| heterologous production and secretion of clostridium perfringens beta-toxoid in closely related gram-positive hosts. | the spore forming bacterium clostridium perfringens is a widely occurring pathogen. vaccines against c. perfringens type b and c are currently manufactured using beta-toxin secreted by virulent c. perfringens strains. large-scale production of vaccines from virulent strains requires stringent safety conditions and costly detoxification and control steps. therefore, it would be beneficial to produce this toxin in a safe production host and in an immunogenic, but non-toxic form (toxoid). for high- ... | 2007 | 16959352 |
| probiotics stimulate production of natural antibodies in chickens. | commensal bacteria in the intestine play an important role in the development of immune response. these bacteria interact with cells of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (galt). among cells of the galt, b-1 cells are of note. these cells are involved in the production of natural antibodies. in the present study, we determined whether manipulation of the intestinal microbiota by administration of probiotics, which we had previously shown to enhance specific systemic antibody response, could aff ... | 2006 | 16960107 |
| effect of tea phenolics and their aromatic fecal bacterial metabolites on intestinal microbiota. | tea is rich in polyphenols and other phenolics that have been widely reported to have beneficial health effects. however, dietary polyphenols are not completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and are metabolized by the gut microflora so that they and their metabolites may accumulate to exert physiological effects. in this study, we investigated the influence of the phenolic components of a tea extract and their aromatic metabolites upon bacterial growth. fecal homogenates containing ba ... | 2006 | 16962743 |
| [massive haemolysis: a rare manifestation of sepsis due to clostridium perfringens]. | a 59-year-old man was admitted to the hospital to be operated on for carcinoma of the pancreas. during the operation, it turned out that resection ofthe tumour was not possible. therefore, a double bypass was created for palliation: hepaticojejunostomy and duodenojejunostomy. the postoperative course was complicated by a fulminant sepsis accompanied by massive intravascular haemolysis. this is a rare and often fatal complication of a clostridium perfringens sepsis. the patient was given antibiot ... | 2006 | 16970015 |
| identification of clostridium species and dna fingerprinting of clostridium perfringens by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. | an amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) method was applied to 129 strains representing 24 different clostridium species, with special emphasis on pathogenic clostridia of medical or veterinary interest, to assess the potential of aflp for identification of clostridia. in addition, the ability of the same aflp protocol to type clostridia at the strain level was assessed by focusing on clostridium perfringens strains. all strains were typeable by aflp, so the method seemed to overcome the ... | 2006 | 16971642 |
| abscess formation in a giant gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the stomach following endoscopic biopsy. | | 2006 | 16981124 |
| electrotransformation of thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus jw200. | electrotransformation of thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus jw200 was achieved using the plasmid, pte16, and a puc-based suicide vector, ptea2. the construct pte16 is based on the escherichia coli-clostridium perfringens shuttle vector pjir715 and contains a thermostable chloramphenicol (cm) resistance cassette. evidence supporting transformation was provided by extracting plasmid pte16 from presumptive transformants of t. ethanolicus and by pcr specific to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat ... | 2006 | 16988780 |
| association between gizzard lesions and increased caecal clostridium perfringens counts in broiler chickens. | the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mucosal gizzard lesions and caecal clostridium perfringens counts. gross pathological changes in the gizzard and small intestine, and caecal c. perfringens counts from 1217 meat-type chickens were recorded during the course of six experiments and were statistically analysed. c. perfringens counts increased significantly (p < 0.001) with the severity of mucosal gizzard lesions. mucosal gizzard lesions were more prevalent than necro ... | 2006 | 16990146 |
| the interaction of a carbohydrate-binding module from a clostridium perfringens n-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase with its carbohydrate receptor. | clostridium perfringens is a notable colonizer of the human gastrointestinal tract. this bacterium is quite remarkable for a human pathogen by the number of glycoside hydrolases found in its genome. the modularity of these enzymes is striking as is the frequent occurrence of modules having amino acid sequence identity with family 32 carbohydrate-binding modules (cbms), often referred to as f5/8 domains. here we report the properties of family 32 cbms from a c. perfringens n-acetyl-beta-hexosamin ... | 2006 | 16990278 |
| growth-inhibiting activity of active component isolated from terminalia chebula fruits against intestinal bacteria. | the growth-inhibitory activity of materials derived from the fruit of terminalia chebula was evaluated against six intestinal bacteria by means of an impregnated paper disk agar diffusion method. the butanol fraction of t. chebula extract had profound growth-inhibitory activity at a concentration of 5 mg per disk. the biologically active component isolated from the t. chebula fruits was identified with a variety of spectroscopic analyses as ethanedioic acid. the growth responses varied in accord ... | 2006 | 16995525 |
| type iv pili-dependent gliding motility in the gram-positive pathogen clostridium perfringens and other clostridia. | bacteria can swim in liquid media by flagellar rotation and can move on surfaces via gliding or twitching motility. one type of gliding motility involves the extension, attachment and retraction of type iv pili (tfp), which pull the bacterium towards the site of attachment. tfp-dependent gliding motility has been seen in many gram-negative bacteria but not in gram-positive bacteria. recently, the genome sequences of three strains of clostridium perfringens have been completed and we identified g ... | 2006 | 16999833 |
| nosocomial diarrhoea. | toroviruses have been reported as a new cause of nosocomial viral diarrhoea, and the role of astroviruses has been further elucidated. polymerase chain reaction methods promise to improve the diagnosis and understanding of the aetiology and control of hospital-acquired viral gastroenteritis. a clearer picture of the impact and extent of clostridium difficile diarrhoea has emerged, and several control measures have been described. an epidemic clostridium difficile strain and toxin a-deficient str ... | 1999 | 17035796 |
| [expression of alpha-toxin gene of clostridium perfringens type a and its primary immunological protective function]. | alpha-toxin gene was amplified from chromosomal dna of clostridium perfringens type a by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). pcr product was inserted into vector pgem-t directly. the cloned recombinant plasmid pxcpa02 possesses positive nucleotide sequence of alpha-toxin. a 1.2 kb alpha-toxin gene fragment was cleaved with restriction endonucleases nco i /ecor i from plasmid pxcpa02, and then inserted into an expression vector pet-28c which cleaved with nco i /ecor i by blunt-end ligation. the reco ... | 2006 | 17037067 |
| microbial exposure assessment of an urban recreational lake: a case study of the application of new risk-based guidelines. | new who and australian guidelines promote a risk-management approach for minimising exposure to pathogens in recreational waters. between 2003 and 2005, they were applied to lake parramatta (10 ha, 450 ml), a potential recreation site in sydney, australia. a three stage approach was developed involving (1) initial suitability assessment using historic data, (2) revised suitability assessment based on new data and (3) characterisation of hazardous (especially wet weather) events. contrary to the ... | 2006 | 17037160 |
| expression of germination-related enzymes, cspa, cspb, cspc, slec, and slem, of clostridium perfringens s40 in the mother cell compartment of sporulating cells. | in clostridium perfringens s40, spore germination-specific enzymes are synthesized during sporulation. previous reports have demonstrated that two cortex-lytic enzymes, slec and slem, and a component of germination-specific protease, cspc, are located outside the cortex as an integral part of the dormant spore. in the present study, we examined the time and compartment of these enzymes' gene expression using reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) and fluorescence microscopy on green fluorescence pro ... | 2006 | 17038794 |
| comparative effects of osmotic, sodium nitrite-induced, and ph-induced stress on growth and survival of clostridium perfringens type a isolates carrying chromosomal or plasmid-borne enterotoxin genes. | about 1 to 2% of clostridium perfringens isolates carry the enterotoxin gene (cpe) necessary for causing c. perfringens type a food poisoning. while the cpe gene can be either chromosomal or plasmid borne, food poisoning isolates usually carry a chromosomal cpe gene. previous studies have linked this association between chromosomal cpe isolates (i.e., c-cpe isolates) and food poisoning, at least in part, to both the spores and vegetative cells of c-cpe isolates being particularly resistant to hi ... | 2006 | 17041163 |
| effects of lactitol on intestinal microflora and plasma endotoxin in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. | to investigate the effects of lactitol on intestinal flora and the levels of plasma endotoxin in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. | 2007 | 17049992 |
| substitutions of amino acids in alpha-helix-4 of gyrase a confer fluoroquinolone resistance on clostridium perfringens. | dna gyrase, an essential enzyme that regulates dna topology in bacteria, is the target of fluoroquinolones. three fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants derived from one strain of clostridium perfringens had amino acid substitutions of glycine 81 to cysteine, aspartic acid 87 to tyrosine, or both, in alpha-helix-4 of gyrase a. the gyrase mutations affected the growth kinetics of mutants differently when the mutants were exposed to increasing concentrations of gatifloxacin and ciprofloxacin. fluoroqui ... | 2007 | 17051403 |
| rapid separation and concentration of food-borne pathogens in food samples prior to quantification by viable-cell counting and real-time pcr. | buoyant density gradient centrifugation has been used to separate bacteria from complex food matrices, as well as to remove compounds that inhibit rapid detection methods, such as pcr, and to prevent false-positive results due to dna originating from dead cells. applying a principle of buoyant density gradient centrifugation, we developed a method for rapid separation and concentration following filtration and low- and high-speed centrifugation, as well as flotation and sedimentation buoyant den ... | 2007 | 17056684 |
| clostridium perfringens antigens recognized by broiler chickens immune to necrotic enteritis. | little is known about immunity to necrotic enteritis (ne) in chickens. a recent study of broiler chickens showed that protection against ne was associated with infection-immunization with virulent but not with avirulent clostridium perfringens. in the current study, six secreted antigenic proteins unique to virulent c. perfringens that reacted to serum antibodies from immune birds were identified by mass spectrophotometry; three of these proteins are part of the virr-virs regulon. | 2006 | 17065258 |
| sensitive quantitative detection of commensal bacteria by rrna-targeted reverse transcription-pcr. | a sensitive rrna-targeted reverse transcription-quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr) method was developed for exact and sensitive enumeration of subdominant bacterial populations. using group- or species-specific primers for 16s or 23s rrna, analytical curves were constructed for escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, clostridium perfringens, and pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the threshold cycle value was found to be linear up to an rna amount of 10(-3) cell per rt-pcr. the number o ... | 2007 | 17071791 |
| detection of cholesterol-rich microdomains in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. | the c-terminal domain (d4) of perfringolysin o binds selectively to cholesterol in cholesterol-rich microdomains. to address the issue of whether cholesterol-rich microdomains exist in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, we expressed d4 as a fusion protein with egfp in mef cells. more than half of the egfp-d4 expressed in stable cell clones was bound to membranes in raft fractions. depletion of membrane cholesterol with beta-cyclodextrin reduced the amount of egfp-d4 localized in raft frac ... | 2006 | 17083918 |
| use of a combination of brushing technique and the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method as a novel, rapid, and safe system for detection of helicobacter pylori. | gastric mucosal biopsy is widely used in the detection of helicobacter pylori but is associated with a number of problems, including false-negative results due to sampling error and massive bleeding after biopsy. given the extended period required to culture h. pylori, detection would be further improved by the use of rapid detection methods such as pcr. here, we developed a rapid, safe, and convenient method for collecting h. pylori which combines endoscopic brushing with the loop-mediated isot ... | 2006 | 17088368 |
| clostridial enteropathy in lactating outbred swiss-derived (icr) mice. | reports of severe enteric disease of unknown etiology affecting lactating mice have appeared in the literature. clostridial disease similar to that seen in cattle and sheep on high-carbohydrate rations and caused by clostridium perfringens has been suspected in these mouse outbreaks but has not been isolated from affected mice. the present report describes a severe, necrotizing enterocolitis associated with overgrowth of c. perfringens type a in lactating swiss-derived (nd4) mice. mice nursing l ... | 2006 | 17089998 |
| role of tyrosine residues in modulation of claudin-4 by the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. | the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (c-cpe) modulates the barrier function of claudin-4 via its c-terminal 16 amino acids. in the current study, we investigated the roles of tyrosine residues (y306, y310 and y312) in this region in the modulation of tjs by c-cpe. single mutations of y306, y310 and y312 to alanine resulted in partial reduction of claudin-4 binding. we also prepared double mutants of c-cpe to further evaluate the roles of these tyrosine residues. replace ... | 2007 | 17097620 |
| massive hemolysis associated with clostridium perfringens sepsis. | | 2006 | 17098117 |
| haemorrhagic bowel syndrome in dairy cattle: possible role of clostridium perfringens type a in the disease complex. | a survey based on clinical, pathological and microbiological investigations was performed on 11 brown swiss cattle affected with depression, anorexia, agalaxia, ruminal hypomotility, abdominal pain and melaena. in eight animals, macroscopical lesions consisted in haemorrhagic enteritis in the small intestine. seven of eight isolates from tissue samples were identified as clostridum perfringens type a, and four were identified as c. perfringens type a with the beta2 toxin gene. based on these obs ... | 2006 | 17105573 |
| enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens and sporadic diarrhoea: a study from an indian tertiary care hospital. | | 2006 | 17108285 |
| [a study to assess the microbial contamination of mya arenaria clams from the north shore of the st lawrence river estuary, (québec, canada)]. | the aims of the present study were to assess the microbial quality of mya arenaria clams from the north shore of the st. lawrence river estuary and to validate various microbial indicator microorganisms of bivalve mollusks contamination. clams were collected from nine sites, including four harvesting sites closed by virtue of the canadian shellfish sanitation program (cssp). six contamination indicators (fecal coliforms, somatic coliphages, f-specific coliphages, fecal streptococci, clostridium ... | 2006 | 17110967 |
| simple multichannel system for the measurement of the net water flux across biological tissues. | this paper describes the development of a simple system for measurement of net water movement through biological membrane barriers. the system is based on the detection of a water meniscus inside a polyethylene tube, which reflects the water movement inside one hemichamber of a modified ussing chamber containing a membrane barrier. the detection device consists of a commercial computer-controlled flat bed scanner and specifically developed software. this system allows one to perform a relatively ... | 2007 | 17113182 |
| the expression of clostridium perfringens consensus beta2 toxin is associated with bovine enterotoxaemia syndrome. | clostridium perfringens has been implicated in a broad array of enteric infections including the fatal haemorrhagic enteritis/enterotoxaemia syndrome in cattle. the beta2 toxin (cpb2), encoded by cpb2, is suspected to be implicated in this syndrome. however, among c. perfringens isolates from cattle suspected of clostridial disease, an atypical allele was recently found to predominate at the cpb2 locus and atypical corresponding cpb2 proteins were shown to be poorly expressed, thus arguing again ... | 2007 | 17126502 |
| [spontaneous gaseous gangrene of the pancreas and pneumoperitoneum without visceral perforation due to clostridium perfringens]. | | 2006 | 17129541 |
| systematic environmental evaluations to identify food safety differences between outbreak and nonoutbreak restaurants. | restaurants are important settings for foodborne disease transmission. the environmental health specialists network (ehs-net) was established to identify underlying factors contributing to disease outbreaks and to translate those findings into improved prevention efforts. from june 2002 through june 2003, ehs-net conducted systematic environmental evaluations in 22 restaurants in which outbreaks had occurred and 347 restaurants in which outbreaks had not occurred. norovirus was the most common f ... | 2006 | 17133814 |
| [the influence of amps from hacat keratinocytes on some bacteria strains derived from skin changes]. | the aim of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial activity of protein extracts from hacat cell line against bacterial strains, isolated from clinical materials, obtained from patients with clinical symptoms of acne (propionibacterium acnes) and gas gangrene (clostridium perfringens and sterptococcus pyogenes). reference strain of staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923 also was used. protein extracts from cultured hacat cells were obtained by 3-fold freezing/defreezing cells in dry ice following by c ... | 2006 | 17133910 |
| probiotic properties of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium strains isolated from porcine gastrointestinal tract. | one strain of lactobacillus salivarius, two strains of lactobacillus reuteri and lactobacillus amylovorus, and two strains of bifidobacterium thermacidophilum with antagonistic effect against clostridium perfringens were isolated from porcine gastrointestinal tract. isolates were assayed for their ability to survive in synthetic gastric juice at ph 2.5 and were examined for their ability to grow on agar plate containing porcine bile extract. there was a large variation in the survival of the iso ... | 2007 | 17136367 |
| intra-storm variability in microbial partitioning and microbial loading rates. | association with particles in the water column can have a significant impact on microbial fate and transport. this study analyzed multiple stormwater samples taken throughout the duration of three separate storms (at two different sites) to evaluate the fraction of microbes partitioning to denser "settleable" particles and to examine how partitioning behavior varied over the course of a storm. intra-storm sampling also allowed for estimates of microbial loading rates (both total and particle-ass ... | 2007 | 17141293 |
| prevalence of some bacteria yeasts and molds in meat foods in san luis, argentina. | in this work we evaluate the microbiological quality and the hygiene degree of meat foods consumed in the city of san luis. a total of 515 meat food samples (315 from fresh sausages, 100 from hamburgers and 100 from ground beef) were processed, being the most of them non-industrial products. the microbiological quality was determined by counts of total mesophilic bacteria, coliforms, escherichia coli, molds and yeasts, and clostridium perfringens. the number of total mesophilic aerobes was withi ... | 2006 | 17152228 |
| detection of a group ii intron without an open reading frame in the alpha-toxin gene of clostridium perfringens isolated from a broiler chicken. | a dna insertion of 834 bp, designated cpf-g2im, was identified within the alpha toxin gene (cpa) of clostridium perfringens strain cpbc16ml, isolated from a broiler chicken. sequence analysis of cpf-g2im indicated that it was integrated 340 nucleotides downstream of the start codon of cpa. however, the insertion did not abolish the phospholipase c and hemolytic activities of cpbc16ml. to investigate the expression of its alpha toxin, the intact copy of cpa was cloned into an expression vector an ... | 2007 | 17158682 |
| antiparasitic drug nitazoxanide inhibits the pyruvate oxidoreductases of helicobacter pylori, selected anaerobic bacteria and parasites, and campylobacter jejuni. | nitazoxanide (ntz) exhibits broad-spectrum activity against anaerobic bacteria and parasites and the ulcer-causing pathogen helicobacter pylori. here we show that ntz is a noncompetitive inhibitor (k(i), 2 to 10 microm) of the pyruvate:ferredoxin/flavodoxin oxidoreductases (pfors) of trichomonas vaginalis, entamoeba histolytica, giardia intestinalis, clostridium difficile, clostridium perfringens, h. pylori, and campylobacter jejuni and is weakly active against the pyruvate dehydrogenase of esch ... | 2007 | 17158936 |
| role of tyr306 in the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin for modulation of tight junction. | we previously reported that the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (c-cpe) is a novel type of absorption enhancer that interacts with claudin-4 and that tyr306 of c-cpe plays a role in ability of c-cpe to modulate barrier of tight junctions. in the current study, to investigate effects of tyr306 on the c-cpe activity, we prepared some c-cpe mutants substituted tyr306 with trp (y306w), phe (y306f) and lys (y306k). we found that y306w and y306f mutants of c-cpe had claudin- ... | 2007 | 17169334 |
| microbiological baseline study of broiler chickens at swedish slaughterhouses. | this 1-year study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and concentrations of pathogenic and indicator bacteria on swedish broiler chickens. a total of 636 chilled carcasses were collected from 10 slaughterhouses and sent to the national food administration for analyses of carcass rinses. no carcasses were positive for salmonella. campylobacter, predominantly campylobacter jejuni, were detected on 15% (by enrichment) or 14% (by direct plating) of the carcasses. with one exception, all samples ... | 2006 | 17186653 |
| detection of fibronectin-binding proteins in clostridium perfringens. | clostridium perfringens is an anaerobic spore-forming pathogen of humans and animals. c. perfringens type a strains, 13, cpn50, and nctc8237, isolated from human gas gangrene, bound specifically to human fi bronectin (fn). the trypsin-treatment of the bacterial cells significantly reduced the fn-binding. a ligand blotting analysis of all three c. perfringens strains revealed that 5 protein bands of 34 kda, 29 kda, 26 kda, 17 kda, and 12 kda specifically bound to biotinylated fn. these results su ... | 2006 | 17189979 |
| massive intravascular hemolysis in a patient infected by a clostridium perfringens. | clostridium perfringens infection is a very rare cause of massive intravascular hemolysis, but it should always be kept in mind, since only early treatment can rescue patients from an otherwise rapidly fatal outcome. we report a case of a 78-year-old diabetic male who was admitted complaining of general fatigue, dark red urine, and vomiting. his blood revealed massive hemolysis. computer tomography demonstrated huge liver abscess in the right lobe of the liver. about 1 h after admission, he sudd ... | 2006 | 17189980 |
| [structure-function and mode of action of major toxins from clostridium perfringens]. | | 2006 | 17191692 |
| the beta-defensin gallinacin-6 is expressed in the chicken digestive tract and has antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogens. | food-borne pathogens are responsible for most cases of food poisoning in developed countries and are often associated with poultry products, including chicken. little is known about the role of beta-defensins in the chicken digestive tract and their efficacy. in this study, the expression of chicken beta-defensin gallinacin-6 (gal-6) and its antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogens were investigated. reverse transcription-pcr analysis showed high expression of gal-6 mrna in the esopha ... | 2007 | 17194828 |
| activities of four frog skin-derived antimicrobial peptides (temporin-1dra, temporin-1va and the melittin-related peptides ar-23 and rv-23) against anaerobic bacteria. | the activities of two antimicrobial peptides belonging to the temporin family (temporin-1dra from rana draytonii and temporin-1va from rana virgatipes) and two peptides with structural similarity to the bee venom peptide melittin (ar-23 from rana tagoi and rv-23 from r. draytonii) were evaluated against a range of reference strains and clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria. these peptides were selected because they show broad-spectrum growth inhibitory activity against reference strains of sev ... | 2007 | 17196372 |
| changing a single amino acid in clostridium perfringens beta-toxin affects the efficiency of heterologous secretion by bacillus subtilis. | achieving efficient heterologous protein production and secretion by bacillus subtilis is an attractive prospect, although often disappointingly low yields are reached. the expression of detoxified clostridium perfringens beta-toxin (beta-toxoid) is exemplary for this. although beta-toxin can be efficiently expressed and secreted by bacillus subtilis, the genetically detoxified, and industrially interesting, beta-toxoid variant is difficult to obtain in high amounts. to optimize the expression o ... | 2007 | 17209068 |
| both epsilon-toxin and beta-toxin are important for the lethal properties of clostridium perfringens type b isolates in the mouse intravenous injection model. | clostridium perfringens is capable of producing up to 15 toxins, including alpha-toxin (cpa), beta-toxin (cpb), epsilon-toxin (etx), enterotoxin, beta2-toxin (cpb2), and perfringolysin o. type b isolates, which must produce cpa, cpb, and etx, are associated with animal illnesses characterized by sudden death or acute neurological signs, with or without intestinal damage. type b pathogenesis in ruminants is poorly understood, with some animals showing lesions and clinical signs similar to those c ... | 2007 | 17210666 |
| microbial evaluation of some heat treated turkey products at different processing stages. | random samples at the three processing stages of turkey keshta, turkey rosto, turkey luncheon and turkey frankfurter (20 samples for each stage were collected). for luncheon and frankfurter, 20 samples of each of thighs and breast represents the 1 st stage of processing were also taken. these samples were obtained from some meat processing plants at alexandria province to make a total of 280 samples. the samples were examined microbiologically and the results revealed that, the total aerobic bac ... | 1999 | 17216949 |
| fatal massive hemolysis as the first manifestation of clostridium perfringens septicemia in a patient with non-systematic or local predisposing disorder. | we report a case of fulminant massive hemolysis due to clostridium perfringens septicemia in an elderly patient with non-systematic or local predisposing disorder. the patient presented with atypical symptoms but the progress of the disease was extremely rapid and he died almost 3h after his hospital admission. a focal infection or a possible portal of bacterial access was not found. | 2007 | 17222573 |
| antisense-rna-mediated decreased synthesis of small, acid-soluble spore proteins leads to decreased resistance of clostridium perfringens spores to moist heat and uv radiation. | previous work has suggested that a group of alpha/beta-type small, acid-soluble spore proteins (sasp) is involved in the resistance of clostridium perfringens spores to moist heat. however, this suggestion is based on the analysis of c. perfringens spores lacking only one of the three genes encoding alpha/beta-type sasp in this organism. we have now used antisense rna to decrease levels of alpha/beta-type sasp in c. perfringens spores by approximately 90%. these spores had significantly reduced ... | 2007 | 17259355 |
| comparison of virulence plasmids among clostridium perfringens type e isolates. | clostridium perfringens type e isolates produce iota-toxin, which is encoded by iap and ibp genes. using southern blot analyses, the current study identified iap/ibp plasmids of approximately 97 or approximately 135 kb among eight type e isolates. for most of these isolates, their iap/ibp plasmid also encoded urease and lambda-toxin. however, the beta2-toxin gene, if present, was on a different plasmid from the iap/ibp plasmid. for all isolates, the iap/ibp plasmid carried a tcp locus, strongly ... | 2007 | 17261608 |
| functional analysis of neutralizing antibodies against clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin. | the clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin causes a severe, often fatal illness (enterotoxemia) characterized by cardiac, pulmonary, kidney, and brain edema. in this study, we examined the activities of two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against the c. perfringens epsilon-toxin. both antibodies inhibited epsilon-toxin cytotoxicity towards cultured mdck cells and inhibited the ability of the toxin to form pores in the plasma membranes of cells, as shown by staining cells with the membrane-impe ... | 2007 | 17261609 |
| carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, oregano oil, and thymol inhibit clostridium perfringens spore germination and outgrowth in ground turkey during chilling. | inhibition of clostridium perfringens by plant-derived carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, thymol, and oregano oil was evaluated during abusive chilling of cooked ground turkey. test substances were mixed into thawed turkey product at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0% (wt/wt) along with a heat-activated three-strain c. perfringens spore cocktail to obtain final spore concentrations of ca. 2.2 to 2.8 log cfu spores per g of turkey meat. aliquots (5 g) of the ground turkey mixtures were vacuum packa ... | 2007 | 17265885 |
| a double-blind placebo-controlled study to establish the bifidogenic dose of inulin in healthy humans. | to evaluate the bifidogenic efficacy of two inulin doses in healthy human adults. | 2007 | 17268410 |
| towards measuring particle-associated fecal indicator bacteria in tropical streams. | a protocol to enumerate particle-associated microbial indicator bacteria (heterotrophic plate count [hpc], enterococci [ent] and clostridium perfringens [cp]) by membrane filtration in a tropical stream is proposed that relies on high-speed homogenization and chemical treatment. application of this protocol to stream samples suggest that ent measurements are more biased by the presence of aggregates than hpc or cp. whole sample treatment typically increased the colony forming units (cfu) count b ... | 2007 | 17270233 |
| emphysematous cholecystitis. | | 2007 | 17275419 |
| role of sialidase in mycoplasma alligatoris-induced pulmonary fibroblast apoptosis. | mycoplasma alligatoris causes acute lethal cardiopulmonary disease of susceptible hosts. a survey of its genome implicated sialidase and hyaluronidase, synergistic regulators of hyaluronan receptor cd44-mediated signal transduction leading to apoptotic cell death, as virulence factors of m. alligatoris. in this study, after the existence of a cd44 homolog in alligators was established by immunolabeling primary pulmonary fibroblasts with monoclonal antibody im7 against murine cd44, the sialidase ... | 2007 | 17276629 |
| use of high-affinity cell wall-binding domains of bacteriophage endolysins for immobilization and separation of bacterial cells. | immobilization and magnetic separation for specific enrichment of microbial cells, such as the pathogen listeria monocytogenes, depends on the availability of suitable affinity molecules. we report here a novel concept for the immobilization and separation of bacterial cells by replacing antibodies with cell wall-binding domains (cbds) of bacteriophage-encoded peptidoglycan hydrolases (endolysins). these polypeptide modules very specifically recognize and bind to ligands on the gram-positive cel ... | 2007 | 17277212 |
| [neonatal diarrhoea in pigs: alpha- and beta2-toxin produced by clostridium perfringens]. | since 2001 the pig health unit of utrecht university has been consulted by various pig farms regarding neonatal diarrhoea. when preventive measures against e. coli-induced diarrhoea had no or limited results, the diarrhoeic piglets were investigated further. the microbiological and pathological findings were indicative of infection with clostridium perfringens. toxin typing by polymerase chain reaction led to the detection of genes encoding a-toxin (cpa) and beta2-toxin (cpb2). surprisingly, alp ... | 2006 | 17278609 |
| humans as reservoir for enterotoxin gene--carrying clostridium perfringens type a. | we found a prevalence of 18% for enterotoxin gene-carrying (cpe+) clostridium perfringens in the feces of healthy food handlers by pcr and isolated the organism from 11 of 23 pcr-positive persons by using hydrophobic grid membrane filter-colony hybridization. several different cpe genotypes were recovered. the prevalence was 3.7% for plasmidial is1151-cpe, 2.9% for plasmidial is1470-like-cpe, 0.7% for chromosomal is1470-cpe, and 1.5% for unknown cpe genotype. lateral spread of cpe between c. per ... | 2006 | 17283623 |
| dietary synbiotics reduce cancer risk factors in polypectomized and colon cancer patients. | animal studies suggest that prebiotics and probiotics exert protective effects against tumor development in the colon, but human data supporting this suggestion are weak. | 2007 | 17284748 |
| a derepression system based on the bacillus subtilis sporulation pathway offers dynamic control of heterologous gene expression. | by rewiring the sporulation gene-regulatory network of bacillus subtilis, we generated a novel expression system relying on derepression. the gene of interest is placed under the control of the abrb promoter, which is active only when spo0a is absent, and spo0a is controlled via an iptg (isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside)-inducible promoter. | 2007 | 17293533 |
| plant biological warfare: thorns inject pathogenic bacteria into herbivores. | thorns, spines and prickles are among the rich arsenal of antiherbivore defence mechanisms that plants have evolved. many of these thorns are aposematic, that is, marked by various types of warning coloration. this coloration was recently proposed to deter large herbivores. yet, the mechanical defence provided by thorns against large herbivores might be only the tip of the iceberg in a much more complicated story. here we present evidence that thorns harbour an array of pathogenic bacteria that ... | 2007 | 17298359 |
| changes in numbers and kinds of bacteria during a chickpea submerged fermentation used as a leavening agent for bread production. | the microflora developed during a submerged fermentation of coarsely ground chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) in water (primary starter) and during raising a dough from wheat flour (adapted starter) was studied. in the fermenting liquid, only populations of bacillus and clostridium developed. bacilli increased their loads significantly (p<0.05) during fermentation for 8-12 h and then remained constant. clostridia developed (p<0.05) subsequently to levels of 10(7) cfu/ml at 18 h, when the ph of the f ... | 2007 | 17300848 |
| laboratory diagnosis of antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a polish pilot study into the clinical relevance of clostridium difficile and clostridium perfringens toxins. | in the present study, we investigated the prevalence of the clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpent) in stool samples originally submitted for detection of clostridium difficile toxins. fifty-two fecal samples from inpatients were screened simultaneously for c. difficile and c. perfringens toxins: 75% of the specimens were positive for tcda/tcdb toxins, 40% were positive for cpent, and 31% gave positive test results for both. it is interesting to note that only a relatively small number of c. ... | 2007 | 17300901 |
| microbiological quality of groundwater sources used by rural communities in limpopo province, south africa. | a survey of the microbiological quality of water from 194 boreholes (97 privately owned and 97 communal boreholes) in the rural thitale-hlanganani area of the limpopo province, south africa was carried out between august 2002 and august 2003. very little information on the microbiological quality of privately-owned boreholes in rural communities is available raising concerns about the safety of these groundwater supplies. in this study, levels of total coliforms, thermotolerant (faecal) coliform ... | 2006 | 17302341 |
| identification of a prepore large-complex stage in the mechanism of action of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. | clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) is the etiological agent of the third most common food-borne illness in the united states. the enteropathogenic effects of cpe result from formation of large cpe-containing complexes in eukaryotic cell membranes. formation of these approximately 155- and approximately 200-kda complexes coincides with plasma membrane permeability changes in eukaryotic cells, causing a ca2+ influx that drives cell death pathways. cpe contains a stretch of amino acids (resi ... | 2007 | 17307943 |
| characteristics of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances from dochi-isolated enterococcus faecium d081821 and d081833. | to characterize bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (blis) from two dochi-isolated enterococcus faecium. | 2007 | 17309511 |
| identification of glucose-fermenting bacteria present in an in vitro model of the human intestine by rna-stable isotope probing. | 16s rrna-based stable isotope probing (sip) and nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy-based metabolic profiling were used to identify bacteria fermenting glucose under conditions simulating the human intestine. the tim-2 in vitro model of the human intestine was inoculated with a gi tract microbiota resembling that of the small intestine, to which subsequently 4, 20 or 40 mm of [u-(13)c]-glucose were added. rna was extracted from lumen samples after 0 (control), 1, 2 and 4 h and subjecte ... | 2007 | 17313661 |
| genotyping of clostridium perfringens isolates collected from food poisoning outbreaks and healthy individuals in japan based on the cpe locus. | | 2007 | 17314435 |
| waxing grave about adipocere: soft tissue change in an aquatic context. | when postmortem environmental conditions are "just right," according to the "goldilocks phenomenon," soft tissues (and associated fatty acids) are converted into and preserved as adipocere. to better understand this conversion process and the development of adipocere three human cadavers were immersed in outside, water-filled pits for over 3 months to observe adipocere formation in an underwater context simulating actual field conditions. recordings of environmental conditions showed that temper ... | 2007 | 17316224 |
| hepatic gas gangrene following liver transplantation. | | 2007 | 17318863 |
| overexpression of claudin-3 and claudin-4 receptors in uterine serous papillary carcinoma: novel targets for a type-specific therapy using clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe). | uterine serous papillary carcinoma (uspc) represents a highly aggressive variant of endometrial cancer. using gene expression profiling, we recently identified high expression of the claudin-3 and claudin-4 receptors in a limited set of uspc. these tight junction proteins represent the low- and high-affinity receptors, respectively, for the cytotoxic clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) and are sufficient to mediate cpe binding and trigger subsequent toxin-mediated cytolysis. the potential ... | 2007 | 17326053 |
| a recent outbreak of necrotizing enteritis in eastern sri lanka. | this report details an outbreak of jejunitis necroticans seen in 42 patients in the provincial hospital in batticaloa, sri lanka. | 2007 | 17326895 |
| structures of perfringolysin o suggest a pathway for activation of cholesterol-dependent cytolysins. | cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (cdcs), a large family of bacterial toxins, are secreted as water-soluble monomers and yet are capable of generating oligomeric pores in membranes. previous work has demonstrated that large scale structural rearrangements occur during this transition but the detailed mechanism by which these changes take place remains a puzzle. despite evidence of structural and functional couplings between domains 3 and 4, the crystal structure of the cdc, perfringolysin o (pfo) ... | 2007 | 17328912 |
| the use of clinical profiles in the investigation of foodborne outbreaks in restaurants: united states, 1982-1997. | improving the efficiency of outbreak investigation in restaurants is critical to reducing outbreak-associated illness and improving prevention strategies. because clinical characteristics of outbreaks are usually available before results of laboratory testing, we examined their use for determining contributing factors in outbreaks caused by restaurants. all confirmed foodborne outbreaks reported to the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) from 1982 to 1997 were reviewed. clinical pro ... | 2008 | 17335632 |
| virulence plasmid diversity in clostridium perfringens type d isolates. | clostridium perfringens type d isolates are important in biodefense and also cause natural enterotoxemias in sheep, goats, and occasionally cattle. in these isolates, the gene (etx) encoding epsilon-toxin is thought to reside on poorly characterized large plasmids. type d isolates sometimes also produce other potentially plasmid-encoded toxins, including c. perfringens enterotoxin and beta2 toxin, encoded by the cpe and cbp2 genes, respectively. in the current study we demonstrated that the etx, ... | 2007 | 17339362 |
| differential requirement for the translocation of clostridial binary toxins: iota toxin requires a membrane potential gradient. | clostridial binary toxins, such as clostridium perfringens iota and clostridium botulinum c2, are composed of a binding protein (ib and c2-ii, respectively) that recognizes distinct membrane receptors and mediates internalization of a catalytic protein (ia and c2-i, respectively) with adp-ribosyltransferase activity that depolymerizes the actin cytoskeleton. after internalization, it was found that c2 and iota toxins were not routed to the golgi apparatus and exhibited differential sensitivity t ... | 2007 | 17350628 |
| in vitro activity against anaerobes of retapamulin, a new topical antibiotic for treatment of skin infections. | retapamulin is the first agent of the pleuromutilin class formulated as a topical antibacterial for treating skin infections. the aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of retapamulin by determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) values of this new drug and comparators against a wide range of anaerobic bacteria of human origin. | 2007 | 17350985 |
| [massive haemolysis by clostridium perfringens: quick diagnosis in a patient with severe sepsis]. | septicaemia by clostridia is a rare but nearly always fatal disease. we report a case of mortal massive haemolysis, with virtually no circulating erythrocytes, in a patient with septicaemia by clostridium perfringens. the early finding of clostridium perfringens in the direct gram stain of patient's peripheral blood allowed a quick diagnosis. | 2007 | 17353173 |
| polymerase chain reaction detection of clostridium perfringens in feces from captive and wild chimpanzees, pan troglodytes. | for veterinary management of non-human primates in captivity, and conservation of wild-living primates, management of their health risks is necessary. incidences of pathogenic bacteria in the fecal specimens are considered as one of the useful indicators for non-invasive health monitoring. | 2007 | 17359463 |
| [high mortality in a herd with signs of jejunal hemorrhage syndrome]. | eleven cows from a herd of 80 dairy cows (14%) died over a 7-month period. death occurred within 12-24 hours of the onset of the first clinical signs, namely, dullness and a decrease (mean 25%) in milk production. within 12 hours the cows were unable to rise, felt cold, and were restless. examined mucous membranes were pale. two of three cows examined at necropsy had blood in the jejunum and high counts of clostridium perfringens. jejunal hemorrhage syndrome was diagnosed in these two cows on th ... | 2007 | 17366873 |
| pathology of fatal traumatic and nontraumatic clostridial gas gangrene: a histopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of six autopsy cases. | we prospectively investigated six fatal cases of clostridial gas gangrene using autopsy, histology, immunohistochemistry, microbiology, and scanning electron microscopy. the causative pathogen was clostridium perfringens in four cases, c. sordellii in one case, and a mixed infection with both c. perfringens and c. sordellii in one case. according to the previous medical history and autopsy findings, clostridial infection was related to trauma in three cases. characterized by extensive tissue nec ... | 2008 | 17370083 |
| a novel toxin homologous to large clostridial cytotoxins found in culture supernatant of clostridium perfringens type c. | an unknown cytotoxin was identified in the culture supernatant of clostridium perfringens type c. the cytotoxin, named tpel, which was purified using mab-based affinity chromatography, had a lethal activity of 62 minimum lethal dose (mld) mg(-1) in mice and a cytotoxic activity of 6.2x10(5) cytotoxic units (cu) mg(-1) in vero cells. the nucleotide sequence of tpel was determined. the entire orf had a length of 4953 bases, and the same nucleotide sequence was not recorded in the genbank/embl/ddbj ... | 2007 | 17379729 |
| quantitative analysis of the intestinal bacterial community in one- to three-week-old commercially reared broiler chickens fed conventional or antibiotic-free vegetable-based diets. | to explore the effect of drug-free poultry production on the intestinal microflora of broiler chickens, the bacterial community of this environment was quantitatively profiled in both conventionally reared birds and birds reared without antibiotic growth promotants (agps) on a vegetable-based diet. | 2007 | 17381758 |
| evaluation of hot-water and sanitizer dip treatments of knives contaminated with bacteria and meat residue. | hot water (hw; 82.2 degrees c, 180 degreesf) is used for sanitation of meat cutting implements in most slaughter facilities, but validation of actual practices against meat-borne bacterial pathogens and spoilage flora is lacking. observed implement immersions in hw in two large pork processing plants were found to typically be < or = 1 s. impact of these practices on bacteria on metal surfaces was assessed in the laboratory, and alternative treatments were investigated. knives were inoculated wi ... | 2007 | 17388054 |
| aortoduodenal fistula 5 years after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair with the ancure stent graft. | we report a case of aortoduodenal fistula 5 years after uncomplicated endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. the diagnosis was confirmed by abdominal computed tomography scan and esophagogastroduodenoscopy. the patient was successfully treated with primary duodenal repair, removal of the infected graft, in situ placement of a bifurcated graft, and omental interposition. review of the literature identifies this as one of very few documented aortoduodenal fistulas after endovascular aneury ... | 2007 | 17398395 |
| removal and fate of cryptosporidium parvum, clostridium perfringens and small-sized centric diatoms (stephanodiscus hantzschii) in slow sand filters. | the decimal elimination capacity (dec) of slow sand filtration (ssf) for cryptosporidium parvum was assessed to enable quantitative microbial risk analysis of a drinking water production plant. a mature pilot plant filter of 2.56m(2) was loaded with c. parvum oocysts and two other persistent organisms as potential surrogates; spores of clostridium perfringens (scp) and the small-sized (4-7microm) centric diatom (sscd) stephanodiscus hantzschii. highly persistent micro-organisms that are retained ... | 2007 | 17400275 |
| clostridium perfringens type a toxin production in 3 commonly used culture media. | in vitro toxin production is an important tool not only for diagnostic purposes but also for the study of pathogenesis of clostridium perfringens infections. the present study was carried out to compare the level of toxin production by several strains of c. perfringens type a, isolated from the intestine of animals, when cultured in 3 different conventional culture media. six strains of c. perfringens type a isolated from the small intestine of healthy sheep were cultured in commercial cooked me ... | 2007 | 17402614 |
| [tryptose sulphite cycloserine agar for the recovery of clostridium perfringens in surface waters: a study of different modes of utilization]. | in the recent european drinking water directive, clostridium perfringens has assumed increasing importance so as to be considered a primary contamination indicator. therefore it emerged the necessity to make culture methods, aimed at its recovery, more specific and sensitive. in this study we have verified the ability of tryptose sulphite cycloserine agar plates (tsc agar), prepared and stored before the use at refrigeration temperature (+4 degrees) for different times, to show typical colonies, ... | 2007 | 17405507 |
| fatal emphysematous cholecystitis caused by clostridium perfringens. | | 2007 | 17410691 |
| mode of action of a germination-specific cortex-lytic enzyme, slec, of clostridium perfringens s40. | the hydrolysis of the bacterial spore peptidoglycan (cortex) is a crucial event in spore germination. it has been suggested that slec and slem, which are conserved among clostridia, are to be considered putative cortex-lytic enzymes in clostridium perfringens. however, little is known about the details of the hydrolytic process by these enzymes during germination, except that slem functions as a muramidase. muropeptides derived from slec-digested decoated spores of a bacillus subtilis mutant tha ... | 2007 | 17420590 |
| clostridium perfringens enterotoxaemia in the ruminant. | | 1961 | 17421430 |
| bovine "enterotoxemia" i. clostridium perfringens types isolated from animal sources in alberta and saskatchewan. | | 1963 | 17421573 |
| hemorrhagic enterotoxemia caused by clostridium perfringens type c in a foal. | a four day old appaloosa foal in alberta died from hemorrhagic enterotoxemia. beta-toxin of clostridium perfringens was demonstrated in the intestinal contents of the foal and a pure culture of c. perfringens type c was grown from the small intestine. histological examination showed hemorrhage and extensive necrosis of the small intestinal mucosa. areas of necrotic tissue were surrounded by massive numbers of clostridia-like rods. there was also a moderate degree of thyroid hyperplasia. this is ... | 1982 | 17422190 |
| clostridium perfringens type c enterotoxemia. | forms of enteric disease caused by clostridium perfringens type c are critically reviewed with emphasis on practical aspects and recent research findings. available data indicate that more animal species may be fatally infected by type c of this organism than by any other type of c. perfringens. fatal cases have been recorded in pigs, cattle, sheep, horses and humans. newborn animals are typically the most susceptible, possibly related to aspects of bacterial colonization, intestinal digestive f ... | 1988 | 17423103 |
| a study of hepatic lesions in broiler chickens at processing plants in saskatchewan. | a detailed descriptive study was done on broiler chickens with abnormal livers found at processing. two syndromes were evident: those birds with enlarged, pale, firm livers, designated hepatosis, with clostridium perfringens type a often isolated; and ascitic birds with cobblestone-appearing livers. livers with hepatosis had marked proliferation of bile ducts; ascitic livers had normal architecture. hearts from birds with ascites had elevated right ventricular/total ventricular weight ratios, wh ... | 1990 | 17423489 |
| necrohemorrhagic enterocolitis caused by clostridium perfringens type c in a foal. | | 1990 | 17423608 |
| acute gangrenous mastitis due to clostridium perfringens type a and escherichia coli in a cow. | | 1990 | 17423631 |