| shifts in protein metabolism in some organs of freshwater fish, cyprinus carpio under mercury stress. | changes in the protein metabolism of gill, kidney and intestine of freshwater fish, cyprinus carpio exposed to 1, 15 and 30 days to sublethal concentration (0.1 mg/l) of mercury were studied. the total, soluble and structural protein contents recorded the depletion followed by progressive increase in accumulation of free aminoacids. concurrently, the activity of protease in the tissues was also increased. a steady enhancement in the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotrans ... | 1991 | 1930254 |
| excitatory responses to scyliorhinins i and ii in smooth muscle strips isolated from the carp intestinal bulb (cyprinus carpio). | 1. the effects of scyliorhinins i (scy i) and ii (scy ii) on longitudinal (lm) and circular muscle (cm) strips isolated from the carp intestinal bulb were investigated in vitro and compared with that of substance p (sp). 2. sp (0.3 nm-1 microm), scy i (0.3-300 nm) and scy ii (0.3 nm-1 microm) caused transient concentration-dependent contractions of lm strips. the ec50 values for sp, scy i and scy ii were 16 nm, 15 nm and 39 nm, respectively. tetrodotoxin and atropine partly decreased the contrac ... | 1991 | 1715522 |
| magnesium status in freshwater fish, common carp (cyprinus carpio, l.) and the dietary protein-magnesium interaction. | common carp juveniles were fed for 9 weeks one of the eight semipurified diets containing graded levels of magnesium, 0.08, 0.6, 1.1, 3, 2 g mg kg(-1) and 25 or 44% protein.fish growth and feed utilization were significantly affected by both mg and protein levels in the diets. significant interaction between these two studied variables existed in relation to the fish performance as well as to mean deposition rate of several minerals in common carp body. the fish fed diets containing 0.08 g mg kg ... | 1991 | 24214675 |
| fenvalerate induced biochemical changes in the selected tissues of freshwater fish, cyprinus carpio. | alterations in the levels of some biochemical and enzymological parameters in brain, liver and muscle tissues of cyprinus carpio exposed to sublethal concentration (10 micrograms/liter) of fenvalerate for 6, 12, 24 and 48 hr were studied. total, structural and soluble proteins were decreased, whereas the free amino acids and the activities of protease, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase significantly increased in fenvalerate exposed fish. it is also observed that the changes ... | 1991 | 1953805 |
| pharmacokinetics of sulphadimidine in carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri richardson) acclimated at two different temperature levels. | the influence of temperature (10 degrees c and 20 degrees c) on pharmacokinetics and metabolism of sulphadimidine (sdm) in carp and trout was studied. at 20 degrees c a significantly lower level of distribution (vdarea) and a significantly shorter elimination half-life (t(1/2)beta) was achieved in both species compared to the 10 degrees c level. in carp the body clearance parameter (clb(sdm)) was significantly higher at 20 degrees c compared to the value at 10 degrees c, whereas for trout this p ... | 1991 | 1882494 |
| color opponency in cone-driven horizontal cells in carp retina. aspecific pathways between cones and horizontal cells. | the spectral and dynamic properties of cone-driven horizontal cells in carp retina were evaluated with silent substitution stimuli and/or saturating background illumination. the aim of this study was to describe the wiring underlying the spectral sensitivity of these cells. we will present electrophysiological data that indicate that all cone-driven horizontal cell types receive input from all spectral cone types, and we will present evidence that all cone-driven horizontal cell types feedback t ... | 1991 | 1711573 |
| [the helminthiasis situation in areas of the influence of water storage basins on the territory of cherkassy province]. | the situation with helminthiases has been studied on the right tributaries of the dnieper, the upper reaches of kremenchug storage pond and in the storage ponds of the south bug basin. the existence of genuine opisthorchiasis foci in kremenchug storage pond is at present impossible due to the absence of codiella mollusks. fish of the carp family is infected in the right tributaries of the dnieper. no diphyllobothriasis foci have been identified in the upper reaches of kremenchug storage pond. op ... | 2009 | 2067500 |
| [multiple molecular forms of glutamine synthetase in carp muscles]. | cytoplasmic and mitochondrial molecular forms of glutamine synthetase (ce 6.3.1.2) have been isolated from the carp muscle with purification degree of 100 and 165 times and output 9.0%. it is established that the temperature optimum of the cytoplasmic form activity is 30 degrees c and that of mitochondrial one--20 degrees c; the ph optimum for the both molecular forms is 6.0 and 8.2. the optimal ratio [me2+] : [atp] for the isolated form is 2:1; km (seeming) of the cytoplasmic form in the presen ... | 2015 | 1679261 |
| inhibition of mg2+ and na(+)-k+ atpases in selected tissues of fish, cyprinus carpio under fenvalerate toxicity. | the changes in the magnesium adenosine triphosphatase (mg2+ atpase) and sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (na(+)-k+ atpase) in gill, brain, liver and muscle tissues of freshwater fish, cyprinus carpio at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hr exposure periods were studied after subjecting to sublethal concentration (10 micrograms/lit) of fenvalerate. mg2+ atpase and na(+)-k+ atpase activities were inhibited in all the tissues of fenvalerate exposed fish. the per cent inhibition increased with increase in t ... | 1991 | 1651727 |
| cloning and characterization of the carp prolactin gene. | a carp genomic dna clone containing the carp prolactin (prl) gene was isolated with carp prl cdna as a probe. the organization of the carp prl gene was determined by restriction nuclease mapping and nucleotide sequencing. the prl gene comprises approx. 2.8 kilobasepairs (kb) of dna including the 5'-flanking region, five exons, four introns and the 3'-flanking region. analysis of the 5'-flanking region reveals (1) the sequence tatataat at positions -38 to -31 upstream from the cap site which was ... | 1991 | 2001405 |
| infection of the heart in carp caused by myxobolus dogieli (myxosporea, myxobolidae). | myxobolus dogieli infecting the heart muscles of carp was noted in a cage fishfarm situated in the upper volga river. prevalence of infection of two summer old fishes in different cages was 10-20%. some of the fishes perished. one summer old carps had a lower infection. the disease takes place when the thermal efflusences of power stations are used. | 1991 | 2039093 |
| myofilament overlap in swimming carp. ii. sarcomere length changes during swimming. | this study was performed to determine myofilament overlap during swimming in carp. by using frozen sections, we found that sarcomere lengths of the red and white muscle could be related to the curvature of the backbone. sarcomere length (sl) during swimming was calculated from an analysis of backbone curvature in high-speed motion pictures. because carp have the same myofilament lengths as frogs, we related force generation to sl using the frog sl-tension curve. at slow swimming speeds, the red ... | 1991 | 1996612 |
| myofilament overlap in swimming carp. i. myofilament lengths of red and white muscle. | to assess myofilament overlap during locomotion, we estimated the length of myosin and actin filaments in axial red and white muscle of carp. myosin filament lengths were 1.52 +/- 0.009 and 1.50 +/- 0.037 micron (means +/- sd) in the red and white muscle, respectively, as measured from thin sections. after correction for shrinkage (using the troponin-based 385-a axial periodicity), thin filaments were 0.96 +/- 0.009 and 0.97 +/- 0.023 micron in the red and white muscles, respectively. filaments ... | 1991 | 1996611 |
| metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene and (-)-trans-benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol by freshly isolated hepatocytes from mirror carp. | the metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene (b[a]p) and (-)-trans-benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol [(-)-b[a]p-7,8-diol], a major putative proximate carcinogenic metabolite of b[a]p, was compared in freshly isolated hepatocytes from mirror carp, a strain of common carp (cyprinus carpio, l.). hepatocytes incubated with 40 microm [3h]b[a]p produced 1.22 nmol equivalents of b[a]p metabolites/mg dry wt of cells/h. conjugated derivatives represented approximately 65% of all b[a]p metabolites and included glucuroni ... | 1991 | 1995182 |
| [experimental studies of the effect of rhabdovirus infection on hematological, immunological and biochemical indicators in cold-blooded animals]. | bactericidal activity of blood serum (babc), content of lysozyme, protein in it were recorded as well as formula and form of erythrocytes, activity of digestive enzymes by results of free amino acid accumulation in the food substrate were determined ten days after rhabdovirus injection to one-year-old carp. it is shown that if there are no clinical symptoms of viremia in carps, babc, relative number of stab neutrophils and the value of eccentricity index in erythrocytes increase. simultaneously ... | 2006 | 2055316 |
| modelling protein three-dimensional structure using tritium planigraphy. | we propose the use of data on the topography of the label-accessible surface of a protein molecule obtained by the method of tritium planigraphy as a criterion for choosing the optimal intermediate arrangements of alpha-helices in globular proteins so as to model their three-dimensional structures. this approach has been used for modelling the three-dimensional structure of parvalbumin iii from pike. the proposed model has been compared with high-resolution x-ray structural data for a related pr ... | 1991 | 1915152 |
| inactivation of enolase from carp (cyprinus carpio) muscle by 2,3-butanedione. | enolase from white muscle of carp (cyprinus carpio) is inactivated by 2,3-butanedione in borate buffer. magnesium ions as well as substrate--2-phosphoglycerate markedly altered the rate and extent of inactivation. the partially inactivated enzyme shows unaltered km but decreased vmax after 10 min incubation with butanedione, however after 60 min incubation the km value increased 2.5 fold. | 1991 | 1863278 |
| the existence of 25-hydroxyvitamin d3-1 alpha-hydroxylase in the liver of carp and bastard halibut. | we have found that carp and bastard halibut contain 25-hydroxyvitamin d3 (25-d3)-1 alpha-hydroxylase in the liver besides in the kidney by the following in vivo and in vitro experiments. when [3h]-25-d3 was intraperitoneally injected to vitamin d(d)-deficient carp and normal bastard halibut (d-deficient bastard halibut could not be raised because they died during farming), the profiles of high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) of the plasma lipid extract showed the formation of a peak cor ... | 1991 | 1846929 |
| ultraviolet photoreception in carp: microspectrophotometry and behaviorally determined action spectra. | this study demonstrates correlations between u.v. sensitivity and microspectrophotometric absorption spectra determined sequentially for the same group of individuals. we used the heart-rate conditioning technique to measure spectral sensitivity of carp, a species known to have u.v.-sensitive photoreceptors. mean spectral sensitivity (n = 3) determined with a spectrally-broad background (450 nm long pass filter) revealed a small but consistent u.v. peak (lambda max of 380 nm) in addition to the ... | 1991 | 1843761 |
| dendritic morphology of a class of interstitial and normally placed amacrine cells revealed by intracellular lucifer yellow injection in carp retina. | the dendritic morphology of a class of interstitial amacrine (isa) and normally placed amacrine cells was investigated in carp retina. we first identified their fluorescent nuclei after preloading with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (dapi) in living or aldehyde-fixed retinal wholemounts and then injected them iontophoretically with lucifer yellow (ly) under microscopic control. although dapi appeared to be accumulated nonspecifically by amacrine and ganglion cells, isa cell nuclei were discriminat ... | 1991 | 1843753 |
| ecological aspects of nematode parasites of introduced salmonids from valdivia river basin, chile. | between 1986 and 1987, 666 fishes distributed among the following species introduced in chile, and from different sectors of the valdivia river basin (39 degrees 30'-40 degrees 00's, 73 degrees 30'-71 degrees 45'w), were examined: 348 salmo trutta, 242 salmo gairdneri, 24 cyprinus carpio and 52 gambusia affinis holbrooki. the presence of camallanus corderoi and contracaecum sp. in s. gairdneri and of c. corderoi in s. trutta is recorded in chile for the first time. cyprinus carpio and g. a. holb ... | 2006 | 1842391 |
| the role of tubificid worms as an intermediate host in the life cycle of myxobolus pavlovskii (akhmerov, 1954). | myxobolus pavlovskii from the gills of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) were used in attempts to transmit the infection under laboratory conditions. spores of m. pavlovskii were placed in aquaria that contained sterilized sand and had been filled with tap water at 15-16 degrees c. furthermore, oligochaetes (90% tubifex tubifex) were added and examined by wet mounts and histology. hexactinomyxon spores developed after about 3 months only in t. tubifex that had been exposed to m. pavlovsk ... | 1991 | 1805209 |
| conductance-decreasing synaptic mechanisms mediating cone input to h1 horizontal cells in carp retina. | | 1991 | 1798613 |
| dendritic contacts between neighboring homologous amacrine cells in carp retina. | | 1991 | 1798608 |
| physicochemical characterization of industrial effluents and their effect on fish survival. | water samples taken from selected industrial drainages and receiving streams in and around islamabad, pakistan, during the summers of 1987 to 1990 showed disturbances in ph and low oxygen levels. selected metals (fe, pb, zn, cd, cu, ni, hg) were higher in all effluents than in receiving waters. static bioassays of the undiluted industrial effluents from three sites caused 100% mortality in carp during the first 24 hrs. fishes also suffered 30 to 60% mortality when exposed to other undiluted indu ... | 1991 | 1779125 |
| the use of the carp retina in neurobiology: its uniqueness and application for neural network analyses of the inner retina. | | 1991 | 1758963 |
| voltage clamp study of electrophysiologically-identified horizontal cells in carp retina. | passive membrane properties and electromotive force of light modulated currents of l-, r/g-type and rod-driven horizontal cells were studied by voltage-clamp using double-barrelled micro-electrodes whilst perfusing with 5 microm dopamine to uncouple the gap junctions. input impedances of horizontal cells in darkness were 31 +/- 1.4 m omega (mean +/- se, n = 63); the resting potentials were -37 +/- 1.3 mv. current-voltage relationships had regions of both inward and outward rectification and a re ... | 1991 | 1726897 |
| a variety of mytilus inhibitory peptides in the abrm of mytilus edulis: isolation and characterization. | 1. five species of mytilus inhibitory peptides, mip1-5, were isolated from acetone extracts of the anterior byssus retractor muscle (abrm) of mytilus edulis. mip1 and mip2 were shown to be s2-mip and a2-mip, respectively, first isolated from the pedal ganglia of the animal. 2. all the five peptides had a common c-terminal structure of -pro-xaa-phe-val-nh2, which was shown to be important for their biological activity. 3. the five mips showed similar inhibitory effects on contractions of the abrm ... | 1991 | 1687551 |
| physiological response of the fish, cyprinus carpio, to formalin exposure--i. effects of formalin on urine flow, heart rate, respiration. | 1. carp were exposed to 280 ppm formalin. haematocrit and plasma glucose and lactic acid increased. in moribund fish, blood ph was remarkably lower and plasma protein increased. 2. when exposed to formalin, heart rate (hr) and respiration increased briefly, and then decreased. 3. some fish increased urine flow (uf) immediately and maintained higher values for a while, followed by gradual decrease, and others decreased uf consistently. uf stopped at 30 min or longer prior to fish death. urine osm ... | 1991 | 1687535 |
| mode of action of the molluscicide bromoacetamide. | 1. uptake of bromoacetamide was found to be upgraded with exposure time (6, 12, 24 hr) and drug concentration (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 ppm). 2. bromoacetamide was also absorbed by carp and mice, but drug concentration was markedly lower than in snails. drug clearance from carp as well as from mice is more rapid than that of snails. 3. the ultrastructure of hepatopancreas cells are markedly influenced by bromoacetamide, including swelling of mitochondria and splitting of cristae. this finding is correlativ ... | 1991 | 1687531 |
| d-glucose permeability in river lamprey (lampetra fluviatilis) and carp (cyprinus carpio) erythrocytes. | 1. the transport of 3-o-methyl-d-glucose (3-omg) in lamprey and carp erythrocytes was studied. 2. in lamprey erythrocytes the half-time for the equilibration of 3-omg was fast, approx. 8 min. in contrast, the erythrocytes of carp were almost impermeable to 3-omg, with a half-time for equilibration of 14.2 hr. 3. 3-omg was taken up by lamprey erythrocytes both by facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion. the presence of carrier-mediated transport was indicated by saturation kinetics and by inhi ... | 1991 | 1685971 |
| sustained potential shifts and changes in acoustic evoked potentials after presentation of a non-acoustic priming stimulus to carp (cyprinus carpio). | 1. recordings were made from the region of the midbrain tectum and torus semicircularis of sustained potential shifts (sps) to a non-acoustic priming stimulus and the change in subsequent acoustic evoked potentials (aeps) to a train of six clicks after a long rest. 2. in the absence of priming stimuli (a jet of saline or water to the flank) the aep to the first click in a train had the highest amplitude; with these stimuli it became the most attenuated. 3. the sps to both non-acoustic stimuli wa ... | 1991 | 1682105 |
| changes in eeg power, acoustic evoked potentials and heart rate after mildly arousing non-acoustic priming stimuli in carp (cyprinus carpio). | 1. changes in eeg power spectrum of carp to a priming non-acoustic stimulus followed by acoustic clicks were compared to those due to acoustic clicks delivered alone. recordings were made from the telencephalon, midbrain and medulla. acoustic evoked potentials (aeps) to the clicks were also recorded. 2. eeg power changes to non-acoustic stimuli occurred over the whole 1-40 hz frequency range and were regionally specific and consistent. 3. the changes in the eeg midfrequency 12-24 hz power spectr ... | 1991 | 1682104 |
| relationship of respiration to body weight in the carp cyprinus carpio under resting and normoxic condition. | relationships of oxygen consumption (vo2, ml/min/fish), ventilation volume (vg, ml/min/fish), stroke volume (vs, ml/stroke/fish), respiration frequency (rf, stroke/min) and oxygen utilization (u, %) to body weight (w, g) in the carp under resting and normoxic condition was vo2 = 0.004258 w 0.780710, vg = 1.035226 w 0.771371, vs = 0.045311 w 0.833989, rf = -0.002949 w + 17.847743, u = 0.0015423 w + 75.666757, respectively. | 1991 | 1682083 |
| the effect of large doses of vitamin c and magnesium on stress responses in common carp, cyprinus carpio. | 1. plasma magnesium, cortisol, lactate and ascorbic acid were examined in common carp subjected to various dietary treatments and following handling stress. 2. under conditions of satisfied dietary magnesium and ascorbate requirements, plasma cortisol concentration after stress increased less pronouncedly than in fish fed large doses of ascorbate and/or magnesium. 3. plasma lactate increased significantly in all groups after stress, although the increase seemed to be more severe (detrimental) in ... | 1991 | 1679707 |
| changes in early acoustic-evoked potentials by mildly arousing priming stimuli in carp (cyprinus carpio). | 1. averaged acoustic-evoked potential (aeps) in the medulla and midbrain were recorded, as were changes in heart rate, indicating arousal, to a previous non-acoustic priming stimulus. 2. useful aep measures were amplitude of the early biphasic wave (less than 10 msec) in medulla and amplitude and duration of this wave in midbrain. 3. there was a negative regression of heart rate and medullary aep amplitude especially evident for a 2 sec light stimulus. decreased aep amplitude in both regions was ... | 1991 | 1679693 |
| reversal potentials of color opponent responses in horizontal cells of the carp retina. | reversal potentials of color opponent responses were measured in h2 and h3 horizontal cells of the carp using ca2+ action potential method. all responses reversed around -5 mv, suggesting that the ionic mechanisms of light responses are common among all types of horizontal cells. glutamate-induced depolarizations in h2 and h3 cells had the same reversal potentials as those of light responses, consistent with the idea that these cells receive glutamate-mediated inputs from the cones. simultaneous ... | 1991 | 1654005 |
| [beta-adrenergic catecholamines activate the na+, k+ pump of carp erythrocytes independently of the stimulation of na+/h+ exchange]. | | 1991 | 1648470 |
| preparation of antiserum against carp (cyprinus carpio l.) immunoglobulin and its application for immunohistochemistry. | | 1990 | 2287143 |
| effect of species differences and dietary vitamin c on the concentration of ascorbate- and acid-soluble thiol in fish eye. | data presented confirm the essentiality of modification of the dinitrophenylhydrazine (dnph) method to analyze the total ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid in ocular tissues and stress the need of corrections for the interfering substances. variations in ascorbate and thiol concentrations in the lens, retina and aqueous humour of freshwater fish belonging to the cyprinidae family were examined. the interspecific variability of ascorbate concentration was highest in the aqueous humour and low ... | 1990 | 2265674 |
| [prophylactic and therapeutic studies on intestinal giant-cystic disease of the israel carp caused by thelohanellus kitauei. ii. effects of physical and chemical factors on t. kitauei spores in vitro]. | in a basic attempt to develop the prophylactic and therapeutic measures on intestinal giant-cystic disease of the israel carp, cyprinus carpio nudus, the effects of physical and chemical factors on viability or survival of the spores of thelohanellus kitauei were checked in vitro by means of extrusion test on the polar filament. when the fresh spores suspended with 0.45% and 0.9% sodium chloride solution and distilled water were laid at 5 degrees c and 28 degrees c for short terms, the extrusion ... | 1990 | 2099178 |
| modulatory effect of metal ions on the immune response of fish: in vivo and in vitro influence of mncl2 on nk activity of carp pronephros cells. | the in vivo and in vitro influence of mncl2 on carp pronephros cells was investigated. increased cytotoxicity against both yac-1 and p 815 target cells was observed following an intraperitoneal injection of 40, 80, or 120 micrograms mncl2/g body wt administrated 24 hr prior to the in vitro 51cr release assay. similarly, in vitro treatment of carp pronephros cells, at a final concentration of 60 micrograms/culture, resulted in an increase of nk cell activity in both yac-1 and p 815 target cell li ... | 1990 | 2090440 |
| interrelationships between red cell nucleoside triphosphate content, and blood ph, o2-tension and haemoglobin concentration in the carp, cyprinus carpio. | as a starting point for investigations of possible control factors for the nucleoside triphosphate content in carp red cells, we utilized the natural variability in blood physico-chemical parameters to test for interrelationships. by application of two-variable regression analysis, the red cell ntp content was found to be significantly correlated with arterial po 2 and ph as well as with the blood haemoglobin (hb) concentration. these correlations show a rise in red cell ntp content with falling ... | 1990 | 24221032 |
| the influence of temperature on muscle velocity and sustained performance in swimming carp. | the aim of this study was to evaluate how fish locomote at different muscle temperatures. sarcomere length excursion and muscle shortening velocity, v, were determined from high-speed motion pictures of carp, cyprinus carpio (11-14 cm), swimming steadily at various sustained speeds at 10, 15 and 20 degrees c. in the middle and posterior regions of the carp, sarcomeres of the lateral red muscle underwent cyclical excursions of 0.31 microns, centered around the resting length of 2.06 microns (i.e. ... | 1990 | 2277258 |
| effect of sublethal doses of three pesticides on the ovary of a carp minnow rasbora daniconius. | | 1990 | 2265274 |
| structure-activity studies with fragments and analogous of salmonid melanin-concentrating hormone. | a number of cyclic and linear fragments and analogues of mch were synthesized and their biological potencies tested using the isolated carp scale melanophore assay. in this system the cyclic portion mch(5-14) exhibited only 0.1% bioactivity, which was markedly enhanced by the addition of the exocyclic sequences mch(15-17) and mch(1-4). the exocyclic sequence itself, mch(1-4,15-17), had minimal activity, however. substitution of tyr11 with phenylalanine reduced the potency of the ring structure m ... | 2014 | 2087435 |
| steroid profiles during spawning in male common carp. | the profiles of testosterone (t) 11-ketotestosterone (11-kt), 17 alpha-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17-p), and 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20 beta-p) were determined in groups of spermiating male common carp (cyprinus carpio) which were or were not mated with females and subjected to an increase in water temperature, a treatment which usually induces females to spawn. the steroid levels were correlated with changes in gonadotropin (gth). all males mated with ovulatory females show ... | 1990 | 2074001 |
| [features of the interconversion of alpha-ketoglutarate--glutamate in brain mitochondria of exothermic animals during hibernation]. | it has been found that there exists a correlation in the dynamics of changes in the amount of glutamate, alpha-ketoglutarate, glutamine, ammonia and activity level or alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, nadp-glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase and glutaminase in the brain of young carp in the process of winter starvation. it has been stated that under condition of energy deficiency and meaningful amount of ammonia in the organism of hibernating fish, its binding parallel with the known ... | 2016 | 1982377 |
| in vitro responses of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) somatotrophs to carp growth hormone-releasing factor (grf) and somatostatin. | to study the hypothalamic control of growth hormone (gh) release in lower vertebrates, we employed an in vitro technique using a monolayer cell culture system of rainbow trout pituitary glands. two newly purified carp brain growth hormone-releasing factors, carp grf(1-45) and carp grf(1-29), and synthetic somatostatin-14 (sst-14) were applied to the cultured pituitary cells. the results indicate that: (1) the carp grfs had a dose-related potency in stimulating growth hormone release. the dose of ... | 1990 | 1981568 |
| effect of oxygen tension on catecholamine-induced formation of camp and on swelling of carp red blood cells. | we studied the effects of beta-adrenergic stimulation on the formation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (camp) and on the cell volume in carp red blood cells in normoxia (po2 = 150 mmhg) and hypoxia (po2 = 8 mmhg). accumulation of camp was the prerequisite for adrenergic cell swelling. cell swelling was induced by beta-agonists, forskolin, and 8-bromo-camp. the amount of camp required for adrenergic swelling was minimal; swelling was observed at camp concentrations greater than 100 nm. ma ... | 1990 | 1978570 |
| immunohistochemical localization of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the brain of carp, cyprinus carpio. | the localization of immunoreactive thyrotropin-releasing hormone (ir-trh) in the forebrain and pituitary of carp was studied immunohistochemically using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. in the hypothalamus. ir-trh was present in the neuronal processes extending from the preoptic nucleus (npo) to the nucleus recessus lateralis (nrl). cell bodies appeared to be present in the inside of the medial nrl. most of these neurons were fusiform and bipolar. immunoreactive-beaded fibers streamed fr ... | 1990 | 2125569 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of the growth-hormone gene from the common carp (cyprinus carpio). | we have isolated and sequenced a phase clone from a common carp (cyprinus carpio) genomic library that carries a gene encoding growth hormone (gh). this gene consists of five exons and four introns spanning a region of about 3 kilobase pairs. its exons correspond with one of two reported cdnas of carp gh except for nine differences in the nucleotide sequence, while the encoded amino-acid sequences are identical. the sequence upstream from the transcription start point contains two tandem repeats ... | 1990 | 2400791 |
| europium(iii) ion luminescence as a structural probe of parvalbumin isotypes. | the 7f0----5d0 transition of eu3+ is used to investigate the metal ion binding sites of five parvalbumin isotypes. comparisons are based on the resolution of the eu3+ excitation spectrum with a computer program using the marquardt nonlinear regression algorithm. the lorentzian-gaussian product function provides the most effective approximation to the shape of the peaks, the positions of which were found to be related to differences in the amino acid residues at the binding sites. below ph 6, spe ... | 1990 | 2400774 |
| urotensin i and its n-terminal flanking peptide from the flounder, platichthys flesus. | the caudal spinal cord region of teleost fish terminates in a neurosecretory organ, the urophysis. two peptides have been purified to homogeneity from an extract of the urophysis of a teleost fish, the flounder. the primary structure of one peptide, ser-glu-asp-pro-pro-met-ser-ile-asp-leu10-thr-phe-his-met-leu-arg- asn-met-ile- his20-met-ala-lys-met-glu-gly-glu-arg-glu-gln30-ala-gln-ile- asn-arg-asn-leu-leu - asp-glu40-val, indicates identity with urotensin i. by analogy with other urotensins, t ... | 2006 | 2284199 |
| immunocytochemistry of gonadotropic cells in the pituitary of pomadasys jubelini (teleost fish). | an antibody specific for the beta subunit of carp gonadotropin was applied to pituitary sections from pomadasys jubelini in order to characterize and localize the gonadotropic cells by immunocytological means. it reveals the gonadotropic zone lying mainly at the periphery of the proximal pars distalis with lateral extensions around the pars intermedia. the separation between the pars proximalis and the pars intermedia is irregular. short finger-like extensions of the gonadotropic zone protrude m ... | 1990 | 2272465 |
| in vitro metabolism of progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and 17,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one by ovaries of the common carp cyprinus carpio: production rates of polar metabolites. | [14c]progesterone, 17-[3h]hydroxyprogesterone, and 17,20 beta-[3h]dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20 beta p) were incubated for 1, 3, 6 or 24 hr with ovaries from carp which had received injections of either carp pituitary extract or saline. all three substrates were very rapidly metabolized to polar products, but 17,20 beta p was not detected as a metabolite of either progesterone or 17-hydroxyprogesterone. the major metabolite in all incubations was very similar, but not identical, in chemical a ... | 1990 | 2272461 |
| [the role of ketone bodies in energy supply in cold-blooded animals during winter starvation]. | natural winter starvation has been studied for its effect on the content of ketone bodies, oxaloacetate, glucose, 3-oxybutyrate-dehydrogenase activity level in the carp fry tissue. a compensatory mechanism of the energy supply in peripheral tissues is found proceeding by formation of ketone bodies in the liver and their distribution in the tissues of white muscles and brain. for the latter the ketone bodies in wintering serve as an additional oxidation substrate. | 2015 | 2270626 |
| skeletal maturity in belgian youths assessed by the tanner-whitehouse method (tw2). | reference data for skeletal maturity (tw2 method) of the hand and wrist are provided for large representative samples of belgian boys and girls. the sample of belgian boys consisted of 21,174 boys aged 12 to 20 years studied in a nationwide cross-sectional and longitudinal study on the physical fitness of secondary schoolboys (1969-1974). the girls' sample consisted of 9698 6-19-year-old flemish girls studied cross-sectionally (1979-1980). both samples were multi-stage stratified cluster samples ... | 2006 | 2260839 |
| biological significance of [14c]phenol accumulation in different organs of a murrel, channa punctatus, and the common carp, cyprinus carpio. | phenol, a ubiquitous component of industrial effluents, is a common pollutant of water resources and a serious threat to fish. the present work demonstrates that a significant amount of phenol is retained by various tissues of the common carp, cyprinus carpio, and the snake-headed murrel, channa punctatus. the rate of [14c]phenol accumulation was higher carp than in the murrel. it is suggested that retention of phenol in the brain and ovary may seriously affect the reproductive potential of the ... | 1990 | 2252553 |
| [prophylactic and therapeutic studies on intestinal giant-cystic disease of the israel carp caused by thelohanellus kitauei. i. course of formation and vanishment of the cyst]. | in an attempt to develop prophylactic and therapeutic measures of the intestinal giant-cystic disease caused by thelohanellus kitauei in the israel carp, cyprinus carpio nudus, pathological observations were conducted upon the carps which were hatched in may 1988 and raised in a net cage fish farm at the soyang lake, managed by horim fisheries for the period of 21 months with 1-2 months interval. after a gross inspection of the carps, necropsy was carried out periodically in order to clarify the ... | 1990 | 2095200 |
| the influence of temperature on mechanics of red muscle in carp. | 1. we measured the influence of temperature on maximum velocity of shortening (vmax) of red muscle in carp in order to better understand the influence of temperature on locomotory performance. 2. a stable red muscle bundle preparation containing about 100 muscle fibres was developed. the bundles could not be activated directly by electrical stimulation, but rather contained sufficient nervous tissue so that acetylcholine released from the nerve terminals caused activation of the muscle. a high l ... | 1990 | 2213594 |
| functional significance of metabolic responses to thermal acclimation in fish muscle. | compensatory increases of the aerobic capacity of fish swimming muscle are frequently observed in response to cold acclimation. such thermal compensation occurs both in fish that remain active in the cold and in fish that become dormant at cold temperatures. for cold-active fish, positive thermal compensation is best explained by conservation of the capacity for aerobic metabolic flux at low temperatures. the compensatory responses of cold-active species can be used to suggest the temperature ra ... | 1990 | 2201217 |
| influence of temperature on muscle recruitment and muscle function in vivo. | temperature has a large influence on the maximum velocity of shortening (vmax) and maximum power output of muscle (q10 = 1.5-3). in some animals, maximum performance and maximum sustainable performance show large temperature sensitivities, because these parameters are dependent solely on mechanical power output of the muscles. the mechanics of locomotion (sarcomere length excursions and muscle-shortening velocities, v) at a given speed, however, are precisely the same at all temperatures. animal ... | 1990 | 2201215 |
| ventilation, cardiac output and blood respiratory parameters in the carp, cyprinus carpio, during hyperoxia. | the specific ventilatory flow rate (vw), cardiac output (vb) and blood respiratory parameters were determined in the carp (cyprinus carpio) during hyperoxia. vb changed little during moderate hyperoxia (240-330 torr) but slightly increased during extreme hyperoxia (430-490 torr) while vw decreased. this means that the ventilation-perfusion ratio considerably decreased during hyperoxia. the co2 tension (pco2) of blood rose, causing a corresponding decrease in blood ph. the o2 tensions (po2) of ar ... | 1990 | 2124716 |
| mechanisms of temperature acclimation in the carp: a molecular biology approach. | most fish are unable to regulate their body temperature. therefore their muscle power output would be expected to decline markedly with decreased environmental temperature. however, some species including carp show a remarkable ability to acclimate. the nature and significance of changes in enzymatic myosin atpase activity and the recruitment of different muscle fiber types in relation to acclimation and environmental temperature in carp are reviewed. these changes presumably involve qualitative ... | 1990 | 1696790 |
| temperature adaptation of biological membranes: differential homoeoviscous responses in brush-border and basolateral membranes of carp intestinal mucosa. | the effects of temperature acclimation of carp upon the hydrocarbon order of intestinal membranes has been determined. a fractionation technique has been developed for the simultaneous purification of brush-border and basolateral membrane fractions from the intestinal mucosa. the specific activity of alkaline phosphatase in the brush-border fraction was enhanced 6.4-fold over that of the initial homogenate, whilst the (na(+)-k+)-stimulated atpase was enhanced 5.8-fold in the basolateral fraction ... | 1990 | 2378886 |
| [problems with malachite green use in fish]. | the arylmethane dye malachite green oxalate is used as an antimycotic and antiparasitic substance for treatment of fish diseases. the therapeutical use of malachite green is not licensed by the german drug act. a decree fixes a limit of tolerance of 0.01 mg malachite green/kg food produced from fish. a so-called standard license will be prepared for malachite green as a drug for fishes. by trout and carp, malachite green is eliminated slowly. therefore a long withdrawal time is necessary. the to ... | 1990 | 2401196 |
| [the contamination of food trout and carp from bavarian fish farms with radiocesium (cs-137 + 134) 1986 to 1989 as the result of the nuclear power plant accident at chernobyl]. | after the nuclear power station accident of chernobyl at 26. 4. 86 southern bavaria was contaminated with radionuclides as j-131, cs-137 and cs-134. after three months only the cesium nuclides had bearing on food, accordingly for fish. the accumulation of total cesium (137 + 134) in the muscle of trout and carp had reached levels of 30 and 80 bq/kg on an average and levels for 300 and about 800 bq/kg were determined as maximum. the more naturally fed carps had have in the first two years a highe ... | 1990 | 2401195 |
| the shift from c-19 to c-21 steroid synthesis in spawning male common carp, cyprinus carpio, is regulated by the inhibition of androgen production by progestogens produced by spermatozoa. | there is a rapid shift in the steroidogenic pathway from androgen to progestogen production in spawning male common carp, cyprinus carpio. experiments were conducted to determine the mechanism regulating this shift using in vitro cultures of testicular fragments and isolated sperm of spermiating male carp. the levels of 11-ketotestosterone (11-kt) continually increased for 48 h with or without gonadotropin (gth) stimulation, suggesting that 11-kt is the principal androgen produced by carp testes ... | 1990 | 2393683 |
| changes in free amino acid levels in various tissues of common carp in response to insulin injection followed by force-feeding an amino acid diet. | the effects of a single injection of porcine insulin on free amino acid levels in plasma, erythrocytes, hepatopancreas and skeletal muscle were simultaneously monitored in common carp; the fish were force-fed a complete diet composed of crystalline amino acids as the sole protein precursors (amino acid diet) to study the dynamics of amino acid metabolism. the force-feeding of the amino acid diet caused surges in the concentrations of almost all amino acids in fish injected with saline, and amino ... | 1990 | 2195144 |
| post-translational processing of prepro-urotensin ii. | the primary structure of a teleost prepro-urotensin ii may be deduced from the nucleotide sequence of cloned dna complementary to carp prepro-urotensin ii mrna but the pathway of post-translational processing of the precursor is unknown. in this study, we have isolated four peptides from an extract of flounder urophysis that are derived from prepro-urotensin ii by proteolytic cleavage. the amino acid sequences of the peptides demonstrate that flounder prepro-urotensin ii is cleaved at two monoba ... | 1990 | 2365069 |
| relationship between serum got of cyprinus carpio and biotic index of diatom in the diagnosis of water quality. | | 1990 | 2354259 |
| dopamine release via protein kinase c activation in the fish retina. | calcium-dependent phospholipid-sensitive protein kinase [protein kinase c (pkc)] was partially purified from the carp (cyprinus carpio) retina through de 52 ion exchange and cellulofine gel filtration chromatography. the phorbol ester 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (tpa) activated pkc in the nanomolar range. a major 38-kda protein in the retinal supernatants (105,000 g) was phosphorylated in vitro by pkc during a short period (3 min). other phosphoproteins also appeared during a further pr ... | 1990 | 2338558 |
| detection of phenol-induced subcellular alteration by electron microscopy in the liver and panceres of carp. | a sublethal dose (5 mg l(-1)) of phenol was applied in the experiment. liver and pancreas samples were taken at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr for electron microscopy. the following alterations were manifested during the experiment: amitosis, irregular nuclear forms, decrease of chromatin, nucleolar segregation and numerous phagosomes and autophagic vacuoles in the cytoplasm. after 72 hr, large empty vacuoles also developed in the cells. the rer was often dilated, and the accumulation of paraprotein crys ... | 1990 | 24243337 |
| effect of sublethal concentrations of phenol on some enzyme activities and blood sugar level of carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | to measure the phenol induced tissue necrosis and its adverse effects on nervous system, got, gpt, ldh, ache enzyme activities and blood sugar level detections were used under aquarium conditions and in field experiments.under aquarium conditions all experimental animals survived 5 ppm phenol concentration even at 96 hr exposure time. however the increase of plasma got, gpt, and ldh activities reflected serious tissue damage.in field experiments the plasma got. gpt, and ldh activities three time ... | 1990 | 24243336 |
| genetic differences between the chinese and european races of the common carp : 6. growth of fish in cages. | relative growth rates of six genetic groups of common carp were compared in small netting cages and in earthen ponds. these groups of carp included an isolate of the chinese 'big belly carp', its crossbred with a european isolate, and four european progenies, purebreds or crossbreds. five different environments were produced in the ponds, mainly by varying the stocking rates of carp. each of the (ten) cages was treated as a different environment. each cage and each pond were stocked with random ... | 1990 | 24226586 |
| electron microscope autoradiographic examination of uptake behavior of lipophilic chemicals into fish gill. | juvenile carp (cyprinus carpio) were exposed to fenvalerate and to an oligomer with molecular weights of 420 and 2,000-50,000 and log po/w values of 6.4 and more than 14, respectively, and uptake behavior into gill tissues was observed by electron microscope autoradiography. it was qualitatively demonstrated that fenvalerate was absorbed into gill tissues and localized in membrane systems of each cell. on the other hand, no absorption was observed for the oligomer, even in the external membrane ... | 1990 | 2338064 |
| purification, characterization, and molecular cloning of gonadotropin subunits of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix). | the alpha and beta subunit of silver carp gonadotropin (scgth-alpha and scgth-beta) were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography. heterogeneity of n-terminal amino acid sequence was observed in scgth-alpha but not in scgth-beta. for determining the complete primary structures of scgth-alpha and scgth-beta, their cdnas were cloned. combining the data of n- and c-terminal sequences determined from proteins and the amino acid sequences deduced from cdnas, we infer that scgth-alpha consis ... | 1990 | 2332148 |
| profile of metal-binding proteins and heme oxygenase in red carp treated with heavy metals, pesticides and surfactants. | | 1990 | 2322691 |
| a monoclonal antibody specific to müller cells and selective synaptic sites in the retina. | we have produced a monoclonal antibody which stains the müller cells in the region of the photoreceptors, nerve terminals surrounding the horizontal cells, and nerve terminals in the inner plexiform layer in carp, goldfish, and white perch retinas. electron microscopy showed that the staining in the outer and inner retina was confined to müller cells and presynaptic terminals, respectively. in the teleost brain, the antibody stained only the optic tectum and efferent fibers from the stratum albu ... | 1990 | 1692309 |
| transgenic carp: pond-ready? | | 1990 | 17843790 |
| the purification and partial characterization of carp, cyprinus carpio, vitellogenin. | a procedure is described for the isolation of intact vitellogenin (c-vtg) from the carp, cyprinus carpio. vtg was induced in juvenile females using oestradiol-17β and purified from the plasma using a combination of gel-filtration chromatography on sepharose 6b and ion exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose. purification procedures were conducted at low temperatures (below 9°c) in the presence of the proteolytic enzyme inhibitor aprotinin to prevent degradation. intact c-vtg had an apparent mo ... | 1990 | 24221944 |
| the effects of pesticides on some biochemical parameters of carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | treatments with copper sulphate (cuso4), paraquat (pq) and methidathion (md) caused tissue damage and stress effects in carp, indicated by the increased lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (got), and glutamate dehydrogenase (gidh) enzyme activities and elevated blood-sugar levels. copper sulphate, administered together with pq and md, were synergistic in terms of tissue damage and stress effects. the isoenzyme patterns showed organ-specific tissue damage. the administe ... | 2015 | 2322021 |
| mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation in elasmobranchs. | in heart and red muscle of dogfish (squalus acanthias), the maximal activities of the fatty acid catabolizing enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase (cpt) are less than 5% the rate in the same tissues of teleosts (carp, cyprinus carpio; trout, salmo gairdneri). cpt activities in these tissues of hagfish (eptatretus stouti) are approximately 10% the rate in teleosts. however, the maximal activities of the beta-oxidation enzyme beta-hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase (hoad) in dogfish red muscle and hea ... | 1990 | 2316720 |
| nucleotide sequence of carp mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase iii. | | 1990 | 2156223 |
| refined crystal structure of calcium-liganded carp parvalbumin 4.25 at 1.5-a resolution. | the crystal structure of carp parvalbumin (pi = 4.25) has been refined by restrained least-squares analysis employing x-ray diffractometer data to 1.5-a resolution. the final residual for 12,653 reflections between 10 and 1.5 a with i(hkl) greater than 2 sigma(i) is 0.215. a total of 74 solvent molecules were included in the least-squares analysis. the root mean square deviation from ideality of bond lengths is 0.024 a. the model has a root mean square difference of 0.59 a from the positions of ... | 1990 | 2334704 |
| glycogen phosphorylase in fish muscle: demonstration of three interconvertible forms. | white skeletal muscle of crucian carp contains a single isoenzyme of glycogen phosphorylase, which was purified approximately 300-fold to a specific activity of approximately 13 mumol.min-1.mg protein-1 (assayed in the direction of glycogen breakdown at 25 degrees c). tissue extracts of crucian muscle produced three distinct peaks of phosphorylase activity when separated on deae-sephacel. peaks 1 and 3 were identified, in terms of kinetic properties and by interconversion experiments, as phospho ... | 1990 | 2106266 |
| sequential course of uptake of intravitreal 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine by carp retinal cells. | the sequential course of uptake by retinal cells of intravitreally injected 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-dht) together with dopamine (da) was investigated in juvenile carp retinas, which were removed at various intervals (1-24 h) after injection. the cells taken up 5,7-dht were visualized immunohistochemically with anti-serotonin (5-ht) antibody and fitc-conjugated igg. after a mixture of 5,7-dht and da (2.5, 10 or 20 micrograms each) was given, large-sized indoleamine (ia) amacrine cells first ... | 1990 | 1970941 |
| functional coupling of glycolysis and phosphocreatine utilization in anoxic fish muscle. an in vivo 31p nmr study. | three fish species with different strategies for anoxic survival (goldfish, tilapia, and common carp) were exposed to environmental anoxia (4, 3, and 1 h, respectively). the concentrations of high energy phosphate compounds and inorganic phosphate, besides the intracellular ph in the epaxial muscle were measured during anoxia and recovery by in vivo 31p nmr spectroscopy. the concentration of free adp was calculated from the equilibrium constant of creatine kinase. during anoxia the patterns of p ... | 1990 | 2295625 |
| watercress and amphipods potential chemical defense in a spring stream macrophyte. | we investigated the potential role of defensive chemicals in the avoidance of watercress (nasturtium officinale) by the cooccurring amphipod,gammarus pseudolimnaeus at two spring brooks: carp creek, michigan and squabble brook, connecticut. we conducted observations and laboratory experiments on the consumption of watercress, the toxicity of damaged (frozen) watercress, and the toxicity of damage-released secondary chemicals. field-collected yellowed watercress typically lacked the bite and odor ... | 1990 | 24264910 |
| effects of paraquat treatment on fish transaminase molecular subforms. | the effects of paraquat (pq; 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium dichloride) treatment were investigated in carp, silver carp and wels. the serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (got; l-aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, ec 2.6.1.1.) level was enhanced by 50% at 1 ppm exposure and by 100% at 10 ppm exposure in all species, and there was a change in the distribution of the molecular subforms of got in the liver and heart. the activities of the individual subforms decreased with increasing p ... | 1990 | 24221900 |
| bacterial flora of fishes: a review. | bacterial floras isolated from eggs, skin, gills, and intestines have been described for a limited number of fish species. generally, the range of bacterial genera isolated is related to the aquatic habitat of the fish and varies with factors such as the salinity of the habitat and the bacterial load in the water. in many investigations, identification of isolates to the genus level only makes it difficult to determine the precise relationships of aquatic and fish microfloras. bacteria recovered ... | 1990 | 24196252 |
| electroretinographic b-wave merely reflects the activity of the rod system in the dark-adapted carp retina. | the electroretinogram and responses of intermediate horizontal cells (ihcs) were recorded simultaneously and studied under dark-adapted conditions in intact crucian carp, with the hope of providing an answer to the controversy whether the scotopic b-wave contains contribution from both rods and cones. our observations indicate that the dark-adapted b-wave follows the univariance principle perfectly in that: (1) b-wave forms and shapes of response amplitude vs light intensity relationships did no ... | 1990 | 2392843 |
| interaction between the soma and the axon terminal of horizontal cells in carp retina. | in teleost retina, the receptive fields of horizontal cell axon terminals have a larger space constant than the receptive fields of the horizontal cell somata. generally this difference in receptive field size is attributed to the cell coupling which is assumed to be stronger in the horizontal axon terminal network than in the horizontal cell soma network. the axon terminals are displaced with respect to the cell bodies. in this paper we show, using a simple simulated horizontal cell (hc) networ ... | 1990 | 2392830 |
| a cell line (clc) of adherent peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes of normal common carp cyprinus carpio. | | 1990 | 2369971 |
| comparative anatomy of the intestine of cyprinus carpio linnaeus 1758 and salmo trutta linnaeus 1758. | the anatomy of carp and trout was compared by means of anatomical dissection and frozen cross-sections. this enabled exact topographical localization and hence also the determination of differences in the position of individual intestinal segments. the elaboration of a suitable nomenclature was considered to be an important working measure for the facilitation of interspecific comparison. | 1990 | 2341080 |
| surface location and stage-specificity of differentiation antigens on germ cells in the common carp (cyprinus carpio), as revealed with monoclonal antibodies and immunogold staining. | during development of juvenile and young adult carp (cyprinus carpio, l., teleostei) three differentiation stages were distinguished in the testis: the prespermatogenic, the early spermatogenic and the advanced spermatogenic testis. carp testis tissue of these stages was dissociated by enzymatic digestion and viable testis cells with well preserved morphological features were obtained. the surface location and stage-specificity of differentiation antigens on these germ cells was investigated usi ... | 1990 | 2286535 |
| compound action potential amplitude and conduction velocity as a function of temperature in carp nervus lateralis. | this study shows the relationship between nerve fiber conduction velocity of compound action potentials produced by bipolar electrical stimulation were recorded from the isolated carp nervus lateralis by means of an electrode array consisting of 16 0.5 mm diameter platinum wire electrodes mounted in a nerve chamber. the recordings were repeated at temperatures ranging from 12.0 to 32.5 degrees c. both the amplitude and conduction velocity of the nerve response peaked at about 28.0 degrees c. fir ... | 1990 | 2271406 |
| structure of the toxin isolated from carp (cyprinus carpio) bile. | attempts were made to elucidate the structure of the toxin isolated from the bile of carp cyprinus carpio, which is possibly responsible for carp poisoning. by fast atom bombardment (fab) mass spectrometry, along with 1h- and 13c-nmr, a molecular formula of c27h48o8s containing a sulfate ester group was deduced. those and other analytical data allowed us to conclude the structure of carp toxin to be 5 alpha-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 26, 27-pentol 26-sulfate, which agreed essentially ... | 1990 | 2260104 |
| a presumptive role for gaba in the stimulatory effects of des-gly10, [d-ala6]-lhrh-ethylamide and pimozide on the gonadotropin release in carp. | to investigate the effect of endogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) on the blood maturating gonadotropin (gth) levels, or to study its interaction with pimozide (dopamine antagonist) and a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog (lhrh-a), sexually mature male and female carps were treated with drugs that may either inhibit gaba biosynthesis or gaba degradation. in females the irreversible inhibitor of gaba-transaminase, gamma-vinyl gaba (gvg), which was to increase the endogenous gaba-er ... | 1990 | 2259268 |