| binding of the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus to the ephrin binding surface of the epha2 receptor and its inhibition by a small molecule. | the ephrin receptor tyrosine kinase a2 (epha2) is an entry receptor for kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) that is engaged by the virus through its gh/gl glycoprotein complex. we describe here that natural ephrin ligands inhibit the gh/gl-epha2 interaction. the effects of point mutations within epha2 demonstrated that kshv gh/gl interacts with epha2 through a restricted set of the same residues that mediate binding of a-type ephrins. two previously described inhibitors of the epha2 i ... | 2014 | 24899181 |
| cutaneous lymphatic malformation characterized by swelling of digits: a report of six cases. | cutaneous lymphatic malformations represent a group of heterogeneous diseases. in clinical practice, some cases of cutaneous lymphatic malformation have been found to differ from the well-characterized entities, and are difficult to classify. | 2014 | 24877195 |
| [kaposi sarcoma and hhv-8: a model of cutaneous cancer in immunosuppressed patients]. | the virus hhv-8 will celebrate its twentieth birthday by the end of this year and its relationships with kaposi sarcoma are not completely elucidated. hhv-8 is an enigmatic virus, with an inhomogeneous distribution, a salivary transmission while it is not an ubiquitous virus, at least in western countries. however, hhv-8 has a unique genetic equipment rending is role in kaposi sarcoma more than plausible. while the virus is necessary, it appears that it is not sufficient as the development of ka ... | 2014 | 24851358 |
| auricular involvement of a multifocal non-aids kaposi's sarcoma: a case report. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is a multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular disease, mainly involving skin and mucosae, characterised by the proliferation of endothelial cells. the aetiology of ks still is unknown. nonetheless, it has been reported that several epidemiological and environmental factors may play a role in its pathogenesis. viral factors (i.e. human herpes virus 8, hhv-8) have also been claimed to play a role in the onset of ks. four main clinical presentations of ks have been describe ... | 2014 | 24843227 |
| an interesting case of 'diabetic foot ulcer' in an hiv-positive patient. | kaposi sarcoma is a highly vascularised tumour affecting the skin, lymph nodes and viscera. kaposi sarcoma is most common in hiv-infected homosexual or bisexual men. we present here a 70-year-old white british male patient, who was under the care of the podiatric team for longstanding 'diabetic foot ulcers'. he was later referred to the dermatology team who took a biopsy; this revealed features of kaposi sarcoma which prompted an hiv test which was positive. this patient had previously presented ... | 2015 | 24841196 |
| disintegrin-like domain of glycoprotein b regulates kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection of cells. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) glycoprotein b (gb) is a lytic structural protein expressed on the envelope of mature virions and on the membrane of cells supporting lytic infection. in addition to this viral glycoprotein's interaction with integrins via its rgd (arg-gly-asp) motif, kshv gb possesses a disintegrin-like domain (dld), which binds integrins as well. prior to this study, there has been minimal research involving the less common integrin-binding motif, dld, of gb as it ... | 2014 | 24814923 |
| nuclear factor kappa b is required for the production of infectious human herpesvirus 8 virions. | human herpesvirus 8 (hhv8) infection leads to potent activation of nuclear factor kappa b (nfκb) in primary and transformed cells. we used recombinant hhv8 (rkshv.219) expressing green fluorescent protein under the constitutive cellular promoter elongation factor 2α and red fluorescent protein under an early hhv8 lytic gene promoter t1.1 to monitor replication during infection of human foreskin fibroblasts (hf), noting changes in nfκb activity. in primary hf, nfκb levels do not affect the abilit ... | 2014 | 24795700 |
| kshv-associated multicentric castleman disease: a tangle of different entities requiring multitarget treatment strategies. | multicentric castleman disease (mcd) is a lymphoproliferative disorder presenting with heterogeneous pathological and clinical features. it comprises disease entities with a complex aetiology and overlapping pathogenesis. mcd can be found in association with hiv infection, plasma-cell dyscrasias, kaposi sarcoma (ks), b-cell lymphomas including primary effusion lymphoma (pel) and its solid variant, and hodgkin lymphoma. in kshv-associated mcd cases, a common association is ks and a specific varia ... | 2015 | 24771491 |
| kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus orf45 mediates transcriptional activation of the hiv-1 long terminal repeat via rsk2. | robust activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) gene expression occurs upon superinfection with kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), a common aids-associated pathogen. though the mechanisms underlying this phenotype remain unknown, several kshv-encoded factors have been reported to stimulate hiv-1 long terminal repeat (ltr) activity. here, we systematically evaluated the ability of kshv tegument proteins to modulate the activation of an integrated hiv-1 ltr and reveal ... | 2014 | 24719417 |
| a unique case of malignant pleuropericardial effusion: hhv-8-unrelated pel-like lymphoma-a case report and review of the literature. | primary effusion lymphoma (pel) or body cavity lymphoma is a rare type of extra nodal lymphoma of b-cell origin that presents as lymphomatous effusion(s) without any nodal enlargement or tumor masses. it belongs to the group of aids related non-hodgkin's lymphomas. first described in 1996 in hiv infected individuals who were coinfected with kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) or hhv-8 virus, it was included as a separate entity in who classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymp ... | 2014 | 24716045 |
| targeting xct, a cystine-glutamate transporter induces apoptosis and tumor regression for kshv/hiv-associated lymphoma. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is the etiological agent of primary effusion lymphoma (pel), which represents a rapidly progressing malignancy arising in hiv-infected patients. conventional chemotherapy for pel treatment induces unwanted toxicity and is ineffective--pel continues to portend nearly 100% mortality within a period of months, which requires novel therapeutic strategies. the amino acid transporter, xct, is essential for the uptake of cystine required for intracellular ... | 2014 | 24708874 |
| presence of betapapillomavirus in kaposi sarcoma lesions. | human herpes virus 8 (hhv 8) is recognized as the necessary cause of kaposi sarcoma (ks) and in the recent past the human papillomavirus (hpv) has been linked to the development of cutaneous basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas. in a cross sectional study investigating beta-hpv infections in skin lesions, an unexpected occurrence of hpv dna was found in ks lesions of hiv infected individuals. of the 18 ks cases included in the study 16 (89%) had hpv dna detected. the most common betapapilloma ... | 2014 | 24706580 |
| kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus subversion of the anti-inflammatory response in human skin cells reveals correlates of latency and disease pathogenesis. | kshv is the etiologic agent for kaposi's sarcoma (ks), a neoplasm that manifests most aggressively as multifocal lesions on parts of human skin with a propensity for inflammatory reactivity. however, mechanisms that control evolution of ks from a benign hyperplasia to the histologically complex cutaneous lesion remain unknown. in this study, we found that kshv induces proteomic and morphological changes in melanocytes and melanoma-derived cell lines, accompanied by deregulation of the endogenous ... | 2014 | 24701351 |
| reduced human herpesvirus-8 oropharyngeal shedding associated with protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy. | human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) replication increases the risk of kaposi sarcoma (ks). highly-active antiretroviral therapy (haart) reduces the incidence of ks, and regimens that contain protease inhibitors (pis) may be particularly effective. | 2014 | 24698158 |
| skin changes following organ transplantation: an interdisciplinary challenge. | the immunosuppressants used in transplantation medicine significantly elevate the incidence of neoplasia, particularly in the skin. the cumulative incidence of non-melanocytic skin cancer (nmsc) in renal transplant recipients was 20.5% in a study carried out in german centers. data on more than 35 000 renal transplant recipients in the usa document a cumulative nmsc incidence of over 7% after 3 years of immunosuppression. | 2014 | 24698074 |
| inhibition of kap1 enhances hypoxia-induced kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus reactivation through rbp-jκ. | hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (hif-1α) has been frequently implicated in many cancers as well as viral pathogenesis. kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is linked to several human malignancies. it can stabilize hif-1α during latent infection and undergoes lytic replication in response to hypoxic stress. however, the mechanism by which kshv controls its latent and lytic life cycle through the deregulation of hif-1α is not fully understood. our previous studies showed that the hypoxia-sen ... | 2014 | 24696491 |
| site-specific association with host and viral chromatin by kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus lana and its reversal during lytic reactivation. | latency-associated nuclear antigen (lana), a multifunctional protein expressed by the kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) in latently infected cells, is required for stable maintenance of the viral episome. this is mediated by two interactions: lana binds to specific sequences (lbs1 and lbs2) on viral dna and also engages host histones, tethering the viral genome to host chromosomes in mitosis. lana has also been suggested to affect host gene expression, but both the mechanism(s) and ro ... | 2014 | 24696474 |
| a tissue culture model of murine gammaherpesvirus replication reveals roles for the viral cyclin in both virus replication and egress from infected cells. | passage through the eukaryotic cell cycle is regulated by the activity of cyclins and their cyclin-dependent kinase partners. rhadinoviruses, such as kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) and murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (mhv68), encode a viral homologue of mammalian d-type cyclins. in mhv68, the interaction of the viral cyclin with its cdk partners is important for acute replication in the lungs following low dose inoculation. attempts to further study this requirement in vitro have been ... | 2014 | 24695529 |
| oral hhv-8 replication among women in mombasa, kenya. | human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8) replication in the oropharynx may play an important role in hhv-8 transmission and contribute to the development of kaposi sarcoma (ks) in some individuals. studies in the united states and europe report high rates of hhv-8 dna detection in saliva of hhv-8 infected men, but little is known about the natural history of hhv-8 among persons in sub-saharan africa, where prevalence of hhv-8 infection and ks is greatest. to address this gap, this study evaluated oral hhv-8 ... | 2014 | 24692069 |
| heterogeneity and breadth of host antibody response to kshv infection demonstrated by systematic analysis of the kshv proteome. | the kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus (kshv) genome encodes more than 85 open reading frames (orfs). serological evaluation of kshv infection now generally relies on reactivity to just one latent and/or one lytic protein (commonly orf73 and k8.1). most of the other polypeptides encoded by the virus have unknown antigenic profiles. we have systematically expressed and purified products from 72 kshv orfs in recombinant systems and analyzed seroreactivity in us patients with kshv-associated mal ... | 2014 | 24675986 |
| successful treatment of iatrogenic multicentric castleman's disease arising due to recrudescence of hhv-8 in a liver transplant patient. | we describe the case of a 59-year-old hiv-negative male who developed multicentric castleman's disease (mcd) 1 year postliver transplantation due to recrudescence of a pretransplant human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8) infection. he presented with fevers, dry cough, weight loss and drenching night sweats. routine investigations were all unremarkable. computerized axial tomography (ct) scans showed splenomegaly and intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy, confirmed by positron emission tomography. cervical lymph ... | 2014 | 24674650 |
| unicentric mixed variant castleman disease associated with intrabronchial plasmacytoma. | castleman disease (cd), described as a heterogeneous lymphoproliferative disorder, can be divided into different subtypes according to clinical appearance (unicentric and multicentric form) and histopathological features (hyaline vascular, plasma cell, mixed type, human herpesvirus 8-associated and multicentric not otherwise specified). unicentric cd is known to be usually of the hyaline vascular variant, plasma cell and mixed type of this form are quite uncommon. malignancies are mainly associa ... | 2014 | 24649966 |
| dissecting innate immune signaling in viral evasion of cytokine production. | in response to a viral infection, the host innate immune response is activated to up-regulate gene expression and production of antiviral cytokines. conversely, viruses have evolved intricate strategies to evade and exploit host immune signaling for survival and propagation. viral immune evasion, entailing host defense and viral evasion, provides one of the most fascinating and dynamic interfaces to discern the host-virus interaction. these studies advance our understanding in innate immune regu ... | 2014 | 24637875 |
| risk factors for kaposi's sarcoma among hiv-positive individuals in a case control study in cameroon. | individuals co-infected with kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (kshv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) are at greatly increased risk of developing kaposi's sarcoma (ks). the objective of the current analysis is to identify risk cofactors for ks among hiv-positive individuals. | 2014 | 24631417 |
| an important role for mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein in the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus life cycle. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) has been shown to be recognized by two families of pattern recognition receptors (prrs), toll-like receptors (tlrs) and nod-like receptors (nlrs). here we show that mavs and rig-i (retinoic acid-inducible gene 1), an rlr family member, also have a role in suppressing kshv replication and production. in the context of primary infection, we show that in cells with depleted levels of mavs or rig-i, kshv transcription is increased, while beta interferon ... | 2014 | 24623417 |
| hhv-8-negative, idiopathic multicentric castleman disease: novel insights into biology, pathogenesis, and therapy. | multicentric castleman's disease (mcd) describes a heterogeneous group of disorders involving proliferation of morphologically benign lymphocytes due to excessive proinflammatory hypercytokinemia, most notably of interleukin-6. patients demonstrate intense episodes of systemic inflammatory symptoms, polyclonal lymphocyte and plasma cell proliferation, autoimmune manifestations, and organ system impairment. human herpes virus-8 (hhv-8) drives the hypercytokinemia in all hiv-positive patients and ... | 2014 | 24622327 |
| kshv cell attachment sites revealed by ultra sensitive tyramide signal amplification (tsa) localize to membrane microdomains that are up-regulated on mitotic cells. | cell surface structures initiating attachment of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) were characterized using purified hapten-labeled virions visualized by confocal microscopy with a sensitive fluorescent enhancement using tyramide signal amplification (tsa). kshv attachment sites were present in specific cellular domains, including actin-based filopodia, lamellipodia, ruffled membranes, microvilli and intercellular junctions. isolated microdomains were identified on the dorsal surfac ... | 2014 | 24606685 |
| systematic analysis of a xenograft mice model for kshv+ primary effusion lymphoma (pel). | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus is the causative agent of primary effusion lymphoma (pel), which arises preferentially in the setting of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). even with standard cytotoxic chemotherapy, pel continues to cause high mortality rates, requiring the development of novel therapeutic strategies. pel xenograft models employing immunodeficient mice have been used to study the in vivo effects of a variety of therapeutic approaches. however, it remains u ... | 2014 | 24587336 |
| primary effusion lymphoma-like lymphoma in a patient with inflammatory bowel disease. | a 77-year-old man with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) and who was treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor (tnf), 6-mercaptopurine and corticosteroids, presented with primary effusion lymphoma-like lymphoma (pel-like lymphoma) with massive ascites. the patient's clinical course was complicated by acute renal insufficiency and hypotension, which led to death within 2 wk. in general, patients with ibd may have an increased risk for development of lymphoma, which is frequently associated with immu ... | 2014 | 24574759 |
| a review of human herpesvirus 8, the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, in the pediatric population. | human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8), also known as kaposi's sarcoma (ks)-associated herpesvirus, is the etiologic agent responsible for all types of ks. although the majority of pediatric ks cases occur in sub-saharan africa, a rise in pediatric transplant ks has been reported in developed countries. in addition, hhv-8 is increasingly described as an infectious cause of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in children. transmission of hhv-8 among children is poorly understood; however, the literature stro ... | 2014 | 24567845 |
| high prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 in schizophrenic patients. | many studies have reported an association between herpes family viruses and an increased risk of schizophrenia, but the role of human herpesvirus 8 (hhv8) has never been investigated. this study aimed to assess hhv8 prevalence in schizophrenic patients as well as the possible association between hhv8 infection and schizophrenia clinical features. we consecutively enrolled 108 patients meeting fourth edition of diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (dsm-iv) criteria of schizophren ... | 2014 | 24560611 |
| inhibition of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus lytic replication by hiv-1 nef and cellular microrna hsa-mir-1258. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is causally linked to several aids-related malignancies, including kaposi's sarcoma (ks), primary effusion lymphoma (pel), and multicentric castleman's disease. the interaction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and kshv has a central role in promoting the aggressive manifestations of aids-ks. we have previously shown that negative factor (nef), a secreted hiv-1 protein, synergizes with kshv viral interleukin-6 (vil-6) to promote angioge ... | 2014 | 24554664 |
| cib1 synergizes with ephrina2 to regulate kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus macropinocytic entry in human microvascular dermal endothelial cells. | kshv envelope glycoproteins interact with cell surface heparan sulfate and integrins, and activate fak, src, pi3-k, c-cbl, and rho-gtpase signal molecules in human microvascular dermal endothelial (hmvec-d) cells. c-cbl mediates the translocation of virus bound α3β1 and αvβ3 integrins into lipid rafts (lrs), where kshv interacts and activates ephrina2 (epha2). epha2 associates with c-cbl-myosin iia and augmented kshv-induced src and pi3-k signals in lrs, leading to bleb formation and macropinocy ... | 2014 | 24550731 |
| identification of human herpesvirus-8 in kaposi's sarcoma with bullous pemphigoid. | | 2014 | 24534243 |
| consensus of the brazilian society of infectious diseases and brazilian society of clinical oncology on the management and treatment of kaposi's sarcoma. | kaposi's sarcoma is a multifocal vascular lesion of low-grade potential that is most often present in mucocutaneous sites and usually also affects lymph nodes and visceral organs. the condition may manifest through purplish lesions, flat or raised with an irregular shape, gastrointestinal bleeding due to lesions located in the digestive system, and dyspnea and hemoptysis associated with pulmonary lesions. in the early 1980s, the appearance of several cases of kaposi's sarcoma in homosexual men w ... | 2014 | 24525061 |
| hhv-8 seroprevalence: a global view. | human herpes virus 8 (hhv-8) is the underlying infectious cause of kaposi sarcoma (ks) and other proliferative diseases; that is, primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric castleman disease. in regions with high hhv-8 seroprevalence in the general population, ks accounts for a major burden of disease. outside these endemic regions, hhv-8 prevalence is high in men who have sex with men (msm) and in migrants from endemic regions. we aim to conduct a systematic literature review and meta-analysis ... | 2014 | 24521144 |
| molecular typing of human herpesvirus 8 isolates from patients with kaposi's sarcoma in hungary. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks) shows a distinct geographical and ethnic distribution. genes at both ends of the human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) genome have been shown to vary considerably. seven major molecular subtypes of hhv-8 were defined based on the amino acid sequence of the open reading frame k1 (orf-k1). the aim of the present study was to characterize hhv8 isolates from hospitalized patients in hungary. | 2014 | 24511028 |
| isolated penile kaposi's sarcoma in a hiv-positive patient stable on treatment for three years. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is an aids-defining condition. typically, ks affects the skin with or without visceral involvement. the extensive use of antiretroviral therapy (art) has decreased the incidence of ks amongst the hiv-positive population. we report a case of a 40-year-old man with hiv-1 infection with cd4 count of 551 cells/mm(3)and an undetectable viral load who presented with two skin-coloured ks lesions on the prepuce of the penis. diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology. he had been co ... | 2014 | 24492851 |
| structural basis for the conserved binding mechanism of mdm2-inhibiting peptides and anti-apoptotic bcl-2 family proteins. | the interaction between tumor suppressor p53 and the anti-apoptotic bcl-2 family proteins serves a critical role in the transcription-independent apoptosis mechanism of p53. our previous studies showed that an mdm2-inhibiting motif (residues 15-29) in the p53 transactivation domain (p53tad) mediates the interaction with anti-apoptotic bcl-2 family proteins. in this study, we provided structural models of the complexes between the mdm2-inhibiting p53tad peptide and mcl-1, bcl-w, and kaposi sarcom ... | 2014 | 24491548 |
| the use of monoclonal antibodies to treat castleman's disease. | multicentric castleman's disease (mcd) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder presenting with heterogeneous clinical features and with a complex etiology. mcd incidence is increased in people living with hiv/aids when it is causally associated with kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (kshv). hiv-seronegative individuals present with either idiopathic or kshv-associated mcd. central to mcd pathology is altered expression and signaling of il-6, which promotes b-cell proliferation and causes s ... | 2014 | 24491093 |
| manipulation of endothelial cells by kshv: implications for angiogenesis and aberrant vascular differentiation. | kaposi sarcoma (ks), a viral cancer associated to kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (kshv) infection, is currently the most common tumor in men in sub-saharan africa. ks is an angiogenic tumor and characterized by the presence of aberrant vascular structures in the lesion. although our understanding of how kshv causes the aberrant differentiation of endothelial cells and the typical vascular abnormalities in ks tumors is far from complete, the experimental evidence reviewed here provides a comprehensiv ... | 2014 | 24486643 |
| kshv vcyclin counters the senescence/g1 arrest response triggered by nf-κb hyperactivation. | many oncogenic viruses activate nuclear factor-κb (nf-κb) as a part of their replicative cycles. we have shown recently that persistent and potentially oncogenic activation of nf-κb by the human t-lymphotropic virus 1 (htlv-1) oncoprotein tax immediately triggers a host senescence response mediated by cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors: p21(cip1/waf1) (p21) and p27(kip1) (p27) here we demonstrate that rela/nf-κb activation by kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (kshv) latency protein vflip also leads to ... | 2015 | 24469036 |
| treatment of kaposi sarcoma in children with hiv-1 infection. | kaposi sarcoma (ks) remains the second most frequently diagnosed hiv-related malignancy (hrm) worldwide and most common hrm in sub-saharan africa where hiv is most prevalent and human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8), the precipitating agent for the development of ks, is endemic. the majority of ks patients would likely benefit from systemic chemotherapy in addition to the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (art). however, as paediatric staging and treatment criteria are not readily available, there are ... | 2014 | 24464843 |
| kshv 2.0: a comprehensive annotation of the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus genome using next-generation sequencing reveals novel genomic and functional features. | productive herpesvirus infection requires a profound, time-controlled remodeling of the viral transcriptome and proteome. to gain insights into the genomic architecture and gene expression control in kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), we performed a systematic genome-wide survey of viral transcriptional and translational activity throughout the lytic cycle. using mrna-sequencing and ribosome profiling, we found that transcripts encoding lytic genes are promptly bound by ribosomes up ... | 2014 | 24453964 |
| short-term efficacy of the il6 receptor antibody tocilizumab in patients with hiv-associated multicentric castleman disease: report of two cases. | multicentric castleman disease (mcd) is a lymphoproliferative disorder caused by human herpesvirus 8 (hhv8) infection hiv associated mcd (hiv-mcd) presents with various clinical symptoms. many hiv-negative mcd patients are often treated with anti-human interleukin-6 (il6) receptor monoclonal antibodies (tocilizumab), and successful results have been reported. il-6 plays an important role in the development of both hiv-positive and hiv-negative mcd; however, the efficacy of tocilizumab in hiv-mcd ... | 2014 | 24438824 |
| kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus (kshv) induces akt hyperphosphorylation, bortezomib-resistance and glut-1 plasma membrane exposure in thp-1 monocytic cell line. | phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (pi3k)/akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) signaling pathway regulates multiple cellular processes such as cell proliferation, evasion from apoptosis, migration, glucose metabolism, protein synthesis and proper differentiation in immune cells. kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), an oncogenic virus associated with several human malignancies, expresses a variety of latent and lytic proteins able to activate pi3k/akt pathway, promoting the growth of infe ... | 2013 | 24422998 |
| viral cyclin promotes kshv-induced cellular transformation and tumorigenesis by overriding contact inhibition. | kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is a tumor virus encoding several proto-oncogenes. however, the roles of these viral genes in kshv-induced tumorigenesis have not been defined. in this study, we used a recently developed model of kshv-induced cellular transformation and tumorigenesis combining with a reverse genetic system to examine the role of a kshv latent gene vcyclin (orf72), a cellular cyclin d2 homolog, in kshv-induced oncogenesis. deletion of vcyclin did not affect cell proli ... | 2014 | 24419204 |
| kshv micrornas mediate cellular transformation and tumorigenesis by redundantly targeting cell growth and survival pathways. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is causally linked to several human cancers, including kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric castleman's disease, malignancies commonly found in hiv-infected patients. while kshv encodes diverse functional products, its mechanism of oncogenesis remains unknown. in this study, we determined the roles kshv micrornas (mirs) in cellular transformation and tumorigenesis using a recently developed kshv-induced cellular transformatio ... | 2013 | 24385912 |
| human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-negative and human herpes virus-8 (hhv-8)-positive primary effusion lymphoma: a case report and review of the literature. | primary effusion lymphoma (pel) is a rare type of non-hodgkin lymphoma that presents with serosal effusion in body cavities, without obvious tumor masses. although pel occurs in immunocompromised patients that are human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) positive, it also occurs in immunocompetent human herpes virus-8 (hhv-8)-positive patients. herein we present an immunocompetent, hiv-negative, cd-20-negative, hhv-8-positive patient with pleural effusion that was diagnosed as pel. the chop protocol a ... | 2013 | 24385757 |
| disseminated kaposi's sarcoma without cutaneous involvement. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is a low-grade vascular tumor caused by infection with human herpesvirus 8. prior to the aids epidemic, ks was rare in the united states. with the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy, ks has become far less common, now occurring at a rate of about 6 cases per million people each year. it is still seen most commonly in those infected with hiv, and cutaneous manifestations represent the most common presentation. in this case, we describe a patient with disseminated ... | 2014 | 24381399 |
| phase ii trial of imatinib in aids-associated kaposi's sarcoma: aids malignancy consortium protocol 042. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is a disease of multifocal vascular proliferation that requires infection with ks herpes virus (kshv/hhv-8). activation of the c-kit and platelet-derived growth factor (pdgf) receptors by autocrine/paracrine mechanisms follows endothelial cell kshv infection. in a pilot study, imatinib, a c-kit/pdgf-receptor inhibitor, induced partial regression of aids-associated ks (aids-ks) in five of 10 patients. | 2014 | 24378417 |
| non-human immunodeficiency virus-related kaposi's sarcoma of the oropharynx: a case report and review of the literature. | kaposi's sarcoma is a malignant, slowly progressing, mesenchymal neoplasm characterized by a proliferation of connective tissue and capillaries. clinical presentation is usually as nodules and red-purple plaques. this case report not only represents an uncommon presentation of kaposi's sarcoma in a non-immunocompromised patient, but also supports the role of viral infection in the pathogenesis of this disease. it provides some interesting information about this rare disease, particularly in pati ... | 2013 | 24378063 |
| kshv: pathways to tumorigenesis and persistent infection. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv; also known as human herpesvirus 8) is the etiologic agent of kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric castleman's disease. these cancers often occur in the context of immunosuppression, which has made kshv-associated malignancies an increasing global health concern with the persistence of the aids epidemic. kshv has also been linked to several acute inflammatory diseases. kshv exists between a lytic and latent lifecycle, which a ... | 2014 | 24373311 |
| kaposi sarcoma in a patient with chronic renal failure undergoing dialysis. | kaposi sarcoma (ks) is a multicentric proliferative vascular tumor involving the skin and other organs. human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) has been detected in ks lesions and is considered the putative causative agent of ks. the relationship between chronic renal failure, hhv-8, and ks is not clear. ks appears to develop in association with renal transplantation, but is unlikely with dialysis, and there have been few reports on this. here, we report the case of a 51-year-old man, who underwent peritone ... | 2013 | 24371396 |
| pharyngolaryngeal location of kaposi's sarcoma with airway obstruction in an hiv-negative patient. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is a human herpes virus-8 (hhv-8)-associated angioproliferative disorder, and its occurrence may be favored by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and iatrogenic immunosuppression. it has also been postulated that a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin can pave the way to its development. ks generally involves mucosal and cutaneous sites, including the head and neck. an oropharyngeal location is quite common, but laryngeal involvement with possible upper airway ... | 2013 | 24362871 |
| brain localization of kaposi's sarcoma in a patient treated by combination antiretroviral therapy. | central nervous system is a very rare site of kaposi's sarcoma in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. kaposi's sarcoma, a neoplasm of endothelial origin, occurs mainly in the skin, but can involve many tissues, especially in patients with a poor immunity. combination antiretroviral therapy, highly active against human immunodeficiency virus type-1, has caused a dramatic reduction of cutaneous and visceral involvements. no report of central nervous system localization of kaposi's sarcoma is descr ... | 2013 | 24359263 |
| a case of multicentric castleman's disease in hiv infection with the rare complication of acquired angioedema. | multicentric castleman's disease (mcd), a polyclonal lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown aetiology, is a well-recognised complication of hiv disease. we present a case of mcd in an hiv-positive patient that is unusual on two counts: our patient's mcd first presented in the context of an immune restoration inflammatory syndrome (iris), following the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart). in addition, her mcd was associated with the unusual complication of acquired angioed ... | 2014 | 24352125 |
| a man with oral lesions, constipation and back pain. | we describe an unusual presentation of disseminated kaposi sarcoma in a 49-year-old african-american man with aids who was admitted to the hospital for constipation and back pain. magnetic resonance imagings of the thoracic and lumbar spine were grossly abnormal, however, a biopsy of the iliac crest was interpreted as normal. the patient remained a diagnostic enigma until disseminated kaposi sarcoma was suspected, based on vascular plaque-like lesions observed on his hard palate and right conjun ... | 2014 | 24352119 |
| isolated oral kaposi sarcoma in an hiv-negative patient: a case report. | kaposi sarcoma is a well-known vascular tumor first described by moriz kaposi in 1872. oral involvement is seen as an aids-related malignant neoplasm but is rarely described in hiv-negative and non-immunosuppressed individuals. | 2013 | 24341128 |
| human herpesvirus-8: kaposi sarcoma, multicentric castleman disease, and primary effusion lymphoma. | human herpesvirus 8 (hhv8) is a gamma herpesvirus associated with kaposi sarcoma, multicentric castleman disease, and primary effusion lymphoma, lymphoproliferative diseases that are most commonly observed in immunocompromised individuals. the viral genome expresses genes responsible for inhibition of apoptosis, cell cycle entry, and angiogenesis. viral homologs of human regulatory genes are expressed, providing stimuli for angiogenesis, b-cell proliferation, and immune evasion. variations in ex ... | 2013 | 24319170 |
| a critical sp1 element in the rhesus rhadinovirus (rrv) rta promoter confers high-level activity that correlates with cellular permissivity for viral replication. | kshv establishes characteristic latent infections in vitro, while rrv, a related macaque rhadinovirus, establishes characteristic permissive infections with virus replication. we identified cells that are not permissive for rrv replication and recapitulate the latent kshv infection and reactivation processes. the rrv replication and transactivator (rta) promoter was characterized in permissive and non-permissive cells and compared to the kshv rta promoter. both promoters contained a critical sp1 ... | 2014 | 24314650 |
| tocilizumab monotherapy in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and iatrogenic kaposi sarcoma. | kaposi sarcoma (ks) is a human herpesvirus-8-associated lymphoangioproliferative neoplasm. both human and viral interleukin-6 (il-6) proteins seem to drive much of the clinical manifestations of ks, which provides a new target for intervention by using il-6-neutralizing antibodies. we describe the clinical course of a patient in whom tocilizumab, a monoclonal anti-il-6 receptor antibody approved for rheumatoid arthritis (ra) treatment, was effective not only in inducing ra remission but was also ... | 2014 | 24307431 |
| risk factors for early childhood infection of human herpesvirus-8 in zambian children: the role of early childhood feeding practices. | human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8) infection in early childhood is common throughout sub-saharan africa with prevalence increasing throughout childhood. specific routes of transmission have not been clearly delineated, though hhv-8 is present in high concentrations in saliva. | 2014 | 24296855 |
| yglf motif in the kaposi sarcoma herpes virus g-protein-coupled receptor adjusts nf-κb activation and paracrine actions. | kaposi sarcoma (ks) and primary effusion lymphoma (pel) are two pathologies associated with ks herpes virus (kshv/hhv-8) infection. kshv genome contains several oncogenes, among which, the viral g-protein-coupled receptor (vgpcr open reading frame 74) has emerged as a major factor in ks pathogenicity. indeed, vgpcr is a constitutively active receptor, whose expression is sufficient to drive cell transformation in vitro and tumour development in mice. however, neither the role of vgpcr in kshv-in ... | 2014 | 24292677 |
| castleman's disease and primary effusion lymphoma in a hiv-positive patient. | we present a case of primary effusion lymphoma (pel) occurring simultaneously with castleman's disease in the same patient. castleman's disease is distinct from pel, although both are associated with hhv-8. other cases have debated whether the coexistence of pel and castleman's disease is a recurrence of an original pel tumour in an extracavitary site, or a secondary hhv-8-associated lymphoma distinct from primary pel. our case, along with those described previously, show that co-occurrence of p ... | 2014 | 24287026 |
| kaposi sarcoma in an patient with atopic dermatitis treated with ciclosporin. | there are four clinical subtypes of kaposi sarcoma (ks): classic, endemic, epidemic and iatrogenic. the geographical prevalence of the endemic variant matches areas of human herpes virus type 8 (hhv8) seroprevalence. the iatrogenic variant, seen in immunosuppressed patients, can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. this is the first report of ks described in the context of atopic dermatitis (ad) treated with ciclosporin (csa). we report a case of ks in an hhv8 seropositive con ... | 2013 | 24265347 |
| efficient infection of a human b cell line with cell-free kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is causatively linked to two b cell lymphoproliferative disorders, multicentric castleman's disease and primary effusion lymphoma. latently infected b cells are a major kshv reservoir, and virus activation from tonsillar b cells can result in salivary shedding and virus transmission. paradoxically, human b cells (primary and continuous) are notoriously refractory to infection, thus posing a major obstacle to the study of kshv in this cell type. by p ... | 2014 | 24257608 |
| p53 tumor suppressor protein stability and transcriptional activity are targeted by kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded viral interferon regulatory factor 3. | viruses have developed numerous strategies to counteract the host cell defense. kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is a dna tumor virus linked to the development of kaposi's sarcoma, castleman's disease, and primary effusion lymphoma (pel). the virus-encoded viral interferon regulatory factor 3 (virf-3) gene is a latent gene which is involved in the regulation of apoptosis, cell cycle, antiviral immunity, and tumorigenesis. virf-3 was shown to interact with p53 and inhibit p53-mediat ... | 2014 | 24248600 |
| histone deacetylase classes i and ii regulate kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus reactivation. | in primary effusion lymphoma (pel) cells infected with latent kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), the promoter of the viral lytic switch gene, rta, is organized into bivalent chromatin, similar to cellular developmental switch genes. histone deacetylase (hdac) inhibitors (hdacis) reactivate latent kshv and dramatically remodel the viral genome topology and chromatin architecture. however, reactivation is not uniform across a population of infected cells. we sought to identify an hdac ... | 2014 | 24227836 |
| molecular studies and therapeutic targeting of kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (kshv/hhv-8) oncogenesis. | kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus or human herpesvirus-8 (kshv/hhv-8) is the etiological agent of kaposi's sarcoma (ks), an aids-defining angioproliferative neoplasm that continues to be a major global health problem and, of primary effusion lymphoma (pel), a rare incurable b-cell lymphoma. this review describes the research from our laboratory and its collaborators to uncover molecular mechanisms of viral oncogenesis in order to develop new pathogenesis-based therapies to the kshv-induced aids malig ... | 2013 | 24203444 |
| multicentric castleman's disease, associated with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. | the most common cause of a neck mass in young adults is hyperplastic lymphadenopathy consequent to infection and inflammation. castleman's disease (cd), an unusual benign lymphoproliferative disorder, infrequently causes neck masses. it occurs in unicentric (ucd) and multicentric (mcd) forms and is associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), human herpes virus 8 (hhv-8), and kaposi's sarcoma. we present the third known association between mcd and previous immune thrombocytopenia in the a ... | 2013 | 24198982 |
| human herpesvirus 8 interleukin-6 contributes to primary effusion lymphoma cell viability via suppression of proapoptotic cathepsin d, a cointeraction partner of vitamin k epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 variant 2. | human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) interleukin-6 (vil-6) promotes cell proliferation and survival and is proangiogenic, implicating it as a contributor to virus-associated kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma (pel), and multicentric castleman's disease. although predominantly lytically expressed, vil-6 is also produced at low, functional levels during latency in pel cells. unlike other il-6 cytokines, vil-6 is secreted very inefficiently and localizes in the endoplasmic reticulum (er). er-locali ... | 2014 | 24198402 |
| small bowel obstruction caused by a large b-cell lymphoma in a patient with multicentric castleman's disease: an unusual occurrence. | multicentric castleman's disease is a rare condition of systemic nonclonal lymph node hyperplasia. because of its strong association with human herpes virus 8 (hhv8), the multicentric, more aggressive, form may progress to kaposi sarcoma or non-hodgkin lymphoma. while surgery is curative in the treatment of localized castleman's disease, operative treatment of the diffuse form has as yet been unsatisfactory. we report the case of a patient presenting with postprandial vomiting of 1 month duratio ... | 2014 | 24178952 |
| the cellular peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase pin1 regulates reactivation of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus from latency. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) causes kaposi's sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma. kshv-infected cells are predominantly latent, with a subset undergoing lytic reactivation. rta is the essential lytic switch protein that reactivates virus by forming transactivation-competent complexes with the notch effector protein rbp-jk and promoter dna. strikingly, rta homolog analysis reveals that prolines constitute 17% of conserved residues. rta is also highly phosphorylated in vivo. we ... | 2014 | 24173213 |
| targeting sphingosine kinase induces apoptosis and tumor regression for kshv-associated primary effusion lymphoma. | sphingosine kinase (sphk) is overexpressed by a variety of cancers, and its phosphorylation of sphingosine results in accumulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate (s1p) and activation of antiapoptotic signal transduction. existing data indicate a role for s1p in viral pathogenesis, but roles for sphk and s1p in virus-associated cancer progression have not been defined. rare pathologic variants of diffuse large b-cell lymphoma arise preferentially in the setting of hiv infection, including primary eff ... | 2014 | 24140934 |
| comparison of salivary collection and processing methods for quantitative hhv-8 detection. | saliva is a proved diagnostic fluid for the qualitative detection of infectious agents, but the accuracy of viral load determinations is unknown. stabilising fluids impede nucleic acid degradation, compared with collection onto ice and then freezing, and we have shown that the dna genotek p-021 prototype kit (p-021) can produce high-quality dna after 14 months of storage at room temperature. here we evaluate the quantitative capability of 10 collection/processing methods. | 2014 | 24134156 |
| a unique case of classic kaposi's sarcoma restricted to the toes. | kaposi's sarcoma associated-herpesvirus causes all forms of kaposi's sarcoma, and six major subtypes have been described based on the amino acid sequences of the open reading frame k1. | 2013 | 24133565 |
| high prevalence of hhv8 infection and specific killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors allotypes in sardinian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. | the development of type 2 diabetes is thought to involve both environmental, possibly infectious, and genetic factors. recently, a high prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 (hhv8) infection was observed in type 2 diabetes patients, and specific killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (kir) allotypes were associated to both increased susceptibility to herpesvirus infection and risk to develop diabetes. however, no clear gene-disease or virus-disease associations have been established. to investiga ... | 2014 | 24122895 |
| [human herpesvirus 8 related kaposi's sarcoma in a pediatric liver transplant recipient: case report]. | patients under immunosuppressive treatment are at risk of developing malignant tumors. primary infection or reactivation of human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) may predispose to kaposi's sarcoma (ks) after solid organ transplantation. ks in pediatric liver transplant recipients has low incidence and poor prognosis. we report the clinical presentation of a ks in lymph node following hhv-8 infection in a pediatric patient presenting four months after liver transplantation. he had a good outcome with suspe ... | 2013 | 24092038 |
| electrochemotherapy as "new standard of care" treatment for cutaneous kaposi's sarcoma. | electrochemotherapy (ect) is a novel modality for the treatment of skin nodules and cutaneous or subcutaneous tumors that allows delivery of low and non-permeant drug into cells. the aim of this prospective single-center study was to evaluate ect efficacy in the local treatment of classic kaposi's sarcoma (cks) skin localization stage i-ii sec. brambilla et al. | 2014 | 24075826 |
| review of latent and lytic phase biomarkers in kaposi's sarcoma. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is a vascular neoplasm with distinct clinical-epidemiological subtypes and varied clinical presentations. while the association of ks with human herpesvirus-8 (hhv8, kshv) infection is well known, additional factors are needed for tumorigenesis. the precise sequence of events involved in ks development, progression and regression continues to be investigated. the discovery of kshv biomarkers is helpful for diagnostic purposes, for understanding ks pathogenesis and for ident ... | 2013 | 24070121 |
| kaposi' s sarcoma in hiv-positive patients: the state of art in the haart-era. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is a multicentric angioproliferative cancer of endothelial origin typically occurring in the context of immunodeficiency, i.e. coinfection with human immonodeficiency virus (hiv) or transplantation. the incidence of ks has dramatically decreased in both us and europe in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) era. however, ks remains the second most frequent tumor in hiv-infected patients worldwide and it has become the most common cancer in sub-saharan africa. in ... | 2013 | 24065230 |
| seroprevalence of human herpesvirus-8 in hiv-1 infected and uninfected individuals in cameroon. | we evaluated the prevalence of hhv-8 antibodies in 516 plasma samples collected from hiv positive and negative patients from blood banks and urban areas of cameroon. among hiv-1 positive samples, hhv-8 seropositivity rate was 61% based on combined reactivity using both elisa and ifa techniques. hiv negative samples showed 62% seropositivity rate for hhv-8 antibodies. our results indicate a high hhv-8 prevalence rate in both hiv infected and uninfected individuals in cameroon. | 2013 | 24056671 |
| proteomic screening of human targets of viral micrornas reveals functions associated with immune evasion and angiogenesis. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is caused by infection with kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv). the virus expresses unique micrornas (mirnas), but the targets and functions of these mirnas are not completely understood. in order to identify human targets of viral mirnas, we measured protein expression changes caused by multiple kshv mirnas using pulsed stable labeling with amino acids in cell culture (psilac) in primary endothelial cells. this led to the identification of multiple human genes ... | 2013 | 24039573 |
| microrna expression profiles in kaposi's sarcoma. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is a mesenchymal tumor, caused by human herpesvirus 8 (hhv8) with molecular and cytogenetic changes poorly understood. to gain further insight on the underlying molecular changes in ks, we performed microrna (mirna) microarray analysis of 17 kaposi's sarcoma specimens. three normal skin specimens were used as controls. the most significant differentially expressed mirna were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). we detected in k ... | 2014 | 24027049 |
| hippuristanol reduces the viability of primary effusion lymphoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. | primary effusion lymphoma (pel) caused by kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (also known as human herpesvirus-8) shows serious lymphomatous effusion in body cavities. pel is difficult to treat and there is no standard treatment strategy. hippuristanol is extracted from okinawan coral isis hippuris, and inhibits translational initiation by blocking eukaryotic initiation factor 4a, an atp-dependent rna helicase, binding to mrna. recently, there has been much interest in targeting translation ... | 2013 | 24018901 |
| oncogenic herpesvirus hhv-8 promotes androgen-independent prostate cancer growth. | mechanisms underlying progression to androgen-independent prostate cancer following radical ablation therapy remain poorly defined. although intraprostatic infections have been highlighted as potential cofactors, pathogen influences on pathways that support tumor regrowth are not known. to explore this provocative concept, we derived androgen-sensitive and -insensitive prostate epithelial cells persistently infected with human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8), an oncogenic herpesvirus that has been detecte ... | 2013 | 24005834 |
| generation of a stable cell line for constitutive mirna expression. | mirnas have in recent years emerged as novel players in virus-host interactions. while individual mirnas are capable of regulating many targets simultaneously, not much is known about the role of distinct host or viral mirnas in the context of infection. analysis of the function of a mirna is often hampered by the complexity of virus-host interactions and the enormous changes in the host cell during infection. many viral mirnas as for example from kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) are ... | 2013 | 23996258 |
| human herpesvirus 8+ polyclonal igmλ b-cell lymphocytosis mimicking plasmablastic leukemia/lymphoma in hiv-infected patients. | multicentric castleman disease (mcd) is a distinct lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by inflammatory symptoms, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and cytopenia. kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), also called human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8), is the cause of virtually all cases of mcd occurring in patients with hiv infection. mcd lesions characteristically contain hhv-8-infected polyclonal igmλ plasmablasts. a high frequency of hhv-8-related non-hodgkin lymphoma has been reported in ... | 2013 | 23992152 |
| kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus k-rta exhibits sumo-targeting ubiquitin ligase (stubl) like activity and is essential for viral reactivation. | the small ubiquitin-like modifier (sumo) is a protein that regulates a wide variety of cellular processes by covalent attachment of sumo moieties to a diverse array of target proteins. sumoylation also plays an important role in the replication of many viruses. previously, we showed that kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) encodes a sumo-ligase, k-bzip, which catalyzes sumoylation of host and viral proteins. we report here that this virus also encodes a gene that functions as a sumo-t ... | 2013 | 23990779 |
| the product of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus immediate early gene k4.2 regulates immunoglobulin secretion and calcium homeostasis by interacting with and inhibiting perp1. | chaperones are proteins that assist the noncovalent folding and assembly of macromolecular polypeptide chains, ultimately preventing the formation of nonfunctional or potentially toxic protein aggregates. plasma cell-induced-endoplasmic reticulum (er)-resident protein 1 (perp1) is a cellular chaperone that is preferentially expressed in marginal-zone b cells and is highly upregulated during plasma cell differentiation. while initially identified as a dedicated factor for the assembly of secreted ... | 2013 | 23986581 |
| [investigation of hhv-8 prevalence in anti-hiv-1 positive patients in istanbul, turkey]. | human herpes virus-8 (hhv-8) infections are associated with kaposi's sarcoma (ks), multiple castleman disease and primary effusion lymphoma, and particularly important in hiv/aids and transplantation patients. the aim of this prospective study was to detect hhv-8 prevalence in hiv-1-infected patients,in a turkish population. a total of 85 anti-hiv-1 positive patients (53 male, 32 female; age range: 1-70 years) diagnosed at istanbul faculty of medicine, infectious diseases and clinical microbiolo ... | 2013 | 23971926 |
| the viral kshv chemokine vmip-ii inhibits the migration of naive and activated human nk cells by antagonizing two distinct chemokine receptors. | natural killer (nk) cells are innate immune cells able to rapidly kill virus-infected and tumor cells. two nk cell populations are found in the blood; the majority (90%) expresses the cd16 receptor and also express the cd56 protein in intermediate levels (cd56(dim) cd16(pos)) while the remaining 10% are cd16 negative and express cd56 in high levels (cd56(bright) cd16(neg)). nk cells also reside in some tissues and traffic to various infected organs through the usage of different chemokines and c ... | 2013 | 23966863 |
| association of kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) with bladder cancer in croatian patients. | as the seventh most common human malignancy, bladder cancer represents a global health problem. in addition to well-recognized risk factors such as smoking and exposure to chemicals, various infectious agents have been implicated as cofactors in the pathogenesis of urothelial malignancies. the aim of the present study was to assess the possible association of viral infection and bladder cancer in croatian patients. biopsy specimens were collected from a total of 55 patients diagnosed with differ ... | 2014 | 23959475 |
| isolated bulbar conjunctival kaposi's sarcoma as a primary presentation of aids: a case report. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is a malignant vascular tumor, caused by the human herpesvirus 8. it is one of the commonest tumors in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) patients and not uncommonly the first manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). case. we present a case of an isolated bulbar conjunctival ks on a 43-year-old hiv positive male, with no other lesions. excision and cryotherapy were performed, and the patient remains free of lesions to date. conclusion. isolated bulbar con ... | 2013 | 23936703 |
| the dna helicase-primase complex as a target for herpes viral infection. | the herpesviridae are responsible for debilitating acute and chronic infections, and some members of this family are associated with human cancers. conventional anti-herpesviral therapy targets the viral dna polymerase and has been extremely successful; however, the emergence of drug-resistant virus strains, especially in neonates and immunocompromised patients, underscores the need for continued development of anti-herpes drugs. in this article, we explore an alternative target for antiviral th ... | 2013 | 23930666 |
| role of human herpesvirus 8 interleukin-6-activated gp130 signal transducer in primary effusion lymphoma cell growth and viability. | human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) infection is associated with kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma (pel), and multicentric castleman's disease. hhv-8-encoded viral interleukin-6 (vil-6) is believed to contribute to pathogenesis via proproliferative, antiapoptotic, and proangiogenic activities. in pel cells, vil-6 is produced in functional amounts during viral latency and promotes the growth of these cells, mediating its activity from the endoplasmic reticulum (er), where it is predominantly lo ... | 2013 | 23903842 |
| virus-encoded endonucleases: expected and novel functions. | endonucleases catalyze critical steps in the processing, function, and turnover of many cellular rnas. it is, therefore, not surprising that a number of viruses encode endonucleases that play important roles in viral gene expression. the virion host shutoff (vhs) endonuclease of herpes simplex virus, the sox protein of kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (kshv), and the influenza virus pb1 endonuclease have well-characterized functions that stem from their abilities to cleave rna. vhs accelerates turnove ... | 2013 | 23900973 |
| primary effusion lymphoma. | primary effusion lymphoma is a large cell non-hodgkin lymphoma localized predominantly in body cavities and occasionally in extracavitary regions. it presents with characteristic lymphomatous effusions in the absence of solid tumor masses, and pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial spaces are most often involved. it is typically associated with human herpesvirus 8 infection in immunocompromised individuals, in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus infection, organ transplantation, or in rare ... | 2013 | 23899073 |
| inherited human ox40 deficiency underlying classic kaposi sarcoma of childhood. | kaposi sarcoma (ks), a human herpes virus 8 (hhv-8; also called kshv)-induced endothelial tumor, develops only in a small fraction of individuals infected with hhv-8. we hypothesized that inborn errors of immunity to hhv-8 might underlie the exceedingly rare development of classic ks in childhood. we report here autosomal recessive ox40 deficiency in an otherwise healthy adult with childhood-onset classic ks. ox40 is a co-stimulatory receptor expressed on activated t cells. its ligand, ox40l, is ... | 2013 | 23897980 |