| vaccination with attenuated salmonella enterica dublin expressing e coli o157:h7 outer membrane protein intimin induces transient reduction of fecal shedding of e coli o157:h7 in cattle. | escherichia coli serogroup o157:h7 has emerged as an important zoonotic bacterial pathogen, causing a range of symptoms from self-limiting bloody diarrhea to severe hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome in humans. beef and dairy cattle are considered the most important animal reservoirs for this pathogen. one of the important virulence characteristics of e. coli o157:h7 is the eaea gene encoding the 97 kda surface protein intimin. intimin is required for attachment and effacement dur ... | 2010 | 20609252 |
| 6-hydroxydopamine-mediated release of norepinephrine increases faecal excretion of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in pigs. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is an animal and zoonotic pathogen of worldwide importance. in pigs, transport and social stress are associated with reactivation and spread of salmonella typhimurium infection. the stress-related catecholamine norepinephrine (ne) has been reported to activate growth and virulence factor expression in salmonella; however the extent to which ne contributes to stress-associated salmonellosis is unclear. we studied the impact of releasing ne from endogenous s ... | 2010 | 20609329 |
| attachment and colonization by escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium, and staphylococcus aureus on stone fruit surfaces and survival through a simulated commercial export chain. | the ability of the foodborne pathogens escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium, and staphylococcus aureus to attach, colonize, and survive on stone fruit surfaces was investigated. fifty microliters of bacterial suspension was spot inoculated onto the sterile intact fructoplane of whole peaches and plums. minimum time required for initial adhesion and attachment was recorded for different surface contact times. surface colonizatio ... | 2010 | 20615337 |
| rsf1010-like plasmids in australian salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and origin of their sul2-stra-strb antibiotic resistance gene cluster. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium phage type 9 isolates resistant to streptomycin and sulfonamide have been recovered from both bovine and human sources in australia. this study aimed to identify the resistance genes and their location. polymerase chain reaction was used to screen for resistance genes and sul2 (sulphonamide resistance) and stra and strb (streptomycin resistance) were detected. a small streptomycin and sulfonamide resistance plasmid carrying the three resistance genes was r ... | 2010 | 20617928 |
| effect of subinhibitory concentrations of plant-derived molecules in increasing the sensitivity of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 to antibiotics. | this study investigated the efficacy of plant-derived antimicrobials, namely, trans-cinnamaldehyde, β-resorcylic acid, carvacrol, thymol, and eugenol or their combination, in increasing the sensitivity of salmonella typhimurium dt104 to five antibiotics. the subinhibitory concentrations of each antimicrobial or their combination containing concentrations lower than the individual subinhibitory concentrations were added to tryptic soy broth supplemented with antibiotics at their respective break ... | 2010 | 20618084 |
| salmonella rubislaw gastroenteritis linked to a pet lizard. | | 2010 | 20618116 |
| human complement factor h binds to outer membrane protein rck of salmonella. | serum resistance, or resistance to complement-mediated killing, is a key virulence property of microbial pathogens. rck is a 17-kda outer membrane protein encoded on the virulence plasmid of salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium and enteritidis. when expressed in either escherichia coli or s. enterica typhimurium, rck confers serum resistance independent of lps length. recently, the rck homolog from yersinia enterocolitica, ail, has been shown to bind the complement regulatory protein factor ... | 2010 | 20622116 |
| development of microarray and multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays for identification of serovars and virulence genes in salmonella enterica of human or animal origin. | salmonella enterica is an important enteric pathogen consisting of many serovars that can cause severe clinical diseases in animals and humans. rapid identification of salmonella isolates is especially important for epidemiologic monitoring and controlling outbreaks of disease. although immunologic and dna-based serovar identification methods are available for rapid identification of isolates, they are time consuming or costly or both. in the current study, 2 molecular methods for identification ... | 2010 | 20622226 |
| comparison of salmonella serovar isolation and antimicrobial resistance patterns from porcine samples between 2003 and 2008. | food-borne salmonella infections can produce symptoms from mild gastroenteritis to severe systemic disease and death, representing an important public health issue in u.s. livestock and livestock products, which have been implicated as frequent sources of salmonella contamination. concerns have been raised about the spread of antibiotic resistance in salmonella strains, particularly those that originate from food animal sources, as a result of prophylactic and therapeutic antimicrobial use in th ... | 2010 | 20622228 |
| oral administration of heat-killed lactobacillus plantarum strain b240 protected mice against salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of heat-killed lactobacillus plantarum strain b240 (b240) on systemic infection by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) and to determine the mechanism by which b240 protects against infection. mice were administered either b240 or saline orally for 3 weeks, and then inoculated with s. typhimurium. the mice treated with b240 were significantly protected against s. typhimurium as compared to those fed saline. moreover, tr ... | 2010 | 20622449 |
| characterization of drug resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium by antibiograms, plasmids, integrons, resistance genes and pfge. | forty-seven salmonella typhimurium (33 zoonotic, 14 clinical) strains were tested for antimicrobial resistance using the standard disk diffusion method. presence of relevant resistance genes and class 1 integrons were investigated by using pcr. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and plasmid profiling were carried out to determine the genomic diversity of salmonella typhimurium. approximately 57.4% of s. typhimurium were multidrug resistant (mdr) and showed high resistance rates to tetracycl ... | 2010 | 20622506 |
| evaluation of eight different cephalosporins for detection of cephalosporin resistance in salmonella enterica and escherichia coli. | this study evaluates the efficacy of eight different cephalosporins for detection of cephalosporin resistance mediated by extended spectrum beta-lactamases (esbl) and plasmidic ampc beta-lactamases in salmonella and escherichia coli. a total of 138 e. coli and 86 salmonella isolates with known beta-lactamase genes were tested for susceptibility toward cefoperazone, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime, cefquinome, ceftazidime, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, and cefuroxime using minimum inhibitory concentration dete ... | 2010 | 20624078 |
| essential genes from arctic bacteria used to construct stable, temperature-sensitive bacterial vaccines. | all bacteria share a set of evolutionarily conserved essential genes that encode products that are required for viability. the great diversity of environments that bacteria inhabit, including environments at extreme temperatures, place adaptive pressure on essential genes. we sought to use this evolutionary diversity of essential genes to engineer bacterial pathogens to be stably temperature-sensitive, and thus useful as live vaccines. we isolated essential genes from bacteria found in the arcti ... | 2010 | 20624965 |
| a novel host-specific restriction system associated with dna backbone s-modification in salmonella. | a novel, site-specific, dna backbone s-modification (phosphorothioation) has been discovered, but its in vivo function(s) have remained obscure. here, we report that the enteropathogenic salmonella enterica serovar cerro 87, which possesses s-modified dna, restricts dna isolated from escherichia coli, while protecting its own dna by site-specific phosphorothioation. a cloned 15-kb gene cluster from s. enterica conferred both host-specific restriction and dna s-modification on e. coli. mutational ... | 2010 | 20627870 |
| stability and antimicrobial activity of allyl isothiocyanate during long-term storage in an oil-in-water emulsion. | this study investigated the stability and antimicrobial activity of allyl isothiocyanate (aitc) in medium chain triglyceride (mct) or soybean oil (sbo) dispersed in an oil-in-water (o/w) system during long-term storage. oil type, content, and oxidative stability affect the stability and antimicrobial activity of aitc during storage. high oil content is favorable for aitc stability in the emulsion. notably, aitc with mct is more stable than aitc with sbo with the same oil content. consequently, a ... | 2010 | 20629866 |
| antioxidant and antibacterial activities on foodborne pathogens of artocarpus heterophyllus lam. (moraceae) leaves extracts. | total water extract, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions from the leaves of artocarpus heterophyllus were evaluated for phenolic content, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities against some foodborne pathogens such as e. coli, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella typhimurium, salmonella enterica, bacillus cereus, enterococcus faecalis, and staphylococcus aureus. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mics) of extract and fractions determined by the agar dilution method were ranged from 221.9 mi ... | 2010 | 20629886 |
| antimicrobial effects of wine: separating the role of polyphenols, ph, ethanol, and other wine components. | while the antimicrobial effectiveness of wine is well documented, relative contributions of the wine components to its antimicrobial activity is controversial. to separate the role of wine phenolics, ethanol, and ph from other wine constituents, the antimicrobial effects of intact wine were compared to that of phenols-stripped wine, dealcoholized wine, ethanol, and low ph applied separately and in combination, against 2 common foodborne pathogens, salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis and esch ... | 2010 | 20629891 |
| assessing the cross contamination and transfer rates of salmonella enterica from chicken to lettuce under different food-handling scenarios. | cross contamination of foodborne pathogens from raw meats to ready-to-eat foods has caused a number of foodborne outbreaks. the cross contamination and transfer rates of salmonella enterica from chicken to lettuce under various food-handling scenarios were determined. the following scenarios were tested: in scenario 1, cutting board and knife used to cut chicken (10(6) cfu/g) were also used for cutting lettuce, without washing; in scenario 2, cutting board and knife were washed with water separa ... | 2010 | 20630321 |
| evaluation of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles for identification of salmonella serotypes. | pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) is a standard typing method for isolates from salmonella outbreaks and epidemiological investigations. eight hundred sixty-six salmonella enterica isolates from eight serotypes, including heidelberg (n = 323), javiana (n = 200), typhimurium (n = 163), newport (n = 93), enteritidis (n = 45), dublin (n = 25), pullorum (n = 9), and choleraesuis (n = 8), were subjected to pfge, and their profiles were analyzed by random forest classification and compared to co ... | 2010 | 20631109 |
| poly(anhydride) nanoparticles act as active th1 adjuvants through toll-like receptor exploitation. | the mechanisms that underlie the potent th1-adjuvant capacity of poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride) nanoparticles (nps) were investigated. traditionally, polymer nps have been considered delivery systems that promote a closer interaction between antigen and antigen-presenting cells (apcs). our results revealed that poly(anhydride) nps also act as agonists of various toll-like receptors (tlrs) (tlr2, -4, and -5), triggering a th1-profile cytokine release (gamma interferon [ifn-gamma], 4 ... | 2010 | 20631332 |
| a new pathway for the synthesis of α-ribazole-phosphate in listeria innocua. | the genomes of listeria spp. encode all but one of 25 enzymes required for the biosynthesis of adenosylcobalamin (adocbl; coenzyme b(12) ). notably, all listeria genomes lack cobt, the nicotinamide mononucleotide:5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (dmb) phosphoribosyltransferase (ec 2.4.2.21) enzyme that synthesizes the unique α-linked nucleotide n(1) -(5-phospho-α-d-ribosyl)-dmb (α-ribazole-5'-p, α-rp), a precursor of adocbl. we have uncovered a new pathway for the synthesis of α-rp in listeria innocua ... | 2010 | 20633228 |
| changes in fourier transform infrared spectra of salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium and enteritidis after adaptation to stressful growth conditions. | the effects of growth conditions (temperature in the range 10-45 degrees c, sodium chloride concentration in the range 0-4%, aerobic vs. anaerobic growth and acidification of the growth medium, up to ph 4.5) on the fourier transform infrared (ft-ir) spectra of salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium and enteritidis were studied using multivariate statistical methods (hierarchical cluster analysis and factor analysis). although all environmental factors tested affected s. typhimurium and s. ente ... | 2010 | 20633942 |
| potential egg contamination by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium definitive type 104 following experimental infection of pullets at the onset of lay. | the present study investigated the potential of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (salmonella typhimurium) definitive type 104 (dt104) to contaminate eggs in vivo. of 10 strains of salmonella typhimurium dt104, none caused egg contamination when hens were inoculated orally. three passages of the strains through recovery from the reproductive organs of intravenously infected laying hens resulted in no egg contamination after oral infection of the hens. feed and water withdrawal for 24 h at ... | 2010 | 20634517 |
| curcumin increases the pathogenicity of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in murine model. | curcumin has gained immense importance for its vast therapeutic and prophylactic applications. contrary to this, our study reveals that it regulates the defense pathways of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) to enhance its pathogenicity. in a murine model of typhoid fever, we observed higher bacterial load in peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph node, spleen and liver, when infected with curcumin-treated salmonella. curcumin increased the resistance of s. typhimurium against a ... | 2010 | 20634977 |
| giant splenic abscess due to salmonella enteritidis in a returning traveler. | we report the case of an immunocompetent traveler returning from morocco who presented with a giant splenic abscess, revealing an infection by salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | 2010 | 20636602 |
| functional analysis of an alpha-helical antimicrobial peptide derived from a novel mouse defensin-like gene. | gene-encoded antimicrobial peptides (amps) are an essential component of the innate immune system in many species. analysis of beta-defensin gene expression in mouse tissue using primers that were specific for conserved sequences located outside of the beta-defensin translated region identified a novel small gene. the novel gene had an open reading frame of 114bp and encoded a predicted protein of 37 amino acid residues. a search of the genome database revealed that the gene locus and the sequen ... | 2010 | 20637182 |
| dietary glycosaminoglycans interfere in bacterial adhesion and gliadin-induced pro-inflammatory response in intestinal epithelial (caco-2) cells. | dietary components may have an important role in maintaining a balanced gut microbiota composition. celiac disease is an autoimmune enteropathy caused by gliadins, and has been associated with a reduced proportion of bifidobacterium in gut microbiota. this study evaluates the influence of glycosaminoglycans (gags) on bacterial adhesion and their contribution in the gliadins-induced inflammatory response. the adhesion of potential probiotic (bifidobacterium longum cect 7347 and bifidobacterium bi ... | 2010 | 20637226 |
| structural and genetic characterization of the o-antigen of salmonella enterica o56 containing a novel derivative of 4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-d-glucose. | based on the o-antigens (o-polysaccharides), one of the most variable cell constituents, 46 o-serogroups have been recognized in the kauffmann-white serotyping scheme for salmonella enterica. in this work, the structure of the o-polysaccharide and the genetic organization of the o-antigen gene cluster of s. enterica o56 were investigated. as judged by sugar and methylation analyses, along with nmr spectroscopic data, the o-polysaccharide has a linear tetrasaccharide o-unit, which consists of one ... | 2010 | 20638049 |
| in vivo selection of aac(6')-ib-cr and mutations in the gyra gene in a clinical qnrs1-positive salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104b strain recovered after fluoroquinolone treatment. | to characterize the mechanisms implicated in the in vivo selection of quinolone and aminoglycoside resistance in a faecal salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104b strain recovered after ciprofloxacin treatment of a hospitalized elderly patient with acute gastroenteritis. | 2010 | 20639314 |
| the omptins of yersinia pestis and salmonella enterica cleave the reactive center loop of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. | plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (pai-1) is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) and a key molecule that regulates fibrinolysis by inactivating human plasminogen activators. here we show that two important human pathogens, the plague bacterium yersinia pestis and the enteropathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, inactivate pai-1 by cleaving the r346-m347 bait peptide bond in the reactive center loop. no cleavage of pai-1 was detected with yersinia pseudotuberculosis, an oral/fecal pat ... | 2010 | 20639337 |
| lipopolysaccharide hyperpolarizes guinea pig airway epithelium by increasing the activities of the epithelial na(+) channel and the na(+)-k(+) pump. | earlier, we found that systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (lps; 4 mg/kg) hyperpolarized the transepithelial potential difference (v(t)) of tracheal epithelium in the isolated, perfused trachea (ipt) of the guinea pig 18 h after injection. as well, lps increased the hyperpolarization component of the response to basolateral methacholine, and potentiated the epithelium-derived relaxing factor-mediated relaxation responses to hyperosmolar solutions applied to the apical membrane. we hypo ... | 2010 | 20639350 |
| the prevalence of multidrug resistance is higher among bovine than human salmonella enterica serotype newport, typhimurium, and 4,5,12:i:- isolates in the united states but differs by serotype and geographic region. | salmonella represents an important zoonotic pathogen worldwide, but the transmission dynamics between humans and animals as well as within animal populations are incompletely understood. we characterized salmonella isolates from cattle and humans in two geographic regions of the united states, the pacific northwest and the northeast, using three common subtyping methods (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [pfge], multilocus variable number of tandem repeat analysis [mlva], and multilocus sequence ... | 2010 | 20639364 |
| response of porcine intestinal in vitro organ culture tissues following exposure to lactobacillus plantarum jc1 and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium sl1344. | the development of novel intervention strategies for the control of zoonoses caused by bacteria such as salmonella spp. in livestock requires appropriate experimental models to assess their suitability. here, a novel porcine intestinal in vitro organ culture (ivoc) model utilizing cell crown (cc) technology (ccivoc) (scaffdex) was developed. the ccivoc model was employed to investigate the characteristics of association of s. enterica serovar typhimurium strain sl1344 with porcine intestinal tis ... | 2010 | 20639369 |
| comparative antimicrobial susceptibility of biofilm versus planktonic forms of salmonella enterica strains isolated from children with gastroenteritis. | in the present study, 194 salmonella enterica strains, isolated from infected children and belonging to various serotypes, were investigated for their ability to form biofilms and the biofilm forms of the isolated strains were compared to their corresponding planktonic forms with respect to the antimicrobial susceptibility. for the biofilm-forming strains, the minimum inhibitory concentration for bacterial regrowth (micbr) from the biofilm of nine clinically applicable antimicrobial agents was d ... | 2010 | 20640867 |
| role for neutrophils in host immune responses and genetic factors that modulate resistance to salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in the inbred mouse strain spret/ei. | infection with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a complex disease in which the host-bacterium interactions are strongly influenced by genetic factors of the host. we demonstrate that spret/ei, an inbred mouse strain derived from mus spretus, is resistant to s. typhimurium infections. the kinetics of bacterial proliferation, as well as histological examinations of tissue sections, suggest that spret/ei mice can control bacterial multiplication and spreading despite significant attenuati ... | 2010 | 20643856 |
| inci1 plasmid carrying extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase gene blactx-m-1 in salmonella enterica isolates from poultry and humans in france, 2003 to 2008. | we report the dissemination of a conjugative inci1 plasmid carrying bla(ctx-m-1), conferring resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, in salmonella enterica isolates from poultry and humans in france from 2003 to 2008. by inci1 plasmid subtyping, this plasmid was shown to be genetically related to that found in escherichia coli isolates from healthy poultry in france. | 2010 | 20643895 |
| antibacterial activity of extracts from plants of central argentina--isolation of an active principle from achyrocline satureioides. | the great increase in bacterial infections is fueling interest in the search for antibacterial products of plant origin. extracts obtained from 51 native and naturalized plants from central argentina were therefore evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory activity on pathogenic bacteria with the aim of selecting the most active ones as new sources of effective antibiotics. the susceptibility of reference and clinical strains of enterococcus faecalis, escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, pseudomon ... | 2011 | 20645245 |
| evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the methylene chloride extract of miconia ligustroides, isolated triterpene acids, and ursolic acid derivatives. | the methylene chloride extract of miconia ligustroides (dc.) naudin (melastomataceae), the isolated compounds ursolic and oleanolic acids and a mixture of these acids, and ursolic acid derivatives were evaluated against the following microorganisms: bacillus cereus (atcc 14579), vibrio cholerae (atcc 9458), salmonella choleraesuis (atcc 10708), klebsiella pneumoniae (atcc 10031), and streptococcus pneumoniae (atcc 6305). the microdilution method was used for determination of the minimum inhibito ... | 2010 | 20645834 |
| recognition and prevention of hospital-associated enteric infections in the intensive care unit. | the objectives of this article were to review the causes and extent of hospital-associated infectious diarrhea and associated risks in the general hospital ward and intensive care unit (icu), to compare microorganisms with similar symptoms to aid in recognition that will lead to timely and appropriate treatment and control measures, and to propose infection prevention protocols that could decrease human process errors in the icu. this literature review describes epidemiology, comparison of micro ... | 2010 | 20647790 |
| retrospective study on the incidence of salmonella isolations in animals in south africa, 1996 to 2006. | a retrospective study that involves the analysis of laboratory diagnostic data collected during the period 1996-2006 was conducted. a total of 3417 salmonella isolations involving 183 different serotypes was recorded from 1999-2006, inclusive, at the onderstepoort veterinary institute, agricultural research council, south africa. the most common serotypes were salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhimurium (917 incidents), salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar dublin (248 ... | 2010 | 20649153 |
| enteropathogenic escherichia coli, samonella, shigella and yersinia: cellular aspects of host-bacteria interactions in enteric diseases. | abstract: a successful infection of the human intestine by enteropathogenic bacteria depends on the ability of bacteria to attach and colonize the intestinal epithelium and, in some cases, to invade the host cell, survive intracellularly and disseminate from cell to cell. to accomplish these processes bacteria have evolved an arsenal of molecules that are mostly secreted by dedicated type iii secretion systems, and that interact with the host, subverting normal cellular functions. here we overvi ... | 2010 | 20649986 |
| a multipathogen selective enrichment broth for simultaneous growth of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis, staphylococcus aureus, and listeria monocytogenes. | a selective enrichment broth (ssl) was formulated to allow concurrent growth of 3 prominent food-borne pathogens: salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis, staphylococcus aureus, and listeria monocytogenes. nalidixic acid, lithium chloride, and potassium tellurite were added as the selective agents, while sodium pyruvate and mannitol were employed as the supplemented elements. in the individual growth trial, the target pathogens were capable of growing in ssl to as high as 7-8 log(10) colony-form ... | 2010 | 20651858 |
| the o28 antigen gene clusters of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dakar and serovar pomona are different. | a 10 kb o-antigen gene cluster was sequenced from a salmonella enterica subsp. enterica dakar o28 reference strain and from two s. pomona serogroup o28 isolates. the two s. pomona o antigen gene clusters showed only moderate identity with the s. dakar o28 gene cluster, suggesting that the o antigen oligosaccharides may contain one or more sugars conferring the o28 epitope but may otherwise be different. these novel findings are absolutely critical for the correct interpretation of molecular sero ... | 2010 | 20652070 |
| development of stable reporter system cloning luxcdabe genes into chromosome of salmonella enterica serotypes using tn7 transposon. | salmonellosis may be a food safety problem when raw food products are mishandled and not fully cooked. in previous work, we developed bioluminescent salmonella enterica serotypes using a plasmid-based reporting system that can be used for real-time monitoring of the pathogen's growth on food products in short term studies. in this study, we report the use of a tn7-based transposon system for subcloning of luxcdabe genes into the chromosome of eleven salmonella enterica serotypes isolated from th ... | 2010 | 20653968 |
| investigation of the chaperone function of the small heat shock protein-agsa. | a small heat shock protein agsa was originally isolated from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. we previously demonstrated that agsa was an effective chaperone that could reduce the amount of heat-aggregated proteins in an escherichia coli rpoh mutant. agsa appeared to promote survival at lethal temperatures by cooperating with other chaperones in vivo. to investigate the aggregation prevention mechanisms of agsa, we constructed n- or c-terminal truncated mutants and compared their propert ... | 2010 | 20653971 |
| on-farm multi-contamination of pigs by food-borne bacterial zoonotic hazards: an exploratory study. | application of risk analysis to control pork-borne zoonoses on farms is a major aim of the current european food safety legislation. the prevalence, levels of contamination and variations in pig contaminations according to herds and batches must therefore be studied to define relevant methods for control of zoonoses. the aims of this exploratory study were to provide information on the prevalence and levels of infection of finisher/fattening pigs by campylobacter spp., clostridium perfringens, l ... | 2011 | 20655671 |
| association between phylogeny, virulence potential and serovars of salmonella enterica. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica is one of the leading causes of zoonotic food-borne disease worldwide. the consequence of these infections is a serious impact on economics of the society in the form of lost productivity and expenses for medical care. the objective of this study was to analyze the difference in genomic content between selected serovars, especially the content of pathogenicity genes and this was done with a dna microarray. furthermore, we investigated the phylogenetic relation ... | 2010 | 20656064 |
| role of two-component sensory systems of salmonella enterica serovar dublin in the pathogenesis of systemic salmonellosis in cattle. | salmonella enterica serovar dublin (s. dublin) is associated with enteritis, typhoid and abortion in cattle. infections are acquired by the oral route, and the bacteria transit through varied anatomical and cellular niches to elicit systemic disease. s. dublin must therefore sense and respond to diverse extrinsic stimuli to control gene expression in a spatial and temporal manner. two-component systems (tcss) play key roles in such processes, and typically contain a membrane-associated sensor ki ... | 2010 | 20656781 |
| l-glutamine as a nitrogen source for corynebacterium glutamicum: derepression of the amtr regulon and implications for nitrogen sensing. | corynebacterium glutamicum, a gram-positive soil bacterium employed in the industrial production of various amino acids, is able to use a number of different nitrogen sources, such as ammonium, urea or creatinine. this study shows that l-glutamine serves as an excellent nitrogen source for c. glutamicum and allows similar growth rates in glucose minimal medium to those in ammonium. a transcriptome comparison revealed that the nitrogen starvation response was elicited when glutamine served as the ... | 2010 | 20656783 |
| characterization of the pdus cobalamin reductase of salmonella enterica and its role in the pdu microcompartment. | salmonella enterica degrades 1,2-propanediol (1,2-pd) in a coenzyme b12 (adenosylcobalamin, adocbl)-dependent fashion. salmonella obtains adocbl by assimilation of complex precursors, such as vitamin b12 and hydroxocobalamin. assimilation of these compounds requires reduction of their central cobalt atom from co3+ to co2+ to co+, followed by adenosylation to adocbl. in this work, the his6-tagged pdus cobalamin reductase from s. enterica was produced at high levels in escherichia coli, purified, ... | 2010 | 20656910 |
| use of saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product on growth performance and microbiota of weaned pigs during salmonella infection. | anaerobically fermented yeast products are a rich source of nutritional metabolites, mannanoligosaccharides, and β-glucans that may optimize gut health and immunity, which can translate into better growth performance and a reduced risk of foodborne pathogens. the objective of this study was to quantify the effects of saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (diamond v original xpc) inclusion in nursery diets on pig performance and gastrointestinal microbial ecology before, during, and after ... | 2010 | 20656973 |
| detection of the class 1 integrons and sgi1 among salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104, u302, dt120, dt193, and nontypable human isolates. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains of particular phage types, such as dt104, u302, dt120, dt193, and nontypable strains, are often characterized by resistance to multiple antibiotics. this antibiotic resistance can be caused by the presence of the integrons, transposons, salmonella genomic island 1 (sgi1), or conjugative plasmids. in this study we were interested in the relative contribution of integrons and sgi1 to the antibiotic resistance of the four mentioned phage types and non ... | 2010 | 20657074 |
| protection of epithelial cells from salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis invasion by antibodies against the spi-1 type iii secretion system. | salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (salmonella enteritidis) is one of the major causes of bacterial food-borne illness in humans. during the course of infection, salmonella enteritidis uses 2 type iii secretion systems (t3ss), one of which is encoded on salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1). spi-1 plays a major role in the invasion process. in the present study, we evaluated the effect of sera against the spi-1 t3ss components on invasion in vitro using polarized human intestinal epithe ... | 2010 | 20657623 |
| the maltose atp-binding cassette transporter in the 21st century--towards a structural dynamic perspective on its mode of action. | the maltose/maltodextrin transport system of escherichia coli/salmonella, composed of periplasmic maltose-binding protein, male, the pore-forming subunits malf and malg, and a homodimer of the nucleotide-binding subunit, malk, serves as a model for canonical atp-binding cassette importers in general. the wealth of knowledge accumulated on the maltose transporter in more than three decades by genetic, molecular genetic and biochemical means was complemented more recently by crystal structures of ... | 2010 | 20659291 |
| ex vivo kinetics of early and long-term multifunctional human leukocyte antigen e-specific cd8+ cells in volunteers immunized with the ty21a typhoid vaccine. | t cells are likely to play an important role in the host defense against salmonella enterica serovar typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever. we have shown that hla-e can function as a restriction element for s. typhi-specific cd8(+) t cells. because of the potential importance of hla-e-restricted cd8(+) responses in resistance to salmonella infection, we characterized these responses and investigated their kinetics of appearance and persistence in volunteers immunized orally with the licens ... | 2010 | 20660136 |
| redox sensor ssrb cys203 enhances salmonella fitness against nitric oxide generated in the host immune response to oral infection. | we show herein that the salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi2) response regulator ssrb undergoes s-nitrosylation upon exposure of salmonella to acidified nitrite, a signal encountered by this enteropathogen in phagosomes of macrophages. mutational analysis has identified cys(203) in the c-terminal dimerization domain of ssrb as the redox-active residue responding to nitric oxide (no) congeners generated in the acidification of nitrite. peroxynitrite and products of the autooxidation of no in t ... | 2010 | 20660761 |
| contribution of the type vi secretion system encoded in spi-19 to chicken colonization by salmonella enterica serotypes gallinarum and enteritidis. | salmonella gallinarum is a pathogen with a host range specific to poultry, while salmonella enteritidis is a broad host range pathogen that colonizes poultry sub-clinically but is a leading cause of gastrointestinal salmonellosis in humans and many other species. despite recent advances in our understanding of the complex interplay between salmonella and their hosts, the molecular basis of host range restriction and unique pathobiology of gallinarum remain largely unknown. type vi secretion syst ... | 2010 | 20661437 |
| comparison of commercial rna extraction kits for preparation of dna-free total rna from salmonella cells. | abstract: | 2010 | 20663210 |
| the virulence protein sopd2 regulates membrane dynamics of salmonella-containing vacuoles. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen causing gastroenteritis in humans and a systemic typhoid-like illness in mice. the capacity of salmonella to cause diseases relies on the establishment of its intracellular replication niche, a membrane-bound compartment named the salmonella-containing vacuole (scv). this requires the translocation of bacterial effector proteins into the host cell by type three secretion systems. among these effectors, sifa is required ... | 2010 | 20664790 |
| single nucleotide polymorphism typing of global salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates by use of a hairpin primer real-time pcr assay. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi is highly homogeneous. single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) have been shown to be valuable markers for molecular typing of s. enterica serovar typhi. here, we used a hairpin primer real-time pcr assay for snp typing of s. enterica serovar typhi isolates. forty-two snps were selected from a comparison of 19 published s. enterica serovar typhi genomes and sequences from other studies. the snps were used to type 71 global s. enterica serovar typhi isolates and di ... | 2010 | 20668124 |
| a randomised trial evaluating the safety and immunogenicity of the novel single oral dose typhoid vaccine m01zh09 in healthy vietnamese children. | the emergence of drug resistant typhoid fever is a major public health problem, especially in asia. an oral single dose typhoid vaccine would have major advantages. m01zh09 is a live oral single dose candidate typhoid vaccine containing salmonella enterica serovar typhi (ty2 aroc(-)ssav(-)) zh9 with two independently attenuating deletions. studies in healthy adults demonstrated immunogenicity and an acceptable safety profile. | 2010 | 20668668 |
| structural and functional characterization of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium ycbl: an unusual type ii glyoxalase. | ycbl has been annotated as either a metallo-β-lactamase or glyoxalase ii (glx2), both members of the zinc metallohydrolase superfamily, that contains many enzymes with a diverse range of activities. here, we report crystallographic and biochemical data for salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium ycbl that establishes it as glx2, which differs in certain structural and functional properties compared with previously known examples. these features include the insertion of an α-helix after residue 8 ... | 2010 | 20669241 |
| microarray analysis of response of salmonella during infection of hla-b27- transfected human macrophage-like u937 cells. | human leukocyte antigen (hla)-b27 is strongly associated with the development of reactive arthritis (rea) in humans after salmonellosis. human monocytic u937 cells transfected with hla-b27 are less able to eliminate intracellular salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis than those transfected with control hla antigens (e.g. hla-a2). to investigate further the mechanisms by which hla-b27-transfected cells allow increased replication of these bacteria, a dna-based microarray was used for comparativ ... | 2010 | 20670450 |
| poxa, yjek, and elongation factor p coordinately modulate virulence and drug resistance in salmonella enterica. | we report an interaction between poxa, encoding a paralog of lysyl trna-synthetase, and the closely linked yjek gene, encoding a putative 2,3-beta-lysine aminomutase, that is critical for virulence and stress resistance in salmonella enterica. salmonella poxa and yjek mutants share extensive phenotypic pleiotropy, including attenuated virulence in mice, an increased ability to respire under nutrient-limiting conditions, hypersusceptibility to a variety of diverse growth inhibitors, and altered e ... | 2010 | 20670890 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium ruvb mutant can confer protection against salmonellosis in mice. | salmonella enterica is an important pathogen that causes a variety of infectious diseases in animals and humans. live attenuated vaccines generally confer better protection than killed or subunit vaccines; however, the former are limited by their inherent toxicity. we evaluated the potential of a novel candidate salmonella vaccine strain that lacks the ruvb gene. the ruvb gene encodes a holliday junction helicase that is required to resolve junctions that arise during the repair of non-arresting ... | 2010 | 20670908 |
| iceec2, a new integrative and conjugative element belonging to the pklc102/pagi-2 family, identified in escherichia coli strain ben374. | the diversity of the escherichia coli species is in part due to the large number of mobile genetic elements that are exchanged between strains. we report here the identification of a new integrative and conjugative element (ice) of the pklc102/pagi-2 family located downstream of the trna gene pheu in the e. coli strain ben374. indeed, this new region, which we called iceec2, can be transferred by conjugation from strain ben374 to the e. coli strain c600. we were also able to transfer this region ... | 2010 | 20675467 |
| antimicrobial peptides activate the rcs regulon through the outer membrane lipoprotein rcsf. | salmonella enterica species are exposed to envelope stresses due to their environmental and infectious lifestyles. such stresses include amphipathic cationic antimicrobial peptides (camps), and resistance to these peptides is an important property for microbial virulence for animals. bacterial mechanisms used to sense and respond to camp-induced envelope stress include the rcsfcdb phosphorelay, which contributes to survival from polymyxin b exposure. the rcs phosphorelay includes two inner membr ... | 2010 | 20675476 |
| tlr and b cell receptor signals to b cells differentially program primary and memory th1 responses to salmonella enterica. | protective th1 responses to salmonella enterica do not develop in the absence of b cells. using chimeric mice, we dissect the early (innate) and late (cognate) contributions of b cells to th programming. b cell-intrinsic myd88 signaling is required for primary effector th1 development, whereas ag-specific bcr-mediated ag presentation is necessary for the development of memory th1 populations. programming of the primary t cell response is bcr/b cell mhc ii independent, but requires myd88-dependen ... | 2010 | 20675594 |
| prevalence of a host-adapted group b salmonella enterica in harbour porpoises (phocoena phocoena) from the south-west coast of england. | a monophasic group b salmonella enterica 4,12:a:- was first isolated in harbour porpoises (phocoena phocoena) in scotland in 1991. this paper reports the isolation of the same group b s enterica from harbour porpoise carcases found stranded along the cornwall and devon coastlines. between 1991 and 2002, 80 harbour porpoises were submitted for postmortem examination and subjected to bacteriological examination under the uk cetacean strandings investigation programme. a total of 28 salmonella isol ... | 2010 | 20675627 |
| morphology, size distribution, and aggregate structure of lipopolysaccharide and lipid a dispersions from enterobacterial origin. | lipopolysaccharides (lpss) from gram-negative bacteria are strong elicitors of the human immune systems. there is strong evidence that aggregates and not monomers of lps play a decisive role at least in the initial stages of cell activation of immune cells such as mononuclear cells. in previous reports, it was shown that the biologically most active part of enterobacterial lps, hexa-acyl bisphosphorylated lipid a, adopts a particular supramolecular conformation, a cubic aggregate structure. howe ... | 2010 | 20682588 |
| a report from the 20th european congress of clinical microbiology and infectious diseases (april 10-13, 2010 - vienna, austria). | effective antimicrobials currently in use in europe and throughout the world are fast losing ground as many pathogens acquire resistance to newly introduced drugs. multidrug and panresistance have now been identified in many pathogens, as iteratively discussed throughout this year's meeting of the european congress of clinical microbiology and infectious diseases (eccmid). as extensively discussed in an oral session entitled worldwide dissemination of resistances by 10 specialists from across eu ... | 2010 | 20683506 |
| antimicrobial resistance and molecular analysis of non-typhoidal salmonella isolates from human in tunisia. | during the period from 2006 to 2007, a total of 32 clinical isolates of salmonella enterica were isolated from diarrheagenic stool samples and further examined for their susceptibility to various antibiotics. sixteen of the human isolates were from the capital tunis, 11 were from sousse, four were from nabeul and one was from mahdia, tunisia. the isolates were serotyped and identified at the national centre of enteropathogenic bacteria, pasteur institute, tunis (centre national de salmonella, sh ... | 2010 | 20685046 |
| emergence of an inciγ plasmid encoding cmy-2 ß-lactamase associated with the international st19 oxa-30-producing ß-lactamase salmonella typhimurium multidrug-resistant clone. | to analyse the genetic environment of the bla(cmy-2) gene in a multidrug-resistant isolate belonging to the oxa-30-producing salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium clone widespread in european countries. | 2010 | 20685754 |
| salmonella transcriptional signature in tetrahymena phagosomes and role of acid tolerance in passage through the protist. | salmonella enterica typhimurium remains undigested in the food vacuoles of the common protist, tetrahymena. contrary to its interaction with acanthamoeba spp., s. typhimurium is not cytotoxic to tetrahymena and is egested as viable cells in its fecal pellets. through microarray gene expression profiling we investigated the factors in s. typhimurium that are involved in its resistance to digestion by tetrahymena. the transcriptome of s. typhimurium in tetrahymena phagosomes showed that 989 and 12 ... | 2011 | 20686510 |
| the role of coupled positive feedback in the expression of the spi1 type three secretion system in salmonella. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a common food-borne pathogen that induces inflammatory diarrhea and invades intestinal epithelial cells using a type three secretion system (t3ss) encoded within salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi1). the genes encoding the spi1 t3ss are tightly regulated by a network of interacting transcriptional regulators involving three coupled positive feedback loops. while the core architecture of the spi1 gene circuit has been determined, the relative roles o ... | 2010 | 20686667 |
| hemolysin e (hlye, clya, shea) and related toxins. | certain strains of escherichia coli, salmonella enterica and shigella flexneri produce a pore-forming toxin hemolysin e (hlye), also known as cytolysin a (clya) and silent hemolysin, locus a (shea). hlye lyses erythrocytes and mammalian cells, forming transmembrane pores with a minimum internal diameter of-25 a. we review the current knowledge of hlye structure and function in its solution and pore forms, models for membrane insertion, its potential use in biotechnology applications and its rela ... | 2010 | 20687485 |
| potentiating effect of morphine on oral salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection is μ-opioid receptor-dependent. | previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated that mice treated with morphine pellets are sensitized to salmonella enterica, serovar typhimurium infection. however, the opioid receptor antagonist, naltrexone, only partially blocked the effect of morphine, raising the possibility that the opioid might have some of its effects through a nonopioid receptor. to further clarify whether sensitization to infection is an opioid receptor-dependent phenomenon, μ-opioid receptor knockout (morko) mice w ... | 2010 | 20688146 |
| comparison of phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial profiles in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica from the same dairy cattle farms. | transmission of antimicrobial drug resistance from resistant bacteria to non-resistant strains is an important public health issue. in this study, we have examined the possibility of multiple resistance gene transfer between escherichia coli and salmonella in the natural setting. bacteria isolated from calves concurrently shedding e. coli and salmonella showed similar antimicrobial drug resistance patterns as measured by a broth dilution method. however, microarray analysis of the antibiotic res ... | 2010 | 20688154 |
| removal of salmonella enteritidis from commercial unpasteurized liquid egg white using pilot scale cross flow tangential microfiltration. | effectiveness of a cross flow microfiltration (mf) process for removal of a cocktail of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis species from commercial unpasteurized liquid egg white (lew) from a local egg breaking plant, while maintaining its functional properties was evaluated. to facilitate mf, lew was wedge screened, homogenized and then diluted (1:2 w/w) with distilled water containing 0.5% sodium chloride. diluted unpasteurized lew was inoculated with five strains of s. enteritidis (atcc 4 ... | 2010 | 20688406 |
| salmonella enterica subsp. enterica in cattle egret (bubulcus ibis) chicks from central texas: prevalence, serotypes, pathogenicity, and epizootic potential. | cattle egrets have a worldwide distribution, feed in proximity to cattle and other domestic animals, and often nest in large colonies in urban woodlots. over a 3-yr period, nestlings from five cattle egret colonies from central texas, usa, were surveyed for salmonellosis. prevalence of infection ranged from 29% to 95%. seventeen salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotypes were isolated, of which the 4,5,12:i-monophasic serotype predominated in cultures of both the digestive tract and pooled sp ... | 2010 | 20688631 |
| [report on salmonella isolates in livestock, food and feed, received at the german national reference laboratory for salmonella during 2004-2008]. | the german national reference laboratory for salmonella receives salmonella isolates from diverse laboratories in germany. most of the salmonella strains originated from livestock and food.this report summarizes the studies of the german national reference laboratory on the prevalence of salmonella ssp. in livestock, food and feed for the years 2004-2008. in the past five years, the national reference laboratory received 23,949 salmonella isolates with s. enterica serovar typhimurium and s. ente ... | 2010 | 20690538 |
| prevalence of cole1-like plasmids and kanamycin resistance genes in salmonella enterica serovars. | multi-antimicrobial-resistant salmonella enterica strains frequently carry resistance genes on plasmids. recent studies focus heavily on large conjugative plasmids, and the role that small plasmids play in resistance gene transfer is largely unknown. to expand our previous studies in assessing the prevalence of the isolates harboring cole1-like plasmids carrying the aph gene responsible for kanamycin resistance (kan(r)) phenotypes, 102 kan(r) salmonella isolates collected through the national an ... | 2010 | 20693446 |
| quantification of enteric viruses, pathogen indicators, and salmonella bacteria in class b anaerobically digested biosolids by culture and molecular methods. | the most common class b biosolids in the united states are generated by mesophilic anaerobic digestion (mad), and mad biosolids have been used for land application. however, the pathogen levels in mad biosolids are still unclear, especially with respect to enteric viruses. in this study, we determined the occurrence and the quantitative levels of enteric viruses and indicators in 12 mad biosolid samples and of salmonella enterica in 6 mad biosolid samples. three dewatered biosolid samples were a ... | 2010 | 20693452 |
| [typhoid fever in lebanon: epidemiological study]. | typhoid fever is a major public health problem, especially in developing countries. from 2000 through 2008, the infectious disease surveillance unit at the lebanese ministry of public health received 6148 reports of typhoid cases. a case is considered positive for typhoid or paratyphoid fever when fever of at least 38 degrees c persists for three days, and salmonella enterica serovar typhi or paratyphi is isolated from blood, bone marrow, or stool. statistical analysis was performed with stata v ... | 2010 | 20696646 |
| novel restriction enzyme ssii for the detection of mutation in gyra gene of salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | enteric fever is an ongoing problem in the developing nations. resistance and reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin narrows the therapeutic options in enteric fever. the present study was carried out with the objective of determining molecular basis of resistance to fluoroquinolone among the clinical isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhi from different parts of india. | 2010 | 20699513 |
| correction: the role of coupled positive feedback in the expression of the spi1 type three secretion system in salmonella. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a common food-borne pathogen that induces inflammatory diarrhea and invades intestinal epithelial cells using a type three secretion system (t3ss) encoded within salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi1). the genes encoding the spi1 t3ss are tightly regulated by a network of interacting transcriptional regulators involving three coupled positive feedback loops. while the core architecture of the spi1 gene circuit has been determined, the relative roles o ... | 2010 | 20700452 |
| srnascanner: a computational tool for intergenic small rna detection in bacterial genomes. | bacterial non-coding small rnas (srnas) have attracted considerable attention due to their ubiquitous nature and contribution to numerous cellular processes including survival, adaptation and pathogenesis. existing computational approaches for identifying bacterial srnas demonstrate varying levels of success and there remains considerable room for improvement. | 2010 | 20700540 |
| transposons related to tn1696 in inchi2 plasmids in multiply antibiotic resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium from australian animals. | conjugative inchi2 plasmids carrying tetracycline, trimethoprim, and sulphonamide resistance genes were recovered from two multiply antibiotic resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates from australian food-producing animals. transposons related to the mercury resistance transposon tn1696 were identified in both inchi2 plasmids. these transposons contained an in4-type class 1 integron that carried a dfra5 trimethoprim resistance gene cassette and the sul1 sulfonamide resistance g ... | 2010 | 20701539 |
| erythema nodosum and bilateral breast abscesses due to salmonella enterica serotype poona. | a woman presented with erythema nodosum followed by bilateral breast abscesses without a gastrointestinal manifestation, due to a rare serotype of salmonella, namely, salmonella enterica serotype poona. this is the first reported case of erythema nodosum presumably associated with salmonella infection without a gastrointestinal manifestation. | 2010 | 20702664 |
| foodborne proportion of gastrointestinal illness: estimates from a canadian expert elicitation survey. | the study used a structured expert elicitation survey to derive estimates of the foodborne attributable proportion for nine illnesses caused by enteric pathogens in canada. it was based on a similar study conducted in the united states and focused on campylobacter, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, nontyphoidal salmonella enterica, shigella spp., vibrio spp., yersinia enterocolitica, cryptosporidium parvum, and norwalk-like virus. for each pathogen, experts were asked to provide ... | 2010 | 20704505 |
| development of an anti-salmonella phage cocktail with increased host range. | salmonella shedding in many livestock species can increase significantly after transport and lairage. preprocessing increases in shedding can amplify the amount of salmonella that enters the processing facility and the likelihood of end-product contamination. we previously produced an anti-salmonella phage cocktail that reduced colonization in swine when the pigs were exposed to an environment heavily contaminated with salmonella, similar to what might be seen in a transport trailer or processin ... | 2010 | 20704510 |
| characterization of tetracycline resistance in salmonella enterica strains recovered from irrigation water in the culiacan valley, mexico. | the increase of salmonella enterica strains showing resistance against antibiotics has resulted in limiting the effective treatment of human infections. the present study characterized the resistance to tetracycline in s. enterica serovar typhimurium strains, recovered from irrigation water in distinct regions in the culiacan valley, an important agricultural region in mexico for horticultural crops that are exported to the united states. analysis of the genomic diversity by pulse-field gel elec ... | 2010 | 20704512 |
| thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor is degraded by salmonella enterica and yersinia pestis. | pathogenic bacteria modulate the host coagulation system to evade immune responses or to facilitate dissemination through extravascular tissues. in particular, the important bacterial pathogens salmonella enterica and yersinia pestis intervene with the plasminogen/fibrinolytic system. thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (tafi) has anti-fibrinolytic properties as the active enzyme (tafia) removes c-terminal lysine residues from fibrin, thereby attenuating accelerated plasmin formation. | 2010 | 20704647 |
| isolation of scfv fragments specific to ompd of salmonella typhimurium. | pork meat is one of the major sources for human infections with salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovars. further, zoonoses caused by s. enterica subspecies enterica serovars are responsible for substantial economical losses in industrial countries. quick and reliable detection of this infection is urgently needed to improve consumer security. due to its capability to identify infections independent of the species, a competitive elisa is the preferable method for the detection of anti-sa ... | 2011 | 20708859 |
| structure and gene cluster of the o-antigen of salmonella enterica o44. | the o-polysaccharide (o-antigen) of salmonella enterica o44 was studied by sugar analysis along with 1d and 2d (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy. the following structure of the pentasaccharide repeating unit containing only common monosaccharides was established: [formula: see text]. the o-antigen gene cluster of s. enterica o44 was sequenced. the gene functions were tentatively assigned by comparison with sequences in the available databases and found to be in full agreement with the s. enterica ... | 2010 | 20709316 |
| a proteomic analysis reveals differential regulation of the σ(s)-dependent ycigfe(katn) locus by yncc and h-ns in salmonella and escherichia coli k-12. | the stationary phase sigma factor σ(s) (rpos) controls a regulon required for general stress resistance of the closely related enterobacteria salmonella and escherichia coli. the σ(s)-dependent yncc gene encodes a putative dna binding regulatory protein. application of the surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (seldi-tof) proteinchip technology for proteome profiling of wild-type and mutant strains of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium revealed potential protein target ... | 2010 | 20713450 |
| humanized nonobese diabetic-scid il2rgammanull mice are susceptible to lethal salmonella typhi infection. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi, the cause of typhoid fever, is host-adapted to humans and unable to cause disease in mice. here, we show that s. typhi can replicate in vivo in nonobese diabetic (nod)-scid il2rgamma(null) mice engrafted with human hematopoietic stem cells (hu-src-scid mice) to cause a lethal infection with pathological and inflammatory cytokine responses resembling human typhoid. in contrast, s. typhi does not exhibit net replication or cause illness in nonengrafted or immunoc ... | 2010 | 20713716 |
| seasonal variation, chemical composition, and analgesic and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil from leaves of tetradenia riparia (hochst.) codd in southern brazil. | the seasonal variation of the chemical composition of the essential oil from fresh leaves of tetradenia riparia (hochst.) codd grown in southern brazil was analyzed by gc-ms, and the analgesic and antimicrobial activities of this oil were assayed. the yield of essential oil ranged from 0.17% to 0.26%, with the maximum amount in winter and the minimum in spring. the results obtained from principal components analysis (pca) revealed the existence of high chemical variability in the different seaso ... | 2010 | 20714310 |
| rpoe may promote flagellar gene expression in salmonella enterica serovar typhi under hyperosmotic stress. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi z66 positive strain contains a fljba-like operon on a linear plasmid. the operon contains the gene fljb:z66 which encodes the z66 antigen. rpoe is a sigma factor σ(e) that initiates transcription of a series of genes in escherichia and salmonella under environmental stresses. to investigate whether the gene fljb:z66 is regulated by rpoe (σ(e)), a rpoe deletion mutant of s. enterica serovar typhi (δrpoe) was prepared in this study. the defective motility of the δ ... | 2011 | 20717675 |
| nationwide pseudo-outbreak of salmonella enterica subspecies diarizonae, france. | abstract to investigate an increased incidence of human cultures growing salmonella enterica subspecies diarizonae serotype 61:k:1,5,7 in france in 2008, we reviewed medical records of case-patients and identified the material used during invasive procedures and for bacterial culture. trace back investigations incriminated culture media containing contaminated sheep blood agar. | 2010 | 20718799 |