergillus fumigatus. where appropriate or relevant, we introduce findings on other species associated with human infections. in particular, we focus on rapid advances involving genetic, genomic, and population genetic approaches that have reshaped our view of how fungal pathogens evolve. rather than being ase ... | 2014 | 25085958 |
| sporadic distribution of prion-forming ability of sup35p from yeasts and fungi. | sup35p of saccharomyces cerevisiae can form the [psi+] prion, an infectious amyloid in which the protein is largely inactive. the part of sup35p that forms the amyloid is the region normally involved in control of mrna turnover. the formation of [psi+] by sup35p's from other yeasts has been interpreted to imply that the prion-forming ability of sup35p is conserved in evolution, and thus of survival/fitness/evolutionary value to these organisms. we surveyed a larger number of yeast and fungal spe ... | 2014 | 25081567 |
| mfs multidrug transporters in pathogenic fungi: do they have real clinical impact? | infections caused by opportunistic fungal pathogens have reached concerning numbers due to the increase of the immunocrompromised human population and to the development of antifungal resistance. this resistance is often attributed to the action of multidrug efflux pumps, belonging to the atp-binding cassette (abc) superfamily and the major facilitator superfamily (mfs). although many studies have focused on the role of abc multidrug efflux transporters, little is still known on the part played ... | 2014 | 24904431 |
| elucidating drug resistance in human fungal pathogens. | fungal pathogens cause life-threatening infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. millions of people die each year due to fungal infections, comparable to the mortality attributable to tuberculosis or malaria. the three most prevalent fungal pathogens are candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans and aspergillus fumigatus. fungi are eukaryotes like their human host, making it challenging to identify fungal-specific therapeutics. there is a limited repertoire of antifungals ... | 2014 | 24810351 |
| a seco-laurane sesquiterpene and related laurane derivatives from the red alga laurencia okamurai yamada. | a ring-cleaved sesquiterpene, named seco-laurokamurone, four laurane-type sesquiterpenes, laurepoxyene, 3β-hydroperoxyaplysin, 3α-hydroperoxy-3-epiaplysin, and 8,10-dibromoisoaplysin, one laurokamurane-type sesquiterpene, laurokamurene d, and one bisabolane-type sesquiterpene, (5s)-5-acetoxy-β-bisabolene, have been isolated from a re-collection of the red alga laurencia okamurai yamada, together with six other known sesquiterpenes. their structures, including relative configuration, were elucida ... | 2014 | 24731260 |
| structure-activity relationships among antifungal nylon-3 polymers: identification of materials active against drug-resistant strains of candida albicans. | fungal infections are a major challenge to human health that is heightened by pathogen resistance to current therapeutic agents. previously, we were inspired by host-defense peptides to develop nylon-3 polymers (poly-β-peptides) that are toxic toward the fungal pathogen candida albicans but exert little effect on mammalian cells. based on subsequent analysis of structure-activity relationships among antifungal nylon-3 polymers, we have now identified readily prepared cationic homopolymers active ... | 2014 | 24606327 |
| isolation of a new broad spectrum antifungal polyene from streptomyces sp. mtcc 5680. | a new polyene macrolide antibiotic pn00053 was isolated from the fermentation broth of streptomyces sp. wild-type strain mtcc-5680. the producer strain was isolated from fertile mountain soil of naldehra region, himachal pradesh, india. the compound pn00053 was purified through various steps of chromatographic techniques and bio-activity guided fractionation followed by its characterization using physiochemical properties, spectral data ((1) h-nmr, (13) c-nmr, hmbc, hsqc, and cosy) and ms analys ... | 2014 | 24517845 |
| inhibition of nucleotide biosynthesis potentiates the antifungal activity of amphotericin b. | the polyene antifungal agent amphotericin b exhibits potent and broad spectrum fungicidal activity. however, high nephrotoxicity can hinder its administration in resource poor settings. quantification of early fungicidal activity in studies of hiv patients with cryptococcosis demonstrate that 5-fluorocytosine therapy in combination with amphotericin b results in faster clearance than with amphotericin b alone. in vitro synergy between the two drugs has also been reported but the mechanism by whi ... | 2014 | 24498052 |
| ph signaling in human fungal pathogens: a new target for antifungal strategies. | fungi are exposed to broadly fluctuating environmental conditions, to which adaptation is crucial for their survival. an ability to respond to a wide ph range, in particular, allows them to cope with rapid changes in their extracellular settings. pacc/rim signaling elicits the primary ph response in both model and pathogenic fungi and has been studied in multiple fungal species. in the predominant human pathogenic fungi, namely, candida albicans, aspergillus fumigatus, and cryptococcus neoforman ... | 2014 | 24442891 |
| hsp90-dependent regulatory circuitry controlling temperature-dependent fungal development and virulence. | the pathogenic fungi candida albicans, aspergillus fumigatus, and cryptococcus neoformans are an increasing cause of human mortality, especially in immunocompromised populations. during colonization and adaptation to various host environments, these fungi undergo morphogenetic alterations that allow for survival within the host. one key environmental cue driving morphological changes is external temperature. the hsp90 chaperone protein provides one mechanism to link temperature with the signalli ... | 2014 | 24438186 |
| reactive oxygen species-inducing antifungal agents and their activity against fungal biofilms. | invasive fungal infections are associated with very high mortality rates ranging from 20-90% for opportunistic fungal pathogens such as candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans and aspergillus fumigatus. fungal resistance to antimycotic treatment can be genotypic (due to resistant strains) as well as phenotypic (due to more resistant fungal lifestyles, such as biofilms). with regard to the latter, biofilms are considered to be critical in the development of invasive fungal infections. however, ... | 2014 | 24358949 |
| highlights in pathogenic fungal biofilms. | a wide variety of fungi have demonstrated the ability to colonize surfaces and form biofilms. most studies on fungal biofilms have focused on candida albicans and more recently, several authors have reported the involvement of other genera of yeasts and candida species, as well as of filamentous fungi in the formation of biofilms, including: cryptococcus neoformans, cryptococcus gattii, rhodotorula species, aspergillus fumigatus, malassezia pachydermatis, histoplasma capsulatum, paracoccidioides ... | 2014 | 24252828 |
| human natural killer cells acting as phagocytes against candida albicans and mounting an inflammatory response that modulates neutrophil antifungal activity. | natural killer (nk) cells are innate lymphocytes with potent cytotoxic activity. whereas activity of nk cells has been demonstrated against the fungal pathogens aspergillus fumigatus and cryptococcus neoformans, little was known about their interaction with candida albicans. | 2014 | 24163416 |
| genomic identification of potential targets unique to candida albicans for the discovery of antifungal agents. | despite of modern antifungal therapy, the mortality rates of invasive infection with human fungal pathogen candida albicans are up to 40%. studies suggest that drug resistance in the three most common species of human fungal pathogens viz., c. albicans, aspergillus fumigatus (causing mortality rate up to 90%) and cryptococcus neoformans (causing mortality rate up to 70%) is due to mutations in the target enzymes or high expression of drug transporter genes. drug resistance in human fungal pathog ... | 2014 | 24102473 |
| antifungal dimeric chalcone derivative kamalachalcone e from mallotus philippinensis. | from the red coloured extract (kamala) prepared through acetone extraction of the fresh whole uncrushed fruits of mallotus philippinensis, one new dimeric chalcone (1) along with three known compounds 1-(5,7-dihydroxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-2h-1-benzopyran-8-yl)-3-phenyl-2-propen-1-one (2), rottlerin (3) and 4'-hydroxyrottlerin (4) were isolated. the structure of compound 1 was elucidated by 1d and 2d nmr analyses that included hsqc, hmbc, cosy and roesy experiments along with the literature comparison ... | 2014 | 24099509 |
| phosphorylation of calcineurin at a novel serine-proline rich region orchestrates hyphal growth and virulence in aspergillus fumigatus. | the fungus aspergillus fumigatus is a leading infectious killer in immunocompromised patients. calcineurin, a calmodulin (cam)-dependent protein phosphatase comprised of calcineurin a (cnaa) and calcineurin b (cnab) subunits, localizes at the hyphal tips and septa to direct a. fumigatus invasion and virulence. here we identified a novel serine-proline rich region (sprr) located between two conserved cnaa domains, the cnab-binding helix and the cam-binding domain, that is evolutionarily conserved ... | 2013 | 23990785 |
| gβ-like cpcb plays a crucial role for growth and development of aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus fumigatus. | growth, development, virulence and secondary metabolism in fungi are governed by heterotrimeric g proteins (g proteins). a gβ-like protein called gib2 has been shown to function as an atypical gβ in gpa1-camp signaling in cryptococcus neoformans. we found that the previously reported cpcb (cross pathway control b) protein is the ortholog of gib2 in aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus fumigatus. in this report, we further characterize the roles of cpcb in governing growth, development and toxige ... | 2013 | 23936193 |
| synthesis and antifungal activities of miltefosine analogs. | miltefosine is an alkylphosphocholine that shows broad-spectrum in vitro antifungal activities and limited in vivo efficacy in mouse models of cryptococcosis. to further explore the potential of this class of compounds for the treatment of systemic mycoses, nine analogs (3a-3i) were synthesized by modifying the choline structural moiety and the alkyl chain length of miltefosine. in vitro testing of these compounds against the opportunistic fungal pathogens candida albicans, candida glabrata, can ... | 2013 | 23891181 |
| kb425796-a, a novel antifungal antibiotic produced by paenibacillus sp. 530603. | the novel antifungal macrocyclic lipopeptidolactone, kb425796-a (1), was isolated from the fermentation broth of bacterial strain 530603, which was identified as a new paenibacillus species based on morphological and physiological characteristics, and 16s rrna sequences. kb425796-a (1) was isolated as white powder by solvent extraction, hp-20 and ods-b column chromatography, and lyophilization, and was determined to have the molecular formula c79h115n19o18. kb425796-a (1) showed antifungal activ ... | 2013 | 23778117 |
| nitrogen regulation of virulence in clinically prevalent fungal pathogens. | the habitats of fungal pathogens range from environmental to commensal, and the nutrient content of these different niches varies considerably. upon infection of humans, nutrient availability changes significantly depending on the site and pathophysiology of infection. nonetheless, a common feature enabling successful establishment in these niches is the ability to metabolise available nutrients including sources of nitrogen, carbon and essential metals such as iron. in particular, nitrogen sour ... | 2013 | 23701678 |
| evaluation of pharmacological activities, cytotoxicity and phenolic composition of four maytenus species used in southern african traditional medicine to treat intestinal infections and diarrhoeal diseases. | microbial infections and resulting inflammation and oxidative stress are common pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tract (git) disorders. in south africa, several species of the genus maytenus are used in traditional medicine to treat various infectious diseases. most of the previous work on this genus was focused on nonpolar extracts from the root and bark. in this study, leaf extracts of polar extracts of maytenus peduncularis, maytenus procumbens, maytenus senegalensis and maytenus undata were ... | 2013 | 23663902 |
| design, synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel benzothiazole analogs. | in an attempt to design and synthesize a new class of antimicrobials, dialkyne substituted 2-aminobenzothiazole was reacted with various substituted aryl azides to generate a small library of 20 compounds (3a-t) by click chemistry. structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established on the basis of spectral data. these compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against gram+ bacteria (staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus faecalis), gram- bacteria (salmonella typhi, esc ... | 2013 | 23567952 |