| the rcs phosphorelay: more than just a two-component pathway. | the rcs phosphorelay is a complex signaling pathway found in many, but not all, members of the enterobacteriaceae. the complexity of this pathway is due to the direct involvement of three proteins (rcsc, rcsd and rcsb) in the phosphorelay and the presence of multiple accessory proteins with important roles in modulating the inputs and outputs associated with this signaling pathway. this article will discuss the various inputs and outputs associated with the rcs phosphorelay and also present a mo ... | 2010 | 20722597 |
| salmonella enterica isolates from pasture-raised poultry exhibit antimicrobial resistance and class i integrons. | while considerable foodborne pathogen research has been conducted on conventionally produced broilers and turkeys, few studies have focused on free-range (organic) or pastured poultry. the current surveillance study was designed to isolate, identify and genetically characterize salmonella from pastured poultry farm environment and from retail samples. | 2010 | 20722876 |
| [a case of salmonella enterica serovar typhi with decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin]. | the use of fluoroquinolone (fq) as first line therapy for typhoid fever should be reconsidered because of the emergence of salmonella typhi and paratyphi a strains with decreased susceptibility to fq, mainly from asia. relapse can occur when ciprofloxacin mic is over 0.12 mg/l, as illustrated by our case report. azithromycin can be used successfully for patients infected with reduced ciprofloxacin susceptibility isolates. literature review led us to suggest a new therapeutic strategy for uncompl ... | 2010 | 20724089 |
| transcriptional autoregulation of the rcscdb phosphorelay system in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the rcscdb (rcs) phosphorelay system is involved in the regulation of many envelope genes, such as those responsible for capsule synthesis, flagella production and o-antigen chain length, as well as in other cellular activities of several enteric bacteria. the system is composed of three proteins: the sensor rcsc, the response regulator rcsb, and the phospho-transfer intermediary protein rcsd. previously, we reported two important aspects of this system: (a) rcsb gene expression is under the con ... | 2010 | 20724387 |
| increasing trend of resistance to nalidixic acid and emerging ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin resistance in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in slovakia, 2005 to 2009. | a 5-year survey from 2005 to 2009 revealed an increasing trend of resistance to nalidixic acid (from 0% in 2005 to 11% in 2009) among 858 clinical isolates of salmonella typhimurium. in addition, 10 ceftriaxone-resistant and 3 ciprofloxacin-resistant salmonella typhimurium isolates were detected over the period of study. | 2010 | 20727477 |
| estimating the primary etiologic agents in recreational freshwaters impacted by human sources of faecal contamination. | epidemiology studies of recreational waters have demonstrated that swimmers exposed to faecally-contaminated recreational waters are at risk of excess gastrointestinal illness. epidemiology studies provide valuable information on the nature and extent of health effects, the magnitude of risks, and how these risks are modified or associated with levels of faecal contamination and other measures of pollution. however, such studies have not provided information about the specific microbial agents t ... | 2010 | 20728915 |
| effect of probiotic-, bacteriophage-, or organic acid-supplemented feeds or fermented soybean meal on the growth performance, acute-phase response, and bacterial shedding of grower pigs challenged with salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium. | a 28-d experiment evaluated the growth performance, acute-phase response, and bacterial shedding patterns in pigs (n = 108; initially, 38.7 ± 6.7 kg) fed 6 treatment diets, including a control diet with no antimicrobial agents (con), a positive control diet containing chlortetracycline, 100 mg/kg (ct), a diet containing anti-salmonella typhimurium bacteriophage, 3 × 10(9) plaque-forming units/kg of feed (asb), lactobacillus plantarum cjlp56, 6.5 × 10(8) cfu/kg of feed (lp), 0.2% microencapsulate ... | 2010 | 20729283 |
| video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (vats) drainage of salmonella enteritidis empyema and needle-localization for retrieval of a dropped gallstone. | spillage of gallstones into the peritoneal cavity (dropped gallstones) is more common in laparoscopic compared with open cholecystectomy. subsequent infectious complications are often delayed, occurring in 0.1% to 2.9% of cases. we present the first reported case of salmonella enterica subphrenic abscess and empyema complicating dropped gallstones, treated with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (vats), and surgical retrieval. | 2010 | 20729699 |
| dynamics of growth and dissemination of salmonella in vivo. | the last decade has witnessed increasing research on dissemination of bacterial pathogens in their hosts and on the processes that underlie bacterial spread and growth during organ colonization. here, we discuss work on the mouse model of human typhoid fever caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. this has revealed the use of several routes of systemic dissemination that result in colonization and growth within the spleen and liver, the major sites of bacterial proliferation. we also ... | 2010 | 20731667 |
| efficacy of intracellular activated promoters for generation of salmonella-based vaccines. | salmonella enterica is a versatile vaccine carrier for heterologous antigens. one strategy for vaccine antigen delivery is the use of live attenuated s. enterica strains that translocate heterologous antigens into antigen-presenting cells by means of type iii secretion systems (t3ss). the feasibility of this approach has been demonstrated in various experimental vaccination studies. the efficacy of recombinant live vaccines is critically influenced by the optimal level of attenuation and many ot ... | 2010 | 20732994 |
| antimicrobial resistance testing of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli and first description of tem-52 extended-spectrum β-lactamase in serogroup o26. | we have investigated the antimicrobial resistance of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) strains isolated from humans, animals, food, and the environment in belgium. resistance was more frequent in non-o157 strains from humans than in o157 strains from humans or other sources, and among non-o157 vtec strains, intimin-positive strains were more resistant than intimin-negative strains. we also report the first vtec strain producing an inci1 extended-spectrum β-lactamase encoded by plas ... | 2010 | 20733038 |
| evaluation of quantitative pcr measurement of bacterial colonization of epithelial cells. | microbial colonization is an important step in establishing pathogenic or probiotic relations to host cells and in biofilm formation on industrial or medical devices. the aim of this work was to verify the applicability of quantitative pcr (real-time pcr) to measure bacterial colonization of epithelial cells. salmonella enterica and caco-2 intestinal epithelial cell line was used as a model. to verify sensitivity of the assay a competition of the pathogen cells to probiotic microorganism was tes ... | 2010 | 20734752 |
| isolation of non-typhoidal salmonella from a haematopoietic progenitor cell product. | | 2010 | 20735761 |
| detection and differentiation of live and heat-treated salmonella enterica serovars inoculated onto chicken breast using fourier transform infrared (ft-ir) spectroscopy. | to evaluate fourier transform infrared (ft-ir) techniques for detecting, quantifying, and differentiating viable and heat-treated cells of salmonella enterica serovars from chicken breast. | 2010 | 20738442 |
| improved identification of epidemiologically related strains of salmonella enterica by use of a fusion algorithm based on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis. | pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (mlva) are used to assess genetic similarity between bacterial strains. there are cases, however, when neither of these methods quantifies genetic variation at a level of resolution that is well suited for studying the molecular epidemiology of bacterial pathogens. to improve estimates based on these methods, we propose a fusion algorithm that combines the information obtained from both pfge and mlv ... | 2010 | 20739482 |
| involvement of tip60 acetyltransferase in intracellular salmonella replication. | salmonella enterica is a facultative intracellular pathogen that replicates within a membrane-bound compartment termed salmonella containing vacuole (scv). the biogenesis of scv requires salmonella type iii protein secretion/translocation system and their effector proteins which are translocated into host cells to exploit the vesicle trafficking pathways. ssef is one of these effectors required for scv formation and intracellular salmonella replication through unknown mechanisms. | 2010 | 20796290 |
| purified galactooligosaccharide, derived from a mixture produced by the enzymic activity of bifidobacterium bifidum, reduces salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium adhesion and invasion in vitro and in vivo. | the prebiotic bimuno(®) is a mixture containing galactooligosaccharides (goss), produced by the galactosyltransferase activity of bifidobacterium bifidum ncimb 41171 using lactose as the substrate. previous in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrating the efficacy of bimuno(®) in reducing salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) colonization did not ascertain whether or not the protective effects could be attributed to the prebiotic component gos. here we wished to test the hypothe ... | 2010 | 20798214 |
| immunological responses induced by asd and wzy/asd mutant strains of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in balb/c mice. | attenuated bacteria have long been developed as vaccine candidates but can have some disadvantages, such as the potential for damage to immune organs due to insufficient clearance. to minimize these disadvantages, we generated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium mutants shj2104 (asd::cm) and htsaya (wzy::km, asd::cm). the wzy gene codes for the o-antigen polymerase, which is involved in lipopolysaccharide (lps) biosynthesis, and asd codes for aspartate beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, which ... | 2010 | 20799091 |
| osteomyelitis in adults: an underrecognized clinical entity in immunocompetent hosts. a report of six cases. | osteomyelitis is rare in adults and typically occurs in patients with risk factors such as sickle cell disease or immune deficiency. cases in immunocompetent adults without sickle cell disease are extremely rare. the objective of this work was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological features and the management of long-bone osteomyelitis in immunocompetent adults without sickle cell disease. | 2011 | 20800526 |
| biogenesis of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium membrane vesicles provoked by induction of pagc. | gram-negative bacteria ubiquitously release membrane vesicles (mvs) into the extracellular milieu. although mvs are the product of growing bacteria, not of cell lysis or death, the regulatory mechanisms underlying mv formation remained unknown. we have found that mv biogenesis is provoked by the induction of pagc, a salmonella-specific protein whose expression is activated by conditions that mimic acidified macrophage phagosomes. pagc is a major constituent of salmonella mvs, and increased expre ... | 2010 | 20802043 |
| sensitization of microcin j25-resistant strains by a membrane-permeabilizing peptide. | microcin j25 (mccj25) is a plasmid-encoded, 21-amino-acid, antibacterial peptide produced by escherichia coli. mccj25 inhibits rna polymerase and the membrane respiratory chain. mccj25 uptake into e. coli-sensitive strains is mediated by the outer membrane receptor fhua and the inner membrane proteins tonb, exbb, exbd, and sbma. this peptide is active on some e. coli, salmonella, and shigella species strains, while other gram-negative bacteria, such as clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae, ... | 2010 | 20802073 |
| differential phenotypic diversity among epidemic-spanning salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis isolates from humans or animals. | nontyphoidal salmonellae are major causes of food-borne disease worldwide. in uruguay, salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis was the most commonly isolated serovar throughout the last decade, with a marked epidemic period between 1995 and 2004. in a previous study, we conducted comparative genomics of 29 epidemic-spanning s. enteritidis field isolates, and here we evaluated the pathogenic potential of the same set of isolates using several phenotypic assays. the sample included 15 isolates fro ... | 2010 | 20802078 |
| group b salmonella in lungworms from a harbour porpoise (phocoena phocoena). | | 2010 | 20802194 |
| growth temperature associated protein expression and membrane fatty acid composition profiles of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | total cellular proteins and fatty acid composition profiles of mid-log phase cells of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium grown at 8, 25, 37 or 42 °c were separated by 2d-page and fame analysis. growth temperature associated protein expression can be grouped into 3 thermal classes which include proteins whose expression is: i) optimal at 37 °c, meaning their expression peaked at 37 °c; ii) up-regulated with an increase in growth temperature; iii) down-regulated with increase in growth temper ... | 2010 | 20806250 |
| the phage shock protein pspa facilitates divalent metal transport and is required for virulence of salmonella enterica sv. typhimurium. | the phage shock protein (psp) system is induced by extracytoplasmic stress and thought to be important for the maintenance of proton motive force. we investigated the contribution of pspa to salmonella virulence. a pspa deletion mutation significantly attenuates the virulence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium following intraperitoneal inoculation of c3h/hen (ity(r) ) mice. pspa was found to be specifically required for virulence in mice expressing the natural resistance-associated macro ... | 2010 | 20807201 |
| a rapid change in virulence gene expression during the transition from the intestinal lumen into tissue promotes systemic dissemination of salmonella. | bacterial pathogens causing systemic disease commonly evolve from organisms associated with localized infections but differ from their close relatives in their ability to overcome mucosal barriers by mechanisms that remain incompletely understood. here we investigated whether acquisition of a regulatory gene, tvia, contributed to the ability of salmonella enterica serotype typhi to disseminate from the intestine to systemic sites of infection during typhoid fever. to study the consequences of ac ... | 2010 | 20808848 |
| multi-locus sequence typing of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates from wild birds in northern england suggests host-adapted strain. | recent studies have suggested that salmonella typhimurium strains associated with mortality in uk garden birds are significantly different from strains that cause disease in humans and livestock and that wild bird strains may be host adapted. however, without further genomic characterization of these strains, it is not possible to determine whether they are host adapted. the aim of this study was to characterize a representative sample of salm. typhimurium strains detected in wild garden birds u ... | 2010 | 20809923 |
| targeting tumor gene by shrna-expressing salmonella-mediated rnai. | rna interference (rnai) has been established as an important research tool that carries great potential for gene therapy. however, targeted induction of rnai in vivo has met with significant challenges. in this study, a novel psls plasmid capable of expressing short hairpin rnas (shrnas) was transformed into attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strain 7207 (sl). in vitro infection studies with the transformed s. enterica containing psls (sl-psls-cat) demonstrated that expression of ... | 2011 | 20811467 |
| a bacterial mrna leader that employs different mechanisms to sense disparate intracellular signals. | bacterial mrnas often contain leader sequences that respond to specific metabolites or ions by altering expression of the associated downstream protein-coding sequences. here we report that the leader rna of the mg(2+) transporter gene mgta of salmonella enterica, which was previously known to function as a mg(2+)-sensing riboswitch, harbors an 18 codon proline-rich open reading frame-termed mgtl-that permits intracellular proline to regulate mgta expression. interfering with mgtl translation by ... | 2010 | 20813261 |
| multiple-serotype salmonella gastroenteritis outbreak after a reception --- connecticut, 2009. | in september 2009, the connecticut department of public health (dph) identified an outbreak of salmonella gastroenteritis among attendees at a reception. a case-control study and environmental and laboratory investigations were conducted. nine case-patients and 14 control subjects were identified. potato salad consumption was strongly associated with illness (odds ratio [or] = 84.0). during the investigation, food service workers were observed to have bare-handed contact with ready-to-eat food. ... | 2010 | 20814404 |
| in macrophages, caspase-1 activation by sope and the type iii secretion system-1 of s. typhimurium can proceed in the absence of flagellin. | the innate immune system is of vital importance for protection against infectious pathogens. inflammasome mediated caspase-1 activation and subsequent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines like il-1beta and il-18 is an important arm of the innate immune system. salmonella enterica subspecies 1 serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium, sl1344) is an enteropathogenic bacterium causing diarrheal diseases. different reports have shown that in macrophages, s. typhimurium may activate caspase-1 by at least ... | 2010 | 20814576 |
| deep sequencing of the innate immune transcriptomic response of zebrafish embryos to salmonella infection. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) bacteria cause an inflammatory and lethal infection in zebrafish embryos. to characterize the embryonic innate host response at the transcriptome level, we have extended and validated previous microarray data by illumina next-generation sequencing analysis. we obtained 10 million sequence reads from control and salmonella-infected zebrafish embryos using a tag-based sequencing method (dge or tag-seq) and 15 million reads using whole transc ... | 2010 | 20816807 |
| intracellular survival of salmonella enterica serovar typhi in human macrophages is independent of salmonella pathogenicity island (spi)-2. | for successful infection, salmonella enterica secretes and injects effector proteins into host cells by two distinct type three secretion systems (t3sss) located on salmonella pathogenicity islands (spis)-1 and -2. the spi-2 t3ss is involved in intracellular survival of s. enterica serovar typhimurium and systemic disease. as little is known regarding the function of the spi-2 t3ss from s. enterica serovar typhi, the aetiological agent of typhoid fever, we investigated its role for survival in h ... | 2010 | 20817644 |
| members of the yjgf/yer057c/uk114 family of proteins inhibit phosphoribosylamine synthesis in vitro. | the yjgf/yer057c/uk114 family of proteins is highly conserved across all three domains of life and currently lacks a consensus biochemical function. analysis of salmonella enterica strains lacking yjgf has led to a working model in which yjgf functions to remove potentially toxic secondary products of cellular enzymes. strains lacking yjgf synthesize the thiamine precursor phosphoribosylamine (pra) by a trpd-dependent mechanism that is not present in wild-type strains. here, pra synthesis was re ... | 2010 | 20817725 |
| a conserved acetyl esterase domain targets diverse bacteriophages to the vi capsular receptor of salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | a number of bacteriophages have been identified that target the vi capsular antigen of salmonella enterica serovar typhi. here we show that these vi phages represent a remarkably diverse set of phages belonging to three phage families, including podoviridae and myoviridae. genome analysis facilitated the further classification of these phages and highlighted aspects of their independent evolution. significantly, a conserved protein domain carrying an acetyl esterase was found to be associated wi ... | 2010 | 20817773 |
| selection and characterization of a multivalent salmonella phage and its production in a nonpathogenic escherichia coli strain. | we report the selection and amplification of the broad-host-range salmonella phage phi pvp-se1 in an alternative nonpathogenic host. the lytic spectrum and the phage dna restriction profile were not modified upon replication in escherichia coli bl21, suggesting the possibility of producing this phage in a nonpathogenic host, contributing to the safety and easier approval of a product based on this salmonella biocontrol agent. | 2010 | 20817806 |
| plasmid profile and drug resistance pattern of zoonotic salmonella isolates from indian buffaloes. | buffalo is the major source of animal protein in south-east asia, including india; therefore, the presence of multiple drug resistance in salmonella strains of buffalo meat and milk products is of immense public health concern. | 2010 | 20818099 |
| joint effects of topoisomerase alterations and plasmid-mediated quinolone-resistant determinants in salmonella enterica typhimurium. | alterations in topoisomerases and plasmid-mediated quinolone-resistant (pmqr) determinants have been identified as main quinolone-resistant mechanisms in salmonella enterica typhimurium. but the joint effects of these mechanisms have not been thoroughly characterized in homologous salmonella typhimurium strains. in this study, isogenic topoisomerase mutants were constructed using phage λ red recombinase system and phage transduction. and the joint effects of topoisomerase mutations (gyra [s83f], ... | 2011 | 20818995 |
| the friedreich's ataxia protein frataxin modulates dna base excision repair in prokaryotes and mammals. | dna-repair mechanisms enable cells to maintain their genetic information by protecting it from mutations that may cause malignant growth. recent evidence suggests that specific dna-repair enzymes contain iscs (iron-sulfur clusters). the nuclearencoded protein frataxin is essential for the mitochondrial biosynthesis of iscs. frataxin deficiency causes a neurodegenerative disorder named friedreich's ataxia in humans. various types of cancer occurring at young age are associated with this disease, ... | 2010 | 20819074 |
| multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis for discriminating within salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium definitive types and investigation of outbreaks. | summarythe discriminatory power of multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (mlva) needs to be evaluated for all salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) phage types so that the power of this methodology is understood and results can be interpreted correctly during outbreak investigations. we evaluated the ability of mlva to characterize four definitive phage types (dt) problematic in new zealand. mlva discriminated between dt104 isolates although ... | 2010 | 20822575 |
| molecular and virulence characteristics of multi-drug resistant salmonella enteritidis strains isolated from poultry. | forty-six salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) strains were isolated from chicken meat, faeces, and eggshells collected from hatcheries throughout korea. the strains were examined for the presence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes. all 46 isolates were resistant to at least one of 21 antibiotics used in this study, 30 (65.2%) were resistant to three or more antimicrobials, and a single remarkable isolate was resistant to 15 antimicrobials. th ... | 2010 | 20822940 |
| interactions of the transmembrane polymeric rings of the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium type iii secretion system. | the type iii secretion system (t3ss) is an interspecies protein transport machine that plays a major role in interactions of gram-negative bacteria with animals and plants by delivering bacterial effector proteins into host cells. t3sss span both membranes of gram-negative bacteria by forming a structure of connected oligomeric rings termed the needle complex (nc). here, the localization of subunits in the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium t3ss nc were probed via mass spectrometry-assisted ... | 2010 | 20824104 |
| specific responses of salmonella enterica to tomato varieties and fruit ripeness identified by in vivo expression technology. | recent outbreaks of vegetable-associated gastroenteritis suggest that enteric pathogens colonize, multiply and persist in plants for extended periods of time, eventually infecting people. genetic and physiological pathways, by which enterics colonize plants, are still poorly understood. | 2010 | 20824208 |
| genetic diversity among offspring from archived salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar typhimurium (demerec collection): in search of survival strategies. | extensive phenotypic and genomic diversity was detected among offspring of salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar typhimurium lt2 (nonmutator) and lt7 (mutator, mutl) strains after decades of storage in sealed nutrient agar stabs. in addition to numerous losses in carbon and nitrogen metabolism, the acquired new metabolites indicated that alternate pathways were established. particularly striking was the array of phage types when this phenotype was expected to be a stable feature. evidence is ... | 2010 | 20825350 |
| bacteraemia with pleural effusions complicating typhoid fever caused by high-level ciprofloxacin-resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhi. | an unusual case of bacteraemia with bilateral pleural effusion caused by salmonella enterica serotype typhi in a 10-year-old previously healthy girl is reported. the organism was isolated from pleural fluid aspirate and from blood, and exhibited high-level ciprofloxacin resistance (mic 16 μg/ml) associated with triple mutations in the qrdrs of the gyra and parc genes leading to the amino-acid changes ser83→phe and asp87→asn in gyra and ser80→ile in parc. the patient was successfully treated with ... | 2010 | 20828458 |
| effect of temperature and time of storage on protein stability and anti-salmonella activity of egg white. | hen egg white contains numerous molecules of interest for human health, including antimicrobial proteins. little information is available concerning changes in the antimicrobial activity of egg white during storage; therefore, we analyzed the potential of egg white to inhibit growth of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis following storage at 4, 20, or 37°c for 30 days prior to inoculation. egg white displayed higher anti-salmonella activity after a few days of storage at 20 and 37°c. the rat ... | 2010 | 20828465 |
| occurrence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of salmonella species in retail meat products. | in the present study, a total of 225 retail meat products (poultry meat, ground beef, and beef samples) were tested for the prevalence of salmonella. of these, 50 (22.2%) were positive for salmonella. overall, the pathogen was detected in 22 (29.3%) samples of poultry meat (n = 75), 16 (21.3%) samples of ground beef (n = 75), and 12 (16%) samples of beef (n = 75). the most common isolate was salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (9.8%), followed by s. bongori species (8.9%) and s. enterica sub ... | 2010 | 20828466 |
| use of high-concentration-short-time chlorine dioxide gas treatments for the inactivation of salmonella enterica spp. inoculated onto roma tomatoes. | salmonella outbreaks have been recently linked to the consumption of fresh tomatoes. thus, there is a need to develop systems that reduce the risk of microbial contamination to increase product shelf-life and keep fresh fruit attributes. the objectives of this study were to evaluate high-concentration-short-time chlorine dioxide gas treatments effects on salmonella-inoculated roma tomatoes and determine the optimal treatment conditions for microbial inactivation and shelf-life extension. effects ... | 2010 | 20832678 |
| the effects of x-ray radiation on escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica and shigella flexneri inoculated on whole roma tomatoes. | in the last two decades several foodborne disease outbreaks associated with produce were reported. tomatoes, in particular, have been associated with several multi-state salmonella outbreaks. inactivation of inoculated escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica and shigella flexneri on whole roma tomato surfaces by x-ray at 0.1, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.5 kgy was studied. the main purpose of this study was to achieve a 5 log reduction in consistent with the recommendation ... | 2010 | 20832685 |
| latency of the lipid a deacylase pagl is involved in producing a robust permeation barrier in the outer membrane of salmonella enterica. | lipid a deacylase pagl, which detoxifies endotoxin, is latent in salmonella enterica. this study determined the biological significance of this latency. pagl latency was beneficial for bacteria in producing a robust permeation barrier through lipid a modifications under host-mimetic conditions that induced the modification enzymes, including pagl. | 2010 | 20833808 |
| role of cross talk in regulating the dynamic expression of the flagellar salmonella pathogenicity island 1 and type 1 fimbrial genes. | salmonella enterica, a common food-borne pathogen, differentially regulates the expression of multiple genes during the infection cycle. these genes encode systems related to motility, adhesion, invasion, and intestinal persistence. key among them is a type three secretion system (t3ss) encoded within salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi1). in addition to the spi1 t3ss, other systems, including flagella and type 1 fimbriae, have been implicated in salmonella pathogenesis. in this study, we inv ... | 2010 | 20833811 |
| suitable disk antimicrobial susceptibility breakpoints defining salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. | infections with salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates that have reduced susceptibility to ofloxacin (mic ≥ 0.25 μg/ml) or ciprofloxacin (mic ≥ 0.125 μg/ml) have been associated with a delayed response or clinical failure following treatment with these antimicrobials. these isolates are not detected as resistant using current disk susceptibility breakpoints. we examined 816 isolates of s. typhi from seven asian countries. screening for nalidixic acid resistance (mic ≥ 16 μg/ml) identified is ... | 2010 | 20837759 |
| stimulation of human dendritic cells by wild-type and m protein mutant vesicular stomatitis viruses engineered to express bacterial flagellin. | vesicular stomatitis viruses (vsvs) containing wild-type (wt) or mutant matrix (m) proteins are being developed as candidate vaccine vectors due to their ability to induce innate and adaptive immunity. viruses with wt m protein, such as recombinant wild-type (rwt) virus, stimulate maturation of dendritic cells (dc) through toll-like receptor 7 (tlr7) and its adaptor molecule myd88. however, m protein mutant viruses, such as rm51r-m virus, stimulate both tlr7-positive and tlr7-negative dc subsets ... | 2010 | 20844045 |
| systematic review of animal models of post-infectious/post-inflammatory irritable bowel syndrome. | post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (pi-ibs) is a subset of ibs which occurs after an episode of acute gastrointestinal infections. the mechanisms of pi-ibs are not fully understood. currently, numerous animal models have been used in the study of pi-ibs. this article reviews the strengths and weaknesses of these models. | 2011 | 20848144 |
| oral delivery of a dna vaccine against tuberculosis using operator-repressor titration in a salmonella enterica vector. | attenuated salmonella enterica offers a vaccine delivery route that has the benefits of enhanced immunogenicity and oral delivery. the majority of immunization studies have been conducted to deliver recombinant proteins, expressed from a gene that is either chromosomally integrated or carried on a low- or medium-copy number plasmid. there are, however, an increasing number of reports demonstrating the delivery of dna vaccines, but the high-copy number plasmids that are preferentially used for th ... | 2010 | 20851079 |
| changes in ultrastructure and fourier transform infrared spectrum of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium cells after exposure to stress conditions. | the effect of exposure to acid (ph 2.5), alkaline (ph 11.0), heat (55°c), and oxidative (40 mm h₂o₂) lethal conditions on the ultrastructure and global chemical composition of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium cect 443 cells was studied using transmission electron microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ft-ir) combined with multivariate statistical methods (hierarchical cluster analysis and factor analysis). infrared spectra exhibited marked differences in the five spectral ... | 2010 | 20851964 |
| salmonella enterica in commercial swine feed and subsequent isolation of phenotypically and genotypically related strains from fecal samples. | the purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence and genotypic relatedness of salmonella enterica isolates recovered from feed and fecal samples in commercial swine production units. of 275 feed samples, salmonella was detected in 10 feed samples that originated from 8 of 36 (22.2%) barns, with a prevalence of 3.6% (10/275 samples). in fecal samples, a prevalence of 17.2% was found at the early finishing stage (1,180/6,880 samples), with a significant reduction in prevalence (7.4%) when ... | 2010 | 20851969 |
| occurrence of purulent arthritis broilers vertically infected with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in korea. | salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (salmonella enteritidis) has been associated with morbidity and mortality in broiler chickens worldwide. the present study described purulent arthritis of broilers infected with salmonella enteritidis and investigated antibiograms and genetic characteristics of salmonella enteritidis isolates from epidemiologically related properties such as a hatchery and breeder farm in an attempt to elucidate the source of contamination. clinical disease and mortality w ... | 2010 | 20852102 |
| potent antilisterial cell-free supernatants produced by complex red-smear cheese microbial consortia. | the microbial surface ripening consortia of 49 soft cheeses were investigated with respect to their inhibition of listeria monocytogenes. when l. monocytogenes egde (serovar 1/2a) was cultivated in cell-free supernatants obtained from consortia grown for 8 h in liquid medium, a strong bactericidal activity was observed in several cases. the cell-free supernatants of 2 of these consortia (i and ii) reduced an initial l. monocytogenes inoculum of 5 × 10(7) cfu/ml to zero after 24 h of incubation. ... | 2010 | 20854983 |
| macrorestriction analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of salmonella enterica at a university teaching hospital, kuala lumpur. | the genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance rates of clinical salmonella isolates (2007-2008) at the university of malaya medical centre, kuala lumpur, were investigated and the genetic diversity of the isolates was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and repetitive extragenic palindromic (rep)-pcr. xbai-pfge analysis generated 57 profiles (dice coefficient, f=0.08-1.00), whereas rep-pcr using the rep primer generated only 35 (f=0.34-1.00). pfge was therefore the more di ... | 2010 | 20858996 |
| optical genetic mapping defines regions of chromosomal variation in serovars of s. enterica subsp. enterica of concern for human and animal health. | summaryinfections involving salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars have serious animal and human health implications; causing gastroenteritis in humans and clinical symptoms, such as diarrhoea and abortion, in livestock. in this study an optical genetic mapping technique was used to screen 20 field isolate strains from four serovars implicated in disease outbreaks. the technique was able to distinguish between the serovars and the available sequenced strains and group them in agreement wit ... | 2010 | 20860874 |
| improved detection of five major gastrointestinal pathogens by use of a molecular screening approach. | the detection of bacterial and parasitic gastrointestinal pathogens through culture and microscopy is laborious and time-consuming. we evaluated a molecular screening approach (msa) for the detection of five major enteric pathogens: salmonella enterica, campylobacter jejuni, giardia lamblia, shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec), and shigella spp./enteroinvasive e. coli (eiec), for use in the daily practice of a clinical microbiology laboratory. the msa consists of prescreening of stool ... | 2010 | 20861334 |
| analysis and construction of pathogenicity island regulatory pathways in salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | signal transduction through protein-protein interactions and protein modifications are the main mechanisms controlling many biological processes. here we described the implementation of medscan information extraction technology and pathway studio software (ariadne genomics inc.) to create a salmonella specific molecular interaction database. using the database, we have constructed several signal transduction pathways in salmonella enterica serovar typhi which causes typhoid fever, a major health ... | 2010 | 20861532 |
| carbohydrate binding of salmonella phage p22 tailspike protein and its role during host cell infection. | tsps (tailspike proteins) are essential infection organelles of bacteriophage p22. upon infection, p22tsp binds to and cleaves the o-antigen moiety of the lps (lipopolysaccharide) of its salmonella host. to elucidate the role of tsp during infection, we have studied binding to oligosaccharides and polysaccharides of salmonella enterica typhimurium and enteritidis in vitro. p22tsp is a trimeric β-helical protein with a carbohydrate-binding site on each subunit. octasaccharide o-antigen fragments ... | 2010 | 20863318 |
| gut inflammation provides a respiratory electron acceptor for salmonella. | salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium (s. typhimurium) causes acute gut inflammation by using its virulence factors to invade the intestinal epithelium and survive in mucosal macrophages. the inflammatory response enhances the transmission success of s. typhimurium by promoting its outgrowth in the gut lumen through unknown mechanisms. here we show that reactive oxygen species generated during inflammation react with endogenous, luminal sulphur compounds (thiosulphate) to form a new respirato ... | 2010 | 20864996 |
| compact disk (cd)-shaped device for single cell isolation and pcr of a specific gene in the isolated cell. | for immediate discrimination among isolated cells we propose a novel device and technique for isolation of cells and sequential detection of specific gene(s) within them by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). in this study, we isolated salmonella enterica cells and detected the salmonella-specific inva gene from isolated cells by pcr on a compact disk (cd)-shaped device. this device enabled liquid flow by centrifugal force without a micro pump, and was fabricated from silicon wafer and glass to avo ... | 2010 | 20865405 |
| tetrabutylammonium phosphate-assisted separation of multiplex polymerase chain reaction products in non-gel sieving capillary electrophoresis. | a method based on non-gel sieving capillary electrophoresis (ngs-ce) with ultraviolet (uv) detection has been developed for the separation of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) products of three pathogenic bacteria in which hydroxypropylmethylcellulose was used as the sieving medium and dynamic capillary coating. in the method, an ion pair reagent, tetrabutylammonium phosphate (tbap), was first used in ngs-ce to improve the detection sensitivities and resolutions of dna fragments. the int ... | 2010 | 20868644 |
| high-throughput universal probe salmonella serotyping (upss) by nanopcr. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar identification is of great importance with respect to outbreak monitoring and case verification. therefore rapid, sensitive and cost efficient detection of salmonella spp. is indispensable within microbiology labs. to amalgamate single tube isolate identification with salmonella typing, we developed the high-throughput universal probe salmonella serotyping (upss) technique based on nano liter pcr. in comparison to the classical approach, where o- and h ... | 2010 | 20869995 |
| structural insight into the mechanisms of transport across the salmonella enterica pdu microcompartment shell. | bacterial microcompartments are a functionally diverse group of proteinaceous organelles that confine specific reaction pathways in the cell within a thin protein-based shell. the propanediol utilizing (pdu) microcompartment contains the reactions for metabolizing 1,2-propanediol in certain enteric bacteria, including salmonella. the pdu shell is assembled from a few thousand protein subunits of several different types. here we report the crystal structures of two key shell proteins, pdua and pd ... | 2010 | 20870711 |
| fitness effects of replichore imbalance in salmonella enterica. | a fitness cost due to imbalanced replichores has been proposed to provoke chromosome rearrangements in salmonella enterica serovars. to determine the impact of replichore imbalance on fitness, the relative fitness of isogenic salmonella strains containing transposon-held duplications of various sizes and at various chromosomal locations was determined. although duplication of certain genes influenced fitness, a replichore imbalance of up to 16° did not affect fitness. | 2010 | 20870772 |
| analogies and homologies in lipopolysaccharide and glycoprotein biosynthesis in bacteria. | bacteria generate and attach countless glycan structures to diverse macromolecules. despite this diversity, the mechanisms of glycoconjugate biosynthesis are often surprisingly similar. the focus of this review is on the commonalities between lipopolysaccharide (lps) and glycoprotein assembly pathways and their evolutionary relationship. three steps that are essential for both pathways are completed by membrane proteins. these include the initiation of glycan assembly through the attachment of a ... | 2010 | 20871101 |
| mutant prevention concentration (mpc) of ciprofloxacin against salmonella enterica of epidemic and poultry origin. | salmonella isolates resistant or with reduced susceptibility to quinolones increased in recent years. the mutant prevention concentration (mpc) is a new alternative that can prevent the selection and multiplication of resistant salmonella spp. strains. the mpc of ciprofloxacin (cipmpc) was evaluated for 312 salmonella enterica strains of epidemic and poultry origin susceptible and resistant to nalidixic acid (nal). the cipmpc for nal-susceptible strains were in the range from 0.002 to 4 μg/ml an ... | 2010 | 20872005 |
| molecular epidemiological investigation of a typhoid fever outbreak in south africa, 2005: the relationship to a previous epidemic in 1993. | summaryin 2005, over 600 clinically diagnosed typhoid fever cases occurred in south africa, where an outbreak had been previously described in 1993. case-control and molecular investigations, including salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) isolates from that area from 1993, 2005 and later, were undertaken. controls were significantly older than cases (p=0·003), possibly due to immunity from previous infection, and a significantly larger proportion had attended a gathering (p=0·035). expos ... | 2010 | 20875199 |
| influence of rpos mutations on the response of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to solar radiation. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is an important pathogen, and exhibits considerable resistance to the lethal effects of solar radiation. to evaluate the involvement of the rpos transcription factor in the defense mechanisms of this organism, the sunlight response of a wild type strain (atcc14028) was compared with that of an rpos mutant, which exhibited increased sensitivity. kinetics of cell death was complex in both strains, probably due to the presence of a variety of targets for the ... | 2010 | 20875749 |
| dissemination of invasive salmonella via bacterial-induced extrusion of mucosal epithelia. | salmonella enterica is an intracellular bacterial pathogen that resides and proliferates within a membrane-bound vacuole in epithelial cells of the gut and gallbladder. although essential to disease, how salmonella escapes from its intracellular niche and spreads to secondary cells within the same host, or to a new host, is not known. here, we demonstrate that a subpopulation of salmonella hyperreplicating in the cytosol of epithelial cells serves as a reservoir for dissemination. these bacteria ... | 2010 | 20876119 |
| a multi-pronged search for a common structural motif in the secretion signal of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium type iii effector proteins. | many pathogenic gram-negative bacteria use a type iii secretion system (t3ss) to deliver effector proteins into the host cell where they reprogram host defenses and facilitate pathogenesis. the first 20-30 n-terminal residues usually contain the 'secretion signal' that targets effector proteins for translocation, however, a consensus sequence motif has never been discerned. recent machine-learning approaches, such as support vector machine (svm)-based identification and evaluation of virulence e ... | 2010 | 20877914 |
| the protective effect of bdellovibrio-and-like organisms (balo) on tilapia fish fillets against salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar typhimurium. | to characterize freshwater bdellovibrio-and-like organisms (balo) isolated in china and examine their potential in controlling growth of salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar typhimurium on tilapia fillets. | 2010 | 20880363 |
| [salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection presenting as a retrocecal mass in an 8-year-old child]. | minor salmonellosis is due to gram-negative bacilli, which usually cause enterocolitis with potentially severe complications. we report on a case of a clinically uncommon presentation of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection in an 8-year-old child who presented with acute abdominal pain. we discuss clinically uncommon presentations of salmonella disease in children, as well as its pathology and radiology. | 2010 | 20880679 |
| characterization of antimicrobial resistance in salmonella enterica food and animal isolates from colombia: identification of a qnrb19-mediated quinolone resistance marker in two novel serovars. | ninety-three salmonella isolates recovered from commercial foods and exotic animals in colombia were studied. the serotypes, resistance profiles and where applicable the quinolone resistance genes were determined. salmonella anatum (n=14), uganda (19), braenderup (10) and newport (10) were the most prevalent serovars, and resistance to tetracycline (18.3%), ampicillin (17.2%) and nalidixic acid (14%) was most common. nalidixic acid-resistant isolates displayed minimum inhibitory concentrations r ... | 2010 | 20883500 |
| presence of salmonella pathogenicity island 2 genes in seafood-associated salmonella serovars and the role of the ssec gene in survival of salmonella enterica serovar weltevreden in epithelial cells. | the type iii secretion system encoded by the salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi-2) has a central role in the pathogenesis of systemic infections by salmonella. sixteen genes (ssau, ssab, ssar, ssaq, ssao, ssas, ssap, ssat, sscb, ssef, sseg, ssee, ssed, ssec, ssad and ssca) of spi-2 were targeted for pcr amplification in 57 seafood-associated serovars of salmonella. the ssec gene of spi-2 was found to be absent in two isolates of salmonella enterica serovar weltevreden, sw13 and sw39. absence ... | 2010 | 20884689 |
| evaluation of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis pathogenicity island-1 proteins as vaccine candidates against s. enteritidis challenge in chickens. | salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) is a major cause of gastrointestinal disease in humans worldwide, which mainly results from the consumption of contaminated poultry meat and eggs. vaccination of chickens is an important strategy to lower the prevalence of salmonella in poultry flocks. the s. enteritidis type 3 secretion system (t3ss) encoded on salmonella pathogenicity island-1 (spi-1) is an important virulence factor that plays a role in invasion and systemic spread in c ... | 2010 | 20888713 |
| fliz regulates expression of the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 invasion locus by controlling hild protein activity in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | a prerequisite for salmonella enterica to cause both intestinal and systemic disease is the direct injection of effector proteins into host intestinal epithelial cells via a type three secretion system (t3ss); the t3ss genes are carried on salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi1). these effector proteins induce inflammatory diarrhea and bacterial invasion. expression of the spi1 t3ss is tightly regulated in response to environmental signals through a variety of global regulatory systems. we have ... | 2010 | 20889744 |
| biologically active isoforms of cobb sirtuin deacetylase in salmonella enterica and erwinia amylovora. | sirtuins are nad(+)-dependent protein deacylases that are conserved in all domains of life and are involved in diverse cellular processes, including control of gene expression and central metabolism. eukaryotic sirtuins have n-terminal extensions that have been linked to protein multimerization and cellular localization. here the first evidence of sirtuin isoforms in bacteria is reported. the enterobacterium salmonella enterica synthesizes two isoforms of cobb sirtuin, a shorter 236-amino-acid i ... | 2010 | 20889757 |
| effect of salmonella vaccination of breeder chickens on contamination of broiler chicken carcasses in integrated poultry operations. | while measures to control carcass contamination with salmonella at the processing plant have been implemented with some success, on-farm interventions that reduce salmonella prevalence in meat birds entering the processing plant have not translated well on a commercial scale. we determined the impact of salmonella vaccination on commercial poultry operations by monitoring four vaccinated and four nonvaccinated breeder (parental) chicken flocks and comparing salmonella prevalences in these flocks ... | 2010 | 20889797 |
| control by fur of the nitrate respiration regulators narp and narl in salmonella enterica. | anaerobic metabolism is controlled by several transcriptional regulators, including arca, fnr, narp, and narl, with the fnr and arca proteins sensitive to the cell's redox status. specifically, the two-component arcab system is activated in response to the oxidation state of membrane-bound quinones, which are the central electron carriers of respiration. fnr, by contrast, directly senses cellular oxidation status through the [4fe-4s] cluster present in its own structure. in this study, a third a ... | 2010 | 20890837 |
| inactivation and recovery of listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica and staphylococcus aureus after high hydrostatic pressure treatments up to 900 mpa. | high hydrostatic pressure (hp) processing is used in the food industry to enhance the safety and extend the shelf-life of food. although a drastic decrease in microbial viability is achieved immediately after the application of hp treatments, under favorable conditions the injured bacteria can recover. the present study evaluated the inactivation and recovery of five strains of listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica and staphylococcus aureus subjected to pressures of 400, 600, and 900 mpa u ... | 2010 | 20890844 |
| evaluation of the pathogenicity and virulence of three strains of salmonella organisms in calves and pigs. | to assess in pigs the pathogenicity and virulence of 3 strains of salmonella spp capable of causing atypical salmonellosis in cattle. | 2010 | 20919903 |
| proteomic analysis of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis following propionate adaptation. | salmonella enteritidis is a highly prevalent and persistent foodborne pathogen and is therefore a leading cause of nontyphoidal gastrointestinal disease worldwide. a variety of stresses are endured throughout its infection cycle, including high concentrations of propionate (pa) within food processing systems and within the gut of infected hosts. prolonged pa exposure experienced in such milieus may have a drastic effect on the proteome of salmonella enteritidis subjected to this stress. | 2010 | 20920181 |
| selective testing of ß-galactosidase activity in the laboratory identification of salmonella and shigella species. | salmonella and shigella species are pathogens of great medical and public health importance. however, laboratory identification of these organisms is time consuming. using current standard laboratory algorithms, the vast majority of organisms submitted for serological typing with salmonella-specific and shigella-specific antisera are not clinically significant. | 2010 | 20924038 |
| viable but nonculturable state of foodborne pathogens in grapefruit juice: a study of laboratory. | several foodborne human pathogens, when exposed to harsh conditions, enter viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state; however, still open is the question whether vbnc pathogens could be a risk for public health, because, potentially, they can resuscitate. moreover, cultural methods for food safety control were not able to detect vbnc forms of foodborne bacteria. particularly, it has not been established whether food chemophysical characteristics can induce vbnc state in contaminating pathogen bacter ... | 2010 | 20932087 |
| effect of chlorine dioxide gas on salmonella enterica inoculated on navel orange surfaces and its impact on the quality attributes of treated oranges. | microorganisms, including pathogens of public health significance, have been shown to contaminate orange juice during the mechanical extraction of juice. the problem gets exacerbated when washed oranges have high initial microbial load, due to an insufficient postharvest treatment. the objective of this study was to investigate the reduction of salmonella enterica on orange surfaces using clo₂ gas treatments to achieve a 5 log reduction, consistent with the recommendations of the u.s. department ... | 2010 | 20932090 |
| evolution and population structure of salmonella enterica serovar newport. | salmonellosis caused by salmonella enterica serovar newport is a major global public health concern, particularly because s. newport isolates that are resistant to multiple drugs (mdr), including third-generation cephalosporins (mdr-ampc phenotype), have been commonly isolated from food animals. we analyzed 384 s. newport isolates from various sources by a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme to study the evolution and population structure of the serovar. these were compared to the populatio ... | 2010 | 20935094 |
| fliz induces a kinetic switch in flagellar gene expression. | fliz is an activator of class 2 flagellar gene expression in salmonella enterica. to understand its role in flagellar assembly, we investigated how fliz affects gene expression dynamics. we demonstrate that fliz participates in a positive-feedback loop that induces a kinetic switch in class 2 gene expression. | 2010 | 20935096 |
| crl binds to domain 2 of σ(s) and confers a competitive advantage on a natural rpos mutant of salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | the rpos sigma factor (σ(s)) is the master regulator of the bacterial response to a variety of stresses. mutants in rpos arise in bacterial populations in the absence of stress, probably as a consequence of a subtle balance between self-preservation and nutritional competence. we characterized here one natural rpos mutant of salmonella enterica serovar typhi (ty19). we show that the rpos allele of ty19 (rpos(ty19)) led to the synthesis of a σ(s)(ty19) protein carrying a single glycine-to-valine ... | 2010 | 20935100 |
| trans-silac: sorting out the non-cell-autonomous proteome. | non-cell-autonomous proteins are incorporated into cells that form tight contacts or are invaded by bacteria, but identifying the full repertoire of transferred proteins has been a challenge. here we introduce a quantitative proteomics approach to sort out non-cell-autonomous proteins synthesized by other cells or intracellular pathogens. our approach combines stable-isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture (silac), high-purity cell sorting and bioinformatics analysis to identify the repe ... | 2010 | 20935649 |
| investigation of the mechanisms by which listeria monocytogenes grows in porcine gallbladder bile. | the food-borne pathogen listeria monocytogenes is known to colonize the lumen of the gallbladder in infected mice and to grow rapidly in this environment (j. hardy et al., science 303:851-853, 2004). however, relatively little is known about the mechanisms utilized by the pathogen to survive and grow in this location. we utilized gallbladder bile (gb bile) isolated directly from porcine gallbladders as an ex vivo model of gallbladder growth. we demonstrate that gb bile is generally nontoxic for ... | 2010 | 20937762 |
| molecular and phenotypic characteristics of salmonella enterica serovar 4,5,12:i:- isolated from cattle and humans in iwate prefecture, japan. | a total of 15 isolates of salmonella enterica serovar 4,5,12:i:- obtained from diseased cows and patients in iwate prefecture, japan, were characterized to clarify the genetic basis of this serovar. s. typhimurium- specific is200 was detected from all the isolates. a 94-kb plasmid and the spvb gene were detected from all but one of the 15 isolates. the results of pcr mapping of the fljab operon and its flanking regions indicate that there are deletions or mutations in this chromosomal region. th ... | 2010 | 20938106 |
| comparative susceptibility of salmonella typhimurium biofilms of different ages to disinfectants. | there is a general consensus that with increasing age a biofilm shows increased resistance to antimicrobials. in this study the susceptibility of 3-, 5- and 7-day-old salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium biofilms to disinfectants was evaluated. it was hypothesized that 7-day-old biofilms would be more resistant to disinfectants compared to 3- and 5-day-old biofilms. biofilms were formed using the mbec™ system and treated with six chemical disinfectants for 1 and 5 min. four disinfectants at t ... | 2010 | 20938850 |
| an outbreak of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype oranienburg in michigan dairy calves. | the objectives of this study were to report an outbreak of highly drug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype oranienburg in dairy calves, and conduct an epidemiological investigation of oranienburg identified on a dairy herd during a study to determine whether discontinuing feeding medicated milk replacer to preweaned dairy calves resulted in increased antimicrobial susceptibility in enteric bacteria. calf fecal samples and swabs of calf and maternity pens were collected monthly over 18 months. ... | 2010 | 20939741 |
| flio regulation of flip in the formation of the salmonella enterica flagellum. | the type iii secretion system of the salmonella flagellum consists of 6 integral membrane proteins: flha, flhb, flio, flip, fliq, and flir. however, in some other type iii secretion systems, a homologue of flio is apparently absent, suggesting it has a specialized role. deleting the flio gene from the chromosome of a motile strain of salmonella resulted in a drastic decrease of motility. incubation of the δflio mutant strain in motility agar, gave rise to pseudorevertants containing extragenic b ... | 2010 | 20941389 |